The quarterly newsletter of the Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi
Vol 2 | Issue 4 (October - December 2021)
Micke Grove Zoo, California, USA
URBAN
GREEN SPACES
Tribute SHRI KAILASH SANKHALA
CONTENTS
Previous Editions
From the desk of the i Member Secretary News & Events 1 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav
3
Zoos as Urban Green Spaces
5
Map of Zoos as Urban Green Spaces
6
in India
Free-ranging species in zoos Sri Sayajibaug Zoo, Vadodara
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Veermata Udyan Zoo, Mumbai
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M.C. Zoological Park, Chhatbir, Punjab
11
Talking Heads 13 Dr Harini Nagendra
Bengal Tiger enclosure
Director, Research Centre
with an urban backdrop.
Professor and Lead, Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability,
© Abhishek Satam,
Azim Premji University Zoo in Focus - International
Cover Credit:
Veermata Jijabai Bhosale 17
Udyan and Zoo, Mumbai
Micke Grove Zoo, California, USA Zoo in Focus - Indian
21
Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Editor Dr S. P. Yadav, IFS
Tribute 24 Shri Kailash Sankhala
Editorial Team Ms. Akanksha Mahajan, IFS
Zoo in History 25 National Zoological Park, New Delhi
Dr. Gowri Mallapur Mr. Lakshminarasimha R Design Ar. Sruthy Boopathy
Dignitaries at the National Conference for Zoo Directors and Veterinarians held at Kevadia, October 10 and 11, 2021
From the desk of the MEMBER SECRETARY Urban green spaces play a key role in maintaining
Zoo in metros form an integral part of the green
sustainable development and the liveability of an
space network and support biodiversity conservation.
area. They act as a haven for flora and fauna in an
Ecosystem services provided by the zoos and urban
otherwise unnatural urban environment thus attracting
green space not only support the ecological integrity
people’s attention. Urban areas face the pressure
of cities, provide “refuge and corridors” for urban
from expanding population, limited availability of
wildlife and also protect the public health of urban
resources and growing impacts of climate change
populations.
and emerging disease outbreaks. The importance of zoological parks in providing There are nearly 150 recognised zoos in the country,
ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration
of which more than 50% are in the urban areas
and storage, biodiversity preservation along with
or its vicinity. In their role as urban green spaces,
recreation, education and research is an important
they improve the quality of urban settings, enhance
consideration in the urban planning paradigm.
local resilience and promote sustainable lifestyles,
Zoos today are geared to work towards promoting
improving both the health and the well-being of urban
a sustainable human existence and aim to create
residents and further work as "Green Lungs".
a composite repository of ecosystem based social, cultural and environmental knowledge and
The policies of the Central Zoo Authority have actively promoted the preservation of existing natural features, vegetation during the development and operation of zoos. There is also a mandatory check on retaining 30% of the zoo area as natural belt or green vegetation. Several large and medium category zoos have sprawling campuses with natural vegetation.
experiences.
S P YADAV Member Secretary Central Zoo Authority
NEWS & Events October 10-11, 2021 National Conference for Zoo Directors and Veterinarians, Kevadia. The National Conference for Zoo Directors and Veterinarians was jointly hosted by the Central Zoo Authority, and the Sardar Patel Zoological Park, Kevadia, Gujarat on October 10 and 11, 2021. The conference was presided over by Shri Bhupender Yadav, Hon’ble Minister, Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Government of India; Shri
Participants and dignitaries at the National Conference for Zoo Directors and Veterinarians, Gujarat, October 10 and 11, 2021
CZA Prani Mitra Awards 2021
Ashwini Kumar Choubey, Hon’ble Minister for State,
The awards are aimed at encouraging zoo
Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Government
professionals in India to continue their selfless service
of India; Shri Kiritsinh Rana, Hon’ble Minister (Forest
to captive animals and to motivate them to maintain
and Environment), Government of Gujarat; and Shri
best practices and reach exemplary standards of
Jagdish Vishwakarma (Panchal), Hon’ble Minister
animal care and welfare.
for State (Forest and Environment), Government of Gujarat.
The winners of the CZA-Prani Mitra Award 2021 were:
Over 100 participants including officials from the
Animal Keeper- Smt Lakhi Devi, Bhagwan Birsa
Wildlife Division (MoEF&CC), Central Zoo Authority,
Biological Park, Ranchi
zoo directors and veterinarians from recognized zoos
Biologist/Educationist- Shri Harpal Singh, M. C.
attended the conference.
Zoological Park, Chhatbir Veterinarian- Dr S Ilayaraja, Agra Bear Rescue
The conference provided a platform to discuss
Facility, Agra
challenges in managing zoos in India and strengthen
Director/Curator- Dr Vibhu Prakash, Vulture
capacity building across various disciplines.
Conservation and Breeding Centre, Pinjore
During the conference, zoos showcased their achievements in various disciplines while deliberating on potential avenues for advancing zoo management in India. The suggestions received during the conference are being used to develop an action plan to streamline the functioning of zoos in the country.
CZA Prani Mitra Award winners 2021 1
December 1-3, 2021 Regional zookeeper training programme on captive management of reptiles at Assam State Zoo, Guwahati. The workshop focussed exclusively to build the capacity of zookeepers on reptile husbandry and 38th Meeting of the Central Zoo Authority
November 16, 2021 38th Meeting of the Central Zoo Authority Shri Bhupender Yadav, Hon’ble Minister MoEF&CC, chaired the 38th annual meeting of the Central Zoo Authority, at Indira Prayavaran Bhawan.
management in zoos. The sessions included an introduction to various species of reptiles, care and management in captivity, environmental enrichment, special considerations for winter management, environmental enrichment and best practices for handling.
November 24-26, 2021 Regional Zookeeper training programme on captive management of animals at Nandankanan Zoological Park, Odisha The regional workshop for zookeepers was attended by 25 zookeepers from 16 zoos in Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. The workshop, through a series of expert sessions and hands-on training, provided the participants with both theoretical and practical know-how on captive animal management. The sessions covered aspects pertaining to the basic biology of species, identification and marking of species, environmental enrichment, best practices for handling animals, and animal record keeping.
Regional zookeeper training workshop at Assam State Zoo, Guwahati, Assam.
