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JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 https://doi.org/10.17221/65/2018-JFS The vascular flora of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area in Greece George KARETSOS 1, Alexandra D. SOLOMOU 1*, Panayiotis TRIGAS 2, Konstantinia TSAGARI 1 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Athens, Greece 2 Laboratory of Systematic Botany, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece *Corresponding author: solomou@fria.gr Abstract Karetsos G., Solomou A.D., Trigas P., Tsagari K. (2018): The vascular flora of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area in Greece. J. For. Sci., 64: 435–454. This paper presents the first comprehensive checklist of vascular plants for an especially important area for biodiversity, namely National Park “Ethnikos Drymos Oitis” – Natura 2000 site (GR2440004) and the surrounding area in Greece. This list includes a total of 1,153 plant taxa, including 79 endemic taxa and two local endemic species (Allium lagarophyllum Brullo, Pavone & Tzanoudakis and Veronica oetaea Gustavsson). It is noteworthy that 551 plants are new records for the flora of Mt. Oiti. A total of 67 taxa are protected by national and international legislation, while 52 orchid taxa are also protected by the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Veronica oetaea, a priority species of Annex II of the Directive 92/43, is also protected by the Berne Convention. The high plant species diversity and endemism make Mt. Oiti National Park an important area with high conservation value, thus providing baseline information which could be utilized for further research. Keywords: diversity; ecology; environment; protected areas; endemics; checklist; Greece Mediterranean Basin is the third richest hotspot in the world in terms of plant biodiversity (Mittermeier et al. 2004). Mediterranean mountains host an especially high plant diversity and endemism (Sainz Ollero, Moreno Saiz 2002; Martín-Brano et al. 2010), rendering them an ideal stage for biodiversity and biogeographical studies. Greece, located at the crossroad of three continents, namely Europe, Asia and Africa, is an important component of the Mediterranean Basin hotspot. The vascular flora of Greece comprises 5,758 species and 1,970 subspecies (native and naturalized), representing 6,620 taxa, belonging to 1,073 genera and 185 families (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, 2016). The endemic vascular flora of Greece includes 1,459 taxa (22% of the total number of taxa in Greece), corJ. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 responding to 1,274 endemic species (22.1% of the total number of Greek species) and 450 endemic subspecies (22.8% of the total number of Greek subspecies) (Dimopoulos et al. 2013, 2016). Mt. Oiti is a mountain with high ecological importance, which, however, belongs to the less explored areas of Greece (Dimopoulos, Georgiadis 1995). Several botanists have visited this area in the past, attracted by its high plant diversity and endemism. The most important publications on the flora of Mt. Oiti have been made by Heldreich (1890), “Conspectus Florae Graeca” (von Halácsy 1901, 1902, 1904) who mentions 150 taxa, “Flora montis Oeta en Grece” (Regel 1943, 1953) that includes 338 taxa and the Mountain Flora of Greece I, II (Strid 1986; Strid, Tan 1991) including 371 taxa. 435 The aim of this study is to provide the first comprehensive species list of native vascular plant species for an especially important area concerning plant biodiversity, namely National Park “Ethnikos Drymos Oitis” – Natura 2000 site (GR2440004) and the surrounding area of Mt Oiti in Greece. This checklist is expected to serve as a basis for a better understanding of the Greek flora and to promote more comprehensive floristic and taxonomic studies of groups or regions that require more detailed inventory and/or systematic work. We also hope that will contribute towards a more effective conservation management of Mt. Oiti National Park. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area. Mt. Oiti National Park (Fig. 1) is characterized by high geological and geomorphological heterogeneity. Moreover, it has abundant water sources, and it is located at the transition zone between Northern and Southern Greece. The elevation ranges from 400 to 2,116 m a.s.l., and its area covers 7,210 ha. The study area (latitude: between 38°56'48''N and 38°41'43''N, longitude: between 22°8'44''E and 22°29'26''E) is important for biodiversity, both at the national and regional levels, as it includes a large variety of natural and semi-natural habitats. It also hosts a large number of plant and animal species, some of them rare, and it is the southernmost distribution limit of several plant species like Caltha palustris Linnaeus and Trollius europaeus Linnaeus. It is also important for biodiversity at the European level and for this reason it has been designated as a European Council Biogenetic Reserve (Karetsos 2002). The vegetation of Mt. Oiti is mainly consisted of Abies cephalonica Loudon forests, which cover approximately 38% of the studied area and 50% of the whole mountain. The presence of Quercus frainetto Tenore forests as well as mixed fir-oak ones (about 7%) in the southern and western parts of the area is significant. High altitude grasslands and rocky pastures cover approximately 10% of the area (Mavromatis 1980; Karetsos 2002). The average temperature in lowland areas reaches 7.6°C in the coldest month and 27.8°C in the warmest, while at the summit area the corresponding values are 2.2 and 16.8°C, respectively. The substrate of Mt. Oiti is mainly composed by sandstone flysch, hard limestones and alluvial deposits (Ministry of Agriculture 1981, 1985). Plant collections. Plant collections were mainly made in two distinct periods during 1999–2001 and Fig. 1. Topographic map of Mt. Oiti National Park 436 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 2011–2013. Plant collection efforts were mainly focused within the boundaries of Mt. Oiti National Park. Plant collections were also made in other areas, covering almost the entire mountain, beyond the borders of the protected area. All habitat types distributed across the entire elevational range of the study area were systematically sampled during all seasons. The collected plant specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of the Institute of the Mediterranean and Forest Ecosystems, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”. Species identification was mainly based on Mountain Flora of Greece I, II (Strid 1986; Strid, Tan 1991), Flora Hellenica I & II (Strid, Tan 1997, 2002) and Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. 1968, 1972, 1976, 1993a, b). Plant nomenclature and distribution follow Dimopoulos et al. (2013, 2016). Regarding plant life-forms, the systems of Raunkiaer (1934), Ellenberg (1956), Braun-Blanquet (1964), and Pignatti (1982a–c) were followed. Table 2. The taxa-richest families in the flora Mt. Oiti Family Asteraceae Poaceae Fabaceae Lamiaceae Caryophyllaceae Brassicaceae Orchidaceae Apiaceae Total Taxa richness (> 40) 132 100 73 62 62 59 52 43 583 Among the 111 families, the eight richest are listed in Table 2 (taxa number > 40), and they include 583 taxa. According to other studies (Pavlidis 1976, 1982; Christodoulakis 1986; Voliotis 1988; Dimopoulos 1993; Dimitrellos, Christodoulakis 1995), the same families appear to be the richest even in different and relatively dissimilar regions of Greece. