Island Garden Plants by mr.jessegallant

Island Garden Plants

Jesse Gallant November 2018 Victoria, BC

Annuals

Impatiens walleriana “Busy Lizzie” “Patience plant” BALSAMINACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (until hit by frost) Zone: 9-10

Height: 8-24 inches

Width: 1 foot to Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mounding. Leaf: Simple.

Flower: Many colours, flat-faced, 5-petalled with rear spur. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to deeper shade. Soil: Humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Out of wind. Brittle, so keep away from foot traffic. Propagate by seed.

Landscape Use: Baskets, pots, bedding, houseplants. Pests & Diseases: Killing fungal disease in BC since 2013. Comments: ITA level 2. Impatiens `New Guinea` “New Guinea impatiens” is dense and tropical looking for pots and bedding at 1-2 feet in height and 1 foot in width.

Lobelia erinus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lobeliaâ&#x20AC;? CAMPANULACEAE

Annual or short-lived perennial Zone: 10

Height: 6 inches

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Pendent cultivars hang, compact cultivars spread. Leaf: Simple.

Flower: 2 or 3 lipped blue, purple, red, white, solitary, racemes or panicles. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to full sun. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average water. Maintenance & Pruning: May be largely finished by August. Cut, do not pull out of baskets. Compost prolongs flower. Landscape Use: Hanging baskets, edging beds. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not seem to eat. Generally trouble free. Comments: Propagate by seed.

Lobularia maritima â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sweet alyssumâ&#x20AC;? BRASSICACEAE Annual

Zone: H3 (in UK)

Height: 2-12 inches

Width: 8-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Spreading pompoms. Leaf: Simple, green.

Flower: Mass of racemes of 4-petalled, scented, white, pink, lilac, or purple blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade.

Soil: Moderately fertile, average, many types. Moisture: Well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Larger plants can be transplanted in spring. Cut back after flower to tidy up and avoid spread of seed (if desired). Dies out in hot weather, often by mid-August. Self-sows and can overwinter in Victoria. Landscape Use: Edging and carpeting beds, between flagstones, between flagstones, seaside, covers gaps left by spring bulbs.

Pests & Diseases: Slugs could pose a threat. Generally trouble free. Comments: Attracts beneficial insects and pollinators. RHS AGM for 6 cvs. ITA level 1.

Nigella damascena â&#x20AC;&#x153;Love-in-a-mistâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE Annual

Zone: All

Height: 8-20 inches

Width: 3-6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, wispy. Leaf: Finely dissected.

Flower: Solitary, pale to bright blue, highly ornamental seed heads. Long lasting. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average. Moisture: Prefers moist, but will seed in drier areas and plants will be smaller. Maintenance & Pruning: Seeds itself around town, but easy to pull. Store cut

stems and seed heads upside down in a bag to save seeds. Plant in spring and fall. Stagger seeding times. Resents being moved. Landscape Use: Informal, cottage, meadow. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Deer proof. Comments: All zones, but will appear later in colder regions. Colour ranges even with cultivars, but none seed as freely as the species `Cambridge Blue` (long stemmed

variety with double blue flowers). `Miss Jekyll Series` is white, sky-blue, deep blue and rose. `Persian Jewel Series` have richer, darker colours.

Petunia hybrids â&#x20AC;&#x153;Petuniaâ&#x20AC;? SOLANACEAE Annual

Zone: 9-10

Height: 4-18 inches

Width: 1-5 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright or trailing. Leaf: Simple.

Flower: Single or double trumpets. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average water. Maintenance & Pruning: None necessary. Landscape Use: Flower borders and beds, patio and container plantings, hanging baskets. Pests & Diseases: Deer enjoy. Mildew can be an issue. Comments: ITA level 2. A lot of breeding put into this plant and many patents. See Sunset Western Garden Book.

Bulbs

Camassia quamash “Common camas” ASPARAGACEAE? AGAVACEAE? Bulb

Zone: 3-9

Height: 12 - 36 inches

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Slender stem with apical flower. Leaf: Linear basal leaves.

Flower: 6-petaled star-shaped terminal racemes that are pale to dark blue and occasionally white with yellow anthers. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to very light shade. Soil: Deep, humus rich, fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained and moist in the winter, spring. Dry in summer. Maintenance & Pruning: Plant bulbs 4 inches deep. No containers! Let seeds mature on stalk and should come off with gentle tug. Store seed in dry location for fall planting. Summer dormant. Pops off in spring.

Landscape Use: Found in Garry Oak meadows, rocky outcrops, moist plains, and foothill regions. Natural gardens, open meadow, cottage. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Native to pacific northwest. Cultivated by first nations and considered a keystone species. Bulbs are edible raw, roasted, boiled, but best when slow cooked

and dried. Do not confuse bulbs with those of the poisonous “Death camas”. Zigadenus elegans “Mountain death-camas” and Zigadenus venenosus “Meadow death-camas” grow in similar areas and have similar looking bulbs, but have white flowers.

Crinum x powellii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crinumâ&#x20AC;? AMARYLLIDACEAE

Herbaceous bulb Zone: 7-10

Height: 4 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Arching mound. Leaf: Long, strap-like.

Flower: Up to 10, pale to mid pink, lily-like, 4 inch blooms August to September. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Fertile, humus rich, deep. Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Heavy feeder - rich mulch every 1 or 2 years. Plant in spring with neck of bulb just above soil level at a foot apart.

Landscape Use: More flowers in a warm sheltered site. Tropical looks, sheltered rain garden, indoor pots and planters, wall-side borders, med-style, architectural.

Pests & Diseases: Slugs and snails can pose a threat. Comments: Native to South Africa.

Erythronium oregonum “White fawn lily” “Dog-toothed lily” LILIACEAE

Herbaceous bulb Zone: 4

Height: 6 - 18 inches

Width: 4 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Slender, clump forming. Leaf: Dark green, paired, ovate.

Flower: Up to 3, creamy-white, inverse star-like that is 5-6cm in width. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to dappled shade.

Soil: Humus rich with abundant leaf litter and organic matter. Moisture: Evenly moist and retentive, well-drained. Summer drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Goes dormant quickly in summer. Better left to its own

devices. Takes up to seven years to form 3 flower heads from seed. Do not pick wild flowers. Allow seed heads to dry and if they come out with a gentle tug store seeds and sow in fall.

Landscape Use: Open meadow to light woodlands. Therefore, informal gardens, underplanting, mixed boarders. Dry spot in an irrigated garden. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant, but prone to slug damage. Comments: E. revolutum “Western trout lily” is rose-pink, and is more widely ranged in the Pacific Northwest. Grows 8-12 inches high and 4 inches in width. E. `Pagoda` is a vigorous cultivar and grows 6 to 14 inches in height and 4 inches in width. It is sulphur yellow, grows in zone 4 and more easily naturalizes in a garden bed. AGM winner.

Eucomis bicolor â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pineapple lilyâ&#x20AC;? LILIACEAE

Herbaceous bulb Zone: 8-10

Height: 1-2 feet

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Basal mound. Leaf: Strap-shaped, 12-20 inch.

Flower: Raceme of pale green blooms with purple margins on tepals, topped by a tuft of leafy bracts.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Humus rich, fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Plant 6 inches deep and 8 inches apart. Dig up in spring. Mulch for winter and or bring potted ones inside. Dig up in spring if necessary. Leaf and stem cuttings can become a new bulb.

Landscape Use: Mass plantings, mixed borders, flower borders, containers and pots.

Pests & Diseases: Trouble free. Comments: Native to South Africa.

Fritillaria meleagris “Checkered lily” “Snake`s head fritillary” LILIACEAE

Herbaceous bulb Zone: 3-8

Height: 1 foot

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: 1.75 inch long pendent, boxy bell (single or pair) in spring.

Leaf: Narrow grey-green leaves along stem. Flower: Purple, pinkish purple, checkering. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to light shade.

Soil: Well-drained, fertile, humus-rich soil. Moisture: Average water. Moderate water in summer dormancy. Maintenance & Pruning: Bulb is fragile, handle carefully. Plant 2-3 inches deep and 6 inches apart. Dead-head after flowering to give bulb more energy. Landscape Use: Rhodo gardens. Naturalizes well. Pests & Diseases: Narcissus fly eats the bulbs. Enters through cut stems. Rake fresh soil over cut stems to prevent.

Comments: Fritillaria affinis (was F. lanceolata) is our native “Chocolate lily” or “Rice root” and likes dry summers.

Leucojum aestivum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Summer snowflakeâ&#x20AC;? AMARYLLIDACEAE

Herbaceous bulb Zone: 4-9

Height: 18-24 inches

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Grassy clump. Leaf: Glossy, strap-shaped.

Flower: White bells with green tips. Conditions: Sun: Bright shade to sun. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Clip flowers when they are done. Gives bulbs renewed life for next year. Landscape Use: Long season for flower. Flower borders, underplantings. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Slugs and the Narcissus fly could be a problem. Comments: Native to Northern Ireland and Turkey.

Lilium martagon â&#x20AC;&#x153;Turks cap lilyâ&#x20AC;? LILIACEAE Bulb

Zone: 3-9

Height: 4 feet

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Singular. Leaf: Whorled.

Flower: Up to twenty recurved blooms in various shades of pink. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light dappled shade. Soil: Humus rich, prefers alkaline.

Moisture: Well-drained, dry in summer. Maintenance & Pruning: Lime soil and mulch in fall. Add OM to soil in spring,

early summer. Never use peat-moisture retention and acidity are an issue. Very fragile bulb. Dig planting hole at least 2.5 times the bulb size. Plant slightly

sideways to avoid water entering the cut stems. Never pull the head out of the bulb. Use a garden fork when digging up to avoid damage. Older bulbs will produce more flowers. Leave seed heads and collect and sow in autumn.

Landscape Use: Informal, formal, cottage, underplanting, edges, container. Plant with long-lived, low-maintenance perennials that like dappled shade (hostas, ferns). Pests & Diseases: Lily beetles, slugs, aphids and deer. Comments: AGM winner. Many cultivars have a colour range from white to orange and red.

Nerine bowdenii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bowden lilyâ&#x20AC;? AMARYLLIDACEAE

Perennial bulb Zone: 7-10

Height: 18-24 inches

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Forms a large clump of erect leafless stems.

Leaf: Strap-shaped , rich green after the flowers.

Flower: Umbels of lily-like blooms in fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Any.

Moisture: Summer drought, water again when flowers emerge. Evenly moist when foliage is growing. Maintenance & Pruning: Plant with neck of bulb just at the surface - if too deep it will not bloom. Will over-crowd and then erupt out of soil. In this case, divide and spread around. Remember to fertilize when the leaves are actively growing. Landscape Use: Mass plant, mixed borders, cottage, sunny side of trees and shrubs, sheltered containers, cut flowers. Pests & Diseases: Toxic and therefore deer and rabbit proof. Comments: Native to South Africa. Only one of the available nerines that are hardy in Victoria.

Scilla siberica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Siberian squillâ&#x20AC;? ASPARAGACEAE Bulb

Zone::2-8

Height:4-12 inches

Width::4-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Small and grass-like. Leaf: Slender and dark green.

Flower: Bright blue flat, star or bell shaped with a darker blue stripe, single or on racemes of 2-3. Early spring. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Humus-rich, any type. Moisture: Well-drained.

Maintenance & Pruning: Do not cut grass before seeding in lawn. Landscape Use: Plant under trees, deciduous shrubs, in containers. Pests & Disease: Generally pest free. Comments: Cool blue goes with many other colours. Easily naturalize by seed and bulb offsets. Are considered invasive in some parts of the U.S. displacing native wild flowers. AGM winner.

Deciduous Perennials

Anemone x hybrida â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japanese anemoneâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Deciduous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 2.5-5 feet

Width: 1.5-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, rhizomatous, tuberous rootstocks.

Leaf: Palmately lobed. Flower: Colour ranges from pink to white, single and double blooms, yellow boss of stamens. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Moderately rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Cool root run is important if in the direct sun. Compost in fall and apply fertilizer in spring. Could fall over from too much shad. Transplant in spring and propagate using new roots. Cut down when leaves blacken in late fall.

Landscape Use: Nice cut flowers, mixed borders, underplanting of shrubs, cottage and informal, natural and woodland.

Pests & Diseases: All can get powdery mildew, cut down and increase the watering schedule. Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: A. x h. `Honorine Jobert` is an AGM winner coming in at 3-5 feet in height by 1.5-2 feet in width with single white, bright white blooms. Effective as light levels drop in fall especially against darker foliage. Considered a sport of the

hybrid and popped up in a shipment sent to France. `Whirlwind` is 3-4 feet high with

large semi-double blooms. `September Charm` has single rose-pink blooms at a height of 3-4 feet. `Party Dress` is 2.5-3.5 feet high with full double pink blooms. `Pamina` is 3-4 feet in height with semi-double pink blooms.

Calamagrostis x acutiflora `Karl Foerster` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Feather reed grassâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Deciduous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 3-5 feet

Width: 1.5-2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sturdy and linear. Leaf: Slender blades.

Flower: Showy and long lasting spikes much earlier than other grasses. Conditions:

Sun: Best in full sun. Will bloom in light shade, but can lose some form. Soil: Rich, heavy.

Moisture: Medium to wet. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut down in January. Spring and fall division only when necessary. Could be 10 years before this point. Landscape Use: Vertical accents, mass plantings, architecture, narrow spaces,

patterns and styles, seasonal screen, seaside. Overused to the point of boredom. Pests & Diseases: Rust can be a problem. Comments: Sterile seeds make it a great, reliable planting. Named perennial plant

of the year in 2001. Use Molinia caerulea `Strahlenquelle` as an alternative to spice things up. Not as upright, but it holds form right through the winter at 1.5-2 feet and flowers up to 4 feet. It needs ample water and full sun.

Chasmanthium latifolium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Northern sea oatsâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Deciduous perennial grass Zone: 3-8

Height: 2-5 feet

Width: 1-2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump forming. Leaf: Light green elliptic blades. Emerges light pink and finishes coppery.

Flower: Ornamental dangling seed heads emerge

in mid to late summer and last all through winter. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun, but best in part shade. Darker foliage in shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Do not cut down until absolutely miserable looking. This could be in early spring. Do not judge shape and size at the nursery - wait until established for true greatness.

Landscape Use: Mass plant, mixed borders, cottage, prairie, seaside. Pests & Diseases: None to mention, deer do not eat. Comments: Does not go to seed! C. latifolium `River Mist` is slightly less hardy at zone 5 and is strongly variegated.

Cornus canadensis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bunchberryâ&#x20AC;? CORNACEAE

Deciduous perennial Zone: 2-7

Height: 4-9 inches

Width: 6-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Rhizomatous, small. Leaf: Oblong to ovoid leaves with prominent veining.

Flower: Tiny greenish yellow blooms surrounded by 4 white bracts. Edible red drupes. Conditions:

Sun: Part and dappled shade to full shade. Soil: Humus, rotting wood, acidic. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Can be slow to establish - especially in drier conditions. Although, if happy it will spread easily. Low maintenance, give it space. Landscape Use: Woodland, native, underplant with other plants that require lots of water.

Pests & Diseases: Anthracnose resistant. Deer do not eat. Comments: North American native.

Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora â&#x20AC;&#x153;Montbretiaâ&#x20AC;? IRIDACEAE

Deciduous perennial Zone: 5-7

Height: 24-32 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Arching stems. Leaf: Thin, pale green.

Flower: Orange tubular blooms from June through September. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to even. Maintenance & Pruning: Twist stacks of corms to divide and use top ones as they are more likely to survive. Look for named cultivars as unknown and straight species will spread.

Landscape Use: Containers, mixed borders, seaside, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Can be prone to thrips, deer will eat the flowers. Comments: Usually pretty invasive. All attract humming birds. C. `Embergrow` is

large with dark scarlet red flowers at 24-30 inches in height. It is less likely to spread. C. `Emily McKenzie` is slightly downward facing, broad-petaled bright

orange with a mahogany throat, and height up to 24 inches, and prefers zone 6. C. `George Davison` has lemon-yellow flowers to 24-30 inches in height. `Solfatare` is

unusually bronze with coppery foliage with spikes of deep yellow blooms with apricot tinges and is less hardy at zone 7 and less vigorous. C. `Lucifer` attracts hummers and is an AGM winner with pleated mid-green leaves at 24-36 inches upward facing,

bright flame - red flowers born on spikes to 3-4 feet in height. It does better with humus rich soil.

Erigeron karvinskianus `Profusion` syn. E. mucronatus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mexican fleabane daisyâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Deciduous perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 6-12 inches

Width: 24-36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mat forming, scraggly, fast. Leaf: Narrow, hairy.

Flower: Daisy-like blooms open white and turn pink to lavender, so all colours continually present. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average to poor.

Moisture: Medium to dry, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Self-seeding and annual in colder climates. Cut down in late fall or early winter.

Landscape Use: Rock gardens, med-style, coastal, edging. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant, no diseases. Comments: Native to Mexico. AGM winner. Pollinators really enjoy.

Kirengeshoma palmata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yellow wax bellsâ&#x20AC;? HYDRANGEACEAE

Deciduous rhizomatous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 2-4 feet

Width: 2-2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dark maroon stems, sprawling. Leaf: Deep green, deeply lobed, maple-like. Flower: Creamy yellow bells late in year.

Conditions: Sun: Partial-morning sun to full shade. Soil: Rich, leafy, organic. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Hates lime. Needs a good mulch, but hates wet feet and strong winds. Keep sheltered. Very low maintenance. Divide in spring - although it probably will not enjoy this too much.

Landscape Use: Flower borders and beds, cottage, shade garden, informal. Pests & Diseases: Slugs and snails can be an issue for emerging foliage. Deer may not favour.

Comments: AGM winner. Slow to establish, but well worth the wait

Miscanthus sinensis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Eulalia grassâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Deciduous perennial grass Zone: 4-9

Height: 12 feet Width: 4 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping, symmetrical with a strong root system.

Leaf: Long, stiff blades. Flower: Maroon spikes. Conditions:

Sun: Best in full sun, takes light shade. Soil: Any type, tolerates clay. Moisture: Average.

Maintenance & Pruning: Woody stems shed blades. Mid to late January cut down.

Needs heat to flower. Will flop in too much shade - just move. Divide when centre dies out. Cut in the ground and lift out sections, discard the centre. Landscape Use: Will not run. Great when backlit. Use for sound. Mixed borders, mass plantings, formal, cottage.

Pests & Diseases: Deer do not eat, but rabbits will eat newly emerging stems. Comments: ITA level 2. Straight species is appearing on invasive species lists in

Southern States, but cultivars do not seem to be an issue. Many cultivars to choose from - `Gracillimus` is narrow and arching with brown curling stems with highlights of coppery pink, maroon and lime green. One of the best for formal plantings.

`Purpurascens` has amazing fall colour - orange with burgundy undertones. `Huron Sunrise` best flowers with huge pinkish plumes that last well into the winter.

`Morning Light` has tightly rolled leaves and is bright and shimmering if backlit.

Molinia caerilea subsp. caerilea `Variegata` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Variegated purple moor grassâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Deciduous perennial grass Zone: 5-9

Height: 1-2 feet

Width: 1-1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping, slow. Leaf: Flat, linear, cream-striped. Flower: Hazy blue panicles.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part, afternoon shade. Soil: Rich, acidic.

Moisture: Even, damp with good drainage. Maintenance & Pruning: Enjoys cooler climates. Propagate by division in spring. Groom out old leaves and old flowered stems in spring. Landscape Use: Erosion control, pond side, top of rain garden, front gardens, tight design.

Pests & Diseases: Deer leave alone, but rabbit may nibble. No P & D. Comments: AGM status.

Phalaris arundinacea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Reed canarygrassâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Deciduous perennial grass (noxious weed) Zone: 3-9

Height: 3-9 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense stands, rhizomatous. Leaf: Long slender blades.

Flower: Light green panicles. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Any.

Moisture: Dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Almost impossible to get rid of. Spreads by rhizome and seed. Landscape Use: None other than a container. Pests & Diseases: None. Comments: ITA level 2. P.a. `Strawberries & Cream` has striped leaves, highly attractive, but would not plant anywhere near a wetland.

Deciduous Shrubs

Berberis thunbergii “Japanese barberry” “Thunberg`s barberry” BERBERIDACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 4-7 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense, broad shrub with long spiny stems.

Leaf: Small obovate, bright green on top, bluish underneath. Turn red, orange and yellow in fall.

Flower: Small racemes of 2-5, pale yellow blooms with a red tinge are followed by glossy red fruit. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to some part shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Tough, not fussy. Low maintenance other than pruning

after bloom. Can be also be cut back into hedge, to limit size, or to rejuvenate old stems. Landscape Use: Useful in mixed borders, barrier, hedging. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: ITA level1. The more common version is B. t. f. atropurpurea. Some goldleafed cultivars like `Aurea` brown in sun.

Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii `Profusion` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Beauty berryâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-8

Height: 5-6 feet

Width: 3-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, compact, sprawling. Leaf: Lanceolate, purplish when young turning pink in autumn.

Flower: Small pale lavender blooms on leaf axils along stems. Blooms on new wood. Vibrant clusters of violet berries in fall. Slow to leaf out. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Only thinning cuts. Rejuvenation in spring time, fertilize well.

Landscape Use: Informal, cut flowers, back border. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: AGM winner. C. dictotoma `Issai` has a more graceful, arching form. Zone 5-8 and 3-4 feet wide and tall.

Calycanthus x raulstonii `Hartlage Wine` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Raulston`s allspiceâ&#x20AC;? CALYCANTHACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-9

Height: 6 - 13 feet

Width: 6 - 13 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright and open. Leaf: Glossy green leaves turn yellow in fall. Flower: Wine-red blooms in late spring.

Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to sun. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Moist, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Twigs are very brittle - be gentle! Fast growing, blooms on current growth and the previous years growth. Can be pruned to ground every few years.

Landscape Use: Woodland, showpiece. Protect from cold, drying winds. Pests & Diseases: Deer may nibble a bit. Comments: AGM status.

Chaenomeles speciosa “Flowering quince” “Cydonia” ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 8 feet

Width: 15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling and spiny. Leaf: Simple and green.

Flower: Clusters of red bowl-shaped flowers. Cultivars can have white, pink, red, coral, or orange flowers late winter to spring. Conditions:

Sun: Sun (best for blooms) to semi-shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average water. Takes summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Tough, non-fussy. Prune 3 D`s. Landscape Use: Ornamental shrub, espalier, hedge, barrier, groundcover. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: C. japonica sprawls to 3x6 feet and lies within zones 5-9. ITA 2.

Cornus alba `Elegantissima` “Variegated dogwood” “V. redtwig dogwood” CORNACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone::2-8

Height: 10 feet

Width::10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, medium sized. Leaf::Grey-green, white-margined leaves.

Flower::Small white flowers in flat cymes, white berries. Conditions:

Sun::Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Damp. Maintenance & Pruning: Every 1 or 2 years coppice to 2 or 3 buds and feed in April. Can be pruned lower than 10 feet. Do not prune until April in Victoria. Landscape Use: Great with a sunny backdrop in the winter. Mixed borders, winter gardens.

Pests & Diseases::Deer love. Comments:: AGM winner. ITA level 2. C. a. `Sibirica` has bright red stems and red

fall foliage. Youngest bark is red. Roots very easily. To propagate dry out and cut below a bud and stick into soil.

Cornus sericea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Red osier dogwoodâ&#x20AC;? CORNACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 2-8

Height: 12-15 feet

Width: 12-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Youngest bark is dark red, fast, suckering.

Leaf: Light green ovate, orange colours in fall. Flower: Small white blooms in flat cymes, white berries.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun for best bark to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile to average. Moisture: Wet to even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Every 1 or 2 years coppice to 2 or 3 buds in April and feed. Propagate by layering or cuttings in water. Landscape Use: Used as a soil stabilizer, native, informal, low-maintenance. Pests & Diseases: Deer enjoy young leaves. Comments: ITA level 1. Native to BC and much of North America. RHS award. C. s. `Flaviramea` has bright yellow-green winter shoots.

Corylopsis pauciflora “Winter hazel” “Buttercup” HAMAMELIDAC

Deciduous shrub Zone::6-9

Height::6 feet

Width::8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Bushy. Leaf::Ovate, tinged red when young.

Flower::Dangling earrings of scented, soft yellow, pendant racemes on bare stems. Conditions: Sun::Semi-shade best to full sun in moist conditions. Soil::Well-drained, acidic, organic (woodland). Moisture::Average.

Maintenance & Pruning::Thinning cuts only to reduce size. Needs space. Can be trained up a wall. Slow growing. Pruning can wreck form. Landscape Use: Flowers in early spring. Protect from drying winds. Flower borders and low maintenance.

Pests & Diseases::Deer do not seem to eat. Comments::C. spicata is stiffer, 6x10 feet and takes more sun. Zone 5-8, it`s a great plant choice.

Corylus avellana `Contorta` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Corkscrew hazelâ&#x20AC;? BETULACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 3-9

Height: 8-10 feet

Width: 8-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Virus twists growth into appealing curls in the branches and stems. Leaf: Broad, curled leaves. Not as appealing to some for their gnarled appearance. Flower: Can produce edible nuts, but unusual.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Well drained and fertile.

Moisture: Even, but will tolerate dry conditions. Maintenance & Pruning: Always thinning cuts, never head back. Grows happily in a large container for a long time. Usually grafted. Landscape Use: Ornamental shrub used in mixed shrub and winter gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer may nibble on it. Squirrels will eat the nuts. Comments: Currently not available due to Eastern Filbert Blight, which causes elliptical cankers that first appear on the twigs. It then expands out to form long

deep gouges on branches and stems. The shrubs die from girdling. Prune out way beyond affected twigs and branches. Burn all the infected material, disinfect all pruning tools with a 10 percent bleach solution.

Daphne mezereum â&#x20AC;&#x153;February daphneâ&#x20AC;? THYMELAEACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone::5-8

Height: 4 feet

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy. Adventitious roots. Leaf::Narrow dull-green.

Flower: Fragrant reddish-purple flowers in short-stalked clusters of 2-4. Feb to Apr, before leaves. Red fruits. Conditions:

Sun:: Sun to semi-shade.

Soil::Well-drained, moderately-fertile, humus-rich. Moisture::Even. Maintenance & Pruning::Do not transplant. Mulch. Landscape Use::Fine scent allures the senses. Informal gardens. Wall-side borders.

Pests & Diseases: Toxic. Comments: Gawky, stiff when young. D. m `Alba` has white flowers. Propagate by seed and softwood cuttings in summer. All parts poisonous.

Enkianthus campanulatus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Redvein enkianthusâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 12-15 feet

Width: 12-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, slow growing. Leaf: Whorls of small green, elliptic leaves, turning red and orange in fall. Flower: Pendent racemes of creamy yellow bells with pink to red veins in late spring.

Conditions:

Sun: Half shade to sun. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Deadhead flowers. Landscape Use: Cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest free. Comments: Can look spindly in youth. Same conditions as a rhodo.

Euonymus alatus “Winged euonymus” “Burning bush” CELASTRACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 6-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Large, spreading. Leaf: Ovals turning red in fall.

Flower: An abundance of small greenish blooms, which turn to purplish-red berries in fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun best to light shade. Tolerates heavier shade, but colour will dim with few flowers and berries.

Soil: Average to poor best.

Moisture: Well-drained and drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune for size and waywardness in late winter and early spring. Easy to wreck shape if too large for space and constant pruning. Landscape Use: Use with spring and summer flowering shrubs for fall and winter interest. Low-maintenance.

Pests & Diseases: No real P & D, other than winter die-back and sudden death. Comments: ITA level 1. Native to Central China. Cultivars tend to have less of the corky ridges that give the species its name. Straight species is invasive in many

areas and hard to find. E. a. `Compactus` is smaller, but can still grow into a large

shrub at 6-8 feet height and width. E. a. `Fireball` has a tighter form, less prone to winter die-back at 7 feet height and width.

Forsythia spp. & cvs. “Forsythia” OLEACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 3-10 feet

Width: 2-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright to weeping. Leaf: Simple and green.

Flower: Light to deep yellow, salverform (4petalled with tube) in March, before leaves. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-hade. Soil: Average soil.

Moisture: Well-drained and average water. Maintenance & Pruning: Flowers on second years growth. Could use staged renovation pruning to liven up. Prune after flowering. Not fussy.

Landscape Use: Shrub or hedge. There are dwarf cultivars as well. Pests & Diseases: Forsythia gall may be an issue. Comments: Propagate by cutting. ID lenticels on stems. F. x intermedia `Lynwood` is ITA 1 and is upright. F. suspensa is upright and arching, “Weeping forsythia”.

Genista pilosa “Silky leaf woodwaxen” “Spreading broom” FABACEAE (ITA), PAPILIONACEAE (RHS) Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 16 inches

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Prostrate to semi-erect. Leaf: Alternating, simple, dark green.

Flower: Profuse racemes of bright yellow pea blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Any type. Moisture: Well-drained, dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Shear below blooms being careful not to cut into woody base stems after flowering.

Landscape Use: Excellent on slopes, rock gardens, erosion control. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: ITA level 2. `Vancouver Gold` is 4 - 16 inches in height and spreads up to 7 feet as a groundcover.

Hamamelis mollis “Chinese witch hazel” HAMAMELIDACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 10-15 feet

Width: 10-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Has an overall vase shape. Classified as shrub yet very tree-like. Leaf: Broadly ovate, rounded leaves.

Flower: Bright golden-yellow flowers with rich red-brown calyx cups. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to partial shade. Soil: Acidic, rich .

Moisture: Moist, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune only for dead, diseased, damaged (D,D & D). Only thin to keep shape. Cultivars grown on root stock and some of the cultivars do not drop leaves. Landscape Use: 4 season use with beautiful fall colour. Great in mixed borders and mixed foliage.

Pests & Diseases: Coral spot and honey fungus may be a problem. Comments: ITA level 2. Generally slow growing. Very fragrant. If there is space use more than one. H.m. `Pallida` grows 10 to 12 feet in height. Very long lasting

sulphur-yellow, citrus scented blooms with rich, red purple calyx, buttery yellow

fall colour. Considered one of the best. No serious pest and disease. H. x intermedia (H. japonica x H. mollis) ‘Diane’ has the deepest red blooms and red foliage up to 8 feet in height. ‘Jelena` syn. ‘Copper Beauty’ with orange blooms, scentless with

foliage up to 12 feet. ‘Arnold promise’ is sweetly scented with yellow blooms and orange, coral, gold fall foliage that extends up to 12-20 feet in height and width. “Mollis” means softly hairy. Witch hazelis extracted from H. virginiana.

Hibiscus syriacus `Blue Bird` syn. `Oiseau Bleu` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rose of Sharonâ&#x20AC;? MALVACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 8-12 feet

Width: 6-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright. Leaf: Simple or palmately lobed. Flower: 5-petal, funnel shaped.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Ok with clay soil, organically rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Tough. Very slow to leaf out in spring. The deep red and orange blooming varieties are tropical and not hardy to Victoria. Cut hard, but in a slow 2-3 year renovation. Cut back spent blooms 2-3 buds to stronger outward facing bud for more another flush. Landscape Use: Hedge, espalier, courtyard, city. Best protected from cold winter winds - especially from the Northeast. Pests & Diseases: Can get powdery mildew. Comments: AGM winner. ITA level 2. An ID point is to split seed heads open and you will find 5-valved capsules. Brown heads persist through winter.

Holodiscus discolor â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oceansprayâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 3-20 feet

Width: 3-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mound. Leaf: Lobed and serrated.