Publications
संररण का संकक एक जन भागीदारी Conservation Collective
Report
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
for Zoo Directors and Veterinarians 2021
October 10-11, 2021 Sardar Patel Zoological Park, Kevadia, Gujarat
IZY B INDIAN ZOO Y EAR BOOK
W inter Management for Reptiles in Indian Zoos December 2021
2021 VOLUME IX
Regional zookeeper training workshop at Nanadankan Biological park, Odisha. 2
AZADI Ka Amrit Mahotsav
Compiled by:
Conservation to co-existence: The People Connect
Senior Research Fellow, CZA.
Arundhati Mohanty
September 27th - December 31st 2021 Photos: Credit to the rightful owners for pictures used.
Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis) and Ambardi Safari Park, Amreli, Gujarat Dr. Sumit Dookia, Assistant Professor, GGS Indraprastha University, Delhi Dr. Anshuman Sharma IFS, DCF, Ambardi Safari Park
Week 30
The talk provided an overview of species biology and threats to Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis) and highlighted the infrastructure and facilities of Ambardi Safari Park.
Greater Flamingo (Phenicopterus roseus) & Sri Sayajibaug Zoo, Vadodra, Gujarat Dr. Goldin Quadros, Principal Scientist, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural Science Zoos in focus for the Weeks 30 to 42
Dr. Pratyush Patankar, Curator, Sri Sayajibaug Zoo
©Google Earth
The outreach campaign, Conservation to Coexistence: the people connect was initiated by the Central Zoo Authority as part of the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations of Government of India. The aim is to create awareness about the natural history of 75 conservation priority species and 75
Week 31
Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indicus) & Indroda Nature Park, Gandhinagar, Gujarat Dr. Sujit Narwade, Scientist, Bombay Natural History Society
zoos across India. The campaign has completed 42
Ms. Vibha Goswami, Deputy Director, Indroda Nature Park
weeks as of December 2021, with over 1600 hours of outreach activities. Public engagement was taken up by the zoos-in-focus every week with guided tours, rallies, expert talks, awareness drives, and different competitions. The ‘Know your species, Know your zoo’ weekly
Week 32
Dr. Dhanashree Paranjpe, Department of Biodiversity, Abasaheb Garware College
covered 42 species of conservation priority across 6 biogeographic zones. Experts and zoo directors have
Mr. Rajiv Garg, Inspector and Officer-in-charge, Mini Zoo, Pipli
delivered talks on species biology and the zoos. The previous issue of the newsletter [Volume 2, Issue 3] includes information on the talks held from week 1 to 29. Following a summary of the talks on the species-
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The talk provided an overview of ecosystem services provided by the species and threats to Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indicus) and overview of the zoo and its facilities of Indroda Nature Park.
Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) & Mini Zoo, Pipli, Haryana
talk organized by the CZA Secretariat till now, has
in- focus and the zoo- in- focus from Week 30 to 42.
The talk provided an overview of habitat specificity, distribution, behavioural biology and threats to Greater Flamingo (Phenicopterus roseus) and highlighted history, objectives, and future plans of Sri Sayajibaug Zoo.
Week 33
The talk provided an overview of the close association of the species with human habitation, co-existence and threats to the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities of Mini Zoo, Pipli.
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) & Rohtak Zoo, Rohtak, Haryana
Week 34
Dr. Anukul Nath, Assistant Technical Officer, WII-UNESCO C2C Centre Mr. Shiv Singh, DFO, Officer-in-charge, Rohtak Zoo The talk provided an overview of species biology and global status of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities and future plans of Rohtak Zoo, Rohtak
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) & Patiala Zoo, Sular, Punjab Dr. K. Sankar, Former Director, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History
Week 35
Dr. H.N Kumara, Principal Scientist, Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural Science Mr. A.C. Tilak ACF and Deputy Director, Biological Park, Chidiyatapu
Week 39
Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and Madras Crocodile Bank Trust/Centre for Herpetology, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu Dr. Gopi G.V., Scientist-E, Wildlife Institute of India
The talk provided an overview of species biology and behaviour of the Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities at Patiala Zoo.
Mr. Nikhil Whitaker Curator, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust/Centre for Herpetology
Dr. Girish Jathar, Deputy Director, Srushti Conservation Foundation Ms. Kalpana K IFS, Director, Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park
Week 40
Dr. Chittaranjan Dave, Assistant Professor (Zoology), Government Science College, Gujarat
Dr. Shailendra Singh, Director-India Program, Turtle Survival Alliance Mr. R. Gowtham, IFS DFO(Salem), and Officer in charge, Kurumbapatti Zoological Park.
Week 41
The talk provided an overview of species biology and threats of Indian Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities at Kurumbapatti Zoological Park.
Common Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) & Zoological Garden, Alipore, Kolkata Dr. Varad Giri, Head Scientist, Reliance Foundation
Mr. Swarn Singh, DGO (Territorial) & Officer in charge, Mini Zoo cum Deer Park, Bhatinda
Mr. Asis Kumar Samanta IFS CCF & Director, Zoological Garden, Alipore
The talk provided an overview of species biology and ecology of Spotted Deer (Axis axis) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities at Mini Zoo cum Deer Park, Bhatinda.
Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) & Ludhiana Zoo, Ludhiana, Punjab
The talk provided an overview of species biology, research gaps and ecology of Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and highlighted history, infrastructure and activities at Madras Crocodile Bank Trust/Centre for Herpetology.
Indian Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) & Kurumbapatti Zoological Park, Salem, Tamil Nadu
The talk provided an overview of species biology and life history of Barn Owl (Tyto alba) and Indian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bengalensis) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities at Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park.
Spotted Deer (Axis axis) & Mini Zoo cum Deer Park, Bir Talab, Bhatinda, Punjab
Week 37
The talk provided an overview on species biology and & the impact the 2004 tsunami on the population of Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Mr. Arun Kumar, DFO, Patiala Zoo
Barn Owl (Tyto alba) and Indian Eagle-Owl (Bubo bengalensis) and Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park, Chhatbir, Punjab
Week 36
Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) and Biological Park, Chidiyatapu, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar.
Week 42
The talk provided an overview of species ecology and the need for further research and scientific studies on the Common Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities at Zoological Garden, Alipore.
Mr. Shashank Dalvi, Wildlife Biologist, Thackeray Wildlife Foundation Mr. Neeraj Kumar, DFO (Wildlife) and Officer-in-charge, Ludhiana Zoo
Week 38
The talk provided an overview of species biology and ecology of Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and highlighted infrastructure and facilities at Ludhiana Zoo.