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Life-forms Taxonomic diversity and endemism Life-forms are an important functional trait of plants, reflecting the climatic conditions of a certain region. Hemicryptophytes is the dominant plant life-form in the flora of Mt. Oiti (46.23%), followed by Therophytes (23.16%), Geophytes (10.15%), Chamaephytes (9.97%), and Phanerophytes (9.97%) (Table 3). The dominance of Hemicryptophytes is a valuable indicator for the environment. Because of this, we can easily conclude that Mt. Oiti, despite being close to the sea area of Malliakos and Northern Evoikos Gulf, has a continental climatic character due to the steep elevational rise. The high percentage of Therophytes is primarily influenced by the presence of annual plant species that are mainly distributed at the low elevational belts of Mt. Oiti. Regarding the percentages of Hemicryptophytes and Therophytes, Mt. Oiti is more similar The flora of Mt. Oiti consists of 1,153 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies) (Table 1, Appendix 1). About half of them (551 taxa) are new floristic records for Mt. Oiti, resulting from the present study. The flora of Mt. Oiti also includes 79 endemic taxa and two local endemic species (Allium lagarophyllum Brullo, Pavone & Tzanoudakis and Veronica oetaea Gustavsson). A total of 67 taxa are protected and 52 orchid taxa are also protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Veronica oetaea, a priority species of Annex II of the Directive 92/43, is also protected by the Berne Convention (IUCN 2013). One more plant, Gentiana lutea Linnaeus, is listed in Annex V of the above-mentioned directive. The distribution of the vascular plants of Mt. Oiti into the main plant groups is presented in Table 1. Table 1. Representation of vascular plant taxa in the flora of Mt. Oiti Family Genus Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Total 10 4 97 111 Species Percentage + subspecies 11 6 540 557 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 21 9 1,123 1,153 1.82 0.78 97.39 100.00 Table 3. Categories of life-forms and their participation rates in the checklist of the study area Life-form Chamaephytes Geophytes Hemicryptophytes Phanerophytes Therophytes Hydrophytes Total No. of taxa 115 117 533 115 267 6 1,153 Percentage 9.97 10.15 46.23 9.97 23.16 0.52 100.00 437 to mountainous areas of Northern Greece (e.g. Mt. Paiko, Mt. Vertiskos), than to neighbouring mountains of Sterea Ellas and/or the Peloponnese. This result is probably due the substrate composition (flysch vs. limestone) and the high water availability which seem to be the main factors influencing this pattern. CONCLUSIONS Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area is an especially diverse area with a large number of habitat types that host a wide variety of vascular plant species. The flora of the area includes 1,153 vascular plant taxa, 551 of them are first recorded from this area during the present study. The endemic flora consists of 79 taxa, with their distribution range restricted in the political borders of Greece. It is important to highlight the fact that Allium lagarophyllum and Veronica oetaea are two extremely rare, locally restricted endemics of Mt. Oiti. This study provides the first comprehensive checklist of vascular plants of Mt. Oiti National Park and the surrounding area in Greece. It constitutes a basis for a more effective conservation management of Mt. Oiti National Park, as well as further research on plant diversity issues. APPENDIX 1. PLANT CHECKLIST *a new plant record; life-form categories: P – Phanerophytes, C – Chamaephytes, H – Hemictyptophytes, G – Geophytes, T – Therophytes PTERIDOPHYTES ASPLENIACEAE *Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. – H Asplenium ceterach L. subsp. ceterach – H *Asplenium onopteris L. – H Asplenium ruta-muraria L. subsp. ruta-muraria – H Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. – H *Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes – H DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C. Chr. ex Maire & Petitm. subsp. pallida – G Dryopteris mindshelkensis Pavlov – G Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth – G Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth – G EQUISETACEAE *Equisetum arvense L. – G *Equisetum palustre L. – G *Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. – G *Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. – G OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Ophioglossum vulgatum L. – G POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium vulgare L. – G PTERIDACEAE *Adiantum capillus-veneris L. – G SELAGINELLACEAE *Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring – H GYMNOSPERMS CUPRESSACEAE *Cupressus sempervirens L. – P Juniperus communis L. subsp. nana (Willd.) Syme – P Juniperus foetidissima Willd. – P Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. deltoides (R.P. Adams) N.G. Passal. in Bernardo, Passalacqua & Peruzzi – P EPHEDRACEAE *Ephedra foeminea Forssk. – P Ephedra nebrodensis Guss. subsp. procera (Fishc. & C.A. Mey.) K. Richt. – P PINACEAE Abies cephalonica Loudon – P, endemic *Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold subsp. nigra – P TAXACEAE *Taxus baccata L. – P ATHYRIACEAE *Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth – G ANGIOSPERMS CYSTOPTERIDACEAE Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. – G ACANTHACEAE *Acanthus spinosus L. – H DENNSTAEDTIACEAE *Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Kersten subsp. aquilinum – G ACERACEAE *Acer campestre L. – P *Acer hyrcanum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. subsp. reginae- 438 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 amaliae (Boiss.) E. Murray – P, endemic Acer monspessulanum L. subsp. monspessulanum – P Acer platanoides L. ALLIACEAE Allium achaium Boiss. & Orph. in Boiss. *Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum Allium guttatum Steven subsp. tenorei (Parl.) Soldano *Allium hymettium Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. Allium lagarophyllum Brullo, Pavone & Tzanoud. – G, local endemic *Allium moschatum L. – G Allium pallens L. – G *Allium paniculatum L. subsp. paniculatum – G Allium phthioticum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G Allium vineale L. – G AMARANTHACEAE *Amaranthus blitum L. – T AMARYLLIDACEAE Narcissus poeticus L. subsp. poeticus – G Narcissus poeticus L. subsp. radiiflorus (Salisb.) Baker – G Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit. – G ANACARDIACEAE *Cotinus coggygria Scop. – P *Pistacia lentiscus L. – P *Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. terebinthus – P Rhus coriaria L. – P APIACEAE *Bupleurum flavicans Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – T *Bupleurum flavum Forssk. – T Bupleurum glumaceum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – T Carum graecum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. graecum – H Chaerophyllum aromaticum L. – H Chaerophyllum aureum L. – H Chaerophyllum heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. – H, endemic *Daucus carota L. – T, H *Daucus guttatus Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – T Dichoropetalum oligophyllum (Griseb.) Pimenov & Kljuykov – H Dichoropetalum vittijugum (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov – H Eryngium amethystinum L. – H *Eryngium campestre L. – H *Eryngium creticum Lam. in Lam. & al. – T, H *Foeniculum vulgare Mill. – H Geocaryum capillifolium (Guss.) Coss. – G J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Geocaryum pindicola (Hausskn.) Engstrand – G Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. pyrenaicum (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens – H *Lagoecia cuminoides L. – T Laserpitium pseudomeum Orph., Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – H, endemic Laserpitium siler L. subsp. garganicum (Ten.) Arcang. – H *Malabaila aurea (Sm.) Boiss. – H *Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Griseb. – H *Orlaya daucoides (L.) Greuter in Greuter & Rech. F. – T *Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. urens (Godr.) Čelak. – H *Peucedanum longifolium Waldst. & Kit. – H *Physospermum cornubiense (L.) DC. – H Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. polyclada (Boiss. & Heldr.) Tutin – C Pimpinella tragium Vill. subsp. tragium – C Sanicula europaea L. – H *Scaligeria napiformis (Spreng.) Grande – H *Scandix australis L. subsp. grandiflora (L.) Thell. – T Scandix macrorhyncha C.A. Mey. – T Selinum silaifolium (Jacq.) Beck. – H Seseli peucedanoides (M. Bieb.) Koso-Pol. – H *Smyrnium perfoliatum L. subsp. rotundifolium (Mill.) Hartvig in Strid – H *Tordylium apulum L. – T *Tordylium officinale L. – T *Torilis africana Spreng. – T *Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. – T *Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb. f. – T *Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn. – T Trinia frigida (Boiss. & Heldr.) Drude – H, endemic APOCYNACEAE Nerium oleander L. subsp. oleander – P *Vinca major L. subsp. major – C AQUIFOLIACEAE *Ilex aquifolium L. – P ARACEAE *Arum italicum Mill. subsp. italicum – G *Arum maculatum L. – G *Dracunculus vulgaris Schott. in Scott in Scott & Endl. – G ARALIACEAE *Hedera helix L. subsp. helix – P ARISTOLOCHIACEAE *Aristolochia elongata (Duch.) E. Nardi – G *Aristolochia rotunda L. subsp. insularis (Nardi & Arrigoni) Gamisans – G 439 ASCLEPIADACEAE *Cynanchum acutum L. subsp. acutum – P Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. subsp. nivale (Boiss. & Heldr.) Markgr. – H ASPARAGACEAE *Asparagus acutifolius L. – C *Asparagus maritimus (L.) Mill. – C ASPHODELACEAE Asphodeline liburnica (Scop.) Rchb. – G ASTERACEAE *Achillea ageratifolia (Sm.) Benth. & Hook. f. subsp. ageratifolia – H Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. – H Achillea fraasii Sch. Bip. – H *Achillea grandifolia Friv. – H *Achillea holosericea Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H *Achillea ligustica All. – H Achillea nobilis L. –H *Achillea pannonica Scheele – H Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit. – H Achillea umbellata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – C, endemic *Anthemis arvensis L. subsp. cyllenea (Halácsy) R. Fern. – T *Anthemis chia L. – T Anthemis cretica L. subsp. cretica – H Anthemis orientalis (L.) Degen – H Anthemis tinctoria L. subsp. parnassica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman – H Anthemis pindicola Halácsy – H *Arctium lappa L. – H *Bellis annua L. – T Bellis perennis L. – H *Carduus nutans L. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrović) Stoj. & Stef. – H *Carduus nutans L. subsp. scabrisquamus Arènes – H Carduus tmoleus Boiss. subsp. cronius (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter – H *Carlina biebersteinii Hornem. subsp. brevibracteata (Andrae) K. Werner – H *Carlina corymbosa L. subsp. graeca (Heldr. & Sartori) Nyman – H Carlina frigida Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H Centaurea affinis Friv. subsp. affinis – H Centaurea affinis Friv. subsp. pallidior (Halácsy) Hayek – H *Centaurea alba L. subsp. deusta (Ten.) Nyman – H Centaurea nervosa Willd. subsp. promota Ε. GamalEldin & Wagenitz in Strid & Tan – H, endemic Centaurea pelia DC. – H, endemic Centaurea salonitana Vis. – H *Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solsticialis – H 440 Centaurea triumfettii (All.) Á. Löve & D. Löve subsp. axillaris (Čelak.) Štĕpánek – H Chondrilla juncea L. – H *Chondrilla ramosissima Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic *Cichorium intybus L. – H Cirsium appendiculatum Griseb. – H Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. – H Cirsium mairei Halácsy – H, endemic *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. – H Crepis aurea (L.) Cass. subsp. glabrescens (Caruel) Arcang. – H *Crepis dioscoridis L. – T *Crepis foetida L. – H, T Crepis fraasii Sch. Bip. subsp. fraasii – H *Crepis neglecta L. subsp. graeca (Vierh.) Rech. f. – H, endemic *Crepis neglecta L. subsp. neglecta – T *Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. vesicaria – H *Crepis zacintha (L.) Loisel. – T *Crupina vulgaris Cass. – T *Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter – T *Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter subsp. viscosa – C, H Doronicum columnae Ten. *Doronicum orientale Hoffm. – H *Echinops ritro L. – H Erigeron alpinus L. – H Filago arvensis L. – T *Filago eriocephala Guss. – T *Filago germanica (L.) Huds. – T *Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch. Bip. in Webb & Berthel. – T *Gnaphalium sylvaticum L. – H Gnaphalium uliginosum L. – T *Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt subsp. rhagadioloides – T Helichryssum stoechas (L.) Moench subsp. barrelieri (Ten.) Nyman – C *Hieracium bifidum Kit. in Hornem. – H Hieracium lazistanum Arv.-Touv. subsp. leithneri (Boiss.) Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H Hieracium naegelianum Pančić – H Hieracium pannosum Boiss. – H Hieracium parnassi Fr. subsp. parnassi – H, endemic Hieracium scapigerum Boiss., Orph. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. scapigerum – H Hieracium schmidtii Tausch subsp. vranjanum (Zahn) Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H *Hypochaeris achyrophorus L. – T *Hypochaeris cretensis (L.) Bory & Chaub. in Bory – H *Hypochaeris glabra L. – T *Inula britannica L. – H *Inula candida (L.) Cass. subsp. limonella (Heldr.) Rech. f. – H, endemic J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Inula oculus-christi L. – H Inula verbascifolia (Willd.) Hausskn. subsp. parnassica (Boiss.& Heldr.) Tutin – H, endemic *Jacobaea erucifolia (L.) G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb. *Lactuca intricata Boiss. – H *Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertn. – H *Lactuca tuberosa Jacq. – H *Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl Lapsana communis L. – H Leontodon crispus Vill. – H Leontodon hispidus L. subsp. hispidus – H *Leontodon tuberosus L. – H *Onopordum illyricum L. subsp. cardunculus (Boiss.) Arènes – H *Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. subsp. spinosa – H, T *Petasites hybridus (L.) G. Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. – H *Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. – T *Picris pauciflora Willd. – T Pilosella bauhini (Schult.) Arv.-Touv. subsp. magyarica (Peter) S. Bräut. in Greuter & Raus Pilosella cymosa (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. subsp. heldreichiana (Nägeli & Peter) Gottschl. in Greuter & Raus – H Pilosella cymosa (L.) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. subsp. sabina (Sebast.) H. P. Fuchs – H Pilosella halacsyi (Halácsy) Soják – H Pilosella leucopsilon (Arv.-Touv.) Gottschl. in Greuter & Raus subsp. pilisquama (Nägeli & Peter) Gottschl. in Greuter & Raus – H *Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják subsp. piloselloides – H *Pilosella ziziana (Tausch) F.W. Schultz & Sch. Bip. – H *Podospermum canum C.A. Mey. – H *Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – T Podospermum roseum (Waldst. & Kit.) Gemeinholzer & Greuter subsp. peristericum (Formánek) Gemeinholzer & Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H *Ptilostemon afer (Jacq.) Greuter in Greuter & Rech. f. subsp. afer – H *Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn. – T *Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth. – H *Scolymus hispanicus L. subsp. hispanicus – H *Scorzonera crocifolia Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic Scorzonera mollis M. Bieb. subsp. mollis – H Scorzoneroides cichoriacea (Ten.) Greuter in Greuter, Gutermann & Talavera – G *Senecio macedonicus Griseb. – H Senecio ovatus (G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.) Willd. – H Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit. – H Senecio thapsoides DC. subsp. thapsoides – H Senecio viscosus L. – T *Senecio vulgaris L. – T J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Solidago virgaurea L. – H Sonchus oleraceus L. – T *Staehelina uniflosculosa Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – C Taraxacum sect. ruderalia Kirschner Kirschner, H. Øllg. & Štěpánek – H Taraxacum epirense Soest – H Taraxacum gionense A.J. Richards in Strid & Tan – H, endemic Taraxacum gracilens Dahlst. – H Taraxacum pindicola (Bald.) Hand.-Mazz. – H Taraxacum scaturiginosum G.E. Haglund – H *Tragopogon dubius Scop. – T *Tragopogon longifolius Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – H, endemic *Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. eriospermus (Ten.) Greuter in Greuter & Raab-Straube – H, T Tragopogon samaritani Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – T Tussilago farfara L. – G, H *Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass. – T *Urospermum picroides (L.) F.W. Schmidt – T *Xeranthemum cylindraceum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – T *Xeranthemum inapertum (L.) Miller – T BETULACEAE *Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner subsp. glutinosa – P *Carpinus betulus L. – P *Carpinus orientalis Mill. subsp. orientalis – P Corylus avellana L. – P *Corylus colurna L. – P Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. – P BORAGINACEAE *Alkanna calliensis Heldr. ex Boiss. – H, endemic *Alkanna graeca Boiss. & Spruner subsp. graeca – H, endemic *Alkanna pindicola Hausskn. – H Anchusa azurea Mill. – H *Anchusa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis – H Anchusa undulata L. subsp. hybrida (Ten.) Bég. – H *Anchusella cretica (Mill.) Bigazzi, Nardi & Selvi – T Asperugo procumbens L. – T *Borago officinalis L. – T Buglossoides incrassata (Guss.) I.M. Johnst. subsp. incrassata – T *Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst. – T *Cerinthe minor L. – T, H *Cynoglossum columnae Ten. – T *Cynoglossum creticum Mill. – H *Cynoglossum officinale L. – H Cynoglottis barrelieri (All.) Vural & Kit Tan subsp. serpentinicola (Rech. f.) Vural & Kit Tan – H *Echium italicum L. – H *Echium plantagineum L. –T H *Heliotropium hirsutissimum Grauer –T 441 Myosotis alpestris F.W. Schmidt subsp. suaveolens (Willd.) Strid in Strid & Tan – H *Myosotis congesta Shuttlew. ex Albert & A. Reyn. – T *Myosotis incrassata Guss. – T Myosotis nemorosa Besser – H *Myosotis ramosissima Rochel in Schult. subsp. ramosissima – T Myosotis refracta Boiss. subsp. refracta – T Myosotis stricta Roem. & Schult. – T Myosotis sylvatica Hoffm. subsp. cyanea (Hayek) Vestergren – H, T *Neatostema apulum (L.) I.M. Johnst. – T *Onosma erecta Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. erecta – H, endemic Onosma heterophylla Griseb. – H *Rindera graeca (A. DC.) Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, endemic *Symphytum bulbosum K.F. Schimp. – G BRASSICACEAE Aethionema cordatum (Desf.) Boiss. – C Aethionema saxatile (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton subsp. graecum (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek – C Alyssum doerfleri Degen – H Alyssum gustavssonii Hartvig in Strid – H, endemic Alyssum minutum Schlecht. ex DC. – T Alyssum montanum L. subsp. montanum – C Alyssum montanum L. subsp. repens (Baumg.) Schmalh. – C Alyssum murale Waldst. & Kit. – H Alyssum pulvinare Velen. – H *Alyssum sibiricum Willd. – H *Alyssum siculum Jord. – T Alyssum simplex Rudolphi – T *Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. in Russell – T *Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. in Holl & Heynh. – T Arabis alpina L. – H Arabis auriculata Lam. – T Arabis bryoides Boiss. – H *Arabis collina Ten. – H *Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. – H *Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – H Arabis sudetica Tausch – H *Arabis turrita L. – H *Arabis verna (L.) R. Br.in W.T. Aiton – T Aubrieta deltoidea (L.) DC. – C Aubrieta gracilis Spruner ex Boiss. – H *Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv. subsp. orientalis (Ard.) T.R. Dudley – H Barbarea sicula C. Presl in J. Presl & C. Presli – H Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. in W.T. Aiton subsp. arcuata (Opiz.) Hayek – H *Biscutella didydma L. – T *Bunias erucago L. – T 442 *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. – T, H Cardamine acris Griseb. subsp. vardousiae Perný & Marhold – H, endemic Cardamine barbaraeoides Halácsy – H, endemic *Cardamine graeca L. – T *Cardamine hirsuta L. – T *Clypeola jonthlaspi L. – T Draba lacaitae Boiss. – H Draba lasiocarpa Rochel – H *Draba muralis L. – H Draba verna L. – T *Erysimum asperulum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, endemic Erysimum cephalonicum Polatschek – H, endemic Erysimum cuspidatum (M. Bieb.) DC. – H *Erysimum graecum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, endemic Erysimum microstylum Hausskn. – H Erysimum parnassi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hausskn. – H, endemic *Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik. – H Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb. – T Iberis sempervirens L. – C *Isatis tinctoria L. subsp. tinctoria – H *Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton – T Lepidium hirtum (L.) Sm. subsp. nebrodense (Raf.) Thell. – H *Lunaria annua L. subsp. pachyrhiza (Borbás) Maire & Petitm. – H Malcolmia orsiniana (Ten.) Ten. subsp. angulifolia (Boiss. & Orph.) Stork – H *Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey. – T Noccaea brevistyla (DC.) Steud. subsp. pseudorivularis (Bornm.) F.K. Mey. – H Noccaea ochroleuca (Boiss. & Heldr.) F.K. Mey. – H Phyllolepidum cyclocarpum (Boiss.) Cecchi subsp. cyclocarpum – C *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. – T CAESALPINIACEAE *Cercis siliquastrum L. – P CAMPANULACEAE Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janchen. subsp. limonifolium – H *Campanula glomerata L. subsp. glomerata – H *Campanula rupestris Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic Campanula spatulata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. spatulata – G Campanula spatulata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. spruneriana (Hampe) Hayek – G *Campanula trachelium L. subsp. athoa (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek – H J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Campanula tymphaea Hausskn. – H Campanula versicolor Andrews – H Edraianthus graminifolius (L.) A. DC. in D.C. subsp. graminifolius – C Halacsyella parnassica (Boiss. & Spruner) Janch. – H, endemic *Legousia falcata (Ten.) Fritsch ex Janch. – T CAPRIFOLIACEAE *Lonicera etrusca Santi – P *Lonicera implexa Aiton – P *Lonicera nummulariifolia Jaub. & Spach subsp. nummulariifolia – P *Sambucus ebulus L. – G, H Sambucus nigra L. – P CARYOPHYLLACEAE *Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. – T Arenaria serpyllifolia L. – T Cerastium banaticum (Rochel) Steud. subsp. speciosum (Boiss.) Jalas – H *Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. subsp. roeseri (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman – T Cerastium candidissimum Correns – H, endemic *Cerastium decalvans Schlosser & Vuk. – H *Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. – T Cerastium holosteoides Fr. subsp. vulgare (Fr.) Buttler – T *Cerastium ramosissimum Boiss. – T Corrigiola littoralis L. – T Dianthus biflorus Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic *Dianthus cruentus Griseb. –H Dianthus gracilis Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. gracilis – H Dianthus haematocalyx (Boiss. & Heldr.) in Boiss. subsp. ventricosus Maire & Petitm. – H, endemic Dianthus integer Vis. subsp. minutiflorus (Halácsy) Bornm. ex strid – H *Dianthus pinifolius Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. lilacinus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Wettst. – H Dianthus stenopetalus Griseb. – H, C Dianthus tymphresteus (Boiss. & Spruner) Boiss. – H, endemic Dianthus viscidus Bory & Chaub. – H *Drypis spinosa L. subsp. spinosa – H *Herniaria hirsuta L. – T, H *Herniaria incana Lam. – T Herniaria parnassica Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss. subsp. parnassica – C *Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr. – H Minuartia attica (Boiss. & Spruner) Vierh. subsp. attica – H, C Minuartia confusa (Boiss.) Maire & Petitm. – H, endemic J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Minuartia eurytanica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hand.Mazz. – H, endemic *Minuartia globulosa (Labill.) Schinz & Thell. – T *Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. in Kom. – T Minuartia recurva (All.) Schinz & Thell. subsp. condensata (C. Presl) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – H, C Minuartia stellata (E.D. Clarke) Maire & Petitm. – C *Moenchia graeca Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss – T Paronychia albanica Chaudhri subsp. graeca Chaudhri – H, endemic Paronychia polygonifolia (Vill.) DC. in Lam & DC. – H *Petrorhagia cretica (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood – T Petrorhagia fasciculata (Margot & Reut.) P.W. Ball & Heywood – H, endemic Petrorhagia illyrica (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood subsp. illyrica –H Petrorhagia phthiotica (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.W. Ball & Heywood – H, endemic Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood – H *Sagina procumbens L. – H Sagina subulata (Swartz) C. Presl – H *Saponaria bellidifolia Sm. – H *Scleranthus annuus L. – T Scleranthus perennis L. subsp. marginatus (Guss.) Nyman – H *Silene auriculata Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic Silene bupleuroides L. subsp. staticifolia (Sm.) Chowdhuri – H Silene caesia Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H *Silene fabarioides Hausskn. – H *Silene gigantea L. subsp. hellenica Greuter – H, endemic *Silene graeca Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. – T Silene italica (L.) Pers. subsp. italica – H Silene multicaulis Guss. subsp. multicaulis – H Silene paradoxa L. – H Silene parnassica Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. subsp. parnassica – H Silene radicosa Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H Silene roemeri Friv. subsp. macrocarpa (Vandas) Greuter – H *Silene viridiflora L. – H Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. megalosperma (Heldr.) Hayek – H Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Schinz & Thell. – H Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl – T, C Stellaria media (L.) Vill. – T, H *Viscaria atropurpurea Griseb. – H CELASTRACEAE Euonymus europaeus L. –P Euonymus