Flower: Pendent panicles of tiny cream flowers, persist brown and bedraggled into winter. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to sun.

Soil: Humus, tolerates poor and rocky. Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Propagate by cuttings after flower. Landscape Use: Native gardens, seaside, hillside, bluffs, rockery. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Deer may chew a bit. Comments: Birds eat seeds and affectively spread.

Hydrangea macrophylla â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bigleaf hydrangeaâ&#x20AC;? HYDRANGEACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 6-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mophead, bushy. Leaf: Broadly ovate.

Flower: Rounded clusters of pink to blue. Conditions: Sun: Part shade to full sun. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Even. Maintenance & Pruning: A good indicator plant where flower colour is indicative of ph levels in soil i.e., pink in alkaline, mauve in neutral, and blue in acidic

soil. Apply aluminum sulfate for blue, apply ground limestone for reds and pinks. Light pruning in spring, flowers on 2nd years wood. Stems multiply geometrically.

Prune down to first parallel pair of buds. Take down two of the oldest stems right to the ground each spring. Landscape Use: Seaside, cottage, flower borders, city, informal flower hedge. Pests & Diseases: No pests, but deer eat. Can contract a powdery mildew. Comments: New cultivars can flower on new and older wood. ITA level 1.

Hydrangea paniculata HYDRANGEACEAE Deciduous shrub Zone: 3-9

Height: 8-10 feet

Width: 8 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Lacecap, upright.

Leaf: Opposite, alternate, ovate-oval. Flower: Conical panicles of white. Conditions:

Sun: Dappled shade, morning sun (no hot afternoon). Soil: Rich, loamy.

Moisture: Even, good. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune with caution to opposite buds East, West and North,

South. Blooms on new wood. If renovating, use high nitrogen fertilizer to encourage woody growth. Landscape Use: Flower borders, cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Generally disease free. Can get aphids, capsid bug, glasshouse red spider mite and hydrangea scale.

Comments: ITA level 1. Propagate by softwood cuttings. Most popular cultivars

include `Limelight` which is 6 x 6 feet and tinged green and turning pink and burgundy in the fall. `Little Lime` is compact at 4 x 4 feet. `Pee Wee` is 4 x 4 feet as well.

`Pink Diamond` is 6 x 6 feet and white turning to pink. `Tardiva` is tallest being 8 x 8 feet with creamy white panicles. `Vanille Fraise` is 8 x 5 feet with red stems, large white panicles of soft pink and strawberry red.

Jasminum nudiflorum “Winter jasmine” OLEACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-10

Height: 12 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Climbing green stems. Leaf: Pinnate leaves.

Flower: When leafless, bright star shaped yellow, scentless, solitary, salver form flowers are borne on leaf axils. Blooms late fall into early spring on the previous years growth. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Well-drained, average soil. Moisture: Drought resistant.

Maintenance & Pruning:: Prune to keep tidy. Needs support from trellis. Once established it can grow quickly. Grows less vigorously without support or if not spilling over a wall or rocks. Flowers on new wood (coppice). Remove thin, old overcrowding stems at base. Landscape Use: Cascades over walls and fences. Grows nicely with a small clematis. Looks nice as a cut flower. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Aphids and mealy bugs may pose a threat. Comments: An AGM winner. Very easy to propagate. Common in Victoria. Weatherproof

except for a very heavy frost could damage the flowers. “Nudiflorum” means flowering naked.

Width:

Kerria japonica `Pleniflora` ROSACEAE Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 8 feet

Width: 8 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Bright green stems, sprawling. Leaf: Simple, toothed, green.

Flower: Large pom-pom double, bright yellow flowers in mid spring. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun but partial shade best. Soil: Rich and loamy best, but tolerates others. Moisture: Well-drained, even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Remove suckers and renovate if necessary. Landscape Use: Cottage, informal gardens. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest and disease free. Comments: Straight species is smaller at 3-6 feet in height and 6-8 feet in width. It has single bright yellow flowers.

Kolkwitzia amabilis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Beauty bushâ&#x20AC;? CAPRIFIACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-8

Height: 6-10 feet

Width: 6-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Arching, fountain shaped. Leaf: Dull green, ovate.

Flower: Bell-shaped, fragrant, soft-pink to white with yellow throat. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average, fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to dry once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune to new stems with thinning cuts. Landscape Use: Underplant, background, spacious garden. Pests & Diseases: No P & D, usually deer-resistant, but may nibble on new growth at the base. Comments: ITA level 2. K. a. `Pink Cloud` has clear pink flowers, slightly larger.

Leycesteria formosa â&#x20AC;&#x153;Himalayan honeysuckleâ&#x20AC;? CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 9-10

Height: 8 feet

Width: 6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bamboo-like. Leaf: Simple, green.

Flower: 4 inch pendent racemes of small white flowers. Purple fruits, among reddish-purple bracts.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to partial shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune out oldest and poorest stems to ground after frost. Thinning cuts only. Self-sows. Landscape Use: Low-maintenance, woodland, informal. Pests & Diseases: Leaf miner occasionally. Comments: Native to Asia.

Lonicera fragrantissima â&#x20AC;&#x153;Winter honeysuckleâ&#x20AC;? CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Deciduous,/semi-evergreen shrub Zone:: 4-8

Height:: 6-10 feet

Width:: 6-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, vines. Leaf: Simple, opposite.

Flower: Opposite, paired creamy-white, tinged pink 2-lipped flours. 5 petals, 5 yellow stamen 1cm long borne close to branches. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Well-drained, any type. Moisture: Evenly moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be forced in cold climates. Can be espaliered.

Thinning cuts rather than heading back. Prune single stem right to bottom (25 percent to 1 third rule). Landscape Use: Back garden pollinator. Natural gardens, shrub boarders, hedge rows.

Pests & Diseases: Seem to be deer resistant. Comments: Valuable to hummers and bumblebees. Not the prettiest shrub with lots of wayward shoots. Easily propagated by cuttings and layering. L. standishii is

similar, but more upright and the leaves are generally longer 2-4.5 inches vs. 1-3 inches. Also narrower than fragrantissima. The easiest ID point to spot is

standishii has bristles on the young shoots, flower stalks and corolla. Standishii is on the invasive species list in the mid-west and southern sates.

Loropetalum chinense â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chinese fringe-flowerâ&#x20AC;? HAMAMELIDACEAE

Deciduous shrub (evergreen in Victoria) Zone: 7-10

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 3-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tiered branching. Leaf: Deep olive green with striking burgundy coloured tips.

Flower: White fringe, spidery blooms in spring. Can repeat flower in late summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Humus rich, acidic.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Can take drier conditions, but will be slower. Maintenance & Pruning: Protect from winter wind. Prune in mid-spring. Landscape Use: Nice contrast to green. Mixed shrub border, coastal cottage. Pests & Diseases: No P & D, appears to be deer resistant. Comments: L. c. f. ruburum has burgundy foliage and pink flowers. `Sizzling Pink` has dark burgundy foliage, upright spreading form at 6 feet high and 5 feet wide.

`Pipas Red` has darker red flowers and can be larger to 8-10 feet in height and 5-6

feet in width. `Razzelberry` is 4-6 feet in height and 4-5 feet in width. Raspberry Ice is 4-6 feet in both height and width. `Purple Pixie` is 1-2 feet in height and 4-5 feet in width.

Oemluria cerasiformis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Indian plumâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-10

Height: 15 feet

Width: 5-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Suckering shrub. Leaf: Drooping racemes of small white, finely scented flowers.

Flower: Light green and lance-shaped.

Dioecious, females produce plum-like purple fruits. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Remove suckers to restrain growth. Landscape Use: Flowers appear before the leaves. One of the first plants to flower in spring. Informal gardens, summer hedge. Woodland. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest free. Comments: Native from BC to Cali.

Physocarpus opulifolius `Dart`s Gold` “Ninebark” ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 3-7

Height: 6 feet

Width: 8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, suckering. Leaf: Bright yellow in spring and summer.

Flower: White blooms with pink tinge in terminal cymes in early summer. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to sun. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Leaves can burn in sun and are greenish in shade. Responds well to both light and heavy pruning. Can be coppiced. Landscape Use: Natural, native, flower borders, beds, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: ITA level 2. BC native “Ninebark” is P. capitatus. P. o. `Diablo` is taller and more upright and has purple foliage throughout the season. `Monlo` and `Diablo`

are trademark names, `Diablo` is a corruption. Selection discovered in June 1968 in a German nursery field of 120,000 P. o. seedlings. Creamy flowers in early summer. Sun best to semi-shade.

Potentilla fruticosa “Potentilla” “Shrubby cinquefoil” ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 3-7

Height: 2-5 feet

Width: 1.5-4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, spreading. Leaf: Greyish-green leaflets.

Flower: Pink, yellow, orange, red, or white 5-petalled saucers in late spring to fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average to poor fertility. Moisture: Well-drained to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Very tough and fast growing. Landscape Use: Fill and highway plantings. Pests & Diseases: Potentially deer resistant. Comments: ITA level 2. RHS AGM for 12 cultivars. Propagate by softwood cuttings in early summer.

Rhododendron luteum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pontic azaleaâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 6-12 feet

Width: 12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Round form, leggy. Leaf: Slightly hairy and turn gold in fall.

Flower: Deep yellow flowers per truss, strongly scented and sticky in May. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Acidic, humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, even (especially in August and September). Maintenance & Pruning: Deadhead flowers and shorten gawky shoots. Susceptible to rot, so plant depth of roots only! Mulch. Landscape Use: Feature piece with fine scent. Pests & Diseases: Slugs pose a threat. Generally deer do not eat. Comments: AGM status. Is an azalea, therefore each flower has 5 stamens and 5 anthers.

Ribes lobbii “Gummy gooseberry,” “Fuchsia-flowered gooseberry”

GROSSULARIACEAE Deciduous shrub Zone::6-8

Height::8 feet

Width::5 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::3 bristles per stem node make it a good barrier hedge.

Leaf::Green and sticky.

Flower::5 dull red sepals folded back, 5 white petals and 5 reddish-purple anthers in February and March. Conditions: Sun::Full sun to semi-shade. Soil::Poor, well-drained. Moisture::Dry. Maintenance & Pruning::Selective and non-selective heading back. Landscape Use::Hedging and barriers, native and woodland gardens. Pests & Diseases::Host for disease in different seasons-especially wheat rust. Comments: Native to southwest BC to northwest California. Propagate by seed and cuttings.

Ribes sanguineum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Flowering currantâ&#x20AC;? GROSSULARIACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone::6-8

Height::5 - 12 feet

Width::5 - 12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Bushy. Leaf::Palmately lobed, green.

Flower::Range from deep pink to pale followed by edible berries. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to light shade.

Soil::Rocky, well-drained soil. Moisture::Will be drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning::Can get root disease if not well-drained. A powdery

mildew, anthracnose, blister rot. Gets better if shrub has good air circulation. Landscape Use::Informal hedging. Natural gardens, mixed boarders. Pests & Diseases::Deer resistant. Comments::Native to Pacific Northwest. Generally not long-lived. R. s. `King

Edward VII` lots of new cultivars but sometimes the straight species is the best. `White icicle` is upright, compact to 8 feet in height and 6 feet in width.

Rosa rugosa â&#x20AC;&#x153;Saltspray roseâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 2-9

Height: 4-6 feet

Width: 4-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling, rounded, suckering. Leaf: Pinnate, dark green.

Flower: 5-petalled blooms from pure white to red and highly fragrant. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade.

Soil: Any type including clay. Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Generally low maintenance. Good air circulation, remove

old leaves, apply clean mulch for good rosemanship. Do not dead head as the hips are quite nice. Take oldest stems out to bottom. Landscape Use: Specimen plant, mixed borders, cottage, seaside, erosion control. Pests & Diseases: Can get black spots, aphids, scale but all less than other roses. Comments: Rose hips are a great source for vitamin C and have hallucinogenic properties. Colonizes large areas. 1 rose-quiver.

Rosa x odorata syn. Rosa chinensis `Mutabilis` â&#x20AC;&#x153;China Roseâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 2-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Almost thornless, scrambling. Leaf: Simple, ovate purplish red tinge.

Flower: Blooms start yellow and turn coral pink, then red. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun, takes part shade. Soil: Fertile, humus rich. Moisture: Average.

Maintenance & Pruning: Old garden rose - usually one of the best for disease resistance and easy care. Landscape Use: Cottage, mixed, containers, seaside, 1-rose-quiver. Pests & Diseases: Disease and insect resistant, but need to use good rosemanship. This means good air circulation, removing old leaves, applying clean mulch. Nip off flowered heads. 15-35-15 fertilizer mid summer. Take couple of stems right to the bottom. DDD and crossing, rubbing branches should be pruned out. Comments: AGM winner. Name comes from mutating colour of blooms.

Salix alba `Flame` â&#x20AC;&#x153;White willow flameâ&#x20AC;? SALICACEAE

Deciduous shrub or tree Zone::3-6

Height: 20 feet

Width::15-20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Upright orange-red stems. Stems grow inward to center like a flame.

Leaf::Alternating 4 inch long, fine toothed green leaves. Flower: No catkins. Conditions: Sun::Full sun.

Soil::Deep, moist to average soil. Moisture: Well-drained to poorly drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Fast growing unless pruned. Coppice every 1 to 3 years and mulch to generate bright new twigs and keep smaller.

Landscape Use::Accent plant in the winter, mass plant on large property. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments::Easy to propagate. Contains salicylic acids. Cuttings help other plants develop roots.

Salix repens var. argentea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Silvery creeping willowâ&#x20AC;? SALICACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 5-7

Height: 5 feet

Width: 8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Handsome, arching, slender branches.

Leaf: Small, silvery-grey. Flower: Small catkins. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Sandy, average. Moisture: Well-drained, even drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Can coppice every 1-3 years, or from February to July prune selectively.

Landscape Use: Roots stabilize soil. Banks, slopes, groundcover, seaside. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Native to the sand dunes of NZ.

Spiraea japonica `Goldflame` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Goldflame Japanese spiraeaâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-9

Height: 3 feet

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Suckering, compact. Leaf: Young are coppery-red, bright yellow by late spring, soft yellow-green by summer. Flower: Dark pink blooms in corymbs.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun best to part shade.

Soil: Not fussy, but fertile is best. Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: In spring prune out oldest and any reverted (green) branches and or cut low.

Landscape Use: Coastal cottage, informal, containers, flower borders and beds. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not eat. Comments: ITA level 1 is S. j. cultivars. 64+ cvs in total.

Spiraeae nipponica `Snowmound` ROSACEAE Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-8

Height: 3-5 feet

Width: 3-5 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Dense, compact. Leaf: Dark green, obovate.

Flower: Cluster of 5-petaled white blooms in spring and summer. Conditions:

Sun: Partial to full sun. Soil: Fertile to average. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Cane grower, therefore prune with care. Looks good bare stemmed if properly pruned. After flowering remove one third of oldest stems to the ground. Balance with thinning and remove outliers if desired.

Landscape Use: Foundation planting, back of mixed border, mass, informal hedging. Pests & Diseases: Can get aphids, scale and rot diseases if not grown well. Deer resistant.

Comments: ITA level 2. AGM winner. Attracts butterflies.

Spiraea x vanhouttei â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bridal wreath spireaâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-8

Height::6-8 feet

Width::6-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Bushy. Leaf::Simple with short racemes.

Flower::Clusters of small white flowers. Conditions: Sun::Full sun to part or light shade. Soil::Well-drained, average.

Moisture::Even. Can take drier conditions once established. Maintenance & Pruning::Take out the oldest canes to thin. Cut back after flowering. Landscape Use::Large garden classic. Needs a big space. Under plant. Loose hedge. Pests & Diseases::Deer resistant. Comments::ITA level 2. Can get lots of typical ROSACEAE p & d, but generally clean in Victoria if grown well.

Sambucus nigra “Black elder” “Common or European elder” ADOXACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-7

Height: 20 feet Width: 6-15 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy. Leaf: Green pinnate turn pale yellow in fall.

Flower: Panicles of fragrant cream blooms in early summer followed by black berries. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Regular water, but will tolerate drought once established. Can tolerate some wet.

Maintenance & Pruning: Stick to light thinning cuts - too much and it will not flower. Breaks easily from old wood. Generally low maintenance. Landscape Use: Fast-growing screening, coastal wildlife garden. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Black aphids on new stems - just wash off. Comments: Birds and bees enjoy. Popular cultivars include `Guincho Purple` (15 feet in height, 10 feet in width). `Black Lace` to 5 feet with more arching habit. `Aurea` has yellow new growth and matures to a yellow-green (10-20 feet in height) and

protect from hot afternoon sun. `Aureomarginata` is 6-8 feet in height and width and

the elaves are tinged in yellow. `Variegata` has cream and green foliage and grows up to 12 feet in height.

Syringa meyeri (aka S. meyeri `Palibin`) â&#x20AC;&#x153;Meyer`s lilacâ&#x20AC;? OLEACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 4-7

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact shrub, dwarf version. Leaf: Light green, ovate.

Flower: Panicles of fragrant , bluish or lavender pink, tubular flowers. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Humus rich, neutral to alkaline. Moisture: Well-drained.

Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Lime in fall and deadhead after flower. Propagate by layering in summer and by softwood cuttings. Purplish leaves could mean drought... Can be pruned very hard. Mulch in full sun. Landscape Use: Informal, cottage. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Generally deer proof. Comments: ITA level 1.

Syringa vulgaris â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common lilacâ&#x20AC;? OLEACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 2-8

Height: 20 feet

Width: 8-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Leggy bush. Leaf: Light green and heart-shaped.

Flower: Panicles of purple and pink 4-lobed tubular blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Well-drained, neutral, alkaline soil. Moisture: Can be drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Apply lime in Victoria. Prune down to perfectly parallel set of petioles to produce flowers following season. Can be pruned extremely hard,

just be sure to redirect growth and pinch off misdirected buds. Do not disturb roots. Does not like wet feet.

Landscape Use: No mixed beds due to fragile roots. Can be incorporated into hedgerows.

Pests & Diseases: Deer may nibble bottom leaves. Comments: ITA level 1. Over 2000 cultivars are available! Many are much smaller. Cultivars come and go like trends. From pure white single or double flowers to dark

claret: white edged singles, even pale yellow - all very fragrant. `Charles Joly` has double dark purple flowers.

Viburnum x bodnantense `Dawn` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dawn viburnumâ&#x20AC;? ABOXACEAE

Deciduous shrub Zone: 7-8

Height: 9-10 feet

Width: 6-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, branches, tree-like. Leaf::Quilted leaves turn reddish in autumn.

Flower: Clusters of fragrant, pink tubular flowers (Sept to March, best in Oct). Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to semi-shade. Soil::Well-drained, deep, rich.

Moisture: Average watering, but will handle poor sites. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Only prune to remove a branch right to ground after blooming. No heading cuts. Landscape Use::Long lasting bloom. Somewhere to rear of garden. Pests & Diseases: Double check for beetle susceptibility. Comments::An AGM winner. Propagate from cuttings.

Deciduous Trees

Acer griseum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Paperbark mapleâ&#x20AC;? SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous/tree Zone: 6-9

Height: 20-30 feet

Width: 20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Small tree. Multi-trunked, but could be single stem.

Leaf: Three, coarsely toothed leaflets. Dark green above, silvery below. Copper red peeling bark especially striking on young trees. Flower: Produces samara with 3 points. Insignificant flowers. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average to fertile, slightly acidic. Can tolerate clay if well-drained. Moisture: Evenly moist. Avoid prolonged drought.

Maintenance & Pruning: Sterilize tools before and after if you must prune. Landscape Use: Specimen tree that is reliable and small with a 4 season interest. Backlight to accentuate the bark. As the branches descend it can take up a fair bit of space.

Pests & Diseases: Susceptible to verticillium wilt. Avoid pruning, but if you do,

sterilize tools. Cannot plant another maple in the same soil if contracted. Protect young trees from deer. Comments: AGM winner, ITA level 1. Native to China. Expensive, hard to propagate. Almost never grows from seed.

Acer palmatum `Sango-kaku` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Coral bark mapleâ&#x20AC;? SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone::6-8

Height: 20 feet

Width::15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Young bark is a dramatic orangered. Shallow roots.

Leaf::5-lobed leaves emerge orange-yellow, soft green through summer and turn yellow in fall.

Flower: Purple-red corymbs. Red fruit samaras. Conditions:

Sun::Light shade to sun. Soil: Well-drained, fertile soil.

Moisture: Evenly moist. Do not like drought. Maintenance & Pruning::If you must prune, do in June or July, or will bleed (like birches & walnuts). Surface roots should be mulched. Landscape Use::Out of hot sun and wind. Specimen, Japanese gardens. Pests & Diseases::Black spots mean disease. Comments::Prone to twig dieback. Also sold as A. p. `Senkaki`.

Acer palmatum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japanese mapleâ&#x20AC;? SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-8

Height: 20 feet

Width: 10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Often vase-like, upright, compact.

Leaf: Medium, 5 to 9-lobed, green, palmate. Flower: Purple-red flowers and red samaras. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Tip prune, pinch off D, D & D. Be methodical with pruning for shape.

Landscape Use: Use as a feature tree. Give it space and do not let it drown in the background foliage of other larger conifers. Pests & Diseases: Verticillium wilt can be a problem. Comments: ITA level 1. Grafted forms are shorter, more weeping, more spreading, less tough, more expensive than seedlings. Acer palmatum f. atropurpureum has

purple leaves. An ID point is that all maples have opposite leaves and branches. Many named cultivars and forms.

Acer platanoides â&#x20AC;&#x153;Norway mapleâ&#x20AC;? SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 3-7

Height: 60-80 feet

Width: 50 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense canopy, unruly. Leaf: 3-6 inch long, broadly ovate, opposite

with 3 to 5 lobes, each with an almost threadlike tip. Turn from green to clear yellow or red.

Flower: Conspicuous upright corymbs of yellow blooms become pairs of samaras. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to part shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Do any pruning in July (after sap runs). Landscape Use: Low maintenance, architectural, natural. Pests & Diseases: Aphids, verticillium wilt can be an issue. Comments: ITA level 1. Stems exude a milky sap when broken.

Acer rubrum “Swamp maple” “Red maple” SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-9

Height: 40-70 feet

Width: 30-50 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Round-headed, gangly. Emerging twigs are tinged red.

Leaf: Palmately-lobed changing to red and orange in fall.

Flower: Red samaras. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Tolerant of wide range, prefers slightly acidic. Moisture: Can handle wet.

Maintenance & Pruning: Needs shelter as it grows quickly and can be damaged in strong winds. Shallow rooted, so best not to plant near foundations or pathways. Thinning cuts.

Landscape Use: Natural, woodland, architectural, low-maintenance. Pests & Diseases: Generally P & D free. Comments: ITA level 2. Native to Eastern and Central North America. Street trees often have shorter life spans - generally 20 - 25 years. A. r. `Scanlon` is more

suitable for garden use. It is broadly columnar with a height of 50 feet and width of 20 feet. A. r. `Red Sunset` syn. `Franksred `is 40-50 feet high and 30-35 feet wide.

`Autumn Blaze` syn. Acer x freemanii `Jeffersred` is in the lower garden at HCP, which is a cross of A. rubrum and A. saccharinum. It is 30 to 50 feet tall and 30 to 40 feet wide and likes zones 3-8.

Aesculus hippocastanum “Horse chestnut” SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 3-8

Height: 50 - 120 feet

Width: 40 - 70 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Muscular rounded tree. Leaf: 12 inch, palmate, green.

Flower: 20-50 creamy-white blooms in foot long, upright, conical panicles in May, April. Flowers

followed by 1 or 2 shiny brown nuts (conkers) inside spiny fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Deep, fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Shallow vigorous roots hard to work under. Landscape Use: Too large for most residential gardens. Dense foliage casts shade. Plant in large field. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: ITA Level 1. Winter ID - 2cm, sticky, brown, opposite buds. Aesculus x carnea `Briotti` “Red horse chestnut” is a cross of A. hippocastanum & A. pavia.

Albizia julibrissin “Silk tree” “Mimosa” FABACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-9

Height: 20 feet Width: 15 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Single or multi-trunked. Leaf: Tropical bipinnate up to 20 inches give fern-like appearance.

Flower: Fragrant pink blooms for long period over the summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to slight shade. Soil: Moderately fertile to poor and gravelly.

Moisture: Average to dry, well-drained spot especially in winter. Maintenance & Pruning: Best out of strong winds. Can suffer limb failure. Landscape Use: Small garden, mixed border, seaside. Pests & Diseases: Verticillium wilt can cause dieback. Comments: A. j. f. rosea is the hardiest and an AGM winner. `Summer Chocolate` has

bronze-green foliage and is smaller at 20 feet height by 15 feet wide. Attract birds and bees. Invasive in southern States.

Betula pendula `Youngii` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Young`s weeping birchâ&#x20AC;? BETULACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 2-6

Height: 7-25 feet

Width: 10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Often grafted, weeping. White bark ages to white and black. Bark gets rugged and peels at base. Shallow roots.

Leaf: Small 2.5 inch, diamond-shaped. Gold in fall. Flower: Catkins. Conditions: Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Humus rich. Moisture: Even. Maintenance & Pruning: Weeps to ground unless pruned up. Prune birches, maples and walnuts in July only. Low maintenance.

Landscape Use: Graceful specimen, especially by water. Pests & Diseases: Bronze birch bore. Comments: ITA level 1.

Catalpa bignonioides “Indian bean tree” “Southern catalpa” BIGNONIACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 5-9

Height: 30-70 feet

Width: 30-70 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tall, gangly. Leaf: Heart-shaped up to 10 inches.

Flower: Panicles of 2 inch white bells. Bean pods to 16 inches. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Coppiced annually or biennially, or pollarded. Brittle in wind.

Landscape Use: Specimen tree, architectural, by a pond. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest free, susceptible to verticillium wilt. Comments: ITA level 2 is Catalpa speciosa “Western catalpa” is fast to 40+ feet,

easily transplanted. C. b. `Aurea` has bright yellow foliage, which is bronze when young and 30 x 30 feet.

Cercidiphyllum japonicum f. pendulum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weeping katsura treeâ&#x20AC;? CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE Deciduous tree Zone: 4-8

Height: 15-20 feet

Width: 10-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Weeping. Leaf: Opposite heart-shaped. Coppery bronze

turning blue-green and then bright gold smelling like brown sugar. Flower: Inconspicuous. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Any.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Shallow rooted and intolerant of dry soils, especially when young. Best in shelter. Colours best in acidic soils.

Landscape Use: Low maintenance, natural, woodland, specimen. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: Height depends a bit on where the graft is. Higher the grafting point taller the tree. Takes 20-50 years to hit ultimate height.

Cornus kousa â&#x20AC;&#x153;Kousa dogwoodâ&#x20AC;? CORNACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 5-8

Height: 22 feet

Width: 15-20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Elegant tree or multi-stemmed shrub.

Leaf: Oval, green, turning reddish purple in autumn.

Flower: 4 pointy cream bracts surround fleshy red raspberry-like center in early summer. Conditions: Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Semi-shade is best for thin-barked trunk. Soil: Fertile, humus, neutral to acid.

Moisture: Well-drained, average water. Maintenance & Pruning: Fibrous root system, be sure not to disturb. Landscape Use: Use in a large container, flower borders and beds. Pests & Diseases: Less susceptible to anthracnose. Comments: Propagate by semi-hardwood or hardwood cuttings. C. kousa x florida = Rutger hybrids (excellent and resistant to anthracnose).

Davidia involucrata “Dove tree” “Handkerchief tree” NYSSACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-8

Height: 50 feet Width: 30 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Maintains strong central leader while young. Becomes more sprawling with age. Leaf: Bright green, broadly ovate.

Flower: Small blooms in a dark button flanked by

2 large, showy, unequal white bracts in May. Pendant fruit remain through winter. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to part shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Shelter from strong winds. Plant whole fruit. Landscape Use: Cottage styles, informal. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest free. Comments: Takes 10-20 years to flower from seed. `Sonoma` blooms within 2 - 3 years!

Fagus sylvatica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Beechâ&#x20AC;? FAGACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-7

Height: 50-60 feet

Width: 50 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Broad, pyramidal. Leaf: Alternate, wavy, glossy dark green to red.

Flower: Small, green, followed by bristly fruit. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Acidic.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Early spring, D, D, & D. Landscape Use: Natural, large spaces. Pests & Diseases: Mildew, aphids, canker, beech bark disease. Comments: F.s. `Purple fountain` and `Purpurea Pendula` are weeping forms with

purple leaves. They have upright trunks with graceful hanging branches. Among the slowest growing forms and narrow in shape.

Ficus carica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common figâ&#x20AC;? MORACEAE

Large deciduous shrub or small tree Zone: 7-10

Height: 10 feet

Width: 13 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright and spreading. Leaf: Rounded 3 or 5 lobed 4-10 inches long with heart shaped base.

Flower: Blooms within a syconium (hollow receptacles) swells into fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, can handle drought, but fruit may drop prematurely. Maintenance & Pruning: Net the foliage as the fruit ripens. Prune early spring after frost has passed. Landscape Use: Sheltered. Cottage, Mediterranean, specimen, architectural. Pests & Diseases: Deer enjoy and will rub. Smaller pests may eat the fruit. Comments: Check out www.fruittreesandme.com for lots of good info. `Desert King` is most desirable in Victoria.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica “Green ash” “American ash” OLEACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-9

Height: 70 feet Width: 70 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast, upright, oval crown. Leaf: 6-12 inch pinnate with 5 or 7-9 leaflets, which turn yellow in fall.

Flower: Inconspicuous flowers appear after

leaves. Dioecious, samaras on female trees. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Neutral to alkaline.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Thinning in spring. Landscape Use: Boulevard, backyards, cold zones. Pests & Diseases: Ash borer, anthracnose, verticillium wilt. Comments: ITA level 2. F. ornus is common in Victoria as a boulevard tree.

Heptacodium miconioides â&#x20AC;&#x153;Seven son flowerâ&#x20AC;? CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 5-9

Height: 15-25 feet

Width: 8-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Single or multi-stemmed small tree.

Leaf: Dark green, simple 3-veined. Flower: Prolific panicles of sweetly scented white blooms. Dark red fruits in fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, takes some drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance, thinning cuts when necessary. Landscape Use: Coastal, informal, specimen, flower borders, winter or front gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Dropping and curling in leaves can be a problem. Comments: AGM winner. Propagate by softwood cuttings in spring, seed, or semi-hard in summer.

Koelreuteria paniculata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Golden rain treeâ&#x20AC;? SAPINDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-9

Height: 40 feet Width: 25 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Handsome, evenly branched, 1 trunk or multi, deep roots.

Leaf: Pinnate, coppery in spring and yellow in fall.

Flower: 12 inch airy panicles of yellow blooms become papery lanterns. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Average water to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Takes wind, cold and heat, but water while young. Landscape Use: Specimen, low maintenance, drought tolerant. Pests & Diseases: D, D & D prune in early winter. Deer like young foliage. Comments: Great pollinator. Native to Korea and China.

Laburnum anagyroides “Laburnum” “Golden chain tree” FABACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-8

Height: 25 feet

Width: 25 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Spreading and gangly. Leaf: Trifoliate.

Flower: 4-12 inch long racemes in May of fragrant, yellow, pea-like blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average water to summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Self-sows. Remove seed heads and suckering at base. NO soggy soil.

Landscape Use: Can be used for espaliers, pergolas, and or a specimen tree. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Short-lived to usually less than 50 years. Seeds slightly poisonous. L. x watereri `Vossi` is less pendulous, has longer racemes to 24 inches and far fewer seeds.

