Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Gaillardia
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Origin – distribution of species – wild relatives and forms – breeding objectives – major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties.
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Presentation on Breeding Techniques of Gaillardia
- 1. GAILLARDIA SUBMITTED TO Dr.kaushik Panigrahi Asst.Professor Dept of plant breeding and genetics submitted by Supriya Sahu Adm.No-25C/14 Bsc.Ag-3rd yr
- 2. Family:Asteraceae Origin-There are over two dozen species of Gaillardia and most are native to some area of North America.Gaillardia pulchella, which is native from southeastern U.S. through to Colorado and south into Mexico, was cross bred withGaillardia aristata, a prairie flower, to createGaillardiaXgrandiflora Genus:GaillardiaEpitheton:x grandiflora (G arista (perennial) x G pulchella (annual)) Gaillardia grandiflora (hyb.) MorphologyOverallHeight of plant (m):0.1 - 0.7 Roots and stemDescription :With multicellular hairs, somewhat sticky. Description of seed:Achenes .Description of fruit:Achenes obovoid, with a pappus of scales with apical bristle.
- 3. Gaillardia pulchellaFoug. is subdivided into partially interfertile cytotypes which are in some cases morphologically recognizable. The greatest morphological and cytological variation occurs in the southern and eastern portions of thespecies range. The evolutionary history of the species cannot be determined from the cytological information presented here although paleoclimatic information suggests the species or its ancestral form would have occupied areas to the south or west of the present distribution during the late Pleistocene- Recent climatic shifts.
- 4. propagule:Achenes. Phyllotaxy:alternate ,opposite FlowerDescription of inflorescence:Flowers in capitula, phyllaries in 2-3 rows, more or less herbaceous, becoming reflexed before fruiting. Capitula radiate,receptacle strongly convex to subglobose, with bristle-like receptical scales. Description of flower:Outer florets ligulate, usually female, inner florets tubular, bisexual .Colour of flower:white yellow variable orangevariable pink no brown red variable purplen blue green Additional informationUses:As ornamental. Current distribution:Europe: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands. North America: USA.Distribution:Biochemistry and molecular data
- 5. distribution
- 6. Most of the modern blanket flowers areGaillardiaXgrandifloraDescriptionGaillarida forms a slowly spreading mound. Although generally short-lived, it can reseed and sprawl through the garden. Since the original plants are hybrids, expect some variation from self-seeding. Leaves: Lance-shaped gray-green leaves are sometimes lobed.Flowers: 3-5" across, in various shades of yellow and red. Some have petals surrounding a center disk which produces florets. Others have trumpet-shaped florets surround the entire disk. They can handle some partial shade, particularly in hot climates, but they will get a bit floppy and will not flower as profusely
- 7. garaillardia Varieties Gaillardia x grandiflora ‘Goblin’ was the standard cultivar for many years, but the actual color (red versus orange red and the red to yellow balance) varies from one cultivar to the next. The only way to know exactly what you are getting is to go vegetative and get cuttings of a superior form. The seed types, even though there is some variability, are still the economical way to grow the crop, and sometimes the variability can be a good thing at the retaillevel. In general, gaillardia breaks up into three groups: doubles, singles and species or novelty. Pure red, pure yellow and bi-color forms make up the double- flowered types. Seed doubles often have a percentage of seedlings that revert to single flowers, so the cutting produced types like the Torch series, from Ball FloraPlant, eliminate the off types and
- 8. • However, the Lorenziana Mix from Sahin has a lot of color forms that are really unique, so it depends on what you want to grow. • Otherwise, among the doubles, there isn’t a big difference between the growth habits or flowers of the different double cultivars. • Still, these plants are true show-stoppers, so they will really add to late-spring and summer sales.In singles there is the same color breakdown, roughly, with varying degrees of red petals with yellow tips dominating the selection of single forms. • The interesting stuff is in the burgundy forms, and again color varies with your environment and.
- 9. There are about 30 cultivars on the market, but they are almost all from the hybridization of two native species G. aristata (native to North America) and G. pulchella (native to Mexico and the Southern United States) are the parents ofG. x grandiflora. G. aristata is from the high plains and gives its progeny cold hardiness, while G. pulchella provides the heat tolerance and humidity tolerance of the Sunbelt. G. pulchella also has a slightly more succulent leaf than G. aristata. For most of us, the difference between the two is probably not obvious but still kind of neat to know. Gaillardia aestivalis is a species that generally has an incomplete single flower with petals separated by large gaps aroundthe central disc. Flowers may be white, yellow or reddish purple. Gaillardia pinnatifida is very similar to G. aestivalis with pinnate leaves. All of these species willintercross, so expect a lot of overlap in
- 10. • The Sunset dwarf series makes 14-inch mounds of colorfast flowers, including Sunset Cutie (bronzy red with cream border), • Sunset Flash (red-orange with yellow tips), and Sunset Snappy (purple pink rays with cream-yellow tips). • Sunset medium varieties are just a couple of inches taller and come in a variety of bicolors. • There’s Sunset Candy (pink, cream border), Sunset Mexican (yellow rays with pink base), Sunset Popsy (deep pink, cream-yellow tips), Sunset Spice (red orange, yellow tips), and Sunset Sunrise (yellow rays, orange bases, red- orange centers). Rays come in doublerows.
- 11. • “Breeding of Gaillardia is going in several directions: toward smaller plants whose flowers don’t flop, toward solid colors, toward single flowers with trumpet-shaped rays, and toward double flowers”, the National Garden Bureau (NGB) in the US announced 2015 Year of the Gaillardia.. • “The following group includes examples of traditional Gaillardia x grandiflora flowers with flat rays. • The Lunar series grows just 8 to 10 inches tall. Harvest Moon has yellow rays with red base and central disc, while Two Moon is red with yellow tips. Plants in the foot-tall Arizona series were All-America Selections twice: Arizona Sun, with its red and yellow flowers, won in 2005, while yellow- tipped, soft-orange Arizona Apricot won in 2011. The Gallo series comes in solids (Gallo Red, Gallo Yellow) and two- toned versions such as Gallo Fire (red with yellow tips and a dark red center) and Gallo Peach (peach center and rays, yellow tips). They have extra large flowers on foot-tall plants. Kobold (‘Goblin’) comes in at around 13 inches. It’s an old standard, with yellow-tipped red flowers. • Goldkobold (Golden Goblin) is an all-yellow version.
- 14. propagules