Week 43
Week 44
Week 45 4
Zoos as
URBAN GREEN SPACES Mr. Lakshminarasimha R, Scientific Officer, CZA Ar. Sruthy Boopathy, Conservation Design Intern, CZA
As towns and cities expand to cater the needs of urbanisation, they reduce and modify wildlife habitats and impede their movement. To address this, habitat
Carbon sequestration potential of zoos represented in tonnes/hectare
and species conservation are often integrated into planning and developing urban areas. Recently, there
of major cities. The area of these zoos ranges
is an increased emphasis on the value of urban green
from 0.4 - 1254.71 hectares. As mandated by the
spaces to support species conservation in addition to
Recognition of Zoo Rules, 2009, at least 30% of the
their role in enriching the wellbeing of residents.
zoo area is designated to be maintained as green belt and natural vegetation. Accounting for this,
Urban green spaces typically include green patches
there are 36 zoos in Municipal Corporation limits
in human-dominated landscapes (e.g., cities, towns
with a green area of 10 hectares or higher. On an
etc) including trees, shrubs, lawns, and pervious
average, zoo area constitutes around 1.27% of the
soils, where humans are the main drivers of their
city area (average does not include Sri Venkateshwara
types, amounts, and distribution. Urban green spaces
Zoological Park which has an exceptionally high
provide aesthetic enjoyment and create a pleasant
(>45%) city area to zoo area ratio). Studies, such
environment for various outdoor activities. They offer
as this, indicates that the carbon storage potential
an experience of nature in the middle of urban life
of green spaces can be up to 38 tonnes of CO2
and have immense educational value. Contact with
per hectare. Based on this, it can be conservatively
trees, especially for children, promotes learning about
estimated that the 36 zoos in municipal corporation
nature and natural processes in an otherwise artificial
cumulatively sequester around 2,70,000 tonnes of
environment. They also act as carbon sinks which is
CO2 (range 1360 – 47678 tonnes).
relevant to climate change mitigation. In addition to the active role zoos play in ex situ A majority of zoos across India are located near or
conservation, the zoo premises provide visitors
in urban areas. These zoo premises are inhabited
nature’s relief, sequester carbon, and serve as
by native and free-living species (i.e., those that are
important habitats for flora and fauna in urban
found within the zoos premises but are not actively
areas. By virtue of intensive conservation-oriented
kept in the zoo collection). Of the 147 zoos (as of
management, zoos in India which are situated
December 2021) recognised by CZA, more than
proximate to cities emphatically emphasise their role
90 zoos are within Municipal Corporation limits
as urban green spaces.
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SRI SAYAJIBAUG ZOO VADODARA Aerial view of Vadodra city and its surrounding landscape
©Google Earth
URBAN Green Spaces
An Abode of Urban Wildlife Text: Dr. Pratyush Patankar, Curator, Sri Sayajibaug Zoo, Vadodara Photos: Mr Manav Mehta (Education Officer, Sri Sayajibaug Zoo, Vadodara), Mr Deep Raval and Mr Dhaval Devaliya Public garden adjoining Sri Sayajibaug Zoo
Sri Sayajibaug Zoo situated in the heart of Vadodara
The zoo, garden and the surrounding natural
city, is a medium category zoo recognized by CZA. It
landscape of the river Vishwamitri has a rich
is governed by the Vadodara Municipal Corporation.
assemblage of flora and fauna.
The zoo and the adjoining garden is spread over an area of around 100 acres thereby acting as a major
Sri Sayajibaug Zoo spans an area of around 45 acres
green space of the city.
of the entire complex. More than 70% of the total zoo area is green space with gardens and natural
The zoo and the garden were established in 1879
vegetation. Apart from the animals housed in the
on the bank of river Vishwamitri. This site was chosen
zoo, the campus is also inhabited by a large number
by the erstwhile ruler of the then Baroda state HH.
of free-ranging “urban wildlife”. With increasing
Shrimant Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. The
urbanization and change in the land use patterns in
Maharaja engaged renowned horticulturists and zoo
the city has resulted in green spaces amidst cities
curators from Europe who brought the Maharaja’s
acting as the sole refuge for urban wildlife. The
dream into reality.
campus of Sri Sayajibaug Zoo is one such green
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space in the city and is an abode to the urban wildlife. The Vishwamitri river that flows through the zoo campus has a growing population of Marsh Crocodile. The city as such sets a unique example of the peaceful coexistence of humans and wildlife, wherein an apex carnivore like Marsh Crocodile is thriving in a densely populous city. While taking a stroll in the zoo, the visitors are
Indian Peafowl and Great Egret in the Sri Sayajibaug Zoo Campus
welcomed by the free-ranging Indian Peafowl and
are an orchestra of crickets, moths, amphibians and
Hanuman Langur which are resident faunal species of
geckos. The fruiting trees in the campus are visited by
the zoo campus. A watchful visitor can also catch a
the Indian Flying Fox and other small fruit bats. The
glimpse of two species of mongoose viz. the Common
light posts care frequented by insectivorous bats.
Grey Mongoose and the Small Indian Mongoose. Watchful of the mongoose, the activity of Bengal
During winters, a good number of crocodiles can be
Monitor Lizard and Rat Snake can also be spotted,
seen basking along the river banks from points in the
but rarely. The free-ranging fauna of the zoo accounts
zoo area. Often sighted alongside turtle species viz.
for 16 species of mammals, over 50 species of birds,
the Indian Flapshell Turtle and the Ganges Softshell
21 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians and
Turtle which inhabit of the river.
numerous species of butterflies, insects and land molluscs.
Zoos within the city like Sri Sayajibaug Zoo, Vadodara are important green spaces in the city. As they
Visitors with a keen interest in bird watching could
become the city’s green lung and carbon sink, they
easily spot the loud and vocal species like Indian
are identified as the ‘Abode’ of urban wildlife.