Liquidambar styraciflua “Liquid amber” “Sweet gum” HAMAMELIDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-9

Height: 60 feet

Width: 20-25 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast, tall, broadly conical. Leaf: Alternate, maple-like, scented. Late fall colours of yellows through mahogany until December or January.

Flower: Inconspicuous, scented, blooms in May. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun best to part shade. Soil: Acidic to neutral, yet lime tolerant. Loam. Moisture: Well-drained, deep, even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Minimal thinning. D, D & D. Slow to recover from transplanting and being root bound. Fleshy, coarse, shallow roots. Fragile to wind damage.

Landscape Use: Sheltered, specimen, woodlands, natural, flower borders and beds, sensory.

Pests & Diseases: Trouble free. Comments: ITA level 2.

Magnolia sieboldii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oyama magnoliaâ&#x20AC;? MAGNOLIACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-9

Height: 25 feet

Width: 40 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tends to branch like a shrub. Leaf: Dark green, ovate, 6 inches in size.

Flower: Fragrant, 4 inch, white, 6-12 petals with crimson anthers and purple stamen. Blooms in late spring to late summer. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Humus rich, alkaline to acidic. Moisture: Well-drained, moist.

Maintenance & Pruning: Mulch shallow roots. Transplant only with a good rootball and only as growth starts! Prune in midsummer when in full leaf. Landscape Use: Informal gardens, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Fungal viruses pose a threat. Comments: Can use for cut flowers.

Magnolia stellata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Star magnoliaâ&#x20AC;? MAGNOLIACEAE

Deciduous shrub or tree Zone: 5-9

Height: 10-20 feet

Width: 12 to 20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Multi-stemmed, can be pruned up to a small tree.

Leaf: Narrow obovate. Appear after flower. Flower: Silvery gray, fuzzy buds with white to pale pink star-shaped flowers. Conditions:

Sun: Likes semi-shade, but will take range. Soil: Humus rich, slightly alkaline soil with even moisture. Moisture: Even, well-drained or else roots will rot.

Maintenance & Pruning: Prune before bud-break and for shape. If pruned too early can get canker from sun burn. Mulch in sun. Has shallow roots, drought may pose threat.

Landscape Use: Focal point tree. Happy in a container. Blooms early at 3 years. Small gardens.

Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: ITA Level 2. `Rosea` buds are dark pink, open pink and fade to pink-white to white. This one is generally a bit smaller at 10-15 feet in height.

Malus floribunda â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japanese crabâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-8

Height: 39 feet Width: 26 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Densely branched and roundheaded.

Leaf: Narrow, green. Flower: Crimson buds develop into white or pale pink blooms in mid and late spring. Pommes. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune only to establish a good framework. Landscape Use: Good for a tough spot in the garden, containers, architectural, city. Pests & Diseases: Webworms can defoliate, so blast off with water. Comments: ITA level 1. Crab apples are tougher and can handle wet soils better than other fruit trees. Some are sterile and do not drop messy fruit on sidewalks.

Parrotia persica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Persian ironwoodâ&#x20AC;? HAMAMELIDACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-8

Height: 25-30 feet

Width: 25-30 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Wide-spreading. Leaf: Broadly ovate and turn red, orange and purple in fall.

Flower: Small crimson red flowers in late winter and early spring. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Prefers slightly acidic, tolerates most. Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Thin only when necessary. Take car not to damage roots as it will sucker badly.

Landscape Use: Low-maintenance, architectural, woodland, centre of a lawn, large mixed borders. Winter bark exfoliates, which looks nice in sun. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: `Vanessa` is upright and columnar at 15-25 feet tall and 10-15 feet wide. `Ruby Vase` is vase-like to 16 feet wide to 28 feet high with dark green leaves in

summer with ruby red tips in fall, which to bight red overall. Both cultivars are a form suitable to street settings.

Platanus x hispanica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sycamoreâ&#x20AC;? PLATANACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 5-8

Height: 40-100 feet

Width: 30-70 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Grey camouflage bark exfoliates to a dark green, stately.

Leaf: 3-5 lobed, palmate, alternate, medium green to 14 inches in width. Bristles irritate throat and skin.

Flower: Inconspicuous followed by itchy fruits up to 1 inch in size, usually in pairs, sometimes 3`s. Can last through the winter. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile to average, deep.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance, prune with selective thinning cuts only when necessary. Landscape Use: Streets, courtyard, coastal. Pests & Diseases: Anthracnose and root rot. Comments: ITA level 2. Becomes tolerant of street conditions, widely planted in London and pollarded. Roots heave sidewalks and drains.

Prunus cerasifera `Pissardii` “Pissard plum” “Purple leafed plum” ROSACEAE

Deciduous Tree Zone::6-8

Height::50 feet

Width: 50 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Dark bark and full. Leaf::Dark reddish-purple.

Flower::Profusion of pale pink, fading to white, solitary flowers in March, before leaves. Some dark, edible plums. Conditions: Sun::Full sun, some shade.

Soil::Drainage is key! Moderately fertile. Moisture::Even. Maintenance & Pruning::Can prune to 20 feet or even down to 1.5 foot hedge. Summer prune only.

Landscape Use::City boulevards. Simple gardens with dark green bushes and conifers.

Pests & Diseases::Cherry bark tortrix. Comments::Scratch the bark to cambium when young to see which flower colour it is. Propagate by cuttings. P. c. `Nigra` has darker flowers, leaves, and twig cambium. “Black cherry plum” RHS, AGM.

Prunus x blireana “Purple leafed plum” “Blireana plum” ROSACEAE

Decidious tree Zone::5-9

Height::25 feet

Width: 20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Arthritic tangle of branches. Leaf::Reddish-purple, greenish-bronze by summer.

Flower::Semi-double, pink to rose, fragrant, solitary bloom in February, March before the leaves. Conditions:

Sun::Sun is best to dappled shade.

Soil::Well-drained, average fertility. Moisture::Average. Maintenance & Pruning::Summer prune only. Landscape Use::Beautiful in these streets. Pests & Diseases::Cherry bark tortrix. Flies lay eggs in lenticles. Comments: RHS, AGM. 23 different varieties. Propagate by stem cuttings.

Prunus `Kanzan` syn. `Kwanzan` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Flowering Cherryâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 6-9

Height: 30 feet

Width: 20-30 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright vase-shape when young. Wider with age.

Leaf: New ones are bronze-red. Flower: Large, fully double deep pink or rose-red in pendent clusters of 2-5. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Well-drained! Moisture: Even. Maintenance & Pruning: Hates winter rain! Never dig underneath a cherry or

Rosaceae, for that matter. Prune in summer due to more resistance to disease at fullbore. Landscape Use: Found on Bay St to Belmont to Cedar Hill, Menzies from Belleville to Superior, Moss to Fort to Dallas and more. Pests & Diseases: Shot hole, caterpillars, borers, scale, leaf hoppers, crown

gall, mushroom rot, dieback (less so in Victoria), lesions, fireblight, leaf curl, powdery mildew and viruses (ringspot and mosaic). Protect from rabbit and deer when young.

Comments: Usually grafted onto a high understock.

Pyrus salicifolia `Pendula` “Weeping silver pear” “Willowleaf Pear” ROSACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-8

Height: 20 feet

Width: 10-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Round-headed weeping form. Leaf: Woolly, gray-green linear.

Flower: White oddly-scented. Small inedible pears in summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Well-drained and fertile.

Moisture: Even. Can be drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Very low maintenance. Best pruned in summer and carefully to open canopy. Use thinning cuts. Landscape Use: Put a clematis underneath for extra interest. Mixed borders, hedgerows. Use colour against darker greens or purple. Small garden tree.

Pests & Diseases: Can get fireblight in hot humid climates. Also, honey fungus, powdery mildew, canker, pear scab - especially if poorly grown. Comments: AGM winner.

Quercus palustris “Pin Oak” FAGACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 5-8

Height: 50-100 feet

Width: 25-40 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Strongly pyramidal with a central leader.

Leaf: Deeply cut, glossy green and turns brilliant red and orange in fall. Browned leaves may persist over winter.

Flower: Inconspicuous followed by acorns. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Wide range, prefers acidic. Moisture: Average to wet. Maintenance & Pruning: Can become chlorotic in alkaline soils. Tolerant to

flooding and poor drainage. Lower branches are usually removed as the tree ages. Landscape Use: Rain gardens, natural, woodland, informal, streets. Pests & Diseases: Disease free in Victoria. Comments: ITA level 2. Native to North America in low lying areas. Lower branches

are descending, middle branches are largely horizontal and the upper branches are upright, dark green in summer, russet-red in the autumn. Q. p. `Pringreen` “Green pillar oak” is upright branching at 20 feet tall and 6 feet wide.

Quercus rubra â&#x20AC;&#x153;Northern red oakâ&#x20AC;? FAGACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-8

Height: 50-75 feet

Width: 50-75 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast, upright form, silver, smooth bark growing more fissured with age.

Leaf: Characteristic lobed or toothed. Turn red in fall.

Flower: Inconspicuous blooms and later on acorns appear. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile, acidic.

Moisture: Well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Can become chlorotic in alkaline soils. Low maintenance and prune selectively with thinning cuts only when necessary. Landscape Use: Low maintenance, cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Oak wilt is rare in Victoria. Comments: ITA level 2. Older (from previous season) and newer acorns will appear on the same branches. Native to Eastern North America. Good for both timber and ornamental uses.

Robinia pseudoacacia “Black locust” PAPILIONACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-9

Height: 25 feet Width: 15 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Suckering, spreading. Leaf: 5-11 dark green leaflets per stem./

Flower: Dense clusters of pea-like drooping white blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained is key. Can take drought once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Sucker removal and summer pruning necessary to avoid bleeding. Propagate by root cuttings or suckers.

Landscape Use: Low maintenance, drought resistant, avoid sopping wet soil! Pests & Diseases: Dieback, root rot, Armillaria “honey fungus” and Phytophthora all occur if planted in a poor draining spot.

Comments: ITA level 2. Often referred to as a weed, but has popular cultivars. `Frisia` has golden yellow foliage and height can go to 25 feet and 15 feet in width. `Twisty Baby` syn. `Lace Lady` is smaller from 10 feet in height to 15 feet in width with twisted branches, leaves and flowers.

Sorbus spp. & cvs. “Mountain ash” “Rowan” ROSACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 4-7

Height: 50 feet Width: Varies Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast, vase-like. Leaf: Simple or pinnate, grey-green, green.

Flower: Corymbs of white blooms. Clusters of orange, red, white, pink, wine, yellow berries in early fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Simple leaved versions tolerate sun, wind and drought, especially new shrub and tree introductions from China.

Moisture: Those with pinnate leaves require well-drained, average conditions. Maintenance & Pruning: Thinning cuts when necessary. Landscape Use: Low maintenance, city, natural. Pests & Diseases: Honey fungus, canker, aphids, mites. Comments: Tends to be short-lived. Self-seeds around. Sorbus aucuparia “Rowan” is ITA level 2.

Stewartia pseudocamellia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japanese Stewartiaâ&#x20AC;? THEACEAE

Deciduous tree Zone: 5-8

Height: 30-60 feet

Width: 20-25 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Colourful peeling bark, broadly columnar when young and opens with age.

Leaf: Ovate turning bright red in the fall. Flower: Showy white blooms with yellow anthers

in early summer. Fruits are 5-valued brownish capsules that split with maturity and hang well into the following year. Conditions: Sun: Sun to part shade. Soil: Rich, acidic.

Moisture: Average to moist, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune with great caution - thinning cuts only. No transplanting! Needs a sheltered spot.

Landscape Use: Architectural, wall side, to be look down upon for grandeur. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: Native to Japan. Propagate by softwood cuttings in early summer. Hardwood cuttings in mid to late summer. Propagate by seed outdoors in autumn.

Evergreen Perennials

Acanthus mollis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bear`s breechesâ&#x20AC;? ACANTHACEAE

Evergreen or semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 7-10

Height: 5 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Columnar, insect-like. Leaf: Lobed, dark green up to 3 feet long. Flower: Racemes of two-lipped blooms.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun best to part-shade. Soil: Good fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, tolerates dry conditions in less light. Maintenance & Pruning: Can do well in large container protected in winter. Burry the pot. Cut down old leaves to basal growth, but do not cut basal growth. Seed heads can be left for winter interest. Fades in full sun, but definitely needs some to flower. Remove flower spikes if using just for foliage. Landscape Use: 4-season, mixed, cottage, foliage, mass planting. Pests & Diseases: Prone to slug and snail damage, but usually not bothered by deer. Comments: Acanthus spinosus is smaller and more compact with deeply cut dark green leaves. Height 18 inches and width 24 inches with flower spikes up to 3 feet. It is

hardier and can be reliably hardy down to zone 5. AGM winner. Leaves used in Roman and Greek architecture.

Acorus gramineus `Ogon` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Variegated sweet flagâ&#x20AC;? ACORACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::5-9

Height::20 inches

Width::20 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Clump forming. Leaf::Lightly striped with yellow-green. Fragrant when crushed.

Flower::Insignificant spike-like flowers. Conditions: Sun::Full sun to bright shade.

Soil::Any moist soil, can even take clay. Moisture::Medium to wet. Maintenance & Pruning::Do not cut hard - very slow growing. Will scorch in full sun without adequate moisture. Benefit with mulch in cooler climates. Easy to divide. Low maintenance. Will spread, but not invasive. Landscape Use::Plant closely 6-8 inches apart. Rain gardens. Great for erosion control. Marginal aquatic, therefore, can be planted in up to 3 inches of water. Use for edging, containers, groundcovers. Brightens up a darker spot. Pests & Diseases::Deer do not eat although rabbits may nibble. Comments::ITA level 2. A. g. `Variegatus` has green and white margins, best in bright shade. A. g. `Oborozuki` is 8 inches in height by 18 inches in width with golden leaves and thin green stripes.

Adiantum venustum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Maidenhair fernâ&#x20AC;? PTERIDACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 6 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Narrow, fan shaped, black stalks. Mat-forming, thin rhizomes.

Leaf: Pinnate mid-green fronds 6-12 inches long. Flower: None. Conditions:

Sun: Part shade to full shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back old in January and February. Landscape Use: Mixed borders, woodland, underplanting. Pests & Diseases: Root rot if not well-drained. Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: RHS AGM award. New fronds emerge pink-bronze late winter and or early spring. Tolerant of morning sun adequate moisture. Propagate by division. Herbaceous below -10 degrees Celsius.

Aeonium `Zwartkop` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Aeonium `Zwartkop`â&#x20AC;? CRASSULACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 9+

Height: 6 feet

Width: 6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, subtropical. Leaf: Fleshy, black-purple to green, obovate. Flower: Panicles of yellow stars in spring.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun or turns greenish. Semi-shade in hotter climates. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Usually kept indoors in winter (min 10 degrees). Give lots of light! Fertilize with 20-20-20 every so often. No real pruning required. Landscape Use: Keep in pots, med-style, patio. Pests & Diseases: Aphids can be an issue, disease free. Comments: Propagate by cuttings and by leaf with heel piece. Check out Huntington Gardens in LA to see some cool displays. Other colour forms in Victoria can be named Aeonium arboreum.

Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sicilian chamomileâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 1 foot

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Loose evergreen mat (woody based perennial).

Leaf: Lacy, aromatic, silvery grey (1 or 2 pinnatisect). Flower: Bright, long-lasting daisies (white ray and yellow disk florets) in April and May and again in late summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Sandy or gravelly, moderately fertile. Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant.

Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back hard after flowering to encourage basal growth over winter. Clip over first flush of growth. Easily maintained from basal cuttings in spring or late summer.

Landscape Use: Good edging plant, but short-lived. Hardy up to -10 degrees Celsius.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: RHS AGM. Native to Sicily.

Asplenium scolopendrium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hart`s tongue fernâ&#x20AC;? ASPLENIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::6-8

Height: 18 inches

Width: 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Wide, wavy. Leaf::Bright green, leathery, strap-like. Flower: Spores on underside of leaves.

Conditions: Sun::Dappled to full shade.

Soil: Well-drained, humus-rich, moderately fertile soil. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Cut down in early March. Tolerates acidic sites and periods of drought. Lime in November. Landscape Use: Woodland, high-contrast. Pests & Disease: Can become chlorotic if too dry. Comments: Syn. Phylitis scolopendrium. An AGM winner.

Astelia chathamica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Silver spearâ&#x20AC;? ASTELIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 8-10

Height: 3 feet

Width: 3 feet (clump)

3 inches (rosette)

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming grass. Leaf: Sword-shaped, silvery leaves form rosettes.

Flower: Insignificant green or brown flowers in the spring followed by berries (still have not seen in Victoria). Conditions:

Sun: Part to light shade to full sun, sheltered. Soil: Average to gritty.

Moisture: Well-drained, evenly moist. Tolerate some drought once established, but not too much.

Maintenance & Pruning: Do not cut down, just groom the old leaves out. Landscape Use: Protect from harsh cold. Tolerant of seaside conditions. Front garden use. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. No diseases. Comments::Hardier than once thought.

Aubrieta deltoidea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rock cressâ&#x20AC;? BRASSICACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 6-8 inches

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Ground cover. Leaf: Small grey-green leaves.

Flower: Racemes of small 4-petalled flowers. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light shade.

Soil: Average to poor, well-drained soil. Like rock crevices. Moisture: Dry, cool.

Maintenance & Pruning: Cut hard and will renew. Landscape Use: Edging, containers, rock gardens. Good for layering. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Buy in flower. A. d. `Argenteovariegata` - strong variegation of creamywhite and green, rich purple flowers. It can revert so remove any straight green. Bees love in spring.

Beesia calthifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ginger-leaf bugbaneâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-8

Height: 8 inches

Width: 12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping groundcover. Leaf: Glossy heart-shaped.

Flower: Star-shaped white blooms on 10 inch purple spikes through spring and summer. Conditions:

Sun: Dappled to full shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Not suitable for dry shade. Low-maintenance, just groom

out old leaves. Take a clump out and move if desired. Try not to disturb the roots as it is slow to establish. Landscape Use: Superb groundcover, containers, woodland, mix with hostas and ferns, front gardens.

Pests & Diseases: Appears to be deer resistant. Comments: Native to China.

Bergenia cordifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pigsqueakâ&#x20AC;? SAXIFRAGACEAE

Evergreen perennial(in Victoria) Zone: 3-8

Height: 12 - 18 inches

Width: 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, vigorous. Leaf: Leathery, rounded, green.

Flower: Sprays of deep pink flowers in spring. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part-shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, prefers moist, but handles dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Tough plant, will tolerate poorer conditions. Landscape Use: Use as a groundcover, natural and in mixed borders. Pests & Diseases: Prone to root weevils. Deer food. Comments: B. g. `Eroica` has deep fuchsia blooms and burgundy leaves in winter. `Pink Dragonfly` is taller, more upright, smaller, with narrow leaves. `Lunar glow` is lime green in the winter, but a poor performer. `Winterglut` is deep pink to red, dark

green leaves, burgundy in the fall and winter. `Abenglut` is a good choice for winter, deep purple-pink flowers. `Bressingham White` snowy white turning quickly to pale pink (very robust). ITA level 1.

Blechnum spicant â&#x20AC;&#x153;Deer fernâ&#x20AC;? BLECHNACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 8-20 inches

Width: 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Prostrate rosette. Leaf: Deep green, lance-shaped, pinnate fronds. Taller, brown, fertile fronds emerge up through centre in mid-sring.

Flower: Yellow spores. Conditions:

Sun: Semi to full shade. Soil: Humus rich, acidic.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Take down in spring or mid-March to allow for the new fronds to emerge. Landscape Use: Mixed borders, woodlands, native. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: ITA level 2. Propagate by division in spring or by sowing spores.

Calopsis paniculata “Restio” “Cape reed” RESTIONACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::8b-11

Height: 3-10 feet

Width::10-25 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright clump. Leaf::Reed-like stems and leaves with feathery texture.

Flower: Brownish orange flowering stems. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun.

Soil: Heavy, acidic. Moisture: Moist, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide and dig up in spring or fall. Buy and plant in spring.

Landscape Use::Space 3-4 inches apart. Put in a 1 or 2 gallon pot. Feature plant, if smaller you can mass plant. Offer it some protection. Pests & Diseases: Generally disease, pest free. Comments::Comes from the Southern Hemisphere. Can be made into a broom. Tender, but one of the hardier ones (to -9.4 Celsius). Males are less showy than females.

Campanula persicifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Peach-leaved bellflowerâ&#x20AC;? CAMPANULACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 2-3 feet

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Very upright. Leaf: Overwintering rosette of lance to oblong.

Flower: White or lilac-blue cups in terminal racemes of 1, 2, or 3 in June to July. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to sun.

Soil: Fertile, neutral to alkaline, but can handle acid. Moisture: Well-drained, moist best, but handles drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back after flower to prevent self-seed and potentially a second flush of blooms.

Landscape Use: Underplanting of roses and shrubs, cottage, informal, cut flowers. Pests & Diseases: Slugs could be an issue. Comments: ITA level 1. Good pollinator.

Carex buchananii “Leatherleaf sedge” “ Curly sedge” CYPERACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 20-30 inches

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, dense tuft. Leaf: Arching, reddish-bronze, grass-like. Curl at tips.

Flower: Spikes mid to late summer, but essentially a foliage plant. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained and average. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide in spring. Rake out dead leaves. Landscape Use: Mass plant, containers, city, low maintenance, architectural, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Aphids can be an issue. Comments: ITA level 2. Short rhizomes, spreads by seed. Stems are solid without

nodes (definition of Carex). Sedges have edges and rushes are round, grasses have knees that bend to the ground.

Carex comans â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Zealand hair sedgeâ&#x20AC;? CYPERACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::7-9

Height::10-14 inches

Width::2-2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Dense arching mound. Leaf::Fine, light yellowish-green to reddishbrown.

Flower: None. Conditions:

Sun::Sun to semi-shade.

Soil::Average, well-drained. Moisture::Tolerates some drought. Maintenance & Pruning::Not fussy, groom out spent leaves. Landscape Use::Edging, pots, en mass. Pests & Diseases::None mentioned. Comments::C. comans `Frosty Curls` is silvery-green. C. comans `bronze-leaved` is light reddish-brown. C. buchananii is very upright. Self-sows, but no runners.

Carex morrowii `Ice Dance` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sedgeâ&#x20AC;? CYPERACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 9-12 inches

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Thick masses, rhizomes. Leaf: Linear, green, strap-shaped. Flower: Small brown seed heads.

Conditions:

Sun: Part sun to full shade. Soil: Tolerates most including clay.

Moisture: Medium to wet, but never submerged. Maintenance & Pruning: Takes full sun only in a very wet spot. The tips dry out easily and the colour dims. Can take drier conditions in shade. Remove old leaves in spring, do not cut leaves. Divide in spring. Can be thinned, but best to replace older plants with newer ones from the edges. Landscape Use: Low maintenance groundcover, rain garden, mass plant, erosion control, containers. Good with ferns and hostas, darker leaved hellebores. Pests & Diseases: Trouble free. Rabbit and deer resistant. Comments: Carex oshimensis `Evergold` holds up better with a tidier look.

Carex testacea `Prairie Fire` â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Zealand hair sedge `Prairie Fire`â&#x20AC;? CYPERACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 8-9

Height: 1.5 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Low, cascading mound. Leaf: Linear, arching, olive green, which turn coppery brown in summer. More orange tint in winter.

Flower: Insignificant brown flower spikes in early summer. These stems droop gracefully with age. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist to average. Maintenance & Pruning: Does not tolerant excessive drought or winter wet. Pull or comb out old foliage by hand to keep neat looking. Divide in spring. One of the coldhardy NZ sedges.

Landscape Use: Valuable foliage plant for all-season interest. Great in beds, containers, coastal and cottage.

Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Spreads by seed rather than rhizome.

Cortaderia selloana `Aureolineata` `Gold Band` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pampas grass `Aureolineata`â&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone:7-10

Height::7 feet (with plumes)

Width::5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Arching mound of erect stems. Leaf::Rough-edged , linear with bright yellow margins.

Flower: Silvery-white plumes (panicles) of spikelets in late summer. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun. Soil::Rich = growth.

Moisture::Well-drained to drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Grows quickly, cut down plumes 2-3 inches in spring. Landscape Use::Seaside use. Hedges, mass plant, corners. Put in 2 gallon pot. Pests & Diseases::No real p & d. Comments::AGM winner. Colours intensify later in the season. Banned in California. They spread by seed. Saw low mid-March to April 1st.

Dianthus chinensis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Annual pinkâ&#x20AC;? CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Evergreen perennial or biennial Zone: 7-10

Height: 6-12 inches

Width: 6-9 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Small and fine. Leaf: Narrow, pointy.

Flower: Up to 15 single flowers per cyme in summer. Red, pink, lilac, white or bicolours. Little to no scent. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Neutral to alkaline, light compost. Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: No compost up close to the stems as it could cause fungal rot.

Landscape Use: Rock gardens, informal, flower borders, cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Slugs could be an issue. Comments: ITA level 2. Propagate by layering after flower or soft-wood cuttings from non-flowering shoots.

Dryopteris erythrosora â&#x20AC;&#x153;Autumn fernâ&#x20AC;? DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 1.5-2.5 feet

Width: 1.5-2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright. Leaf: Coppery pink-red fronds in spring and summer, which then turn lime green. Flower: Pink spore heaps.

Conditions:

Sun: Part sun to full shade.

Soil: Humus rich, slightly acidic. Moisture: Even. Maintenance & Pruning: Colours best in the shade, can be grown in more sun, but

will pale out. Morning sun only. Carefully remove old stems only as new ones emerge. Landscape Use: Mass plant, hostas and deciduous plantings for winter interest, woodlands, under rhodos (shade tolerant shrubs). Pests & Diseases: Trouble free. Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: D. e. `Brilliance` has stunning colour and is slightly smaller. Native to east Asia.

Echeveria imbricata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hens and chicksâ&#x20AC;? CRASSULACEAE

Evergreen perennial (succulent) Zone: 9a

Height: 4-8 inch

Width: 9 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Smooth, fleshy rosettes. Leaf: Silvery-grey, thick.

Flower: Hot shrimp-pink bells with orange tips on long stalks in summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Moderate to poorly fertile. Moisture: Well-drained, dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Bring indoors for winter unless in very sheltered pot. Good outdoors to 6.6 degrees Celsius. Propagate by stem and leaf cuttings.

Landscape Use: Groundcover, rockery, pots, med-style, drought tolerant. Pests & Diseases: Aphids can be an issue. Comments: Native to South America. Ones with cobwebs do not like moisture or rain!

Epimedium x versicolor `Sulphureum` `Neosulphureum` “Bishop`s Hat” “Barrenwort” BERBERIDACEAE

Evergreen and herbaceous, rhizomatous, perennials

Height: 14 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump forming. Leaf: Pinnately divided leaves.

Flower: Primrose yellow, 2 cm, carried in open sprays. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to dry shade. Soil: Lusher growth with well-drained and humus rich. Moisture: Even and good.

Maintenance & Pruning: Leaves can be sheared down in late winter. Flowers will stand out and new leaves will emerge for a cleaner look. Landscape Use: Groundcover, edging, rock gardens, under planting roses. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Can be notched by weevils. Comments: Most common of cultivars.

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae â&#x20AC;&#x153;Wood spurgeâ&#x20AC;? EUPHORBIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 24 inches (less in sun)

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Groundcover. Leaf: Leathery dark green.

Flower: Greenish-yellow late Feb to early summer. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade best. Handles even dry shade or moist soil in sun. Soil: Average humus. Moisture: Average.

Maintenance & Pruning: Vigorous growth - solarize with clear plastic. Landscape Use: Invasive by rhizome and seed. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: Protect skin and eyes from sap. RHS AGM.

Festuca glauca â&#x20AC;&#x153;Blue fescueâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 7-10

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Soft mound. Leaf: Blue green.

Flower: Panicles of blue-green, which fade to buff. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Poor to moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Shear to 3-4 inches in early spring. Plant about 8-10 inches apart. Landscape Use: Grow singly , in groups or as groundcover, late or early spring. Use in mass and to create movement. Mixed borders, cottage, informal, architectural. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not generally eat. Comments: Divide clumping rhizomes in spring, every 2-3 years. ITA level 2.

Helleborus argutifolius â&#x20AC;&#x153;Corsican helleboreâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height::4 feet

Width::3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bowl-shaped and nodding. Leaf::3 leathery leaflets per leaf, with spiny edges.

Flower::Pendent, cupped, pale, green flowers in

terminal cymes at end of stem of leathery leaves February to April. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade is best, to sun. Soil::Average, fertile, humus, neutral to alkaline is best. Moisture: Well-drained. even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Handles more sun and drought than other hellebores. Cut spent flower heads. Landscape Use: Flower beds, informal, cut flowers, native, woodland. Pests & Diseases::Aphids in drought. Black spot. Comments::Was referred to as H. corsicus. Has biennial stems, cut entirely after flowering. Toxic cut ends. Plant the perennial form.

Helleborus x hybridus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hybrid Lenten roseâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::6-9

Height: 18 inches

Width: 18 inches

Conditions:

Sun::Dappled shade in summer, sun to part shade in winter.

Soil::Average, with humus. Moisture::Well-drained, even. Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fine stem and bowl-shaped flower. Leaf::7-11 toothed leaflets per leaf.

Flower: Loose cymes of white, pink, purple, yellow or green flowers from January or February to mid April.

Maintenance & Pruning::Will tolerate full sun if mulched and watered in summer. Cut off foliage November to January. Don`t like roots to be bothered. Landscape Use: Flower boarders and beds. Beautiful colour. Pests & Diseases::Yellow forms are less hardy and more susceptible to virus, exhibited by spotting on both leaves and stems of blooms. Well-drained conditions can help avoid this.

Comments::ITA level 2. Move at seedling. Easy to split apart. Was referred to as H. orientalis.

Iris Pacific Coast hybrids â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pacific Coast irisâ&#x20AC;? IRIDACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 7-9

Height: 10 inches

Width: 1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping rhizomatous, arching, erect.

Leaf: Handsome, narrow arranged in basal fans. Flower: White and or shades of yellow or purple with veins from April to May. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to part shade. Soil: Well-drained, winter rains and drier summers. Moisture: Average. Can handle dry shade.

Maintenance & Pruning: Fertilize with low N in spring. Landscape Use: Rockery, informal. Pests & Diseases: Deer proof. No real P & D. Comments: Many hybrids among several Pacific coast species. Sap can irritate skin. The top 3 petals are referred to as ``standards`` and the lower 3 are referred to as ``falls``.

Iris unguicularis “Winter iris” “Algerian iris” IRIDACEAE

Syn. Iris stylosa Evergreen perennial Zone:7-9

Height: 12-18 inches

Width: 18-24 inches

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Clump-forming and rhizomatous. Leaf: Tough grass-like leaves.

Flower::Highly scented flowers appear from early winter to mid-spring. Colour can be deep violet to white, contrasting veins, central band of yellow with white flecks on the falls. Short-lived, but the patch will grow many rounds. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Alkaline to neutral. Can tolerate poor soil. Moisture: Must be well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Leave it alone! Divide in fall because they prefer wetter

conditions. It may take a few years for the plant to flower again after a move. If the soil is too rich, flowers will not form. Requires a little stress to perform. Buds are cross tolerant, the flowers are not. Groom rather than cut back.

