AHS - Encyclopedia of Plants PDF

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AMERICAN
HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
PLANTS &
FLOWERS
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CHRISTOPHER BRICKELL
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AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
PLANTS &
FLOWERS
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AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
PLANTS &
FLOWERS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
CHRISTOPHER BRICKELL
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LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, DELHI

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FIRST EDITION
Senior Editor Jane Aspden
Editors Liza Bruml, Joanna Chisholm, Roger Smoothy, Jo Weeks
Additional editorial assistance from Jane Birdsell, Lynn Bresler,
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Designer Amanda Lunn
First American edition published by Macmillan Publishing Company in 1989
Second American edition published by DK Publishing in 2002
This fully revised and updated edition first published in America in 2011
Published in the United States by
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Copyright © 1989, 2002, 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited
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Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.

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PREFACE
Americans enjoy many hobbies, but surveys continue to show that gardening is the single
most popular leisure time activity. At the same time, given the fast-paced, multitasking,
technology-driven lifestyle that seems to be the norm in the 21st century, most of us have
less time for gardening than we might like.
In developing this revised and updated edition of the AHS Encyclopedia of Plants & Flowers,
our goal was to address this challenge by providing a wealth of practical and inspirational
plant selection and design information in an easy-to-use format that is suited to both new
gardeners and experienced ones.
Among the useful components is the Plant Selector section, which offers detailed lists
of plants suited to particular garden sites—such as sun or shade, dry or moist soil, and
containers—or plants with particular attributes, such as fragrant flowers or decorative
fruits. Within each list, plants are subdivided by type and can be cross-referenced with
the more detailed plant entries included in the Plant Catalog and Plant Dictionary sections.
The Plant Catalog is divided into plant groups such as annuals, perennials, bulbs, grasses,
shrubs, vines, and trees. Under each broad category, special sections are devoted to popular
or useful plant groups that include conifers, hollies, rhododendrons, hydrangeas, roses,
clematis, hellebores, daylilies, and daffodils, to name but a few. New to this edition is a section
for subtropical plants, orchids, and succulents, which have become very popular for use in
containers or for summer color even in regions where they are not fully hardy. Each section
of the catalog is further organized into useful categories such as season of bloom, mature
size, and flower or foliage color so it is easy to locate plants that will provide exactly the
features you want for any garden situation. Each entry includes a color photograph of the
plant so you can see exactly what it looks like, and provides complete information on the
plant’s growing requirements.
In addition to the more than 4,000 plants illustrated in the catalog, another 4,000 are covered
in the Plant Dictionary section, providing additional choices that are suitable for a wide range
of gardens and regions, and supplementing the growing information provided in the catalog.
Whether you are a new gardener eager to begin designing your first yard or a veteran
searching for the perfect plants to fill a few gaps, this encyclopedia allows you to quickly
identify a variety of plants that will thrive in different sites in your garden. By enhancing your
ability to select the best plants, we hope it will make your garden more enjoyable, successful,
and productive—and allow you more time to relax and enjoy the fruits of your labor.
From all of us at the American Horticultural Society, happy gardening!
Tom Underwood
Executive Director, American Horticultural Society
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CONTRIBUTORS
FIFTH EDITION REVIEWED BY
Zia Allaway Bulbs
Christopher Brickell Rock Plants, Climbers
John R. L. Carter Water and Bog Plants
Philip Clayton Perennials
Philip Harkness Roses
Graham Rice Annuals and Biennials,
Perennials
Tony Russell Trees, Shrubs
Julian Shaw Tender and Exotics,
Plant Dictionary
FIRST EDITION CONTRIBUTORS

Susyn Andrews Hollies
Larry Barlow with W. B. Wade Chrysanthemums
Kenneth A. Beckett Shrubs, Climbers,
with David Pycraft Bromeliads, Plant Selector
John Brookes with Linden Hawthorne Introduction
Eric Catterall with Richard Gilbert Begonias
Allen J. Coombes Plant Origins, Trees,
Shrubs, Glossary
Philip Damp with Roger Aylett Dahlias
Kate Donald Peonies, Daffodils
Kath Dryden Rock Plants
Raymond Evison Clematis
Diana Grenfell Hostas
Peter Harkness Roses
Linden Hawthorne Chapter Introductions
Terry Hewitt Cacti and Other Succulents
David Hitchcock Carnations and Pinks
Hazel Key Pelargoniums
Sidney Linnegar Irises
Brian Mathew Irises, Bulbs
Victoria Matthews Climbers, Lilies, Tulips
David McClintock Grasses, Bamboos,
Rushes and Sedges
Diana Miller Perennials
with Richard Gilbert African Violets
John Paton Perennials
Charles Puddle Camellias
Wilma Rittershausen with Sabina Knees Orchids
Peter Q. Rose with Hazel Key Ivies
Keith Rushforth Conifers
A. D. Schilling Rhododendrons and Azaleas
Arthur Smith Gladioli
Philip Swindells with Peter Barnes Ferns
with Kath Dryden and Jack Wemyss-Cooke Primulas
with Peter Robinson Water Plants
John Thirkell Delphiniums
Alan Toogood Annuals and Biennials
Major General Patrick Turpin Heathers
with David Small
Michael Upward Perennials

John Wright with Nancy Darnley Fuchsias
CONTENTS
Preface 5 Climbers and Rock plants 328

How to use this book 8
wall shrubs 188 Large 332
Clematis 198
Plant names and origins 10 Wisteria 205 Small 347
Honeysuckle 207 Gentians 370
Creating a garden 12 Houseleeks 377
Plant selector 31 Perennials 212
including grasses, bamboos, Bulbs 378
rushes, sedges, and ferns including corms and tubers
PLANT CATALOG Large 382
Large 216
Trees 56 Delphiniums 217 Gladioli 384
including conifers Himalayan poppies 218 Alstroemerias 387
Large 60 Echinacea (Coneflowers) 221 Lilies 388
Japanese anemones 222 Cannas 394
Medium 69 Dahlias 396
Magnolias 70 Medium 223
Ornamental bark 78 Irises 224 Medium 399
Aquilegias 226 Tulips 400
Small 80 Daffodils 404
Peonies 228
Flowering dogwoods 87 Crocosmia 410
Astilbes 232
Sorbus (Mountain ash) 91
Persicaria 234 Small 414
Hollies 94
Penstemons 236 Crocuses 417
Large conifers 95 Oriental poppies 238
Phlox 240
Medium conifers 99 Water and bog plants 430
Campanulas 241
Water lilies 440
Daylilies 244
Small conifers 103
Yarrow 247
Dwarf conifers 105 Tender and exotic plants 446
Helenium 248
including cacti and
Michaelmas daisies 249
Shrubs 106 Salvias 250 other succulents
Large 110 Rudbeckia 251 Trees 450
Buddlejas 114 Chrysanthemums 252
Lilacs 115 Shrubs 453
Red-hot pokers 254
Witch hazels 118 Climbers 459
Small 254
Medium 120 Primulas 257 Perennials 465
Camellias 120 Lungworts 261 Orchids 466
Rhododendrons 124 Carnations and pinks 266 Bromeliads 471
Cornus 126 Hostas 272 African violets 472
Hydrangeas 134 Sedum 279 Gingers 477
Shrubs for berries 142 Lenten roses 281
Heuchera and x Heucherella 282 Cacti and other succulents 479
Small 145 Agaves 482
Hardy fuchsias 154 Grasses, bamboos, rushes Aloes 493
Salvias 155 and sedges 284
Lavenders 158
Heathers 166 Ferns 290
Roses 168 Annuals, biennials, PLANT DICTIONARY 497

Shrub and Old Garden roses 172 and bedding 294 Index of common names 725
Hips and thorns 176 Fuchsias 302
177
Glossary of terms 736
Modern roses Pelargoniums 309
Climbing roses 184 Begonias 317 Acknowledgments 738
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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
The core of this book is its two main sections—The Plant Catalog and the
Plant Dictionary. Here you will find descriptions and cultivation advice
for thousands of plants. Plant Names and Origins explains the system for
classifying and naming plants, while the new introduction, Creating a
Garden, offers advice on design, planting, and basic pruning.
The Plant Selector The Plant Catalog

The Plant Selector recommends plants for a variety of sites, This section combines plant portraits and descriptions in a colorful
soils, and purposes, making it easy to find one to suit your catalog of 4,000 plants divided into groups: Trees (including
needs. The list is divided into 23 useful categories, including conifers); Shrubs; Roses; Climbers and Wall Shrubs; Perennials
plants for groundcover in sun or shade, drought-tolerant (including grasses, bamboos, rushes, sedges, and ferns); Annuals,
plants, fragrant plants, and those suitable for hedges and Biennials, and Bedding Plants; Rock Plants; Bulbs; Water and Bog
windbreaks. Many are included in the Plant Catalog and Plants; and Tender and Exotic Plants. A short introduction to each
are cross-referenced to a picture and full description. group is followed by plants arranged by size, season of interest, and
Plants for sandy soil Gaultheria mucronata ‘Wintertime’, p.163 Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus Gaillardia ‘Oranges and Lemons’, p.277 Saponaria ocymoides, p.364 Petrea volubilis, p.463 Cryptanthus zonatus
color and includes feature panels on plants with particular appeal.
Sandy soils are often termed “light” or “hungry.” They are usually Genista tinctoria, p.148 ‘Graskop’, p.240 Gaillardia x grandiflora cvs Sedum spp. and cvs, pp.315, 345, 371, Plectranthus fructicosus ‘James’, p.454 Gazania rigens var. uniflora
Halimium ‘Susan’, p.160 Agastache ‘Black Adder’, p.280 Libertia ixioides ‘Goldfinger’, p.277 374, 375, 377 Ruellia devosiana, p.465
well-drained, but dry out rapidly and hold low reserves of plant Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142 Limonium latifolium ‘Blue Cloud’, p.270 Tanacetum argenteum, p.346 Climbers Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Laurentii’,
Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Valerie Finnis’,
nutrients. Many plants have adapted to such soils by developing Hypericum ‘Hidcote’, p.160 p.274 Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240 Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus, p.351 Bomarea hirsuta p.476
deeply penetrating roots. Their leaves are modified to reduce LAVENDERS, p.158 Artemisia absinthium ‘Lambrook Silver’ Nepeta x faassenii, p.270 Bomarea multiflora, p.207 Strelitzia reginae, p.476
Olearia nummulariifolia, p.128 Asphodeline Oenothera fruticosa ‘Fyrverkeri’, p.275 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS Kennedia rubicunda, p.462
moisture loss: small and reflexed, evergreen and glossy, or
Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’, p.159 Aster divaricatus, p.249 Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’, p.274 Allium aflatunense, p.382 Solanum wendlandii, p.463 Cacti and succulents
covered with fine gray or silver hairs. To improve moisture Phlomis fruticosa, p.160 Aster ericoides f. prostratus ‘Snowflurry’ ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238 Allium atropurpureum, p.392 Streptosolen jamesonii, p.464 AGAVES, p.482
retention, incorporate some organic matter when planting
Catalog page
Robinia hispida, p.133 Aster species, selections and hybrids, Phlomis russeliana, p.243 Allium ‘Gladiator’, p.392 Tropaeolum tricolorum, p.461 ALOES, p.493
in fall; little watering will then be needed and plants are able Rosa spinosissima pp.249, 250, 254, 367 Platycodon grandiflorus, p.269 Allium ‘Globemaster’, p.392 Echeveria montana
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157 Baptisia australis, p.240 Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’, p.268 Allium ‘Mount Everest’, p.385 Perennials Furcraea parmentieri
to establish well before summer. RED HOT POKER, p.254 Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group, p.409 Aphelandra squarrosa ‘Louisae’, p.476 Rebutia hybrida and cvs, pp.483, 484,
SALVIAS, p.155 Berkheya purpurea, p.269
TREES Pinus radiata, p.98

Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana
‘Sulphurea’, p.159
Campanula persicifolia
Campanula punctata, C. takesimana, p.241
Romneya coulteri, p.216
SEDUM, p.279
Allium oreophilum, p.418
Allium ‘Purple Sensation’, p.392
Billbergia nutans 486, 487, 496
MEDIUM
Amelanchier lamarckii, p.110
Betula ermanii, p.78
Betula pendula ‘Dalecarlica’
Castanea sativa
Celtis australis, p.62
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, p.96
Thuja occidentalis and cvs
SHRUBS
Acacia dealbata, p.211
Spartium junceum, p.140
Tamarix ramosissima, p.114
Teucrium fruticans ‘Azureum’
x Halimiocistus sahucii, p.149
Yucca gloriosa, p.132
Campanula species, selections and
hybrids, pp.241, 242, 342, 360, 367,
368, 369
CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266–267
Centranthus ruber, p.248
Solidago ‘Goldenmosa’, p.251
Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’, p.268
Verbascum spp. and cvs, pp.219, 243,
246, 345
ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387
Anemone blanda ‘Violet Star’, p.418
Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
‘Mr Fokker’, p.403
Anemone ranunculoides, p.263
If you know a plant but SPRING
cannot recall its name,

Cercis siliquastrum, p.83 Artemisia arborescens ‘Faith Raven’ Coreopsis ‘Limerock Ruby’, p.268 Grasses and bamboos Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’, p.84 Berberis empetrifolia, p.148 CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Delphinium grandiflorum ‘Blue Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287 Babiana rubrocyanea, p.418 WHITE PINK
Genista aetnensis, p.89 Brachyglottis ‘Sunshine’ CLEMATIS, pp.198–200 Butterfly’, p.217 Carex flagellifera, p.289 Bellavalia romana, p.399
Nothofagus obliqua, p.63 BUDDLEJAS, p.114 Clianthus puniceus, p.193 Diascia personata, p.223 Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288 Brodiaea ‘Queen Fabiola’
Phoenix canariensis Calluna vulgaris and cvs, p.166 Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208 Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’, p.220 Chionochloa rubra, p.285 Calochortus superbus, p.409
Pinus bungeana, p.78 Caragana arborescens ‘Lorbergii’ Lapageria rosea, p.202 Eryngium pandanifolium Cortadera richardii, p.284 Camassia quamash, p.411
have a specimen that

Pinus sylvestris, p.78 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and forms Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’, p.210 Eryngium x tripartitum, p.250 Deschampsisa cesoitosa ‘Gold Tau’, p.289 Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419
Quercus ilex Cistus spp. and cvs, pp.150, 152, 153, 154 Erysimum ‘Bowles Mauve’, p.261 Elegia capensis, p.285 CROCOSMIA, p.410
Convolvulus cneorum, p.149 PERENNIALS Francoa sochifolia Rogerson’s form Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, CROCUS p.417
Conifers Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117 Acanthus spinosus, p.239 p.285 Cyclamen coum ‘Maurice Dryden’, p.428
Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’ Antirrhinum majus
Abies grandis, p.98 Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’, p.119 Achillea spp. and cvs, pp.235, 243, 247, Miscanthus sinensis and cvs pp.284, Cyclamen coum Pewter Group, p.429
x Cuprocyparis leylandii and cvs Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens, p.123 359, 360 BELOW Hot and dry conditions 285, 286 DAFFODILS, pp.404–405
you want to identify, or

Juniperus Erica spp. and cvs, p.166 Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’, p.241 Acanthus spinosus and Phlomis Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea DAHLIAS, pp.396–398
Larix decidua, p.97 Gaultheria mucronata ‘Mulberry Wine’, Agapanthus ‘Phantom’ russeliana make a perfect planting ‘Transparent’, p.286 Fritillaria imperalis ‘Lutea’, p.382

Pinus pinaster, p.97 p.164 Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’, p.241 partnership on sandy soil. Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’, p.382
‘Heidebraut’, p.285 Galanthus ‘Hill Poe’, p.427
Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’, p.289 Galanthus woronowii, p.428
simply wish to choose

Pennisetum spp., pp.286, 311, 312 GLADIOLI, p.384
Stipa spp., pp.286, 287, 288 Gladiolus murielae
Habenaria radiata, p.408
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Hippeastrum ‘Black Pearl’
Antirrhinum majus and cvs, pp.306, Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’, p.403
319, 320 Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’, p.415
plants for your garden

Brachyscome iberidifolia Hymenocallis ‘Sulphur Queen’, p.412
Cleome hassleriana and cvs, p.304 Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Coreopsis tinctoria, p.321 Ipheion uniflorum ‘Froyle Mill’, p.419
Eschscholzia californica, p.326 Iris reticulata and cvs, p.225 Helianthemum ‘Wisley Primrose’ Eccremocarpus scaber
Glandularia x hybrida series and cvs, Ixia viridiflora, p.406
pp.303, 307 LILIES, pp.388–391
based on their size or

Limnanthes douglasii, p.321 Muscari spp. and cvs, pp.403, 415, 419,
Limonium sinuatum 420, 421
Nerine bowdenii, p.413
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Moerloosei’ Cotoneaster divaricatus
Linaria maroccana ‘Fairy Lights’

Papaver rhoeas Shirley Series, p.310 Nerine bowdenii ‘Nikita’ Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub. Has Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub.
PELARGONIUMS, p.309 Ornithogalum, spp. and cvs, pp.382, 399,
408, 414, 415, 416 glossy, dark green leaves and pink- Leaves are glossy, dark green, turning
coloring, the Plant

Portulaca grandiflora series and cvs
Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’, p.385
Schizanthus ‘Dwarf Bouquet’, p.304
Senecio cineraria ‘Silver Dust’, p.315 Romulea bulbocodium, p.419
flushed, white flowers in early spring, red in fall. Shallowly cup-shaped, pink-
Tagetes cvs, pp.308, 322, 324, 326 Schizostylis ‘Mrs Hegarty’
Scilla spp. and cvs, pp.413, 416, 420, 423
followed by greenish-yellow fruits. flushed, white flowers in late spring
Tanacetum parthenium, p.300
Xanthophthalmum segetum, p.322 Triteleia ixiodes ‘Starlight’, p.407 and early summer are followed
Catalog is the place

Xerochrysum bracteatum Monstrosum Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
Series TULIPS, pp.400–401 by deep red fruits.
Watsonia meriana, p.385
ROCK PLANTS Zephyranthes spp., pp.413, 424
Acaena caesiiglauca, p.374
Achillea x kellereri, p.360 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
AD Z5–9 H9–1 10ft
ADt Z5–7 H7–5 10ft
to start.
Aethionema ‘Warley Rose’, p.362 Trees 3m 0 3m 0
Andromeda polifolia ‘Compacta’, Agonis flexuosa, p.450
p.333
Arenaria montana, p.360 Shrubs
Armeria juniperifolia, p.352 Boronia megastigma, p.456
Cytisus x beanii, p.335 Chamelaucium uncinatum, pp.453, 454
Dianthus deltoides Chorizema ilicifolium, p.455
Gaultheria procumbens, p.373 Iochroma australe, p.138
Gypsophila repens Leucospermum reflexum, p.456
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
338, 340, 344, 345 RIGHT A garden on sandy gravel
32
HOUSELEEKS, p.377
Petrorhagia saxifraga, p.361
Phlox bifida, p.366
Alliums and lavenders thrive on light,
sandy soils and are ideal for gravel
gardens in dry areas.
33
Page headings

The headings on each
page reflect the way in
Photographic reference which each plant group
Top choices Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’ Rhododendron ‘Percy Wiseman’
Garden themes and uses is subdivided—usually by Evergreen, compact shrub with aromatic,
glossy, dark green leaves composed of
Evergreen rhododendron with a domed,
compact habit. In late spring produces
Plants are arranged 3–5 linear leaflets. Clusters of scented, open funnel-shaped, peach-yellow
are illustrated, together with size and main season of white flowers, pink-flushed in bud,
are produced in profusion in
flowers that fade to white.
by group, then listed spring and then quite often

10ft 3m 10ft 3m
photographs of selected plants. interest. (See also Size again in early fall.
alphabetically. AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft

3m 0 BDMt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0
categories, left.)
Plant portraits
Color photographs assist
Size categories in the identification and Choisya ternata (Mexican orange) Myrtus communis (Common myrtle) Viburnum bitchiuense Camellia x williamsii
Within most groups in the Plant differently from group to group. Sizes selection of plants. Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with
aromatic, glossy, bright green leaves
composed of 3 leaflets. Clusters of
Evergreen, bushy shrub with aromatic,
glossy, dark green foliage. Fragrant,
white flowers are borne from mid-spring
Deciduous, bushy shrub with oval,
dark green leaves. Rounded heads
of fragrant, tubular, pale pink flowers,
‘E.G. Waterhouse’
Evergreen, upright shrub with lance-
shaped, pale green leaves. Formal
Catalog, plants are arranged by are based on plant heights. The specific fragrant, white blooms open in late to early summer, followed by borne from mid- to late spring, double, pink flowers are freely
spring and often again in fall.
MAGNOLIAS
10ft 3m
purple-black berries.
10ft 3m
are followed by egg-shaped,
flattened, black fruits.
10ft 3m
produced in spring.
10ft 3m
size (then subsequently by season height ranges for large, medium, and 122
A mature magnolia in full bloom makes a spectacular sight
in spring. Most magnolias are elegant in habit and though
slow-growing, eventually form imposing trees and shrubs.
AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft
The flowers AD
are generally
Z8–9saucer-,
10ft
H9–8 star-, or goblet-shaped ADtZ5–7 H7–5 10ft
BDMt Z7–8 H8–7 10ft
of interest). Size categories range small can be found in the introductory 3m 0 3m

and often have a subtle fragrance. Colors range from pure
white, to white flushed or stained with pink or purple, to
pink and rich red-purple. The genus includes some evergreen,
0 3m 0
M. sprengeri var. diva
3m 0
summer-flowering species. These, and cultivars that are not

from large to small, but are defined section for the relevant plant group. fully hardy, are best planted against a sunny wall. Some
magnolias prefer acidic or neutral soil, but most tolerate
any soil provided it is humus-rich. Plenty of organic matter
Feature panels
should be dug into the soil before planting. Avoid planting
in exposed sites, as the flowers can be damaged by frost.
M. ‘Vulcan’ Magnolia BLACK TULIP (‘Jurmag1’)
Color order Plant types or genera

Within each group, plants are arranged blues to greens, yellows, and oranges. of special interest to the
by the color of their main feature. Variegated plants are categorized by gardener are presented M. ‘Galaxy’ M. stellata ‘Rosea’ M. ‘Ann’
Colors are arranged in the same order: the color of their foliage variegation in separate feature
from white through reds, purples, and (e.g., white or yellow).
panels within the M. grandiflora ‘Exmouth’ M. x loebneri ‘Leonard Messel’ M. x soulangeana
‘Rustica Rubra’
M. ‘Elizabeth’
appropriate group.
M. ‘Pinkie’ M. stellata ‘Waterlily’ M. campbellii
subsp. mollicomata
Key characteristics
Key to symbols The introduction M. ‘Butterflies’
describes the plants

r Prefers sun u Prefers well-drained soil and gives guidance on
s v Prefers moist soil cultivation and planting. 70
Prefers partial shade M. wilsonii M. liliiflora ‘Nigra’ M. x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’
t Tolerates full shade w Prefers wet soil

Plant portraits Plant names
H Height (or length m Needs acidic soil Close-up photographs of The botanical name is given
of trailing stems) t Toxic plant individual flowers or plants and the Group or classification
S Spread allow quick identification where appropriate. Descriptions
8 or selection. and cultivation advice appear in
the Plant Dictionary.
Cultivation, cold-hardiness, The Plant Dictionary
and heat tolerance The Plant Dictionary contains entries for every genus in the
Symbols show the plant’s preferred
growing conditions and tolerance of Encyclopedia and includes another 4,000 recommended
cold and heat. However, the climatic plants in addition to those featured in the Plant Catalog.
and soil conditions of your particular It also functions as an index to the Plant Catalog.
site should also be taken into account
as they may affect a plant’s growth. RHODIOLA
(See also key, left, and box, below.) clusters of lemon-scented, cup-shaped,
pink-tinged, white flowers are borne
amid oblong, taper-pointed, red-
in early spring. Has a few linear leaves,
which soon fall. Grow against a south-
or west-facing wall.
division in spring. Is susceptible to red
spider mite.
k R. excelsa, syn. R. flabelliformis,
cylindrical, dark green stems each
widen towards tips. Masses of
terminal, bell-shaped, white flowers,
stalked, glossy, dark green leaves in illus. p.000. 1.5cm (5/8in) wide, are produced in late
Genus names
late spring. Bears cylindrical, woody, Reynoutria. See Fallopia. R. flabelliformis. See R. excelsa. winter and early spring on plants over
red, then brown fruits in autumn. 30cm (1ft) high.
Rhazya orientalis. See Amsonia R. paradoxa (Chain cactus). Bushy,
RHAMNUS orientalis. then pendent, perennial cactus. H 1m
REHMANNIA Buckthorn
(3ft), S indefinite. Min. 11°C (52°F).
The genus name is

SCROPHULARIACEAE RHAMNACEAE Triangular, green stems have segments
Genus of spring- and summer- Genus of deciduous or evergreen
RHEUM alternately set at different angles.
Rhubarb
flowering perennials. Half hardy to shrubs and trees, with inconspicuous Short, funnel-shaped, white flowers,
frost tender, min. 1–5°C (34–41°F). flowers, grown mainly for their foliage POLYGONACEAE 2cm (3∕4in) across, with recurved tips,
Needs a warm, sunny position and and fruits. Fully to frost hardy. Genus of perennials, grown for their appear from stem edges in winter-
Toxic plants followed by common light soil. Propagate by seed in autumn Requires sun or semi-shade and fertile foliage and striking overall spring and are followed by red berries.
or spring or by root cuttings in winter. soil. Propagate deciduous species by appearance. Includes the edible R. salicornioides. See Hatiora
R. angulata of gardens. See R. elata. seed in autumn, evergreen species by rhubarb and various ornamental salicornioides.
k R. elata, syn. R. angulata of semi-ripe cuttings in summer. tAll plants. Some species are extremely R. teres, syn. R. capilliformis. Pendent,
gardens, illus. p.000. parts may cause severe discomfort if large and require plenty of space. Fully perennial cactus. H 1m (3ft), S 50cm
This symbol indicates that the plant can names, where appropriate, k R. glutinosa. Rosette-forming
perennial. H 30cm (12in), S 25cm (10in).
Frost tender, min. 1°C (34°F). Tubular,
pink, red-brown or yellow flowers,
ingested.
R. alaternus (Italian buckthorn).
k ‘Argenteovariegata’ is an
evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 3m
hardy. Prefers sun or semi-shade and
deep, rich, well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in
autumn. tLeaves may cause severe
(20in). Min. 10°C (50°F). Has freely
branching, cylindrical, green stems
and, in winter-spring, short, funnel-
shaped, white flowers, to 1cm (1∕2in)
with purple veins, are borne on leafy (10ft). Frost hardy. Has oval, leathery, discomfort if ingested. wide, with recurved tips, then white
be toxic. Details are given in the genus and family names. shoots in late spring and early summer.
Leaves are oval to lance-shaped,
toothed, hairy and light green.
glossy, grey-green leaves margined
creamy-white. Tiny, yellowish-green
flowers are produced from early to
mid-summer and followed by
R. nobile. Clump-forming perennial.
H 15m (5ft), S 1m (3ft). Leaves are
oblong to oval, leathery, basal, mid-
green, 60cm (2ft) long. In late summer
berries.
R. warmingiana. See Lepismium
warmingianum.
spherical, red, then black fruits. produces long stems and conical RHODANTHE,
REINWARDTIA
introductions in the Plant Dictionary.

R. imeretina. Deciduous, spreading, spikes of large, overlapping, pale
SYN. ACROCLINIUM
LINACEAE open shrub. H 3m (10ft), S 5m (15ft). cream bracts that hide insignificant
Strawflower
Genus of evergreen sub-shrubs, grown Fully hardy. Stout shoots bear large, flowers.
for their flowers. Frost tender, min. broadly oblong, prominently veined, R. palmatum. Clump-forming COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
7–10°C (45–50°F). Needs full light or a dark green leaves that turn bronze- perennial. H and S 2m (6ft). Has Genus of drought-tolerant annuals,
Genus entries partially shaded position and fertile, purple in autumn. Small, green flowers 60–75cm (2–21∕2ft) long, rounded, perennials and sub-shrubs, grown for
well-drained soil. Water freely when are borne in summer. 5-lobed, mid-green leaves. In early their daisy-like, papery flower heads,
growing, moderately at other times. summer has broad panicles of small, which are excellent for cutting and
drying. Half hardy. Grow in sun and in
Rhododendron ‘Percy Wiseman’

Tip prune young plants to promote creamy-white flowers.
RHAPHIOLEPIS k ‘Atrosanguineum’ illus. p.000. poor, very well-drained soil. Propagate
branching; cut back hard after
R
A concise introduction covers flowering. Raise soft-wood cuttings ROSACEAE by seed sown outdoors in mid-spring.
annually in late spring. Red spider mite Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. See Aphids may cause problems.
may cause problems. their flowers and foliage. Frost to half Hatiora gaertneri. R. chlorocephala subsp. rosea, syn.
R. indica, syn. R. trigyna, illus. p.000. hardy. In most areas does best against Rhipsalidopsis rosea. See Hatiora Acroclinium roseum, Helipterum
R. trigyna. See R. indica. a sheltered wall; R. umbellata is the rosea. roseum, illus. p.000.
the distinctive characteristics

R. manglesii, syn. Helipterum
Evergreen rhododendron with a domed,

most hardy. Needs sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by semi- manglesii, illus. p.000.
RESEDA RHIPSALIS
Size and shape Mignonette

RESEDACEAE
ripe cuttings in late summer.
R. x delacourii ‘Coates’ Crimson’.
Evergreen, rounded shrub. H 2m (6ft),
Mistletoe cactus
CACTACEAE
RHODANTHEMUM
and hardiness range of plants RHEUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Genus of annuals and biennials with S 2.5m (8ft). Frost hardy. Clusters of Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti Genus of mat-forming, often
flowers that attract bees and that are fragrant, star-shaped, deep pink with usually pendent, variously formed
For most plants the approximate height (H)

rhizomatous perennials and sub-
compact habit. In late spring produces also suitable for cutting. Fully hardy.
Grow in a sunny position and in any
fertile, well-drained soil. Dead-heading
flowers, produced in spring or
summer, are set off by the oval,
leathery, dark green leaves.
stems. Flowers are followed by
spherical, translucent berries. Frost
tender, min. 10–11°C (50–52°F). Needs
shrubs, grown for their solitary, large,
daisy-like, white flower heads,
in the genus, as well as advice

surrounded by prominent, usually
regularly ensures a prolonged R. indica (Indian hawthorn). partial shade and rich, well-drained green bracts. Fully to frost hardy.
flowering period. Propagate by sowing Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 1.5m (5ft), soil. Prefers 80% relative humidity –
and spread (S) are given at the end of each Rhubarb

Needs full sun and moderately fertile,
seed outdoors in spring or early S 2m (6ft). Half hardy. Clusters of higher than for most cacti. Give only very well-drained soil. Propagate by
autumn. fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers, occasional, very light watering in
open funnel-shaped, peach-yellow on siting, cultivation,

R. odorata illus. p.000.
RETAMA
flushed with pink, are borne in spring
or early summer amid narrowly lance-
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves.
winter. Propagate by seed or stem
cuttings in spring or summer.
R. capilliformis. See R. teres.
seed in spring or by softwood cuttings
in summer.
k R. hosmariense, syn.
caption. (The “height” of a trailing plant is

Chrysanthemum hosmariense,
R. japonica. See R. umbellata. R. cereuscula illus. p.000. Pyrethropsis hosmariense, illus. p.000.
POLYGONACEAE
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE R. ovata. See R. umbellata. R. clavata. See R. gaertneri.
Genus of deciduous shrubs grown for k R. umbellata, syn. R. japonica, R. R. crispata. Bushy, then pendent,
flowers that fade to white. propagation, and, if relevant, their willowy, dark green or silky grey
stems and pea-like, white or yellow
ovata, illus. p.000. perennial cactus. H 1m (3ft),
S indefinite. Min. 11°C (52°F). Has leaf-
RHODIOLA
the length of its stems, either hanging or

CRASSULACEAE
10ft 3m
flowers. Half hardy. Needs full sun and like, elliptic to oblong, pale green stem
RHAPIS Genus of perennials, some dioecious,
sharply drained soil and a sheltered segments, to 12cm (5in) long, with with thick, fleshy rhizomes producing
PALMAE/ARECACEAE
pruning, pests and diseases,

position against a south- or west- undulating edges that produce short, scaly, brown basal leaves and stiffly
Genus of perennials, grown for their

facing wall. Propagate from seed in a Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown funnel-shaped, cream or pale yellow erect stems that bear triangular-oval to
flowers, to 1cm (1∕2in) across, with
spreading.) For Trees, Conifers, and Shrubs,

cold frame or under glass or by semi- for their foliage and overall lance-shaped, fleshy, grey-green
ripe cuttings in summer. appearance. May have tiny, yellow recurved tips, in winter-spring, then leaves. Star-shaped flowers have
R. monosperma, syn. Genista flowers in summer. Frost tender, white berries.
prominent stamens, and may be
and toxicity.
monosperma. Deciduous, almost min.15°C (59°F). Needs partial shade R. floccosa illus. p.000.
unisexual or bisexual. Fully hardy.
leafless, graceful, arching shrub. H to and humus-rich, well-drained soil. R. gaertneri, syn. R. clavata, Hatiora
Grow in full sun and moderately fertile
a scale drawing shows the size and shape foliage and overall appearance.
4m (12ft), S 1.5m (5ft). Half hardy.
Slender, silky-grey shoots bear clusters
of small, very fragrant, white flowers
Water containerized specimens freely
when growing, moderately at other
times. Propagate by seed, suckers or
clavata. Pendent, perennial, epiphytic
cactus. H 60cm (2ft), S 1m (3ft).min.
11°C (52°F). Multi-branched,
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
autumn, divide rhizomes in spring or
early summer or take leaf cuttings in
687
3
BDMt Z6–9 H9–6