Grey Hornbill, Black-rumped Flameback, Kingfishers, Bee Eaters, Rufous Treepie. Occassionally one could also catch a glimpse of a few canopy species like Warblers, Coppersmith Barbet and Yellow-footed Green-Pigeon. A keen visitor with a sharp eyesight could look for Babblers and Bush-Warblers in the bushes. As the day comes to an end, the diurnal species resort to their shelters and as the zoo creeps under the cover of darkness, the nocturnal species emerge from their homes. During a night patrol one can encounter small mammals like the Small Indian Civet, Palm Civet, Porcupines and Shrews. Not to mention rats are the unwelcomed inhabitants of thezoo. The nocturnal bird species includes Owls, Night-Heron and Red-wattled Lapwing. The zoo has a thriving population of Spotted Owlet and Barn Owl. At some locations, even the Eurasian Scops Owl might be sighted or heard. The nights at the zoo
Black Crowned Night-Heron, Red-naped Ibis, Gray Langur, Mugger, Barn Owl, Pied Kingfisher 8
VEERMATA UDYAN ZOO, MUMBAI URBAN Green Spaces
Aerial view of Veermata Udyan Zoo and surrounding landscape
©Google Earth
HAVEN for nature enthusiasts Text: Dr. Dipika Valsarajan (Veterinary Officer) Photos: Mr. Abhishek N. Satam (Biologist) Veermata Udyan Zoo, Mumbai
‘Green Lung’ for not only Mumbaikars, but also for
Veermata Udyan Zoo, familiarly known as Ranichi
Indian Palm Squirrel and the squeaky Indian Flying
Baug or Mumbai Zoo is one of the oldest zoos in
Foxes roosting on the huge Rain Trees and Buddha’s
the country. The zoo will complete 160 years of
Coconut Trees. The zoo is an important roost and
establishment in November 2022. The zoo area was
foraging site for bats. The zoo management exercises
earlier controlled by the Agri-Horticultural Society of
great care to ensure least disturbance to the roosting
Western India. This was eventually handed over to
sites during regular tree trimming and developmental
the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai by
works at the zoo.
the city’s wildlife inhabitants. When one visits the zoo, the commonly encountered free-ranging mammals include the Indian Grey Mongoose shyly hiding from the visitors, the frisky
the then State Government in 1873. The Veermata Udyan Zoo, spread across an area of 61.287 acres is
A butterfly garden was inaugurated in 2018, which
recognized as a ‘medium category zoo’. The area is
serves as an open classroom for nature enthusiasts,
also declared as a “Heritage Grade II (B)” site.
students and entomologists to observe the lifecycle and activity of the butterflies. Information boards
The zoo campus is home to around 6611 native and
on the lifecycle of butterfly species aid visitors in
non-native trees from six continents. Few iconic and
identifying host plants, food plants, lifecycle stages
heritage trees include the Baobab, Whitewood Tree,
and species one encounters in the garden. Common
Taman (Pride of India), Urvashi (Tree of Heaven),
Crow, Tawny Coster, Common Sailor, Blue Mormon,
Banyan, Krishna’s Buttercup and White Teak. Situated
Common Mormon are few of the commonly occurring
amidst the bustling Mumbai city, surrounded by
butterflies.
flyovers and skyscrapers, the zoo campus serves as a 9
Free ranging species in the Veermata Udyan Zoo campus
The tree cover in the campus provides a constant source of food and shelter attracts several species of free-ranging birds. There are over 60 species of birds occurring in the campus, which includes resident species like Red-whiskered Bulbul, Purple-rumped Sunbird, Oriental Magpie-Robin and migratory species like Indian Pitta, Greenish Warbler, Whitespotted Fantail and Green Sandpiper. It is a delight to the visitors to encounter common colourful birds like White-browed Fantails, Indian Golden Oriole, Coppersmith Barbet, White-throated Kingfisher and
Apart from birds, mammals and butterflies, this
Parakeets; and the lucky ones could get a glimpse
‘Green Lung’ of the city is also home to several
of a Spotted Owlet peeking from a tree hole or an
species of insects and small reptiles. With its sprawling
Indian Paradise Flycatcher gracefully flying with its
green campus harbouring a range of flora and fauna,
long white tail or the elusive resident Indian Grey
Veermata Udyan Zoo is a haven for nature enthusiasts
Hornbill. The zoo management maintains a checklist
to observe both captive wildlife and free-ranging
of birds by conducting surveys with the help of
urban wildlife.
volunteers.
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M.C. ZOOLOGICAL PARK, CHHATBIR, PUNJAB URBAN Green Spaces
Aerial view of zoo and its surrounding landscape
©Google Earth
An Urban Wildlife Refuge Text: Mr. Harpal Singh, Education Officer, M.C. Zoological Park, Chhatbir, Punjab. Amaltas/ Indian Laburnum (Cassia fistula) ©Chhatbir Zoo
M.C.Zoological Park, Chhatbir situated amidst the
conducted to sensitize the visitors on indigenous and
urban ambience of Chandigarh is a large-category
free-ranging wildlife.
zoo. Operational since 1977, it is situated in the Protected Forest area of Chhatbir, which was once
The zoo campus is densely wooded and also has two
a hunting reserve of Maharaja of Patiala. Spreading
small lakes making it an important wildlife refuge in
over an area of 202 hectares, it is among the largest
an otherwise human-dominated landscape. Given its
zoos in India. The zoo was primarily established to
relative proximity to the Himalayan foothills, the zoo
display and propagate endangered fauna, create
area is inhabited by both residents, and also serves
conservation awareness and carry out research on
as a stop-over site for several migratory bird species.
wildlife behaviour and disease management.
The zoo is also flanked by the Ghaggar river on the southern side.
There are around 125 species of common and threatened species housed at the zoo. The zoo
Given the unique mosaic of habitats created as a
receives an annual footfall exceeding 8 lakh
result of this, more than 150 species of birds are
visitors. Tailored conservation awareness programs
found here, an unusually high diversity in an urban
for different age groups of visitors are regularly
space. Some common resident species occurring
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here include Common Tailorbird, Indian Peafowl, Little Grebe, Little Cormorant, Shikra, Grey Francolin, Yellow-footed Green Pigeon, Greater Coucal, Common Myna, Red-vented Bulbul, Purple Sunbird, Barn Owl among others. Some migratory species wintering in the zoo campus include Pied Avocet, Northern Shoveller, Common Cuckoo, Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher, Red-breasted Flycatchers, Woolynecked Stork and Common Pochard. The campus also harbors several mammalian species such as Sambar, Indian-crested Porcupine, Asiatic Golden
Sambar ©Harvinder Chandigarh
Jackal, Grey Mongoose and Indian Palm Squirrel. Several reptilian and amphibian species are also found such as Indian Python, Rat Snake, Indian Flapshell Turtle, Bengal Monitor, Asian Common Toad among others. The habitat management of the zoo campus emphasizes on the preservation of natural landscape features. Regular plantation activities are taken up
Indian Softshell Turtle and White-browed Wagtail ©Tribune photo: Ravi Kumar
to ensure optimal maintenance of the green cover. The green spaces and plantation areas are protected vegetative hedges to prevent grazing by free-ranging herbivores. Additionally, tree species such as Moringa, Napier, Ficus sp., Syzygium sp. are also planted to provide forage to free-ranging ungulate species. Additional habitat management practice also includes creation of artificial water ponds. For managing (e.g. abandoned animals or those
Pied Avocet ©Harvinder Chandigarh
straying into urban areas) free-ranging herbivores, a quick-response team (with Veterinary Officer, Range Officer - Animal Management and Zoo Biologists) has been constituted to aid rescue operations. M.C.Zoological Park, Chhatbir is an urban zoo and an important green space in the tri-city area. In addition to the active role of ex situ conservation, the zoo, by the virtue of its sprawling campus, acts as a sanctuary to several native species with a range of habitats, food sources and shelter. Indian Peafowl & Spotted Owlet ©Chhatbir Zoo
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Q2.