Landscape Use::Plant by house foundations, south facing locations. Good in mixed boarders, under trees in dry sites, somewhere they can be seen in the winter.

Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant (poisonous). Slugs and snails will eat flowers. Can get root rot and botrytis (grey mould) if not well grown. Comments::Hardier than once thought.

Juncus effusus `Spiralis` JUNCACEAE Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 1.5 feet

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Upright before coiling, rhizomatous.

Leaf: Green, cylindrical, smooth.

Flower: Loose cymes of brown form along stems in summer. 6 tepals per flower. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Heavy, acidic. Moisture: Wet.

Maintenance & Pruning: Handles up to 3 inches of water. Propagate by seed or division in mid-spring to early summer. Landscape Use: Marginal aquatic, containers, pond, bog, river rocks, floral arrangements.

Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: ITA level 2.

Lamium maculatum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Spotted deadnettleâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 8 inches

Width: 3 feet to spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Low spreader by stolons. Leaf: Coarsely toothed, ovate.

Flower: Spikes of whorled blooms in red-purple, pink or white. Conditions:

Sun: Semi to full shade.

Soil: Moderately fertile. Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Use a mower or string trimmer to take down. Fairly

invasive. Prune in spring. Can be suffocated with turf. Can be fertilized under a translucent tarp, cut down and repeated until gone. Landscape Use: Groundcover, flower borders, underplanting of shrubs and roses. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: ITA level 1 and 2. Spp. like L. galeobdolon (yellow flowers) are very invasive in moist, moderately fertile soils.

Leucanthemum x superbum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Shasta daisyâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 3 feet

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tall, gangly. Leaf: Basal, thick, glossy green, lance-shaped. Flower: White, single, or double ray petals radiate around yellow disk flowers in early summer to fall.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide every 3-5 years. Self-sows. Landscape Use: Formal, informal, cottage, rockery, flower borders. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: RHS AGM for two cvs. ITA level 1.

Libertia chilensis â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Zealand satin flowerâ&#x20AC;? IRIDACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 8-10

Height: 4 feet

Width: 4-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright clump. Leaf: Leathery, dark green, spiky.

Flower: Sprays of white radiate from foliage in early spring and summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Moderately fertile, humus. Moisture: Well-drained, average water. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut them as low as possible to hide cuts once gone to seed. Mulch roots.

Landscape Use: Protect from winter wind. Mass planting, mixed borders, cottage, informal, architectural. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: Propagate by division in spring or in pots by seed. Was L. Grandiflora. RHS award.

Libertia peregrinans IRIDACEAE Evergreen perennial Zone::8-10

Height: 12-18 inches

Width::12 inches

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Slowly forms dense patch, spreading from short rhizomes.

Leaf::Fans of coppery, leathery, stiff, narrow

leaves. Olive green in spring. Become bronze with orange midrib by winter.

Flower: White flowers in spring, seed heads in fall. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun for best colour, but can take part or bright shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Averagely well-drained and moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Very low maintenance. Not invasive, easy to control. To groom just pull out old leaves from side and allow new ones to grow. Mulch through

winter to protect roots. Do not cut back hard because it will come back very slowly. Landscape Use::In NZ it grows in coastal areas. Mass plant. Nice in containers. Pests & Diseases: Reliably not deer or rabbit food. Comments::Native to New Zealand. An AGM winner. If a clumping form is needed us L. ixioides. Much more tolerant than we assume.

Liriope muscari `Big Blue` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lilyturfâ&#x20AC;? ASPARAGACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 5-11

Height: 1-1.5 feet

Width: 9-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping. Leaf: Glossy dark green.

Flower: Erect spikes of violet-purple blooms in late summer followed by dark, glossy berries. Conditions: Sun: Sun to shade.

Soil: Average, acidic. Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Fairly tolerant of drought once established. Best out of full afternoon sun, but has fewer flowers in shade. Easily grown, very low-

maintenance. Can be cut down in spring, although avoid nipping new emerging leaves. Can also be groomed out. Divide every 3-4 years. Spreads, but easily controlled. Landscape Use: Edging, groundcover, erosion control, with spring bulbs, containers.

Pests & Diseases: Slugs may nibble on new leaves. Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: L. m. `Variegata` has creamy yellow margins and is best situated in more sun.

Myosotis sylvatica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Forget-me-notâ&#x20AC;? BORAGINACEAE

Evergreen biennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 5-12 inches

Width: 6-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Low and spreading. Leaf: Simple, hairy and green.

Flower: Cymes of blue, white or pink flowers, each with white and yellow eyes from spring till early summer. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile to poor.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be transplanted, not too fussy. Landscape Use: Bedding, pots and woodland gardens, mixed borders. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Self seeds.

Ophiopogon planiscapus `Nigrescens` “Black mondo grass” “Black lilyturf” ASPARAGACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 6-10 inches

Width: 6-10 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy like, made up of many blades. Slow growing but will form clumps.

Leaf: Leathery black, narrow, strap-shaped leaves. Flower::Pink bell-shaped flower, glossy blue-black berries. Flowers in summer, berries in fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil::Leafy, peaty soil.

Moisture: Even moisture, but will tolerate drought. Maintenance & Pruning:: Low maintenance. Comb out old leaves. Propagate by division in spring as growth resumes. Landscape Use: The colour pops, great as ground cover, nice in containers, stays put very well. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. May be attacked by slugs. Comments::Looks great with interesting exterior design and architecture . O. japonicus has narrow dark green, lilac flower spikes. Great for groundcover,

interesting, easy to grow as a substitute in a low-traffic area. Height and width is around 12-15 inches.

Opuntia fragilis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Prickly pear cactusâ&#x20AC;? CACTACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::7

Height::4 inches (per pad)

Width::2 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Local native spiny rounded joints or pads.

Leaf::Numerous long spines radiate from raised pores (areoles). Flower::Yellow. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun. Soil::Sandy, well-drained.

Moisture::Dry. Drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning::Fragile end joints fall off easily. Propagate by cutting allowing pads to root. Landscape Use::Nice in small pots, med-style. Spreads. Pests & Diseases::None mentioned. Comments:: O. polyacantha is native to dry BC interior. Ranges overlap.

Origanum laevigatum `Hopley`s Purple` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Marjoramâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 7-10

Height: 18- 24 inches Width: 30 inches Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Loose clump of wiry stems. Leaf: Ovate, purple flushed, aromatic.

Flower: Long-blooming tubular pink with deep purple bracts. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Poor, rocky.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought resistant. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide in spring. Self seeds itself. Landscape Use: Groundcover, edging beds, rockery. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Root rot can be an issue. Comments: Attracts butterflies and bees, beneficial insects like hover flies. `Herrenhausen` height and width is 1-2 feet with purple-pink flowers.

Pachysandra terminalis “Japanese spurge” “Pachysandra” BUXACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 6-12 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Groundcover. Leaf: Glossy green in clusters at the tips of stems.

Flower: Fragrant and tiny white late spring to summer. Conditions:

Sun: Deep shade (largest) to semi-shade. Soil: Humus, acidic. Moisture: Moist.

Maintenance & Pruning: Propagate by division. Prune broken and winter-killed stems.

Landscape Use: Spreads slowly so plant 6-12 inches apart. Underplant, edging. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Can compete with tree roots. Chlorotic in the sun. ITA 2.

Phlomis russeliana â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sticky Jerusalem sageâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen perennial or sub-shrub Zone: 4-9

Height: 4 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming, symmetrical. Leaf: Ovate, grey-green, rough textured.

Flower: Whorls of hooded, soft yellow blooms. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light open shade. Soil: Most types.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be divided and will go to seed. Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Leave seed head for winter interest. Mediterranean gardens, informal, seaside. Pests & Diseases: All seem to be deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: AGM award. P. fruticosa is an evergreen shrub and hardy to zone 7. Flowers on second year wood, but can be cut to base. P. italica has grey foliage and pink flowers. P. lanata seems to be less hardy.

Phlox subulata “Creeping phlox” “Moss phlox” POLEMONIACEAE

Evergreen perennial (semi-evergreen in Victoria) Zone: 3-9

Height: 3-6 inches

Width: 12-24 inches

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Mat-forming. Leaf: Small and linear.

Flower: Salverform cymes in early spring. A wide

colour range, lots of new cultivars from salmon to screaming red and striped pink with strikingly different coloured eyes. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Humus rich, good air circulation. Moisture: Well-drained, drought resistant. Maintenance & Pruning: Very low maintenance. Shear flowers when done and divide after flower as well.

Landscape Use: Containers, rock gardens. Pests & Diseases: Can get powdery mildew if overwatered. Generally pest free. Comments: ITA level 2. Can get a second bloom if not too hot of a season.

Phormium species& cvs. XANTHORRHOEACEAE or HEMEROCALLIDACEAE Evergreen perennial Zone::8

Height: 3-7 feet

Width: 3-7 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Fan-shaped.

Leaf::Upright to arching sword-like leaves. Fold to a V shape at base.

Flower: Erect panicles of flowers in the summer time. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to partial shade. Soil::Average to fertile.

Moisture: Moist, but can tolerate some drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Do not groom out old foliage. Divide in early spring. Smaller ones are excellent in containers. Very low maintenance.

Landscape Use::Tolerant of seaside conditions. Leaves can shred in high winds. Zones vary, all are hardy in Victoria, but most are zone 8. Strong architectural designs, front gardens, mixed boarders for winter structure. Colour range is phenomenal.

Pests & Diseases: Deer proof. Comments::P. tenax is very upright and stiff. Phormium tenax Purpureum Group has reddish purple leaves with deep red flowers with a height and width up to 7 feet.

P. t. `Sundowner` is bronze green with coral red margins and up to 5 feet in height and 4-6 feet in width. P. t. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Yellow Waveâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; has stripes of cream, green and yellow and ca grow up to 3-4 feet in height and width. P. cookianum is arching and more relaxed.

P.c. `Platt`s Black` has very dark arching foliage, which can extend up to 3-4 feet in height and width. P.c. `Dark Delight` has deep reddish brown foliage and grows up to 5-6 feet and flowers quite easily. Choose based on size, colour, form you want.

Phyllostachys nigra â&#x20AC;&#x153;Black bambooâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 7-10

Height: 8-15 feet

Width: 6-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Compact clump of arching culms becoming black in 2-3 years.

Leaf::Narrow-lanceolate green leaves, 12 cm in length.

Flower: After 30-60 years after a cut back. Conditions:

Sun::Sun to dappled shade. Soil: Well-drained, fertile, humus-rich. Moisture: Moist, no drought!

Maintenance & Pruning::Divide in spring only. Remove lower leaves to show off black canes once the plant is well established. Landscape Use: Will spread if left to its own devices. Like to be pot-bound. Pests & Diseases: Slugs may damage new shoots. Comments::Phyllostachys always has 2 branches from a node. AGM winner.

Pleioblastus auricomus “Kamuro-zasa” “Dwarf greenstripe” POACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 7-11

Height: 5-8 feet

Width: 5-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming, purplish-green canes.

Leaf: Striped, narrow, yellow and green, 8 inches long. Flower: None. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Fertile, humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Thin out spent canes to ground every year. Landscape Use: Protect from cold and drying winds. Informal hedge, mixed borders. Pests & Diseases: Slugs may damage. Deer proof. Comments: 5-10 years to ultimate height. Propagate by division in spring.

Polypodium glycyrrhiza “Licorice fern” POLYPODIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6-9

Height: 8-12 inches

Width: 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Forms large mats. Leaf: Single leaves grow from reddish-brown

rhizomes. Two rows of rust coloured spores on the underside.

Flower: NA. Conditions:

Sun: Dappled to full shade. Will go dormant earlier in more sun. Soil: Neutral to acidic, humus-rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, tolerant of some summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Propagate by division in early spring or summer. Landscape Use: Could be used in an informal garden, natural spaces. Commonly found

as an epiphyte on dead and dying deciduous trees. Most commonly on Acer macrophyllum “Big leaf maple” and on rock faces.

Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: Ferns are currently a popular plant to purchase for indoor use.

Polystichum tsussimense â&#x20AC;&#x153;Korean rock fernâ&#x20AC;? DRYOPTERIDACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 6

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect, compact, black. Leaf: Dark green with dark veining. Flower: Spores.

Conditions: Sun: Part to dappled to full shade. Takes morning sun. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Remove old fronds in spring. Best if not cut down completely. Can be divided, but best to be left alone. Landscape Use: Low maintenance, underplanting of shade tolerant shrubs, woodland, natural, rockery.

Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: Native to east Asia.

Ranunculus ficaria `Brazen Hussy` “Lesser celandine” BORAGINACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::4-9

Height::2-6 inches

Width::12-18 + inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Spreading. Leaf::Glossy purple-bronze, black, heart-shaped. Flower::Bright yellow radial.

Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to part shade. Soil::Any rich, loamy soil.

Moisture::Even. Does not enjoy wet conditions. Maintenance & Pruning::Divide as leaves reappear and while temperature still cool. The straight species appears on some invasive species lists and can be very

difficult to get rid of. Grows from root tubers and spreads by bulbils that form leaf axils and can spread rapidly especially in disturbed soils. Landscape Use::Ephemeral, therefore appears in early spring. Mass plant under deciduous shrubs. Pests & Diseases::Toxic, deer and rabbit resistant. Comments::Unstable cultivar and will revert to dull green. Early dormancy – less

invasive than the straight species, but may be best not to plant in interface areas.

Salvia nemorosa `Caradonna` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Perennial sageâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 24-30 inches

Width: 18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Purple-black stems, rigid rosette. Leaf: Fragrant, simple.

Flower: Upright racemes of dark purple. Long blooming from early summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Average to poor.

Moisture: Well-draining, average, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Likes it lean. Overwinter with an oak leaf mulch layer to keep warm, but does not hold moisture. Can be cut low, just do not remove evergreen rosette. Easily divided in spring and fall.

Landscape Use: Cottage, mixed borders, front garden, cut flower. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Can get powdery mildew, just cut out. Comments: Attracts hummers and butterflies. AGM winner. S.n. `East Friesland` has grey green foliage with deep violet purple blooms at 18 inches tall to 18-24 inches

wide. `Pink Friesland` is deep pink at 12-18 inches in height and width. `Maynight` is more compact and may be sold as S. x sylvestris, which is a cross of nemorosa. S.n.

`Schneehugel` syn. `Snow Hill` white to 20 inches in height and a robust grower. S. g. `Amistad` is 42 inches tall and 7 feet wide!

Sasa veitchii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Kuma bamboo grassâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone::8-11

Height::3-4 feet

Width::1 foot (spreads)

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Culms are smooth, cylindrical, glaucous, usually purple.

Leaf::Broad, shiny, dark green. Edges dry and turn tan, giving a variegated appearance. 10 inches long. Flower: None. Conditions:

Sun::Sun to deep shade. Enjoys semi-shade best. Soil::Well-drained and fertile. Moisture::Moist.

Maintenance & Pruning::Cut down in spring if used for groundcover. Landscape Use: Use as groundcover or let grow. Use in Japanese gardens, specimen. Pests & Diseases::Bamboo mite. Comments::Center is oldest or last years growth.

Saxifraga x urbium â&#x20AC;&#x153;London Prideâ&#x20AC;? SAXIFRAGACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 4-7

Height: 1 foot

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Thick pads of groundcover. Leaf: Mid-green rosettes.

Flower: Star-shaped, loose panicles, white with pink flushes in summer. Conditions:

Sun: Part shade to full shade.

Soil: Average to poor, humus rich. Moisture: Well-drained and can handle some drought. Spreads slowly in dry shade. Maintenance & Pruning: Does not take well to foot traffic. Landscape Use: Good for edging, rock gardens and seaside. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbits seem to leave alone. Comments: S. x u. `Variegata` is more commonly available and tends to revert. The straight species can be hard to find. It is a cross of S. spathularis and S. umbrosa garden origin.

Sedum spurium “Two-row stonecrop” “Creeping stonecrop” CRASSULACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 4-6 inches

Width: 24 inches or more

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mat-forming. Leaf: Fleshy green and red, round or ovate.

Flower: Clusters of dark reddish-pink starshaped blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Average to poor, rocky, sandy. Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Easily propagated. Can be easily transplanted. Landscape Use: A groundcover in the shade. Rock gardens, containers, green roofs. Pests & Diseases: Deer may eat, but few issues. Slugs and snails may nibble. Comments: ITA level 2. S. s. `Dragons Blood` has red flowers, deep bright red foliage in summer. S. s. `Voodoo` has rose coloured flowers with mahogany foliage and is

shorter at 2-4 inches tall. S. s. `Blaze of Fulda` has deep rose blooms and maroon foliage. S.s. `Tricolor` is red white and pink.

Sempervivum spp. & cvs. “Hens and chicks” “House leek” CRASSULACEAE

Evergreen succulent Zone: 5-9

Height: 1-3 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Stolons, rosettes. Leaf: Trichomes, fleshy.

Flower: Panicle-like pink cymes. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Poor to moderately fertile.

Moisture: Drought, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: If webbed with white hairs, keep the rain off. Landscape Use: South facing rockeries and walls, containers, drought tolerant, med-style. Pests & Diseases: Sempervivum leaf miner, vine weevil, rust. Comments: Offsets easy to propagate. ITA level 1. There are at least 40 unique spp. and cvs.

Woodwardia fimbriata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Giant chain fernâ&#x20AC;? BLECHNACEAE

Evergreen perennial Zone:: 8-9

Height::4 feet (Vic), 9feet (Cali) Width::4 feet (Vic), 9feet (Cali) Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Mid-green fronds form an arching and erect rosette.

Leaf::Dramatically large bipinnate.

Flower::Spores line up on underside of fronds. Conditions:

Sun: Dappled to semi-shade. Soil::Neutral, moderately fertile. Moisture::Damp.

Maintenance & Pruning::Cut down in March as low as possible. Mulch. Landscape Use::Grows naturally on shaded vertical banks in dripping water, usually just above sheltered salt water. Protect from wind. Pests & Diseases::None mentioned. Comments::Native from the Malahat to Mexico.

Evergreen Shrubs

Abelia x grandiflora `Edward Goucher` CAPRIFOLIACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 4-6 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Rounded, spreading, multistemmed.

Leaf: Ovate, glossy dark green.

Flower: White tinged and pink bell-shaped blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Any with high fertility.

Moisture: Medium to low water. Maintenance & Pruning: Tough, low maintenance. A good indicator for dry gardens as it springs back. Flowers best on 2-3 year old wood. Fertilize with 20-20-20 in the spring. Could use a hard prune every 3 years taking out 1 third of oldest stems to the ground. Landscape Use: Specimen, hedge, hedgerows, in containers for years. Pests & Diseases: P & D rare, but can get root rot and or powdery mildew depending on moisture. Deer resistant. Comments: ITA level 2. Smaller than straight species. Can be deciduous in colder

climates or during a bad winter in Victoria. However, will still leaf out fine after the cold winter. Humming birds love it. A. x g. `Little Richard` is smaller at 3 feet

height and width and blooms white. `Frances Mason` is 5 feet in height and 6 feet wide bearing ornate yellow leaves marked with dark green and has pink tinged white flowers. All are long-flowering from mid-summer well into fall.

Arctostaphylos columbiana â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hairy manzanitaâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 8+ feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Crooked branches, with smooth, reddish brown bark.

Leaf::Grey-green leaves. Flower:: Small white urns. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun.

Soil: Acidic, poor. Moisture: Can tolerate drought, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Very difficult to propagate and grow. Landscape Use::Rocky bluffs and in the heat. Med-style gardens. Pests & Diseases: Prone to leaf spot. Comments::Native from south-eastern BC to central California.

Arctostaphylos x media “Manzanita” ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone::7-9

Height: 2-3 feet

Width: 3 + feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Ground cover to shrub. Leaf::Leathery.

Flower: Urn-shaped flowers and orange berries. Conditions: Sun::Full sun.

Soil::Poor to average.

Moisture: Can handle some drought in summer, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance, very easy to propagate. Landscape Use::Seaside conditions, med-style, rock garden Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments::Native natural crosses between A. columbiana (“Manzanita”) & A. uvaursi (“Kinnikinnick”), for example near Squamish.

Aucuba japonica `Variegata` “Variegated aucuba” “Variegated Japanese laurel” GARRYACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-10

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 6-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Large, bushy. Leaf::Glossy leaves heavily spotted.

Flower: Creamy-yellow, 8 inches long. Conditions:

Sun::Semi to deep shade. Soil: Well-drained, organic. Moisture::Average moist.

Maintenance & Pruning: May sunburn if exposed to long periods of sun. Takes hard pruning. Landscape Use::Handles drought once established. Pests & Diseases::Scale insects induce sooty mould. Deer love it. Comments: Cornaceae, was Aucubaceae. Female (as is A.j. `Picturata` – gold patches). Red 0.5 inch berries. ITA level 2. Dioecious.

Berberis darwinii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Darwin barberryâ&#x20AC;? BERBERDACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 10 feet Width: 10 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, spiny shoots. Leaf: Simple or spine-toothed, dark green.

Flower: Small yellow racemes followed by small berries. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun best to part-shade.

Soil: Any well-drained acidic soil. Moisture: Prefers moist, but tolerates dry once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. DD&D. Renovate as needed. Landscape Use: Use as an informal hedge. Cottage gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. No P & D in Victoria. Comments: Native to South America. AGM.

Berberis verruculosa â&#x20AC;&#x153;Warty barberryâ&#x20AC;? BERBERIDACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 4-6 feet

Width: 5-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling arching branches with sharp spines.

Leaf: Small, oval dark green and bluish underneath.

Flower: Bright yellow, 2cm wide blooms in spring, blue-black berries. Conditions:

Sun: Sun best to light shade (more open habit in shade). Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance and minimum pruning. Very tough. Propagate by seed and cuttings in early spring. Landscape Use: Slow growing. Informal hedge and or barrier. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: ITA level 2.

Brachyglottis `Sunshine` ASTERACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 9-10

Height: 3-4 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Bushy, spreading.

Leaf: Silver-grey green, ovate, white felt underneath.

Flower: Panicles of yellow daisy-like blooms in early summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Less fertile best.

Moisture: Well-drained, drier to drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Can prune out spent blooms and leggy growth. Cut into old wood in spring to rejuvenate. Landscape Use: Handles salt spray. Rockery, med-style. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: RHS AGM. Propagate by semi-hardwood cuttings in summer.

Brugmansia spp. & cvs. “Angel trumpet” SOLANACEAE

Evergreen shrub (in subtropics) Zone: 9-10

Height: 6-15 feet

Width: 10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tender, branching. Leaf: Simple, ovate.

Flower: Scented, dramatic, pendent trumpets, which can be single or double to 10 inches in

size. 5 reflexed lobes, white, pale to deep pink, yellow to orange, or lilac. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Very heavy feeders. If in a stationary pot, water daily and even fertilize daily. Winter indoors in Victoria. Landscape Use: Tropical, med-style, bold, pots, containers. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not eat. Hates the cold (min is 7 degrees Celsius). Comments: Native to South America. Highly toxic if ingested. Propagate by cuttings in September and place in water until rooted. Datura “Thorn apple” is annual and its flowers point upwards, but also toxic.

Bupleurum fruticosum “Bupleurum” “Shrubby hare`s ear” APIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 5-6 feet

Width: 5-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense, upright clumps. Fast. Leaf: Smooth, simple.

Flower: Small, yellow star-shaped in domed, terminal umbels from mid-summer followed by black seed heads. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Any.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to semi-drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be cut down to stump in spring if you choose. Winter wind can damage. Landscape Use: Seaside, sheltered, mixed borders, front borders, hedging. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not seem to eat, no real P & D. Comments: Attracts wasps and bees.

Buxus sempervirens â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common boxwoodâ&#x20AC;? BUXACEAE

Evergreen shrub or small tree Zone: 5-8

Height: 5-20 feet

Width: 5-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense, bushy. Leaf: Simple, green.

Flower: Small pale yellow blooms. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to shade, but prefers dappled shade. Soil: Slightly acidic, loamy.

Moisture: Well-drained, even, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Likes a cool root run. Do not prune when wet as this can spread disease quite quickly. If replacing a shrub in an existing spot, ensure that the new specimen comes from clean stock and isolate for a month if possible before

planting. Mulch. Foliage tends to bronze in winter - this is normal! Attempt to prune June 9th and March 9th. Shallow roots, therefore weed carefully.

Landscape Use: Seaside, formal, hedge, specimen tree, foundation planting,

topiary, containers. (consider using Ilex crenata, Hebe spp., or Lonicera nitida as an alternative. Pests & Diseases: Cylindrocladium buxicola and Volutella buxi are easily spread diseases through wet pruning. Deer and rabbit do not eat. Boxwood leafminer and

Boxwood psyllid are issues as they overwinter on the shrub and attack new growth. Comments: ITA level 1. Cultivars are smaller and not to be confused with the

straight species. Never use straight species for a parterre, edging as it will be a maintenance nightmare. B. s. `Green Velvet` is 2-3 feet in height and width. B. s.

`Suffruticosa` is 1-2 feet in height and width. For even smaller try B. microphylla `Morris` and avoid `Green Gem` as tests have found it most susceptible to V. buxi.

Calluna vulgaris â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ling or Scotch heatherâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 4-7

Height: 2 feet

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, thick mats. Leaf: Scale-like overlapping pairs on slender stems.

Flower: Pink to purple spike-like racemes. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade in afternoon. Soil: Acidic, moderately fertile.

Moisture: Good even water, well-drained, must be monitored until well established.

Maintenance & Pruning: Some cultivars can be drought tolerant to a point. Must be pruned annually in late summer after flowering or in early spring to keep tidy and prolong the value of the plant. Soak root ball before planting!

Landscape Use: Winter gardens, cottage, mass, background, hillside. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. No real P & D. Comments: ITA level 1. Lots of strong cultivars - choose for size and colour. Many have striking winter colour.

Camellia x williamsii `Jury`s Yellow` THEACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 6 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Compact and erect.

Leaf: Simple, ovate, dark green, glossy, and leathery.

Flower: White and yellow anemone-flowered blooms in early spring. Conditions:

Sun: Part to full shade. Morning sun. Soil: Rich, acidic.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune after flower. Low maintenance. Renovate as necessary. Landscape Use: Informal gardens, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Can acquire aphids, scale, and sooty mould (unsightly, but does not harm plant. Comments: AGM winner. Cross of C. japonica and C. saluensis.

Ceanothus gloriosus `Point Reyes` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Point Reyes creeperâ&#x20AC;? RHAMNACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 12 inches

Width: 6 feet or more

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Used as a groundcover. Leaf: Opposite, saw-toothed, simple and green.

Flower: Small clusters of bright blue to purple. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Well-drained, rocky, gravelly soil. Moisture: Tolerates drought.

Maintenance & Pruning: Spreads by layering. Can get root rot easily if not welldrained. Very tough plant. Landscape Use: Bee magnet! Use in containers, Mediterranean style, seaside. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: ITA level 2.

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus `Victoria` â&#x20AC;&#x153;`Victoria` ceanothusâ&#x20AC;? RHAMNACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-10

Height: 8-20 feet

Width: 8-20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense, vigorous. Leaf: Dark green, glossy, ovate.

Flower: Blue panicles (1.25-3 inches) April to May. Dark red-black fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, tolerates summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be espaliered and pruned into a small tree or a hedge. Tolerant of environmental salt. Very hardy. Do any pruning (usually heading cuts)

after flowering to control size and shape. If young and healthy can be cut down to 1 foot in spring. Landscape Use: Spring interest, mixed borders, screening, mass planting, seaside. Pests & Diseases: Spp. and cvs. With small leaves are more deer resistant. No major P & D in Victoria where soils are cooler. Root rot problems present in California where the soils are warmer.

Comments: A nitrogen fixer. ITA level 2.

Choisya ternata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Mexican orangeâ&#x20AC;? RUTACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 6-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Medium, bushy. Leaf: 3 broad limey, palmately divided leaflets. Flower: Clusters of white blooms in late spring to early summer.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun best to part shade. Soil: Acid to neutral

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Drought tolerant once established. Easy to control size as it can be pruned hard, even to the ground if need be. Prune after frost to leaf scars, but does come back quickly. Tolerates dry shade and looks reasonable. Landscape Use: Low-maintenance, wall-side, city and courtyard. Pests & Diseases: Appears to be deer proof. Comments: Straight species is smaller, therefore buy smaller. C. t. `Sundance` is slower growing to 3-5 feet and can bleach in full sun. AGM winner. C. x devitteana

`Aztec Pearl` is a cross between C. arizonica and C. ternata with finer foliage and narrow leaflets and pink flushed to white fragrant flowers 3-4 feet in height and 5 feet wide. Also an AGM winner. Propagate by semi-hardwood cuttings after frost.

Cistus x hybridus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rock roseâ&#x20AC;? CISTACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-10

Height: 2-5 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, dense. Leaf: Dark green, 2 inch long wavy edge.

Flower: Red buds open to silky white blooms May to June. Each flower only lasts one day. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Poor to average. Moisture: Well-drained, summer drought best to average moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune after flowering and only to good green side shoots. Low maintenance.

Landscape Use: Xeriscapes, some seaside, rock gardens. Good in areas of fire hazard. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: Do not buy lanky plants. Other spp. and cvs. vary in size, flower and leaf colour and hardiness. Was once called C. x corbariensis. Propagate by softwood or semi-ripe cuttings.

Cotoneaster `Rothschildianus` ROSACEAE Evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub Zone::6-8

Height: 15 feet

Width: 15 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Bushy or tall.

Leaf::Large narrowly-lanceolate leaves. Flower: Large cymes of white flowers in early summer followed by clusters of golden yellow, quarter inch size fruits that persist into winter. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to part shade. Soil: Well-drained, moderately fertile.

Moisture: Average, handles some drought. Maintenance & Pruning::Prune to keep to tight or to renovate. If pruned, cut back to faded flowers or berry clusters in mid to late summer. Landscape Use: Leave as a background plant. Make into a hedge. Espalier. Easy to train.

Pests & Diseases: Scale insects. Comments::Propagate from cuttings.

Cotoneaster dammeri â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bearberry cotoneasterâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-8

Height: 2 feet

Width: 10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vigorous and prostrate. Leaf: Glossy green, whitish underside, ovate.

Flower: White blooms, red berries through fall and winter. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average to poor.

Moisture: Well-drained, even to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Can take out large masses with a stump grinder. Landscape Use: Over walls, around rocks, groundcover. Pests & Diseases: Webworms can defoliate - blast off with water. Comments: ITA level 1. Propagate by layering as it roots along branches.

Daphne odora â&#x20AC;&#x153;Winter Daphneâ&#x20AC;? THYMELAEACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 4 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, but leggy. Leaf: Leathery dark green.

Flower: Fragrant, tubular, 4-lobed. Conditions: Sun: Part to full shade.

Soil: Humus rich, light, slightly alkaline. Moisture: Even and well-drained.

Maintenance & Pruning: Does not like heavy clay soils. Mulch in summer to keep roots cool. Never transplant. Very slow growing. Hard to propagate. Heading back cuts to thicken. Pale out with too much sun. Can die randomly...

Landscape Use: Protect from winter winds. Woodlands, natural gardens. Pests & Diseases: Weevils can be a problem in dry soil. Comments: All parts toxic. D. o. `Aureomarginata` - narrow oval leaves, slight, irregular, creamy-gold leaf edges. `Zuiko Nishiki` has deep pink flowers, very

fragrant, slightly hardier. Buy the biggest and bushiest one even though it may be expensive.