10ft
3m 0
of each plant at maturity.
Plant names
Includes the edible rhubarb and
various ornamental plants. Some
Botanical names, synonyms,
species are extremely large and
and common names are given
as appropriate. The genus require plenty of space. Prefers sun or
RED
name is abbreviated; specific partial shade and deep, rich, well-

epithets (e.g., nobile) are drained soil. Propagate by division in
abbreviated only if previously spring or by seed in fall. T Leaves may
given in full. cause severe discomfort if ingested.
R. nobile, Clump-forming perennial.
Color tabs Plant descriptions

Ribes sanguineum ‘Pulborough
H 5ft (15m), S 3ft (1m). Has oblong to

Scarlet’ (Flowering currant)
Deciduous, upright shrub that in spring
bears pendent, tubular, deep red flowers These indicate a change of Key characteristics of
amid aromatic, dark green leaves, oval, leathery, basal, mid-green
with 3–5 lobes, sometimes
followed by black fruits
10ft 3m color within the size group the plant are described.
with a white bloom.
for each season. Hardiness and cultivation leaves, 2ft (60cm) long. In late summer
AD Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0
needs are included only produces long stems and conical

if specific to the plant. spikes of large, overlapping, pale
Cultivar entries run on cream bracts that hide insignificant

from the species entry, flowers. Z6–9 H9–6

with the binomial omitted. R. palmatum (Chinese rhubarb),
Prunus mume ‘Beni-chidori’
Deciduous, spreading shrub with
Telopea truncata (Tasmanian waratah)
Evergreen, upright shrub, bushy with
Acer palmatum ‘Shindeshojo’
Slow-growing, deciduous, rather Clump-forming perennial. H and S 6ft
fragrant, single, carmine flowers in age. Has deep green leaves and dense, twiggy shrub grown for its pink-red leaf
Hardiness and Heat zones
early spring before pointed, dark
green leaves appear.
rounded heads of small, tubular, crimson
flowers in late spring and summer.
coloring in spring. Palmate, deeply lobed
leaves then turn bluish-green. Much (2m). Has rounded, 5-lobed, mid-
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
used for bonsai. Hard frosts
10ft 3m Indicate the zone(s) in which
can scorch new growth.
Tabs the plant can be expected to green leaves, 2–21/2ft (60–75cm) long.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
BDM Z13–15 H12–10 10ft
BD Z6–8 H8–2 10ft
3m 0 3m 0 3m 0
Color-coded tabs make it survive (see below). In early summer produces broad
easy to find each plant group. panicles of small, creamy-white
Illustrated plants flowers. Z5–9 H9–5
Descriptions for illustrated ‘Atrosanguineum’ illus. p.439.
plants appear in the Plant
Acer palmatum ‘Corallinum’ Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens Leptospermum scoparium Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea
Catalog, unless part of a Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. See
Very slow-growing, deciduous, Deciduous, bushy shrub with dense ‘Red Damask’ Deciduous, arching, dense shrub.
bushy-headed shrub or small tree.
Lobed, bright reddish-pink, young
clusters of dull green leaves that turn
deep reddish-purple in fall. Small,
Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub.
Narrow, aromatic, dark green
Reddish-purple foliage turns
bright red in fall. Globose to
feature panel (see below left). Hatiora gaertneri.
foliage becomes mid-green, then bell-shaped, deep red flowers leaves set off sprays of double, cup-shaped, red-tinged, pale
brilliant red, orange or yellow
in fall. Reddish-purple flowers
10ft 3m
appear in late spring.
10ft 3m
dark red flowers in late spring
and summer.
10ft 3m
yellow flowers in mid-spring
are followed by red fruits.
10ft 3m Rhipsalidopsis rosea. See Hatiora
appear in mid-spring.
AD Z6–8 H8–2 10ft

3m 0 BEM Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 AD H11–3 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0
123 Cross-references rosea.
Synonym cross-references
are listed alphabetically.
Plant names Captions

The botanical name is given Captions describe the plants
for each plant, and where in detail and draw attention PLANT HARDINESS ZONES
appropriate, common names to any special uses.
are listed in brackets. A given plant’s growth and survival is determined by its interaction with many
soil and climatic factors over the life of the plant. Among the most important
aspects of climate is temperature, and a plant’s ability to withstand relative low
and high temperatures is referred to as cold-hardiness and heat tolerance,
respectively. To help gardeners select plants for their gardens based on these
factors, the US Department of Agriculture and the American Horticultural
Society have developed maps that divide the United States into recognizable
zones. Based on information gathered at thousands of locations over many
years, the maps and the individual cold-hardiness and heat-zone range codes
that are based on them serve as a reliable guide for choosing plants for
your garden. The zone maps appear on the endpapers of this book.
Abbreviations
The individual codes for cold-hardiness and heat tolerance presented in this
cv(s) cultivar(s) p(p). page(s) subsp. subspecies
book are offered as approximate guides and should not be considered as
f. forma pl. plural syn. synonym(s) absolute. Practicing horticultural techniques such as mulching and winter
illus. illustrated sp. species var. varietas protection will alter a plant’s interaction with its environment and may enable
min. minimum spp. species (pl.) it to survive beyond the zones given in this or other publications.
9
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PLANT NAMES AND ORIGINS
Plants have always been given local names, with the result that many of
them were called by a different name in different regions and countries.
To overcome this problem, a common naming system was devised and
developed into the plant naming system that is now used worldwide.
The binomial system (sycamore); in England it refers to the The genus and its species
Greek and Roman scholars laid the London plane (Platanus x hispanica), and in A family may contain one genus (for
foundations of our plant-naming method, the US both “plane” and “sycamore” are example, Eucryphia is the only genus
but the binomial system used today was used for Platanus occidentalis. Common in the family Eucryphiaceae) or many—
largely established in the 18th century by names may also refer to unrelated plants, the daisy family Compositae has over
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707– as is the case with sea holly (Eryngium), 1,000 genera.
1778). Linnaeus classified each plant with hollyhock (Alcea), and summer holly Each genus comprises related plants,
two Latin words, rather than the descriptive (Arctostaphylos diversifolia), none of which such as oaks (genus Quercus) or lilies
phrases used previously. The first word is a true holly (Ilex). Another problem is (genus Lilium), with several features in
describes the genus (e.g., Ilex) and the that one plant may have several common common, and a genus may contain one
second the epithet (e.g., aquifolium). Together names: heartsease, love-in-idleness, and or many species. For example, a member
they provided a name for a particular plant Johnny-jump-up all refer to Viola tricolor. of the genus Lilium could be any lily, but
species such as Ilex aquifolium (English Lilium candidum denotes just one type.
holly). Other species in the same genus were Botanical divisions A species is a group of plants that
given different epithets such as Ilex crenata Divided into a hierarchy, plants are consistently and naturally reproduce
and Ilex serrata. The system has been classified according to the following themselves, often by seed or vegetatively,
developed by scientists so that the entire groups, which help to identify them: generating plant populations that share

plant kingdom is divided into a universally similar characteristics.

recognized “family tree” (see opposite). The family
Plants are grouped in families according Subspecies, varieties, and forms
The meaning of plant names to the structure of their flowers, fruits, In the wild, even plants of the same species
Plant names are derived from various and other organs. Families may consist can exhibit slight differences, and these are
sources. Some are commemorative—the of clearly related plants, such as orchids split into three subdivisions. The subspecies
Fuchsia is a tribute to German physician (family Orchidaceae), or embrace (subsp.) is a distinct variant of the species;
Leonhart Fuchs—while others indicate a diverse plants as in the family Rosaceae: the variety (var.) differs slightly in its
plant’s geographic origins, as with Parrotia Alchemilla, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, botanical structure; and the form (f.) has
persica (of Persia). A plant may be named Malus, Geum, Prunus, Pyracantha, only minor variations, such as the habit or
after the collector who introduced it, such Sorbus and Spiraea. color of leaf, flower, or fruit.
as Primula forrestii, cultivated by George
Forrest. Alternatively, the name may
describe the plant’s characteristics—for
example, quinquefolia in Parthenocissus
quinquefolia, which means with foliage
made up of five leaflets; it comes from the
Latin quinque (five) and folium (leaf).
A plant name may change because the
plant has been incorrectly identified; or
because it has been given an earlier name;
or because the name has been found to apply
to two different plants; or because new
knowledge changes the plant’s classification.
In this book, synonyms are included so
renamed plants can be easily recognized.
Common names
Although many plants have familiar
common names, botanical names are used
because not all plants possess a common
name, or they may share a name with other
plants. In addition, a common name may
be used in different regions to describe ABOVE Wild origins
Many plant species that subsequently become garden plants are initially found
10 different plants. For example, in Scotland in the wild. The North Cape Province of South Africa is home to many annuals
“plane” refers to Acer pseudoplatanus and succulents, from which breeders have produced new cultivars and hybrids.
Cultivars
Plant breeders are constantly trying to
improve a plant’s performance, and Visual Key to Plant Classification
produce new “cultivars” (a contraction of
cultivated varieties) that are more vigorous, In horticulture, plants are classified according to a hierarchical system
produce more flowers, or possess other and named primarily on the basis of Linnaeus’s binomial approach
favorable characteristics that differentiate (genus followed by species epithet). As an example, part of the family
them from the wild form of the species
Although many cultivars are bred by
Rosaceae family is set out below, showing all levels of this system.
specialists, others are found in the wild or
occur as mutations and are then introduced FAMILY
Rosaceae
to cultivation. To reproduce cultivars that A group of several genera that
share a set of underlying natural
exhibit a consistent set of characteristics, characteristics. Family names
many must be propagated vegetatively usually end in -aceae. Family
(cuttings, grafting, or division) or grown limits are often controversial.
annually from specially selected seed.
Cultivars have vernacular names, which GENUS (PL. GENERA)
are printed in Roman type within single A group of one or more plants
quotes (e.g., Phygelius aequalis ‘Yellow that share a range of distinctive
characteristics. Several (rarely one)
Trumpet’).When plant breeders raise a new genera are classified into one family.
cultivar, it is given a code name that may Each genus contains one or more
be different from the name under which species and its name is printed in
the plant is sold. For example, the rose italic type with an initial capital letter.
Casino also has the code name ‘Macca’; in Rosa Prunus
this book, both names are cited, and styled
like this: Rosa CASINO (‘Macca’).
SPECIES

A group of plants that breeds
Hybrids naturally to produce offspring with
Sexual crosses between botanically distinct similar characteristics; these keep
species or genera are known as hybrids it distinct from other populations
in nature. Each species has a two-
and are indicated by a multiplication sign. part name printed in italic type.
If the cross is between species in different
Rosa rugosa Prunus lusitanica
genera, the result is called an “intergeneric
hybrid,” and when two or more genera are
crossed, the name given is a condensed form SUBSPECIES
of the relevant genera; x Cuprocyparis, for A naturally occurring, distinct
example, covers hybrids between species variant of a species, differing in one
of Chamaecyparis and Cupressus. or more characteristic. Indicated by
“subsp.” in Roman type and an
If more than three genera are involved,
epithet in italic type.
then the hybrids are named after a person
and given the ending “-ara.” Thus x Potinara, Prunus lusitanica
a hybrid of Brassavola, Cattleya, Laelia, and subsp. azorica
Sophronitis, commemorates M. Potin of
the French orchid society. More common VARIETAS AND FORMA
are “interspecific hybrids,” which are A varietas (var.) is a minor species Prunus incisa f.
subdivision, differing slightly in yamadae
crosses between species in the same genus.
These have a collective name preceded by botanical structure. A forma (f.) is
a minor variant of a species, often
a multiplication sign: Epimedium x rubrum
differing in flower color or habit
covers hybrids between E. alpinum and from others in the species.
E. grandiflorum. Rosa gallica var.
When a plant is grafted onto another, a officinalis
new plant occasionally arises that contains
tissues of both parents. These are named CULTIVAR
in the same way as sexual hybrids, but are Selected or artificially raised,
denoted by a plus sign: + Laburnocytisus distinct variant of a species,
adamii, for example, is a graft hybrid subspecies, varietas, forma, or
hybrid. Indicated by a vernacular
between Laburnum and Chamaecytisus.
name printed in Roman type
Cultivars of hybrids are listed under within single quotation marks.
a botanical name, or if the parentage Rosa gallica var.
Prunus ‘Pandora’
is complex, by giving the generic name officinalis ‘Versicolor’
followed solely by the cultivar name 11
(e.g., Rosa ‘Buff Beauty’).
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CREATING
A GARDEN
A beautiful garden is everyone’s dream, and this chapter
provides all the information you need to create stunning beds
and borders. There is helpful advice on choosing color schemes,
including dazzling hot beds, relaxing pastel designs, and elegant
white displays, as well as ideas for using plant forms and
textures to create arresting images throughout the year. There
are also tips to help you select a garden style, whether you prefer
the informality of a cottage garden or the ordered symmetry of
a formal design. Practical advice on a range of gardening
techniques, including preparing the soil, planting methods,
and pruning basics, completes the picture.
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INSPIRATIONAL STYLES
There are many different garden styles, and whether a look that suits both your home and lifestyle if you
you yearn for neat, symmetrical formality, informal are to get the best from your outdoor space. Also
cottage-garden abundance, Japanese minimalism, think about how much time you have to maintain
or contemporary urban chic, it is important to select your design, as this will affect your range of choices.

ABOVE Formal by design

Formal gardens form knot gardens. If space allows, avenues The use of symmetry, clear simple geometric shapes,
A successful formal garden has a balanced of trees may line paths to accentuate vistas and clipped topiary and hedges are typical of the
design, achieved through symmetry and a and draw the eye to a distant focal point. formal style. The reflective pool and rills bounce
light into this primarily green planting scheme.
clear ground plan. Essential characteristics Balustrades, steps, terraces, and wide
are straight lines; order and geometry; and gravel pathways are all key features, with flexible style. The overall layout can be
clearly delineated garden areas. Organized the range of hard-landscaping materials, completely symmetrical, or you can choose
around a central axis or pathway, formal such as gravel and regular paving stones, to adopt just a few formal elements in a
gardens often focus on a key view through kept to a minimum. Decorative elements, more contemporary design. For example,
the garden from the house. The geometry such as cobble mosaics or brick designs, one axis can be more dominant than
is clear, but generous scale and balanced are also popular in formal gardens. Other another, or a series of balanced, rectangular
proportions are key considerations. features include classical ornaments, such beds can be veiled with soft, romantic
Geometric shapes feature strongly, but as Versailles cases, urns and statuary, planting. Another modern interpretation
any regular symmetrical shape can be used and topiary, which is often used as a focal of the formal style is a paved courtyard
as long as it sits on at least one axis. Lawns point. Water is an important element, and garden with architectural planting, large-
and clipped hedges are important features, pools with reflective surfaces or jets and scale containers, and a small water feature.
the latter defining spaces or views, while fountains appear in many formal designs. Many formal designs also require very
14 dwarf boxwood hedges can be used to edge Although the rules of formality are little maintenance, apart from annual hedge
borders, create decorative parterres, or simple and clear, it is still a remarkably clipping and shrub pruning.
Informal gardens for nesting and shelter. An informal pond
Country gardens, cottage gardens, wildlife is usually a feature, to provide homes for
gardens, and prairie-style plantings are all amphibians, reptiles, and insects.
informal designs. Unlike formal schemes, Gardeners with more space may opt for a
they allow a greater degree of flexibility wildflower meadow. These require a sunny
in the design and planting plans. site and infertile soil for the rich profusion
of native wild flowers and grasses to thrive.
Cottage gardens
Cottage gardens are traditionally simple RIGHT Prairie-style plantings
in layout, often with a central path leading Prairie-style gardens combine the soft, feathery effects
of grasses with the muted hues of perennials. Planted
to the main door and planting beds filled in informal drifts, this late summer scheme includes
with flowers, herbs, and vegetables on eupatorium, echinacea, and sedum.
either side. If the garden is large enough,
it may also include more naturalistic areas, BELOW Cottage-garden informality and abundance
The profuse pink flowers of a climbing rose clambering
such as orchards, meadows, and informal over an arbor echo the equally abundant planting of
wildlife ponds. cottage-garden perennials in the beds below.
The edges of flower beds are softened
by a rich profusion of planting, with the
flowers encouraged to flop over the path
and self-seed at random. Typical cottage
garden plants include hellebores, lungworts
(Pulmonaria), grape hyacinths (Muscari),
aquilegias, and species daffodils and tulips
in spring, with hardy geraniums, lilies,
lupines, poppies, campanulas, delphiniums,

hollyhocks (Alcea rosea), and peonies in
summer. Plants are often chosen for their
range of flower forms, textures, and colors.
Edible crops, such as herbs, vegetables,
and fruit trees and bushes, are mixed
with the ornamental plants, adding to the
atmosphere of abundance and informality.
Natural stone, brick, cobbles, and slate
are the best materials for hard landscaping,
while simple post-and-rail or picket fences
are ideal for boundaries and divisions.
Country gardens
Country gardens also have a relaxed
style, with sweeping expanses of lawn
and curved, flower-filled mixed beds
and borders. Hedges are often used to
divide the garden into a series of enclosed
spaces with different planting designs
and atmospheres in each.
Prairie and wildlife gardens

Prairie planting, championed by many
contemporary designers, echoes the tightly
woven density of cottage-garden planting
by combining broad sweeps of ornamental
grasses and sturdy perennials. Grasses
such as stipas and calamagrostis are
threaded through perennials, such as
rudbeckias, echinaceas, heleniums, and
asters. Prairie schemes suit large open
sites in full sun where the bold swaths
of planting produce the best effects.
Wildlife gardens are designed to provide
habitats for birds, insects, and mammals.
Domestic gardens can also be wildlife
gardens, with naturalistic planting schemes 15
comprising nectar-rich flowers, and trees
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Mediterranean gardens
There are two types of gardens associated
with the Mediterranean region: formal and
informal. The formal gardens feature water
and stone, as well as clipped hedges and
specimen trees such as pencil cypresses.
Decorative parterres are also common,
with the plants selected for foliage rather
than flower color. In some gardens in
Spain, such as El Alhambra in Granada,
there is a strong Moorish influence, with
formal courtyards and water features.
However, the most attainable garden
style has an informal structure and relaxed,
Mediterranean atmosphere. Gravel is the
main hard landscaping material, and it is
used between areas of planting and to
create pathways. Plants native to this region
of Europe often have silvery, sage, gray-
green, or blue-tinted foliage, which reflects
the strong summer sun. Olive trees, citrus
fruits, figs, vines, santolinas, and artemisias,
as well as herbs like thyme, sage, lavender,
and rosemary, are popular planting choices.
Another informal approach, often seen
in urban areas, is to create a courtyard with

ABOVE Mediterranean planting

walls that have been painted white, warm Desert gardens Drought-tolerant plants, including spiky
terra-cotta, or bold blues or pinks. Mosaic- Dramatic, chic, and starkly beautiful, desert phormiums, rock roses, and artemisias, thrive
tiled walls, cobbled floors, and terra-cotta gardens have become very fashionable in in the gravel of a Mediterranean-style garden
on a hot, sunny hillside.
pots planted with bright pelargoniums or hot, frost-free locations with low rainfall.
white Convolvulus cneorum complete the Pale-colored walls, gravel, rocks, boulders,
Mediterranean theme. If you live in a cooler and driftwood are features, together with Japanese gardens
climate, a sun-drenched courtyard will also tough, drought-tolerant plants like cacti The Japanese garden style is designed
provide some shelter for tender plants. and succulents, such as agaves, aloes, and to reflect the natural landscape using a
Hot, south-facing gardens call for a shady yuccas, which do not need extra irrigation limited planting palette to produce quiet,
arbor or pergola festooned with flowering in these hostile environments. In the right contemplative spaces. The key to creating
climbers, such as bougainvilleas or place, a desert garden is very eco-friendly, a successful Japanese garden is to consider
jasmine, to create a comfortable area for as it focuses on native plants that thrive how the main elements, such as boulders,
alfresco dining or relaxation. with little water. gravel, and plants, relate to one another, and
how they are connected both symbolically
and spiritually to the natural world.
In many instances, traditional Japanese
spiritual beliefs are fundamental to the
designs. The ancient religion of Shinto,
and the Buddhist teachings that were
introduced later, both celebrate nature, and
all natural elements are regarded as sacred
and worthy of respect. In Zen gardens, key
elements are used to create representations
of natural landscapes. For example, raked
gravel is used to echo flowing water, with
stones symbolizing islands, boats, or
animals. The gravel is raked daily, a ritual
viewed by Buddhists as an important aid
to contemplation, and the gardens often
include little or no planting, relying on
moss and lichens rather than on large,
dramatic plants.
The cultivation of beauty as a spiritual
activity is also reflected in Japanese tea
ABOVE Cool Mediterranean courtyard ABOVE Japanese contemplative space gardens in which a roji (dewy path) is lit
A Mediterranean courtyard, with gleaming white walls Natural materials, such as carefully positioned rocks
16 and floor that help reflect the heat of the sun, is perfect and gravel, plants like acers and pines, and ornamental by stone lanterns and leads the visitor on
for growing sun-loving agapanthus. lanterns, are typical features of a Japanese garden. a journey past water basins, stone buddhas
and other spiritual symbols to the
ceremonial tea house. These gardens are
more heavily planted, and include maples
(Acer), pines, azaleas, and camellias,
which are subjected to a strict pruning
regimen to restrict their size and create
miniature forms of larger trees or shrubs.
The planting does not focus solely on
evergreens and there are splashes of
color in the form of cherry blossom and
camellias in the spring, elegant summer
irises, and the fiery fall foliage of the maples
contributing to the seasonal display.
Contemporary gardens
With many of us living increasingly urban
lives, contemporary gardens have had to
fulfill a number of different functions,
providing a space for planting, relaxation,
play, and entertaining. Modern urban
gardens can differ in emphasis, and be
treated either as purely functional spaces
in which hard surfaces prevail along with
furniture, lighting effects, and water
features to create the ultimate outdoor

room, or as green oases in which the
planting dominates.
The layout of an urban garden is
generally based on simple lines, often
with an asymmetrical floor plan, and uses
a combination of natural and man-made
materials, such as concrete, glass, plastic,
ABOVE Contemporary urban chic
acrylic, and steel, to provide textural Tropical gardens This urban, split-level garden with its integral benches
interest. Furniture often takes the form Although this style of garden is best suited shows how contemporary outdoor areas can function
of integral benches, stylishly coordinated to tropical and warm-temperate regions, on many different levels—both as outdoor rooms and
as areas for lawns and beautiful plants.
tables and chairs, and recliners, while where the native plants are naturally lush,
sculpture provides a focal point, and can a similar effect can be created in cooler BELOW Tropical abundance
be combined with water. Jets or cascades climates with the careful selection of plants. The striking leaves of elephant ears (Alocasia) provide
a dramatic focal point in an exotic, junglelike garden.
are popular, but tanks of reflective water The design is informal, with man-made Bright sparks of color are provided by the vibrant red
are becoming increasingly popular. structures made from rough-hewn timber cannas that stand out amid the lush green foliage.
and unworked stone, reflecting the
Contemporary planting designs traditional crafts of people living in tropical
As space can be limited in today’s urban environments. Water plays a large part in
gardens, the planting often focuses on a designs, mimicking the landscapes that
more limited choice of species, and those inspired the style, with waterfalls, streams,
that provide architectural interest. Grasses, and, occasionally, swimming pools adding
bamboos, and large-leaved foliage plants, to the lush picture.
such as the hardy banana (Musa basjoo), A tropical garden is a celebration of
phormiums, and cordylines are popular foliage shapes, textures, and colors.
in contemporary schemes. Taller species such as eucalyptus, palms,
Modernist designs employ large block bamboos, and cordylines provide height,
plantings of boxwood (Buxus), or small with the space below filled with lower-
festucas and ophiopogons. These may be growing shrubs, grasses, and flowering
used in conjunction with pleached trees perennials, such as birds-of-paradise
planted along the boundaries to provide (Strelitzia) and streptocarpus.
privacy in overlooked gardens. Dramatic This exciting look can be created in
containers made from clay, stone, or steel temperate areas with exotic architectural
can be used as focal points or lined up plants including tree ferns, bamboos,
in a row to add drama and rhythm to fatsias, ferns, phormiums, and hardy
the design. Popular plants for containers bananas (Musa basjoo). For shots of bright
include clipped topiary boxwood, bay detail, use vibrant canna lilies, white arum
or Japanese holly (Ilex crenata), bamboo, lilies (Zantedeschia), dahlias, crocosmias, 17
succulents like agaves, or bold grasses. agapanthus, and lobelias.
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ASSESSING YOUR SITE AND SOIL
It is important to discover as much as possible about as your plant choices will be determined by these
the conditions in your garden before you start planning factors. Check the exposure, which influences
and planting. Take note of the local environment and the sun and shade in a garden, and the soil type,
climate, as well as the topography and soil conditions, to discover its moisture and nutrient content.
Understanding exposure
Determining how much sun and shade
your garden receives is of paramount
importance when making plant selections.
Some plants prefer full sun, for example,
while others need partial or full shade to
thrive. You can use a compass to work out
which way areas or borders face. Those
facing south will be in sun for most of the
day, while those that face north will be
shady. East-facing areas have morning
sun and evening shade, while the opposite
applies to those facing west.
Patterns of sun and shade also change
throughout the day, and a garden that is in
full sun at midday may have areas of shade
in the morning and late afternoon. For this

reason, it is wise to study your garden on

a sunny day and make a note of the way
shadows move around the yard. Remember,
too, that the seasons can affect the level of Assessing microclimates ABOVE Plants that thrive in sun
Alliums, with their dramatic globes of rich pinkish-purple
sunlight in a garden; for example, an area Variations in the conditions in different flowers, thrive in open, sunny sites, and make great
that is in sun in the summer could be in parts of a yard are described as “micro- partners for other sun-lovers, like catmints and salvias.
constant shade during the winter, which climates,” and may include frost pockets at
may have an effect on evergreens that the bottom of a slope, sheltered hot spots
need a sunny site to thrive. by a warm wall, areas of wind turbulence, Types of soil
However much sun your garden receives, and exposed sites. Rather than limit your Knowing your soil type is key to growing
there are plenty of plants to choose from plant choice, microclimates actually allow healthy plants. It is always preferable to
that will thrive in those conditions. As well you to grow a wider range of plants, so select those that thrive in the soil you
as plants for sun or shade, there are many note the temperature, water levels, and have, rather than fighting it by trying to
that are happy with a bit of both. air and wind circulation around your yard. grow plants that are not adapted to your
conditions, as they will inevitably suffer.
There are three main types of soil:
sand, clay, and silt. They are categorized
according to the size of the soil particles,
which determines the amount of water
and plant food they can hold. Most garden
soils are a combination of sand and clay,
with one type dominating the mix; the ideal
soil is “loam,” which contains almost equal
measures of sand and clay.
Sandy soil Sandy soil particles are
relatively large and water drains freely
through the spaces between them. As
a result, the soil is free-draining, but
because plant nutrients are dissolved in
water, it is also quite infertile. Sandy soil
is ideal for Mediterranean plants.
Clay soils Clay particles are minute, and
trap moisture in the gaps between them.
LEFT Growing shade-lovers

Shade-loving plants, such as the hart’s-tongue fern
18 (Asplenium scolopendrium), flourish under the light
shade provided by silver birch trees (Betula pendula).
TESTING YOUR SOIL
An easy way to find out what type of soil you
have is to dig up a small sample and roll it
between your fingers to feel the texture. Soil
with a high water content can be rolled into a
ball. You can also use a simple kit to test the pH.
Sandy and silty soil

Soil rich in sand feels gritty between your fingers;
silty soil feels silky. Both fall apart when rolled into
a ball. Sandy soil is easy to dig, and warms up
quickly in spring. You may also find that borderline
hardy plants survive winters better in these dry soils.

The particles are also porous, so these soils ABOVE Plants that thrive in dry, sandy soil
are very moisture-retentive and rich in Dry, sandy soil and a sunny site provide the perfect
conditions for many euphorbias, California poppies,
nutrients. However, clay soils can become bulbs like eremurus, and succulents such as agaves.
waterlogged in wet conditions and form
impenetrable crusts when dry. They are
ideal for “hungry” plants like fruit trees. Worms and microorganisms will then Clay soil
Silt soils Pure silt soils are rare, usually work it into the soil. Smooth, sticky, and dense, clay soil retains its shape
occurring on river plains. They have a The structure and drainage of heavy clay when molded into a ball, and soil with a very high
clay content remains intact even when rolled into
high nutrient content, but can become soils can also be improved by the addition
a horseshoe. Clay soil is often described as “heavy”
compacted and waterlogged like clay. of horticultural grit. Simply dig the grit soil because it is difficult to dig.
Loam With almost equal proportions of into the soil over a large area. In extreme
sand and clay, loam offers the best of all circumstances, very heavy, waterlogged
worlds, retaining enough water for plant soils may require drains.
roots to absorb, but allowing excess moisture
to drain away and preventing waterlogging. Understanding pH
It also holds on to nutrients well, making it The pH of a soil is a measure of its acidity
the perfect garden soil for most plants. or alkalinity, which also influences the
types of plants you can grow successfully.
Improving your soil It is measured on a scale from 1 to 14;
Whether you have a dry, sandy soil or a neutral soil has a pH of 7, a number
sticky clay one, your plants will grow better below this indicates acidic soil, and
if you improve its quality by applying alkaline soils have a pH above 7. A precise
plenty of organic matter, such as well-rotted measurement can be obtained by
farmyard manure, garden compost, or performing a simple soil test (see right). Using a pH test kit
spent mushroom compost. Organic matter Although many plants are tolerant of a wide You can buy pH test kits from garden centers. Place
coats sandy soil particles, helping them to pH range, there are some that are adapted a small soil sample in the tube and add the solution
provided with the kit. Wait until the solution changes
retain more water, while it also opens up to particular soil type. Rhododendrons,
color, and then match it to the chart. Take a few
the structure of clay soils, allowing water azaleas, and heathers (Erica), for example, readings from different areas of the garden, as they
to drain more easily. require acidic soil, while lilacs (Syringa may have different pH values.
Either dig it into the soil when preparing vulgaris) and the pineapple broom (Cytisus 19
for planting or lay a thick layer as a mulch. battandieri) grow best in alkaline soil.
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DESIGNING WITH PLANTS
There is a plant for every situation, be it a tree, shrub, one or two groups for a contemporary look. The key
perennial, annual, or bulb. When designing with to success is to vary shapes, textures, and colors, and
plants, you can include examples from all the plant consider how each plant will work with others in your
groups to ensure year-round interest, or focus on just border and in the garden as a whole.
Defining plant groups

Different plant groups fulfill different
functions in a design, and understanding
how each can be used to best effect will
help you to create a balanced, coordinated
display. Trees, large shrubs, and some
climbers provide the framework for a
planting scheme, offering permanent
structure, height, and depth, as well as
color and texture. Midrange plants include
smaller shrubs, herbaceous perennials,
some bulbs, and grasses. They help to
define the style of your garden, and provide
seasonal interest with their flowers and
foliage. Focal plants offer eye-catching
accents, drawing the eye to a border or
vista, while groundcover plants create

a low mat of leaves and blooms at a lower

level. Annuals and biennials will put
on a show from spring to early fall in
containers, and fill the gaps between more
permanent planting groups in borders. dramatic displays of flowers in spring and ABOVE Creating structural features with plants
colorful foliage in fall. Hedges not only The combination of deciduous hedging and linden trees,
with angular yew buttresses and sculptural boxwood
Structural plants define boundaries, but also offer shelter balls, creates a dramatic contrast of textures and forms.
Permanent structural plants, such as and create privacy. Evergreen hedges make
trees, shrubs, and hedges, make a vital colorful year-round screens and backdrops a green foliage backdrop for smaller
contribution to the shape and form of the for other planting groups, while deciduous midrange plants and groundcover.
garden, and identifying these key plants, hedges allow in more light and offer You can also use structural plants to
and deciding where to position them, is the seasonal color. Either type can be formal or frame or block out views, and to lead the
first step in producing a coherent design. informal in style, with leaf size, color, and eye around the garden. In addition, trees
Evergreens provide year-round interest, flowers to consider. Leafy shrubs work in and shrubs can help to create a visual link
while deciduous trees and shrubs inject much the same way as hedges, providing between the garden and the landscape
beyond, extending the display. Repeated
plants will also help to make connections
between different areas of the garden and
different planting areas.
Structural plants come in many different
forms and shapes; for example, they may
be rounded and neat, such as choisyas
and photinias; spiky and textural, like
mahonias, hollies, and yuccas; or looser in
form, such as laburnums, weeping pears, or
garryas. Many plants can be manipulated
to create artificial structural effects, such as
climbers clambering over arches, arbors,
and pergolas, or along walls. Others can
be clipped into topiary shapes; boxwood,
yew, and holly are all good candidates for
topiary balls, pyramids, and spirals.
LEFT Creating focal plants

In this beautiful country garden, naturalized tulips in
vibrant shades create a carpet of spring color. The focal
20 plant of this design is the light-reflecting white blossoms
and architectural shape of a Malus floribunda.
Focal plants appearing again in spring, they are not are the trees and shrubs, with acers,
These are key specimen plants that can be able to perform the same role as the more cotoneasters, and cotinus all injecting
used to catch the eye in a bed or border, permanent woody plants. foliage color. Team them with late-flowering
in the center of a lawn, or at the end of a perennials such as asters. The winter
pathway. Most focal plants are evergreen Groundcover plants garden also provides seasonal interest,
or have a distinctive shape or foliage form, Not only are groundcover plants highly with witch hazels (Hamamelis), and
but they can also include seasonal plants ornamental, providing a tapestry of color, sarcococcas offering fragrant flowers, and
that perform for short periods of the year, texture, and form, they also create a blanket color provided by the stems of dogwoods
providing an accent when it is needed most. over the soil, helping to suppress weeds. (Cornus) and willow (Salix), and berries
Use focal plants to direct the eye to key Groundcover plants are not restricted to of hawthorns, hollies, and viburnums.
areas of interest, or as signposts to guide low-growing types, however, and include a
the visitor around the garden. Phormiums, range of shapes and sizes, the only proviso
acers, yuccas, cardoons, and white- being that they form a dense canopy.
stemmed birches will lead the eye to a A dry, sunny site makes an ideal home
particular area or distract attention away for drought-tolerant flowering plants, such
from unsightly features, like garbage cans. as dwarf genistas, helianthemums, and
sedums. Leafy groundcover plants include
Midrange plants thyme and other mat-forming herbs, Hebe
This group of plants are of medium height, pinguifolia, Santolina chamaecyparissus,
and include the vast array of herbaceous and catmint (Nepeta). A cool, shady site
perennials, bulbs like tulips, daffodils and is perfect for groundcover plants such as
alliums, deciduous grasses, and, to a lesser Cornus canadensis, Geranium macrorrhizum,
extent, small shrubs, including compact and epimediums under trees, and
hebes and shrubby potentillas. bergenias, hellebores, and ferns by a
Some of the most effective midrange wall where the soil is reasonably moist.

plants rely on their leaf shape and texture
for interest more than their blooms, Seasonal interest
although seasonal flower color is an By combining different plant groups
important feature of many and makes an and selecting those with a succession of
exciting statement when plants are used seasonal highlights, you can easily create
en masse in a border. When grouped a garden with year-round appeal.
together, those with strong foliage forms, In spring, focus on flowering trees, such
such as acanthus, hostas, ligularias, and as cherries, crab apples, magnolias, and ABOVE Using midrange plants
rodgersias, also create bold plantings, or plums, as well as bulbs like hyacinths, Midrange plants like hostas are ideal feature plants
for a mixed shady border. Repeating plants down the
they can be used to separate plants with muscari, crocus, daffodils, and tulips length of the border brings cohesion to the design.
looser flowers or foliage forms. that provide color. Summer brings an
Midrange plants contribute to the explosion of flowering perennials, annuals, BELOW Creating winter interest
The golden yellow flowers of Mahonia x media ‘Lionel
structure of the garden, but because many and bulbs, offering a range of colors, Fortescue’ make a striking contrast with the flame red
are perennial, dying down in late fall and heights, and flower shapes. The fall stars stems of Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ in a winter border.
ABOVE Blanketing the ground with plants

Santolinas, with their buttonlike, yellow flowers, make
excellent groundcover plants in a gravel planting in full 21
sun, and associate beautifully with spiky eryngiums.
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USING COLOR
Color choice is largely about personal preferences, affect colors and that some visually leap forward,
but there are some useful theories on how to match stealing the limelight, while others are more
and blend colors that will help you create pleasing recessive. Color can also affect mood and tone, so
combinations. Remember, too, that light and shade choose carefully to create the desired atmosphere.
Combining colors and pale orange. Harmonious colors

Before selecting colors for your beds and can create different moods, depending
borders, it is a good idea to familiarize on whether you choose hot reds and
yourself with some of the principles of color oranges or cool blues and greens.
theory, which will help you combine them Triadic color schemes are created by
more successfully. selecting three colors that are spaced
Many designers use the color wheel to equally apart on the wheel. Green, orange,
make their choices. The wheel is divided and purple is one example. The contrasting
into primary, secondary, and tertiary hues can create eye-catching combinations.
colors. The primary colors are red, blue
and yellow, and when mixed they create PR IM A RY
the secondary colors, green, orange, and
purple. In this way, the primaries blue
ABOVE Triadic colors
and red produce secondary purple; red Green, orange, and purple are triadic colors. Using
RY T ER
and yellow produce secondary orange; and IA TIA them together creates a sense of exuberance, as
RT
SE
RY
RY
TE shown by the fall shades of this group of shrubs.
CO
DA
yellow and blue produce secondary green.