How do you think urbanisation
influences perceptions of people towards nature? For many people, urbanisation brings about a disconnect from nature. They gradually begin to distance themselves from ecosystems around them. Children born in urban environments may not know where their food or water comes from, or where their waste goes. But equally, for many who live in the city, nature is also their refuge, the place they go to for spiritual relief, to maintain a connection with friends, and to protect their mental and physical health. For these people, nature in the city is an integral part of urban life, which they are very keen to protect.
TALKING Heads
Q3.
How important are urban green spaces
in context of changing landscape use in urbanised areas?
Urban Ecology and Role of Zoos
Urban green spaces are the final refuge for many
Dr Harini Nagendra
horticultural flora in cities are often dominated
Director, Research Center, Azim Premji University & leads the University’s Center for Climate Change and Sustainability.
assemblages are largely native. Apart from certain
forms of biodiversity, especially for insect, bird and animal life. Even though the tree assemblages and by exotic species, many of the insect and bird species like the crow and pigeon, which do well in areas of high human disturbance, most species seek refuge in urban green spaces. While large urban green spaces – like Bannerghatta National Park in
Q1.
What motivated you to pursue the field
of urban ecology?
Bangalore, for instance – are refuges for biodiversity, research has shown that even pocket green spaces like tiny parks can be very important for urban
Since 1994, I have been working on questions of
biodiversity conservation, even for rare species like
forest ecology. My urban ecology research started
the urban slender loris – and they can also serve as
only in 2006. It began with a very practical question.
important conduits for species movements across the
Living in Bangalore, I had seen the impacts of tree
city, helping to mitigate against habitat fragmentation.
felling and lake degradation on the city. I looked for research on both of these aspects and could not find the answers I was looking for. That is when I began to work on urban ecological issues.
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Q4.
There are nearly 100 zoos situated
diverse audiences. Museum exhibits in zoos can also
within or in the vicinity of metros. How can
be interactive places where visitors can press a button
zoos situated close to cities contribute to
to hear local bird songs, look at local fossil records,
promoting urban biodiversity?
or press a screen to see animations of landscape change in their surroundings over the past centuries.
Zoos are generally well wooded, green spaces, with large areas that are left relatively undisturbed, i.e.
Q6.
What is the best mechanism to monitor
not as manicured or kept as horticultural habitats
and evaluate urban green space interventions
in the way that parks are. They are often therefore
in zoo premises including citizen science
areas of high biodiversity, even when you consider
approaches?
areas outside the formal enclosed spaces. In addition, zoos, if well maintained with local species and local
A combination of aerial approaches such as using
habitats, and proper signage, can help educate
drone photos, high resolution satellite remote sensing,
people about the variety of habitats and species
or visual analysis of Google Earth images - which
found locally, and provide urban nature education as
can show changes in vegetation cover following
well as foster a connect with nature for young people
urban green space interventions by zoos – along
and adults.
with systematic repeated surveys of plant and animal taxa, by trained naturalists along with regular citizen
Q5.
Nature interpretation in zoos generally
science efforts which zoos can help coordinate,
tends to focus on forest landscapes and
can provide an ideal mechanism for monitoring,
habitats. Urban landscapes and urban wildlife
educating, and creating best practices – as well
is just as pertinent. How can zoos create
as helping to create a next generation of urban
awareness towards preserving urban green
naturalists, which is sorely needed.
spaces? Q7.
As urban areas expand, how can
Zoos can think outside the box. For instance, they
zoos help in the understanding of ecological
could create pop-up green habitats – such as
processes in cities and showcase the
a collection of butterfly host plants in pots on a
importance for conserving biodiversity?
truck bed which could be moved to an apartment or a corporate campus, left for a week to attract
Even when people acknowledge biodiversity in
butterflies, and then used to teach people about local
cities, they think of species, and not of species
biodiversity. Or they could work with local schools
assemblages, habitats or ecosystems. Zoos can play
and colleges to create small bird corners and butterfly
a very important role in this regard, by helping to
nectar plant patches which are more long term. Given
showcase local habitats and ecosystems. Through
the wealth of zoological and botanical knowledge
well designed working models, for instance, they
that the staff at zoos possess, as well as their extensive
could demonstrate the importance of grasslands
familiarity with how to communicate this knowledge
and wetlands in carbon sequestration, groundwater
to the public and to children, they can play a major
recharge and flood control, and of trees in air
role. Further, zoos can also build on their educational
pollution and microclimate control. Such approaches
experience to create reading material like books on
can help urban visitors understand and appreciate
local ecology and species, games, podcasts and
that ecosystems are composed of multiple working
videos, to disseminate knowledge in attractive ways to
parts, and that maintaining ecosystem integrity and 14
ecosystem processes is critical. Otherwise, visits to
in cities, in the absence of places of nature, without
forests, urban naturalist and bird watching events can
a chance to discover and experience biophilia.
become all about an obsession with checklists, which
Such children can also be fearful of nature, and of
leaves people without any understanding of ecology
biodiversity. On the positive side, when children (and
and conservation.
adults) are exposed to nature, it takes very little to get them interested – biophilia and the innate affinity of
Q8.
How can zoos effectively complement
humans for nature can take over quickly. Zoos can
the ongoing Nagar Van (urban forest)
play a very important role, given their prominence
scheme?
and presence across most major Indian cities, and many smaller towns as well.
Zoos are spread over large areas. Apart from the enclosures themselves, there is significant opportunity for greening, habitat restoration and afforestation in ecologically appropriate areas that can complement urban forest or Nagar Van schemes. This will also help create outdoor or non-enclosed spaces of native biodiversity which can be great outdoor education areas for people to learn about local ecology, for e.g. via trails with signages about birds, an insect park or a canopy walk. Q9.