Daphniphyllum macropodum â&#x20AC;&#x153;False daphneâ&#x20AC;? DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 10-20 feet

Width: 10-20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Droopy foliage at the end of shoots.

Leaf: Glossy, leathery, dark green, Rhododendron-like leaves in whorls. Flower: Tiny flowers on dioecious plants, which produce blue fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist to average. Maintenance & Pruning: Shelter from cold winds. Even old plants take a hard pruning.

Landscape Use: Low maintenance, informal, cottage gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Seedlings have fragile roots. Look for varieties with red petioles. Wood is used to make furniture in China.

Distylium myricoides `Lucky Charm` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Blueleaf Isu Treeâ&#x20AC;? HAMAMELIDACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 3-4 feet

Width: 8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Spreading horizontal branches. Leaf: Linear, matte blue-green hold colour through winter.

Flower: Abundant bright red apetalous appear at axils in late winter. Conditions: Sun: Full to part shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist to dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Use layering (propagation) to spread more quickly. Can cut hard. Low maintenance. Goes nice on a base tree circle.

Landscape Use: Useful groundcover and also provides erosion control on slopes. Pests & Diseases: Appears to be deer resistant. Comments: Native to Central and Eastern China.

Elaegnus x submacrophylla “Ebbing`s silverberry” “Elaeagnus” ELAEGNACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 12 feet

Width: 12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Dense. Leaf::Glossy green, reflect light.

Flower::Small, fragrant, creamy-white blooms in autumn. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to semi-shade. Soil::Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to dry. Maintenance & Pruning::Easy to transplant. Tough plant. Landscape Use::Takes tough sites tolerates drought, wind, seaside, hedging. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments::AGM winner. Was called E. x ebbingei. E pungens `Maculata` has dark yellow in leaf centres.

Erica carnea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Winter heatherâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 4-8

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Low growing, dark green foliage. Woody.

Leaf: Small gold to dark green needles. Flower: Bears one sided racemes of urn-shaped, purple, pink, red, white flowers. Sizes and bloom times vary. Some much longer than others. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Acidic to neutral. Best with at least a foot of good soil beneath them, fine with poorer soils and do not appreciate fertilizers or manure. Moisture: Moist, well-drained. Not drought tolerant.

Maintenance & Pruning: Needs reliable irrigation in summer. Beds need to be

renewed around the 10-12 year mark. Over time they begin to look very woody and beds that are clipped annually will look better longer. Hard to do individually as the

edges brown out where covered by other plants. Sheer lightly after blooming. Do not cut into old wood in the summer.

Landscape Use: Essential for winter interest in Victoria gardens. Good as ground cover, edging, rock gardens. Use for front of garden foundation planting. Pests & Diseases: Usually, but not always deer resistant. Comments: ITA level 1. Valuable early source of nectar for bees. Most sources come

from South Africa. Do not cut deep into the side of this bush (it will not grow back). Go from underneath. When picking for a garden think of the size. Easy to grow from

layering (peg new stem to ground). Can also propagate through cuttings. Hates lawn fertilizer!

Escallonia x exoniensis `Fradesii` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Escalloniaâ&#x20AC;? ESCALLONIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-9

Height: 10-12 feet

Width: 10-12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Lush, dense. Leaf: Inch long sticky, glossy foliage.

Flower: 3 inch panicles of pink blooms spring to fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be killed down to 4 inches after frost. Propagate by suckers, layering, cuttings. Keep as a shrub or prune into hedge. Low maintenance and forgiving.

Landscape Use: Hedge, singular specimen, seaside. Pests & Diseases: All beloved by deer. Comments: E. `Newport Dwarf` is 2-2.5 feet in height and width, has redder flowers and smaller leaves. E. laevis `Gold Brian` has gold foliage and pink flowers.

Eucryphia spp. & cvs. CUNONIACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-10

Height: 15-50 feet

Width: 10-20 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Big and hairy.

Leaf: Simple or trifoliate leathery, glossy green above and pale underneath.

Flower: Cup or saucer-shaped, white blooms with a boss of golden stamens in late summer to fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part or bright shade. Soil: Organic, rich.

Moisture: Moist, shaded, cool root run. Maintenance & Pruning: Shelter from cold, drying winds. Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Natural, summer interest, shrub borers, azalea and rhodo gardens. Pests & Diseases: No known P & D and may be deer resistant. Comments: Native habitat is moist woodland. Best for Victoria may be Eucryphia x nymansensis `Nymansay` syn. E. `Nymansay` and is an AGM winner. It is more hardy and the most floriferous of the genus at 20 feet + in height and 6-8 feet in width with

narrow, glossy simple and trifoliate leaves. Attracts birds, bees and butterflies. E. Lucinda `Pink Cloud` has white flowers 1.5 inches wide with pink blush and a bit smaller in height.

Euonymous fortuneii cvs. “Euonymus” “Wintercreeper” CELASTRACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone::5-9

Height::2 feet

Width::2 feet and spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Climber. Leaf: Deep green, simple.

Flower::Yellowish-green small blooms. Conditions: Sun::Sun to semi-shade.

Soil::Well-drained, average. Moisture::Keep wet.

Maintenance & Pruning::Not fussy. Shallow roots looks miserable in drought. Landscape Use: Evergreen foliage plant. Trellis. Can climb trees and walls. Pests & Diseases::Weevils chew leaves and roots. Comments::Cultivars with gold patterns fade in shade. AGM winner. E. japonicus is upright to 2-6 feet and narrower and damaged by Victoria winters.

Fremontodendron californicum “Fremontia” “California flannel bush” MALVACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-10

Height: 8-30 feet

Width: 12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling. Leaf: Dull green, 3, 5, 7-lobed, felt underside.

Flower: Bright yellow 1-3 inches in size from May to June. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Hairs on stems and leaves irritate throat, eyes, skin. Hose down if pruning. With twig dieback, cut 6 inches past dead. Can be pruned fairly hard after flowering.

Landscape Use: Can be hedged. Protect from cold winter winds. Med-bed, informal, espalier. Pests & Diseases: Deer proof. Comments: Naturally flings its branches out.

Garrya elliptica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Silk tassel bushâ&#x20AC;? GARRYACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 10-12 feet

Width: 10-12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Large, vigorous. Leaf::Leathery dark green.

Flower: Pendant catkins. Yellow anthers in midwinter to early spring. Conditions: Sun::Full sun to partial shade. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: No wet feet! Minimal pruning, can get leggy. Heading back cuts. Landscape Use: Under-used. Good for front-gardens. Needs protection from harsh, dry winds. Damage can show up as spots on the leaves.

Pests & Diseases: Deer do not eat. Prone to leaf spot, can be fungal if showing in the summer. Remove infected leaves and check growing conditions.

Comments::Native to pacific coast. Dioecious. Native to coastal ranges of Oregon into northern California. G.e. `James Roof` not as good as the straight species.

Hebe armstrongii `Aurea` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Whipcord hebeâ&#x20AC;? PLANTAGINACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone::9-10

Height::3 feet

Width::3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Bushy, coral-like. Leaf::Tiny, scale-like, yellow-green leaves turn light green in winter.

Flower::Spikes of small white flowers in late spring to early summer. Conditions: Sun::Sun best for colour, to semi-shade. Soil::Poor to moderately fertile. Lean.

Moisture::Handles drought, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning::Not fussy. Landscape Use::Seaside, small hedges. Pests & Diseases::Deer enjoy. Comments::Easy to grow. Propagate by cuttings. Bigger the leaf the more tender the plant. RHS and AGM. H. ochracea `James Stirling` is 18 by 24 inches and more yellow.

Hebe pimeleoides `Quicksilver` PLANTAGINACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 1 foot

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Low spreading habit.

Leaf: Small silver-grey on black stems. Flower: Pale lilac-blue blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Humus rich to average soil. Moisture: Even, but can tolerate some drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Slow growing. Prone to root rot if soil is too wet. Flowers on old wood. Cut down to 3 inches when very leggy.

Landscape Use: Seaside, hedgerow, rockery, interesting cut flowers. Pests & Diseases: No real P & D. Deer do not eat this cultivar. Comments: AGM winner. Lighter leaf cultivars are hardier. Propagate by cuttings. Native to N. Z.

Hypericum calycinum “St. John`s wort” “Rose of Sharon” CLUSIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 5-9

Height: 12-18 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mat-forming, aggressive runners. Leaf: Elliptical, opposite, green. Flower: Showy, bright yellow.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun. No flower in deep shade. Soil: Any well-drained.

Moisture: Average water to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Run down with a lawn mower to control. Plant 18 inches apart. In February cut to 1 inch high. Landscape Use: Economical groundcover in hot, poor soils. Pests & Diseases: Hypericum rust. Deer proof. Comments: ITA level 1.

Juniperus horizontalis Cultivars â&#x20AC;&#x153;Creeping juniperâ&#x20AC;? CUPRESSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 3-9

Height: 12-20 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Prostrate, moderate to fast growing.

Leaf: Sharply pointed juvenile needles. Scale-like adult foliage. Flower: Bluish, fleshy, ovoid cones. Conditions: Sun: Sun best to part shade. Soil: All but boggy.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Very low maintenance. Thinning cuts only when necessary. Landscape Use: Banks, slopes, groundcover, coastal, rockery, informal. Pests & Diseases: Phytophthora fungus has been killing junipers in Victoria for over 2 decades. Comments: ITA level 1. If you are buying some in a nursery, look for any that are browing. If so, do not purchase - could have the fungus! Propagate by softwood

cuttings in summer and provide mist and bottom heat. Hard cuttings in winter. It also layers itself.

Juniperus scopulorum “Rocky Mountain juniper” CUPRESSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 4-7

Height: 30-50 feet

Width: 12-20 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Slow, prostrate, erect. Red-brown furrowing or peeling bark.

Leaf: Yellow to grey-green to dark green scales. Ovate, sharply pointed in pairs.

Flower: Round, blue-black, fleshy cones. Conditions:

Sun: Sun best to part shade. Soil: All but boggy.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Very low maintenance, prune only if necessary. Landscape Use: Low maintenance, architectural, courtyard gardens. Pests & Diseases: Juniper scale can be an issue. Comments: Native to Western North America (B.C. to west Texas at 500m to 2700m on dry soils). Cultivars vary in size at 6x2 feet, 6x15 feet, 20x2 feet, 20x10 feet. J. s.

cultivars is ITA level 1. Juniperus maritima or “Seaside juniper” is found close to sea level in SW BC. Often noted occurring on abandoned First Nation middens.

Juniperus squamata `Blue Star` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Blue Star juniperâ&#x20AC;? CUPRESSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 20 inches

Width: 36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact mound. Leaf: Needle-like, narrow wedges of blue. Flower: Small globose fruits.

Conditions:

Sun: Sun to part shade. Soil: All but boggy soils.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Rock gardens, flower borders and beds, hot and dry. Landscape Use: Coastal, rock gardens, informal, flower borders. Pests & Diseases: Scale, aphids, webber moth caterpillars. Comments: ITA level 2.

Lavandula angustifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common lavenderâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 4-9

Height: 1.5-3.5 feet

Width: 3.5-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, bushy. Leaf: Simple, narrow green leaves with a greyish hue.

Flower: Small, tubular, purple. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Acidic, poor to moderately fertile./ Moisture: Well-drained, hates to be waterlogged. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut 1 inch to ground. Prune after flower, late summer. Landscape Use: Sheltered seaside, informal, containers, med-style, rockery. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: Potash encourages flowering, nitrogen causes flop. Great pollinator.

Leucothoe walteri `Rainbow` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Leucothoeâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 4-5 feet

Width: 4-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Arching. Leaf: Leathery, variegated (green, pale yellow and pink).

Flower: Racemes of creamy, urn-shaped blooms. Conditions: Sun: Semi-shade is best. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune out old stems. Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Informal. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: ITA level 2. Propagate by seed, layering, cuttings. Was L. fontanesiana `Rainbow`.

Lithodora diffusa `Grace Ward` “Blue lithospermum” BORAGINACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 3-6 inches

Width: 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Spreading mound. Leaf: Small dark green.

Flower: Long season of numerous deep blue flowers in cymes, late spring through summer. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average. Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune after flowering to keep neat. Landscape Use: Attractive over edge of wall. Pests & Diseases: Deer proof. No real P & D. Comments: ITA level 2.

Lonicera nitida `Baggesen`s Gold` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Golden boxleaf honeysuckleâ&#x20AC;? CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 4-6 feet

Width: 4-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense foliage on arched branches. Leaf: Tiny, simple, bright yellow. Emerge bronzy

gold in spring and will brown in excessive sun and turn greenish in shade. Flower: Sparse pale violet flowers. Conditions: Sun: Light shade is best.

Soil: Average fertility. Moisture: Well-drained and average moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be pruned to a tight hedge or any shape. Landscape Use: Hedging, shapes, formal gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: RHS AGM.

Luma apiculata `Glanleam Gold` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Temu `Glanleam Gold`â&#x20AC;? MYRTACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8b-10

Height: 6-7 feet

Width: 6-7 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Bushy, dense. Leaf::Glossy, fragrant, dense leaves emerge purple-red becoming dark green with creamy edges.

Flower: Cymes of creamy-white flowers from midsummer into fall. Conditions: Sun::Full sun.

Soil: Fertile, well-drained. Moisture: Average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning::May be killed or cut low in Victoria`s winter. Landscape Use::Sheltered site, informal, mixed borders. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments::Less vigorous than the green parent (Chile native). Was Myrtus luma `G.G.`

Mahonia aquifolium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oregon grapeâ&#x20AC;? BERBERIDACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 2-10 feet

Width: 5 feet or more

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Suckers, upright, open. Leaf: Leathery, pinnate, spine-toothed.

Flower: Yellow, dense racemes to 3 inches. Edible blue-black berries. Conditions:

Sun: Semi to deeper shade (sun if not too dry). Soil: Fertile, humus soil.

Moisture: Well-drained and average. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune out old stems. Handles drought. Can cut low as a good ground cover. Propagate by cuttings.

Landscape Use: Based on its size, gives a good indication of a sites conditions. Woodland, non-fussy, natural plant pick. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest free. Comments: Native from BC to California. Many cultivars. M. nervosa needs even more moisture. 70 species of Mahonia.

Mahonia nervosa â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dull Oregon grapeâ&#x20AC;? BERBERIDACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 2 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Loose ground cover, rhizomes. Leaf: Holly-like, toothed.

Flower: Bright sulphur yellow blooms in spring that attract hummingbirds. Edible fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to shade.

Soil: Slightly acidic, rich. Moisture: Well-drained, handles drought once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Can take dry shade, but will need more moisture if grown in direct sun. Leaves change to red if grown with inadequate moisture in the sun. Very low-maintenance plant, just cut out browned foliage. Never cut this plant to the ground.

Landscape Use: Groundcovers, mixed shrub borders, native, woodland, containers, underplanting of trees, erosion control.

Pests & Diseases: Rust, scale, whitefly seldom seen if grown well. Deer do not generally eat. Comments: Native to Pacific Northwest to California. All parts of the plant used by first nations.

Mahonia x media `Charity` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oregon grape charityâ&#x20AC;? BERBERIDACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone:7-9

Height: 10-15 feet

Width: 12 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Layers of bushy wreath-like rings.

Leaf::Pinnate leaves with 17-21 dark green toothed leaflets 2-4.5 inches long to 1.5 inches wide.

Flower: 10-14 inch wide racemes of bright yellow fragrant flowers that bloom in late November or December into early spring followed by bright blue fruits. Conditions: Sun: Part-shade to full sun, but prefers cool roots. Soil: Average soil with humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning: Minimal pruning, they do not enjoy hard pruning. Do not take off whole stems near bottom.

Landscape Use::Focal point for a garden. Mixed woodland, hedges, mixed shrub borders. Protect from cold winter winds.

Pests & Diseases:: Deer do not eat. Can get leaf spots. Comments::Cross of M. japonica and M. lomariifolia. Hummers and bees really enjoy. Very high-end plant. Can take 3-5 years to establish. They do shed their leaves.

Microbiota decussata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Siberian carpet cypressâ&#x20AC;? CUPRESSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 3-7

Height: 1.5-3 feet

Width: 7-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Prostrate to low mound. Leaf: Sprayed of paired, bright green, an eighth of an inch, scale-like, triangular, which turn bronze-purple in winter. Flower: Tiny cones.

Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Low-maintenance, no pruning really. Landscape Use: Informal, rock gardens, ground cover, erosion control. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: ITA level 2. Both monoecious and dioecious plants. Native to East Siberia.

Nandina domestica “Heavenly bamboo” BERBERIDACEAE

Evergreen (or semi) shrub Zone: 7-9

Height::4-6 feet

Width: 18-36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright bamboo-like habit. Leaf::Pinnate to 3-pinnate leaves composed of lanceshaped leaflets.

Flower::White flowers in the summer, red berries through winter. Conditions:

Sun::Sun to shade, but best with morning shade only. Soil::Tolerant of average soil, enjoys humus.

Moisture::Well-drained soil. Can handle some drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Can accumulate a powdery mildew when stressed. Do not cut hard.

Landscape Use: Can burn in the sun. Good in containers. Front yard, mixed borders, winter interest. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Cvs. Include N. d. `Plum Passion` that has deep purplish-red, turning slightly redder in the winter. Roughly 4-5 feet in height and 3 feet in width. N. d. `Moon Bay` has lime green foliage, which turns scarlet red in the fall and is a

moderate grower. Grows up to 3 feet in height and width. N. d. `Gulf Stream` has light green leaves that can be highlighted with red and bronze, pale cream flowers, red

berries. It can reach up to 3 feet in height and 2 feet in width. N. d. `Compacta` can grow up to 4 feet in height and 3 feet in width. N. d. `Filamentos`’ has very narrow leaves, which turn red in the winter. 18 inches in height and width.

Olearia macrodonta â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Zealand hollyâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-11

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 5-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Initially vigorous, mid-size. Leaf: Tough, serrated grey-green with silverwhite undersides.

Flower: Clusters of fragrant, white-daisy-like blooms in summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Any.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance, thinning in spring. Landscape Use: Architectural, seaside, wreaths, front garden. Pests & Diseases: No P & D. Deer resistant. Comments: AGM winner. Propagate by cuttings. Look for O. m. `Minor` at 3 x 3 feet. Initially a fast grower, slows down as it establishes.

Osmanthus heterophyllus `Goshiki` â&#x20AC;&#x153;False hollyâ&#x20AC;? OLEACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 4 - 8 feet

Width: 4 - 8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, but larger with age. Leaf: Opposite green and tinged cream.

Flower: Inconspicuous fragrant white flowers in the leaf axils in late summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Can grow in more shade, but will have fewer flowers and likely to be even slower. Soil: Rich.

Moisture: Moist, well-drained Maintenance & Pruning: Tough, low maintenance. Slow-release, balanced fertilizer in spring.

Landscape Use: Informal hedge, can clash with other colours. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: `Goshiki` means five-coloured in Japanese. Osmanthus leaves are opposite, Ilex are alternate.

Osmanthus spp. & cvs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Osmanthusâ&#x20AC;? OLEACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 6- 12 feet

Width: 6-12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Shape and size varies with spp. Generally bushy habit.

Leaf: Leathery, green or variegated with a round or arching shape.

Flower: Clusters of small, fragrant, white, tubular flowers. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, average moist. Handles some drought in late summer once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune to shape. Lime in November. Landscape Use: Can be used as hedging, screening, low maintenance. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Several spp. have RHS AGM. O. x burkwoodii and O. delavayi need lime. O. heterophyllus `Aureomarginata` is variegated. O. h. `Ogon` is a gold form. O. h. `Purpureus` purple leaved. All are smaller than the straight spp.

Photinia x fraseri â&#x20AC;&#x153;Photiniaâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-9

Height: 15 feet Width: 15 + feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense bush. Leaf: Leathery, glossy, bronzy-red, which mature to dark green.

Flower: Panicles of small, white flowers if not pruned. Produces bright red fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun for best red leaf colour to semi-shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be pruned heavily in February or March, or every 6 weeks. Usually comes back after winter damage. Landscape Use: Can be made into a hedge if cut low. Winter interest. Pests & Diseases: Fungal leaf spot, Cherry Bark Tortrix. Comments: ITA level 2. Propagate by cuttings.

Pieris japonica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lily-of-the-Valley Shrubâ&#x20AC;? ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 5-8

Height: 6-12 feet

Width: 6-8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, bushy, medium size shrub.

Leaf: Leathery dark green. Flower: Erect panicles of urn shaped flowers ranging from pink, white, red, rose, etc. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade best. Soil: Organically rich, acidic. Moisture: Well-drained, even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Can arborize and cleanup middle. Do not prune in fall if flowers are wanted. Landscape Use: Full sun can bleach out leaves. Winter interest in shade. Japanese style, specimen.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Leafs pot. Pieris lacebug. Small sap-sucking insect with wings marked with a lace-like pattern. Symptoms include dropping

foliage, coarse pale mottling of upper side of leaves, bleached yellow appearance. Undersides heavily discoloured with brown frass. Eggs hatch in May and nymphs

cluster together under leaves, maturing in mid-summer. Cut back hard, garbage everything and move plant to into lean spot in shade. Beware of spread.

Comments: ITA level 2. Wide range of cultivars. Other cultivars include `Flamingo` with deep pink flowers. `Mountain Fire` an AGM winner with bright red young leaves, which turn coppery green with fragrant, creamy white flowers and is 4 to 6 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet in width (compact form). `Katsura` is dome-shaped and 3 by 3

feet with large, more rounded glossy green leaves, wine-red new growth, large clusters of rose coloured flowers. `Temple Bells` has dark green, shiny leaves, pristine white flowers and compact at 3 to 4 feet in height and width. `Flaming

Silver` is 4 - 5 feet in height and 3-4 feet in width with bright red new foliage and in late spring strong cream margins on leaves with cream flowers.

Pittosporum tenuifolium “Kohuhu” “New Zealand pittosporum” PITTOSPORACEAE

Evergreen shrub to small tree Zone::9-10

Height::12-30 feet

Width::6-15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Elegant dark stems. Leaf::Glossy with wavy edge.

Flower: Tiny honey-scented, black-red blooms. Conditions: Sun::Sun (for coloured leaves) to semi-shade. Soil::Average well-drained soil. Moisture::Even.

Maintenance & Pruning::Can prune hard. Landscape Use: Protect from winter winds. Make into headge, formal, or informal style. Pests & Diseases: Deer enjoy. Comments::Quite variable when grown from seed. `Gold Star` has gold and green leaves with a cream midrib. P.t. `Tom Thumb` survived the severe cold of November 2010 better than many other cultivars. `Tom Thumb` and 3 other P.t. cultivars have AGM status.

Podocarpus nivalis “Alpine totara” “Plum yew” PODOCARPACEAE

Evergreen Shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 4 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: m Leaf: Rigid green-bronze needles are attached radially around shoots.

Flower: Dioecious plants with male plants having yellow, catkin-like cones. Older females have green cone-like parts, which develop into bright red arils with seeds protruding from each. Conditions:

Sun: Sun is best to part shade. Soil: Fertile, humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist to average. Maintenance & Pruning: Low-maintenance, but can take shearing and generous pruning. Protect from cold, dry winds. Landscape Use: Filler, low hedge, informal, rockery. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Species vary across N. Z. and in nurseries.

Prostanthera cuneata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Australian mint bushâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 9-10

Height: 1-3 feet

Width: 1-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, sprawling. Leaf: Glossy foliage has strong aromatic scent when touched.

Flower: In summer, many 0.5 inch white blooms with purple and yellow markings inside. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune lightly after bloom. Landscape Use: Foundation plant. Protect from cold winter wind. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: Can be short-lived. RHS AGM. P. rotundifolia is less hardy, taller and has lilac to purple blooms. Propagate by seed in spring and by semi-ripe cuttings in summer.

Prunus laurocerasus â&#x20AC;&#x153;English laurelâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-8

Height: 25-30 feet

Width: 25-30 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vigorous, spreading. Leaf: Ovate, glossy green.

Flower: Small white flowers in erect racemes. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light shade.

Soil: Moderately fertile, but will tolerate less. Moisture: Even, but can tolerate less.

Maintenance & Pruning: Can be cut extremely hard. Can become chlorotic if soil is too lean. To love, increase organic matter and apply a high nitrogen fertilizer. Landscape Use: Can be trained into a small tree. Hedging, seaside. It is considered invasive in some countries.

Pests & Diseases: Susceptible to Shot hole, a disease that produces buckshot-like holes in the leaves. Scale may also be a problem.

Comments: P. l. `Zabeliana` is low and wide spreading to 3 feet in height and 8 feet wide and can have a small re-bloom in the fall. P. l. `Mt. Vernon` is 10-15 inches high and 5-10 feet wide, slower growing in a dwarf form. P. l. `Otto Luyken` is compact at

3-4 feet in height and 6-8 feet in width. Both the latter have darker green, narrower leaves.

Rhododendron yakushimanum ERICACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 5-9

Height: 5 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Tight dome of woolly new growth. Leaf: Convex, glossy, dark green. Thick,

reddish-brown indumentum on lower surface.

Flower: Trusses of 5 to 10, deep rose-pink in bud, open as pale pink to white, tubular funnels. Conditions:

Sun: Dappled shade to full sun. Soil: Acidic, humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Thinning cuts - prune for shape. Deadhead after flower. Landscape Use: Feature shrub. Fine scented blooms are like watermelon - great on a path.

Pests & Diseases: Slugs can pose a threat. Comments: Hybrids vary in size, flower colour, and may have a paler indumentum. `Ken Janeck` and `Yaku Angel` are excellent cultivars.

Rhododendron `Sir Charles Lemon` ERICACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 7

Height: 10-20 feet

Width: 10-20 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Round and bushy.

Leaf::Dark green 6 inch leaves with cinnamon indumentums on reverse.

Flower: Trusses of creamy white flowers with purple dots inside. Conditions:

Sun::Filtered sun. Soil::Well-drained, rich, acidic, humus. Moisture: Evenly moist.

Maintenance & Pruning: Shallow planting. Brief frosts up to -18 Celsius. Fertilize before and after flowering. Landscape Use::Shelter from wind. Pests & Diseases: Root weevil chews on roots. Comments::Young plants do not bloom. Hummers enjoy when flowering. AGM winner. Propagate from cuttings. American Rhododendron Society. Flowers in April.

Rosmarinus officinalis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rosemaryâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 8-10

Height: 5 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Many woody branches with a coarse, feathery texture.

Leaf::Linear, leathery, scented leaves used in cooking.

Flower: Blue to white tubular, 2-lipped flowers (April to early summer). Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Less fertile soil (less woody, better oil). Moisture: Well-drained, dry soil.

Maintenance & Pruning: Little to no fertilizer. Likes seaside conditions. Protect from winter winds. Needs a lot of water in the first season. Needs progressively less after each passing season.

Landscape Use::Nice on walkways, cascades down walls. Do not fertilize if using for cooking. Only cut down to good green side growth. Pests & Diseases::None to mention. Comments::Many different cultivars, which vary from prostrate to upright to open and arching. Size can vary, as well as hardiness, and flower colours ranging from blues to pinks, purples, or whites.

Rubus pentalobus `Emerald Carpet` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Creeping raspberryâ&#x20AC;? RASACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 4-12 inches

Width: 3-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Spreading tendrils. Leaf: Bright green, tinted burgundy in winter.

Flower: Small, white inconspicuous blooms in spring. Seldom are there fruits. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to part shade. Takes bright shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Trim out ratty bits in spring. To encourage speedy growth apply a slow -release fertilizer. Roots by layering on surface, therefore easy to remove.

Landscape Use: Erosion control, tough spots, mixed borders, containers, groundcovers.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Native to Taiwan.

Santolina chamaecyparissus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lavender cottonâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 2.5 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Gangly, yet upright. Leaf: Dissected, aromatic, fine, silvery-grey. Flower: Bright yellow, button-like blooms.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Poor to moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Best pruned low in February, March for denser plant. Landscape Use: Med-style, mixed borders, coastal, informal, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Propagate by semi-hardwood cuttings. RHS AGM for two cultivars and one

subspecies. S. rosmarinifolia (was S. virens) has green leaves. Other species have cream flowers.

Sarococca species BUXACEAE Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height::1.5-5 feet

Width::3-4 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Dense, bushy-like and green. Leaf: Dark, glossy green leaves.

Flower: Sweet smelling white or creamy white

flowers in the axils of leaves in winter. This is followed by berries. Conditions:

Sun::Full shade. Will bleach out in the sun (cholorotic). Soil::Fertile, humus-rich. Good drainage.

Moisture: Evenly moist. Can tolerate drier conditions. Maintenance & Pruning::Specific to cvs. Landscape Use: Great in containers. Front garden, mixed borders, woodland gardens.

Pests & Diseases:: Deer resistant. Comments:: “Sweet box” likes zones 6-8, and no P & D. ITA level 2. S. confusa has a dense, rounded form and grows 3-5 feet in H & W. Elliptic, tapered leaves, slow

growing with white flowers and glossy black berries. Enjoys zone 7. S. hookeriana var. humilis “Dwarf sweet box” is rhizomatous, thicket forming, suckering dwarf

form at 18 inches in height to 3 feet in width. They have oblong, glossy, dark green leaves, pink-tinged white flowers with crimson anthers in January to February

followed by glossy blue-black berries. Hardier at zones 6-9. Used as a ground cover. S. ruscifolia “Christmas box” is dense, arching, and vase-shaped. It has ovate,

tapering glossy, dark green, narrow leaves on arching roots. Its height and width are 4 feet with creamy-white flowers, spherical dark-red berries. Does not sucker, can be pruned hard, but watch out for the form. Thinning cuts for size. Zones 8-9.

Tasmannia lanceolata Syn. Drimys lanceolata (name unresolved) “Tasmanian pepperbush” “Mountain pepper” WINTERACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone::7-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 4-5 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem::Glossy foliage, dark red stems. Leaf::Oval-shaped and deep green.

Flower: Creamy yellow-green perfumed blossoms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part or light shade.

Soil: Rich and organic for best results. Moisture::Well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning::A lot hardier than we assumed. Can be curt hard. Use heading back cuts.

Landscape Use: Best in sheltered location. Not suited to seaside. Front garden use. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not seem to eat. Comments: Slow growing. Native to Australia and Tasmania. Hard to find. Dioecious. Probably will not see fruit in Victoria. Black fruit is edible.

Thuja occidentalis `Pyramidalis` “Thuja” “Arborvitae” “Cedar” CUPRESSACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 2-7

Height: 30 feet Width: 3 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Columnar. Leaf: Green, scale-like.

Flower: Female cones are ovoid, split open from top down. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average fertility. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Do not prune top until it has reach desired height. Plant 18-24 inches apart for a hedge. Landscape Use: Hedging, barriers, containers, topiary, patio. Pests & Diseases: Deer enjoy. Comments: ITA level 2. T. o. `Smaragd` “Emerald cedar” is shorter, wider, lacier and does not go bronze in winter. Plant 2-3 feet apart. Taxus is a good alternative for hedging as it is slower growing.

Vaccinium ovatum “Evergreen huckleberry” “Shot-berry” ERICACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 4-6 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, dense. Leaf: Alternate, leathery, ovate, glossy, 2-5 cm long and bronze in spring.

Flower: Pinkish-white bell-shaped, 8mm long in clusters of 3-10 in dense racemes. Edible blue-black berries in fall. Conditions:

Sun: Part shade to sun. Soil: Acidic, wide range of soils. Moisture: Well-drained, moist.