latifolius Mill. –P 443 CHENOPODIACEAE Blitum bonus-henricus (L.) Rchb. – H *Chenopodium vulvaria L. – T CISTACEAE *Cistus creticus L. subsp. creticus – C Fumana arabica (L.) Spach – C *Fumana thymifolia (L.) Webb – C Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. subsp. nummularium – C *Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill. – T COLCHICACEAE Colchicum graecum K.M. Perss. – G, endemic *Colchicum parnassicum Sartori, Orph. & Heldr. ex Boiss. – G, endemic CONVOLVULACEAE *Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. subsp. sepium – H *Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. – H *Convolvulus arvensis L. – H, G *Convolvulus cantabrica L. – C *Convolvulus elegantissimus Mill. – H *Convolvulus oleifolius Desr. in Lam. – C Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. subsp. kotschyi (Des Moul.) Arcang. – T CORNACEAE Cornus mas L. – P CRASSULACEAE Phedimus stellatus (L.) Raf. – T *Sedum acre L. – H, C *Sedum album L. – C Sedum amplexicaule DC. subsp. tenuifolium (Sm.) Greuter in Greuter & Raus – C, H *Sedum cepaea L. – T Sedum dasyphyllum L. – H Sedum hispanicum L. – H, C Sedum laconicum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. laconicum – H, endemic Sedum magellense Ten. subsp. olympicum (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – C Sedum ochroleucum Chaix in Vill. – H *Sedum rubens L. – T Sedum urvillei DC. – H Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb. subsp. marmoreum – C *Umbilicus luteus (Hudson) Webb & Berthelot –G *Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy – G CUCURBITACEAE *Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich. in Bory – G 444 CYPERACEAE Blysmus compressus (L.) Link – G Carex caryophyllea Latourr. – H Carex distans L. – H *Carex divisa Huds – G *Carex elata All. – H Carex flacca Schreb. subsp. serrulata (Spreng.) Greuter in Greuter & Rech. f. – G *Carex humilis Leyss. – H Carex liparocarpos Gaudin – G Carex leporina L. – H Carex otrubae Podp. – H Carex pallescens L. – H Carex paniculata L. – H *Carex pendula Huds. – H Carex remota L. – H Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. – G Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják – G DIOSCOREACEAE *Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin – H DIPSACACEAE *Cephalaria flava (Sibth. & Sm.) Szabó subsp. setulifera (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kokkini in Strid & Tan – H, endemic *Cephalaria transsylvanica (L.) Roem. & Schult. –T *Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. subsp. integrifolia – T Knautia magnifica Boiss. & Orph. in Orph. – H *Lomelosia argentea (L.) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – H *Lomelosia brachiata (Sm.) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – T *Lomelosia crenata (Cirillo) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus subsp. crenata – C Pterocephalus perennis Coult. subsp. perennis – C, endemic *Scabiosa atropurpurea L. – H Scabiosa ochroleuca L. – H Scabiosa taygetea Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. taygetea – H Scabiosa tenuis Spruner ex Boiss. – T EBENACEAE Diospyros lotus L. – P ERICACEAE *Arbutus andrachne L. – P *Arbutus unedo L. – P EUPHORBIACEAE *Euphorbia amygdaloides L. subsp. heldreichii J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 (Boiss.) Aldén in Strid – C, H *Euphorbia chamaesyce L. – T *Euphorbia characias L. – H *Euphorbia deflexa Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H, endemic *Euphorbia glabriflora Vis. – C *Euphorbia helioscopia L. – T Euphorbia herniariifolia Willd. – H *Euphorbia hirsuta L. – H *Euphorbia myrsinites L. subsp. myrsinites – H, C Euphorbia seguieriana Neck. subsp. niciciana (Bordás ex Novák) Rech. f. – H FABACEAE *Anthyllis hermanniae L. subsp. hermanniae – C Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. bulgarica (Sagorski) Cullen – H Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. pulchella (Vis.) Bornm. – H Astragalus angustifolius Lam. subsp. erinaceus (C. Presl) Brullo, Giusso & Musarella – C, endemic Astragalus depressus L. subsp. depressus – H *Astragalus glycyphyllos L. subsp. glyciphylloides (DC.) Maire & Petitm. – H Astragalus glycyphyllos L. subsp. glycyphyllos – H *Astragalus hamosus L. – T Astragalus lacteus Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – C Astragalus mayeri Micevski – C *Astragalus monspessulanus L. subsp. monspessulanus – H Astragalus rumelicus Bunge – C Astragalus sempervirens Lam. subsp. cephalonicus (C. Presl) Asch. & Graebn. – C, endemic Astragalus thracicus Griseb. subsp. parnassi (Boiss.) Strid – C *Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. – H Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link subsp. hirsutus – C *Colutea arborescens L. subsp. arborescens – P *Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W.D.J. Koch – T Dorycnium herbaceum Vill. – H *Dorycnium hirsutum (L.) Ser. in DC. – H, C Genista millii Heldr. ex Boiss. – C, endemic Hippocrepis comosa L. – H Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Greuter & Burdet ex Lassen *Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) Savi – T *Lathyrus aphaca L. – T *Lathyrus cicera L. – T Lathyrus digitatus (M. Bieb.) Fiori in Fiori & Paol. – H *Lathyrus grandiflorus Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H *Lathyrus latifolius L. subsp. heterophyllus (L.) Asmussen – H Lathyrus laxiflorus (Desf.) Kuntze – H *Lathyrus niger (L.) Bernh. – H J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Lathyrus pratensis L. – H *Lathyrus saxatilis (Vent.) Vis. – T *Lathyrus setifolius L. – T *Lens nigricans (M. Bieb.) Godr. – T *Lotus angustissimus L. – T *Lotus conimbricensis Brot. – T Lotus corniculatus L. – H *Lotus preslii Ten. – H *Lotus tenuis Willd. – H *Medicago arabica (L.) Huds. – T *Medicago disciformis D.C. – T Medicago lupulina L. – T *Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. – C *Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal. – T Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. – H *Onobrychis alba (Waldst. & Kit.) Desv. subsp. pentelica (Hausskn.) Nyman – H *Onobrychis ebenoides Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss – H, endemic *Teline monspessulana (L.) K. Koch – P *Trifolium pallidum Waldst. & Kit. – T *Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. – G Trifolium parnassi Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss – C, endemic Trifolium physodes M. Bieb. – H Trifolium pignantii Fauché & Chaub. in Bory – G *Trifolium pratense L. – H *Trifolium purpureum Loisel. – T Trifolium repens L. – H *Trifolium scabrum L. – T *Trifolium stellatum L. – T *Trifolium suffocatum L. – T *Trifolium trichopterum Pančić – T *Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. subsp. balansae (Boiss. & Reut.) Lassen in Greuter & Raus – T *Vicia angustifolia L. – T *Vicia bithynica (L.) L. – T Vicia cretica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – T *Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray – T Vicia laeta Ces. in Friedr. – T Vicia lathyroides L. – T *Vicia serratifolia Jacq. – T *Vicia tenuifolia Roth – H *Vicia villosa Roth subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P.W. Ball – T *Vicia villosa Roth subsp. microphylla (d’Urv.) P.W. Ball – T *Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) Corb. – T FAGACEAE *Castanea sativa Mill. – P Quercus coccifera L. – P *Quercus frainetto Ten. – P *Quercus ilex L. – P 445 *Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. subsp. polycarpa (Schur) Soó – P *Quercus pubescens Willd. – P *Quercus robur L. subsp. pedunculiflora (K. Koch) Menitsky – P FUMARIACEAE Corydalis blanda Scott subsp. parnassica (Orph. & Heldr.) Lidén – G, endemic Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. subsp. incisa Lidén – G GENTIANACEAE *Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. subsp. perfoliata – T *Centaurium erythraea Rafn. subsp. erythraea – T, H Gentiana asclepiadea L. – H Gentiana lutea L. – H Gentianopsis ciliata (L.) G. Mans. – H GERANIACEAE Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. in Aiton – T, H *Geranium aristatum Freyn & Sint. – G Geranium asphodeloides Burm. f. subsp. asphodeloides – H *Geranium columbinum L. – T *Geranium lanuginosum Lam. – T, H *Geranium lucidum L. – T *Geranium macrorrhizum L. – G Geranium macrostylum Boiss. – H *Geranium molle L. – T Geranium purpureum Vill. – T Geranium pusillum Burm. f. – T *Geranium pyrenaicum Burm. f. – H Geranium robertianum L. – T Geranium rotundifolium L. – T Geranium subcaulescens