Popularity of zoos results from a deep,
innate affective bond that humans have with animals—what E.O. Wilson called it “Biophilia.” Can this be used to promote the importance of preservation of urban ecology, urban landscapes and urban wildlife? Absolutely. Psychology research indicates that children who grow up in cities are more likely to have ‘nature deficit disorder’, a term coined by US author Richard Louw in his famous book Last Child in the Woods, which states that children who grow up in naturedeficient environments, and lack exposure to the slow rhythms of nature, tend to get hooked to electronic devices that provide instant gratification, and are consequently more prone to obesity, depression, attention deficit disorders and an overall dampening of their creativity. If we consider that one third of India’s population already lives in cities, and that this proportion will grow to 50% in a couple of decades, a very large fraction of India’s children could grow up 15
16
ZOO IN Focus
Environmental enrichment such as this aerial pathway motivates Golden Lion Tamarins to exhibit climbing and exploratory behavior ©Julie Bovett
INTERNATIONAL Micke Grove Zoo, California, USA Avanti Mallapur, PhD Zoo Curator Micke Grove Zoo.
Raising Conservation Awareness in Communities and Families Micke Grove Zoo is a small facility nestled within Micke Grove Park in Lodi, a rural town in located in San Joaquin County, in the orchard/ vineyard rich central valley of Northern California, USA. Both the zoo and the park are well wooded with many rare valley oak trees that have been categorized as Near Threatened (NT) by IUCN’s (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) red list of 17
threatened species. Micke Grove Park was gifted to San Joaquin County by a local vineyard owner and his wife, William and Julia Harrison Micke in 1938. Micke Grove Zoo was commissioned in 1957 and is located on 5 acres, close to Pixley Slough which runs through the park. The zoo houses a diversity of species of invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Micke Grove Zoo is very popular with local communities and is especially attractive to families with young children. Recently, a small play area was installed in the zoo to provide young visitors a moment to stop and play during their visit. Like other zoos, Micke Grove Zoo is committed to promoting the stewardship of nature through understanding and involvement. The zoo uses modern scientific principles to promote animal health and welfare, while conducting community education
programmes aimed at nature awareness, and the conservation of wildlife and their habitats. Animal exhibits and dens are built to be species-specific providing vertical access to arboreal species through the presence of live trees, elevated sleeping and roosting platforms, elevated lianas, and branches. Environmental enrichment is administered regularly to help motivate animal residents to display natural and species-specific behaviour.
Wildlife Health and Welfare The health and welfare of all animal residents is of significant importance to the staff of Micke Grove Zoo. Veterinary care for the Micke Grove Zoo’s
Lemur exhibit: Ring-tailed and Red-ruffed lemurs live in an open-moated exhibit in Micke Grove Zoo that includes elevated hammocks, elevated resting sites, and sleeping platforms with shade.
animal collection is provided under contract by the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Zoo animal health and welfare is closely monitored by the animal management staff and information is documented on a daily basis. All data that is documented is then uploaded on to a web-based animal data storage system called the Zoological Information Management System (ZIMS). The medical records for all animals at Micke Grove Zoo are also entered into ZIMS Medical. The program, ZIMS is managed by Species360, a non-profit organization that helps aquariums, zoos, universities, research and governmental institutions network in order to interact and learn from each other. The veterinary team conduct preventive health care examinations on most animal residents annually to promote and maintain optimum health care. Surgeries are conducted at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, USA. Apart from surgeries, animal residents are provided with exceptional specialized medical care at this Hospital through the use of modern laboratories, well equipped clinics, and surgical rooms. The veterinarians here are well experienced and are leading professionals in the field of wild animal health.
Golden Mantella exhibit: Golden Mantella frogs are endemic to the tropical rainforest habitat in Madagascar. Their exhibit is closely monitored in order to maintain optimal temperature and humidity for these frogs to thrive. ©Julie Bovett
Sharing Nature with the Local Community Sharing knowledge about resident wildlife with the local community, especially schools and young adults has been one of the zoo’s primary roles and passions. Over the years, education staff have worked closely with local communities and institutions, offering a variety of programs for children and families that highlight the diversity of animal species in zoo settings. Micke Grove Zoo’s education department has a unique collection of animals or “animal ambassadors” that are used in these outreach programmers. Animal ambassadors are acquired from other zoos when they are young and then trained by education staff through the use of positive reinforcement techniques for animal handling and participating in educational presentations for human audiences. Since sharing knowledge with the local 18
community is considered a priority, all animal exhibits
Some of the breeding programmes that Micke Grove
have interpretive signs sharing information on
Zoo is involved in are as follows:
distribution ranges, diets, breeding biology, major threats, and conservation impacts. Micke Grove Zoo also shares zoo information and updates through its website (www.mgzoo.com), social media such as Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/ mgzoo), and monthly newsletters. Zoo staff also often walk through the zoo sharing information and stories about animal residents with visitors.
Western Pond Turtles Western Pond Turtles are native to the west coast of North America with a distributional range spreading from British Columbia in Canada, through the western states of the USA, down to Baja California in Mexico. The IUCN’s red list of threatened species categorizes them as VULNERABLE or VU. Due to habitat loss from urbanization and predatory pressure from invasive species* such as American bullfrogs and red-eared
Conserving Wildlife
slider turtles, their wild population numbers have
Over the last two decades, with the support of AZA’s (Association of Zoos and Aquariums) SSP (Species Survival Plan) programs, Micke Grove Zoo has been a part of a consortium of zoos in North America that have been working together to conserve threatened wildlife. Species include the western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata), Waldrapp Ibis (Geronticus eremita), Marbled Teal, (Marmaronetta angustirostris), Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), Cotton Top Tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), Red-ruffed Lemur (Varecia rubra), Black-and-white Ruffed Lemur
rapidly declined. As a part of the SSP programme for this species, Micke Grove Zoo has successfully bred them and has been placing young turtles at other zoos, aquariums, nature centres, and natural history museums. At Micke Grove Zoo, the western pond turtles are housed in an outdoor pond. They are implanted with transponder chips for identification and their health is closely monitored. Hatchlings are taken indoors to a nursery to protect them from predatory pressure and are fed on a diet that includes supplements and vitamins.