ON
ND
Tertiary colors are produced by mixing
SE C
ARY

adjacent primary and secondary colors.
T ER T I A RY
T ER T I A RY
The color wheel can help you create

harmonious and contrasting schemes.
For example, colors directly opposite one
another on the wheel, such as yellow and
purple or red and green, are considered to
PRI
ARY
be “complementary.” When placed next TE
RT RY
MA
IAR TIA IM
to each other, these contrasting colors Y T ER
RY
PR
create a sense of vibrancy and excitement.

Colors that sit next to each other on SE C O N DA R Y
the wheel are known as “harmonious” or ABOVE The color wheel

“analogous” colors and create a sense of Frequently employed by garden designers, the color
wheel is a simple visual device that shows how to
order. Examples of harmonious colors are combine colors successfully, whether you want a ABOVE Harmonious combination
blue, purple, and pink, and green, yellow, vibrant scheme or a muted, harmonious grouping. This border combines adjoining colors: the pale pink
Dictamnus purpureus, purple-pink Allium ‘Purple
Sensation’, and a burgundy-red Berberis at the back.
ABOVE Tints and shades

This scheme of pale mauve campanulas, darker purple
phlox, and deep pink geraniums uses tints of mauve
together with pink to create a balanced scheme.
LEFT Complementary colors

The contrasting blue-purple veronicas and bright yellow
22 inulas show how hues on opposite sides of the wheel
produce an exciting contrast that draws the eye.
TEXTURE AND PATTERN
Mixing contrasting plant textures creates
a lively effect in a border. Combine glossy
and matt, or furry and rough foliage to
make an impact. Look, too, at leaf patterns
and match a variety of shapes and sizes
to add to the interest.
Shiny and glossy

Many hollies (Ilex) have glossy leaves that
reflect light. Their spiny leaves also add impact
to a border, or they can be used as focal plants.

Tints and shades ABOVE Hot fiery border
As well as selecting colors from the color Hot-hued plants in shades of red, orange, and yellow Soft and furry
are guaranteed to brighten up a garden. This fiery
wheel, also consider the effects of tints, Plants like lamb’s ears (Stachys byzantina)
border is perfect for a sunny spot.
shades, and tones. As a rule, pure hues or and sages have a compelling tactile quality.
BELOW Cool pastel shades Plant them at the front of a border where
saturated colors are more intense, while The purple flowers of Salvia x sylvestris ‘Mainacht’ and they are easy to reach and enjoy.
colors that have been mixed together are the deeper purple leaves of Persicaria microcephala
less vibrant. More subtle colors can be ‘Red Dragon’ contrast with green grasses and green-
flowered Angelica archangelica. The silvery leaves of
created by lightening colors using white Heuchera ‘Beauty Color’ are also veined with purple,
to create a tint, or darkening them by thus continuing the silver-purple theme.
adding black to create a shade. When
gray is added to a hue, it creates a tone.
Tints and shades can be used as
transitional colors between stronger hues
and help to blend one color into another.
However, too many muted shades can
look a bit lifeless, so be sure to inject some Rough and crinkled
stronger colors into your planting schemes The coarse-textured leaves of this decorative
to create highlights. vine (Vitis coignetiae), are held on twisted,
gnarled stems that wrap around its support.
Creating moods and

focal points with color
Color can convey a mood or message, and
has a powerful effect on the atmosphere
in a garden. For instance, vivid, hot colors,
such as crimson, scarlet, magenta, golden
yellow, and orange, generate a feeling of
excitement, while cool colors like pale blue,
pale pink, mauve, muted grays, and blue- Lacelike tracery
greens create a tranquil feeling. Use these The soft, feathery foliage of an artemisia
colors to produce different moods in your provides a foil for larger-leaved plants that like
the same sunny conditions, such as sedums.
garden, perhaps creating a sizzling scheme 23
of hot hues by the house and cooler tones
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YEAR-ROUND INTEREST in a shady woodland area at the far end Creating a succession
of the garden. Another option is to use the of year-round color
same bed or border to change in mood When selecting plants, try to include a
When choosing plants for your garden, try
to include a selection of feature trees and as the seasons progress, with bright range that flower or are at their peak at
shrubs that have more than one season daffodils and tulips in spring, followed different times of the year to sustain the
of interest. There is a wide range of trees by herbaceous summer plantings in blues, interest. This is particularly important
and shrubs, both deciduous and evergreen, purples, pale pinks, and whites, and then in small gardens, where the planting is
that perform for most of the year. fiery foliage color in the fall. on view year-round.
Single-color-themed borders, be they Consider the merits of each plant,
white and cream or varying shades of including size, habit, leaf shape, texture and
yellow, look highly sophisticated and color, flowers, and fruit. For a prolonged
produce a satisfying cohesion. The display, focus on foliage, either evergreen
restricted plant choices can also make for constant color, or deciduous, which in
designing a little easier. most cases endures from spring to fall.
You can also use color to draw attention This leafy mix provides a backdrop for the
to a particular feature or planting area. To succession of flowers that appear. When
produce this effect, make sure your plants choosing flowering plants, remember that
contrast with the surroundings to increase many have beautiful seedheads, including
Cornus alba their visibility. For example, a single, bright love-in-a-mist (Nigella), poppies, eryngiums,
A deciduous shrub with white flowers in late orange plant against a recessive background and sedums, that provide two seasons
spring, as well as striking red shoots in winter. color, such as green or blue, will create
The leaves turn red or orange in fall. of interest. Also use containers to add
an effective accent. Planting schemes that an extra dimension to borders and deck
combine swaths of warm and cool colors displays; one large planter can be used
also work well, with the cooler colors for four different seasonal displays.
providing a foil for the hot hues.
You can also exploit the way in which Spring

colors can alter perceptions of distance. When spring makes a welcome

For instance, bright reds and oranges appearance, the garden is soon awash
planted at the end of a garden have a with color. Some is provided by spring-
foreshortening effect, making the garden flowering trees and shrubs, such as
appear shorter, while pale colors can amelanchiers, ornamental cherries, apples,
Mahonia x media ‘Charity’ make the garden seem longer. plums, and almonds (Prunus), magnolias,
Mahonias have shiny evergreen foliage, plus some viburnums, camellias, and
yellow flowers and purple or black fruits. forsythias, as well as a host of tough rock
‘Charity’ has scented yellow flowers in winter. The effects of light plants, including aubretias, saxifrages, and
and shade
The way that we perceive color is
influenced by the amount of light it
receives. Sunny borders will make colors
appear bolder and brighter, while shady
areas enhance more subtle colors and
white. The colors of plants can therefore
change depending on their location, the
degree of shade cast on them, and the
Nandina domestica time of day. For example, pale colors that
The leaves of this evergreen shrub have red produce beautiful effects in the early
tints in spring and fall. Small white summer morning or evening may be bleached out
flowers are followed by bright red berries.
by strong midday sunlight. Bear this in
mind if you tend to use your garden at
a particular time of day. If you work and
sit outside mainly in the evenings, choose
white and pale flowers that take on a
luminous quality in the fading light.
Choose colors that produce the best
effects for different areas of the garden. Plant
reds, oranges, bright pinks, and yellows in
sunny spaces, as they will look muddy in the
Prunus x subhirtella shade. Nature often makes this choice for
‘Autumnalis Rosea’ you, as many hot-hued flowers need a sunny
This cherry tree has tiny, pale pink flowers that spot to thrive. Woodland plants, on the other Spring match
appear in winter. The green leaves are bronze Create a balanced display in your borders with a
hand, tend to produce flowers in whites,
when young, turning golden-yellow in fall. mixture of tulips, such as ’Bleu Aimable’, scented
24 pastel shades of yellow, pink and purple, and biennial wallflowers (Erysimum), and dainty violas
blues, all of which show up better in shade. providing color in the foreground.
violas. Add to these a selection of bulbs and early summer to late in the season, while sorbus, nyssa, and most forms of smoke
corms, starting with snowdrops (Galanthus) jasmine, honeysuckle, and the frothy flat tree (Cotinus).
in late winter or early spring, and followed heads of climbing hydrangea (Hydrangea Late-flowering perennials, such
by crocuses, grape hyacinths (Muscari), petiolaris) are other strong performers. as Michaelmas daisies (Aster) and
daffodils (Narcissus), and tulips (Tulipa). Perennials are the real stars of the chrysanthemums, as well as dahlias with
As the majority of these bold displays of summer border. There are thousands their rich variety of flower shapes and
bulbs die down, they are followed by spring- to choose from, including early summer- colors, brighten up the garden until
flowering azaleas and rhododendrons, flowering aquilegias, and many geraniums the arrival of the first frosts. Grasses are
which provide a wealth of colors, and lupines, followed by campanulas, also key features of these cooler months.
including magenta, pink, crimson, scarlet, salvias, achilleas, and hemerocallis, with Pampas grasses (Cortaderia), fountain
golden yellow, and white. As the new heleniums, rudbeckias, and echinaceas grasses (Pennisetum), and Stipa
leaves unfurl in late spring, blue ceanothus appearing later in the season. Biennials, calamagrostis produce feather- and brush-
and the scented flowers of viburnums and such as foxgloves, make great partners like seedheads at this time of the year.
lilacs enhance the spring garden further. for shade-loving perennials, while
hardy and half hardy annuals produce Winter
Summer an explosion of color in borders and During winter, flower interest is limited,
As temperatures rise and light levels container displays. but valuable sources include the scented
increase, the garden is filled with a Hardy annuals, such as California blooms of winter box (Sarcococca) and
profusion of perennials, annuals, and poppies (Eschscholzia californica), annual witch hazels (Hamamelis). Bold sculptural
biennials. Not many trees put on their best mallows (Malope), and the shoo-fly plant shapes and foliage color provided by
performance in summer, but shrubs are (Nicandra) flower for months on end, evergreens is of most importance now,
a key source of color. Roses start to bloom offering great value for the money, and self- with conifers, boxwood (Buxus), and ivy
early in the season, many continuing seeding to produce a repeat performance (Hedera) coming into their own.
well into fall. Other beautiful summer- the following summer. Together with half- Deciduous trees and shrubs also play
flowering shrubs include sweetly scented hardy annuals, like cosmos, impatiens, an important role, their intricate skeletons
mock oranges (Philadelphus), lavender, lobelia, and petunias, they provide color of stems clearly visible at this time of year.
hibiscus, and the flowering dogwoods throughout the season, often only ceasing Think, too, about bark color and texture;

(Cornus). Even those that flowered in to flower when the frosts arrive in fall. white-stemmed birches (Betula) and the
spring still play their part by providing polished coppery-brown stems of Prunus
a leafy backdrop to the flowers that offer Fall serrula are favorite trees, while brightly
the main show at this time of year. As summer fades, the foliage of many colored dogwood (Cornus) and willow
Many climbers are also in full swing trees and shrubs flares into the fiery colors (Salix) stems make exciting focal points.
in summer. There are a vast number of of fall. Some of the best choices for this Enhance the winter scene further with
clematis species and hybrids to choose seasonal display are maples, some cherries, berried shrubs, such as hollies (Ilex),
from, providing color in the garden from amelanchiers, liquidambars, cotoneasters, pyracanthas, and sorbus.
Summer profusion Fall brights Frosted features

Perennials often lead the border chorus at this time Most perennials are dying down at this time of year, Winter is a quiet time in the garden, but there is
of year. Crocosmias and veronicastrums provide color but a few leave their best performance for last. Sedums still beauty to be found in the form of stark borders
and form, with the pinky-purple domes of stately and asters are key features of the fall border, here filled with frost-encrusted grasses and the enduring 25
eupatoriums offering background color. offset by buff grasses and red-leaved Euonymus alata. seedheads of perennials such as sedums.
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BASIC PLANTING TECHNIQUES
Once you have planned your garden, and assessed year after year. Choose a mild day when the soil is
the exposure and soil, you can begin planting. Giving not frozen or waterlogged and, before starting, make
new plants a good start by improving soil will result sure the soil is free of weeds. Water all plants well
in strong, healthy specimens that put on a display in preparation, and water them again after planting.
Choosing healthy plants

Before going to the garden center or
nursery, make a list of your chosen plants,
and try to stick to it, to avoid making
impulsive purchases. If some of the plants
are not available, remember to check
the eventual size and required growing
conditions of any substitutes to make
sure they will fulfill your needs.
Check each plant to ensure that you have
chosen the healthiest specimen. Look at
the leaves and stems for signs of pests and
diseases, and reject any plant with wilted Remove the weeds Feed the soil
foliage. Then turn over the pot and check When weeding, try to remove the root systems When making a new bed or border, enrich the soil by
completely to prevent the weeds from growing back. digging in well-rotted organic matter, such as manure
to see if there is a mass of roots growing Pernicious weeds, such as ground elder and bindweed, or garden compost, before planting. Apply organic
through the drainage holes, a sign that the may need to be treated with a weedkiller. matter as a mulch around plants on existing beds.
plant is “rootbound” and has been growing

in the pot for too long. Finally, select plants You can apply a weedkiller, if necessary, to cleared, enrich the soil with organic matter,
with lots of leafy stems and plump buds. tackle pernicious weeds such as bindweed, such as well-rotted manure or garden
ground elder, Japanese knotweed, horsetail, compost. On a large plot, dig a series of
Preparing the ground nettles, and brambles. If weeds are really trenches to the depth of a spade across the
It is always wise to take a few hours to problematic, consider covering the site area and add manure to the base of each
prepare the soil well before you plant. Clear with some old carpet or plastic sheeting trench. Alternatively, spread a 3in (8cm)
the site of any large stones and remove for a few seasons. This forms a physical layer of organic matter over the border, and
all weeds, ensuring that you dig out the barrier against settling weed seeds, and dig it into the top 6in (15cm) of soil. Dig
whole root system of perennial weeds, like the lack of light and moisture prevents some horticultural grit into heavy clay to
dandelions. Start by hand-weeding the site. weed growth. When the site has been improve drainage. Finally, rake the surface.
PLANTING A PERENNIAL OR SHRUB PLANTING DEPTHS

Shrubs form the backbone of a garden, providing permanent structure, while Most plants need to be planted at the same
most perennials die down in winter and emerge again in spring. Plants grown in depth as they were in their pots or, if they
containers can be planted at any time of year, but avoid times when the ground are bare-root trees or shrubs, plant them at
is frozen or excessively wet or dry. Also, prepare the soil well before you start the depth they were growing at in the field,
(see above), so your plants establish quickly and produce healthy growth. indicated by a dark soil mark on the stems.
Among the exceptions are bearded irises
(below); their rhizomes will rot if buried, so
they should be planted with them exposed.
Sun-loving shrubs and perennials, such as
verbascums and sedums, also thrive when
planted slightly above soil level. Moisture-
loving plants like hostas prefer to be buried
a little deeper than ground level.
1 Make a planting hole

First, water the plants well.
Dig out a planting hole for each
2 Check planting depth
Remove the plant from its
pot, teasing out the roots if they
3 Water and mulch
Water the plant. Spread a
mulch of organic matter around
plant, making sure that it is twice are congested. Use a cane to the plant, avoiding the stems, to
the diameter of the container and check that the plant will be at conserve moisture and suppress
a little deeper. Fork the bottom the same depth as it was in its weeds. Water plants in dry spells
and sides of the hole, and add pot. Put the plant in the hole and until fully established. Each
some controlled-release fertilizer steadily trickle in water as you spring, rake in a general-purpose
to the excavated soil. backfill with soil, firming as you go. fertilizer around the plant.
26
Planting in containers Choosing pot sizes therefore more moisture and nutrients,
When choosing a container, look at the When making your container selections, reducing the need for such frequent
range of different materials and designs choose pots of several different sizes for a watering and feeding.
available to find those that suit both your traditional grouping, or opt for a series of
garden style and the types of plants you pots of the same size and line them up for Material options
plan to grow. a contemporary look. The material a container is made from
In late spring, after all danger of frost has The size of your pots will affect the affects both the price and the maintenance
passed, plant your summer bedding outside amount of maintenance they require. Tiny needs of the plants. Clay is a beautiful
in containers, windowboxes, and hanging pots dry out quickly and need watering on natural material, but because it is porous,
baskets. The method for planting containers a daily basis in summer, unless you plant it dries out more rapidly than synthetic
and windowboxes differs slightly from that them with drought-tolerant rock plants. materials or natural stone. Choose glazed
for hanging baskets (see below), and they Larger pots hold more potting mix and clay or plastic if you want colorful pots.
require watering daily. If you have less time
to spend watering and feeding, opt for pots
of drought-tolerant shrubs, such as hebes,
lavenders, and phormiums, or rock plants,
like sedums and houseleeks (Sempervivum).
Trees and large shrubs in containers
add height and stature to a design. Those
suitable for growing in pots include
boxwood (Buxus), many dwarf conifers,
Fatsia japonica, Hydrangea serrata, and
choisyas. These will need to be watered
regularly in dry spells. In spring, remove
the top few inches of potting mix and Terra-cotta elegance Size matters
Natural and the perfect foil for a shrub, such as a hebe, Choose a pot size that balances your chosen plants.
replace with fresh, together with some terra-cotta is porous and dries out quickly. To prevent Opt for a tall, slim container for a fountain of foliage, or
all-purpose controlled-release fertilizer. moisture loss, line with bubble wrap before planting. a small, wide pot for a rounded shrub or planting group.

PLANTING A SUMMER CONTAINER PLANTING A HANGING BASKET
You can create exciting displays in containers and windowboxes with Globes of flowers and foliage lend an exotic touch to patios and seating
easy summer flowers. Some grow quickly from seed, or you can buy areas throughout summer. Plant a large hanging basket and hang it at
plug plants via mail order or larger bedding plants from the garden center. about head height where you can see the colors and textures at close
When combining plants, try to balance the shapes, colors, and textures. quarters. Hanging baskets filled with ivy, small evergreens, violas, and
This example includes red dahlias, French marigolds, and yellow bidens. early bulbs also add a splash of color in fall and winter.
1 Add drainage material

Place a layer of broken clay pot
pieces in the base of the pot to help
2 Plant the container
Fill the container to about 2in
(5cm) from the rim with all-purpose
1 Preparing the basket
Line the basket and add a circle
of plastic to the bottom to create a
2 Planting the top
Cover the roots of the trailing
plants with more potting mix, and
ensure good drainage. For larger pots, potting mix. Work in some slow- water reservoir. Top with a layer of then start planting the top of the
you can reduce the amount of potting release fertilizer granules. Water potting mix. Cut crosses around the basket. Work from the center out, with
mix required and the weight of the the plants about 30 minutes before sides of the liner. Protect the trailing the tallest plants (such as verbena)
container by filling the bottom third planting. Tip them from their pots or plants with some plastic and thread in the middle, with compact bedding
with pieces of polystyrene. trays and arrange on the soil surface. them through the crosses, as shown. and trailing types around the edges.
Final effects Finishing touches

Plant the tallest plants at the back or Fill in around the plants with potting
in the middle of the container, and mix and work in some slow-release
fill in around them with shorter or fertilizer granules. Water well and add
trailing types. Water the container well, a layer of gravel over the soil to help
and continue to water regularly. To retain moisture. Water the basket daily,
extend the flowering period, remove even if it has rained, and deadhead
the faded blooms with pruners at regularly to extend the flower display
frequent intervals throughout summer. throughout the summer.
27
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LOOKING AFTER YOUR GARDEN
To keep your garden in peak condition, you will need weeds, you must be vigilant from spring to fall. It
to perform regular maintenance tasks throughout pays to give most plants fertilizer and mulch every
the year. Watering is essential for young plants and year—usually in spring. Woody plants may also
those in containers, and to win the battle against need to be pruned to keep them in good condition.
Weeding methods
You can limit the growth of weeds by top-
dressing the soil with a thick mulch or a
membrane, but you will never be completely
free of them. The most useful tool for
removing annual weeds over a large area
is a hoe; as you move it back and forth, the
blade slices through the necks of weeds
where the stems meet the soil. Choose a
dry, sunny day for hoeing, and leave the
weeds on the soil surface to die—you can
Dealing with dandelions Slow-release watering
then gather them up and compost them. A weeder is the ideal tool for prying out perennial Drip hoses trickle water into the soil above the roots,
Although hoeing kills annual weeds, such weeds with deep taproots, such as dandelions. exactly where it is most needed.
as chickweed and groundsel, perennial
weeds, including brambles, dock, couch containers, and fits easily under a rain- application of fertilizer in spring. The type
grass, and ground elder, will survive and barrel spigot. For seedlings and new plants, of plant food you choose and how often you
regrow. Use a weeder to remove those with use a can with a fine spray, so that you do apply it will be determined by your soil and

taproots, such as dandelions, and dig out not wash soil away from the roots. what you are trying to grow. Plants require
perennials with fibrous root systems using If you have a large new area to water, a range of essential nutrients. The primary
a spade or trowel. If you have pernicious a garden hose is a more practical option. nutrients are nitrogen (N), which plants
weeds that you cannot remove by hand, Attach a spray nozzle to give new plantings need for leaf growth; phosphorus (P) for
apply a glyphosate weedkiller. a gentle shower, and direct the hose at the healthy roots; and potassium (K) for good
soil, not the leaves or flowers. An even flower and fruit production. The secondary
Watering more efficient watering method is to lay nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur,
In summer, watering is the main gardening perforated drip hoses around your plants; are required in smaller amounts, while
task. Young plants in beds and borders and water gradually seeps out at soil level and the seven trace elements, such as iron,
container displays are especially vulnerable penetrates deeply with little waste. are needed in very small quantities.
to drought, and are best watered early Fertilizers are either organic (derived
in the morning or in the evening, when Fertilizing from plants and animals) or inorganic
evaporation rates are low. A basic watering Once established, most plants growing (chemically manufactured). Most are
can is generally sufficient for small areas or in reasonably good soil need an annual concentrated for convenience and available
FERTILIZER OPTIONS
Most plants benefit from an application of fertilizer once a year in spring. because too much fertilizer, or using the wrong type for a particular plant,
However, some may need extra nutrients to boost them at key times, may have a detrimental effect. Your local garden center or DIY store will
such as flowering. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully stock a selection of organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Chemical fertilizer Organic matter Blood, fish and Soluble food Slow-release
A balanced chemical Well-rotted manure or bonemeal Fast-acting soluble liquid granules
fertilizer is used to enrich garden compost is rich This organic, balanced fertilizer gives bedding These granules are activated
the soil at sowing or planting in trace elements and fertilizer can be mixed into and container plants the by warmth and moisture,
time. It can also be applied soil-conditioning substances. the soil when planting, and nutrients they need. They and provide a steady supply
as a top-dressing in the Dig it into the ground or applied around plants in can also be used on plants of nutrients for many weeks
28 spring for all types of plants. apply it as a surface mulch. the spring or early summer. that need a quick boost. in borders and containers.
MULCH OPTIONS
Mulches reduce weed growth and conserve water, which is why they prevents them from rotting. As well as being functional, many mulches
should always be applied when the ground is moist. A gravel mulch are also attractive and produce a decorative surface for borders and
helps to keep the leaves and stems of drought-loving plants dry, and containers. Recycled ground glass and dyed shells are colorful options.
Gravel Bark chips Garden compost Leaf mold

Gravel laid over landscape fabric Available in different sizes, the Rotted compost and manure lock Although low in nutrients, rotted
creates a weed suppressant and smallest being the most attractive, moisture into the soil and help to leaves help to improve the soil
a decorative foil for alpines and bark breaks down slowly and makes suppress weed growth. As the mulch structure and trap moisture in.
Mediterranean-style plantings. a good weed suppressor. It also breaks down, it also releases plant They are ideal for woodland and
Plant through the fabric by cutting helps to conserve soil moisture, foods and improves the structure shade-loving plants, many of which
a cross and folding back the flaps. but does not supply many nutrients. of the soil. would be mulched by leaves in
Apply the gravel on top after planting. Top off worn areas annually. their natural habitats.
as liquids, powders that you dilute in water, the plants' needs. For example, bark chips
or granules. Organic fertilizers include are spread over the soil surface after MAKING LEAF MOLD

pelleted chicken manure; blood, fish and planting to suppress weeds, but may take
bone meal; liquid seaweed fertilizer; nutrients from the soil as they decompose, Leaf mold is one of the finest soil
and homemade plant foods, such as the so apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to conditioners, and makes good use of fallen
diluted liquor from a worm bin or fertilizers compensate for this loss. Organic matter, autumn leaves. It is very quick and easy
to make, but takes at least a year to rot
made from soaking comfrey leaves. such as farmyard manure or garden
down and be ready for use in the garden.
Inorganic fertilizers include potassium compost, helps to retain soil moisture
sulfate and granular rose fertilizers. while also fertilizing the ground. It must
Fertilizers are grouped according to be laid over moist soil, either in spring
the quantities of N, P, and K they contain. (following fall and winter rains) or after
For example, a balanced fertilizer for watering. Apply organic mulches in a
general use contains equal quantities of thick layer about 4in (10cm) deep, and
each primary nutrient, while a fertilizer replenish them annually as worms and soil
for lawns has a higher concentration of microorganisms will break them down
nitrogen, and those for fruit bushes are throughout the year.
rich in potassium.
Composting
Apply an all-purpose granular fertilizer
to the soil when planting, and spread Disposing of your organic kitchen waste 1 Rake up the leaves
In fall, rake up the leaves in your yard and
place them in large plastic garbage bags. If you
it around plants in spring. Containers, and plant prunings by composting creates
chop them up first with a garden spade, they
baskets, and some bedding annuals may an excellent eco-friendly soil improver.
will decompose faster.
need a regular liquid feeding during the There is a wide range of bins available,
growing season, or apply a controlled- including standard plastic composters that
release granular fertilizer when planting. hold plenty of waste, and more decorative
Remember to follow the manufacturer’s types, such as wooden models that
directions carefully. resemble beehives.
To produce good compost, you will need
Mulching the right mix of ingredients. Too much soft
Mulches are materials that are spread on green material, such as grass clippings and
the soil surface, usually around plants. vegetable peelings, turns the pile into
Some mulches serve a practical purpose— a slimy mess. On the other hand, if you
feeding the soil, suppressing weeds,
retaining moisture, or insulating roots
include too much dry woody material,
such as prunings, the pile will rot down 2 Water, tie, and leave
When the bags are half full, sprinkle the
leaves with water. Continue to add leaves, and
in winter—while others are primarily too slowly. Aim for an equal measure of
water again when full. Tie the bag and make
decorative. Decorative mulches include green and dry ingredients and add them
a few holes with a fork to allow in some air.
crushed glass or shells, and slate chips. in layers. Good air flow is also essential After a year or two, the leaf mold will be ready.
Mulches are applied at different times of to the composting process, so turn over 29
the year, depending on their purpose and the contents regularly.
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Good garden hygiene army into your plot. If you have to resort WHY PRUNE?
By keeping your plants in good health and to chemical pesticides and fungicides, use
checking them regularly, you can keep them sparingly and read the manufacturer’s You can achieve many beautiful effects
many pests and diseases at bay. Aim to instructions carefully. with careful pruning. Some plants are
grow your plants in the right conditions best trimmed lightly to create a natural
because healthy specimens are more Pruning guidelines look, while others can be clipped into
able to withstand attacks. Remember, It is not essential to prune any plant, but elegant topiary. In addition, some
too, that some plants are susceptible to thinning and cutting back to varying pruning techniques encourage more
certain diseases so, whenever possible, degrees or selectively removing whole flowering and fruiting stems to form.
buy resistant varieties. branches can be beneficial.
A few simple precautions will also pay Pruning can rejuvenate old, congested
dividends. Check new plants for signs of specimens and help to extend the life of
pests and diseases to ensure that they do short-lived shrubs. It can also promote
not introduce them into your garden, and the growth of more flowering and fruiting
keep all tools and equipment clean to guard wood, improve the shape of a plant, and
against the spread of diseases. Tools such reduce the incidence of disease.
as pruners and seed trays are best cleaned Most pruning is performed annually, but
with household disinfectant. You can also if you spot dead, damaged, or diseased
put up physical barriers, such as cut-off wood, or a sucker growing from a grafted
plastic bottles to help protect your plants plant, remove it immediately. A general tip
from pests such as slugs and snails. is to prune plants that flower in spring just
If a plant does succumb to a disease, first after they have bloomed, and prune those Cutting out dead and
try to identify the problem to gauge its that flower in summer or fall in early spring diseased wood
seriousness, and remove and either burn before the buds break. Most evergreens Whenever you see dead or diseased wood
on any woody plant, remove it immediately. If
or discard infected plant material. Minor are pruned in late spring.
dead wood is left on a plant, disease can enter
pest attacks can usually be dealt with It is important to use the right tools more easily and move down the stems.