L’Hér. ex DC. – G *Geranium sylvaticum L. – G *Geranium tuberosum L. – G HIPPOCASTANACEAE *Aesculus hippocastanum L. – P HYACINTHACEAE *Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. – G *Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. – G Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. – G *Ornithogalum brevistylum Wolfner – G *Ornithogalum montanum Ten. – G *Ornithogalum nutans L. – G Ornithogalum oligophyllum E.D. Clarke – G *Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter in Greuter & Rech. f. Scilla subnivalis (Halácsy) Speta – G, endemic HYPERICACEAE Hypericum barbatum Jacq. – H 446 *Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. – C *Hypericum perfoliatum L. – H *Hypericum perforatum L. – H Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) N. Robson. & Strid in Strid – H *Hypericum spruneri Boiss. – H *Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra – G IRIDACEAE Crocus nivalis Bory & Chaub. – G, endemic *Crocus olivieri J. Gay subsp. olivieri – G Crocus veluchensis Herb. – G Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G JUGLANDACEAE Juglans regia L. – P JUNCACEAE Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix subsp. alpinoarticulatus – G Juncus articulatus L. – G Juncus effusus L. – H, G Juncus inflexus L. – H, G Juncus minutulus V. Krecz. & Gontsch. – G Juncus thomasii Ten. – G *Luzula forsteri (Sm.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – H Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. – H Luzula spicata (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. subsp. pindica (Hausskn.) Gamisans – H Luzula sudetica (Willd.) DC. in Lam. & DC. – H Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin subsp. sylvatica – H LAMIACEAE Acinos alpinus (L.) Moench subsp. meridionalis (Nyman) P.W. Ball – H Acinos graveolens (M. Bieb.) Link –T, H *Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. subsp. chia (Schreb.) Arcang. – H *Ajuga orientalis L. subsp. orientalis – H Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth. – C Betonica alopecuros L. – H *Calamintha grandiflora (L.) Moench – H *Calamintha incana (Sm.) Boiss. in Heldr. – C *Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi subsp. glandulosa (Req.) P.W. Ball – H *Clinopodium vulgare L. subsp. orientale Bothmer – H *Lamium amplexicaule L. – T *Lamium garganicum L. subsp. garganicum – H Lamium garganicum L. subsp. striatum (Sm.) Hayek – H *Marrubium peregrinum L. – H Marrubium velutinum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. velutinum – H, endemic *Marrubium vulgare L. – H J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 *Melissa officinalis L. subsp. altissima (Sm.) Arcang. – H *Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. albida (Guss.) P.W. Ball – H *Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. longifolia – H *Mentha spicata L. subsp. condensata (Briq.) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus – H Micromeria cremnophila Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. cremnophila – C *Micromeria graeca (L.) Rchb. subsp. graeca – C Micromeria juliana (L.) Rchb. – C *Micromeria nervosa (Desf.) Benth. – C Nepeta nuda L. subsp. nuda – H Nepeta spruneri Boiss. – H *Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) A. Terracc. – H, G Origanum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare – H, G Phlomis fruticosa L. – P Prunella laciniata (L.) L. – H Prunella vulgaris L. – H Salvia argentea L. – H *Salvia fruticosa Mill. – P Salvia ringens Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – H Salvia sclarea L. – H *Salvia verbenaca L. – H *Satureja thymbra L. – C *Scutellaria columnae All. subsp. columnae – H *Scutellaria rupestris Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. adenotricha (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter & Burdet in Greuter & Raus *Sideritis curvidens Stapf – T *Sideritis montana L. subsp. remota (d’Urv.) P.W. Ball – T *Sideritis purpurea Talbot ex Benth. – T Sideritis raeseri Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. subsp. raeseri – H Stachys germanica L. subsp. germanica – H Stachys germanica L. subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Hayek – H Stachys germanica L. subsp. penicillata (Boiss.) Nyman – H Stachys tymphaea Hausskn. – H Teucrium capitatum L. subsp. capitatum – C Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys – C *Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. subsp. divaricatum – C *Teucrium divaricatum Heldr. subsp. graecum (Čelak.) Bornm. – C *Teucrium flavum L. subsp. hellenicum Rech. f. – C, endemic *Teucrium flavum L. subsp. gymnocalyx Rech. f. – H, endemic Teucrium montanum L. subsp. montanum – C *Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. – C *Thymbra spicata L. – C J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Thymus hartvigii R. Morales subsp. hartvigii – C, endemic Thymus leucotrichus Halácsy subsp. leucotrichus – C Thymus longicaulis C. Presl subsp. chaubardii (Rchb. f.) Jalas – C *Thymus longicaulis C.Presl subsp. longicaulis – C *Thymus parnassicus Halácsy – C Thymus teucrioides Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. subsp. teucrioides – C LAURACEAE Laurus nobilis L. – P LILIACEAE Fritillaria graeca Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. – G Fritillaria mutabilis Kamari in Strid & Tan – G, endemic Fritillaria thessala (Boiss.) Kamari in Strid & Tan subsp. thessala – G, endemic Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G Gagea fragifera Vill. ex Ehr. Bayer & G. López – G *Gagea graeca (L.) Irmisch – G Gagea villosa (M. Bieb.) Sweet – G Lilium chalcedonicum L. – G *Lilium martagon L. – G *Tulipa australis Link – G LINACEAE *Linum bienne Mill. – T, H Linum catharticum L. – T, H Linum elegans Spruner ex Boiss. – C Linum punctatum C. Presl in J. Presl & C. Presl subsp. pycnophyllum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Gustavsson – H *Linum strictum L. subsp. spicatum (Pers.) Nyman – T *Linum tenuifolium L. – H LORANTHACEAE *Loranthus europaeus Jacq. – P LYTHRACEAE Lythrum portula (L.) D.A. Webb – T *Lythrum salicaria L. – H Lythrum thymifolia L. – T MALVACEAE *Alcea biennis Winterl – H *Malva moschata L. – H Malva neglecta Wallr. – T *Malva sylvestris L. – T, Η MORINACEAE Morina persica L. – H 447 MYRTACEAE *Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis – P OLEACEAE Fraxinus excelsior L. – P *Fraxinus ornus L. – P *Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea – P Phillyrea latifolia L. ONAGRACEAE Epilobium angustifolium L. – H Epilobium dodonaei Vill. –H Epilobium gemmascens C.A. Mey. – H Epilobium hirsutum L. – H Epilobium lanceolatum Sebast. & Mauri – H Epilobium montanum L. – H Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. – H ORCHIDACEAE Anacamptis boryi (Rchb. f.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase – G, endemic Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase subsp. laxiflora – G Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase subsp. caucasica (K. Koch) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. – G Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. – G Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce – G Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch – G Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich. – G Dactylorhiza baumanniana J. Hölz. & Künkele subsp. baumanniana – G Dactylorhiza cordigera (Fr.) Soó subsp. pindica (B. Willing & E. Willing) H. Baumann & R. Lorenz – G Dactylorhiza iberica (Willd.) Soó – G Dactylorhiza romana (Sebast.) Soó – G Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soó – G Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó – G Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser – G Epipactis greuteri H. Baumann & Künkele – G Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz subsp. helleborine Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. – G Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz – G Epipactis persica (Soó) Hausskn. ex Nannf. – G Epipactis subclausa Robatsch – G Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton – G Gymnadenia rhellicani (Teppner & E. Klein) Teppner & E. Klein – G Himantoglossum jankae Somlyay, Kreutz & Óvári Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. – G Neotinea lactea (Poir.