(Varecia variegata), Southern Pudu (Pudu puda), and Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia). On recommendations from the SSP, young animals from Micke Grove Zoo are sent to other zoos. The facility also supports the breeding programs by volunteering to house specific individuals of threatened species which, are considered as a breeding surplus by SSPs for a Western Pond Turtles are often seen sitting on tree logs and basking in the sunlight. ©Julie Bovett
specific period of time.
Waldrapp Ibis Waldrapp Ibis are categorized as Endangered [E] by the IUCN’s red list of threatened species. There has been a dramatic decline in wild population numbers over the last 25 years with only 250 birds living in the wild in two sub-populations. The major threats to their Camouflaging well in their living space, zoo visitors have to closely watch the pond’s water surface to search for turtles that often dart out ©Julie Bovett 19
survival include loss of habitat due to urbanization and farming, poisoning in areas where pesticides as
used, and hunting. Since they are communal nesters, Micke Grove Zoo houses four pairs in the Gardner Mediterranean Aviary - a large mixed species aviary that also houses Speckled Pigeons (Columba guinea), Cape Thick-knees (Burhinus capensis), Marbled Teal and European Rollers (Coracias garrulous). The Waldrapp Ibis use elevated nest boxes during the breeding season and zoo staff provide them with nesting material that motivates them to build nests. When the males build nests, the females select males with the best courtship display and nests. Females usually lay 4 eggs per clutch during the breeding season. Waldrapp Ibis have bred successfully in
Golden Lion Tamarins are golden-brown in colour and the intensity of their fur colour is influenced by sunlight ©Julie Bovett
Micke Grove Zoo over the last 10 years and young birds have been sent to other zoos following SSP
numbers have depleted due to habitat loss, logging,
recommendations.
livestock grazing, and by pet trade. Golden lion tamarins are popularly known for the ex-situ conservation efforts in the 1990s that helped increase their population in the wild. The golden lion tamarins live in a mixed species exhibit sharing their living space with southern pudus. Their exhibit is connected to indoor dens that are heated during the winter months and ventilated during the summer months. Tamarins live in unique social
Waldrapp Ibis or the Northern Bald Ibis have shiny black feathers with an iridescent blue-purplish tinge. They have protruding beaks and bald red heads that are quite distinctive ©Julie Bovett
groups that only include one adult female, one adult male, and their offspring. Females normally give birth to twins. In Micke Grove Zoo, golden lion tamarins have bred so successfully, leading to them being housed in two exhibits until SSP recommendations help find homes for all the young animals. Environmental enrichment is administered regularly to these tamarins to motive them to display
The waterfall in the Gardner Mediterranean Aviary attract these Waldrapps and they are seen drinking water from the waterfall ©Julie Bovett
Golden Lion Tamarin Golden lion tamarins are categorized as Endangered [E] by the IUCN’s red list of threatened species. They are native to tropical rainforests along the Atlantic coast of Brazil near Rio de Janeiro and are found in small fragmented stretches. Their wild population
natural behaviour. Food puzzles are often used to stimulate them to display foraging and exploratory behaviour. Micke Grove Zoo is committed to promoting the stewardship of nature and the conservation of wildlife species and habitats. It also plays an important role in raising nature awareness and conservation understanding in local communities in the region. 20
ZOO IN Focus
Aerial view of zoo and its surrounding land ©Google Earth
INDIA Sri Venkateshwara Zoological Park, Tirupati M. Hima Sailaja, Dy.CF., Curator, S. V. Zoological Park, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The Zoological Park, named after the “Lord of seven hills” Sri Venkateswara, is a zoo located in Tirupati. An area of 1254.71 ha in Tirupati Extension Reserve Forest was identified for the formation of the Zoological Park. The foundation stone for the zoo was laid on 29.09.1987 by Late Sri N.T. Rama Rao, the then Hon’ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, it was opened to the public on 30.04.1993. Of the total area of 1254.71 ha., 289 ha. has been developed and the remaining area of 965.71 Ha. is proposed for development as drive-through safaris and for the construction of new enclosures and a 21
Gaur at Sri Venkateshwara Zoological Park, Tirupati
night safari. A large area of the zoo (382 ha) will continue to have natural vegetation. Mission & Vision of the Zoo is to develop amongst visitors empathy for wild animals and support the conservation of wildlife. Theme of the Zoo:Tirupati is a pilgrimage town and on average 60,000 to 70,000 pilgrims visit the temple per day. Considering this, the zoo has adopted a “mythological theme” to spread the message of conservation, highlighting the role and importance of wild animals in our culture. Many animals exhibited are mentioned in epics such as Ramayana, Mahabharata. The gardens & enclosures in the zoo have been named after popular locations & personalities mentioned in Indian mythology eg: the
Asiatic Golden Jackal at Sri Venkateshwara Zoological Park, Tirupati
Elephant enclosure is named Airavata –Van, the Sloth
behaviours like climbing, running, play, to list a few.
Bear enclosure is called Jambavantha- Van, Marichavan for the Spotted Deer enclosure.
Thus the zoo staff are constantly striving to create naturalistic enclosures for the animals to express their
Key highlights:-
natural behaviours through state-of-the-art enclosure
Thematic development:-
designing and environmental enrichment. Climbing
Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park is a unique zoo
structures have been provided for the primates to
based on a mythological theme. The primary focus
emulate the arboreal activity of the primates. Large
of the zoo is to emphasise the importance of man-
area has been provided for the elephants for free
wildlife co-existence. The theme is also portrayed
access with wallowing areas. Showers have been
through information panels at all the enclosures.
incorporated into the kraal and night shelters to
There are depictions of the incarnations of Lord
provide relief for the animals in summer months.
Vishnu as Matsya, Kurma,Varaha and Narasimha
Resting platforms and food foraging devices have
avatars at the zoo entrance.
been included in the enclosures for bears and leopards to encourage activity.
Animal collection theme:Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park mainly houses
Visitor amenities:-
endemic & endangered faunal species found in
E-cycles and battery operated vehicles are provided
Eastern Ghats. The zoo intends to house and highlight
for the movement of the visitors across the vast
species endemic to Seshachalam hill Forests &
expanse of the zoo. Wheelchairs and potable water
Nallamalai Forests. Along with the native species,
is provided as part of visitor amenities. Adequate
some non-native animals are also displayed to impart
dustbins and public convenience are available along
conservation education.
the visitor path. QR code plaques are placed at every animal enclosure for additional information. The zoo
Environmental enrichment:-
has a help desk and a zoo souvenir shop. Children
In the wild, animals exhibit a wide range of species-
play area and parking facilities are also provided.
specific behaviours. This includes foraging (searching for food), courtship and nesting behaviours, comotive 22
Conservation breeding programme:-
Achievements over the year :
Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park, Tirupati is identified
• Successful captive breeding of endangered
as a coordinating zoo for conservation breeding of
species in the zoo. Four-horned Antelope (Tetracerus
Grey Junglefowl. The Central Zoo Authority provides
quadricornis), 3 fawns were born in the year 2021
regular technical & financial assistance to the State
and Dhole (Cuon alpinus) 9 pups were born in 2020.