Maintenance & Pruning: Prune to shape. Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Informal hedging, woodland garden, seaside. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Found in coniferous forests along ocean edges. Young stems are reddish

and fuzzy. UBC`s introduction V. o. `Thunderbird` has bright red new growth. Native from SW and SE Vancouver Island coasts and Gulf Islands to Santa Barbara,

California. 12 are native to Pacific NW and ovalifolium is the most common species in Alaska.

Viburnum rhytidophyllum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Leatherleaf viburnumâ&#x20AC;? ADOXACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 6-8

Height: 15 feet

Width: 15-25 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense mound. Leaf: 8 inches long, deeply veined. Trichomes are an irritant.

Flower: 8 inch cream domes. Red berries turn black.

Conditions:

Sun: Sun to considerable shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance and drought tolerant. Landscape Use: Train into multi-trunked tree or an informal hedge. Pests & Diseases: Resistant to Viburnum Leaf Beetle. Comments: Native to China.

Viburnum tinus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Laurustinusâ&#x20AC;? ADOXACEAE

Evergreen shrub Zone: 4-10

Height: 6-10 feet

Width:8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy, medium sized. Leaf: Dark green, leathery.

Flower: Evergreen corymbs of pink buds open to white flowers in March and blue fruits through summer.

Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Average. Maintenance & Pruning: Protect from cold winter winds. Easy care. Landscape Use: 4 season interest. Pests & Diseases: Susceptible to Viburnum Leaf Beetle. Deer resistant. Comments: V. t. `Eve Price` is one of better cvs. and has AGM status. V. t. `Spring Bouquet` is only 6-7 feet in height. V.t. `Variegatum` is lower and has creamy variegation.

Herbaceous Perennials

Achillea filipendulina `Gold Plate` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fernleaf yarrowâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 3-5 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tall, columnar, clump-forming. Leaf: Feathery, green.

Flower: Flattened clusters of yellow daisy-like blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Any fertile.

Moisture: Good drainage, tolerant of drought in cooler climates once est. Maintenance & Pruning: Do not have to stake if site is dry with lots of sun. Deadhead down to smaller bud for another flush. Can be used as part of an IPM program. Seed heads nice for winter interest.

Landscape Use: 4 season, informal, prairie, meadow, cottage, cut flowers. Pests & Diseases: Can get root-rot, powdery mildew if too wet. Occasionally gets rust. Deer and rabbit resistant.

Comments: Native to Central Asia, Turkey and Iran. Flowers attracts beneficials, bees, butterflies. ITA level 2.

Achillea millefolium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common yarrowâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 2-9

Height: 4 inches - 4 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright stalks above low mat. Leaf: Aromatic, fern-like. Compound leaves deeply dissected, 2-3 pinnate, alternating along flowering stems or basal ones.

Flower: Flat corymbs of daisy-like blooms. Rays are white, disks white or yellow. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Wide range - even rocky, therefore an indicator plant for various sites. Moisture: Average, well-drained.

Maintenance & Pruning: Propagate by division or by seed in spring. Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Attracts butterflies. Meadow, natural, cottage, informal, coastal.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant, generally trouble free. Comments: RHS AGM for 2 cvs. ITA level 1. Many excellent cultivars with coloured

flowers. Actually not a species, but a set of closely related spp. Native to Europe all the way to Western Asia. In North America there are many native and introduced genotypes.

Achillea `Moonshine` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yarrow `Moonshine`â&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 2 feet

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, erect. Leaf: Finely cut, grey-green, saw-toothed.

Flower: Bright yellow corymbs up to 4 inches wide June and later. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Average, even some drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Dig up to divide in spring or fall and compost the center. Do this every 3-5 years. Deadhead for second bloom. Landscape Use: Mixed borders, cut flower, rockery. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: AGM status. Achillea cvs. are ITA level2.

Aconitum carmichaelii `Arendsii` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Autumn monkshoodâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-7

Height: 2-5 feet

Width: 1-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect and leathery. Leaf: Ovate, 3-5 lobed, leathery dark green.

Flower: Dense panicles of large, rich blue blooms in early to mid fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to partial shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Use gloves and caution when cutting. Low maintenance. Cut to laterals to encourage blooms or remove laterals to encourage a single stronger

spike. Needs a staking in too much shade. If cut down to basal growth there could be a second flush. Remember to never cut into basal growth when putting to bed for the winter. Rarely needed, but can divided in spring.

Landscape Use: Striking at the back of a perennial border. Cut flowers, perennial borders, mixed borders, cottage.

Pests & Diseases: Highly poisonous and therefore deer and rabbit proof. Comments: Great pollinator plant. A. napellus flowers earlier in July - August.

Actaea simplex (Atropurpurea Group) â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bugbaneâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 6 feet

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, brown and purple. Leaf: Dark purple astilbe-like, deeply cut with coppery overtones.

Flower: Late flowering spikes of highly scented, white to pink blooms. Conditions: Sun: Best with bright light, but not direct. Soil: Rich, organic.

Moisture: Regular, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Easy care, but very slow to establish. Could take 2-3

years. Does not like to be moved and never seems to need dividing. Remove a piece from the rootstock when dormant to propagate. Seldom needs staking. Do not top dress, spread organic matter around the edges.

Landscape Use: Mass plant, mixed border, grass gardens. Pests & Diseases: Potentially deer resistant. Comments: Native to China. Still widely sold as Cimicifuga. Excellent plant, but

underused. Bee magnet. A. s. Hillside `Black Beauty` is 4-6 feet tall and 2 feet wide with a pink tinge. `Black Negligee` is 3-4 feet tall and 3 feet wide and white. `Brunette` is 3-4 feet tall and 3 feet wide and white.

Aegopodium podagraria `Variegatum` “Goutweed” “Bishop`s weed” APIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 10 - 24 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense rhizomatous ground cover. Leaf: Pale green with cream margins.

Flower: Insignificant rounded heads of small white blooms in summer. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade is best, but handles shade to full sun. Soil: Any type.

Moisture: Even moisture. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut low once or twice per season. Tough plant - handles dry shade. Landscape Use: Need an 8 - 12 inch barrier to stop spread of invasive rhizome. Alternately, plant in pot. Banks and slopes.

Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Deer proof. Comments: Propagate by division in spring or fall. ITA level 2.

Agapanthus spp. & cvs. “Lily of the Nile” “African lily” AGAPANTHACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (in Victoria) Zone: 6-9, 7-10, 9-10

Height: 6 inches- 5 feet

Width: 6 inches - 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, slender. Leaf: Green, strappy.

Flower: Umbels in shades of blue, pale to very deep, or white in mid to late summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun for best bloom.

Soil: Fertile, layer of compost in spring. Moisture: Well-drained, must have dry site in winter. Maintenance & Pruning: Heavy feeder and enjoys fertilizers high in phosphorus.

Cut down before it becomes a wet mess of gloop. Slow to establish and rare to divide. Landscape Use: Best with west or south facing location. Shelter from cold winds. Seaside, herbaceous flower borders, informal, meadow, cut flowers. Pests & Diseases: Can contract a virus where pale blotching and and lining on the leaves occur. This can result in disfigurement, stunted or ragged leaves. Remove and garbage immediately. Generally no other pest and disease.

Comments: A. praecox will be evergreen in warmer climates. A. campanulatus is deciduous and generally hardier. A. `Headbourne Hybrids` is lilac blue to white and a strong grower at 30 inches height and width. A. `Peter Pan` is compact and evergreen coming in at 20 inches high and 24 inches wide.

Ajuga reptans â&#x20AC;&#x153;Carpet bugleweedâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (evergreen in Victoria) Zone: 3-9

Height: 6 inches

Width: 24-36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Square stem indicates mint family. Leaf: Simple, dark green.

Flower: Whorled two-lipped with a range of colours. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to full shade. Can fade in strong sun.

Soil: Likes humus rich, but will tolerate poorer conditions. Moisture: Even and well-drained.

Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Can remove flower heads after bloom. Landscape Use: Works as a groundcover, erosion control. Rock gardens, informal, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Will get root rot if too wet. Comments: ITA level 2. Grows easily from cuttings. `Catlin`s Giant` has large, dark bronze-purple leaves. `Black Scallop` has dark burgundy-black deep blue flowers. `Burgundy Glow` has light purple-light green variegated foliage.

Anemone blanda â&#x20AC;&#x153;Windflowerâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (spring ephemeral) Zone::5-8

Height::6 inches

Width::6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Fern-like foliage. Rhizomatous or tuberous rootstalks.

Leaf::Small palmately lobed leaves. Flower::Deep blue to pink to white. Radial shape. Early March to April. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to light shade. Deciduous shade. Soil::Well-drained and average.

Moisture::Moist over winter and spring. Drier in summer. Maintenance & Pruning: Soak tubers before planting. Landscape Use::Under trees and shrubs. Mass plant. Pests & Diseases::Deer resistant - toxic! Comments::Naturalize by seed.

Anemone nemorosa “Woodland anemone” RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 8 inches

Width: 6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Spreading, rhizomatous, woody roots.

Leaf: Palmately lobed, green. Flower: Solitary white blooms. Colour ranges

from white to through blue, including pale pink. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to open shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist when growing. Tolerates dryer conditions when dormant. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Spreads by shallow, woody rootlets. Landscape Use: Spring ephemeral. Naturalizes well, use as woodland groundcover for early to late spring interest. Natural garden borders. Pests & Diseases: Slugs could be a threat. Comments: AGM winner. Later blooming than A. blanda and more shade tolerant. A. n. `Robinsoniana` has pale gray buds, which open to pale lavender flowers with gold

stamens. A. n. `Alba Plena` anemone is centred white. A. n. `Vestal` is light blue. Yellow form is A. `ranunculoides` “Buttercup anemone”.

Aquilegia hybrids â&#x20AC;&#x153;Columbineâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 18-36 inches

Width: 6-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mounded, erect. Leaf: Lacy, lobed.

Flower: White, cream, yellow, pink, red, wine, blue, purple, or bicoloured petals, sepals and spurs. Blooms in early spring to summer. Conditions:

Sun: Part shade to full sun. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist to average. Maintenance & Pruning: Taproot makes dividing and transplanting difficult. All hybridize and self-seed freely. Very easy care plant. Dead-head before or after seeds ripen, then remove brown foliage in fall, winter. Landscape Use: Informal, cottage, front of house. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Hummers enjoy the nectar, juncos like the seeds. ITA level 1. Local native A. Formosa is yellow, orange and red.

Asparagus officinalis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Asparagusâ&#x20AC;? ASPARARGACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 5-7 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Long, leggy, airy. Leaf: Scale-like, purplish.

Flower: Small white or pinkish blooms followed by red berries. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to part-shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Heavy feeders and therefore compost annually. Plant 8-10

inches deep and cover with 2 inches of soil. Space 1 foot apart. Backfill as it grows. Harvest once it becomes spindly. Cut down foliage in autumn. Landscape Use: Seacoast, mixed borders, informal, veggies. Pests & Diseases: Slugs and asparagus beetle. Comments: Buy male roots as females seed about. Edible shoots in spring. Pollinators enjoy.

Aster x frikartii `Monch` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Aster `Monch`â&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 2-3 feet

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy. Leaf: Darker than other asters.

Flower: Large lavender blue blooms freely produced in loose panicle form. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Good airflow and regular water. Do not over-fertilize as this creates a weaker plant. Can be loosely staked, but do not try to restrain. Keep

the informal mass. Can be cut back half in mid May to shorten and delay flowering into fall. Can be deadheaded to prolong flowers. Landscape Use: Disk colours effectively echoes yellows in late summer borders. Mass plant, combine with grasses, Rudbeckia, Aconitum. Pests & Diseases: Verticillium wilt, powdery mildew, grey moulds. Most asters seem to be deer resistant.

Comments: Cross of two species and can take drier conditions than other asters and is more resistant to disease. Good pollinator. Propagate by division r by root basal cuttings in spring.

Astilbe hybrids â&#x20AC;&#x153;Astilbeâ&#x20AC;? SAXIFRAGACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: Varies (4 inch to 4 feet) Width: Varies Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump forming, rhizomatous. Leaf: Lacy foliage, green to bronze.

Flower: Feathery plumes of white, pink, or wine blooms in early summer. Conditions: Sun: Part shade to full shade. Soil: Humus, cool.

Moisture: Boggy and moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Do not stake. Divide clumps in early spring every 4-5 years. Avoid wind, drought and deep cultivation. Landscape Use: Informal, cottage, flower borders and beds. Pests & Diseases: Disease resistant. Weevils can be an issue. Comments: A. chinensis is 6 inches tall. A. japonica and simplicifolia are above 4 feet. 16 Astillbe cultivars, subspecies, and species have AGM status. ITA level1.

Athyrium niponicum var. pictum “Japanese painted fern” “Painted lady fern” WOODSIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 8-12 inches

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Lance-shaped, tender texture, arching.

Leaf: Green, silvery-grey and dark purple fronds to 14 inches long. Pinnate to tripinnate.

Flower: Yellow spores underneath leaves. Conditions:

Sun: Semi to full shade. Soil: Fertile, slightly acidic.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Propagate by spores (colour can vary), or divide rhizomes in spring. Cut down old foliage in spring to allow for fresh, new growth. Landscape Use: Prefers a sheltered location. Woodland, rock garden, mass plantings, groundcover, pond garden.

Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: ITA level 2 and AGM status.

Begonia x tuberhybrida “Tuberous begonia” BEGONIACEAE

Tuberous perennial Zone: 9-11

Height: 1-1.5 feet

Width: 1-1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Pendulous or upright. Leaf: Dark green to burgundy.

Flower: Cyme of 1 showy male and 2 female blooms. Conditions: Sun: Semi-shade (full sun in coastal regions). Soil: Fertile, humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Heavy feeders - every 2 weeks apply fish fertilizer and every other 2 weeks apply 20-20-20. Pinch off female flowers to allow showier male blooms to thrive. Bring tubers in for winter and keep in a mild dry place until spring. Start indoors in February or March. Landscape Use: Pots, hanging baskets, flower borders and beds. Pests & Diseases: Root weevils can chew tubers. Check tubers underneath for any sign of sawdust. Cut the weevil out of the tuber. Powdery mildew can be an issue as well.

Comments: Upright varieties are sooner to flower than pendulous ones. “Fibrous” or “Wax begonia” is B. Semperflorens Group and is 8-12 inches in height with small flowers and leaves, and fibrous roots.

Brunnera macrophylla `Variegata` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Siberian buglossâ&#x20AC;? BORAGINACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 12 -18 inches

Width: 12 - 15 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming. Leaf: Large, creamy-edged, ovate.

Flower: Long lasting light blue in early spring. Conditions:

Sun: Morning sun to light shade. Soil: Loves fertile, but will tolerate average. Moisture: Wet sun, dry shade.

Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Propagate by division in spring or root cuttings in winter. Landscape Use: Underplant, excellent foliage plant. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest free. Comments: B. m. `Jack Frost` - definitely one of the best - strong, tough, and reliable. `Looking Glass` has a murky colour. B. m. `Sea Heart` has blue and pink flowers. `Hadspen Cream` has strong cream edges.

Caltha palustris “Marsh marigold” “Kingcup” RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-7

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Lazy, sprawling. Leaf: Glossy, simple and green.

Flower: Glossy yellow, six-petalled buttercup. Conditions: Sun: Full sun. Soil: Rich.

Moisture: Damp to wet. Maintenance & Pruning: If submerged in a pot or pond, take out every few years and divide to renew. Divide in spring or late summer. Can be planted up to 9 inches deep in water.

Landscape Use: Marginal aquatic, therefore likes bogs or even shallow water. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: C. palustris `Flore Pleno` “Double marsh marigold” has double flowers, which last longer. RHS AGM.

Canna spp. & cvs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cannaâ&#x20AC;? CANNACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 8-11

Height: 2-6 feet

Width: 1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dramatic, upright, rhizomes. Leaf: Ovate, burgundy.

Flower: Showy, tropical. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Even, some spp. can stand in water. Maintenance & Pruning: Best to store tubers indoors over winter and re-pot in February. Do not cut tired stems - just fold over leaves to protect from water

freeing and winter damage. Bump heat up a bit if you notice mildew indoors in the winter. Can be divided in spring. Protect with chicken wire and pad with Gary oak leaves.

Landscape Use: Tropical, specimen, bold, wall side, protected rain gardens. Pests & Diseases: Aphids and unsanitary tools are the biggest issues. Comments: Some like growing in streams.

Centaurea montana “Perennial cornflower” “Mountain bluet” ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 12-24 inches

Width: 12-18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Rhizomatous, droopy, or upright. Leaf: Simple or lobed, green.

Flower: Blue and thistle-like. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average to poor.

Moisture: Dry to medium, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be invasive in optimum conditions. Flops over in better conditions. Often needs to be staked, gets very messy after flowering. Shear back to ground.

Landscape Use: Rocky slopes, seaside. Remove in most cases if possible, not worth the space. Pests & Diseases: Prone to mildews - downy, white, and rust. Deer do not eat. Comments: ITA level 2. On invasive species list in BC. Good pollinator.

Chrysoplenium macrophyllum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Giant golden saxifrageâ&#x20AC;? SAXIFRAGACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 6a - 9b

Height: 6 inches

Width: 8 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Arching octopus-like stolons. Leaf: Rosettes of thick, hairy, 6 inch, ovals with a purplish cast in spring. Become mid-green in summer.

Flower: Panicles of whitish green bracts with pink anthers from March to April. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained and even. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance, but does enjoy some mulch. Landscape Use: Edging on woodland cottage gardens. Underplant. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Introduced from China in the 1980`s.

Clematis recta â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ground clematisâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-7

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Floppy. Leaf: Dark green or bluish-green, ovate.

Flower: Airy panicles of lightly scented, creamy white, 3 quarter inch, June to July. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile, humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Can cut down to 4-6 inches early June. Needs trellis or some kind of support as it gets quite floppy.

Landscape Use: Specimen, flower borders, underplant. Pests & Diseases: Deer do enjoy. Usually trouble free. Comments: C. r. `Purpurea` is variable in leaf colour when grown from seed. Propagate by basal cuttings, division, layering.

Colchicum autumnale “Naked ladies” “Autumn-flowering crocus” COLCHICACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 6 inches

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Corms, delicate. Leaf: Wide, strappy.

Flower: Goblet shaped 4-6 inches in size. 6 stamens vs crocus with 3 stamens. Appears after leaves.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun best, but takes part shade as well. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, handles summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Prefers a sheltered site. Flat, neat papery corms that are easily damaged by wind, water and careless handling. 0 traffic once flowered! Plant 3-4 inches deep and 6-8 inches apart. Divide every 5-6 years in spring. Compost when dormant. Landscape Use: Mass plant, meadow, prairie, natural, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Can be damaged by slugs, squirrels may eat the corms. Deer do not eat because of toxicity. Comments: C. speciosum `Album` is pure white. C. `Waterlily` is double purple-pink.

Cyclamen coum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Winter cyclamenâ&#x20AC;? PRIMULACEA

Herbaceous tuberous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 2-3 inches

Width: 2-4 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Habit is to grow bushy with dark tuberous stems.

Leaf: Rounded silvery and edged with dark green. Flower: Compact 1-2.5 inches long. 5 reflex twisted

petals, dark red stains above white rimmed mouths. Dark to light pink white blooms. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to shade but best out of full summer sun. Soil: Moderately fertile, humus-rich.

Moisture: Well-drained soil that is not wet in summer but does not dry out. Maintenance & Pruning: Apply leaf mulch in the fall and or if the leaves wither. Move after flowering because of its small size. Slow to naturalize.

Landscape Use: Used in spring gardens and under perennials and deciduous plantings.

Pests & Diseases: Squirrels and mice may eat tubers. Comments: Best purchased in flower to tell the colour. Soak tuber overnight before planting. From seed to flower takes about 3 years. Plant at the same depth as the

container. Plant tuber at 1 inch depth. Plant tuber sideways if not sure which side is upright.

Cyclamen hederifolium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ivy-leaved cyclamenâ&#x20AC;? PRIMULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 4-6 inches

Width: 6-12 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tuberous, dainty. Leaf: Grey-green, arrow or heart-shaped, silver mottling. Appear in fall, last into spring.

Flower: Deep pink to light pink. Appear in late summer.

Conditions:

Sun: Part shade. Soil: Any.

Moisture: Dry is best when dormant. Maintenance & Pruning: Do not move while in flower, therefore in summer. Landscape Use: Underplanting of high canopy trees and shrubs like Hamemelis, natural and woodland. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: AGM winner. Pure white form is C. h. var. hederifolium f. albiflorum `Album`.

Dahlia spp. & cvs. ASTERACEAE Herbaceous perennial Zone: 8

Height: 1-4 feet

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Tuberous, upright. Leaf: Pinnately divided.

Flower: Showy, many colours and shapes. Spherical.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Fertile, humus rich.

Moisture: Average, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Most require protective mulch for winter prep. Some cultivars are more hardy than others. If not digging up, cover with a thick mulch or

keep in a pot and dig up for winter. They usually require staking. Place the stakes in the ground at planting time as to not spear tubers. Cuttings will not produce new tubers and are annual. Deadhead to closest set of opposite buds for continuous

blooms. Pinch 1st set of lower laterals for a better flower. Growth only comes from

one side of tuber where small "pimples" or bumps occur. Be careful not to damage this. Landscape Use: Cottage, formal, flower borders, cut flowers, city and courtyard. Pests & Diseases: Aphids, earwigs, caterpillars. Comments: There is an annual show that happens each year in Victoria. Check it out. The `Bishop` series have dark foliage. Propagate by division and by cuttings.

Darmera peltata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Umbrella plantâ&#x20AC;? SAXIFRAGACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 4-5 feet

Width: 3-4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bare stem. Leaf: Lobed and notched up to 18 inches turn to a beautiful burgundy red in Autumn.

Flower: Pink umbels in mid spring. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Not fussy, will tolerate clay if it stays moist. Moisture: Moist to boggy soil. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide by cuttings and layer propagation. Spreads by rhizome.

Landscape Use: Suitable for stream and pond banks, bog gardens. Can be partially submerged in winter. Erosion control. Nice fall colour. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Slug resistant. Comments: Looks a bit like gunnera, but is fully hardy and does not need winter protection. Native to west coast Oregon into California.

Delphinium New Millennium Series RANUNCULACEAE Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-7

Height: 40-70 inches

Width: 18-24 inches

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Upright.

Leaf: Basal, lobed, deep green. Flower: Dramatic spikes of blue, pink, or white. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile, humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Deadhead for second bloom. Stronger and more mildew resistant than Pacific Hybrid Series.

Landscape Use: Flower beds, cut flowers, mixed borders, cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Bait for slugs. Comments: RHS AGM. ITA level 1 is Delphinium elatum.

Dodecatheon hendersonii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Shooting starsâ&#x20AC;? PRIMULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-7

Height: 16 inches

Width: 10 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Resemble tiny street lamps. Leaf: Rosette of fleshy leaves lie close to the ground.

Flower: 1-5 purple-pink flowers with dark anthers and stamens projecting from reflexed petals. Conditions:

Sun: Semi-shade to sun. Soil: Well-drained, humus rich.

Moisture: Moist in winter, but takes summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Easygoing. Landscape Use: Underplant shrubs, woodland gardens. Will naturalise in rocky winter-wet mossy areas that dry out in summer. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: Grows on Vancouver Island down to California. Usually blooms two to three weeks earlier than D. pulchellum, which has erect leaves. Both species have RHS AGM. 14 species in total!

Echinacea purpurea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Purple coneflowerâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 3-4 feet

Width: 18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect, clump-forming, rhizomatous.

Leaf: Simple, pinnately lobed. Flower: Droopy rays, orange-black central cone. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Good, light. Moisture: Well-drained, no wet feet in winter. Maintenance & Pruning: Strong grower and easy care. Does not need staking if in lean soil. Can take drought, although better looking if some water. Pull scrappy

looking petals and leave seed heads for winter interest. Divide down middle and save outsides. Lime in spring. Chelsea chop (staggered prolonged blooming) down to dormant bud. Landscape Use: Use in hell strips, echo the disk. Pests & Diseases: No known pests, but are usually deer food. Comments: North American native. Attracts bees and butterflies. ITA level1. E. p. `Magnus` is most common and has a deeper purple flower with more horizontal petals, darker disk. It is hardier than most and slightly larger. E. p. `White Swan` is the

best of the whites. E. `Cheyenne Spirit` is multicoloured and is showing to seed true. E. `Pow Wow Wild Berry` is and `Pow Wow White` are also strong cultivars. Watch out for some of the newer cultivars - very mixed - some good and some bad, not nearly as hardy. E. pallida is awesome and snap it up if you can find it.

Echinops bannaticus “Globe thistle” ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 2-4 feet

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, lollipop-like. Leaf: Grey-green, woolly, divided.

Flower: Spherical, blue-grey, spiky blooms. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Average t poor.

Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Easy care. Will need to be staked if soil is too rich and there is too little light. Cut down to lateral buds for more blooms. Cut to base in fall. Do not cut into basal growth! Taproot, so be careful when transplanting.

Landscape Use: Rockery, med-style, natural, winter-interest. Nice cut and dried flower. Pests & Diseases: No major problems. May get aphids. Deer do not appear to enjoy. Comments: Common cultivars include `Blue Glow` & `Taplow Blue` both have deeper colour. ITA level 2. E. ritro “Small globe thistle” is 24 inches tall and 18 inches wide. E. r. `Veitch`s Blue` is slightly darker and is 3 feet tall, best for second bloom.

Eranthis hyemalis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Winter aconiteâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous tuberous perennial Zone: 3-7

Height: 2-3 inches

Width: 2 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Light green stem with dark green collar underneath the flower.

Leaf: Palmate lobed basal leaves. Flower: Deep yellow 2-3 centimetres wide with small yellow pistils. Blooms early to mid-January. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to partial shade. Soil: Humus-rich, does best in alkaline.

Moisture: Moist, well-drained soil that does not dry out in the growing season. Maintenance & Pruning: Add lime in the fall. Propagate by seed and moist tuber. Landscape Use: Under deciduous shrubs and trees with long living herbaceous perennials (hellebores, hostas, ferns). Pests & Diseases: Mildly toxic. Therefore, deer proof, although slugs may be a problem. Comments::An AGM winner. Should be purchased in tubers in the fall or directly in

flower. Stems and leaves of E. cilica are more bronze, taller, later to bloom and do not naturalize as well as their counterpart.

Eriophyllum lanatum “Woolly sunflower” “Oregon sunshine” ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 8-24 inches

Width: 8-24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect to prostrate. Leaf: White woolly to silvery-grey.

Flower: Succession of bright yellow, single or in loose corymbs in June in SW BC. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Poor to moderate fertility. Moisture: Sharply-drained, takes drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back after flowering to keep compact. Landscape Use: Attractive in rockeries, native plantings, xeriscapes, seaside, containers.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Native to Vancouver Island and nearby mainland coast, Fraser canyon and southern interior, as well as California. Propagate by seed in autumn, division in spring, root cuttings in late winter and can dig out small plugs almost any time of year.

Eupatorium purpureum syn. Eutrochium dubium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Joe Pyeweedâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 6-10 feet

Width: 3-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming, fast. Leaf: Whorled in 5`s.

Flower: Small purple tubular blooms in panicles. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Not picky, tolerates clay. Moisture: Medium, even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Lime in fall, lean conditions. Cut to ground in spring. Divide in fall or spring. Landscape Use: Back border plant, cottage, wildlife, informal flower beds. Pests & Diseases: No notable P & D, but can contract a powdery mildew in dry conditions in late summer. Generally not deer food. Comments: Native to eastern States. Attracts butterflies. E. p. `Little Joe` is smaller at 3-4 feet by 1-3 feet wide.

Euphorbia griffithii `Fireglow` â&#x20AC;&#x153;`Fireglow` spurgeâ&#x20AC;? EUPHORBIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 2.5 feet

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, bobble-like. Leaf: Spiral alternately around erect stems and turn red and yellow in the fall. Flower: Terminal cymes in May and June of yellow cyathia within orange-red involucres.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun to partial shade.

Soil: Humus-rich, light or heavy. Moisture: Well-drained and moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Spreads vigorously by underground rhizomes, especially in light soils. Propagate by division in early spring or basal cuttings spring or

early summer. Cut flowered shoots to ground when they look untidy and the remainder when they turn brown.

Landscape Use: Good for containers, cut flowers or foliage, group planting, beds, cottage gardens.

Pests & Diseases: Generally none. Comments: Bleeds toxic, milky sap.

Eurybia divaricata â&#x20AC;&#x153;White wood asterâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 1-2 feet

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect. Leaf: Serrated, lanceolate.

Flower: Daisy-like, slender white rays. Conditions: Sun: Full shade. Soil: Any type.

Moisture: Tolerate dry conditions, needs well-drained site in Victoria. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut to ground, but no hurry as foliage can turn buttery yellow in fall. Low maintenance. Blooms late and long. Landscape Use: Woodlands, shade gardens and natural. Pests & Diseases: Deer do not eat. Comments: Attracts butterflies. Propagate by seed, cutting and division.

Foeniculum vulgare `Purpureum` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bronze fennelâ&#x20AC;? APIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright and loose, deep roots. Leaf: Finely pinnate, bronze-purple , 12 inch leaves with liquorice scent.

Flower: Flat umbels of yellow. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Rich to poor. Moisture: Average well-drained to drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut to 6 inches in June when in flower to prevent seed formation and will regenerate that month.

Landscape Use: Drought tolerant, herb, informal, seaside, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Can get aphids, generally disease free. Comments: Swallowtail butterflies lay eggs on it. A good pollinator.

Galium species “Bedstraw” RUBIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-8

Height: 3 feet

Width: 4-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Long airy mass. Leaf: Whorls of 6 or 7, narrow, pointed.

Flower: Tiny white blooms June and July. Conditions: Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Collect the berries by hand and save the seed. Roots can be used as a dye. Landscape Use: Excellent filler. Pests & Diseases: Deer proof. Comments: Native to North Africa. Fully hardy in Victoria. Not invasive like Galium odoratum “Sweet woodruff.”

Gaura lindheimeri â&#x20AC;&#x153;Whirling butterfliesâ&#x20AC;? ONAGRACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 3-5 feet

Width: 1-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Very upright, see-through plant. Leaf: Simple, pinnate, narrow.

Flower: Lax panicles of white starry blooms. Conditions: Sun: Long flower time best in full sun. Tolerates light shade. Soil: Average, but can tolerate poor, rocky sites. Moisture: Well-drained, average.

Maintenance & Pruning: Cut down midsummer when ratty, but leave woody base. Chelsea chop. Woody stems, therefore do not divide. Rich conditions makes for a weak plant. Maroon spots on young leaves giveaway. Never divide. Propagate by semi-soft cuttings in spring and hardwood cuttings in summer. Do not move mature plants. Landscape Use: Dry, mixed gardens, grass, en masse. Pests & Diseases: Can get root rot if too wet. No real issues and deer do not seem to be eating. Comments: AGM winner. Native to southern U.S. Cultivars include `Whirling

Butterflies` where pink opens to white, compact and more floriferous. `Siskiyou Pink` is larger than the species and deep pink. `Ballerina Blush` is white with pink

tinge, more upright form 12-18 inches in height and 12 inches width and a good choice for containers. `Geyser White` is pure white and upright to 20-36 inches in height and width. `Crimson Butterflies` is compact at 12-18 inches in height and 6-12 inches in width, upright form with hot pink flowers and crimson red foliage.