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase – G Neotinea maculata (Desf.) Steam – G Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M. Bateman, Prid448 geon & M.W. Chase – G Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. – G Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. – G *Ophrys helenae Renz – G Ophrys lutea Cav. subsp. galilaea (H. Fleischm. & Bornm.) Soó – G *Ophrys lutea Cav. subsp. lutea – G Ophrys reinholdii H. Fleischm. subsp. reinholdii – G Ophrys scolopax Cav. subsp. cornuta (Steven) E.G. Camus – G Ophrys speculum Link subsp. speculum – G Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. epirotica (Renz) Gölz & H.R. Reinhard – G Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. mammosa (Desf.) Soô ex E. Nelson – G Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. sphegodes – G Ophrys sphegodes Mill. subsp. spruneri (Nyman) E. Nelson – G Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. – G *Orchis italica Poir. In Lam. & al. – G Orchis mascula (L.) L. subsp. mascula – G Orchis pallens L. – G Orchis provincialis Balb. ex Lam. & DC. – G Orchis purpurea Huds. – G Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten. – G Orchis simia Lam. – G Orchis spitzelii Saut. ex W.D.J. Koch subsp. spitzelii – G Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. in Mössler subsp. chlorantha – G Serapias bergonii E.G. Camus – G Serapias vomeracea (Burm. f.) Briq. – G Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. – G OROBANCHACEAE *Bellardia latifolia (L.) Cuatrec. subsp. latifolia – T *Bellardia trixago (L.) All. – T *Bellardia viscosa (L.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. – T Euphrasia liburnica Wettst. – T Euphrasia minima DC. in Lam & DC. – T Euphrasia pectinata Ten. – T Euphrasia salisburgensis Hoppe – T *Odontites linkii Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – G, endemic *Rhinanthus pubescens (Sternec) Soó – T, endemic Pedicularis graeca Bunge –H Rhynchocorys elephas (L.) Griseb. subsp. elephas – H PAEONIACEAE Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill. – G PAPAVERACEAE *Papaver rhoeas L. – T J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 PARNASSIACEAE Parnassia palustris L. – H PLANTANGINACEAE Plantago argentea Chaix – H *Plantago bellardii All. – T Plantago holosteum Scop. – H *Plantago lagopus L. – T Plantago lanceolata L. – H *Plantago major L. – H PLATANACEAE Platanus orientalis L. – P PLUMBAGINACEAE Acantholimon graecum F.K. Mey. – C Armeria canescens (Host) Boiss. in A. DC. – H *Plumbango europaea L. POACEAE *Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P. Beauv. – H Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. calamagrostis – H *Aegilops biuncialis Vis. subsp. biuncialis – T *Aegilops neglecta Bertol. subsp. neglecta – T *Aegilops triuncialis L. subsp. triuncialis – T Agrostis gigantea Roth subsp. gigantea – G Agrostis stolonifera L. subsp. stolonifera – H *Aira elegantissima Schur – T Alopecurus gerardii Vill. subsp. gerardii – G Anthoxanthum odoratum L. – H Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl – H *Arundo donax L. – G, P *Avena barbata Link in Scrad. subsp. barbata – T *Avena fatua L. – T *Avena sterilis L. – T Avenula pubescens (Huds.) Dumort. subsp. pubescens – H Bellardiochloa variegata (Lam.) Kerguélen – H *Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. – T *Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) P. Beauv. – H *Brachypodium retusum (Pers.) P. Beauv. – H, G *Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roem. & Schult. subsp. rupestre – H Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. subsp. sylvaticum – H *Briza humilis M. Bieb. – T *Briza maxima L. – T *Briza media L. subsp. elatior (Sm.) Rochlena – H *Bromus benekenii (Lange) Trimen – H Bromus cappadocicus Boiss. & Balansa subsp. lacmonicus (Hausskn.) P.M. Sm. – H *Bromus commutatus Schrad. subsp. neglectus (Parl.) P.M. Sm. – T J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 *Bromus fasciculatus C. Presl – T Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. mediterraneus (H. Scholz & F.M. Vázquez) H. Scholz – T *Bromus intermedius Guss. subsp. intermedius – T *Bromus japonicus Thunb. – T Bromus lanceolatus Roth – T *Bromus madritensis L. subsp. hausknechtii (Boiss.) H. Scholz – T *Bromus ramosus Huds. – H Bromus riparius Rehmann – H *Bromus scoparius L. – T Bromus squarrosus L. subsp. squarrosus – T *Bromus sterilis L. – T *Bromus tectorum L. – T Calamagrostis varia (Shrad.) Host subsp. varia – H *Catopodium rigidum (L.) C.E. Hubb. in Dony – T *Chrysopogon gryllus (L.) Trin. – H *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. – G Cynosurus cristatus L. – H Cynosurus echinatus L. – T *Cynosurus effusus Link in Schrad. – T *Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth.) Nyman – H *Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy –T Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. cespitosa – H Festuca alfrediana Foggi & Signorini – H Festuca jeanpertii (St.-Yves) Markgr. in Hayek subsp. jeanpertii – H, endemic Festuca polita (Halácsy) Tzvelev subsp. polita – H Festuca rubra L. subsp. junkea (Hack.) Soó – H Festuca valesiaca Gaudin subsp. valesiaca – H *Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thellung Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br. – T Helictochloa aetolica (Rech. f.) Romero Zarco – H Helictochloa compressa (Heuff.) Romero Zarco – H *Helictotrichon convolutum (C. Presl.) Henrard – H Holcus lanatus L. subsp. lanatus – H *Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Harz. – H *Hordeum bulbosum L. – H *Hordeum murinum L. – T Koeleria lobata (M. Bieb.) Roem. & Schult. – H *Lolium multiflorum Lam. – T, H *Lolium perenne L. – H *Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum – T Melica ciliata L. –H *Melica uniflora Retz. – G *Milium vernale M. Bieb. – T Nardus stricta L. – H Phleum alpinum L. – H Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst. – H *Phleum pratense L. – H Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn. – T 449 *Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. subsp. australis – G, H *Piptatherum coerulescens (Desf.) P. Beauv. – H *Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. – C, H *Poa annua L. subsp. annua – T *Poa bulbosa L. subsp. bulbosa – H *Poa bulbosa subsp. pseudoconcinna (Schur) Asch. & Graebn. – H Poa compressa L. – G *Poa nemoralis L. subsp. nemoralis – H Poa pratensis L. subsp. pratensis – G Poa thessala Boiss. & Orph. in Boiss. – H Poa timoleontis Heldr. ex Boiss. – H *Poa trivialis L. subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb. – H *Poa trivialis L. subsp. trivialis – H *Psilurus incurvus (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. – T Secale strictum (C. Presl) C. Presl subsp. strictum – T *Sesleria tenerrima (Fritsch) Hayek – H *Stipa holosericea Trin. subsp. holosericea – H Stipa pulcherrima K. Koch subsp. crassiculmis (P.A. Smirn.) Tzvelev – H *Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski subsp. crinitum (Schreb.) Melderis – T Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. splendens (C. Presl) Arcang. – H *Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. tenue (Formánek) Strid in Strid & Tan – H *Vulpia ciliata Dumort. subsp. ciliata – T *Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees – T *Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. – T POLYGALACEAE Polygala alpestris Rchb. subsp. croatica (Chodat) Hayek – H *Polygala monspeliaca L. – T Polygala nicaeensis W.D.J. Koch in Röhl. subsp. mediterranea Chodat – H Polygala vulgaris L. – H POLYGONACEAE *Polygonum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. – T Polygonum aviculare L. – T Rumex acetosella L. subsp. acetoselloides (Balansa) Nijs – H *Rumex conglomeratus Murray – H Rumex kerneri Borbás – H Rumex nebroides Campd. – H Rumex patientia L. – H Rumex pulcher L. subsp. pulcher – H *Rumex scutatus L. – C *Rumex tuberosus L. subsp. tuberosus – G PORTULACACEAE *Portulaca oleracea aggr. – T 450 PRIMULACEAE *Anagallis arvensis L. – T, H *Cyclamen graecum Link subsp. graecum – G *Cyclamen hederifolium Sol. ex Aiton – G *Lysimachia atropurpurea L. – T *Lysimachia punctata L. – H Lysimachia serpyllifolia Schreb. – C, endemic Primula veris L. subsp. veris – H Samolus valerandi L. – H RAFFLESIACEAE *Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L. subsp. hypocistis – G RANUNCULACEAE Actaea spicata L. – G Anemone apennina L. subsp. blanda (Schott & Kotschy) Nyman – G *Anemone coronaria L. – G Caltha palustris L. – H *Clematis flammula L. – P Clematis vitalba L. – P Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur – T *Ficaria verna Huds. subsp. ficariiformis (F.W. Schultz) B. Walln. – G Helleborus odorus Waldst. & Kit. subsp. cyclophyllus (A. Braun) Maire & Petitm. – G