Megasema Eartheater - Geophagus megasema : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Megasema Eartheater (Geophagus megasema) is exceedingly uncommon in the aquarium hobby and, to date, may not have been commercially available. However, it has been collected, bred, and distributed by a select group of private enthusiasts and collectors. This fish, notable for its serene disposition and alluring appearance, presents an ideal choice for aquarists, particularly those at the beginner level. Although primarily gentle, the Megasema Eartheater may show territorial tendencies towards smaller fish species.
For a harmonious aquarium environment, it is recommended to keep these Eartheaters in a group with similar-sized individuals. Disproportionate growth rates within the group can lead to dominance and intimidation of smaller members. Ideal tank mates include congenial South American Cichlids, sizeable Tetras, and larger Barb species. Other compatible species encompass Red Fin Plecos, Red Spotted Severums, Keyhole Cichlids, and various Catfish varieties.
Despite their penchant for sifting sand, Megasema Eartheater is known to coexist amicably with many bottom-dwelling species, thanks to their inherently calm demeanour. As a gregarious species, the Stripetail Geophagus flourishes in groups of five or more. Given their medium to large adult size, an aquarium with a minimum capacity of 300 litres is advisable. Their habitat should include a deep, soft, sandy substrate to protect their sensitive mouths and gills from abrasion.
Incorporating structural elements like rocks and bogwood provides essential shelter. It’s important to install these elements before adding the substrate to ensure stability and prevent accidental injuries from shifting decor. Due to their digging habits, maintaining a planted aquarium can be challenging, as they may uproot plants. A practical approach involves using potted plants or epiphytic varieties like Anubias and Java Fern, which can be anchored to hardscape features without needing soil.
Effective filtration is crucial for Megasema Eartheaters, especially in a community setup. A robust filtration system, capable of circulating at least five times the aquarium's volume per hour, is necessary to uphold optimal water quality. Regular water changes and vigilant monitoring of water parameters are indispensable for maintaining their health.
Regarding aesthetics, the Megasema Eartheater displays a vivid and captivating colouration when in ideal environmental conditions. This species is further distinguished by a pair of prominent dark spots, one on each side of its body, which significantly contribute to its visual allure.
Megasema Eartheater Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Sexual differentiation in Megasema Eartheaters is challenging to discern until they approach the breeding phase, at which time the distinctions between males and females become more pronounced. Typically, mature males are slightly larger in size and exhibit longer finnage compared to their female counterparts. Additionally, during the spawning period, the female's ovipositor becomes conspicuously visible, aiding in the identification of her sex.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Geophagus megasema |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1840 |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Cichliformes |
| Family | Cichlidae |
| Genus | Geophagus |
| Origins | Bolivia , Brazil |
| Max Size | 18 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Middle |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | NA |
| Best kept as | Groups 5+ |
| Diet & Feeding | Omnivore |
| Reproduction | Mouthbrooder |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 10 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 5.5 - 7.5 |
| GH | 2 - 12 |
| TDS | 18 - 268 |
| ℉ | 72 - 86 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 30 |
Natural Habitat
The Megasema Eartheater species is native to the Rio Guaporé in Mato Grosso, Brazil, with its range predominantly confined to the upper Rio Madeira Basin. Notable sightings and records of this species have been documented within the Río Mamoré and Río Guaporé drainages across both Bolivia and Brazil. In terms of preferred habitats, the Megasema Eartheater is likely to be found in environments akin to those of its related species. These environments typically consist of gently sloping marginal zones characterized by soft substrates, such as bare sand or mud, often located near shores or islands. Depending on the specific locale, additional habitat features may include an array of scattered rocks, submerged tree roots, branches, and leaf litter, all of which provide a natural and conducive environment for these fish.
Breeding
The successful reproduction of the Megasema Eartheater relies significantly on forming breeding pairs. This process is most effectively achieved within a spacious aquarium housing a number of individuals, which facilitates the observation of group dynamics and assists in identifying potential mating pairs through their interactions. Once a pair demonstrates clear signs of bonding, it is essential to transfer them to a dedicated breeding tank, providing a tranquil environment conducive to spawning and the subsequent nurturing of their offspring. Notably, Megasema Eartheaters are mouthbrooders, with the female assuming the role of carrying and caring for the eggs and the fry in her mouth until they reach the stage of independent swimming.
The breeding tank should be appropriately equipped with flat, smooth surfaces, like slate or ceramic tiles, set against a sandy substrate, which is typically preferred by these fish for laying eggs. Their courtship behaviour, involving circling, fin displays, and mouth interactions, leads to the selection and preparation of these surfaces for egg laying. While flat rocks are commonly used, some pairs may opt to clear away sand, revealing the glass bottom of the tank as an alternative spawning site.
Following egg fertilization, both parents initially guard the eggs for approximately one to two days before the female begins mouthbrooding. She carries the developing eggs in her mouth until the fry hatch and is able to swim freely. At this point, removing the parents is recommended to allow the fry to grow independently. Providing the fry with appropriate nutrition is vital for their development. Initial feeding should include specially formulated fry food designed for small fish or live options such as brine shrimp nauplii, microworms, or vinegar eels. As the fry mature, their diet should gradually transition to small, sinking pellets tailored for young Cichlids, ensuring they receive the essential nutrients for robust growth.
Diet & Feeding
The Megasema Eartheater's dietary requirements are distinct within its family, necessitating a specific focus on the size of its food. Adult specimens of this species thrive on smaller portions, underscoring the importance of incorporating small to medium-sized food items into their regular diet. Their innate behaviour of sifting through sand dictates the need for sinking types of food, aligning with their natural foraging habits. This preference makes sinking food types a more suitable choice compared to floating pellets, which are less appropriate for the Megasema Eartheater.
Regarding diet composition, sinking pellets designed for omnivorous fish should form the basis of their nutrition. Being versatile omnivores, Megasema Eartheaters can also enjoy the occasional inclusion of protein-rich foods like bloodworms and brine shrimp. These additions not only provide variety but also enhance the overall nutritional value of their diet. However, it is important to exercise caution when offering them chopped frozen shrimp, ensuring proper preparation to prevent any adverse dietary effects.
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