Government for undertaking this Conservation
• Infosys Foundation, Bangalore as part of Corporate
Breeding Programme. Indigenous to Southern &
Social Responsibility initiative sponsored a boundary
Central India, the Grey Junglefowl, also known
wall (8 km.) costing around Rs.17.00 crores.
as Sonnerat’s Jungle Fowl, is a ground-dwelling
• Strengthening of veterinary facility in the zoo by
pheasant. Grey Junglefowl is sexually dimorphic (male
addition of state-of-the-art veterinary equipment, such
and female and can be visually distinguished), with
as ultrasound machine with doppler facility.
the male having a brighlty coloured plumage and
• Installed an Intelligent Disinfectant Tunnel at the
female with mostly brownish plumage. It is listed in
entrance of the zoo to tackle COVID-19 situation.
Schedule-II of the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972.
• Successful conservation breeding of Grey
There are natural populations of the species found in
Junglefowl.
the forest surrounding the zoo like the Seshachalam Hill forest and Nallamalai Hills.
Education & Awareness:The Zoo Park is equipped with an education centre
The conservation breeding programme of Grey
called “Bio-Scope” in which photo exhibits of flora &
Junglefowl started in the year 2014-15 with an
fauna of Seshachalam wildlife exhibits are displayed
initial population of 33 birds. Genetic diversity of
for educating the visitors. Additionally awareness
the birds was studied by LaCoNES, Hyderabad. Off-
programmes like rally, group meetings are also
display facility was constructed with funding from the
conducted within the zoo premises to educate the
Central Zoo Authority, where 32 enclosures were
visitors.
constructed. Presently, the zoo houses a population of 63 individuals (31 males and 32 females). The
Animal Adoption:-
reintroduction plan for the species is being developed.
The zoo encourages public and private sector organisations and individuals to take part in conservation of endangered species by adopting mammals, birds and reptiles of their choice. The period of adoption may be quarterly, half-yearly or for a year. The donation made to the zoo is exempted under 80G of the Income Tax Act,1961.
Grey Junglefowl, part of the conservation breeding program 23
Bengal Tiger
Kailash Sankhala (Source: www.thebetterindia.com)
TRIBUTE Shri Kailash Sankhala (30 January 1925 – 15 August 1994)
Kailash Sankhala (Source: www.thebetterindia.com)
Shri Kailash Sankhla was appointed as the Director of the National Zoological Park in 1965. During this stint, breeding of Bengal Tigers and development
Biologist and Conservationist
of three waterbodies in the zoo to attract migratory
Central Zoo Authority
conservation. He was also instrumental in planning
Editorial Team
waterfowl, were his significant contributions to wildlife the animal enclosures with due consideration to species habitats and their region of origin.
Kailash Sankhala, better known as the Tiger Man of India wrote “There seems to be something about
Shri Kailash Sankhala was the first Director of the
India’s soil that inspires conservation and humbles
Project Tiger, a conservation program set up in India
man". His life has been a testament to these very
in 1973. He played a pivotal role in the creation of
words.
tiger reserves in India.
He was born in Jodhpur. He studied biology despite
He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1992 and
his father’s wish for him to pursue engineering. Being
Rajasthan Ratan in 2013. Shri Kailash Sankhala’s
a son of a forester, Sankhala joined the Indian Forest
tiger conservation legacy lives on with the Tiger Trust
Service in 1953. Besides being a biologist and a
he established in 1989.
dedicated conservation practitioner, he was also an author, photographer and zoo director. In his career
In his memory the Ministry of Environment Forest and
as a forest officer, he faced several challenges,
Climate Change, Government of India has instated
and his perspectives, such as, his views on hunting
"The Kailash Sankhala Fellowship", awarded every
as a sport by the Maharajas, were ahead of its
two years. This fellowship aims to inspire the wildlife
time. Eventually, he went on to shape the modern
managers and scientists to engage with research
conservation practice in India.
aimed at conservation of the rich wildlife heritage of this country. 24
ZOO IN History
establishment of Zoological Park in Delhi. Mr E.F. Bowring Welsh, Secretary of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was appointed as its Secretary.
National Zoological Park, New Delhi
The committee met on September 9, 1953, and
Central Zoo Authority
The first implementing official was deputed from
Editorial Team
Forest Service. Shri N.D. Bachkheti, Forest Officer of
Photos: National Zoological Park, New Delhi
Uttar Pradesh was appointed as the superintendent on
selected the site between Purana Qila and Humayun’s Tomb for the Park.
October 1, 1955. At the time of India's independence, there was no zoo in Delhi. The then, Indian Board of Wildlife (now
Mr Carl Hagenbeck, of Hamburg Zoo (West
National Board for Wildlife) constituted in 1951
Germany) fame, was commissioned to design
laid emphasis on the establishment of zoos in large
enclosures and a preliminary report including a layout
cities of the country. The growing population of the
plan was presented in March 1956. The plan was
national capital and its tourism potential called for the
eventually tailored to suit the local conditions and
establishment of a modern zoo.
topography of the site. The Government of India approved this project plan on December 31, 1956.
The intent was to provide a nature-immersing and economical recreational area in the capital. It was
The establishment initially named ‘Delhi Zoo’ was
also envisioned to impart conservation education by
formally inaugurated on November 1, 1959, by Mr
showcasing native and threatened Indian wildlife.
Punjab Rao Deshmukh, Hon’ble Minister, Government of India. In 1982, it was given the status of the
An ad-hoc committee comprising of prominent
National Zoological Park envisioning it as a model
nature lovers in Delhi was constituted. The committee
zoo of the country.
was tasked to formulate a project proposal for the
Central Zoo Authority B-1 Wing, 6th Floor, Pt. Deendayal Antyodaya Bhawan, C.G.O. Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110003. (Tel): 011-24367846, 24367851, 24367852 (Email): cza@nic.in, (Website): http://www.cza.nic.in