by removing the invaders by hand. Also, when pruning, as they will make the task
try to encourage natural predators, such easier. The tool you will require depends
as birds, frogs and toads, ladybugs, on the thickness of the material you need
hoverflies, spiders, and lacewings into your to remove. Use sharp pruners for stems
garden, as together they will help to keep the width of a pencil or smaller, and a
many pests under control. Pools, ponds, pruning saw or loppers for larger branches.
berried shrubs and trees, and nectar-rich Never prune above head height, and call
open flowers will help to lure this pest in a professional arborist for large jobs.
MAKING PRUNING CUTS

Trees, shrubs, and climbers grow in different ways, and their shoots, buds, and stems
differ too. Before pruning, identify the type of buds and shoots on the plant and
their position. Buds are found at the point where the leaves are about to grow, or Pruning for shape and form
where they have previously been attached to the stem. When pruning, cut just Some plants need a gentle trim to retain
above a bud; this stimulates hormones that make the bud develop into a new stem. their shape. This Pittosporum tenuifolium makes
an attractive focal plant. The only pruning
it requires is to retain the plant’s symmetry
by lightly trimming it in late spring.
Cutting opposite buds Cutting alternate buds Cutting to new growth

The buds of some plants are Where the buds are positioned You can recognize new growth
opposite each other. Prune alternately along the stems, try because it looks much fresher
above a pair of buds with a to prune to one that is facing than old wood. When pruning, Crossing and rubbing branches
flat, straight cut. When the outward, away from the center cut off old wood just above a Branches that rub each other can create open
buds grow, they will produce of the plant. Make a sloping cut new stem, using a sloping cut wounds that let in diseases. Remove one
two shoots growing in opposite above the bud, so that water so that water runs away from of the branches, choosing the weakest one or
directions from one another. runs away from it. the young growth. the stem that has suffered the most damage.
30
PLANT
SELECTOR
The lists in this section suggest plants that are suitable
for growing in a range of situations, or that have special
uses or characteristics. Although the plants should thrive
in the conditions specified, bear in mind that they are
not always consistent and much of their success depends
on climate, location, exposure, and care. The list is
subdivided into plant groups for each category, following
the arrangement of the Plant Catalog on pages 56–496.
Plants that are featured in the Catalog are followed by
page numbers; refer to the Plant Directory for a whole
genus or for a plant not followed by a number.
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Plants for sandy soil Gaultheria mucronata ‘Wintertime’, p.163 Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus
Sandy soils are often termed “light” or “hungry.” They are usually Genista tinctoria, p.148 ‘Graskop’, p.240
Halimium ‘Susan’, p.160 Agastache ‘Black Adder’, p.280
well-drained, but dry out rapidly and hold low reserves of plant Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142 Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Valerie Finnis’,
nutrients. Many plants have adapted to such soils by developing Hypericum ‘Hidcote’, p.160 p.274
deeply penetrating roots. Their leaves are modified to reduce LAVENDERS, p.158 Artemisia absinthium ‘Lambrook Silver’
moisture loss: small and reflexed, evergreen and glossy, or Olearia nummulariifolia, p.128 Asphodeline
Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’, p.159 Aster divaricatus, p.249
covered with fine gray or silver hairs. To improve moisture Phlomis fruticosa, p.160 Aster ericoides f. prostratus ‘Snowflurry’
retention, incorporate some organic matter when planting Robinia hispida, p.133 Aster species, selections and hybrids,
in fall; little watering will then be needed and plants are able Rosa spinosissima pp.249, 250, 254, 367
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157 Baptisia australis, p.240
to establish well before summer.
SALVIAS, p.155 Berkheya purpurea, p.269
Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana Campanula persicifolia
TREES Pinus radiata, p.98 ‘Sulphurea’, p.159 Campanula punctata, C. takesimana, p.241
Amelanchier lamarckii, p.110 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, p.96 Spartium junceum, p.140 Campanula species, selections and
Betula ermanii, p.78 Thuja occidentalis and cvs Tamarix ramosissima, p.114 hybrids, pp.241, 242, 342, 360, 367,
Betula pendula ‘Dalecarlica’ Teucrium fruticans ‘Azureum’ 368, 369
Castanea sativa SHRUBS x Halimiocistus sahucii, p.149 CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266–267
Celtis australis, p.62 Acacia dealbata, p.211 Yucca gloriosa, p.132 Centranthus ruber, p.248
Cercis siliquastrum, p.83 Artemisia arborescens ‘Faith Raven’ Coreopsis ‘Limerock Ruby’, p.268
Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’, p.84 Berberis empetrifolia, p.148 CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Delphinium grandiflorum ‘Blue
Genista aetnensis, p.89 Brachyglottis ‘Sunshine’ CLEMATIS, pp.198–200 Butterfly’, p.217
Nothofagus obliqua, p.63 BUDDLEJAS, p.114 Clianthus puniceus, p.193 Diascia personata, p.223
Phoenix canariensis Calluna vulgaris and cvs, p.166 Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208 Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’, p.220
Pinus bungeana, p.78 Caragana arborescens ‘Lorbergii’ Lapageria rosea, p.202 Eryngium pandanifolium
Pinus sylvestris, p.78 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and forms Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’, p.210 Eryngium x tripartitum, p.250
Quercus ilex Cistus spp. and cvs, pp.150, 152, 153, 154 Erysimum ‘Bowles Mauve’, p.261
Convolvulus cneorum, p.149 PERENNIALS Francoa sochifolia Rogerson’s form
Conifers Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117 Acanthus spinosus, p.239
Abies grandis, p.98 Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’, p.119 Achillea spp. and cvs, pp.235, 243, 247,
x Cuprocyparis leylandii and cvs Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens, p.123 359, 360 BELOW Hot and dry conditions
Juniperus Erica spp. and cvs, p.166 Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’, p.241 Acanthus spinosus and Phlomis
Larix decidua, p.97 Gaultheria mucronata ‘Mulberry Wine’, Agapanthus ‘Phantom’ russeliana make a perfect planting

Pinus pinaster, p.97 p.164 Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’, p.241 partnership on sandy soil.
32
Gaillardia ‘Oranges and Lemons’, p.277 Saponaria ocymoides, p.364 Petrea volubilis, p.463 Cryptanthus zonatus
Gaillardia x grandiflora cvs Sedum spp. and cvs, pp.315, 345, 371, Plectranthus fructicosus ‘James’, p.454 Gazania rigens var. uniflora
Libertia ixioides ‘Goldfinger’, p.277 374, 375, 377 Ruellia devosiana, p.465
Limonium latifolium ‘Blue Cloud’, p.270 Tanacetum argenteum, p.346 Climbers Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Laurentii’,
Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240 Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus, p.351 Bomarea hirsuta p.476
Nepeta x faassenii, p.270 Bomarea multiflora, p.207 Strelitzia reginae, p.476
Oenothera fruticosa ‘Fyrverkeri’, p.275 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS Kennedia rubicunda, p.462
Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’, p.274 Allium aflatunense, p.382 Solanum wendlandii, p.463 Cacti and succulents
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238 Allium atropurpureum, p.392 Streptosolen jamesonii, p.464 AGAVES, p.482
Phlomis russeliana, p.243 Allium ‘Gladiator’, p.392 Tropaeolum tricolorum, p.461 ALOES, p.493
Platycodon grandiflorus, p.269 Allium ‘Globemaster’, p.392 Echeveria montana
Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’, p.268 Allium ‘Mount Everest’, p.385 Perennials Furcraea parmentieri
RED HOT POKER, p.254 Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group, p.409 Aphelandra squarrosa ‘Louisae’, p.476 Rebutia hybrida and cvs, pp.483, 484,
Romneya coulteri, p.216 Allium oreophilum, p.418 Billbergia nutans 486, 487, 496
SEDUM, p.279 Allium ‘Purple Sensation’, p.392
Solidago ‘Goldenmosa’, p.251 ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387
Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’, p.268 Anemone blanda ‘Violet Star’, p.418
Verbascum spp. and cvs, pp.219, 243, Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
246, 345 ‘Mr Fokker’, p.403
Anemone ranunculoides, p.263
Grasses and bamboos Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287 Babiana rubrocyanea, p.418
Carex flagellifera, p.289 Bellavalia romana, p.399
Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288 Brodiaea ‘Queen Fabiola’
Chionochloa rubra, p.285 Calochortus superbus, p.409
Cortadera richardii, p.284 Camassia quamash, p.411
Deschampsisa cesoitosa ‘Gold Tau’, p.289 Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419
Elegia capensis, p.285 CROCOSMIA, p.410
Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, CROCUS p.417
p.285 Cyclamen coum ‘Maurice Dryden’, p.428
Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’ Antirrhinum majus
Miscanthus sinensis and cvs pp.284, Cyclamen coum Pewter Group, p.429
285, 286 DAFFODILS, pp.404–405
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea DAHLIAS, pp.396–398
‘Transparent’, p.286 Fritillaria imperalis ‘Lutea’, p.382

Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’, p.382
‘Heidebraut’, p.285 Galanthus ‘Hill Poe’, p.427
Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’, p.289 Galanthus woronowii, p.428
Pennisetum spp., pp.286, 311, 312 GLADIOLI, p.384
Stipa spp., pp.286, 287, 288 Gladiolus murielae
Habenaria radiata, p.408
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Hippeastrum ‘Black Pearl’
Antirrhinum majus and cvs, pp.306, Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’, p.403
319, 320 Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’, p.415
Brachyscome iberidifolia Hymenocallis ‘Sulphur Queen’, p.412
Cleome hassleriana and cvs, p.304 Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Coreopsis tinctoria, p.321 Ipheion uniflorum ‘Froyle Mill’, p.419
Eschscholzia californica, p.326 Iris reticulata and cvs, p.225 Helianthemum ‘Wisley Primrose’ Eccremocarpus scaber
Glandularia x hybrida series and cvs, Ixia viridiflora, p.406
pp.303, 307 LILIES, pp.388–391
Limnanthes douglasii, p.321 Muscari spp. and cvs, pp.403, 415, 419,
Limonium sinuatum 420, 421
Linaria maroccana ‘Fairy Lights’ Nerine bowdenii, p.413
Papaver rhoeas Shirley Series, p.310 Nerine bowdenii ‘Nikita’
PELARGONIUMS, p.309 Ornithogalum, spp. and cvs, pp.382, 399,
Portulaca grandiflora series and cvs 408, 414, 415, 416
Schizanthus ‘Dwarf Bouquet’, p.304 Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’, p.385
Senecio cineraria ‘Silver Dust’, p.315 Romulea bulbocodium, p.419
Tagetes cvs, pp.308, 322, 324, 326 Schizostylis ‘Mrs Hegarty’
Tanacetum parthenium, p.300 Scilla spp. and cvs, pp.413, 416, 420, 423
Xanthophthalmum segetum, p.322 Triteleia ixiodes ‘Starlight’, p.407
Xerochrysum bracteatum Monstrosum Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
Series TULIPS, pp.400–401
Watsonia meriana, p.385
ROCK PLANTS Zephyranthes spp., pp.413, 424
Acaena caesiiglauca, p.374
Achillea x kellereri, p.360 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Aethionema ‘Warley Rose’, p.362 Trees
Andromeda polifolia ‘Compacta’, Agonis flexuosa, p.450
p.333
Arenaria montana, p.360 Shrubs
Armeria juniperifolia, p.352 Boronia megastigma, p.456
Cytisus x beanii, p.335 Chamelaucium uncinatum, pp.453, 454
Dianthus deltoides Chorizema ilicifolium, p.455
Gaultheria procumbens, p.373 Iochroma australe, p.138
Gypsophila repens Leucospermum reflexum, p.456
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
338, 340, 344, 345 RIGHT A garden on sandy gravel
HOUSELEEKS, p.377 Alliums and lavenders thrive on light,
Petrorhagia saxifraga, p.361 sandy soils and are ideal for gravel 33
Phlox bifida, p.366 gardens in dry areas.
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Plants for clay soil TREES CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS
Alnus glutinosa Celastrus scandens
Clay soil is usually wet, sticky, and heavy in winter, and during drier
Castanospermum australe Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’, p.211
summers it can shrink and crack, damaging plant roots. Whether Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’, p.194
Drimys winteri, p.73
establishing a new garden on clay or renovating an older one, FLOWERING DOGWOODS, p.87 Rosa filipes ‘Kiftsgate’, p.184
always choose plants that will grow well in this type of soil. Prepare Fraxinus spp., pp.60, 66, 71, 74, 79 Vitis coignetiae, p.209
the planting area thoroughly, digging the soil in the fall, then leaving Juglans nigra, p.63
Magnolia virginiana PERENNIALS
it over winter to allow the weathering effects of frost and winter Melaleuca viridiflora var. rubriflora Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’, p.219
rains to break down large clods. Dig in organic matter, and grit Oxydendrum arboreum, p.76 Anemone hupehensis and cvs
Pinus sylvestris, p.78 Anemone tomentosa
or sharp sand to increase drainage. Plant in early spring, at the
Populus spp. and cvs, pp.60, 61, 62, 63, 74 Bergenia spp. and cvs, pp.255, 256, 280
beginning of the growing season, to avoid losses over winter. Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256
Prunus maackii
Prunus serrula, p.78 Doronicum orientale ‘Magnificum’, p.263
Pterocarya fraxinifolia Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum
Quercus palustris, p.66 Group ‘Reisenschirm’, p.221
Quercus robur Filipendula ulmaria ‘Aurea’, p.274
Quercus suber, p.78 Geranium ‘Orion’, p.280
Salix babylonica var. pekinensis Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), p.271
‘Tortuosa’, p.80 Geum ‘Bell Bank’, p.268
Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma, p.69 Helianthus ‘Lemon Queen’, p.222
SORBUS, p.91 Helonias bullata
Houttuynia cordata ‘Chameleon’, p.444
Conifers Iris laevigata
Cryptomeria japonica and cvs, p.104 JAPANESE ANEMONES, p.222
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, p.96 Leucanthemum x superbum
Taxodium distichum, p.99 ‘Sonnenschein’, p.231
Ligularia ‘Britt Marie Crawford’, p.445
SHRUBS Ligularia ‘The Rocket’, p.219
Aronia arbutifolia, p.142 Lythrum salicaria ‘Feuerkerze’, p.234
Caltha palustris ‘Plena’ Anemone hupehensis ‘Hadspen Abundance’ Mimulus guttatus
Berberis thunbergii ‘Rose Glow’, p.137
Berberis valdiviana, p.111 Omphalodes cappadocia ‘Cherry
Calycanthus floridus Ingram’, p.261
Chaenomeles cathayensis, p.142 Primula japonica

Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Snow’, p.146 Rodgersia pinnata ‘Fireworks’, p.234

Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’, p.122 Scrophularia auriculata ‘Variegata’
Choisya ternata SUNDANCE (‘Lich’), p.148 Trollius spp. and cvs, pp.358, 436, 445
Clethra alnifolia
CORNUS, p.126 Grasses and bamboos
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142 Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Tatra’, p.288
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142 Miscanthus sinensis and cvs, pp.284,
Cotoneaster hupehensis 285, 286
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142 Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
Cotoneaster x watereri ‘John Waterer’, 288, 289
p.142
Disanthus cercidifolius, p.141 Ferns
Kalmia latifolia Viburnum opulus Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113 Polystichum setiferum groups, p.291
Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’, Thelypteris palustris, p.291
p.140 Woodwardia radicans
Euonymus spp., pp.117, 142
Fothergilla gardenii, p.163 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS
Fothergilla major, p.117 Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
Genista tenera ‘Golden Shower’, p.116 CANNA, p.394
Kalmia latifolia, p.136 Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’, p.395
Ledum groenlandicum, p.145
Photinia serratifolia, p.111 WATER AND BOG PLANTS
Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’, p.111 Aruncus dioicus, p.436
Ribes sanguineum ‘Edward VII’, p.146 Butomus umbellatus
Ruscus aculeatus, p.167 Caltha palustris, p.444
Salix caprea Darmera peltata, p.438
Salix exigua, p.112 Gunnera manicata, p.443
Salix purpurea Lysichiton americanus, p.444
Sambucus racemosa ‘Plumosa Aurea’, Matteuccia struthiopteris, p.443
p.139 Onoclea sensibilis, p.443
Spiraea japonica ‘Albiflora’ Osmunda regalis, p.443
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus, Pontederia cordata, p.441
p.142 Primula florindae, p.445
Tetrapanax papyrifer, p.120 Ranunculus lingua, p.444
Viburnum bitchiuense, p.122 Sagittaria latifolia, p.434
Viburnum lentago Thalia dealbata
Viburnum opulus and cvs, pp.142, 162
Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’, p.143 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Perennials
Cyperus papyrus, p.479
LEFT A waterside planting

The yellow skunk cabbage (Lysichiton
americanus) and marsh marigolds
34 (Caltha palustris) flourish together
in the clay soil beside this stream.
Plants for neutral to acidic soil CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Phlox adsurgens
Some plants, notably camellias, rhododendrons, and most heathers, Asteranthera ovata Phlox stolonifera
Berberidopsis corallina, p.202 Phyllodoce spp., pp.333, 334
grow naturally in regions such as open woodlands, hillsides, or Crinodendron hookerianum, p.202 Pieris nana
moorlands where the soil is neutral to acidic, and are intolerant Desfontainia spinosa, p.203 Shortia spp., pp.349, 352
of alkaline soils such as chalk or limestone. These are often termed Mitraria coccinea, p.193
“lime-haters” or “acid-lovers.” Before planting, work in some acidic BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS
PERENNIALS Lilium speciosum var. rubrum
planting compost or humus. After planting, keep woody plants well Dianella tasmanica, p.239 Lilium superbum, p.390
mulched. In drier regions, check water needs regularly. Ourisia coccinea, p.269
Smilacina racemosa, p.223 WATER AND BOG PLANTS
Tolmiea menziesii Sarracenia flava, p.445
TREES SHRUBS
Acer davidii, p.78 Acer palmatum ‘Shindeshojo’, p.123 Trillium spp., pp.255, 260, 350
Uvularia grandiflora, p.262 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Acer forrestii Amelanchier lamarckii, p.110
Shrubs
Acer griseum, p.78 Andromeda polifolia ‘Compacta’,
Grasses and Bamboos Boronia megastigma, p.456
Acer grosseri, p.78 p.333
Deschampsisa cespitosa ‘Gold Tau’, p.289 Epacris impressa, p.455
Acer palmatum and cvs, pp.78, 89, 90, 115, Arctostaphylos (some), pp.144, 147
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea Gardenia augusta
117, 123, 138, 156 CAMELLIAS, pp.120–121
‘Transparent’, p.286 Pimelea ferruginea, p.455
Acer pensylvanicum ‘Erythrocladum’, p.78 Chamaedaphne calyculata
Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Protea spp., p.454
Arbutus menziesii Cyrilla racemiflora
Arbutus unedo, p.93 Enkianthus spp., pp.111, 120, 123 ‘Heidebraut’, p.285
Climbers
Embothrium coccineum, p.86 Fothergilla gardenii
Ferns Agapetes spp., p.461
Eucryphia (most), pp.85, 129 Fothergilla major, p.117
Adiantum spp., pp.291, 292 Allamanda cathartica
Michelia doltsopa, p.71 Gaultheria spp., pp.145, 154, 163,
Nyssa sinensis, p.77 164 Blechnum spp., pp.290, 292
Cryptogramma crispa, p.293 Perennials
Nyssa sylvatica, p.66 HEATHERS, p.166, most
Aspidistra spp.
Oxydendrum arboreum, p.76 Kalmia spp., pp.136, 156
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Calanthe striata, p.275
Pinus densiflora Ledum groenlandicum, p.145
Calibrachoa cvs, pp.300, 306 Caulokaempferia petelotii
Pterostyrax hispida, p.73 Leiophyllum buxifolium
Centropogon cordifolius
Stewartia pseudocamellia, p.78 Leptospermum scoparium ‘Snow
ROCK PLANTS Cornukaempferia aurantiflora
Stewartia sinensis, p.78 White’, p.135
Arctostaphylos spp. and cvs, pp.375, 376 ‘Jungle Gold’, p.477
Styrax japonicus, p.72 Leucothöe fontanesiana and cvs, p.167
Cassiope spp., pp.322, 349 Cypripedium reginae, p.466
Lyonia ligustrinum
Cornus canadensis, p.360 Drosera spp., p.473

Conifers Menziesia ciliicalyx var. purpurea,
Corydalis cashmeriana Nepenthes x hookeriana, p.473
Abies spp. and cvs, pp.95, 96, 98, 100, p.146
Cyananthus spp., pp.359, 369 Peliosanthes arisanensis, p.472
104, 105 Myrica gale, p.162
Picea spp. and cvs, pp.98, 99, 100, 101, Philesia magellanica Epigaea gaultherioides, p.351
103, 105 Pieris spp. and cvs, pp.110, 120, 137 Galax urceolata, p.336
Pinus densiflora RHODODENDRONS, pp.124–125, most Gaultheria spp., pp.346, 373
Pinus pumila Styrax officinalis, p.112 Gentiana sino-ornata, p.370 BELOW A carpet of heather
Pseudolarix amabilis, p.102 Telopea speciosissima, p.137 Linnaea borealis, p.363 Heathers (Erica) create dramatic sweeps
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, p.96 Vaccinium (most), pp.150, 163, 165, 351 Lithodora diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’, p.343 of color in winter in this heather garden.
Sciadopitys verticillata, p.101 WITCH HAZELS, p.118 Mitchella repens The majority of heathers thrive in well-
Tsuga heterophylla Zenobia pulverulenta, p.130 Ourisia spp., pp.360, 362 drained, acidic soil in full sun.
Gaultheria mucronata ‘Wintertime’
35
Fothergilla major
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Plants for limestone Ceratostigma griffithii Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Limestone regions are rich in wildflowers and wildlife, and where Chaenomeles cathayensis, p.142 Ruscus aculeatus, p.167
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Snow’, p.146 Salix exigua, p.112
there is a reasonable depth of topsoil, a wide range of garden plants Chimonanthus praecox, p.144 SALVIA, p.155
can be grown. However, often there are only a few inches of soil Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’, p.122 Sambucus nigra ‘Guincho Purple’
above bedrock, and here there is an increased risk of drought Choisya ternata, p.122 Sambucus racemosa ‘Plumosa Aurea’,
in summer. It may be necessary to excavate planting holes and Choisya ternata SUNDANCE (‘Lich’), p.148 p.139
Cistus spp, pp.150, 154 Spartium junceum, p.140
incorporate organic matter to increase plants’ chances of survival. Colletia paradoxa, p.131 Spiraea japonica ‘Albiflora’
On well-drained soil, plant in fall or spring; on wetter soil, defer Cotinus coggygria ‘Golden Spirit’, Spiraea nipponica ‘Snowmound’, p.131
planting until spring. Keep all young woody plants well mulched p.116 Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus,
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142 p.142
and watered until established.
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142 Viburnum bitchiuense, p.122
Cotoneaster hupehensis Viburnum opulus
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142 Viburnum tinus
TREES Prunus avium ‘Plena’, p.71 Cotoneaster x watereri ‘John Waterer’, Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’, p.143
Acer negundo ‘Variegatum’, p.74 Prunus maackii p.142 Vitex agnus-castus
Aesculus x carnea ‘Briotii’, p.60 Prunus serrula, p.78 Daphne bholua ‘Jacqueline Postill’, Weigela florida ‘Variegata’, p.152
Arbutus andrachne SORBUS (many), p.91 p.143
Betula albo-sinensis, p.78 Tilia tomentosa CLIMBERS AND WALL
Deutzia spp. and cvs, pp.132, 149, 152
Betula ermanii, p.78 SHRUBS
Edgeworthia chrysantha, p.126
Betula nigra, p.78 Conifers Actinidia kolomikta, p.201
Escallonia ‘Donard Beauty’, p.154
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii cvs, Calocedrus decurrens, p.101 Campsis radicans
Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’,
p.78 Cedrus libani, p.97 Carpenteria californica, p.197
p.140
Catalpa bignonioides, p.73 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and cvs Celastrus orbiculatus
Euonymus hamiltonianus, p.142
Cercis siliquastrum, p.83 pp.96, 102, 103 CLEMATIS, pp.198–200
Euonymus latifolius, p.140
Crataegus spp. and cvs, pp.80, 84, 90 Cupressus arizonica var. glabra Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208
Euonymus oxyphyllus, p.117
Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila, x Cuprocyparis leylandii and cvs Forsythia suspensa, p.195
Genista tenera ‘Golden Shower’, p.116
p.78 Ginkgo biloba, p.97 Fremontodendron ‘California Glory’,
HARDY FUCHSIAS, p.154
Fagus sylvatica, p.64 Juniperus spp and cvs, pp.100, 103, 105 p.206
Hebe carnosula
Fraxinus ornus, p.71 Picea omorika, p.98 Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’, p.211
Hebe ‘Great Orme’, p.153
Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Sunburst’, p.72 Pinus nigra Hedera spp. and cvs, p.211
Hypericum ‘Hidcote’, p.160
HOLLIES, p.94 Platycladus orientalis and cvs HONEYSUCKLE, p.207
LAVENDERS, p.158
Laurus nobilis, p.80 Taxus baccata and cvs, pp.101, 102, 105 Jasminum officinale f. affine, p.196
LILACS, p.115

Malus spp. and cvs, pp.71, 83, Thuja plicata and cvs Parthenocissus henryana
Olearia ilicifolia, p.130
90, 110 Passiflora caerulea, p.204
Olearia macrodonta, p.132
Morus nigra SHRUBS Rosa ‘Albéric Barbier’, p.184
Philadelphus spp. and cvs, pp.127, 128,
Phillyrea latifolia Abutilon ‘Kentish Belle’, p.162 131, 149
Abutilon ‘Ashford Red’, p.137 Phlomis fruticosa, p.160
Aucuba japonica ‘Crotonifolia’ Photinia serratifolia, p.111 BELOW Bright yellow display
BELOW Early summer scent Azara microphylla, p.118 Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’, p.111 Achillea 'Moonshine' is a perennial
A lilac, here combined with deutzia and Berberis darwinii, p.111 Potentilla fruticosa and cvs, pp.149, that thrives in alkaline soil and will
peonies, grows in the shelter of a wall. Berberis valdiviana, p.111 160, 162 withstand periods of drought. In
Lilacs prefer alkaline soil, as long as it BUDDLEJA, p.114 Ribes sanguineum ‘Edward VII’, p.146 summer, the flowers attract bees
is well-drained. Ceanothus impressus, p.138 ROSES (most), pp.172–187 and butterflies.
Philadelphus ‘Dame Blanche’
36
Lathyrus vernus
Rosa ‘Albertine’, p.185 Grasses and bamboos Lathyrus vernus, p.260 Gladiolus murielae
Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’, p.204 Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287 Leontopodium alpinum, p.332 Hermodactylus tuberosus, p.406
Trachelospermum jasminoides, p.195 Stipa tenuissima, p.288 Linum arboreum, p.344 Hippeastrum ‘Black Pearl’
Wisteria sinensis Lobularia maritima and cvs, pp.298, Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’,
Ferns 304 p.403
PERENNIALS Asplenium scolopendrium, p.292 Origanum dictamnus Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’,
Acanthus spinosus, p.239 Asplenium trichomanes, p.291 Papaver burseri p.415
Anemone tomentosa Dryopteris filix-mas, p.292 Penstemon pinifolius, p.340 Hymenocallis ‘Sulphur Queen’, p.412
Anemone hupehensis Polypodium vulgare ‘Cornubiense’ Rhodanthemum hosmariense, p.332 Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
AQUILEGIA, p.226 Saponaria ocymoides, p.364 Iris reticulata and cvs
ASTER, p.249 ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Saxifraga, pp.332, 337, 348, 350, Lilium regale, p.388
CAMPANULA, p.241 Ageratum houstonianum and cvs, 358, 377 Muscari spp. and cvs, pp.403, 415,
DELPHINIUMS, p.217 pp.313, 314 Thymus caespititius 420, 421
Doronicum spp., pp.227, 263 Calendula officinalis and cvs, pp.321, Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium, Nerine bowdenii ‘Nikita'
Eryngium spp., pp.240, 250, 271 325, 326 p.343 Ornithogalum nutans, p.399
Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’, p.261 Callistephus chinensis Series and cvs, Veronica prostrata, p.343 Ornithogalum umbellatum, p.416
Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum pp.303, 304, 312 Pancratium illyricum, p.408
Group ‘Reisenscirm’, p.221 Calomeria amaranthoides BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’, p.385
Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), p.271 Erysimum cheiri 'Fire King', p.326 Allium aflatunense, p.382 Scilla spp., pp.413, 416, 420, 423
Geranium ‘Orion’, p.280 Gomphrena globosa, p.303 Allium atropurpureum, p.392 Triteleia ‘Queen Fabiola’
Geum ‘Bell Bank’, p.268 Lavatera trimestris ‘Silver Cup’, p.305 Allium ‘Gladiator’, p.392 Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
Gypsophila paniculata cvs, p.231 Limonium sinuatum Allium ‘Globemaster’, p.392 TULIPS, pp.400–401
HELENIUM, p.248 Lobularia maritima Allium ‘Mount Everest’, p.385 Watsonia meriana, p.385
Helianthus ‘Lemon Queen’, p.222 Lunaria annua, p.310 Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group, Zephyranthes spp., pp.413, 424
HEUCHERA, p.282 Matthiola ‘Giant Excelsior’, p.303 p.409
IRISES (most), pp.224–225 Tagetes spp. and cvs, pp.308, 320, 322, Allium oreophilum, p.418 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
JAPANESE ANEMONES, p.222 326 Allium ‘Purple Sensation’, p.392 Shrubs
Leucanthemum x superbum Ursinia anthemoides, p.322 Anemone blanda ‘Violet Star’, p.418 Nerium oleander, p.455
‘Sonnenschein’, p.231 Xeranthemum annuum, p.305 Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240 Zinnia spp. and cvs, pp.306, 316, 325, ‘Mr Fokker’, p.403 Cacti and succulents
Omphalodes cappadocia ‘Cherry Anemone ranunculoides, p.263 Furcraea parmentieri
Ingram’, p.261 ROCK PLANTS Anomatheca laxa, p.423
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238 Aethionema spp. and cvs, pp.338, 362, Babiana rubrocyanea, p.418
PEONIES, p.229 364 Bellavalia romana, p.399

Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’, p.268 Androsace lanuginosa, p.363 Calochortus superbus, p.409
RUDBECKIA, p.251 Aster alpinus, p.367 Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419
SALVIA, p.250 Campanula (most rock garden species), Colchicum, pp.421, 424, 425
Scabiosa caucasica ‘Clive Greaves’, pp.342, 368, 342 Crinum x powellii, p.385
p.270 Dianthus (most rock garden species), CROCUSES, p.417
Schizostylis ‘Mrs Hegarty’ pp.363, 364, 366 Cyclamen coum and cvs, pp.428, 429
Sidalcea 'Oberon', p.233 Draba spp., pp.357, 358 Cyclamen hederifolium, p.426 BELOW Colorful crevices
Verbascum spp. and cvs, pp.243, 246 Erysimum helveticum, p.358 DAFFODILS, pp.404–405 Naturally at home in cracks and crevices,
Veronicastrum virginicum ‘Fascination’, Gypsophila repens Fritillaria imperalis ‘Lutea’, p.382 these Saxifraga form neat mounds of
p.220 Helianthemum spp., pp.336, 337, Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’, p.382 color. They are ideal for sunny, well-
YARROW, p.247 340, 345 GLADIOLI, p.384 drained rock and alpine gardens.
37
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Plants for coastal sites SHRUBS Genista hispanica, p.160
Acacia verticillata Genista tenera ‘Golden Shower’, p.116
In coastal regions, salt from sea spray is carried a considerable
Atriplex halimus Griselinia littoralis
distance inland on the wind, causing problems for many plants. Baccharis halimifolia Halimium lasianthum subsp. formosum,
However, some can tolerate high salt levels, and have hard-surfaced Berberis darwinii, p.111 p.161
or glossy leaves with low absorbency levels, or foliage covered with Brachyglottis Dunedin Group, p.161 Hebe ‘White Gem’, p.149
Buddleja globosa, p.116 Helichrysum italicum
fine hairs that prevent salt reaching the surface. Coastal gardens Bupleurum fruticosum, p.139 Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142
are often exposed, so protect plants with hedges or fences. Prepare Cassinia leptophylla subsp. fulvida Hydrangea macrophylla and cvs,
sandy soil by incorporating organic matter and garden loam, to Chamaerops humilis, p.165 pp.134–135
Choisya ternata, p.122 Lavatera x clementii ‘Rosea’, p.136
encourage deep root penetration, and use dense groundcover
Cistus ladanifer, p.150 LAVENDERS, p.158
plants to stabilize the sand and keep root areas cool. Colutea arborescens, p.139 Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Damask’,
Corokia x virgata p.123
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142 Leycesteria formosa
TREES Melaleuca viridiflora var. rubriflora Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142 Lonicera pileata, p.167
Acer pseudoplatanus and cvs, pp.65, Melia azedarach, p.71 Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142 Lycium barbarum
73, 84 Populus alba, p.60 Cytisus x spachianus Olearia ilicifolia, p.130
Alnus incana, p.61 Quercus suber, p.78 Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’, p.119 Olearia macrodonta, p.132
Arbutus andrachne Salix alba Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113 Ozothamnus ledifolius, p.151
Arbutus unedo, p.93 Schinus molle Erica arborea var. alpina, p.166 Parahebe perfoliata, p.271
Castanea sativa SORBUS, p.91 Erica cinerea ‘Eden Valley’, p.166 Phillyrea latifolia
Cordyline australis Escallonia ‘Donard Beauty’, p.154 Phlomis fruticosa, p.160
Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’, p.84 Conifers Escallonia rubra ‘Crimson Spire’ Pittosporum tobira
Eucalyptus coccifera, p.68 Cupressus macrocarpa Euonymus japonicus Pyracantha coccinea ‘Lalandei’
Eucalpytus gunnii, p.68 Juniperus conferta Euphorbia characias subsp. characias, p.147 Rhamnus alaternus ‘Argenteovariegata’
Fraxinus excelsior Pinus contorta var. latifolia, p.101 Fabiana imbricata Rosa rugosa, p.176
Ilex aquifolium cvs, pp.92, 94 Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, p.98 Felicia amelloides ‘Santa Anita’, p.157 Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Laurus nobilis, p.80 Pinus radiata, p.98 Fuchsia magellanica, p.154 Sambucus racemosa and cvs
Luma apiculata, p.78 x Cuprocyparis leylandii Fuchsia ‘Riccartonii’, p.154 Spartium junceum, p.140