Geranium `Ann Folkard` GERANIACEAE Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 1-3 feet

Width: 1-4 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Spreading habit. Leaf: Chartreuse to mid-green

Flower: Magenta blooms with black eyes. Long flowering from early summer into fall.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Can take more shade, but not ideal. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Moist, but must be well-drained. Can take drier conditions. Maintenance & Pruning: Remove spent flower stems and ratty leaves to promote more flowers. A sterile plant, therefore it keeps flowering without seed Landscape Use: Containers, mixed borders, cottage. A wanderer. Foliage can turn colour in fall.

Pests & Diseases: Rabbit and dear resistant. Comments: AGM winner.

Geranium `Rozanne` GERANIACEAE Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 1-2.5 feet

Width: 1-2.5 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Vigorous low spreader. Leaf: Dense, lobed.

Flower: Inflorescences of round, 5-petalled blooms.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part-shade. Soil: Highly organic. Moisture: Medium.

Maintenance & Pruning: Easily divided in spring. Low maintenance, does not self seed, which is very important. If tired mid summer, cut halfway down. Landscape Use: Anchor and flow plant. Creates continuity and relieves negative

space. Mixed borders, containers, cottage, containers, underplanting. Goes well with many colours, including orange, red, yellow.

Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant, no P & D. Comments: Winner of the public vote for Chelsea Plant of the Centenary for the decade of 1993 to 2003.

Hacquetia epipactis APIACEAE Herbaceous perennial Zone::5-7

Height: 2 inches (6 inches with flower) Width: 6-12 inches Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Fully expand after flowering. Leaf::3-lobed, bright green.

Flower: Dense umbel of bright yellow blooms over green bracts in April. Conditions:

Sun::Semi to full shade.

Soil: Well-drained, humus-rich. Moisture::Average to moist. Maintenance & Pruning::Easy-going. Landscape Use::Woodland and seaside. Underplant shrubs and taller foliage. Pests & Diseases::None mentioned. Comments::AGM winner.

Hakonechloa macra `All Gold` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japanese forest grass `All Gold`â&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 1 foot

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Lush, cascading mound. Leaf: Narrow, linear-lanceolate that range from bright gold in sun to paler gold to more chartreuse in shade.

Flower: Loose panicles of yellow spikelets, July to August. Conditions: Sun: Semi-shade is best, slower in full shade. Soil: Fertile, humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Never invasive as it is not rhizomatous. Low maintenance

as it only needs to be cut back in late winter or early spring. Any division is done in early spring. Landscape Use: Groundcover, by ponds, pathways and borders, tree wells, modern and architectural, containers. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant, but rabbits enjoy. Comments: H. m. is green. `Aureola` has narrow, bright yellow and greens stripes and AGM status.

Helenium autumnale â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sneezeweedâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 3-5 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, clump-forming. Leaf: Simple.

Flower: Daisy-like, bright yellow, copper, red, orange. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average, even clay. Moisture: Even, tolerates wet. Maintenance & Pruning: Deadhead to prolong bloom time. Divide every 3-4 years. May need to stake.

Landscape Use: Bogs, rain gardens, flower borders and beds, natural, woodland. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew can be a problem if too dry. Deer usually keep away.

Comments: North America native, found on stream banks. Attracts butterflies.

Hemerocallis cvs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Daylilyâ&#x20AC;? HEMEROCALLIDACEAE

Herbaceous perennial(in Victoria) Zone: 3-10 (variable)

Height: 8 inches-6 feet

Width: 12-55 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, clump-forming. Leaf: Fans of strap-like blades.

Flower: Single or double trumpets in clusters. Variable early, mid, or late-season bloom or long-blooming. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun is best to light shade. Soil: Average to fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Plant in spring, crown 1inch below soil level. Propagate by division in spring, or by seed in spring or fall. Landscape Use: Informal meadow plantings, flower beds, cottage styles. Pests & Diseases: The Hemerocallis gall midge deforms and turns buds purple. It is a very serious problem. Comments: RHS AGM for 46 cvs. ITA level 1 still uses Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Hesperantha coccinea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Crimson flag lilyâ&#x20AC;? IRIDACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (evergreen in Victoria) Zone: 7-9

Height: 1-2 feet

Width: 1.5-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping or single-stemmed. Leaf: Narrow, sword-like, erect.

Flower: Showy spikes or bowls of scarlet blooms. Conditions: Sun: Full sun. Will grow in shadier conditions. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Consistently moist throughout growth. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be cut hard in spring. Deadhead after blooms are spent. Do not allow straight spp. to go to seed. Groom out older stems. Stake singular growths.

Landscape Use: Grass gardens, cut flowers, cottage, mixed borders. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Deer can eat flowers. Comments: Was Schizostylis coccinea. Mrs. Hegarty` is bright pale pink. `Major` is crimson scarlet and an AGM winner. `Pink Princess` is pale pink.

Hosta species,/hybrids, cultivars ASPARAGACEAE Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 2 inch - 4 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Clumping, lush.

Leaf: Variable in colour, variegation, size, shape, puckering.

Flower: Funnel-shaped, white-purple. Conditions: Sun: Semi-shade.

Soil: Fertile, humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Rake out once foliage melts away. Divide in spring. Colour can vary with temperature. Landscape Use: Underplanting, containers, mixed borders, herbaceous borders, cottage. Great contrast with finer foliage. Turns gold in fall then brown.

Pests & Diseases: Prone to slug and snail damage. Although bluish, puckered

varieties are less prone and more tolerant of drought. Variegated cultivars are more susceptible to sun scorch. Deer enjoy. Comments: ITA level1.

Hylotelephium `Herbstfreude` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Stonecropâ&#x20AC;? CRASSULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 1.5 - 2 feet

Width: 1.5-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping succulent. Leaf: Fleshy, oblong, light green.

Flower: Large flat terminal clusters. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun, takes light shade. Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Drought tolerant to average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning: Easily divided in the spring. Chelsea Chop for shorter multiple new flower heads. Landscape Use: Winter interest, classic border planting, cottage, late flowering, seaside, rockery.

Pests & Diseases: Root rot if site is too wet. Botrytis if overwatered at the end of the growing season. Deer enjoy.

Comments: RHS AGM award. Was Sedum spectabile `Autumn Joy`.

Iris pseudacorus `Variegata` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Yellow flag `Variegata`â&#x20AC;? IRIDACEAE

Herbaceous rhizomatous perennial Zone: 4-7

Height: 3 feet

Width: 3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming, erect and arching stems.

Leaf: Light green with a white-yellow stripe, long and erect. Flower: Bright yellow with brown veins, up to 10cm in width. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Humus rich and acidic. Moisture: Moist to wet. Can be poorly-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut out spent flowers and even buds in early summer. Cut out brown foliage in fall. Rhizomatous, therefore propagate by division in midsummer to early fall. Landscape Use: Flower borders and beds, woodland, meadow, easy-going cottage. Pests & Diseases: Generally P & D free. Comments: Prized more for the foliage rather than blooms. Can sicken livestock if ingested. Cut sap can cause skin irritation. Invasive in wetlands. Leaves change to light green in summer.

Iris sibirica â&#x20AC;&#x153;Siberian Irisâ&#x20AC;? IRIDACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 2-8

Height: 20 - 48 inches

Width: 18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Creeping rhizomes forma a dense clumping plant, upright vase-like. Hollow slender, 1-3 branches stems.

Leaf: Linear and entire, grass-like at 10-30

inches long. In autumn, foliage turns yellow and dies back for winter. Flower: Blooms are sweet scented and above leaves at 20-48 inches. 3 inches in size in a range of blues and occasionally white. Falls have dark veining, with the base colour fading to white near the hafts. Conditions: Sun: Full sun (moisture is key) to part shade. Soil: Sandy to clay, humus rich.

Moisture: Moderate moisture to aquatic. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide in spring or fall. May not flower after in first

year. Cut foliage right down when ratty. Do not allow roots to dry when dividing and

transplanting. Cut out spent flowered heads or let seed heads form. With new plants remove to strengthen. Landscape Use: Front gardens, rain gardens, cottage, herbaceous and mixed borders. Nice cut flowers.

Pests & Diseases: Root rot, rust, slugs, snail damage, and wilt can be reduced if all foliage is cut back and cleaned up in the fall. Deer do not eat. Comments: Attracts butterflies and beneficial insects. ITA level 2.

Lamprocapnos spectabilis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bleedingheartâ&#x20AC;? PAPAVERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 24-36 inches

Width: 24-36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fragile arching stems. Leaf: Green, divided.

Flower: Red and white in late spring, early summer. Conditions:

Sun: Part shade to full shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Shear back to 6 inches after flowering. Divide in very early spring.

Landscape Use: Protect from afternoon sun. Low traffic areas. Nice cut flowers. Cottage and natural gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Snails and slugs may nibble. No P & D, really. Comments: Was Dicentra spectabilis. Often a spring ephemeral (goes dormant after

flowering, earlier in dry conditions). AGM winner, and ITA level 1. L. s. `Alba` and `Gold heart` are the best known cultivars. `King of Hearts` is a hybrid with fern-like foliage, it`s more compact and similar to D. formosa.

Liatris spicata “Gayfeather” “Liatris” ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 2 feet

Width: 1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, alien-like. Leaf: Basal tufts, linear.

Flower: Dense clusters of lilac-pink or white, tubular disk florets. Long lasting through late summer. Open top to bottom. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide in spring when roots are fleshy and can heal more easily. Can be cut to ground in winter. Landscape Use: Natural, flower borders, cut flowers, meadow-style. Pests & Diseases: Humidity, over watering can cause disease, rust, stem rot. Comments: ITA level 1. Attract bees and butterflies.

Lobelia tupa â&#x20AC;&#x153;Devil`s tobaccoâ&#x20AC;? CAMPANULACEAE

Deciduous perennial Zone: 8-9

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, dramatic. Leaf: Simple, light green, alternate.

Flower: Racemes or solitary two-lipped, deep red tubular blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Fertile. Moisture: Well-drained, even moisture, tolerant of drier conditions. Maintenance & Pruning: Benefits from a nice oak leaf mulch. Needs a sheltered spot, south-facing.

Landscape Use: Spectacular specimen plant. Drama. A good pollinator plant. Coastal cottage, wall-side borders, informal, med-style. Pests & Diseases: No known diseases and deer do not eat. Can be slug food. Comments: Native Chile. All parts are poisonous. Hummers enjoy.

Lysimachia clethroides “Gooseneck loosestrife” PRIMULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 24-36 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect and clump-forming. Leaf: Ovate-lanceolate medium green.

Flower: Many small white star-shaped flowers packed into terminal racemes. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Any average.

Moisture: Needs generous water during growing season. Maintenance & Pruning: Good indicator plant in that it is sensitive to over and under watering. A shallow ring in the soil cut from a 5 gallon pot will contain it. Landscape Use: Cut flower garden, cottage, informal. Do not put in a herbaceous bed as it spreads mercilessly.

Pests & Diseases: No real issues. Deer seem to leave alone. Comments: AGM winner. Native to Japan and China. L. c. `Geisha` is variegated mint

green and yellow-white, which is said to be less invasive. Lythrum salicaria “Purple loosestrife”is on the world-wide invasive list from LYTHRACEAE.

Lysimachia nummularia `Aurea` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Golden creeping Jennyâ&#x20AC;? PRIMULACEAE

Herbaceous or evergreen perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 3-6 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Wide mat of creeping stems. Leaf: Small, rounded or ovate, golden-yellow.

Flower: Solitary, short-stalked, cup-shaped bright yellow. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Humus rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Trim back wandering stems. Landscape Use: Groundcover, rock garden, containers. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: RHS AGM. Propagate by stem cuttings in spring.

Monarda didyma cvs. “Bee balm” “Bergamot” LAMIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 36 inches

Width: 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright Leaf: Aromatic, ovate.

Flower: Whorls of tubular bright scarlet pink or purple blooms mid-summer to early fall. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part or light shade.

Soil: Humus rich, average fertility. Moisture: Even. Maintenance & Pruning: Keep plants evenly moist and avoid watering in the

evening. Increase air circulation , starting in early summer can be controlled with organic sprays containing sulfur. Landscape Use: Flower borders and beds, cottage, wildlife, informal. Pests & Diseases: Prone to powdery mildew in late summer and this is a sign of drought stress. Spreads with hot days and cooler nights. Host specific for the most part. Some cultivars are more resistant. Most resistant are `Blausrumpf`,

`Marshall`s Delight`, `Jacob Cline`. Cut back hard to base and garbage detritus. When dividing in spring or fall keep only the outside pieces.

Comments: ITA level 2. Developed from native North American species. Newer cultivars include compacts. Attracts bees, hummingbirds and butterflies.

Musa basjoo “Japanese hardy banana” “Japanese fibre banana” MUSACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 8-10

Height: 15 feet Width: 10 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright and drooping, suckering. Leaf: Dramatic green-yellow 8-18 inches long.

Flower: Drooping terminal cream spikes in a hot summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Humus rich. Moisture: Even. Maintenance & Pruning: Dies in Victoria if not surrounded with a cage of dry Garry oak leaves in winter. Lime! Out of wind as this will shred the foliage. Dig up in spring if necessary. Landscape Use: South wall borders with a dip for extra moisture, med-style, specimen, containers.

Pests & Diseases: Aphids, mealy bugs, spider mites under glass. Generally trouble free outdoors.

Comments: Suckers are called “pups” and broad ones will produce big leaves. Tapered ones will fruit and produce narrower leaves. RHS AGM award.

Olsynium douglasii “Satin Flower” “Purple-eyed grass” “Widow grass” IRIDACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 6 - 9

Height: 6 - 12 inches

Width: Clump-forming

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright. Leaf: Slender green blades.

Flower: Bright purple-magenta bell-shaped blooms in early spring. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade.

Soil: Humus rich, shallow and well-drained. Moisture: Moist in spring and winter. Summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning: None mentioned. Landscape Use: Dormant in summer. Flower colours can vary to all shades of pink and sometimes white. Use in rock gardens, Garry Oak meadows. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: Native to Pacific Northwest in open forest from coast to mid-elevations. Spreads slowly by seed.

Oxalis oregana â&#x20AC;&#x153;Redwood sorrelâ&#x20AC;? OXALIDACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 7-9

Height: 8-10 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Groundcover. Leaf: Clover-like with a pink underside. Flower: White to pale pink.

Conditions: Sun: Semi to deeper shade.

Soil: Fertile, humus-rich.

Moisture: Average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning: Highly invasive spreading by rhizome and seed. Landscape Use: Grows in dry shade, but is less dense. Flowers from spring until fall. Edging, shady yard. Pests & Diseases: Slugs. Comments: Native from Washington to California coastal woods. Beware it is toxic.

Paeonia lactiflora “Common garden peony” “Chinese peony” PAEONIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 6

Height: 4 feet

Width: 3.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vase-like, multi stemmed. Leaf: Pinnate, alternate, dark green with light undersides. Turn orange in fall. Flower: Solitary, large wide white to pink blooms with many petals May to June. Fragrant.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun, part sun to part shade. Soil: Humus rich, heavy.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Do not prune a tree peony heavily unless you can wait a couple years for flowers.

Landscape Use: Shelter from strong winds and excessive watering of foliage when flowers bloom. Nice as cut flowers, cottage, formal, informal. Pests & Diseases: Susceptible to leaf spot, mould. Deer keep away. Comments: ITA level 1. `Bowl of Beauty` has pink and cream flowers. `Whitleyi Major` has white flowers with prominent yellow stamen. All have the AGM award. P.

Lactiflora is not to be confused with P. rockii and P. suffruticosa more commonly known as the “Tree peony” native to central and west Asia. The peony root is used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Paeonia mlokosewitschii “Caucasian peony” “Molly the witch” PAEONIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 26-36 inches

Width: 26-36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy. Leaf: 9 blunt leaflets per leaf are purplish at first and fade to blue-green.

Flower: Single, pale to medium. Conditions:

Sun: Sun best to light shade.

Soil: Deep, fertile, humus-rich. Moisture: Well-drained, average water. Maintenance & Pruning: “Eyes” max 2 inches below soil surface. Mulch. Dig up and divide in November.

Landscape Use: Flower borders, city and courtyard gardens. Pests & Diseases: Anthracnose can occur on leaves and stems in the form of spots and lesions. Can acquire botrytis in wet periods.

Comments: RHS AGM. Red seeds are sterile, darker are viable.

Papaver (Oriental Group) â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oriental poppyâ&#x20AC;? PAPAVERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 18 - 36 inches

Width: 24 - 36 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Compact, tall. Leaf: Simple or pinnately divided, hairy.

Flower: 4-petalled, saucer-shaped in late May to June. Conditions: Sun: Sun best to semi-shade. Soil: Wide range.

Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Do not fertilize! Landscape Use: Disappears underground in midsummer and regrows in fall. Plant annuals in empty space. Use in mixed borders, formal, cottage, formal, underplantings and borders.

Pests & Diseases: Deer proof. Comments: Singe cut ends to prevent wilt. Propagate by root cuttings in late fall to early winter.

Persicaria microcephala `Red Dragon` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Knotweed `Red Dragon`â&#x20AC;? POLYGONACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 3 feet

Width: 4-5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping, stout rhizomes. Leaf: Wine-purple with pale chevrons.

Flower: Small white blooms to mid-summer to frost. Conditions:

Sun: Sun best for colour. Soil: Many types. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: When the flowers and foliage begin to fade cut back to first node where the new growth begins. Landscape Use: Filler, banks, slopes, coastal, cottage, wildflower meadows. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free, slug resistant. Comments: Sterile.

Petasites spp. + cvs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Coltsfootâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: Varies

Height: 3.5 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast spreader by rhizomes. Leaf: Vary up to 32 inches and cleft in the center. Flower: Dioecious with a mix of disk, ray, and

thread-like florets. Colours range from purple,

white, yellow, pink on thick stems in March. Staminate male flowers wither after bloom. Conditions: Sun: Part to deep shade.

Soil: Deep, humus-rich, fertile. Moisture: Moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Invasive groundcover, so keep an eye on spread. Dig out rhizomes.

Landscape Use: Informal underplantings. Woodland gardens. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: 15 different species and some are native to BC.

Phlox paniculata `David` “Garden phlox” “Summer phlox” POLEMONIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 2-4 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Stiff, upright. Leaf: Simple, light green, opposite.

Flower: Showy clusters of white blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Partial sun best. Soil: Rich, organic soil.

Moisture: Medium watering, more in full sun. Well-drained! Maintenance & Pruning: Long blooming from July to September especially if deadheaded to lateral buds. Increased airflow and more water grows a better plant. Landscape Use: Classic mixed border plant. Cottage, flower borders, woodland, cut

flowers. Clear blue white really pops on darker foliage. No staking necessary unless in shade. Divide every 2-3 years and make sure to discard the middle and keep the edges. Best without overhead water. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew could be an issue if lacking moisture. Deer resistant?

Comments: Species native to eastern North America growing in open woods and scrub. It`s been in cultivation since the 1800`s. P. p. `Norah Leigh` is a vigorous AGM winner

grown for attractive variegated foliage, attractive pink and white fragrant flowers with dark pink eye.

Polygonatum spp. & cvs. “Solomon seal” LILIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-9

Height: 12-36 inches

Width: 12-18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vigorous arching stems. Tough rhizome with shallow roots. Leaf: Elliptical, green.

Flower: Tubular white. Black berries in summer. Conditions:

Sun: Part sun to full shade.

Soil: Rich and fertile, high in organic matter. Moisture: Even. Drought tolerant once established, but will be smaller. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Relocate in fall or winter. Landscape Use: Any kind of garden. Woodland, native gardens. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Deer now eating in some areas of Victoria. Comments: Size varies on conditions and species. Cheaper ones are fast spreading. P. odoratum `Variegatum` has a height of 18-24 inches. Was named “Perennial of the Year” in 2013 by the Perennial Plant Association. It is harder to get established compared to the species in that it takes a long time.

Primula vulgaris “Primrose” PRIMULACEAE

Herbaceous or semi-evergreen perennial Zone::4-8

Height::4-6 inches

Width::4-6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Clusters of solitary flowers. Leaf::Simple and green. Tend to disappear and leave tough little crowns behind. Flower::Bell shaped, yellow.

Conditions:

Sun::Full sun in cooler climates. Part shade of morning, deciduous. Shade in heat. Soil::Humus rich.

Moisture::Even. Can take drier conditions in the summer. Maintenance & Pruning::Do not cut too small to divide. Don’t divide when hot outside.

Landscape Use::Flowers disappear in summer. Mixed boarders, 4 season. Pests & Diseases::Deer resistant. Comments: P. veris “Cowslip”. P. `Wanda` - colours may vary from little purple to burgundy and still be sold as `Wanda`.

Pulsatilla vulgaris â&#x20AC;&#x153;Pasque flowerâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-7

Height: 4-8 feet

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fuzzy mound. Leaf: Fine, pinnate and covered in trichomes.

Flower: Showy purple, wine-red, pink, mauve, white, covered in trichomes. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Average and well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Has taproot, therefore more difficult to transplant. Landscape Use: Rock gardens, front of beds. Flowers in April and leaves nice fluffy seed heads. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Plant in threes and fives. 10 degrees warmer inside of the petals. This attracts pollinators. RHS AGM.

Rheum palmatum `Atrosanguineum` “Chinese” “Purple ornamental rhubarb” POLYGONACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 3 feet

Width: 6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Droopy, dramatic mound. Leaf: Purple-red, palmate up to 3 feet in size.

Flower: Creamy to dark pink panicles up to 8 feet. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Fertile, deep, humus.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Mulch. Leaves fade to green in early summer. Remove leaves and flowers in late June, feed and water. Leaves will then grow again within days. Landscape Use: Leaves are variable in colour and shape so choose good form. Informal beds, cottage gardens. Nice splash of colour. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: Propagate by seed sown in Autumn or by division in spring.

Rudbeckia fulgida spp. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Black-eyed Susanâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 4-9

Height: 2-3 feet

Width: 2-2.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Stiff, upright, rhizomes. Leaf: Broad, coarse.

Flower: Golden daisy-like blooms with black centres. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade.

Soil: Average. Could even be clay, but must be free-draining. Moisture: Average, although can take drier conditions. Maintenance & Pruning: No staking necessary unless soil too rich and exposure too shady. Spreads slowly.

Landscape Use: Mixed borders, natural, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Pest resistant, but often deer food in many areas. Comments: Native to South-eastern US. Attracts butterflies. Most common cultivar

is R. f. var. sullivantii `Goldsturm` and R. f. `Early Bird Gold` was found growing in a field of the `Goldsturm`. It is smaller at 1.5-2 feet in height and width. R. hirta is a biennialor short-lived perennial often grown as an annual. ITA level 2.

Rudbeckia laciniata syn. Rudbeckia nitida `Herbstsonne` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Autumn sun cone flowerâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Strong, erect, clump-forming. Leaf: Pinnate, light green.

Flower: Reflexing yellow rays, dark green to brown center cone. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Moderately fertile, prefers it heavy.

Moisture: Dryish to moist, but well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Too dry or too moist and stems will fall over (Goldilocks plant). If you do stake, you will need very strong ones. Do not cut into basal rosette. Divide in spring every 4-5 years.

Landscape Use: Cut flowers, mixed borders, cottage, woodland. Pests & Diseases: No P & D other than slugs on new growth. It has been known to grow untouched in deer plagued areas. Comments: AGM winner.

Sagittaria latifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Wapatoâ&#x20AC;? ALISMATACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 7

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tuberous, upright. Leaf: Arrow-shaped.

Flower: Racemes of whorled white blooms July to September. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Rich.

Moisture: Wet. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back in late summer and dispose of flower heads to avoid spread by seed.

Landscape Use: Ponds, bog gardens, woodland. Pests & Diseases: Water lily aphids. Comments: ITA level 2. Tubers are edible. Native to North America.

Sanguinaria canadensis f. multiplex â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bloodrootâ&#x20AC;? PAPAVERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 6-8 inches

Width: 4-6 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clumping by rhizome. Leaf: Single deeply lobed. Unfurls.

Flower: Double and white. Straight species is single. Conditions:

Sun: Part to light shade. Soil: Humus-rich.

Moisture: Likes it even and plentiful. Maintenance & Pruning: Goes dormant in late summer. Mulch in fall. Low maintenance plant. Landscape Use: Woodland, natural, informal gardens. Pests & Diseases: Slugs could be a problem. Generally a healthy plant. Comments: Native to eastern North America.

Trachystemon orientalis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Abraham-Isaac-Jacobâ&#x20AC;? BORAGINACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-7

Height: 18 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Groundcover spread by rhizome. Leaf: Large, heart-shaped, roughly textured leaves. Flower: Lax panicles of blue flowers in spring.

Conditions: Sun: Sun to deep shade.

Soil: Tolerant of wide range of well-drained soils. Moisture: Moist to dry.

Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Outcompetes weeds. Early blooming. Can tolerate dry shade, but leaves will be smaller. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Propagate by division. Native from Turkey to Western Asia.

Trillium ovatum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Western trilliumâ&#x20AC;? MELANTHIACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 20 inches

Width: 8 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Unfolding, cup-like. Leaf: Pointed leaves in whorls of 3.

Flower: White flowers on stalk turn to pink. Conditions: Sun: Semi to deeper shade. Soil: Deep, humus.

Moisture: Well-drained and moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Mulch each fall with leaf mould. Takes up to seven years to flower from seed. Landscape Use: Woodland, mixed borders. Clump forming, underplant. Pests & Diseases: Deer enjoy. Comments: T. chloropetalum has dark purple flowers and heavily mottled leaves. T. grandiflorum is the eastern native.

Trollius europaeus â&#x20AC;&#x153;Globeflowerâ&#x20AC;? RANUNCULACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 32 inches

Width: 18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect, clumping. Leaf: Basal, palmate, lobed.

Flower: Variable, spherical, lemon-yellow 2inch wide blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade.

Soil: Deep, clay is best. Moisture: Wet to boggy. Maintenance & Pruning: Divide when centre of plant is bare. Can force for cut flowers or naturalize.

Landscape Use: Flower borders and beds, informal, wild flower meadows. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildews can be an issue. Comments: ITA level 2.

Veronica umbrosa `Georgia Blue` syn. Veronica peduncularis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Creeping speedwellâ&#x20AC;? PLANTAGINACEAE

Herbaceous perennial Zone: 5 - 8

Height: 4 - 6 inches

Width: 18 - 24 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mat-forming. Leaf: Reddish-green lance shaped.

Flower: Small sapphire blue flowers in spring and can re-bloom later in the summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Moderately fertile to poor soil, well-drained. Moisture: Drought tolerant once established.

Maintenance & Pruning: Fast growing. Cut back hard after flower to keep tidy. Landscape Use: Seaside, ground-cover. With shrubs and spring flowers, bulbs, containers. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: Good to buy in bloom. Semi-evergreen in Victoria.

Semi-Evergreen Perennials

Alchemilla mollis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lady`s mantleâ&#x20AC;? Rosaceae

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 12-24 inches

Width: 18-30 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump forming. Leaf: Soft, light green, scalloped.

Flower: Small yellow blooms above foliage. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Even, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut to base once ratty. Will sometimes get a second flush of flowers. Propagate by division and seed. Landscape Use: Nice under roses, seaside, front garden, formal, informal. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Generally deer, rabbit proof. Comments: AGM winner. ITA level 2. A. alpina is a dwarf species that is 3.5 inches tall to 30 inches wide. It seems to seed around less and is good for edging.

Artemisia schmidtiana “Angel`s hair” “Silvermound” ASTERACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1.5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Rhizomatous low tuft. Leaf: Very fine, 2-pinnatisect, hairy, silky, silvery. Flower: Panicles of small, yellow, daisy-like blooms.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Infertile are best.

Moisture: Well-drained, takes drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be cut down to base, just not too early in the spring. Wait until new bud growth occurs to do this. Can shear off the flowers before bloom. Landscape Use: Grey = smart. Architectural, contrasting, front garden, containers.

Pests & Diseases: Fungal disease can be an issue if feet are too wet. Comments: ITA level 1. A. s. `Nana` is only 3x12 inches.

Cerastium tomentosum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Snow in summerâ&#x20AC;? CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 3-7

Height: 2 - 6 inch

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast-spreading groundcover. Leaf: Woolly, silver.

Flower: White cymes of starry, white blooms. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average to poor.

Moisture: Drought tolerant, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Can shear or mow after flower. Landscape Use: Rockery, edging. Pests & Diseases: Aphids will hang around, not an issue though. No real P & D. Comments: Grey foliage generally means the plant can handle dry and sunny conditions. ITA level 1.

Geum `Fireball` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Avensâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 5-7

Height: 18-23 inches

Width: 18-23 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming. Leaf: Unique basal leaves.

Flower: Semi-double, golden-tinged with scarlet-orange. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Fairly rich.

Moisture: Moist and well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back once it begins to look ratty. Divide every few years. Grows very quickly! Landscape Use: Prefers some protection from hard afternoon sun. Mixed borders, cottage, bold statement.

Pests & Diseases: No known P & D. Appear to be deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: Geum coccineum `Eos` has golden-chartreuse foliage with bright orange

flowers, but more frail. G. chiloense `Mrs. Bradshaw` is scarlet-orange and semidouble. `Lady Stratheden` is bright yellow.

Heuchera sanguinea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Coral bellsâ&#x20AC;? SAXIFRAGACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 3-8

Height: 1 foot

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump-forming, leggy. Leaf: Sharply-lobed, palmate, metallic bronze. Flower: Panicles or racemes of small, tubular blooms.

Conditions:

Sun: Part shade to full sun. Soil: Organic.

Moisture: Even moisture. More drought tolerant in the shade. Maintenance & Pruning: In early spring cut to ground. Propagate stems in water. Divide in fall.

Landscape Use: Informal, containers, cottage. Can be used as ground cover in locations where it is not deciduous! Pests & Diseases: Rabbit and deer food. Can get rust - almost impossible to get rid of (garbage the plant). Mildew can occur if it`s too wet. Comments: ITA level 2. H. s. `Ruby Bells` is a beautiful, strong cultivar.

Petroselinum crispum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Parsleyâ&#x20AC;? APIACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 5-8

Height: 1.5-2.5 feet

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Tufts. Leaf::Lacy mound of bright green, 3-pinnate leaves.

Flower: Small white to light green umbels. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to semi-shade.

Soil: Fertile, well-drained. Moisture: Moist. Maintenance & Pruning: They flower, set seed and die in second year. Landscape Use::Used for culinary seasoning and edging for beds. Pests & Diseases: Carrot rust fly. Comments::Many cultivars vary in size, flavour and leaf curl. Naturalizes. 7 cultivars have AGM status.

Pulmonaria species & cvs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lungwortâ&#x20AC;? BORAGINACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone::4-9

Height::1 foot

Width::2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Clump forming, rhizomatous. Leaf::Elliptical green and often flecked.

Flower::Blue, pink, purple drooping bells. Conditions: Sun::Part to full shade.

Soil::Fertile, humus rich, well-drained. Moisture::Moist. Does not like wet feet.

Maintenance & Pruning::Do not mix cultivars and species as the colours can clash. Easygoing. Landscape Use::Used as a groundcover. Under plant deciduous and 4-season gardens. Attracts hummingbirds.

Pests & Diseases::Powdery mildew in dry conditions. Deer resistant. Comments::P. officinalis can take more sun but best in a woodland setting. P.o. `Sissing hurst White` is clear white with light green foliage with soft silvery

spotting. `Cambridge Blue` has heart-shaped leaves, pale blue, pink tinted flowers

when opening. P. saccharata has flowers that open pink, turn blue. P. `Blue Ensign` is unspotted with dark green leaves and large blue-violet bells.