Myosurus minimus L. – T *Nigella damascena L. – T Ranunculus arvensis L. – T Ranunculus brevifolius Ten. Ranunculus brutius Ten. – G *Ranunculus gracilis E.D. Clarke – H Ranunculus lateriflorus DC. – T *Ranunculus paludosus Poir. – H Ranunculus peltatus Schrank subsp. peltatus – Α Ranunculus psilostachys Griseb. – H Ranunculus sartorianus Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G Ranunculus serbicus Vis. – G Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix in Vill. – T, H Ranunculus velutinus Ten. – H Thalictrum aquilegifolium L. – G Thalictrum minus L. subsp. saxatile DC. ex Ces. in Cattaneo – G Trollius europaeus L. – H RESEDACEAE *Reseda lutea L. subsp. lutea – T, H RHAMNACEAE *Frangula rupestris (Scop.) Schur – P *Paliurus spina-christi Mill. – P *Rhamnus alaternus L. subsp. alaternus – P *Rhamnus alpina L. subsp. fallax (Boiss.) Maire & Petitm. – P J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 *Rhamnus lycioides L.subsp. graeca (Boiss. & Reut.) Tutin – P Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. subsp. prunifolia (Sm.) Aldén in Strid – P ROSACEAE *Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria – H Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. – H Aremonia agrimonioides (L.) DC. subsp. pouzarii Skalický – H Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. – P Cotoneaster tomentosus (Aiton) Lindl. – P *Crataegus heldreichii Boiss. – P *Crataegus monogyna Jacq. – P *Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex M. Bieb. subsp. orientalis – P Filipendula vulgaris Moench – H Fragaria vesca L. – H *Geum urbanum L. – H *Potentilla inclinata Vill. – H Potentilla pedata Wild. – H *Potentilla reptans L. – H Potentilla speciosa Willd. – H *Prunus avium (L.) L. – P Prunus cocomilia Ten. – P *Prunus domestica L. subsp. insititia (L.) Bonnier & Layens – P *Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb – P Prunus mahaleb L. – P Prunus prostrata Labill. – P Prunus spinosa L. subsp. dasyphylla (Schur) Domin – P *Pyrus spinosa Forssk. – P Rosa agrestis Savi – P Rosa arvensis Huds. – P *Rosa canina L. – P *Rosa dumalis Bechst. – P *Rosa gallica L. – C, P Rosa pulverulenta M. Bieb. – P *Rubus caesius L. – P *Rubus canescens DC. – P *Rubus hirtus Waldst. & Kit. – P Rubus idaeus L. – P *Rubus sanctus Schreb. – P *Sanguisorba minor Scop. subsp. balearica (Nyman) Muños Garm. & C. Navarro – H Sanguisorba officinalis L. – H Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz – P *Sorbus domestica L. – P Sorbus umbellata (Desf.) Fritsch in A. Kern subsp. umbellata – P RUBIACEAE Asperula aristata L. f. subsp. condensata (Boiss.) J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Ehrend. & Krendl – H *Asperula boissieri Heldr. ex Boiss. – C, endemic *Asperula chlorantha Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – C *Asperula laevigata L. – H Asperula lutea Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. lutea – C, endemic Asperula oetaea (Boissier) Halácsy – C, endemic *Crucianella angustifolia L. – T *Crucianella graeca Boiss. – T *Crucianella latifolia L. – T Cruciata laevipes Opiz. – H Cruciata pedemontana (Bellardi) Ehrend. – T *Galium aparine L. – T Galium circae Krendl – H, endemic Galium citraceum Boiss. – H, endemic *Galium divaricatum Lam – T Galium hellenicum Krendl – H *Galium incanum Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. incanum – C *Galium intricatum Margot & Reut. – T *Galium murale (L.) All. – T Galium palustre L. – H *Galium rivale (Sm.) Griseb. – H *Galium rotundifolium L. – H *Galium setaceum Lam. – T *Galium spurium L. – T Galium thymifolium Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, endemic Galium verticillatum Danthoine in Lam. – T Galium verum L. subsp. verum – H *Plocama calabrica (L. f.) M. Backlund & Thulin – C, P *Rubia peregrina L. – P *Sherardia arvensis L. – T *Valantia hispida L. – T RUSCACEAE *Ruscus aculeatus L. – G, C RUTACEAE Dictamnus albus L. – H *Ruta graveolens L. – C Ruta montana (L.) L. – C SALICACEAE *Populus nigra L. subsp. nigra – P Populus tremula L. – P *Salix alba L. – P *Salix eleagnos Scop. – P *Salix fragilis L. – P *Salix purpurea L. – P SANTALACEAE Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) M. Bieb. *Osyris alba L. 451 Thesium arvense Horvatovszky *Thesium bergeri Zucc. Thesium divaricatum Mert. & W.D.J. Koch Thesium parnassi A. DC. *Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (Wiesbaur) Abromeit SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifraga adscendens L. subsp. parnassica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek – H Saxifraga exarata Vill. – H Saxifraga paniculata Mill. – H Saxifraga rotundifolia L. subsp. rotundifolia – H Saxifraga scardica Griseb. – C Saxifraga sempervirum K. Koch – C Saxifraga tridactylites L. SMILACAEAE *Smilax aspera L. – T SCROPHULARIACEAE Limosella aquatica L. – T *Scrophularia canina L. subsp. bicolor (Sm.) Greuter in Greuter & Rech. f. – H *Scrophularia heterophylla Willd. – H Scrophularia laciniata Waldst. & Kit. – H Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe in Pers. – H *Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort. – H Verbascum epixanthinum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H, endemic *Verbascum graecum Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss. – H *Verbascum macrurum Ten. – H Verbascum mallophorum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – G, H *Verbascum pulverulentum Vill. – H *Verbascum sinuatum L. – H Verbascum speciosum Schrad. subsp. megaphlomos (Boiss. & Heldr.) Nyman – H, endemic *Verbascum undulatum Lam. in Lam. & al. – H ULMACEAE *Celtis australis L. – P *Ulmus glabra Huds. – P *Ulmus minor Mill. subsp. minor – P Ulmus procera Salisb. – P URTICACEAE *Parietaria officinalis L. – H *Urtica dioica L. – H *Urtica pilulifera L. – T VALERIANACEAE Centranthus longiflorus Steven subsp. junceus (Boiss. & Heldr.) I. Richardson – H, endemic *Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. subsp. sibthorpii (Boiss.) Hayek – H Valeriana italica Lam. – H Valeriana tuberosa L. – H *Valerianella carinata Loisel. – T *Valerianella microcarpa Loisel. – T VERBENACEAE *Verbena officinalis L. – H *Vitex agnus-castus L. – P TILIACEAE Tilia platyphyllos Scop. – P VERONICACEAE Digitalis ferruginea L. subsp. ferruginea – H *Digitalis laevigata Waldst. & Kit. subsp. graeca (Ivanina) Werner – H *Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Mill. – T Linaria peloponnesiaca Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. *Linaria simplex Desf. – T *Veronica agrestis L. – T *Veronica anagalis-aquatica L. – H, T Veronica arvensis L. – T Veronica beccabunga L. subsp. beccabunga – H Veronica chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedryoides (Bory & Chaub.) M.A. Fisch. in Strid & Tan – H, endemic *Veronica cymbalaria Bodard – T Veronica glauca Sm. subsp. peloponesiaca (Boiss. & Orph.) Maire & Petitm. – T, endemic *Veronica hederifolia L. – T Veronica oetaea Gustavsson, – T, local endemic Veronica orsiniana Ten. subsp. orsiniana – C, H Veronica praecox All. – T Veronica serpyllifolia L. subsp. serpyllifolia – H Veronica thymifolia Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. – C, endemic *Veronica triloba (Opiz) Opiz – T Veronica verna L. – T TYPHACEAE Typha latifolia L. – G VIOLACEAE Viola aetolica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss. – H SOLANACEAE Atropa belladonna L. – H TAMARICACEAE *Tamarix tetrandra Pall. ex M. Bieb. – P THYMELEACEAE Daphne oleoides Schreb. subsp. oleoides – C 452 J. FOR. SCI., 64, 2018 (10): 435–454 Viola alba Besser subsp. dehnhardtii (Ten) W. Becker – H Viola graeca (W. Becker) Halácsy – H, endemic Viola odorata L. – H Viola parvula Tineo – T Viola poetica Boiss. & Spruner in Boiss. – H, endemic Viola reichenbachiana Boreau – H Viola riviniana Rchb. – H Viola sieheana W. Becker – H ZYGOPHYLLACEAE *Tribulus terrestris L. – T Aknowledgement We thank the Region of Sterea Ellada for the economic support of this research. References Braun-Blanquet J. (1964): Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3rd Ed. Wien, Springer-Verlag: 866. Christodoulakis D. (1986): The flora and the vegetation of Samos. [Ph.D. Thesis.] Patras, University of Patras: 383. Dimitrellos G., Christodoulakis D. (1995): The flora of Mount Timfristos (N.W. Sterea Ellas, Greece). Flora Mediterranea, 5: 9–51. Dimopoulos P. (1993): Floricultural and phyto-sociological research of Mount Kιllini ecological approach. [Ph.D. Thesis.] Patras, University of Patras: 400. 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