38
Spiraea japonica var. albiflora Berkheya purpurea, p.269 Grasses and bamboos Gilia capitata, p.314
Tamarix ramosissima, p.114 Centaurea hypoleuca ‘John Coutts’, p.265 Ampelodesmos mauritanica, p.287 Lavatera trimestris cvs, pp.299, 305
Ulex europaeus ‘Flore Pleno’ Centranthus ruber, p.248 Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284 Limnanthes douglasii, p.321
Viburnum tinus Crambe maritima, p.264 Carex flagellifera, p.289 Matthiola ’Giant Excelsior’, p.303
Yucca gloriosa, p.132 Dianella caerulea CASSA BLUE (‘Dbb03’) Chionochloa rubra, p.285 Portulaca Margarita Series, p.324
Echinacea purpurea, p.221 Cortadera richardii, p.284 Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp.
CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Erigeron ‘Charity’ Cortaderia selloana spp., pp.284, 285 rosea, p.303
Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208 Eryngium variifolium, p.271 Elegia capensis, p.285 Senecio cineraria ‘Silver Dust’, p.315
Ercilla volubilis, p.192 Euphorbia griffithii ‘Fireglow’, p.246 Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, Tagetes
Euonymus fortunei ‘Coloratus’ Francoa sochifolia Rogerson’s form p.285
Fallopia baldschuanica, p.208 Geranium sanguineum, p.340 Miscanthus sinensis cvs, pp.285, 286 ROCK PLANTS
Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’, p.211 Hedychium coccineum ‘Tara’, p.220 Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’, p.289 Achillea clavennae, p.359
Hedera canariensis IRISES (some), pp.224–225 Pennisetum ‘Fairy Tails’ Aethionema grandiflorum, p.338
Muehlenbeckia complexa Leucanthemum x superbum Pseudosasa japonica, p.287 Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’, p.365
Schisandra rubriflora, p.202 ‘Sonnenschein’, p.231 Stipa tenuissima, p.288 Aubrieta deltoidea ‘Argenteovariegata’,
Tripterygium regelii Libertia ixioides ‘Goldfinger’, p.277 p.354
Tropaeolum tuberosum var. Myosotidium hortensia, p.271 ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Dianthus deltoides
lineamaculatum ‘Ken Aslet’, p.207 Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240 Antirrhinum majus and cvs, pp.306, Draba aizoides
Wisteria sinensis Osteospermum jucundum, p.265 319, 320 Iberis sempervirens, p.332
Pericallis x hybrida Argyranthemum frutescens, p.298 Origanum laevigatum, p.340
PERENNIALS Phormium tenax Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla, p.316 Oxalis enneaphylla
Anaphalis margaritacea, p.231 RED HOT POKERS, p.254 Calendula officinalis and cvs, pp.321, 322, Parahebe catarractae, p.342
Anchusa azurea ‘Loddon Royalist’, p.241 Romneya coulteri, p.216 325, 326 Phlox subulata ‘Marjorie’, p.365
Artemisia ludhoviciana ‘Valerie Finnis’, SEDUM, p.279 Clarkia amoena ‘Sybil Sherwood’, p.305 Pulsatilla vulgaris, p.334
p.274 Stachys byzantina, p.274 Coreopsis tinctoria, p.321 Saxifraga paniculata
Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’, p.268 Cynoglossum amabile ‘Firmament’, p.315 Sedum spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’,
BELOW Coastal retreat Verbascum ‘Cotswold Beauty’, p.246 Dianthus chinensis cvs, pp.305, 307 p.375
Dramatic agapanthus and architectural Veronicastrum virginicum ‘Fascination’, Dorotheanthus bellidiformis Sempervivum arachnoideum, p.377
phormiums are both ideal plants for p.220 Duranta erecta Silene schafta, p.346
exposed coastal sites with mild winters. YARROW, p.247 Eschscholzia californica, p.326 Thlaspi cepaeifolium subsp.
rotundifolium, p.352
BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Agapanthus spp. and cvs, pp.240,

241, 242
Crinum spp. and cvs, pp.383, 385
CROCOSMIA, p.410
CROCUSES, p.417
DAFFODILS, pp.404–405
Eucharis amazonica, p.414
Galtonia candicans, p.383
Hyacinthus orientalis and cvs, pp.403,
407, 415
Hymenocallis
Nerine spp. and cvs, pp.413, 414
Scilla spp. and cvs, pp.413, 416, 420, 423
Euphorbia characias subsp. characias Achillea filipendulina ‘Parker’s Variety’ Sprekelia formosissima, p.402
TULIPS, pp.400–401
Veltheimia bracteata, p.414
Zantedeschia aethiopica
TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS

Trees
Agonis flexuosa, p.450
Ficus macrophylla
Schefflera actinophylla, p.452
Tabebuia chrysotricha, p.452
Shrubs
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Nerium oleander, p.455
Climbers
Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’ Eryngium variifolium Bougainvillea glabra, p.462
Ficus pumila
Pandorea jasminoides, p.459
Pyrostegia venusta, p.464
Solandra maxima, p.464
Perennials
Anthurium andraeanum, p.470
Peperomia obtusifolia ‘Variegata’, p.474
Pilea cadierei, p.465
Tradescantia fluminensis
Cacti and succulents

AGAVE, p.482
Furcraea parmentieri
Lampranthus glaucoides 39
Felicia amelloides ‘Santa Anita’ Sedum spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’
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Trees and shrubs for exposed sites Climbers and shrubs for shady walls
In cold-climate gardens that are exposed to strong winter winds, Against cold, north- or east-facing walls, it is essential to choose
only the hardiest plants thrive without the protection of a windbreak. climbers that grow naturally in shade or semishade. These provide
Where providing one is not practical, it is essential to establish a reliable and effective foliage cover, and some have attractive flowers.
basic framework of trees, shrubs, and conifers that are fully hardy. A few climbing roses flower reasonably well in partially shaded
Carefully positioned within the garden, in groups, they provide situations and, together with climbers and shrubs, add color to the
sheltered situations where less hardy plants can be grown, while backs of borders. Shade-tolerant plants prefer moist, woodland-
still retaining a degree of openness if desired. type soils; when planting, dig in organic matter, such as leaf mold.
SHRUBS CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Azara microphylla, p.118 Akebia quinata, p.193
CAMELLIAS, pp.120–121 Berberidopsis corallina, p.202
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Moerloosei’, Celastrus scandens
p.122 Clematis ‘Frances Rivis’, p.200
Chaenomeles x superba ‘Rowallane’, Cotoneaster horizontalis, p.208
p.147 Crinodendron hookerianum, p.202
Choisya ternata, p.122 Ercilla volubilis, p.192
Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117 Euonymus fortunei ‘Coloratus’,
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142 Euonymus fortunei ‘Silver Queen’,
Daphne bholua ‘Jacqueline Postill’, p.144
p.143 x Fatshedera lizei, p.211
Drimys winteri, p.73 Forsythia suspensa, p.195
Eucryphia x nymansensis ‘Nymansay’, Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’, p.211
p.73 Hedera colchica ‘Dentata Variegata’
Fatsia japonica Hedera colchica ‘Sulphur Heart’, p.211
Jasminum nudiflorum, p.144 Hedera helix cvs, p.211
Mahonia japonica, p.144 HONEYSUCKLE, p.207
Mahonia x media ‘Charity’, p.118 Hydrangea petiolaris, p.195
Muehlenbeckia complexa Itea ilicifolia, p.211
Osmanthus decorus Lapageria rosea, p.202
Pyracantha spp. and cvs, pp.118, Parthenocissus spp. and cvs, pp.209, 210

128, 141, 144 Pileostegia viburnoides, p.196

Ribes laurifolium, p.165 Schisandra rubriflora, p.202
Rosa ‘Albéric Barbier’, p.184 Schizophragma hydrangeoides, p.197
Rosa ‘Madame Alfred Carrière’, Schizophragma integrifolium, p.197
p.184
TREES ABOVE Vibrant fall color Rosa ‘Madame Grégoire Staechelin’,
Acer platanoides and cvs, pp.60, 67 Cotinus species and hybrids make a p.185 BELOW Green-themed shade bed
Acer pseudoplatanus dramatic statement in fall. They thrive Rosa ‘Maigold’, p.187 Hostas and acers thrive in the shady
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii in full sun or partial shade, and tolerate Rosa THE PRINCE’S TRUST (‘Harholding’), p.186 conditions at the foot of sunless walls,
Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’, exposed sites. Rosa WHITE STAR (‘Harquill’), p.184 providing attractive foliage patterns.
p.84
Crataegus x lavallei ‘Carrierei’ Corylus maxima ‘Purpurea’, p.115
Fagus sylvatica and cvs, pp.61, 64, Cotinus coggygria ‘Golden Spirit’, p.116
79 Cotinus ‘Flame’, p.117
Fraxinus excelsior ‘Jaspidea’, p.60 Cotoneaster ‘Gnom’
Fraxinus ornus, p.71 Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117
Laburnum x watereri ‘Vossii’, p.84 Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Populus tremula Cotoneaster simonsii, p.143
SORBUS (many), p.91 Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Tilia cordata Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’,
p.140
Conifers Euonymus hamiltonianus, p.142
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp.
Chamaecyparis obtusa and cvs, pp.104, sieboldianus, p.142
105 Euonymus oxyphyllus, p.117
Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Filifera Aurea’, Ledum groenlandicum, p.145
p.105 LILACS, p.115
Juniperus communis ‘Hibernica’ Lonicera pileata, p.167
Juniperus x pfitzeriana and cvs, p.105 Mahonia aquifolium, p.148
Picea breweriana, p.99 Philadelphus ‘Beauclerk’, p.127
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, p.98 Philadelphus ‘Belle Etoile’, p.128
Pinus sylvestris, p.78 Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’,
Taxus baccata and cvs, pp.101, 102, p.145
105 Pyracantha x watereri, p.128
Tsuga canadensis, p.102 Ribes sanguineum ‘Edward VII’,
p.146
SHRUBS Rubus thibetanus, p.143
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, p.376 Salix purpurea
Amorpha canescens Sambucus nigra ‘Guincho Purple’
Berberis darwinii, p.111 Spiraea japonica ‘Albiflora’
Berberis ‘Rubrostilla’, p.162 Spiraea x vanhouttei, p.145
Berberis x stenophylla, p.127 Symphoricarpos x chenaultii ‘Hancock’
Buddleja davidii ‘Royal Red’ Ulex europaeus ‘Flore Pleno’
Calluna vulgaris and cvs, p.166 Viburnum bitchiuense, p.122
40 Chaenomeles cathayensis, p.142 Viburnum opulus ‘Xanthocarpum’
Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’, p.143 Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’, p.143
Drought-tolerant plants
Hot, sunny locations and free-draining, sandy soils demand plants
that tolerate dry conditions. Drought-resistant plants will survive
the increasing number of long, dry periods that some areas are now
experiencing even in normally wet seasons. All the plants listed
here have adapted to thrive in arid conditions, and will need little
or no additional irrigation once established, but guard against
waterlogged clay soils, in which they will quickly decline and die.
Agapanthus praecox subsp. orientalis Miscanthus sinensis ‘Cosmopolitan’
TREES Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’,
Arbutus unedo, p.93 p.220
Eucalyptus gunnii, p.68 Eryngium pandanifolium
Gleditsia triacanthos Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’, p.261
Ilex aquifolium, p.94 Gaillardia ‘Oranges and Lemons’, p.277
Olea europaea Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), p.271
Quercus suber, p.78 Geranium ‘Orion’, p.280
Rhus typhina Hedychium coccineum ‘Tara’, p.220
Lamium maculatum spp., pp.254, 255
SHRUBS Libertia ixioides ‘Goldfinger’, p.277
Abutilon ‘Ashford Red’, p.137 Lychnis coronaria, p.268
Acacia dealbata, p.211 Nepeta x faassenii, p.270
Artemisia abrotanum, p.165 Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240
Artemisia arborescens, p.165 ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238
Ballota pseudodictamnus, p.347 Osteospermum jucundum, p.265
Ceanothus spp. and cvs, pp.129, 138, Persicaria polymorpha, p.234
153, 157, 159, 194, 205, Phormium spp., p.216
Ceratostigma griffithii RED HOT POKERS, p.254
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Snow’, p.146 SALVIA, p.250
Cistus spp. and cvs, pp.150, 152, 153, Scabiosa caucasica
154 SEDUM, p.279
Colletia paradoxa, p.131 Sisyrinchium striatum, p.274

Convolvulus cneorum, p.149 Stachys byzantina, p.274
Cytisus spp. and cvs, pp.116, 148 Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’, p.268
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113 Verbascum ‘Cotswold Beauty’, p.246
Escallonia ‘Donard Beauty’, p.154 Verbascum ‘Gainsborough’, p.243
Euonymus hamiltonianus, p.142 Verbena bonariensis, p.221
Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp. YARROW, p.247
sieboldianus, p.142
Euonymus oxyphyllus, p.117 Grasses and bamboos Aubrieta deltoidea ‘Argenteovariegata’, ABOVE Water-wise gardening
Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii, Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287 p.354 Perovskia and Echinops ‘Veitch's Blue’
p.147 Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284 Dianthus deltoides can withstand periods of drought, while
Genista tenera ‘Golden Shower’, p.116 Carex flagellifera, p.289 Hebe pinguifolia ‘Pagei’, p.337 still providing a spectacular display.
Hebe spp. and cvs, pp.151, 152, 153, Chionochloa rubra, p.285 Hebe recurva, p.151
157, 165 Cortadera richardii, p.284 Parahebe catarractae, p.342 GLADIOLI, p.384
Helichrysum petiolare Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, Sedum spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’, Gladiolus murielae
Laurus nobilis, p.80 p.285 p. 375 Hippeastrum ‘Black Pearl’
Lonicera nitida Festuca glauca HOUSELEEKS, p.377 Hyacinthus orientalis and cvs,
Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’, p.159 Helictotrichon sempervirens, p.288
pp.403, 407, 415
Phlomis fruticosa, p.160 Miscanthus sinensis ‘Flamingo’, p.286 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS Hymenocallis ‘Sulphur Queen’
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157 Miscanthus sinensis ‘Yakushima Dwarf’, Allium aflatunense, p.382 Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Santolina spp., p.159 p.285 Allium atropurpureum, p.392 Iris reticulata and cvs
Spartium junceum, p.140 Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus, Allium ‘Gladiator’, p.392 Muscari botryoides ‘Album’, p.415
Yucca spp., pp.132, 151 ‘Cosmopolitan’, p.285 Allium ‘Globemaster’, p.392 Nerine bowdenii ‘Nikita’
Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’, p.289 Allium ‘Mount Everest’, p.385 Ornithogalum nutans, p.399
CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Pennisetum ‘Fairy Tails’ Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group, Ornithogalum umbellatum, p.416
Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208 Pennisetum alopecuroides p.409 Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’,
Parthenocissus tricuspidata, p.209 Schizostylis ‘Mrs Hegarty’ Allium oreophilum, p.418 p.385
Trachelospermum jasminoides, p.195 Stipa tenuissima, p.288 Allium ‘Purple Sensation’, p.392 Scilla bifolia
Vitis coignetiae, p.209 ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387 Scilla siberica ‘Alba’, p.416
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Anemone blanda ‘Violet Star’, p.418 Triteleia ixiodes ‘Starlight’, p.407
PERENNIALS Cleome hassleriana ‘Colour Fountain’, Anemone coronaria De Caen Group Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’, p.241 p.304 ‘Mr Fokker’, p.403 TULIPS, pp.400–401
Agapanthus ‘Phantom’ Crepis aurea, p.345 Anemone ranunculoides, p.263 Watsonia meriana, p.385
Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’, p.241 Gazania Kiss Series, p.324 Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus Osteospermum ecklonis and cvs, pp.301, Bellavalia romana, p.399 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
‘Graskop’, p.240 311 Brodiaea ‘Queen Fabiola’ Shrubs
Anaphalis spp., p.231 PELARGONIUMS, p.309 Calochortus superbus, p.409 Plectranthus fructicosus ‘James’,
Anthemis spp. and cvs, pp.243, 264 Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp. Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419 p.454
Artemisia spp. and cvs, pp.216, 242, rosea, p.303 CROCOSMIA, p.410
274 Zinnia spp. and cvs, pp.298, 306, 307, CROCUSES, p.417 Cacti and succulents
Bergenia ‘Beethoven’, p.256 316, 325 Cyclamen coum ‘Maurice Dryden’, AGAVES, p.482
Bergenia ‘Eric Smith’ p.428 ALOES, p.493
Berkheya purpurea, p.269 ROCK PLANTS Cyclamen coum Pewter Group , p.429 Echeveria montana
Campanula persicifolia Aubrieta spp. and cvs, pp.353, 354, DAHLIAS, pp.396–398 Furcraea parmentieri
CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266–267 355 Fritillaria imperalis ‘Lutea’, p.382 Kalanchoe laetivirens
Echinops bannaticus ‘Taplow Blue’, Achillea clavennae, p.359 Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’, p.382 41
p.241 Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’, p.365
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Plants for hedges and windbreaks Prunus lusitanica Grasses and bamboos
Pyracantha x watereri, p.128 Arundo donax
Plants for hedging are often selected for their ornamental qualities,
Rosa ‘Céleste’, p.173 Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
but there are other aspects to consider. Boundary hedges can Rosa ‘Felicia’, p.173 Cortaderia selloana ‘Sunningdale Silver’,
provide visual privacy, or screen unsightly buildings; they may also Rosa ‘Frühlingsmorgen’ p.284
be bushy or thorny to keep out animals or intruders. Make sure that Rosa gallica var. officinalis Fargesia nitida
Rosa gallica var. officinalis ‘Versicolor’, Miscanthus sinensis and cvs, pp.284, 285,
plants for screening will grow to the required height, and select p.174 286
conifers or evergreen shrubs for year-round effect. In exposed sites, Rosa glauca, p.176 Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
trees and deciduous shrubs can be used as windbreaks; two or three Rosa GRAHAM THOMAS (‘Ausmas’), p.176 288, 289
Rosa ‘Great Maiden’s Blush’, p.173 Pseudosasa japonica, p.287
staggered rows are more effective than a single, closely planted one.
Rosa JACQUELINE DU PRÉ (‘Harwanna’), p.172 Semiarundinaria fastuosa, p.287
Rosa ‘Marguerite Hilling’, p.173
Rosa moyesii ‘Geranium’, p.176 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
TREES Forsythia x intermedia cvs, p.127 Rosa ‘Nevada’, p.173 Trees
Arbutus unedo, p.93
Griselinia littoralis Rosa ‘Penelope’, p.172 Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum, p.459
Carpinus betulus
Hippophäe rhamnoides, p.142 Rosa rugosa, p.176 Metrosideros excelsa, p.450
Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’,
HYDRANGEAS, p.134 Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157 Syzygium paniculatum, p.450
p.93
LAVENDERS, p.158 Tamarix ramosissima, p.114
Crataegus monogyna
Leptospermum scoparium and cvs, Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’, p.143 Shrubs
Fagus sylvatica, p.64
pp.123, 130 Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’, p.457
HOLLIES, p.94
Ligustrum ovalifolium, p.119 PERENNIALS Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Laurus nobilis, p.80
Lonicera nitida Eupatorium purpureum
Melaleuca viridiflora var. rubriflora
Pittosporum tenuifolium, p.120 Filipendula camtschatica
Nothofagus dombeyi, p.68
Prunus laurocerasus Phormium tenax
Nothofagus obliqua, p.63
Olea europaea
Populus x canadensis ‘Robusta’,
p.62
Prunus lusitanica
Umbellularia californica, p.69
Conifers
Abies grandis, p.98

Cedrus deodara, p.96

Cephalotaxus harringtonii
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
x Cuprocyparis ‘Castlewellan’,
p.99
Cupressus macrocarpa
Juniperus communis
Larix decidua, p.97
Forsythia x intermedia ‘Beatrix Farrand’ Rosa gallica var. officinalis ‘Versicolor’ Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’
Picea omorika, p.98
Pinus nigra
Pinus radiata, p.98
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca,
p.96
Taxus baccata
Thuja plicata
Tsuga canadensis, p.102
SHRUBS
Berberis darwinii, p.111
Berberis thunbergii ‘Rose Glow’,
p.137
Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’,
p.167
Choisya ternata, p.122
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Cotoneaster simonsii, p.143
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Elaeagnus ebbingei
Escallonia ‘Langleyensis’
Escallonia ‘Donard Beauty’, p.154
Euonymus japonicus ‘Macrophyllus’
RIGHT Formal definition

In this mature garden, yew hedges form
green walls, providing shelter as well
42 as excellent structure. Boxwood hedges
give a formal edge to the flower beds.
Architectural plants
Plants that stand out and draw the eye with their strong, distinctive
appearance are termed “architectural” plants. They give character
and substance to a garden, and help to form the basic framework.
Most are trees, conifers, and shrubs, which provide a permanent
effect throughout the year, and they usually have a strong shape,
such as vertical or conical forms of conifer, or bear striking foliage,
such as giant-leaved gunneras and spiky phormiums.
Agave americana ‘Marginata’ Yucca gloriosa

TREES Euphorbia characias subsp. characias,
Acer griseum, p.78 p.147
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii and cvs, Hedychium coccineum ‘Tara’, p.220
p.78 HOSTAS (many), pp.272–273
Cordyline australis ‘Atropurpurea’, p.451 Kniphofia caulescens, p.254
CORNUS (many), p.126 Kniphofia northiae, p.254
Eucalyptus spp., pp.67, 68, 79 Ligularia ‘Britt Marie Crawford’, p.445
Kalopanax septemlobus, p.74 Ligularia ‘The Rocket’, p.219
Luma apiculata, p.78 Mathiasella bupleroides ‘Green Dream’,
MAGNOLIAS, p.70 p.242
Paulownia tomentosa, p.72 Persicaria polymorpha, p.234
Phoenix canariensis Phormium ‘Dazzler’, p.216
Quercus suber, p.78 Rodgersia pinnata ‘Fireworks’
Trachycarpus fortunei, p.80 Rudbeckia maxima, p.251
Trochodendron aralioides, p.79 Verbascum olympicum, p.219
Conifers Grasses and bamboos

Abies spp., pp.95, 96, 100, 104 Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287
Araucaria araucana, p.98 Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
Calocedrus decurrens, p.101 Chusquea culeou, p.288
Cedrus spp., pp.95, 96, 97, 104 Cortadera richardii, p.284
Juniperus x pfitzeriana ‘William Pfitzer’ Cortaderia selloana and cvs, pp.284, 285

Metasequoia glyptostroboides, p.96 Elegia capensis, p.285
Picea glauca ‘Coerulea’, p.99 Miscanthus sinensis and cvs, pp.284, 285,
Picea pungens and cvs, pp.99, 105 286
Pinus bungeana, p.78 Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
Pinus densiflora ‘Transparent’, p.286
Pinus sylvestris, p.78 Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
Pseudolarix amabilis, p.102 288, 289
Sciadopitys verticillata, p.101 Thamnocalamus crassinodus ‘Kew
Taxodium distichum, p.99 Beauty’, p.286
Tsuga heterophylla
Ferns
SHRUBS Asplenium scolopendrium
Aesculus parviflora, p.113 Marginatum Group, p.292
Acer palmatum ‘Shindeshojo’, p.123 Blechnum tabulare
Colletia paradoxa, p.131 Dicksonia antarctica, p.290
FLOWERING DOGWOODS, p.87 Polystichum munitum, p.293
Cotoneaster x watereri ‘John Waterer’, Woodwardia radicans
p.142
Daphniphyllum macropodum, p.111 ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Eriobotrya japonica, p.194 Alcea rosea
Fatsia japonica Amaranthus spp. and cvs, pp.307, 308
Mahonia japonica, p.144 BEGONIAS, p.317
Mahonia x media and cvs, p.118 Calomeria amaranthoides
Olearia ilicifolia, p.130 Onopordum acanthium, p.304 Rheum palmatum ‘Atrosanguineum’, ABOVE Architectural beauty
Olearia macrodonta, p.132 Silybum marianum, p.304 p.439 A tropical effect is created by dramatic
Parkinsonia aculeata Sagittaria latifolia, p.434 Phoenix canariensis and the vibrant
BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS Thalia dealbata leaves of Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’.
Rhus typhina ‘Dissecta’, p.117
Yucca spp., pp.132, 151 Arisaema consanguineum, p.393
Arum creticum, p.407 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS GINGERS, p.477
CLIMBERS CANNAS, p.394 Trees Heliconia psittacorum, p.478
Schizophragma spp., p.197 Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385 Dracaena draco, p.451 Platycerium bifurcatum,
Vitis coignetiae, p.209 CROCOSMIA, p.410 Jacaranda mimosifolia, p.451 p.479
WISTERIA, p.205 Dracunculus vulgaris, p.386 Washingtonia robusta, p.451 Puya chilensis, p.471
GLADIOLI, p.384 Strelitzia reginae, p.476
PERENNIALS Sauromatum venosum, p.403 Shrubs
Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’, p.219 Zantedeschia aethiopica Cycas revoluta, p.457 Cacti and succulents
Acanthus spinosus, p.239 Protea cynaroides, p.454 Aeonium tabuliforme, p.491
Angelica archangelica, p.219 WATER PLANTS AGAVES, p.482
Astelia chathamica, p.242 Darmera peltata, p.438 Climbers ALOES (most), p.493
Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana, p.278 Eichhornia crassipes, p.441 Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’, Carnegiea gigantea, p.492
Berkheya macrocephala, p.243 Gunnera manicata, p.443 p.460 Cereus spp., p.488
Cynara cardunculus, p.216 Ligularia spp., p.445 Monstera deliciosa, p.463 Cyphostemma juttae, p.487
Echinops bannaticus ‘Taplow Blue’, Lysichiton americanus, p.444 Euphorbia candelabrum
p.241 Matteuccia struthiopteris, p.443 Perennials Furcraea parmentieri
Opuntia spp., pp.481, 483, 486, 488,
Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’, p.220 Orontium aquaticum, p.444 Cyathea australis, p.452 43
Eryngium pandanifolium Pontederia cordata, p.441 Ensete ventricosum, p.474 494, 496
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Plants for quick cover Campanula punctata ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Campanula takesimana, p.241 Petunia ‘Wave Purple’
In gardens with steep banks, large spaces that are impractical
Chelidonium majus ‘Flore Pleno’, p.227 Portulaca grandiflora Series and cvs
to sod or cultivate, or areas that have become neglected, or if Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256 Sanvitalia procumbens, p.322
there is little time for maintenance, plants that have good ground- Duchesnea indica Satureja douglasii
covering qualities provide a practical solution. Their rapid, dense, Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae, p.262 Tropaeolum majus Series and cvs,
Geranium ‘Orion’, p.280 pp.307, 323, 327
leafy or twiggy growth helps to suppress weeds, while creating Geranium macrorrhizum, p.269
a decorative blanket of flowers and foliage. Old walls, fences, or Geranium x oxonianum ‘Claridge Druce’ ROCK PLANTS
screens masking utility areas that also need a quick disguise can Glechoma hederacea ‘Variegata’, p.277 Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica and cvs,
Lamium maculatum and cvs, pp.254, 255 pp.347, 352
be covered with vigorous climbers, such as ivy (Hedera). Always
LUNGWORTS, p.261 Asarum europaeum, p.375
select plants that are suitable for the soil conditions. Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240 Aubrieta deltoidea ‘Argenteovariegata’,
Osteospermum jucundum, p.265 p.354
PERSICARIA, p.234 Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
CONIFERS Rubus tricolor Prunella grandiflora ‘Pink Loveliness’ Cerastium tomentosum, p.350
Juniperus conferta Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’ Stachys byzantina, p.274 Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus ‘Follis Symphytum x uplandicum ‘Variegatum’, 338, 340, 344, 345
SHRUBS Variegatis', p.160 p.227 Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’,
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens, p.159 p.365
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142 CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Grasses and Bamboos Persicaria vacciniifolia, p.373
Cotoneaster ‘Gnom’ Hedera spp. and cvs, p.211 Carex flagellifera, p.289 Phlox douglasii and cvs, pp.365, 366
Cotoneaster ‘Skogholm’ Hydrangea petiolaris, p.195 Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287 Phuopsis stylosa
Gaultheria shallon, p.154 Lonicera japonica cvs, p.207 Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Tatra’, p.288 Saxifraga stolonifera
Hypericum calycinum, p.161 Trachelospermum jasminoides, p.195 Phalaris arundinacea var. picta Tiarella cordifolia, p.333
Waldsteinia ternata, p.372
BELOW A tapestry of green shades PERENNIALS Ferns
The strappy leaves of gardener’s garters Alchemilla mollis, p.275 Dryopteris dilatata TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
(Phalaris arundinacea var. picta) provide Anemone tomentosa Polystichum aculeatum Perennials
excellent groundcover. Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana, p.264 Polystichum setiferum Groups, p.291 Heterocentron elegans

Pulmonaria ‘Lewis Palmer’ Campanula poscharskyana
Geranium macrorrhizum Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana
44
Alchemilla mollis Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’
Groundcover plants for shade
An area that is shaded for some or most of the day may be
regarded by some gardeners as a problem space, when in
fact it should be viewed as an opportunity to experiment with
a different, and often an equally exciting, range of plants. The
following groundcover plants will provide a wealth of colorful
flowers and foliage, and may be planted in even deep shade,
provided the soil is reasonably fertile. Where the shade is
caused by trees and large shrubs, the soil will also be very
dry. Keep new plants well watered during their first year
until established.
Astrantia maxima Geranium sanguineum
SHRUBS Tolmiea menziesii

Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142 Vancouveria hexandra
Cotoneaster ‘Gnom’
Cotoneaster ‘Herbstfeuer’ Grasses and bamboos
Daphne laureola subsp. philippi, p.147 Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
Epigaea asiatica Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Tatra’, p.288
Euonymus fortunei ‘Kewensis’ Phalaris arundinacea var. picta
Gaultheria shallon, p.154
Hypericum calycinum, p.161 Ferns
Leucothöe fontanesiana Adiantum venustum, p.292
Lonicera pileata, p.167 Athyrium spp. and cvs, p.290
Mahonia aquifolium, p.148 Blechnum penna-marina, p.290
Mahonia repens Blechnum spicant
Paxistima canbyi Polypodium cambricum ‘Richard Kayse’,
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’, p.145 p.293
Convallaria majalis Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’
Rubus tricolor Polypodium vulgare and cvs, p.291
Ruscus hypoglossum, p.167 Polystichum setiferum Groups, pp.291
Sarcococca confusa, p.142

Sarcococca humilis, p.164 ROCK PLANTS
Vinca spp., pp.164, 165 Asarina procumbens, p.371
Asarum europaeum, p.375
CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
Hedera spp. and cvs, p.211 Campanula poscharskyana, p.367
Cardamine trifolia, p.348
PERENNIALS Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, p.346
Acanthus spinosus, p.239 Cornus canadensis, p.360
Ajuga pyramidalis Galax urceolata, p.336
Ajuga reptans ‘Atropurpurea’ Geranium sanguineum, p.340
Alchemilla mollis, p.275 Homogyne alpina
Anemone apennina Maianthemum bifolium, p.348
Anemone tomentosa Mitchella repens
Arisarum proboscideum Pachysandra terminalis, p.375
Asarum caudatum Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’,
Astrantia maxima, p.278 p.365
Brunnera macrophylla Prunella grandiflora, p.368
Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’, p.261 Saxifraga stolonifera
Chelidonium majus ‘Flore Pleno’, p.227 Saxifraga x urbium
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256 Tiarella cordifolia, p.333
Convallaria majalis, p.255 Viola riviniana Purpurea Group p.355
Dicentra formosa Waldsteinia ternata, p.372
Dicentra spectabilis, p.223
Duchesnea indica TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Epimedium epsteinii, p.260 Perennials
Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’, p.263 Elatostema repens
Epimedium davidii Fittonia albivenis
Epimedium perralderianum
Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae,
p.262
Galium odoratum, p.263
Geranium macrorrhizum, p.269
Geranium renardii, p.264
Glechoma hederacea ‘Variegata’, p.277
HEUCHERA, p.282
HOSTAS (some), pp.272–273
Hypsela reniformis
Lamium maculatum and cvs, pp.254, 255
Liriope muscari, p.280
LUNGWORTS, p.261
Meehania urticifolia
Omphalodes cappadocica
Pachyphragma macrophyllum RIGHT A covering in shade
Plectranthus oertendahlii Ferns, hostas, and heucheras fill the
Symphytum grandiflorum space and offer interesting textures 45
Tellima grandiflora Rubra Group, p.279 and contrasts in shady corners.
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Groundcover plants for sun
Many plants grow naturally in dry, sunny conditions. Some have
developed foliage characteristics to minimize moisture loss from
their leaves; others are densely branched, keeping the soil surface
shaded and cool. Most have extensive root systems that penetrate
deeply to find moisture. These plants are adapted to well-drained
soils; in poorly drained situations, they may not survive prolonged
wet conditions. Although adapted to poorer, dry soils, young
plants may have been grown in richer potting medium and well
watered, so when planting, incorporate organic matter, such as
leaf mold or coir, and water in dry weather until well established.
CONIFERS Osteospermum jucundum, p.265 Centaurea montana Osteospermum jucundum