Romneya coulteri “Tree poppy” “California poppy” PAPAVERACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 7-10

Height: 3-8 feet

Width: 12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright, clumping. Leaf: Pinnate, grey-green.

Flower: White tissue paper up to 5 inches in diameter with yellow stamen. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average. Moisture: Well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Mulch for winter. Prune to base after last frost in spring as new growth shows. Difficult to transplant successfully.

Landscape Use: Med-style, cottage, informal, coastal, wallside. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, caterpillars, verticillium wilt. Comments: Propagate by root cuttings in late winter or new growth basal cuttings in spring. Native to South California to Mexico.

Semi-Evergreen Shrubs

Argyrocytisus battandieri “Pineapple broom” “Atlas broom” FABACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub or small tree Zone: 7-9

Height: 15 feet

Width: 15 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Rounded habit. Leaf: 3-palmate, 4 inch, silvery grey-green.

Flower: Tight, upright racemes of scented, yellow pea-blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average to poor. Moisture: Well-drained, dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Can espalier. Can prune into at least 3 quarter of inch thick woody stems. Prune after flower. Resents transplanting.

Landscape Use: Needs a sheltered site. Med-bed, informal, coastal. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: Propagate by semi-ripe or hardwood cuttings.

Cotoneaster horizontalis â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rocksprayâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub Zone::5-7

Height: 3 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Spreading branches form a herringbone pattern. Leaf::Red leaves.

Flower: Bright red fruits in the fall. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun.

Soil: Well-drained, poor for better berries. Moisture: Average, even moisture and even drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Low-maintenance. Landscape Use::Bright red berries and interesting shape promote a visual. Rockery, informal borders.

Pests & Diseases: Prone to webworm in spring. Blast with hose. Comments::Seeds spread by birds.

Hydrangea quercifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Oakleaf hydrangea HYDRANGEACEAE

Deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 5-9

Height: 6-8 feet

Width: 8 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Leggy, sprawling. Leaf: Oakleaf shape, light green, 5-7 lobes. In Victoria the new leaves push off the old.

Flower: 10 inch panicles of creamy-white, (fertile and sterile) July to fall. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade (best flowers and burgundy fall colour in sun). Soil: Rich humus.

Moisture: Moist to average well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Prune out older stems right to the bottom. Once finished flowering, dead-head and you may get another flush. Work around framework. Leave flowered heads for winter interest.

Landscape Use: Seaside, flower borders and beds, informal, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Generally pest and disease free, but deer enjoy. Comments: `Snow Queen` is larger at 6-10 feet in height and width.

Itea virginica `Henry`s Garnet` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Virginia sweetspireâ&#x20AC;? ITEACEAE

Deciduous shrub, semi-evergreen (Victoria) Zone: 5-9

Height: 3-4 feet

Width: 4-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Naturally winging. Leaf: Simple and green, red autumn colours. Flower: Creamy white racemes in July.

Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average, tolerates clay.

Moisture: Can take drier conditions once established and wet ones too. Maintenance & Pruning: Straight species can look quite wild, therefore use thinning cuts back to larger stem. Propagate from suckers and cuttings. Blooms on second year wood.

Landscape Use: Rain gardens, wall side, informal. Pests & Diseases: No real P & D. Comments: I. v. `Little Henry` is 2 feet tall. `Merlot` is 3 feet tall with rich fall colours. Straight species can grow to 3-15 feet. New leaves will push the old ones out.

Lavatera `Barnsley` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Lavateraâ&#x20AC;? MALVACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 6 feet

Width: 6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Long-stalked. Leaf: Green, palmately lobed.

Flower: Single pink hollyhock bloom with deep pink eye that ages to soft pink, June to frost. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average. If too fertile has excess foliage and shorter lifespan. Moisture: Well-drained, average to dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune to half height in mid-autumn and selectively hard in spring. Best in years 2 and 3.

Landscape Use: Flower borders and beds, cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Other Lavatera are 3-8 feet in height with various pink colours, zone 710.

Ligustrum ovalifolium `Vicaryi` â&#x20AC;&#x153;(Vicaryi) golden privetâ&#x20AC;? OLEACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 10 feet Width: 10 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dense habit, moderate speed. Leaf: 3.5 inch long, broadly oval, thick, goldenyellow, but greenish in part-shade.

Flower: White panicles to 3 inches in mid-summer. Spherical, blue-black fruit. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part-shade. Soil: Average fertility.

Moisture: Well-drained, average moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be grown as a shrub or a hedge. Prune in May and August. Dead-head immediately after flowering. Can be renovated and cut hard down to 6 inches. Landscape Use: Mixed borders, hedging. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Propagate by cuttings.

Origanum vulgare `Aureum` “Golden oregano” “Golden marjory” LAMIACEAE

Semi-evergreen perennial Zone: 5-9

Height: 6-12 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Clump of wiry stems. Leaf: Bright golden-yellow, small, ovate.

Flower: Pale pink to white, tubular in terminal clusters that bloom in winter. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Tolerates poor.

Moisture: Well-drained, average moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Low maintenance. Cut back stems hard as flowers fade or look untidy in summer or fall. Propagate by division of rhizomes in fall or spring, or by cuttings of non-flowering shoots in mid-summer.

Landscape Use: Use for borders, herb and medicinal, Mediterranean, cottage and

rock garden, informal, but also formal, courtyards and meadows. If kept sheared low can be used along pavers as a groundcover. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit resistant. Comments: AGM status. Culinary uses. Great pollinator plant.

Phygelius spp. & cvs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cape fuchsiaâ&#x20AC;? SCROPHULARIACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub or subshrub Zone: 7-9

Height: 3-4 feet

Width: 17 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Scrambles, suckering. Leaf: Simple, ovate.

Flower: Panicles of tubular blooms (yellows, pinks, reds, oranges, whites) from July to frost. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Mulch for winter. Can prune hard in spring around April. Landscape Use: Pollinator gardens, coastal, cottage, informal, wall-side. Pests & Diseases: Can get capsid bug. Otherwise, trouble free. Comments: P. aequalis `Yellow Trumpet` and has flowers on one side of panicles. P. x rectus `Moonraker` is Z8-9 and reportedly more tender. The flowers tend to bloom all around the stem.

Pyracantha coccinea â&#x20AC;&#x153;Firethornâ&#x20AC;? ROSACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 6-12 feet

Width: 6-12 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling and thorny. Leaf: Simple.

Flower: White blooms followed by clusters of orange-red fruit. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Not fussy, tolerates clay. Moisture: Dry to medium. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune 3-4 times per year to keep in shape. Intolerant of being moved. Tough once established. Flowers on spur wood of previous year. Where leather gloves when pruning. Landscape Use: Small containers, hedging, slopes, hedgerows, screening. Pests & Diseases: Fireblight, aphids and scale. Comments: Native to Europe and south-western Asia. ITA level 2. Careful when

pruning as thorns can carry Sporothrix schenckii. Scratches and pricks can cause a skin infection called sporotrichosis.

Salvia officinalis `Purpurascens` “Purple sage” “Common sage” LAMIACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 6-9

Height: 2.5-3 feet

Width: 2.5-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Dwarf shrub. Leaf: Young foliage is purple turning to grey-green and oblong in shape.

Flower: Fragrant purple-blue, 2cm in length on terminal racemes in May or June. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Moderately fertile. Moisture: Average, dry to medium moist, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be cut hard down to 4 inches. Landscape Use: Herb spiral, containers, groundcover, rockery, cottage. Pests & Diseases: Slugs and snails are an issue. Comments: RHS AGM award. Great pollinator. Propagate by cuttings and by seed.

Viburnum x burkwoodii â&#x20AC;&#x153;Burkwood viburnumâ&#x20AC;? ADOXACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 4-8

Height: 8-10 feet

Width: 8-10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Lax, bushy. Leaf: Simple, or palmately lobed, green. New leaves push off old.

Flower: Buds pink opening to white tubular

blooms. Fragrant. Red, elliptical fruit (not that interesting compared to other viburnums). Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Average to acidic.

Moisture: Even, well-drained. Maintenance & Pruning: Hard pruning in spring if necessary. Landscape Use: Courtyard walks. Introduce the fragrance along the path. City, cottage, informal.

Pests & Diseases: Aphids as well as leaf spot could be a problem. Comments: We have here a cross of V. carlesii and V. utile. V. x burkwoodii `Anne Russell` is smaller at 5-6 feet in height and width. It is also deciduous.

Zauschneria californica â&#x20AC;&#x153;California fuchsiaâ&#x20AC;? ONAGRACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub Zone: 8-10

Height: 12 - 20 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Rhizomes, pendulous stems. Leaf: Fine, grey-green.

Flower: Racemes of tubular, bright scarlet. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Moderately fertile.

Moisture: Well-drained, dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Shelter from winter air. Low maintenance. Cut back to base in spring for a reno. Propagate by seed, softwood cuttings, and by division. Landscape Use: Rock gardens, gravel patio, containers. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Slugs could damage young foliage. Comments: Similar looking to fireweed in seed.

Sub-Shrubs

Ballota pseudodictamnus â&#x20AC;&#x153;False dittanyâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Evergreen sub-shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 12-24 inches

Width: 12-18 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy. Leaf: Opposite, aromatic, round, grey-green covered in trichomes.

Flower: Small pink flowers in whorls at stem tips. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun. Soil: Poor.

Moisture: Drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Tough plant. Potash encourages flower, nitrogen causes flop. Shear back hard late winter or early spring.

Landscape Use: Seaside, mixed borders, herbaceous borders. Pests & Diseases: Deer and rabbit proof. Comments: RHS AGM status.

Euphorbia characias subs. wulfenii “Spurge” “Mediterranean spurge” EUPHORBIACEAE

Evergreen sub-shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 4 feet

Width: 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Many cartoonish biennial shoots. Leaf: Narrow grey-green leaves.

Flower: 4-12 inch cymes of yellow-green flowers (cyathia), bracts and nectar glands. Conditions: Sun: Sun best to semi-shade.

Soil: Fertile, light to average, even gravelly. Moisture: Well-drained only! Drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut flowered stems by August 1st. Self seeds. Landscape Use: City and courtyard gardens. Informal bedding s and borders. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: Sap is an irritant, especially on sunny days. E. characias has purplebrown nectar glands. E. c. subsp. w. `John Tomlinson` has large cymes and comes true

form seed. E. c. subsp. w. `Lambrook Gold` is bright. RHS AGM for one cv. of each of the above subsp.

Iberis sempervirens â&#x20AC;&#x153;Candytuftâ&#x20AC;? BRASSICACEAE

Evergreen sub-shrub Zone: 3-9

Height: 12 inches

Width: 16 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Woody frame. Leaf: Narrow, dark green.

Flower: Pure white, dense heads 1 inch in width. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to light shade.

Soil: Well-drained, but not fussy. Moisture: Average watering.

Maintenance & Pruning: Shear lightly after flowering and may need again in very early spring. Do not cut into main woody frame. Sub-shrubs cannot be divided! Zero maintenance for the majority.

Landscape Use: Containers, layered gardens, ground-cover. Pests & Diseases: Usually deer and rabbit proof. Fungal leaf spot, mould if not well-drained and in too much shade.

Comments: I. b. `Purity` has glossy foliage, pure white flowers. ITA level 1.

Parahebe perfoliata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Diggers speedwellâ&#x20AC;? PLANTAGINACEAE

Evergreen sub-shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 2-3 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling, woody based. Leaf: Broadly ovate, leathery, blue-green.

Flower: 4-petalled clear blue blooms in loose racemes in late summer. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun, less flowers in shade. Soil: Poor to average.

Moisture: Well-drained, moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be killed to the ground in a cold winter. Landscape Use: Cottage, coastal, informal, rockery. Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Slugs pose a threat. Comments: Propagate by seed and by softwood cuttings. Propagate cuttings based on shape desired (i.e., use a straight stem for an upright growing plant).

Perovskia atriplicifolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Russian sageâ&#x20AC;? LAMIACEAE

Deciduous sub-shrub Zone: 5-9

Height: 3-4 feet

Width: 2-3 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Upright form. Leaf: Silver grey, finely textured.

Flower: Long-lasting spikes of lavender blue. Conditions: Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average fertility, but can take poorer soil. Moisture: Dry, well-drained.

Maintenance & Pruning: Propagate by cuttings. Low maintenance. Cut down in spring, but not lower than 6 inches. Landscape Use: Front garden, grass gardens, mass plantings, seaside, filler, drought tolerant.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Comments: Attracts pollinators. `Little spire` is a dwarf form at 2-2.5 feet tall

and 1.5-2 feet wide. Has a tighter form for m and is useful for designs. It was deemed perennial plant of the year in 1995.

Senecio cineraria â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dusty millerâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Evergreen sub-shrub Zone: 7-10

Height: 8-16 inches

Width: 1-2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mounding. Leaf: Silvery-white felted, lacy.

Flower: Small corymbs of bright yellow daisy blooms after first year. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Average to poor. Moisture: Drought to average. Maintenance & Pruning: Prune hard down to 2 inches each spring. Propagate from cutting and from seed. Deadhead in fall.

Landscape Use: Architectural, 70`s and 80`s vibes, flower borders and beds. Pests & Diseases: Rust could be an issue, but generally trouble free. Comments: ITA level 1. Was S. maritimus, syn. Jacobaea maritime. Often sold as annual bedding plant, overwinters most years in Victoria.

Vinca minor “Lesser periwinkle” “Vinca” APOCYNACEAE

Evergreen sub-shrub Zone: 4-9

Height: 6 - 12 inches

Width: 3 - 4 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Mounds and trails to infinity. Leaf: Simple, paired.

Flower: Five-lobed periwinkle blue. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to semi-shade to deeper shade. Soil: Average humus.

Moisture: Average and even. Maintenance & Pruning: Shear low, late winter every second year. Mulch after planting. Propagate by division. Landscape Use: Ground cover that roots at stem nodes. Best flowering in sun,

greener leaves in semi-shade. Space-filler, in between stepping stones, hardy. Can handle dry shade. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: ITA level 2. V. major Greater periwinkle is bigger leaves and flowers, sits at 1.5 feet tall and likes zones 7-11.

Vines

Actinidia deliciosa “Kiwi vine” ACTINIDIACEAE

Deciduous vine Zone: 7-9

Height: 30 feet

Width: 30 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Sprawling, climbing. Leaf: Large and handsome.

Flower: Creamy apricot blooms in June that form fuzzy brown fruit that is picked in November and ripen indoors (in Victoria). Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Humus, fertile. Moisture: Well-drained, even. Maintenance & Pruning: Needs strong supports. Prune hard early January and again July. Self-fertile, therefore to get an increased yield, dust flowers with some pampas grass to increase pollination. Landscape Use: Protect from cold winter wind. Use as a screen, food crop, or even for its large foliage.

Pests & Diseases: Deer will eat. Comments: Was once called A. chinensis. A. arguta “Hardy kiwi” is much smaller than “Kiwi vine” coming in at 22 feet high with small 1-1.5 inch fruits. Pick fruits when ripe and eat like a grape. 2.5 - 5 inch smooth leaves. Zone 3-8.

Akebia quinata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Chocolate vineâ&#x20AC;? LARDIZABALACEAE

Semi-evergreen vine. Zone: 5-9

Height: 15 to 30 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vigorous climber. Leaf: 5 elliptic or obovate leaflets.

Flower: Racemes of purple-brown, cup-shaped flowers in late spring. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to par-shade.

Soil: Any that is well-drained. Moisture: Drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Trellis, tie up to support and train. Prune after flower. Remove D,D,&D. Can get twig dieback - just cut out.

Landscape Use: Trellis, natural shade for a patio garden. Spicy scented chocolate can be inviting. Pests & Diseases: P & D free, although, deer may eat the lower stems. Protect until it can be trained up and out of range. Comments: Remember this... year one it sleeps, year two it creeps, and year three it leaps. There is also a white cultivar.

Apios americana â&#x20AC;&#x153;Hopnissâ&#x20AC;? FABACEAE

Herbaceous vine Zone: 4-10

Height: 10-20 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Fast, dense, tubers. Leaf: Pinnate, turn gold in fall.

Flower: Dense racemes of pink-buff pea blooms late summer to fall. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to dappled shade. Soil: Average fertility. Moisture: Even.

Maintenance & Pruning: Nitrogen fixing. Low maintenance. Landscape Use: Near streams, springs, natural gardens, mixed borders, trellis. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Was A. tuberosum. Native from Ontario to the Maritimes and North Dakota to Florida. Chains of edible tubers with starch and 11-14 percent protein. Part of the Iroquois diet. Tubers can get as large as a grapefruit.

Clematis armandii “Evergreen clematis” “Armand clematis” RANUNCULACEAE

Evergreen vine Zone: 7-9

Height: 30 feet Width: 30 feet Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vigorous climber. Leaf: 3 leathery leaflets per leaf.

Flower: Fragrant, creamy-white saucers January or February to April. Conditions: Sun: Leaves like sun, roots like shade. Soil: Average to rich.

Moisture: Well-drained, average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning: Plant an extra 4-6 inches deep in soil to establish extra roots against cold damage. Wait for the stems to darken. Needs a good support. Too much shade and will not flower. Prune out old stems and dead leaves. Cut out winter damage to lower buds. Plant in half sand and half peat. Landscape Use: Wall-side borders, fences, trellis. Pests & Diseases: Deer eat young shoot. Can get wilt. Comments: Purchase in 1 gallon pot as they are fast growing.

Hedera helix â&#x20AC;&#x153;English Ivyâ&#x20AC;? ARALIACEAE

Evergreen vine Zone::5-10

Height:75-100 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Woody stems with self-clinging, adventitious, aerial rootlets.

Leaf::3 to 5 lobed juvenile, leathery green leaves on branch-like vines. In maturity forms un-lobed leaves on short, stiff branches.

Flower::Umbels of greenish flowers and later black fruit. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to deep shade.

Soil::Well-drained, fertile, humus-rich. Moisture: Average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning::Tolerant of wide range of conditions, even summer drought. Can be cut hard.

Landscape Use::Many excellent, less vigorous cultivars. Varies in appearance if on wall or ground, as houseplant or outdoors.

Pests & Diseases: Deer resistant. Very tough plant. Comments::Birds eat fruit and spread seed. This feature and the plants` smothering of groundcover to even large trees in gardens and forest should cause it to be banned. ITA level 1. 13 cultivars have AGM but not Hedera helix.

Hydrangea petiolaris syn. H. anomala petiolaris â&#x20AC;&#x153;Climbing hydrangeaâ&#x20AC;? HYDRANGEACEAE

Deciduous Vine Zone: 4-8

Height: 30-50 feet

Width: 5-6 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Climbing, shaggy peeling, cinnamon coloured bark, aerial roots.

Leaf: Opposite, alternate, ovate-oval dark green. Flower: White lacecape blooms in domed corymbs in summer. Conditions: Sun: Dappled sun best to full sun to shade. Soil: Rich, well-drained is best.

Moisture: Plenty of water, drought tolerant once established. Maintenance & Pruning: Leave blooms for winter interest. Slow growing until

established, then they climb and take off. Needs some shelter from cold drying winds and hot dry sites. Flowers on tips of previous years wood of established branches, not at apical tip. Cut at base and pull off growth to clean up.

Landscape Use: Erosion control, groundcover, containers (will need a replant every 2-3 years), stump masking, winter interest, natural, cottage, informal. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Deer eat. Comments: ITA level 2. Propagate by cuttings. Aerial roots can badly damage structures.

Lonicera x brownii `Dropmore Scarlet` â&#x20AC;&#x153;Scarlet trumpet honeysuckleâ&#x20AC;? CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Deciduous vine Zone: 4-9

Height: 9-12 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Bushy and twining. Leaf: Paired triangular blue-green.

Flower: Large, scarlet, tubular in terminal whorls. Conditions:

Sun: Sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Remove oldest stems to the ground in spring. Landscape Use: Trellis, specimen, wall side, informal. Pests & Diseases: Aphids may be a problem. Comments: ITA level 2. L. periclymenum `Graham Thomas` is excellent.

Parthenocissus tricuspidata â&#x20AC;&#x153;Boston ivyâ&#x20AC;? VITACEAE

Deciduous vine Zone: 4-8

Height: 70 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Vigorous climbers with disk-like tendrils.

Leaf: 3-Lobed or palmate, red in the fall. Flower: Inconspicuous green blooms followed by dark fruits. Conditions:

Sun: Sun best for colour to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile, but survives in rough sites.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Cut back in early winter before new growth. Summer pruning for size. Landscape Use: Seaside, wall-side borders, architectural, backlit. Pests & Diseases: Is disease free, but can get vine weevils. Comments: Native to China and Japan. ITA level 2. P. henryana has 3-5 leaflets with striking white veins on palmate leaves. It grows to 30 feet high, semi-shade best, and likes zone 7-9.

Parthenocissus quinquefolia â&#x20AC;&#x153;Virginia creeperâ&#x20AC;? VITACEAE

Deciduous vine Zone: 3-9

Height: 50 + feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Airy vine or a groundcover. Leaf: 5 green leaflets turn brilliant red and orange in early fall.

Flower: Insignificant green blooms followed by small dark berries. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun for best colour to semi-shade. Soil: Fertile best, but survives in tough sites. Moisture: Well-drained, average to drought.

Maintenance & Pruning: Prune in early winter, before new growth appears. Alternatively, prune in summer for size control. Landscape Use: Seaside, architectural, pergola. Pests & Diseases: Trouble free. Comments: ITA 1 and 2. Can be propagated by layering or cuttings.

Wisteria species “Chinese wisteria” “Japanese wisteria” FABACEAE

Deciduous vine Zone: 5-8 or 9

Height: 100-500 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Woody, tree-like. Leaf: Pinnate and green.

Flower: Pendulous racemes of white or pink to deep purple, fragrant, pea-like blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Sun is best. Soil: Average.

Moisture: Well-drained, average. Maintenance & Pruning: Can train as vine, tree, or groundcover. Prune to shape

and restrict. After planting, prune lead shoot to 30-36 inches. During first season, tie lateral shoots to the support structure to create the framework of the plant and

cut sub-laterals to 2-3 buds. Spring of year 2, cut on third from each lateral shoot, cut sub-laterals to 2-3 buds, cut lead shoot to 30-36 inches. Next few, continue

pruning the leader, laterals, and sub-laterals until framework is established. Mature plant, July through early August - cut all shoots that are not needed to extend he framework to within 2-3 buds of the main branches. Landscape Use: Trellis, wall side borders. Pests & Diseases: Generally trouble free. Comments: W. sinensis or “Chinese wisteria” will tolerate more than half shade, climbs counter-clockwise, and blooms before leaves. W. floribunda or “Japanese wisteria” climbs clock-wise, flowers appear with the leaves.

Weeds

Bellis perennis â&#x20AC;&#x153;English daisyâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (weed) Zone: 7

Height: 3-5 inches

Width: 3 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Small tufts. Leaf::Dark green, ovate. Flower: White radial.

Conditions: Sun::Full sun.

Soil::Poor to fertile.

Moisture: Even, well-drained, drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Remove before gone to seed. Landscape Use::Biennial bedding plant for spring bloom (white, pink, wine red). White daisy grows on lawns and in meadows. Pests & Diseases: Pest free. Comments::Spreads by seed and expansion of crowns.

Cardamine hirsuta “Hairy bittersweet” “Popweed” BRASSICACEAE

Annual (weed) Zone: 4-8

Height: 1-8 inches

Width: 1-4 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem::Slender, wispy, seed pods at tips.

Leaf: Rosette of green, lacy, mustard tasting, edible leaves.

Flower: 4 white petals. Conditions:

Sun::Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Not too dry, well-drained.

Moisture: Likes moisture. Disappears after drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Be careful of exploding seeds hitting eyes when removing. Landscape Use::Remove. Pests & Diseases: Aphids enjoy. Comments:: Seems to be another form in Victoria, which has less deeply divided leaves. Is it C. oligosperma, native to Alaska to California and Colorado? “Snapweed”, “Little western bittercress”, etc.

Cirsium arvense â&#x20AC;&#x153;Canada thistleâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous perennial noxious weed Zone: All

Height: 3-5 feet

Width: 2 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Erect green stems, creeping white roots.

Leaf: Spiny-toothed. Flower: Numerous small blooms in clusters. Each

seed attached to a feathery pappus. Dioecious, male bloom is round, female is urnshaped. Conditions: Sun: Full sun to semi-shade.

Soil: Wide range, even saline, but no peat. Moisture: Dry to moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Very hard to maintain spread. Landscape Use: Remove as much as possible. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Introduced from Eurasia.

Cytisus scoparius â&#x20AC;&#x153;Scotch Broomâ&#x20AC;? PAPILIONACEAE (was ROASACEAE)

Deciduous shrub (class one noxious weed) Zone: 6-9

Height: 3-10 feet

Width: 10 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Deep taproot, leggy bush. Leaf: Simple three parted. Young leaves differ from mature ones! Flower: Yellow, pea-like.

Conditions: Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Tolerates poor.

Moisture: Drought tolerant. Maintenance & Pruning: Can be evergreen in warmer zones. Profuse seed producer, spreads by wind, water, wildlife, and human activity. Biological controls are being introduced such as beetles, mites, goats. Only the nastiest (banned herbicides) work. Landscape Use: Highly aggressive invasive species from California to New Zealand. Prevents the growth of other nearby plants by crowding and shading out and also by releasing phytotoxins. Can even survive fire. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Introduced to BC by a homesick sea captain in the 1860`s and quickly spread. Was sold as an ornamental and used by the highway department to stabilize road banks in the 1970`s. Used for brooms, dyes, thatch.

Daphne laureola â&#x20AC;&#x153;Spurge laurelâ&#x20AC;? THYMELAEACEAE

Semi-evergreen shrub (weed) Zone: 7-8

Height: 3-6 feet

Width: 5 feet

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Deep green. Leaf::Glossy green leaves.

Flower: Clusters of fragrant, greenish-yellow flowers that produce black berries, which are even more toxic than the rest of the plant.

Conditions:

Sun::Semi to full shade. Soil: Well-drained.

Moisture::Average soil, which can handle summer drought. Maintenance & Pruning::Handle with gloves and do not breathe in fumes from roots. Landscape Use::Remove. Pests & Diseases::None to mention. Comments:: European introduction that has become a serious and noxious weed in the gardens and woods around Victoria. Spread by birds and small rodents.

Equisetum arvense â&#x20AC;&#x153;Field horsetailâ&#x20AC;? EQUISETACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (noxious weed) Zone: All

Height: 6 to 16 inches

Width: 1-2 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Pointy stems with tuber bearing creeping root system.

Leaf: Sterile stems have whorls of green fourangled branches.

Flower: Fertile stems are leafless with a spore cone on the top. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to light shade. Soil: Acidic.

Moisture: Moist, but tolerates drier soils as well. Maintenance & Pruning: Highly invasive. Cannot be controlled by chemicals. Weed by hand for decades to remove once spread. Kill with kindness - lime and manure ( a

lot of it). If attempting to cover with black cloth or plastic, it just heads for the edges. Landscape Use: Eradicate by hand, patiently. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Native to BC.

Fallopia japonica syn. Reynoutria â&#x20AC;&#x153;Japanse knotweedâ&#x20AC;? POLYGONACEAE

Deciduous noxious perennial weed Zone: 5

Height: 9 feet

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Semi-woody, hollow, rhizomes. Leaf: Alternate, shovel-like, green.

Flower: Dioecious, erect racemes of cream spikes. Conditions: Sun: Shade to full sun.

Soil: High salinity, any type. Moisture: Wet to drought.

Maintenance & Pruning: Remove by persistent mechanical means and by chemical if very desperate. All removed material must be dried and burned. Take to Hartland and identify as invasive.

Landscape Use: Remove if possible. Spreads by seed, so be careful and persistent. Pests & Diseases: None. Comments: ITA level 2. Native to east Asia. There have been studies in the UK with

the use of biological controls, but it is still unclear as to whether or not they are effective. Fallopia japonica var. compacta has very nice heart-shaped foliage with pink blooms and is less invasive, but it still can`t be trusted.

Poa annua â&#x20AC;&#x153;Annual bluegrassâ&#x20AC;? POACEAE

Annual (weed) Height: 1-8 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic: Shape & Stem: Tufts. Leaf: Green blades.

Flower: Small insignificant. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Nutritious.

Moisture: Average moisture. Maintenance & Pruning: Arbuscular mycorrhizae helps other grasses to outcompete.

Landscape Use: Invades lawns, gardens, golf courses. Pests & Diseases: None mentioned. Comments: 1 plant can produce 350 seeds. Dies in summer heat, leaving bare patches in lawns. Germinates fall to spring in cool, moist weather.

Rumex acetosella “Sheep sorrel” POLYGONACEAE

Herbaceous perennial (weed) Zone: 4

Height: 4-8 inches

Width: Spreading

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Gangly, elastic rhizomes. Leaf: Spear shaped, spreading lobes. Sour due to oxalic acid.

Flower: Small and reddish. Dioecious. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun.

Soil: Sandy, impoverished. Moisture: Drought. Maintenance & Pruning: Remove. Spreads by small elastic rhizomes and by seed. Landscape Use: Found in gardens, waste places, roadsides and sandy sites. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: There are at least 5 species of “Dock” weed in the Rumex genus.

Senecio vulgaris â&#x20AC;&#x153;Common groundselâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Annual (weed) Zone: NA

Height: 2-8 inches

Width: 1 foot

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Slender, lazy. Leaf: Light green, pinnately lobed.

Flower: Inconspicuous, yellow, tubular. No outer ligulate flowers as seen in dandelions. Bracts are black-tipped. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to shade. Soil: Lush, nutritious. Moisture: Average.

Maintenance & Pruning: Be sure to remove shallow taproot. Landscape Use: Poisonous for grazing livestock, causes liver damage. Pests & Diseases: Alternate host for hollyhock rust. Comments: Found on all sides of the equator.

Taraxacum officinale syn. Taraxaeum officinale â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dandelionâ&#x20AC;? ASTERACEAE

Herbaceous Perennial (weed) Zone: 3

Height: 6-12 inches

Width: 6-8 inches

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Light stems with short hairs. Leaf: Narrowing oblong and green.

Flower: Yellow petals, which then turn to wispy seed heads. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to part shade. Soil: Adaptable.

Moisture: Moist. Maintenance & Pruning: Deep taproot must be pulled in its entirety not to re-grow tougher than ever. If using a herbicide, try to remove flowers before spraying. Landscape Use: Worldwide weed. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Leaves and flowers are edible. Milky sap in stem is toxic. Leaves used in salads and once considered a delicacy. High in vitamin A, C and K. Good sources of calcium, potassium, iron and manganese. Flowers in dandelion wine and jellies,

roots can also be toasted and ground and can be used as a coffee substitute. Bees and early emerging butterflies enjoy

Trifolium repens â&#x20AC;&#x153;Dutch cloverâ&#x20AC;? PAPILIONACEAE

Perennial weed Zone: 4-10

Height: 4 inches

Width: 3 feet +

Aesthetic:

Shape & Stem: Creeping, rooting at nodes, slender.

Leaf: 3 leaflets per stalk with a white band along base.

Flower: Numerous white or pink pea blooms. Conditions:

Sun: Full sun to semi-shade. Soil: Average to poor.

Moisture: Well-drained, average to dry. Maintenance & Pruning: Difficult to control spread in lawns. Landscape Use: Lawns, wild sections of garden, groundcover. Pests & Diseases: None to mention. Comments: Valuable nectar source for the bees.