Juniperus communis ‘Prostrata’ Persicaria bisorta ‘Superba’, p.234
Juniperus horizontalis ‘Wiltonii’ Phlomis russeliana, p.243
Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Carpet’, p.105 SEDUM, p.279
Microbiota decussata, p.105 Stachys byzantina, p.274
Picea abies ‘Inversa’ Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’, p.268
Veronica prostrata and cvs, p.343
SHRUBS Waldsteinia ternata, p.372
Arctostaphylos nevadensis
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, p.376 Grasses and bamboos
Berberis wilsoniae Chionochloa rubra, p.285
Brachyglottis Dunedin Hybrids ‘Sunshine’
Calluna vulgaris ‘White Lawn’ ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens, p.159 Calibrachoa Cabaret Series CABARET APRICOT
Cotoneaster cashmiriensis (‘Balcabapt’)
Cotoneaster ‘Skogholm’ Calibrachoa Cabaret Series LIGHT PINK
Cytisus x beanii, p.335 (‘Balcablitpi’), p.300
Cytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus Calibrachoa Million Bells Series MILLION
Ephedra gerardiana Tropaeolum majus Alaska Series Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana

BELLS CHERRY PINK (‘Sunbelrichipi’), p.306

Erica carnea ‘Springwood White’, p.166 Dichondra argentea ‘Silver Falls’ ‘Sulphurea’
Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’ Dichondra repens ‘Emerald Falls’
Euonymus fortunei ‘Kewensis’ Lantana montevidensis, p.310
Gaultheria myrsinoides Tropaeolum spp. and cvs, pp.307, 323, 327
Genista hispanica, p.160
x Halimiocistus sahucii, p.149 ROCK PLANTS
Hebe carnosula Acaena microphylla, p.374
Hebe pinguifolia ‘Pagei’, p.337 Antennaria dioica var. rosea, p.351
Hebe ‘Youngii’ Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica
Hypericum calycinum, p.161 ‘Variegata’, p.347
LAVENDERS, p.158 Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’, p.365
Leiophyllum buxifolium Aubrieta spp. and cvs, pp.353, 354, 355
Leptospermum rupestre, p.151 Aurinia saxatilis and cvs, p.335
Potentilla fruticosa ‘Abbotswood’, p.149 Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Prostratus’ Campanula poscharskyana, p.367
Salix repens, p.147 Dianthus gratianopolitanus, p.363
Santolina spp., p.159 Dryas octopetala, p.361
Stephanandra incisa ‘Crispa’ Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
Symphoricarpos x chenaultii ‘Hancock’ 338, 340, 344, 345,
Ulex europaeus ‘Flore Pleno’ Hypericum olympicum
Vinca major ‘Variegata’ Iberis sempervirens, p.332
Lithodora diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’, p.343
CLIMBERS Nierembergia repens, p.361
Hedera colchica ‘Dentata Variegata’ Phlox douglasii ‘Crackerjack’, p.365
Hedera helix spp. and cvs, p.211 Phuopsis stylosa, p.338
Lathyrus latifolius, p.201 Thymus ‘Bressingham’, p.365
Thymus caespititus var. cilicicus, p.366
PERENNIALS Veronica prostrata ‘Kapitan’
Alchemilla mollis, p.275
Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana, p.264 BOG PLANTS
Artemisia alba ‘Canescens’ Rheum palmatum ‘Atrosanguineum’,
Aster ericoides f. prostratus ‘Snowflurry’ p.439
Bergenia ‘Beethoven’, p.256
Bergenia ‘Eric Smith’ TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Campanula takesimana, p.241 Climbers
Centaurea montana, p.269 Kennedia rubicunda
Euphorbia polychroma, p.262 Pyrostegia venusta
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson’s form
Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), p.271 Perennials
Geranium ‘Orion’, p.280 Centropogon cordifolius
Geranium sanguineum, p.340 Heterocentron elegans
Hypericum spp.
Lysimachia punctata, p.243 RIGHT Purple and yellow display
Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240 Aubrietia deltoides and Aurinia saxatilis
46 Nepeta x faassenii, p.270 provide a bright display of ground-
Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’, p.274 covering color in sun.
Plants for dry shade Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae,
p.262
Camassia quamash, p.411
Dry, shady conditions persist under evergreen trees throughout the Geranium macrorrhizum, pp.269, 223 Colchicum autumnale, p.426
year, and although very little moisture penetrates the soil beneath Iris foetidissima, p.225 Cyclamen coum ‘Maurice Dryden’, p.428
the leaf canopy of deciduous trees, except during prolonged rainfall, Lamium maculatum Cyclamen coum Pewter Group, p.429
Lunaria rediviva DAFFODILS, pp.404–405
a few early-flowering bulbs, such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides
LUNGWORTS, p.261 Galanthus ‘Hill Poe’, p.427
non-scripta), and woodland plants grow naturally there, dying Pachysandra terminalis, p.375 Galanthus woronowii, p.428
down as the trees resume growth in spring. In gardens, dry shade Polygonatum x hybridum, p.223 Haemanthus albiflos
occurs under larger, low-branched trees or where eaves extend Scopolia carniolica, p.260 Hyacinthoides x massartiana, p.403
Symphytum ‘Goldsmith’ Hyacinthoides non-scripta, p.403
over borders. Plant in the fall so that roots are well established by Symphytum ibericum Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
the following spring, and fertilize regularly and water during dry Tellima grandiflora Scilla siberica ’Alba’, p.416
weather until the plants are established. Tolmiea menziesii
Viola riviniana ‘Purpurea’ TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Climbers
TREES Alchemilla mollis, p.275 Grasses and bamboos Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’,
HOLLIES, p.94 Anemone tomentosa Carex flagellifera, p.289 p.460
Aster divaricatus, p.249 Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Tatra’, p.288 Cissus striata
Conifers Campanula persicifolia
Taxus baccata ‘Adpressa’ Chelidonium majus ‘Flore Pleno’, Ferns Perennials
Taxus cuspidata, p.104 p.227 Asplenium ceterach, p.293 Achimenes
Tsuga canadensis, p.102 Corydalis lutea, p.344 Asplenium scolopendrium, p.292 Chirita
Digitalis purpurea Cyrtomium falcatum, p.291 Clivia miniata, p.476
SHRUBS Doronicum x excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’ Dryopteris filix-mas, p.293 Nephrolepsis exaltata
Berberis thunbergii ‘Rose Glow’, p.137 Epimedium spp. and cvs, pp.254, 260, Polypodium vulgare, p.291 Pteris cretica
Berberis valdiviana, p.111 262, 263 Polystichum aculeatum Tradescantia zebrina ‘Quadricolor’
Buxus sempervirens
Choisya ternata, p.122
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Daphne laureola and forms
Elaeagnus x ebbingei
Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’
Euonymus japonicus
Fatsia japonica

Gaultheria shallon, p.154
Hypericum calycinum, p.161
Hypericum x inodorum ‘Elstead’, p.161
Hypericum x moserianum
Lonicera pileata, p.167
Mahonia aquifolium, p.148
Mahonia x media and cvs, p.118
Osmanthus decorus
Osmanthus delavayi, p.110
Pachysandra terminalis, p.375 Cotoneaster horizontalis
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’, p.145
Prunus laurocerasus ‘Zabeliana’, p.145
Prunus lusitanica
Rubus tricolor
Ruscus aculeatus, p.167
Ruscus hypoglossum, p.167
Sambucus nigra ‘Guincho Purple’
Sarcococca humilis, p.164
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus, p.142
Vaccinium angustifolium var. laevifolium,
p.163
Viburnum rhytidophyllum, p.112
Viburnum tinus
Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’, p.143
Vinca major
Vinca minor, p.165
CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna

Berberidopsis corallina, p.202
Celastrus orbiculatus
Cotoneaster horizontalis, p.208
Hedera canariensis
Hedera helix and cvs, p.211
Lapageria rosea, p.202
Lonicera japonica ‘Halliana’
Lonicera periclymenum and cvs, p.207
PERENNIALS
Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’, p.219
Acanthus spinosus, p.239
Ajuga reptans cvs
RIGHT Oceans of blue

English bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-
scripta) are perfect plants for dry shade, 47
producing a carpet of blue flowers. Geranium phaeum
www.ebook777.com
Plants for moist shade RHODODENDRONS, pp.124–125 Grasses and bamboos
Ruscus aculeatus, p.167 Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
In areas with high rainfall, the soil in parts of the garden that receive
Salix exigua, p.112 Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
little or no sun may be cool and moist throughout the year. Low- Salix magnifica Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’, p.285
lying gardens with a high water table or drainage problems may Sarcococca spp. and cvs, pp.142, 164 Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
also have shady, permanently damp areas. Similar conditions occur Skimmia japonica, p.164 288, 289
Spiraea japonica ‘Albiflora’ Thamnocalamus crassinodus ‘Kew
along the margins of natural streams, or when an artificial bog is Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus, Beauty’, p.286
created beside a garden pond. Take advantage of these situations to p.142
grow plants such as broad-leaved hostas, ferns, and taller moisture- Viburnum opulus and cvs, pp.142, 162 Ferns
Viburnum ‘Pragense’, p.131 Athyrium ‘Ghost’, p.290
loving primulas. Plant in spring, enriching lighter soils with well-rotted
Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’, p.143 Athyrium niponicum, p.290
organic matter. Water during extended dry periods, if necessary. Athyrium niponicum var. pictum
CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS ‘Burgundy Lace’, p.290
Akebia quinata, p.193 Blechnum tabulare
TREES Disanthus cercidifolius, p.141 Asteranthera ovata Cyathea medullaris
Acer spp. and cvs, pp.60, 62, 65, 66, 67, Gaultheria procumbens, p.373 Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’, p.211 Dicksonia antarctica, p.290
73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90, Kalmia latifolia, p.136 Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’, p.194 Lygodium japonicum
91, 92, 115, 117, 123, 138, 156 Ledum groenlandicum, p.145 Hydrangea petiolaris, p.195 Osmunda claytoniana
Betula nigra, p.78 Leucothöe fontanesiana Lonicera tragophylla, p.207 Polypodium cambricum ‘Richard Kayse’,
Stewartia pseudocamellia, p.78 Lindera benzoin, p.127 Pileostegia viburnoides, p.196 p.293
Stewartia sinensis, p.78 Lyonia ligustrina Schizophragma integrifolium, p.197 Polystichum munitum, p.293
Myrica gale, p.162 Woodwardia radicans
SHRUBS Neillia thibetica, p.133 PERENNIALS
Anopterus glandulosus, p.110 Paeonia ludlowii, p.229 Aconitum ‘Stainless Steel’, p.241 ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Cassiope lycopodioides, p.349 Paeonia rockii Actaea pachypoda, p.246 BEGONIAS, p.317
Clethra arborea Paxistima canbyi Anemone x hybrida cvs, pp.220, 222 Impatiens walleriana and cvs, p.307
Crataegus laevigata ‘Punicea’ Pieris formosa var. forrestii ‘Wakehurst’, Anthurium scherzerianum Satureja douglasii
Cyathodes colensoi, p.346 p.137 Asarum europaeum, p.375
Danäe racemosa Prunus laurocerasus Astelia chathamica, p.242 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS
Astrantia major and cvs, pp.238, 278 Arisaema spp., p.393, 406, 408, 412, 422
Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana, Arisarum proboscideum
p.278 Arum italicum ‘Marmoratum’, p.421
Bergenia spp. and cvs, pp.255, 256, Camassia leichtlinii, p.383

280 Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385

Brunnera macrophylla and cvs, p.261 Galanthus elwesii, p.427
Calanthe striata, p.275 Galanthus nivalis and cvs, pp.427, 428
Cardamine pentaphyllos, p.260 Galanthus plicatus subsp. plicatus
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, Leucojum vernum, p.414
p.256
Cimicifuga racemosa WATER AND BOG PLANTS
Convallaria majalis, p.255 Aruncus dioicus, p.436
Cortusa matthioli, p.341 Darmera peltata, p.438
Cyathodes colensoi, p.346 Leucojum aestivum, p.436
Deinanthe caerulea Ligularia ‘Britt Marie Crawford’, p.445
Dianella caerulea CASSA BLUE (‘Dbb03’), Matteuccia struthiopteris, p.443
Galanthus elwesii Passiflora coccinea p.283 Onoclea sensibilis, p.443
Digitalis x mertonensis
Epigaea gaultherioides, p.351 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Hacquetia epipactis, p.356 Climbers
Hedyotis michauxii, p.369 Dioscorea discolor
Helleborus x hybridus, p.281 Passiflora coccinea, p.462
HEUCHERA AND x HEUCHERELLA, Thunbergia mysorensis, p.464
p.282
HOSTAS, pp.272–273 Perennials
Jeffersonia diphylla, p.333 Alpinia hainanensis, p.477
Kirengeshoma palmata, p.251 Alpinia purpurata, p.477
Lamium maculatum Aspidistra spp. and cvs
Lathraea clandestina, p.260 Calathea zebrina, p.475
Ligularia ‘The Rocket’, p.219 Caulokaempferia petelotii
Lithophragma parviflorum, p.332 Cornukaempferia aurantiflora ‘Jungle
Mitella breweri, p.371 Gold’, p.477
Omphalodes cappadocica and cvs, Curcuma petiolata, p.477
pp.261, 334 Curcuma zedoaria, p.477
Pachysandra terminalis, p.375 Cyathea australis, p.452
Polygonatum x hybridum, p.223 Dichorisandra reginae, p.473
Pratia pedunculata, p.369 Hemiorchis patlingii
PRIMULAS (many), pp.257–259 Lysionotus pauciflorus
Prunella grandiflora, p.368 Maranta leuconeura ‘Erythroneura’,
Rodgersia pinnata ‘Fireworks’, p.234 p.475
Tiarella cordifolia, p.333 Peliosanthes arisanensis, p.472
Trillium grandiflorum, p.255 Ponerorchis hybrids
Uvularia grandiflora, p.262 Ruellia devosiana, p.465
Vancouveria hexandra Selaginella martensii, p.478
Streptocarpus spp. and cvs, pp.465,
469, 473
Xanthosoma sagittifolium, p.474
LEFT Fresh, cool greens
Zingiber mioga
Ferns and large-leaved hostas, seen here
48 with blue Corydalis flexuosa, flourish in
cool, moist shade.
Shrubs preferring wall protection Plants for paving and wall crevices
Walls can provide favorable growing conditions for shrubs, In mountainous regions, many alpine plants grow in deep cracks
especially evergreens, that are borderline hardy for the region. and crevices in the rock. Some are clump-forming or trailing in
Some winter-flowering shrubs also bloom more reliably and habit; others, such as saxifrages and sempervivums, grow as
freely when given wall protection. The best wall-side situations rosettes extending by means of runners. If laying paving, leave
are warm and sunny, and provide good shelter from cold winds crevices for small plants, but restrict planting to little-used areas
in winter and early spring. The warmth from heat loss through where they can survive. When building stone retaining walls, tilt
house walls, and the well-drained conditions near the base slabs slightly backward to create deep pockets, and plant them
of walls, also assist the survival of slightly tender shrubs that as the wall is being constructed. Most wall plants thrive in sunny
dislike damp soil. situations, but ramondas and most small ferns prefer moist shade.
SHRUBS Olearia x scilloniensis

Abelia floribunda Osteomeles schweriniae, p.129
Abutilon ‘Ashford Red’, p.137 Robinia hispida, p.133
Abutilon vitifolium ‘Victoria Tennant’, Rosa ‘Mermaid’, p.182
p.114 Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Acacia podalyriifolia SALVIAS, p.155
Acacia pravissima, p.92 Vestia foetida, p.194
Acca sellowiana, p.203
Aloysia triphylla, p.132 CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS
Artemisia spp. and cvs, pp.165, 216, Abutilon megapotanicum, p.203
242, 274 Azara serrata, p.195
Azara microphylla ‘Variegata’, p.119 Buddleja crispa, p.204
Buddleja asiatica Callistemon citrinus ‘Splendens’,
Cantua buxifolia, p.146 p.203
Ceanothus impressus, p.138 Carpenteria californica, p.197
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Moerloosei’, Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca,
p.122 p.195
Chimonanthus praecox, p.144 Dendromecon rigida, p.206
Cytisus x spachianus Fabiana imbricata f. violacea, p.204

Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’, Fremontodendron ‘California Glory’,
p.164 p.206
Drimys winteri, p.73 Garrya elliptica
Elsholtzia stauntonii Itea ilicifolia, p.211
Escallonia ‘Iveyi’, p.112 Piptanthus nepalensis, p.206
Lagerstroemia indica Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’,
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red p.204
Damask’, p.123
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Snow TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
White’, p.130 Shrubs PERENNIALS ABOVE A wall of bright color
Lonicera fragrantissima Iochroma australe, p.138 AQUILEGIAS, p.226 Geranium ‘Johnson’s Blue’ and
Melianthus major, p.145 Iochroma cyaneum, p.457 Geum ‘Bell Bank’, p.268 Helianthemum ‘Cerise Queen’
Myrtus communis, p.122 Tibouchina urvilleana, p.457 Ourisia coccinea, p.269 tumble over a dry-stone wall.
Grasses and bamboos Aurinia saxatilis and cvs, p.335

Carex flagellifera, p.289 Campanula cochleariifolia, p.369
Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’, p.285 Campanula poscharskyana, p.367
Stipa tenuissima, p.288 Chamaemelum nobile
Chiastophyllum oppositifolium, p.335
Ferns Cyananthus microphyllus, p.369
Asplenium ceterach, p.293 Cymbalaria muralis
Polypodium cambricum ‘Richard Kayse’, Dianthus deltoides ‘Leuchtfunk’, p.365
p.293 Draba aizoides
Dryas octopetala, p.361
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Erigeron karvinskianus, p.363
(FOR PAVING) Erinus alpinus, p.352
Ageratum houstonianum Gypsophila repens and cvs, p.362
Limnanthes douglasii, p.321 Haberlea rhodopensis ‘Virginalis’, p.359
Lobelia erinus cvs, pp.311, 314 Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 338,
Leptospermum scoparium ‘Red Damask’ Garrya eliptica Lobularia maritima 337, 340, 344, 345
Malcolmia maritima, p.304 HOUSELEEKS, p.377
Nemophila maculata, p.299 Hypericum olympicum
Nemophila menziesii, p.314 Lithodora diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’, p.343
Portulaca grandiflora Series and cvs, Mazus reptans, p.351
p.324 Mentha requienii
Nierembergia repens, p.361
ROCK PLANTS Parahebe lyallii
Acaena microphylla, p.374 Phlox douglasii ’Crackerjack’, p.365
Acantholimon glumaceum, p.363 Physoplexis comosa (wall only), p.366
Achillea x kellereri, p.360 Ramonda myconi (wall only), p.369
Aethionema ‘Warley Rose’, p.362 Saxifraga cotyledon
Androsace sarmentosa Sedum spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’,
Antennaria dioica p.375
Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’, p.365 Thymus ‘Bressingham’, p.365
Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Nana’, p.374 Thymus caespititus var. cilicicus, p.366 49
Melianthus major Abutilon megapotamicum Aubrieta spp. and cvs, pp.353, 354, 355 Vitaliana primuliflora, p.358
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Plants for containers CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Phormium ‘Dazzler’, p.216
CLEMATIS (small cvs), pp.198–200 PRIMULAS, pp.257–259
Containers packed with foliage and flowers can brighten patios,
Cobaea scandens, p.204 Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii
decks, and balconies. Large containers are best in sunny, sheltered Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208 ‘Goldsturm’, p.251
sites, as they retain more moisture than small ones. Small trees, Hedera helix and cvs, p.211 SALVIA, p.250
conifers, or shrubs, together with perennials, give long-term interest HONEYSUCKLE, p.207 Schizostylis ‘Mrs Hegarty’
Ipomoea hederacea, p.204 Sedum ‘Bertram Anderson’ and
with their foliage and forms, and periods of flowering. For colorful Ipomoea lobata, p.202 ‘Ruby Glow’, p.279
displays, plant spring-flowering bulbs, followed by summer bedding, Ipomoea tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’, p.205 Stachys (some)
which will flower from late spring to the first frost. Jasminum humile and cvs, pp.139, 206 Verbena (some)
Jasminum polyanthum, p.208
Lathyrus odoratus and cvs, pp.201, Grasses and bamboos
TREES Conifers 202, 301 Carex flagellifera, p.289
Acer negundo DWARF CONIFERS, pp.104–105 Passiflora caerulea, p.204 Chionochloa rubra, p.285
Crataegus laevigata and cvs, p.84 Tropaeolum speciosum, p.202 Elegia capensis, p.285
Eucalyptus (when young), pp.67, 68, SHRUBS Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’,
78, 79 Buxus sempervirens and cvs, pp.144, 167 PERENNIALS p.285
HOLLIES, p.94 Choisya ternata, p.122 Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’, p.241 Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’, p.285
Laurus nobilis, p.80 HARDY FUCHSIAS, p.154 Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’, p.241 Miscanthus sinensis ‘Yakushima Dwarf’,
Malus x arnoldiana, p.82 Hebe cupressoides and cvs, pp.165, 347 Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus p.285
Malus x magdeburgensis, p.83 HYDRANGEAS, pp.134–135 ‘Graskop’, p.240 Pennisetum ‘Fairy Tails’
Melia azederach, p.71 LAVENDERS, p.158 Astelia chathamica, p.242 Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’
Olea europaea Myrtus communis, p.122 Bergenia spp. and cvs, pp.255, 256, 280
Pittosporum tenuifolium ‘Tom Thumb’, DAYLILIES, pp.244–245 Ferns
p.164 Dianella caerulea CASSA BLUE (‘Dbb03’), p.283 Adiantum (most)
BELOW Springtime tulips RHODODENDRONS (most), pp.124–125 Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), p.271 Asplenium scolopendrium Marginatum
Terra-cotta containers planted in late ROSES (all patio varieties) HEUCHERA and x HEUCHERELLA, Group, p.292
fall with single and double tulip bulbs Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana, p.282 Polypodium vulgare ‘Cornubiense’, p.291
make a colorful, elegant display the p.159 HOSTAS, pp.272–273 Polystichum setiferum Divisilobum
following spring. Viburnum tinus and cvs, p.143 LUNGWORTS, p.261 Group, p.291

Ipomoea tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’ Phormium ‘Dazzler’
Argyranthemum BUTTERFLY (‘Ulyssis’) Pelargonium ‘Bulls Eye Salmon’
50
Viola Joker Series Tagetes 'Naughty Marietta’
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS Phlox douglasii ‘Crackerjack’, p.365 Trailing plants for walls or baskets
Ageratum houstonianum and cvs Saponaria ocymoides, p.364
Many plants grow naturally in crevices, their trailing stems covering
Antirrhinum spp. and cvs, pp.313, 314 Saxifraga stolonifera
Argyranthemum spp. and cvs, pp.298, Saxifraga x urbium large areas of vertical rock. In gardens, they can be used at the top
300, 319 Silene schafta, p.346 of retaining walls to soften the brickwork. Smaller trailing plants,
Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla, p.316 Thymus ‘Bressingham’, p.365 including tender perennials and annuals, are ideal for hanging
BEGONIAS, p.317 Thymus caespititus var. cilicicus, p.366
baskets. After planting, hang baskets on sturdy brackets on a wall or
Bidens ‘Gold Star’, p.319
Brachyscome ‘Strawberry Mousse’, BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS set them on large, inverted pots on a patio or old tree stump so that
p.300 ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387 the plants form a conical mound of tumbling stems and flowers.
Calendula officinalis series and cvs, Anomatheca laxa, p.423
pp.321, 322, 325, 326 Bellavalia romana, p.399 CONIFERS Gypsophila repens
Calibrachoa Series and cvs, pp.300, 306 Calochortus superbus, p.409 Juniperus x pfitzeriana ‘Old Gold’, p.105 Iberis sempervirens, p.332
Callistephus chinensis Series and cvs, CANNAS, p.394 Juniperus squamata ‘Blue Carpet’, p.105 Lithodora diffusa cvs, p.343
pp.303, 304, 312 CROCOSMIA, p.410 Microbiota decussata, p.105 Oenothera macrocarpa, p.372
Catharanthus roseus and cvs, pp.298, CROCUSES, p.417 Othonna cheirifolia, p.344
300, 306 Cyclamen coum and cvs, pp.428, 429 SHRUBS Parahebe catarractae, p.342
Coreopsis ‘Rum Punch’, p.326 DAFFODILS, pp.404–405 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, p.376 Parochetus communis, p.370
Cosmos atrosanguineus and cvs, DAHLIAS, pp.396–398 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens, p.159 Persicaria vacciniifolia, p.373
pp.238, 306 Galanthus ‘Hill Poe’, p.427 Leptospermum rupestre, p.151 Phlox subulata
Cuphea x purpurea ‘Firecracker’, p.306 Galanthus woronowii Loiseleuria procumbens, p.364 Pterocephalus perennis, p.364
Diascia LITTLE DANCER (‘Pendan’), p.301 GLADIOLI, p.428 Nematanthus strigillosus Saxifraga stolonifera
Dichondra argentea ‘Silver Falls’ Gladiolus murielae Salix lindleyana
Dichondra repens ‘Emerald Falls’ Habenaria radiata, p.408 Salix repens, p.147 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Duranta erecta ‘Gold Edge’, p.319 Hippeastrum ‘Black Pearl’ Shrubs
Erysimum cheiri ‘Treasure Red’ Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’, CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Chorizema ilicifolium
FUCHSIAS, p.302 p.403 Hedera (most), p.211
Glandularia x hybrida series, pp.303, 307 Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’, Perennials
Helichrysum petiolare, p.165 p.415 PERENNIALS Achimenes ‘Peach Blossom’, p.455
HOUSELEEKS, p.377 Hymenocallis ‘Sulphur Queen’, p.412 Campanula isophylla Aeschynanthus speciosus, p.478
Impatiens spp. and cvs, pp.300, 307, 325 Incarvillea delavayi, p.265 Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256 Centropogon ferruginensis
Ipomoea batatus and cvs, pp.311, 318 Iris reticulata and cvs, p.225 Glandularia ‘Sissinghurst’, p.268
Lantana camara Lucky Series, p.301 LILIES (most), pp.388–391 Glechoma hederacea ‘Variegata’, p.277
Lobelia erinus cvs Muscari botryoides ‘Album’, p.415 Tropaeolum polyphyllum, p.276

Lobularia maritima ‘Snow Crystals’ Nerine bowdenii ‘Nikita’ Verbena peruviana
Lysimachia congestiflora ‘Outback Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’, p.385
Sunset’, p.323 Triteleia ixiodes ‘Starlight’, p.407 ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
Mimulus ‘Magic Yellow Blotch’, p.320 Triteleia ‘Queen Fabiola’ Bidens ‘Gold Star’, p.319
Nemesia Amelie, p.301 Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411 Calceolaria integrifolia
Nemesia strumosa, p.307 TULIPS, pp.400–401 Calibrachoa hybrids and cvs, pp.300, 306
Osteospermum ecklonis and cvs, Watsonia meriana, p.385 Diascia LITTLE DANCER (‘Pendan’), p.301
pp.301, 311 Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’, p.395 Dichondra argentea ‘Silver Falls’
Perilla ‘Magilla Vanilla’, p.318 Dichondra repens ‘Emerald Falls’
x Petchoa Supercal Series, p.303 WATER AND BOG PLANTS Fuchsia procumbens
PELARGONIUMS, p.309 Acorus calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’, Helichrysum petiolare, p.165
Petunia Series and cvs, pp.308, 311, 312, p.435 Ipomoea batatas ‘Blackie’, p.311
316 Aponogeton distachyos, p.435 Ipomoea batatas ‘Margarita’, p.318 Glandularia ‘Sissinghurst’
Plecostachys serpyllifolia Eichhornia crassipes, p.441 Lantana montevidensis, p.310
Primula Belarina Series, pp.258, 303 Menyanthes trifoliata, p.434 Lathyrus odoratus ‘Cupid Pink’, p.301
Salpiglossis sinuata Series and cvs Pontederia cordata, p.441 Limnanthes douglasii, p.321
Salvia farinacea ‘Strata’, p.314 Thalia dealbata Lobelia erinus and cvs, pp.311, 314, 315
Salvia splendens WATER LILIES (small cvs), p.440 Lotus berthelotii, p.306
Satureja douglasii ‘Indian Mint’ Zantedeschia aethiopica ‘Crowborough’, Lysimachia congestiflora ‘Outback
Scaevola aemula ‘Little Wonder’ p.437 Sunset’, p.323
Solenostemon scutellarioides Series Nemophila maculata, p.299
and cvs, pp.310, 311 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS Nolana paradoxa
Sutera cordata Snowstorm Series Trees Pelargonium peltatum
GIANT SNOWFLAKE (‘Danova906’), p.298 Cordyline australis ‘Atropurpurea’, x Petchoa Supercal Series, p.303
Tagetes Series and cvs, pp.308, 322, p.451 Petunia Surfinia Series, pp.311, 316
324, 326 Ficus spp., pp.450, 452, 458 Petunia Tumbelina Series, p.311
Tropaeolum majus and cvs, pp.307, Jacaranda mimosifolia, p.451 Portulaca grandiflora Series and cvs
323, 327 Washingtonia robusta, p.451 Sanvitalia procumbens, p.322
Viola x wittrockiana hybrids and cvs, Scaevola aemula ‘Little Wonder’ Helichrysum petiolare
pp.308, 312, 313, 318, 323 Shrubs Solenostemon scutellarioides ‘Inky
Zinnia x marylandica Series, pp.298, 307 Plectranthus fructicosus ‘James’, p.454 Fingers’, p.311
Sutera cordata GIANT SNOWFLAKE
ROCK PLANTS Climbers (‘Danova906’), p.298
All are suitable, the following being Cissus antarctica, p.463 Tropaeolum majus Series and cvs,
particularly recommended: Mandevilla spp., pp.460, 461 pp.307, 323, 327
Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368 Stephanotis floribunda, p.460
Campanula poscharskyana, p.367 ROCK PLANTS
Dianthus gratianopolitanus, p.363 Perennials Acaena saccaticupula ‘Blue Haze’
Geranium sanguineum, p.340 Browallia speciosa, p.472 Androsace lanuginosa, p.363
Hebe vernicosa p.337 Centropogon ferruginensis Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337, Centropogon willdenowianus Campanula cochleariifolia, p.369
338, 340, 344, 345 Convolvulus sabatius, p.342
Hypericum olympicum Cacti and succulents Cymbalaria muralis
Iberis sempervirens, p.332 AGAVES, p.482 Cytisus x beanii, p.335
Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’, ALOES, p.493 Euphorbia myrsinites, p.357 51
p.365 Furcraea foetida ‘Mediopicta’, p.481 Genista lydia, p.345 Petunia SURFINIA LIME (‘Keiyeul’)
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Plants with aromatic foliage Choisya ternata and cvs, pp.122, 148 Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’, p.240
Cistus laurifolius Perovskia atriplicifolia
The leaves of many plants contain essential aromatic oils, used in
Elsholtzia stauntonii Tanacetum parthenium, p.300
medicine or cooking. For gardeners, their value lies in the aromas Gaultheria procumbens, p.373
released naturally or when leaves are bruised. Those of culinary Helichrysum italicum ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
value, such as rosemary, are often grown in herb gardens, or plant Hyssopus officinalis, p.157 PELARGONIUMS (scented-leaved
LAVENDERS, p.158 forms), p.309
low-growing thymes next to paths or between paving stones, where Lindera benzoin, p.127 Satureja douglasii
they will emit their scent when stepped on. The fragrance from trees Myrtus communis, p.122
is best appreciated as it drifts through the garden on the wind. Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’, p.159 ROCK PLANTS
Phlomis fruticosa, p.160 Mentha requienii
Rhododendron rubiginosum Origanum laevigatum, p.340
TREES Conifers Rosa rubiginosa, p.176 Satureja montana,
Eucalyptus spp., pp.67, 68, 78, 79 Calocedrus decurrens, p.101 Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157 Thymus spp. and cvs, pp.365, 366, 367
Juglans regia, p.62 Chamaecyparis spp. and cvs, pp.96, Salvia officinalis and cvs, p.155
Laurus nobilis, p.80 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 Santolina spp. TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Phellodendron chinense, p.75 Cupressus spp. and cvs, pp.95, 102, Trees
Populus balsamifera 104 PERENNIALS Agonis flexuosa, p.450
Populus trichocarpa Juniperus spp., pp.100, 103, 105 Achillea filipendulina
Sassafras albidum, p.64 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, Agastache ‘Black Adder’, p.280 Shrubs
Umbellularia californica, p.69 p.96 Artemisia spp. and cvs, pp.165, 216, Boronia megastigma
Thuja plicata ‘Stoneham Gold’, p.105 242, 274, 374 Prostanthera ovalifolia, p.457
Chamaemelum nobile
BELOW Scented seating SHRUBS Galium odoratum, p.263 Perennials
Create a relaxing resting place in the Aloysia triphylla, p.132 Geranium macrorrhizum, p.269 Kaempferia pulchra, p.477
garden with a stylish wooden bench Artemisia abrotanum, p.165 Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’, p.274
surrounded by aromatic herbs, such Caryopteris x clandonensis ‘Arthur Monarda didyma
as lavender, thyme, and marjoram. Simmonds’, p.157 Myrrhis odorata, p.230

Phlomis fruticosa
Rosa rubiginosa
52
Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’
Plants with fragrant flowers Hymenocallis ‘Sulphur Queen’, p.412 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
LILIES (several), pp.388–391 Trees
Fragrance is a compelling feature of many plants. It can be strong,
Muscari armeniacum, p.420 Bauhinia variegata
filling the garden with scent, or apparent only when you are close Narcissus jonquilla and Div. 7 hybrids, Plumeria rubra
to individual blooms. Some plants release scent continuously, pp.404–405
while the perfume of others is more noticeable at night. A sunny, Narcissus tazetta and Div. 8 hybrids, Shrubs
pp.404, 405, 407 Boronia megastigma
sheltered patio or deck is an ideal spot for fragrant plants, or site Ornithogalum arabicum, p.408 Gardenia augusta ‘Veitchii’
them close to paths. Train fragrant climbers over arches and around Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’, p.385
doorways. Hyacinths provide early spring fragrance indoors. Climbers
WATER AND BOG PLANTS Hoya carnosa
Aponogeton distachyos, p.435 Stephanotis floribunda
TREES PERENNIALS Nymphaea ‘Blue Beauty’, p.440
Clethra arborea Anemone sylvestris, p.255 Nymphaea ‘James Brydon’, p.440 Perennials
Crataegus monogyna CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266–267 Nymphaea odorata ‘Sulphurea Grandiflora’ Cattleya J.A.Carbone gx
Drimys winteri, p.73 Clematis heracleifolia ‘Wyevale’
Eucryphia lucida, p.85 Convallaria majalis, p.255
Fraxinus ornus, p.71 Cosmos atrosanguineus, p.238
Genista aetnensis, p.89 Crambe cordifolia, p.216
Laburnum x watereri ‘Vossii’, p.84 Galium odoratum, p.263
MAGNOLIAS, p.70 Hedychium coccineum ‘Tara’, p.220
Malus coronaria ‘Charlottae’ Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, p.245
Malus hupehensis, p.69 Hesperis matronalis, p.230
Malus ‘Profusion’, p.71 Impatiens tinctoria, p.216
Prunus mume ‘Beni-chidori’, p.123 Iris graminea
Prunus padus ‘Watereri’, p.71 Iris unguicularis
Prunus x yedoensis, p.82 Mirabilis jalapa, p.233
Pterostyrax hispida, p.73 Myrrhis odorata, p.230
Robinia pseudoacacia PEONIES, pp.228–229
Styrax japonicus, p.72 Persicaria polymorpha, p.234
Tilia ‘Petiolaris’, p.64 Primula elatior, p.259
Primula veris, p.262
SHRUBS Lilium regale Lonicera etrusca ‘Michael Rosse’
Abelia x grandiflora, p.113 ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Acacia dealbata, p.211 Amberboa moschata
Azara microphylla, p.118 Antirrhinum majus Series, p.303, 319, 320
Berberis x stenophylla, p.127 Argemone mexicana, p.321
Brugmansia arborea Dianthus barbatus and cvs
BUDDLEJAS, p.114 Erysimum cheiri Series and cvs
Chimonanthus praecox, p.144 Exacum affine
Choisya ternata, p.122 Glandularia x hybrida Series, pp.303,
Clerodendrum bungei, p.141 307, 312
Clerodendrum trichotomum, p.142 Heliotropium arborescens, p.310
Clethra delavayi, p.113 Iberis amara, p.299
Colletia hystrix, p.130 Limnanthes douglasii, p.321
Corylopsis pauciflora, p.126 Lobularia maritima ‘Snow Crystals’, p.298
Cytisus battandieri, p.116 Matthiola incana
Daphne odora and cvs Nemesia ‘Amelie’, p.301
Deutzia x elegantissima cvs Nicotiana alata, p.231
Wisteria sinensis ‘Prolific’ Anemone sylvestris
Edgeworthia chrysantha, p.126 Nicotiana sylvestris
Elaeagnus x ebbingei ‘Limelight’, p.139 Petuna ‘Priscilla’, p.311
Erica lusitanica Reseda odorata, p.300
Fothergilla major, p.117 Scabiosa atropurpurea
LAVENDERS, p.158
Ligustrum lucidum ROCK PLANTS
LILACS, p.115 Dianthus gratianopolitanus, p.363
Lupinus arboreus, p.159 Erysimum helveticum, p.358
MAGNOLIAS, p.70 Papaver croceum
Osmanthus spp. and cvs, pp.110, 119 Primula auricula
Philadelphus spp. and cvs, pp.127, 128,
129, 131, 149 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS
Pittosporum tenuifolium, p.120 Amaryllis belladonna, p.395
ROSES (many), pp.168–187 Arisaema candidissimum, p.422
Sarcococca spp., pp.142, 164 Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
Viburnum spp. and cvs, pp.110, 111, 122, Chlidanthus fragrans, p.424
143, 146 Crinum bulbispermum
WITCH HAZELS, p.118 Crinum x powellii, p.385
Crocus angustifolius
CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Crocus longiflorus
Clematis montana ‘Elizabeth’ Cyclamen persicum, p.429
Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca, p.195 Eucharis amazonica, p.414
HONEYSUCKLE, p.207 Gladiolus murielae, p.383
Itea ilicifolia, p.211 Habenaria radiata, p.408
Jasminum humile and cvs, pp.139, 206 Hyacinthus orientalis and cvs, pp.403,
Jasminum officinale f. affine, p.196 407, 415
Lathyrus odoratus and cvs, pp.201, 202, 203
Mandevilla laxa RIGHT Classic combination
ROSES (many) Rosa ‘Felicia’ and Lavandula angustifolia
Trachelospermum spp., pp.195, 196 provide pretty contrasts and a heady 53
WISTERIA, p.205 fragrance in a summer border.
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Decorative fruit or seedheads Agapanthus ‘Phantom’ Nicandra physalodes
Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’, p.241 Nigella damascena and cvs, pp.314, 315
As winter approaches, dull corners or featureless borders can
Clintonia borealis Solanum capsicastrum
be brightened with the colorful fruits of barberries, cotoneasters, Disporum hookeri
viburnums, and other ornamental berried shrubs. On pergolas Duchesnea indica ROCK PLANTS
and trellises, Celastrus orbiculatus and Clematis orientalis provide Echinacea species and cvs, pp.221, 234 Acaena microphylla, p.374
Eryngium pandanifolium Cornus canadensis, p.360
late-season interest with trailing skeins of yellow fruits and feathery Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Dryas octopetala, p.361
seeds. Wall-trained pyracanthas will color drab winter walls with Group ‘Reisenschirm’, p.221 Gaultheria (most), pp.346, 373
yellow, orange, or scarlet fruits, while hollies (Ilex) also sport berries Francoa sochifolia Rogerson’s form Maianthemum bifolium, p.348
Iris foetidissima, p.225 Nertera granadensis, p.373
for winter decoration. The dried seedheads of many plants produce
Ligularia ‘The Rocket’, p.219 Pulsatilla spp., pp.332, 334, 349
beautiful effects for indoor and outdoor displays. Ophiopogon spp., pp.280, 283 Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus, p.351
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238
PEONIES, pp.228–229 BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS
TREES Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142 Persicaria polymorpha, p.234 Allium aflatunense, p.382
Arbutus unedo, p.93 Hypericum x inodorum ‘Elstead’, p.161 Physalis alkekengi Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Cornus kousa, p.85 Leycesteria formosa Podophyllum hexandrum, p.255 Allium cowanii
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142 Poncirus trifoliata, p.142 Rudbeckia maxima, p.251 Allium cristophii, p.411
Crataegus spp., pp.80, 84, 90 Pyracantha spp. and cvs, pp.118, 128, SEDUM, p.279 Allium ‘Gladiator’, p.392
HOLLIES (most), p.94 141, 144, 209 Smilacina racemosa, p.223 Allium ‘Globemaster’, p.392
Koelreuteria paniculata, p.89 ROSES (most), pp.168–187 Veronicastrum virginicum ‘Fascination’, Allium ‘Mount Everest’, p.385
MAGNOLIAS, p.70 Sambucus racemosa ‘Plumosa Aurea’, p.220 Allium oreophilum, p.418
Malus spp. (most), pp.82–110 p.139 Allium ‘Purple Sensation’, p.392
Photinia davidiana, p.90 Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna, p.164 Grasses and bamboos Arisaema triphyllum, p.406
SORBUS, p.91 Skimmia japonica, p.164 Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287 Arum italicum ‘Marmoratum’, p.421
Symphoricarpos spp. and cvs, pp.148, 160 Briza maxima Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
Conifers Symplocos paniculata, p.142 Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284
Abies spp., p.95, 96, 98, 100, 104, 105 Viburnum davidii, p.165 Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288 WATER AND BOG PLANTS
Cedrus spp., pp.95, 96, 97, 104 Viburnum opulus and cvs, pp.142, 162 Cortaderia spp. and cvs, pp.284, 285 Ligularia ‘Britt Marie Crawford’, p.445
Picea spp., pp.98, 99, 101, 103,105 Viburnum tinus and cvs, p.143 Deschampsisa cespitosa ‘Gold Tau’, p.289 Nuphar lutea, p.444
Pinus spp., pp.78, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, p.285 Thalia dealbata
101, 102, 103, 104, 105 CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS Miscanthus sinensis and cvs pp.284, 285,
Actinidia deliciosa 286 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS

SHRUBS Billardiera longiflora, p.210 Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea Trees

Aucuba japonica Cardiospermum halicacabum ‘Heidebraut’, p.285 Cyphomandra betacea, p.456
Berberis spp. and cvs, pp.111, 123, 127, Celastrus orbiculatus Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
137, 141, 148, 160, 162 Clematis orientalis ‘Transparent’, p.286 Shrubs
Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii, p.141 Holboellia coriacea, p.194 Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’, p.289 x Citrofortunella microcarpa, p.458
Cotoneaster spp. and cvs, pp.117, 122, ROSES (several), pp.168–187 Pennisetum spp. and cvs, pp.286, 311, 312
141, 142, 143, 208 Tropaeolum speciosum, p.202 Stipa spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287, 288
Decaisnea fargesii, p.142
Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’, PERENNIALS ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS BELOW Late-season sculpture
p.140 Achillea filipendulina Capsicum annuum ‘Holiday Cheer’ The seed heads of Allium cristophii
Euonymus latifolius, p.140 Aconitum ‘Stainless Steel’, p.241 Lagurus ovatus, p.284 complement the brown seed pods of
Euonymus myrianthus, p.117 Actaea pachypoda, p.246 Lunaria annua, p.310 Nigella damascena, adding texture to an
Gaultheria mucronata and cvs, pp.163, 164 Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’, p.241 Martynia annua, p.300 herbaceous border as winter approaches.
Iris foetidissima Rosa roxburghii
54
Symphoricarpus albus var. laevigatus Ilex aquifolium ‘Pyramidalis Aureomarginata’
Flowers for cutting
With careful selection, flowers can be cut from the garden at most
times of the year, from the Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) in
mid- or late winter to Nerine bowdenii in the fall. In small gardens,
integrate plants for cutting into the general scheme, and leave some
blooms for display, or plant away from the house so that the cutting
is less noticeable. Fertilize regularly during the growing season, to
counteract the weakening effects of cutting the plants.
SHRUBS Camassia quamash, p.411

CAMELLIA, pp.120–121 Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
Forsythia spp., pp.127, 195 CROCOSMIA, p.410
LILACS, p.115 DAFFODILS (tall species and cvs),
Philadelphus spp. and cvs, pp.127, 128, pp.404–405
129, 131, 149 DAHLIAS, pp.396–398
ROSES (some), pp.168–187 GLADIOLI (most), p.384
Salix caprea Gladiolus murielae, p.383
WITCH HAZELS, p.118 Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’, p.403
Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’, p.415
PERENNIALS LILIES (some), pp.388–391
Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’, p.241 Nerine bowdenii ‘Nikita’
Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’, p.241 Ornithogalum thyrsoides, p.408
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’, p.385
‘Graskop’, p.240 Triteleia ixiodes ‘Starlight’, p.407
Anaphalis spp., p.231 Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
Anchusa azurea TULIPS (tall cvs), pp.400–401
Astrantia major ‘Roma’, p.278 Zantedeschia aethiopica and cvs,
Astrantia major ‘Ruby Wedding’, p.238 pp.408, 437
CARNATIONS and PINKS, pp.266–267 Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’, p.395
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, pp.252–253
Coreopsis ‘Limerock Ruby’, p.268 TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS

DELPHINIUMS (most), p.217 Shrubs
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson’s form, Turraea obtusifolia
Gaillardia ‘Oranges and Lemons’, p.277
Helleborus niger, p.281 Perennials
JAPANESE ANEMONES, p.222 Cymbidium spp.
Leucanthemum x superbum Phalaenopsis spp.
‘Sonnenschein’, p.231 Strelitzia reginae
MICHAELMAS DAISIES, p.249
PEONIES, pp.228–229 RIGHT Late summer beauty
PHLOX, p.240 A selection of dahlias in shades of pink
Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’, p.268 planted with vibrant blue agapanthus
RUDBECKIA, p.251 fill the late summer border and make
excellent cut flowers.
Grasses and bamboos
Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284
Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
Cortadera richardii, p.284
ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Amaranthus caudatus, p.307
Amberboa moschata
Callistephus chinensis Series, pp.303, 304,
312
Centaurea cyanus and cvs, p.315
Clarkia amoenia ‘Sybil Sherwood’, p.305
Eustoma grandiflorum, p.299
Gaillardia pulchella ‘Lollipops’, p.327
Gypsophila elegans, p.299
Lathyrus odoratus and cvs, pp.201, 301
Narcissus ‘Tahiti’ Allium aflatunense Clarkia amoena ’Sybil Sherwood’
Malope trifida, p.305
Matthiola ‘Giant Excelsior’, p.303
Moluccella laevis, p.316
Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp. rosea,
p.303
Zinnia elegans series and cvs (tall
hybrids), pp.306, 316, 325

Allium aflatunense, p.382
Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Allium ‘Gladiator’, p.392
Allium ‘Globemaster’, p.392
Allium ‘Mount Everest’, p.385
Allium ‘Purple Sensation’, p.392
ALSTROEMERIA, p.387 55
Brodiaea ‘Queen Fabiola’ Tulipa ‘Spring Green’ Chrysanthemum ‘Chelsea Physic Garden’ Alstroemeria ‘Serenade’
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TREES
Trees are the most permanent elements in any planting
scheme, making a strong visual impact by virtue of their size
alone. There is a wealth of ornamental trees to choose from, with
a range to suit your climate and growing conditions, as well
as the size and style of your garden. Both deciduous and
evergreen trees provide year-round structure and beauty, but
they have many other benefits too, providing shade in summer,
shelter in winter, and nesting sites and food for birds, insects,
and other wildlife. Trees can also help reduce pollution and
combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and replacing it with oxygen. They can
even help regulate groundwater, an important benefit
in areas at risk of flooding and soil erosion.
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TREES
Dramatic and sculptural, trees are essential plants for gardens large SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
and small. In design terms, they provide height, structure, and year- Large Medium Small
round interest, with flowers, foliage, fruit, and attractive bark, while over 50ft 30–50ft up to 30ft
(15m) (10–15m) (10m)
also offering a home and source of food for birds and other wildlife.
What are trees? Choosing trees spaces; they can be used in pairs to
Trees are woody plants, with life spans Before buying, match the needs of your frame a view, or in rows to form an avenue
ranging from decades to several centuries. chosen tree with the conditions in your or tunnel. A line of trees also provides
There are deciduous and evergreen trees, garden. A tree is a long-term investment, excellent wind protection, and those that
and most have a single stem with a crown so consider your site and soil carefully tolerate clipping, such as beech (Fagus
of branches, although some produce to be sure that it will thrive and that the sylvatica), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus),
multiple stems, either naturally or as a size, shape, and style will suit your design and yew (Taxus baccata), make attractive
result of pruning. They range in size from scheme, since trees are difficult to move hedges that diffuse wind and noise.
conifers less than 3ft (1m) in height, to once established. Also calculate the amount Many trees have eye-catching features
forest giants that soar up to 300ft (90m) of shade the tree will cast on your or your that make beautiful focal points—those
or more. Trees also vary in shape. Some are neighbor’s garden when mature, and site with colorful stems and bark or large
narrowly conical or columnar, others are large trees away from the house, and where sculptural leaves make good choices. The
rounded or spreading, while some have an their roots will not interfere with walls, shape and form of a tree can also help to
elegant arching, weeping habit. There is pipes, sewers, or cables.
also a wide choice of leaf shape and color. REMOVING A TREE BRANCH
Designing with trees
BELOW Letting in the light Trees have many beautiful features and The best time to prune most trees is in late
Deciduous trees, such as Acer shirasawanum ‘Aureum’, can be used in various ways to enhance a winter when the plants are dormant, but wait till
can be used to make a wonderful garden centerpiece,
underplanted with low plants to extend the interest garden design. For example, several trees mid- to late summer for hornbeam (Carpinus),
before and after the main summer season. can be planted to form enclosures or define pears (Pyrus), and plums and cherries (Prunus),

which are susceptible to disease if cut earlier.
1 Make an undercut first

Shorten the branch first to reduce its weight and
stop it from falling and tearing the bark. Cut halfway
through the underside of the branch, then saw
downward from the top, farther along the branch
away from the trunk. Allow the branch to snap off.
2 Cut close to the trunk

Remove the final stump by cutting close to
the trunk, but not flush with it. Make a smooth cut,
angled away from the tree, just beyond the crease
in the bark where the branch meets the trunk.
58
create a style. For example, the crisp this permanent display, plant deciduous
outline of Juniperus communis ‘Compressa’, trees for a seasonally changing palette of
suits a formal design, while the shape, leaf colors, flowers, and fruit. Japanese
flowers, and fruit of many crab apples cherries (Prunus), crab apples (Malus), and
(Malus species) lend natural informality. magnolias have vivid spring flowers, while
If you have space for several trees, you many trees have large dramatic leaves
can create a small woodland, underplanted or colorful foliage that brightens up the
with shade-loving perennials. Many summer garden. A few trees, such as
small trees, such as Acer palmatum and Maackia amurensis and Arbutus unedo, bear
the corkscrew hazel (Corylus avellana flowers in late summer and fall, but in the
‘Contorta’), and dwarf conifers are also case of Japanese maples (Acer), the Chinese
suitable for growing in containers, and tupelo (Nyssa sinensis), and liquidambars,
will add height and interest to patios, foliage color in fall is the main attraction;
decks, and roof gardens. they produce luminous colors that set the
garden ablaze.
Year-round interest Stem and bark color is a key feature of
Broadleaf evergreens, such as hollies (Ilex) winter displays. The bleached white trunks
and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), provide of birches (Betula), glossy copper stems of
a valuable green backdrop throughout Prunus serrula, and shaggy bark of Acer
the year, while the needlelike foliage and griseum provide focal points, while the ABOVE Spring benefits
The profusion of large, double pink flowers of Prunus
candlelike cones of conifers offer a useful dainty pink flowers of Prunus x subhirtella serrulata ‘Kiku-shidare-sakura’, makes a dramatic and
contrast in shape and texture. Against ‘Autumnalis’ lift late-winter days. colorful focal point in a spring garden.
PLANTING A CONTAINER-GROWN TREE

It is worth taking the time to prepare the site and plant your tree well, as year, but the warm, damp soil in fall provides ideal conditions. Bare-root
this will increase its chances of survival and ensure that it thrives. Trees trees are cheaper and available in fall or late winter. Plant them as soon
that have been grown in containers can be planted at most times of the as you get them home, unless the soil is frozen.

1 Break up the soil
Dig a hole twice the width of the
pot and the same depth as the tree’s
2 Check planting depth
Remove the tree from its pot and
put it in the hole. Use a cane to check
3 Firm in
Tease out the roots, lower the
tree back into the hole, and water it
rootball. Do not dig over the bottom that the top of the rootball is at the well. Then water again as you backfill
of the hole as this may cause the tree same level or slightly above the soil. the hole to ensure that there are no air
to sink once planted. Instead, use a Lift out the plant and cut away any pockets and the roots are in no danger
fork to puncture the base and sides. roots that are circling the rootball. of drying out. Firm the tree in gently.
BARE-ROOT TREES
If the ground is still frozen when

you receive your bare-root trees,
or you are unable to plant them
immediately for some other
reason, fill a large pot with
potting mix and heel them in.
This simply means burying the
roots to keep them moist. Plant
4 Stake the tree
To prevent the tree from rocking
in the wind, which can damage
5 Fit the tree ties
Ensure that the top of the stake
faces into the prevailing wind. Fit a
6 Continue to water in well
Water the tree well and apply
a moisture-conserving bark mulch
the trees in the same way as
shown here for container-grown
the roots, drive in a wooden tree tree tie with a spacer one-third of the over the area around the tree, leaving
plants, but take care to leave
stake with a mallet at an angle of way up the trunk from the base. Drive space around the stem to prevent
45 degrees. Make sure that the a nail through the tree tie into the the bark from rotting it. Water the
no air pockets when filling in
stake does not damage the rootball. stake to stop it from slipping down. tree during dry spells for two years. around the roots with soil.
59
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LARGE
SPRING SUMMER
WHITE RED YELLOW WHITE
Acer platanoides ‘Crimson King’ Aesculus chinensis

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. (Chinese horse-chestnut)
Leaves are large, lobed and deep Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
reddish-purple, turning orange in tree. Leaves are glossy, dark green
fall. Tiny, red-tinged, deep yellow with 7 leaflets. Slender spires
flowers are carried in midspring. of white flowers are produced
100ft 30m 100ft 30m
in mid-summer.
AD Z3–7 H7–1 75ft

22.5m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 75ft
22.5m 0

Davidia involucrata Fraxinus excelsior ‘Jaspidea’ Populus alba (White poplar)

(Dove tree, handkerchief tree) Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree Deciduous, spreading tree with
Deciduous, conical tree with heart- grown for its golden-yellow twigs and wavy-margined or lobed leaves,
shaped, vivid green leaves, felted black buds, which are most evident in dark green above, white beneath,
beneath. Large, white bracts winter. Yellow leaves, with 9–11 oval turning yellow in fall.
appear on mature trees from leaflets, fade to light green and
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
late spring. then gold, in fall.
AE Z6–8 H8–6 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z4–9 H9–1 75ft
22.5m 0
Populus x canescens (Gray poplar) Aesculus x carnea ‘Briotii’ Acer macrophyllum (Oregon maple) Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip tree)
Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree Deciduous, round-headed tree. Leaves, Deciduous, round-headed tree with Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
with slightly lobed leaves, gray when consisting of 5 or 7 leaflets, are glossy, large, deeply lobed, dark green leaves Deep green leaves, with a cut-off or
young, glossy, dark green in summer dark green. Panicles of red flowers that turn yellow and orange in fall. notched tip and lobed sides, turn
and yellow in fall. Usually bears are borne in late spring. Yellowish-green flowers in spring yellow in fall. In mid-summer, has
grayish-red catkins in spring. are followed by pale green fruits. tulip-shaped, orange-marked,
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
greenish-white flowers.
60
AE Z4–9 H9–1 75ft
22.5m 0 ADt Z7–8 H8–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z3–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0 ADM Z4–9 H9–2 75ft
22.5m 0
PURPLE GREEN
Populus x canadensis
‘Serotina de Selys’
Fast-growing, deciduous, upright tree.
Has broadly oval, gray-green leaves,
pale green when young, and red
catkins in spring.
100ft 30m
AE Z4–9 H9–1 75ft

22.5m 0

Populus maximowiczii Fagus sylvatica ‘Rohanii’ Quercus macranthera
Fast-growing, deciduous, conical tree. Slow-growing, deciduous tree with oval, (Caucasian oak)
Oval, heart-shaped, bright green leaves deeply cut, deep red-purple leaves, Deciduous, spreading, sturdy-branched,
have green-veined, white undersides sometimes tinged with green or brown. handsome tree with large, deeply lobed,
and turn yellow in fall. Bears Leaf margins are deeply cut into dark green leaves.
long, pendent seed heads triangular teeth, which may bear
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
surrounded by silky, white serrations. Leaf veins and leaf
hairs in late summer. stalk are prominently red.
AE Z4–7 H7–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z4–7 H9–4 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 75ft
22.5m 0
Castanea sativa ‘Albomarginata’ Fagus sylvatica ‘Riversii’ Alnus incana (Gray alder)
Deciduous, spreading tree. Has glossy, Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Deciduous, conical tree useful for cold,
white-edged, dark green leaves that turn tree with smooth, gray bark and wet areas and poor soils. Yellow-brown
yellow in fall. Spikes of creamy-yellow elliptic, wavy-margined, dark purple catkins are carried in late winter and
flowers in summer are followed by leaves, which are larger than those early spring, followed by oval, dark
edible fruits in fall. of the species. New leaves on green leaves.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
young shoots are wine-red
and translucent.
61
AD Z5–7 H7–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z4–7 H9–4 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z2–6 H6–1 75ft
22.5m 0
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LARGE
SUMMER
GREEN
Quercus muehlenbergii
Deciduous, round-headed tree
with sharply toothed, bright
green leaves.
100ft 30m
AD Z4–8 H8–2 75ft

22.5m 0

Populus x canadensis ‘Robusta’ Quercus robur f. fastigiata Celtis australis (European hackberry)
Fast-growing, deciduous, conical Deciduous, upright, columnar tree Deciduous, spreading tree. Has oval,
tree with upright branches. Broadly of dense habit carrying lobed, dark pointed, sharply toothed, dark green
oval, bronze, young leaves mature green leaves. leaves and small, purple-black fruits.
to glossy, dark green. Bears long,
red catkins in spring.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
AE Z4–9 H9–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–3 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 75ft
22.5m 0
Fagus sylvatica f. pendula Acer cappadocicum subsp. lobelii Quercus canariensis Juglans regia (English walnut)
(Weeping beech) (Lobel’s maple) (Algerian oak, Mirbeck’s oak) Deciduous tree with a spreading head.
Deciduous, weeping tree with oval, Deciduous tree of narrow, upright habit, Deciduous or semievergreen tree, Leaves, usually with 5 or 7 leaflets, are
wavy-edged, mid-green leaves that well-suited for growing in restricted narrow when young, broadening aromatic, bronze-purple when young,
in fall take on rich hues of yellow space. Has wavy-edged, lobed leaves with age. Large, shallowly lobed, glossy, mid-green when mature.
and orange-brown. that turn yellow in fall. rich green leaves become Produces edible nuts.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
yellowish-brown in fall, often
persisting into late winter.
62
AD Z4–7 H9–4 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 75ft
22.5m 0
Acer saccharinum (Silver maple) Tilia oliveri Juglans nigra (Black walnut)
Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Deciduous, spreading, open tree with Fast-growing, deciduous, handsome,
tree, often with pendent branches. pointed, heart-shaped leaves, bright spreading tree with large, aromatic
Deeply lobed, sharply toothed, green above and silvery-white beneath. leaves of many pointed, glossy, dark
mid-green leaves, with silver Produces small, fragrant, greenish- green leaflets. Produces edible
undersides, turn yellow in fall. yellow flowers in summer, nuts in fall.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
followed by winged fruits.
BD Z4–9 H8–1
75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H9–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0

Populus nigra ‘Italica’ Ailanthus altissima (Tree of heaven) Quercus petraea ‘Columna’ Tilia platyphyllos ‘Rubra’
(Lombardy poplar) Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Deciduous, upright, slender tree (Large-leaved linden)
Very fast-growing, deciduous, narrowly tree with clusters of small, green flowers with large, wavy-edged, leathery, Deciduous, spreading tree with
columnar tree with erect branches, in mid-summer, followed by winged, dark green leaves, tinged bronze red winter shoots and rounded,
diamond-shaped, bright green leaves green, then reddish-brown fruits. Large, when young. dark green leaves. Bears small,
and red catkins in midspring. dark green leaves are divided dull yellowish-white flowers
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
into paired, oval leaflets. in mid-summer.
AE Z3–9 H9–1 75ft

22.5m 0 BD Z4–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5m 0 BD Z5–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5 0
Platanus x hispanica (London plane) Platanus orientalis (Oriental plane) Nothofagus obliqua Quercus nigra (Water oak)
Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree with Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree (Roblé, Southern beech) Deciduous, spreading tree with
ornamental, flaking bark. Has large, with flaking, gray, brown or cream Fast-growing, deciduous, elegant glossy, bright green foliage
sharply lobed, bright green leaves. bark and large, glossy, pale green tree with slender, arching branches. retained until well into winter.
Spherical fruit clusters hang from leaves with 5 deep lobes. Green fruit Has deep green leaves that turn
shoots in fall. clusters, later turning brown, orange and red in fall.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
persist in fall–winter.
63
ADt Z5–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z3–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0
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LARGE
SUMMER
GREEN
Sassafras albidum Quercus castaneifolia Fagus sylvatica (Common beech) Quercus frainetto (Hungarian oak)
Deciduous, upright, later spreading Deciduous, spreading tree with sharply Deciduous, spreading tree with oval, Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Aromatic, glossy, dark green toothed leaves, glossy, dark green wavy-edged leaves. These are pale tree with a large, domed head and
leaves vary from oval to deeply lobed above, gray beneath. green when young, mid- to dark green handsome, large, deeply lobed,
and turn yellow or red in fall. Has when mature, and turn rich yellow dark green leaves.
insignificant, yellowish-green and orange-brown in fall, when
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
flowers in spring. nuts are produced.
ADM Z4–8 H8–3 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z4–7 H9–4 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0

Fagus sylvatica ‘Aspleniifolia’ Quercus laurifolia

(Fern-leaved beech) Deciduous, round-headed tree with
Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading narrow, glossy, bright green leaves,
tree. Has narrow, deeply cut, deep green bronze-tinged when young, that
leaves, which give a soft feathery outline are retained until late in the year.
to the tree. In fall, leaves turn
100ft 30m 100ft 30m
golden-brown and persist
well into winter.
AD Z4–7 H9–4 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0
Tilia ‘Petiolaris’ Zelkova carpinifolia (Caucasian elm) Nothofagus x alpina

(Weeping silver linden) Deciduous tree with a short, sturdy (Rauli, Southern beech)
Deciduous, spreading tree with pendent trunk from which many upright Fast-growing, deciduous, conical tree.
branches. Pointed, heart-shaped leaves, branches arise to make an oval, dense Leaves, with many impressed veins,
dark green above, silver beneath, crown. Produces oval, sharply toothed, are dark green, turning orange
shimmer in the breeze. Has dark green leaves, turning to and red in fall.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
fragrant, creamy-yellow orange-brown in fall.
flowers in late summer.
64
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0
FALL
YELLOW RED
Acer pseudoplatanus
f. erythrocarpum
Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
with lobed, deep green leaves. Wings
of young fall fruits are bright red.
100ft 30m
AD Z4–7 H7–1 75ft

22.5m 0

Liriodendron tulipifera Quercus rubra (Red oak) Quercus ellipsoidalis
‘Aureomarginatum’ Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Deciduous, spreading tree with deeply
Vigorous, deciduous tree. Deep green tree. Attractively lobed leaves, often lobed, glossy, dark green leaves that turn
leaves have yellow margins, cut-off large, are deep green becoming dark purplish-red, then red in fall.
or notched tips and lobed sides. reddish- or yellowish-brown in fall.
Bears cup-shaped, greenish-
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
white flowers, splashed orange,
in summer on mature trees.
ADM Z4–9 H9–2 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z4–7 H7–1 75ft
22.5m 0
Pterocarya x rehderiana Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum) Quercus coccinea (Scarlet oak)

Very fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Deciduous, conical to spreading tree. Deciduous, round-headed tree. Glossy,
tree. Has glossy, bright green leaves Shoots develop corky ridges. Lobed, dark green leaves have deeply cut lobes
consisting of narrow, paired leaflets glossy, dark green leaves turn brilliant ending in slender teeth. In fall, they turn
that turn yellow in fall and long orange, red and purple in fall. bright red, usually persisting for several
catkins of winged fruits in late weeks on the tree.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
summer and fall.
65
AE Z6–9 H9–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–4 75ft
22.5m 0
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LARGE
FALL
RED
Acer rubrum ‘Scanlon’ Nyssa sylvatica (Black gum, Tupelo) Acer rubrum ‘Schlesingeri’
Deciduous, upright tree. Has lobed, dark Deciduous, broadly conical tree with Deciduous, round-headed tree. In
green foliage that in fall becomes bright oval, glossy, dark to mid-green leaves early fall, dark green leaves turn
red, particularly on acidic or neutral soil. that turn brilliant yellow, orange and deep red. Tiny, red flowers appear
Clusters of small, red flowers decorate red in fall. on bare wood in spring.
bare branches in spring.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
AD Z3–9 H9–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AE Z5–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z3–9 H9–1 75ft
22.5m 0

Acer rubrum (Red maple) Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ Quercus alba (White oak)
Deciduous, round-headed tree. Dark (Claret ash) Deciduous, spreading tree. Deeply
green leaves turn bright red in fall, Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. lobed, glossy, dark green leaves
producing best color on acidic or neutral Leaves have 5–7 narrowly oval, glossy, turn reddish-purple in fall.
soil. In spring, bare branches are dark green leaflets that mature to
covered with tiny, red flowers. bright reddish-purple in fall.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
AD Z3–9 H9–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0
Prunus serotina (Black cherry) Cercidiphyllum japonicum Quercus palustris (Pin oak)
Deciduous, spreading tree. Spikes of (Katsura tree) Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree
fragrant, white flowers appear in early Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading with slender branches, pendulous at the
summer followed by red fruits that turn tree. Leaves, bronze when young, turn tips. Deeply lobed, glossy, bright green
black in fall. Glossy, dark green leaves rich green, then yellow to purple in fall, leaves turn scarlet or red-brown in fall.
become yellow in fall. especially on acidic soil. Fallen
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
leaves smell of burnt toffee.
66
ADt Z8–4 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z4–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5m 0
WINTER/ALL YEAR
YELLOW WHITE
Acer platanoides ‘Palmatifidum’ Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis Betula papyrifera

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. Deciduous, spreading tree with large, (Canoe birch, Paper birch)
Deeply divided, pale green leaves with aromatic leaves consisting of many Vigorous, deciduous, open-branched,
slender lobes turn yellow or reddish- glossy, bright green leaflets. Long, round-headed tree with peeling,
orange in fall. Tiny, yellow flowers yellow-green, male catkins are shiny, white bark, yellowish catkins
appear in midspring. borne in early summer. In fall in spring and oval, coarsely
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
has edible nuts. serrated leaves that turn clear
yellow in fall.
AD Z3–7 H7–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z2–7 H7–1 75ft
22.5m 0

Quercus phellos (Willow oak) Gymnocladus dioica Sophora japonica ‘Violacea’
Deciduous, spreading tree of elegant (Kentucky coffeetree) Fast-growing, deciduous, round-headed
habit. Narrow, willow-like, pale green Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading tree tree. Large sprays of pealike, white
leaves turn yellow then brown in fall. with small, star-shaped, white flowers flowers, tinged with lilac-pink, appear
borne in early summer. Large leaves, in late summer and early fall.
with 4–7 pairs of oval leaflets, are
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
pinkish when young, green in
summer, then yellow in fall.
AD Z6–9 H9–3 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0
Zelkova serrata Prunus avium (Mazzard, sweet cherry) Carya ovata (Shagbark hickory) Eucalyptus dalrympleana
Deciduous, spreading tree with sharply Deciduous, spreading tree with Deciduous tree with flaking, gray bark. (Mountain gum)
toothed, finely pointed, dark green red-banded bark. Has sprays of white Has dark green leaves, usually consisting Vigorous, evergreen tree. Creamy-
leaves that turn yellow or orange in fall. flowers in spring, deep red fruits and of 5 slender leaflets, that turn golden- white, young bark becomes pinkish-
dark green leaves that turn red and yellow in fall. gray, then peels. Leaves are long,
yellow in fall. narrow and pendent. Clusters
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
of white flowers appear in late
summer and fall.
67
AD Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0 ADt Z4–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z9–10 H10–9 75ft
22.5m 0
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LARGE
WINTER/ALL YEAR
WHITE GREEN
Eucalyptus gunnii (Cider gum)

Evergreen, conical tree with peeling,
cream, pinkish and brown bark. Leaves
are silver-blue when young, blue-green
when mature. Clusters of white flowers,
with numerous stamens, appear
100ft 30m
in mid-summer.
AD Z8–10 H10–8 75ft

22.5m 0

Betula pendula ‘Tristis’ Quercus x turneri

(Weeping birch) Semievergreen, rounded, dense
Deciduous, slender, elegant tree with a tree. Lobed, leathery, dark green
strongly weeping habit and white bark. leaves fall just before new foliage
Oval, bright green leaves, with toothed appears in spring.
margins, provide excellent
100ft 30m 100ft 30m
golden color in fall.
AD Z2–7 H7–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 75ft
22.5m 0
Eucalyptus coccifera Eucalyptus johnstonii Nothofagus dombeyi Quercus x hispanica ‘Lucombeana’

(Tasmanian snow gum, Fast-growing, evergreen tree with Evergreen, loosely conical tree of (Lucombe oak)
Mount Wellington peppermint) peeling, red to blue-green bark. Leaves elegant habit with shoots that droop Semievergreen, spreading tree with
Evergreen tree with peeling, blue-gray are rounded and apple-green when young at the tips. Leaves are sharply toothed leaves, glossy, dark green
and white bark and aromatic, pointed, and spear-shaped, dark green and glossy toothed, glossy and dark green. above, gray beneath.
gray-green leaves. Bears clusters when mature.Clusters of white
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
of white flowers, with numerous flowers are followed by small,
stamens, in summer. urn-shaped, seed capsules.
68
AD Z9–11 H11–10 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z9–10 H10–9 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0
MEDIUM
SPRING
GREEN/YELLOW WHITE
Umbellularia californica
(California laurel)
Evergreen, spreading tree with aromatic,
leathery, glossy, dark green leaves
and creamy-yellow flowers in
late spring. Pungent leaves may
100ft 30m
cause nausea and headache
when crushed.
AEt Z7–9 H9–7 75ft

22.5m 0

Nothofagus betuloides Salix alba var. vitellina Malus baccata var. mandschurica
Evergreen, columnar tree with dense (Golden willow) Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
growth of oval, glossy, dark green Deciduous, spreading tree, usually with dark green leaves and a profusion
leaves on bronze-red shoots. cut back hard to promote growth of white flowers in clusters in mid-
of strong, young shoots that are spring, followed by long-lasting, small,
bright orange-yellow in winter. red or yellow crab apples.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 50ft 15m
Lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves appear in spring.
AE Z8–9 H9–8 75ft

22.5m 0 AE Z4–9 H9–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z3–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0
Nothofagus menziesii (Silver beech) Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma Malus hupehensis (Tea crabapple) Salix daphnoides (Violet willow)
Evergreen, conical tree with silvery- (Golden weeping willow) Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
white bark when young. Produces Deciduous tree with slender, yellow Has deep green leaves, large, fragrant, tree. Has lance-shaped, glossy, dark
tiny, rounded, sharply toothed, shoots falling to the ground as white flowers, pink in bud, from green leaves, silver, male catkins in
glossy, dark green leaves. a curtain. Yellow-green, young mid-to late spring, followed by spring and purple shoots with
leaves mature to mid-green. small, red-tinged, yellow crab bluish-white bloom in winter.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
apples in late summer and fall.
69
BD Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AE Z5–9 H9–5 50ft
15m 0
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MAGNOLIAS
A mature magnolia in full bloom makes a spectacular sight
in spring. Most magnolias are elegant in habit and though
slow-growing, eventually form imposing trees and shrubs.
The flowers are generally saucer-, star-, or goblet-shaped
and often have a subtle fragrance. Colors range from pure M. sprengeri var. diva
white, to white flushed or stained with pink or purple, to
pink and rich red-purple. The genus includes some evergreen,
summer-flowering species. These, and cultivars that are not
fully hardy, are best planted against a sunny wall. Some
magnolias prefer acidic or neutral soil, but most tolerate
any soil provided it is humus-rich. Plenty of organic matter
should be dug into the soil before planting. Avoid planting
in exposed sites, as the flowers can be damaged by frost.
M. ‘Vulcan’ Magnolia BLACK TULIP (‘Jurmag1’)
M. ‘Galaxy’ M. stellata ‘Rosea’ M. ‘Ann’
M. grandiflora ‘Exmouth’ M. x loebneri ‘Leonard Messel’ M. x soulangeana M. ‘Elizabeth’

‘Rustica Rubra’
M. ‘Pinkie’ M. stellata ‘Waterlily’ M. campbellii

subsp. mollicomata
M. ‘Butterflies’
70
M. wilsonii M. liliiflora ‘Nigra’ M. x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’
MEDIUM
SPRING
WHITE PINK
Prunus avium ‘Plena’ Halesia monticola Malus ‘Profusion’

Deciduous, spreading tree with (Mountain silverbell) Deciduous, spreading tree. Dark
reddish-brown bark and masses Fast-growing, deciduous, conical green foliage is purple when young.
of double, pure white flowers in or spreading tree. Masses of pendent, Cup-shaped, deep purplish-pink
spring. Dark green foliage turns bell-shaped, white flowers appear flowers are freely borne in late
red in fall. in late spring before leaves, spring, followed by small,
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
followed by 4-winged fruits reddish-purple crab apples
in fall. in late summer and fall.
ADt Z4–8 H8–1 50ft

15m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0

Prunus padus ‘Watereri’ Michelia doltsopa Melia azedarach
Deciduous, spreading tree with elliptic, Evergreen, rounded tree with oval, (Chinaberry, bead tree)
matt, dark green leaves. Bears long, stiff glossy, dark green leaves, paler beneath. Deciduous, spreading tree. Has
racemes of cup-shaped, almond-scented, Strongly scented, magnolia-like flowers, dark green leaves with many
white flowers, to 8in (20cm) long, with white to pale yellow petals, appear leaflets and fragrant, star-shaped,
in late spring, followed by small, in winter–spring. pinkish-lilac flowers in spring,
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
pea-shaped, black fruits, bitter followed by pale orange-yellow
to the taste. fruits in fall.
AD Z4–8 H8–1 50ft

15m 0 ADM Z9–11 H11–1 50ft
15m 0 AD H11–10 50ft
15m 0
Fraxinus ornus (Manna ash) Prunus mahaleb Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer’ Prunus jamasakura (Hill cherry)
Deciduous, round-headed tree. Has deep Deciduous, round-headed, bushy tree Deciduous, conical tree with glossy Deciduous, spreading tree bearing
green leaves with 5–9 leaflets. Panicles of that bears a profusion of fragrant, leaves that turn purplish in fall. Sprays cup-shaped, white or pink flowers from
scented, creamy-white flowers appear in cup-shaped, white flowers from mid- to of small, white flowers appear in spring. mid- to late spring. Oval leaves, bronze
late spring and early summer. late spring. Rounded, glossy, dark green Resists fireblight. when young, mature to deep green.
leaves turn yellow in fall.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
71
ADt Z6–9 H9–4 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–3 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0
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MEDIUM
SPRING SUMMER
PINK YELLOW WHITE
Prunus ‘Kanzan’ Styrax japonicus

Deciduous, vase-shaped tree. Large, Deciduous, spreading tree bearing in
double, pink to purple flowers are borne early summer a profusion of pendent,
profusely from mid- to late spring amid fragrant, bell-shaped, white flowers
bronze, young leaves that mature amid glossy, dark green foliage.
to dark green.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 50ft

15m 0 AEM Z6–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0

Magnolia ‘Heaven Scent’ Aesculus x neglecta ‘Erythroblastos’ Quercus rubra ‘Aurea’ Ostrya virginiana
Vigorous, deciduous tree or shrub with Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves with Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading (American hop hornbeam, Ironwood)
fragrant, vase-shaped flowers, each 5 leaflets emerge bright pink, turn tree. Large, lobed leaves are clear Deciduous, conical tree with dark
with usually 9 petals that are pink yellow, then dark green, and finally yellow when young, becoming brown bark and deep green leaves,
outside, white within, borne from orange and yellow in fall. May bear green by mid-summer. Produces yellow in fall. Has yellowish catkins
mid-spring to early summer. panicles of flowers in summer. best color in an open but in spring, followed by greenish-
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
Leaves are broadly elliptic sheltered position. white fruit clusters.
and glossy green.
BD Z6–9 H9–6 50ft

15m 0 BDt Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–2 50ft
15m 0
Paulownia tomentosa Prunus padus ‘Colorata’ Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Sunburst’ Catalpa speciosa
(Empress tree, Princess tree) Deciduous, spreading tree, conical when Deciduous, spreading tree with fernlike, Deciduous, spreading tree. Heads of
Deciduous, spreading tree. Has large, young. Produces pendent racemes of glossy foliage that is golden-yellow large, white flowers marked with yellow
lobed, mid-green leaves and terminal fragrant, cup-shaped, pink flowers in when young, deep green in summer. and purple are borne in mid-summer
sprays of fragrant, foxglove-like, late spring, followed by small, black among glossy, mid-green leaves.
pinkish-lilac flowers in spring. fruits. Oval, purple young leaves
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
mature to dark green and turn
red or yellow in fall.
72
AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z4–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0 AE Z4–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0
PINK
Eucryphia cordifolia (Ulmo) Pterostyrax hispida (Epaulette tree) Acer pseudoplatanus Aesculus indica ‘Sydney Pearce’
Evergreen, columnar tree bearing Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub ‘Simon Louis Frères’ Deciduous, spreading tree with
oblong, wavy-edged, dull green with aromatic, gray bark and oblong Deciduous, spreading tree. Young glossy, dark green leaves, bronze
leaves, with gray down beneath. to oval, mid-green leaves, 8in (20cm) leaves are marked with creamy-white when young and orange or yellow
Large, saucer-shaped, white long. Large, drooping panicles of and pink; older foliage is pale green in fall. Pinkish-white flowers,
flowers are produced in late small, bell-shaped, white flowers with white markings. marked red and yellow, appear
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
summer and fall. are borne from early to from early to mid-summer.
mid-summer.
BE Z8–11 H11–7 50ft

15m 0 BDM Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AD Z4–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z7–8 H8–7 50ft
15m 0

Catalpa bignonioides Drimys winteri (Winter’s bark) Toona sinensis Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii
(Indian bean tree) Evergreen, conical, sometimes shrubby Deciduous, spreading tree with shaggy Deciduous, broadly columnar tree
Deciduous, spreading tree. Large, tree with long, glossy, pale or dark green bark when old. Dark green leaves with grown for its bell-shaped, foxglove-like,
light green leaves are purplish when leaves, usually bluish-white beneath. many leaflets turn yellow in fall. Bears delicate pink flowers, from early to
young. White flowers marked Bears clusters of fragrant, star-shaped, fragrant, white flowers in mid-summer. mid-summer, followed by long,
with yellow and purple appear white flowers in early summer. Shoots are onion-scented. pendulous seed pods. Has large,
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
in summer, followed by long, heart-shaped, bright green
cylindrical, pendent pods. leaves ending in a long point.
AE Z5–9 H9–5 50ft

15m 0 AE Z8–11 H11–8 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–8 H12–10 50ft
15m 0 ADZ6–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0
Quercus cerris ‘Argenteovariegata’ Eucryphia x nymansensis ‘Nymansay’ Sorbus pseudohupehensis

Deciduous, spreading tree. Strongly Evergreen, columnar tree. Some of the Deciduous, spreading tree with leaves
toothed or lobed, glossy, dark green leathery, glossy, dark green leaves are of 4–8 pairs of blue-green leaflets turning
leaves are edged with creamy-white. simple, others consist of 3 (rarely 5) orange-red in late fall. White flowers
leaflets. Clusters of large, white flowers in spring are followed by long-lasting,
open in late summer or early fall. pink fruits.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
73
AD Z7–9 H9–7 50ft
15m 0 BE Z8–9 H9–8 50ft
15m 0 ADtZ4–7 H7–3 50ft
15m 0
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
GREEN
Broussonetia papyrifera Hovenia dulcis (Japanese raisintree) Fraxinus velutina (Arizona ash) Meliosma veitchiorum
(Paper mulberry) Deciduous, spreading tree with large, Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves vary Deciduous, spreading tree with stout,
Deciduous, round-headed tree. glossy, dark green leaves. In summer but usually consist of 3 or 5 narrow, gray shoots and large, dark green,
Dull green leaves are large, broadly it may bear small, greenish-yellow velvety, gray-green leaflets. red-stalked leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets.
oval, toothed and sometimes lobed. flowers, the stalks of which become Small, fragrant, white flowers in
In early summer, small globes red, fleshy and edible. late spring are followed by
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
of purple flowers appear on violet fruits in fall.
female plants.
AD Z6–9 H9–6 50ft

15m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 50ft
15m 0

Quercus garryana (Oregon oak)

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with deeply lobed, glossy, bright
green leaves.
50ft 15m
AD Z7–9 H9–7 50ft

15m 0
Populus tremula ‘Pendula’ Acer negundo ‘Variegatum’ Kalopanax septemlobus

(European aspen) Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Deciduous, spreading tree with spiny
Vigorous, deciduous, weeping tree. Has pinkish- then white-margined, stems, large, 5–7-lobed, glossy, dark
tree. Leaves, reddish when young, bright green leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets. green leaves and umbels of small,
gray-green in summer and yellow Inconspicuous, greenish-yellow flowers white flowers, then black fruits in fall.
in fall, tremble in the wind. Has appear in late spring.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
purplish catkins in late winter
and spring.
74
AE Z2–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–3 50ft
15m 0 AE Z5–9 H9–4 50ft
15m 0
Tilia cordata ‘Rancho’ Phellodendron chinense Idesia polycarpa

Deciduous, conical, dense tree, Deciduous, spreading tree. Deciduous, spreading tree with large,
spreading when young. Has small, Aromatic leaves, with 7–13 oblong heart-shaped, glossy, dark green
oval, glossy, dark green leaves, and leaflets, are dark green, turning yellow leaves on long stalks. Small, fragrant,
clusters of small, fragrant, cup-shaped, in fall. Pendent racemes of greenish yellow-green flowers in mid-summer
yellowish flowers are borne in flowers in early summer are are followed in fall, on female
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
mid-summer. followed on female trees by plants, by red fruits hanging
berry-like, black fruits. in clusters.
AD Z3–8 H8–1 50ft

15m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0

Quercus marilandica (Blackjack oak) Emmenopterys henryi
Deciduous, spreading tree. Large leaves, Deciduous, spreading tree. Large,
3-lobed at the apex, are glossy, dark pointed, dark green leaves are bronze-
green above, paler beneath, and turn purple when young. Clusters of white
yellow, red or brown in fall. flowers (some bearing a large, white
bract) are rarely produced except
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
in hot summers.
AD Z6–9 H9–6 50ft

15m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 50ft
15m 0
Gleditsia japonica Quercus macrocarpa (Bur oak) Alnus glutinosa ‘Imperialis’ Quercus ithaburensis
Deciduous, conical tree with a trunk Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading Slow-growing, deciduous, conical tree subsp. macrolepis
armed with spines. Shoots are purplish tree. Large, oblong-oval, lobed, with rounded, deeply cut, lobed leaves, Deciduous or semievergreen,
when young. Fernlike leaves consist glossy, dark green leaves turn bright yellow until mid-summer, spreading tree. Has gray-green
of many small, mid-green leaflets. yellow or brown in fall. later becoming pale green. Produces leaves with angular lobes.
yellow-brown catkins in early
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
spring. Is useful grown in a
boggy area.
75
AD Z8–11 H11–8 50ft
15m 0 AD Z3–9 H9–1 50ft
15m 0 AF Z3–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0 ADZ7–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0
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MEDIUM
SUMMER FALL
YELLOW RED
Catalpa bignonioides ‘Aurea’ Acer rufinerve (Snake-bark maple) Oxydendrum arboreum

Deciduous, spreading tree with broadly Deciduous tree with arching branches (Sourwood, sorrel tree)
oval, bright yellow leaves, bronze when striped green and white. In fall, lobed, Deciduous, spreading tree with glossy,
young. Bell-shaped, white flowers, dark green leaves turn brilliant red dark green foliage that turns bright red
marked with yellow and purple, borne and orange. in fall. Sprays of white flowers appear in
in summer, are followed by long, late summer and fall.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
pendent, cylindrical pods, often
persisting after leaf fall.
AD Z5–9 H9–5 50ft

15m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0 AEM Z5–9 H9–3 50ft
15m 0

Ulmus minor ‘Dicksonii’ Acer davidii ‘Madeline Spitta’ Stewartia monadelpha

(Dickson’s golden elm) Deciduous tree with upright branches Deciduous, spreading tree with
Slow-growing, deciduous, conical tree of that are striped green and white. Glossy, peeling bark and glossy, dark green
dense habit. Carries small, broadly oval, dark green foliage turns orange in fall leaves that turn orange and red in fall.
bright golden-yellow leaves. after the appearance of winged, green Small, violet-anthered, white flowers
fruits that ripen reddish-brown. appear in mid-summer, followed
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
by small fruits.
AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft

15m 0 AD Z5–7 H7–5 50ft
15m 0 AEM Z6–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0
Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’ Acer rubrum ‘Columnare’ Aesculus flava Acer henryi
Deciduous, spreading tree with Deciduous, slender, upright tree with (Sweet buckeye, Yellow buckeye) Deciduous, spreading tree. Dark green
luxuriant leaves divided into oval lobed, dark green foliage becoming a Deciduous, spreading tree. Glossy, leaves with 3 oval, toothed leaflets turn
leaflets, golden-yellow when young, fiery column of red and yellow in fall. dark green leaves, with 5 or 7 oval bright orange and red in fall.
greenish-yellow in summer and leaflets, redden in fall. Has yellow
orange-yellow in fall. flowers in late spring and early
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
summer followed by round
fruits (chestnuts).
76
ADt Z4–9 H9–3 50ft
15m 0 AD Z3–9 H9–1 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z3–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0
Acer capillipes (Snake-bark maple) Malus tschonoskii Acer japonicum ‘Vitifolium’

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has lobed, Deciduous, conical tree with broadly Vigorous, deciduous, bushy tree or
bright green leaves that turn brilliant oval, glossy, mid-green leaves that large shrub with large, rounded, lobed,
red and orange in fall. Older branches turn brilliant shades of orange, red mid-green leaves that turn brilliant red,
are striped green and white. and purple in fall. Single, pink-tinged, orange and purple in fall.
white flowers, in late spring,
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
are followed by red-flushed,
yellowish-green crab apples.
AD Z5–7 H7–5 50ft

15m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0

Prunus sargentii (Sargent cherry) Nyssa sinensis
Deciduous, spreading tree. Oval, dark Deciduous, spreading tree. Has long,
green leaves are red when young, narrow, pointed leaves that are purplish
turning brilliant orange-red in early when young, dark green when mature
fall. Clusters of blush-pink flowers and brilliant scarlet in fall.
appear in midspring.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 50ft

15m 0 AE Z7–9 H9–7 50ft
15m 0
Acer saccharum ‘Temple’s Upright’ Quercus x heterophylla Parrotia persica (Persian ironwood)
Deciduous, columnar tree. In fall, (Bartram’s oak) Deciduous, spreading, short-trunked
large, lobed leaves turn brilliant Deciduous, spreading tree with toothed, tree with flaking, gray and fawn bark.
orange and red. glossy, bright green leaves that turn Rich green leaves turn yellow, orange
orange-red and yellow in fall. and red-purple in fall. Small, red
flowers are borne on bare wood
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
in early spring.
77
AD Z4–9 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AE Z4–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0
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ORNAMENTAL BARK
Of the many ornamental features offered by trees, including
flowers, fruit, and foliage, it is probably bark that makes the
greatest impact in a garden. This is partly because bark is
not transient and offers interest every day of the year and
throughout the mature life of the tree. Chosen carefully, trees Stewartia pseudocamellia
with ornamental bark can lighten up the darkest corner and
provide superb contrast to other plants. While maple (Acer),
birch (Betula), and cherry (Prunus) are obvious choices,
there are many other species with stunning, textured or
colored bark, such as the patterned stems of eucalyptus
and Stewartia. Some trees display their colorful bark from
an early age, others may take a few years to develop—but
the end result is well worth waiting for.
Pinus bungeana
Eucalyptus pauciflora Acer palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’

subsp. niphophila
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii Pinus sylvestris Luma apiculata Acer grosseri Acer griseum
‘Grayswood Ghost’
Betula utilis var. Acer davidii Betula albosinensis Prunus serrula

jacquemontii ‘Jermyns’
78
Betula ermanii Quercus suber Betula nigra Acer pensylvanicum ‘Erythrocladum’
MEDIUM
FALL ALL YEAR
YELLOW GREEN
Betula lenta (Sweet birch, cherry birch) Fraxinus excelsior ‘Pendula’

Deciduous, broadly spreading tree that Deciduous tree with long, slender,
gives off a sweet fragrance when leaves, weeping branches, forming a spreading,
shoots or bark are crushed. Has dark umbrella-like canopy. Produces dull green
red bark with purple flakes. Oval, leaves with 9–11 oval, shallowly toothed
mid-green leaves, to 5in (12cm) leaflets. Most trees are grafted
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
long, fleetingly turn vibrant onto F. excelsior at 10–16ft
gold in fall. (3–5m) above the ground.
AD Z3–7 H7–2 50ft

15m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0

Cladrastis kentukea (Yellowwood) Arbutus x andrachnoides
Deciduous, round-headed tree. Leaves Evergreen, bushy, spreading tree
of 7 or 9 rounded-oval leaflets are dark with peeling, reddish-brown bark
green, turning yellow in fall. Clusters and glossy, dark green foliage.
of fragrant, pealike, yellow-marked, Clusters of small, white flowers
white flowers appear in fall to spring are followed
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
in early summer. by small, strawberry-like,
orange or red fruits.
AD Z4–9 H9–1 50ft

15m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 50ft
15m 0
Fagus sylvatica ‘Dawyck’ Acer pensylvanicum Eucalyptus pauciflora (Cabbage gum, Trochodendron aralioides
Deciduous, narrowly columnar tree (Snake-bark maple) Weeping gum, White sallee) Evergreen, broadly conical tree with
with upward-sweeping branches and Deciduous, upright tree. Shoots Evergreen, spreading tree with peeling, glossy, dark green foliage. In late
oval, lime-green leaves, which darken are boldly striped green and white. white, young bark and red, young spring and early summer bears
as the season progresses, before Large, lobed, mid-green leaves shoots. In summer, white flower clusters of unusual, petal-less,
turning a rich copper color in turn bright yellow in fall. clusters appear amid glossy, wheel-like, green flowers.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
fall. The tree’s form tends to bright gray-green foliage.
“broaden out” in maturity.
79
AD Z4–7 H9–4 50ft
15m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 50ft
15m 0 AE Z6–11 H12–10 50ft
15m 0
www.ebook777.com
MEDIUM
Free ebooks ==> www.ebook777.comSMALL
ALL YEAR SPRING
GREEN WHITE
Quercus agrifolia Crataegus flava (Yellow hawthorn)

(California live oak) Deciduous, spreading tree. Has small,
Evergreen, spreading tree bearing rigid, dark green leaves and white flowers in
spiny-toothed, glossy, dark green leaves. late spring and early summer, followed
by greenish-yellow fruits.
50ft 15m 30ft 10m
AD Z9–11 H11–9 50ft

15m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 30ft
10m 0

Trachycarpus fortunei Laurus nobilis (Bay laurel, Sweet bay) Crataegus orientalis
(Chusan palm, Windmill palm) Evergreen, broadly conical tree with Deciduous, spreading tree with
Evergreen palm with unbranched stem narrowly oval, leathery, very aromatic, deeply lobed, hairy, dark green leaves.
and a head of large, deeply divided, glossy, dark green leaves, used in A profusion of white flowers in late
fanlike, mid-green leaves. Sprays of cooking. Has small, star-shaped, pale spring or early summer is followed
fragrant, creamy-yellow flowers yellow flowers in spring, followed by red fruits tinged with yellow.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 30ft 10m
appear in early summer. by spherical to egg-shaped,
green then black fruits.
AD Z8–11 H12–8 50ft

15m 0 BD Z8–11 H11–1 50ft
15m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft
10m 0
Quercus myrsinifolia Jubaea chilensis Salix babylonica var. pekinensis Mespilus germanica (Medlar)
Evergreen, rounded tree with narrow, (Chilean wine palm, Coquito) ‘Tortuosa’ (Dragon’s-claw willow) Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub.
pointed, glossy, dark green leaves, Slow-growing, evergreen palm with a Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading Has dark green leaves that turn
reddish-purple when young. massive trunk and large, silvery-green tree with curiously twisted shoots and orange-brown in fall, white flowers
leaves. Has small, maroon and yellow contorted, narrow, tapering, bright in spring–summer and brown fruits in
flowers in spring and woody, green leaves. fall, edible when half rotten.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 30ft 10m
yellow fruits in fall.
80
AD Z7–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–9 50ft
15m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 30ft
10m 0
Aesculus californica Prunus incisa (Fuji cherry)

(California buckeye) Deciduous, spreading tree. White or
Deciduous, spreading, sometimes pale pink flowers appear in early spring.
shrubby tree. Dense heads of fragrant, Sharply toothed, dark green leaves are
sometimes pink-tinged, white flowers reddish when young, orange-red in fall.
appear in spring and early
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
summer. Small, dark green
leaves have 5–7 leaflets.
ADt Z7–8 H8–7 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 30ft
10m 0

Prunus ‘Shogetsu’
Deciduous, round-topped tree. In late
spring, pink buds open to large, double,
white flowers that hang in clusters from
long stalks. Mid-green leaves turn
orange and red in fall.
30ft 10m
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft

10m 0
Malus ‘Snowcloud’ Amelanchier laevis

Deciduous, compact tree of upright Deciduous, spreading tree or large
habit, with oval, bronze leaves that turn shrub. Oval, bronze, young leaves turn
dark green. In spring, pink flower buds dark green in summer, red and orange
open to produce masses of semidouble in fall. Sprays of white flowers in
to double, long-lasting, white spring are followed by rounded,
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
flowers, followed in late fleshy, red fruits.
summer by yellow fruits.
81
ADZ4–7 H7–4 30ft
10m 0 AE Z5–9 H9–3 30ft
10m 0
www.ebook777.com
SMALL
SPRING
WHITE PINK
Prunus ‘Taihaku’ (Great white cherry) Prunus x yedoensis (Yoshino cherry)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. Deciduous, round-headed tree with
Very large, single, pure white flowers are spreading, arching branches and
borne in mid-spring among bronze-red, dark green foliage. Sprays of pink
young leaves that mature to dark green. buds open to white or pale pink
flowers in early spring.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–3 30ft
10m 0

Prunus ‘Ukon’ Prunus ‘Spire’ Prunus ‘Pandora’

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree. Deciduous, vase-shaped tree, conical Deciduous tree, upright when young,
Semidouble, pale greenish-white flowers when young. Soft pink flowers appear later spreading. Massed, pale pink
open from pink buds in mid-spring amid profusely from early to mid-spring. flowers appear in early spring. Leaves
pale bronze, young foliage that later Dark green leaves, bronze when are bronze when young, dark green
turns dark green. young, turn brilliant orange-red in summer and often orange
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
in fall. and red in fall.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–5 30ft
10m 0
Prunus ‘Shirotae’ Prunus ‘Hokusai’ Malus x arnoldiana Prunus ‘Yae-murasaki’

Deciduous, spreading tree with slightly Deciduous, spreading tree. Oval, Deciduous, low, spreading tree with Deciduous, spreading tree with bright
arching branches. Large, fragrant, single bronze, young leaves mature to dark arching branches. In mid- to late spring green leaves, bronze when young,
or semidouble, pure white flowers green, then turn orange and red in red buds open to fragrant, pink flowers orange-red in fall. Semidouble, deep
appear in mid-spring. Foliage turns fall. Semidouble, pale pink flowers that fade to white. Bears small, pink flowers are produced in mid-spring.
orange-red in fall. are borne in mid-spring. red-flushed, yellow crab apples
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
in fall. Leaves are oval.
82
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 30ft
10m 0 ADZ4–7 H7–4 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft
10m 0
Prunus pendula ‘Stellata’ Prunus ‘Accolade’ Cercis siliquastrum (Judas tree) Prunus ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’
Deciduous, spreading tree. Pink flowers Deciduous, spreading tree with Deciduous, spreading, bushy tree. Deciduous, weeping tree. Has double,
with narrow, pointed petals, red in bud, clusters of deep pink buds opening Clusters of pealike, bright pink bright pink flowers that cover pendent
open from early to mid-spring. Dark to semidouble, pale pink flowers flowers appear in mid-spring, before branches from mid- to late spring.
green leaves turn yellow in fall. in early spring. Toothed, mid-green or with heart-shaped leaves, followed
leaves turn orange-red in fall. by long, purplish-red pods in
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
late summer.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 30ft
10m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–3 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 30ft
10m 0

Prunus ‘Shirofugen’ Prunus x subhirtella ‘Pendula Rubra’
Deciduous, spreading tree with bronze- Deciduous, weeping tree that bears
red leaves turning orange-red in fall. deep pink flowers in spring before oval,
Pale pink buds open to fragrant, double, dark green leaves appear; these turn
white blooms that turn pink before yellow in fall.
they fade in late spring.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft
10m 0
Prunus ‘Pink Perfection’ Malus x magdeburgensis Prunus persica ‘Prince Charming’

Deciduous, upright tree that bears Deciduous, spreading tree with dark Deciduous, upright, bushy-headed
double, pale pink flowers in late spring. green foliage. Dense clusters of large, tree with narrow, bright green leaves.
Oval leaves are bronze when young, semidouble, deep pink flowers appear Double, deep rose-pink flowers are
dark green in summer. in late spring, occasionally followed by produced in mid-spring.
small, yellow crab apples in fall.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
83
ADtZ6–8 H8–5 30ft
10m 0 ADZ4–7 H7–4 30ft
10m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft
10m 0
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SMALL
SPRING
PINK RED YELLOW
Malus floribunda Malus ‘Royalty’

Deciduous, spreading, dense-headed Deciduous, spreading tree with
tree with pale pink flowers, red in bud, glossy, purple foliage. Crimson-purple
appearing from mid- to late spring, flowers appear from mid- to late spring,
followed by tiny, pea-shaped, yellow followed by dark red crab apples in fall.
crab apples in fall.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft

10m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft
10m 0

Prunus ‘Pink Shell’ Crataegus laevigata ‘Paul’s Scarlet’ Malus ‘Lemoinei’ Laburnum x watereri ‘Vossii’
Deciduous, spreading tree with oval, Deciduous, spreading tree. Has Deciduous, spreading tree. Oval leaves (Voss’s laburnum)
bronze-colored leaves that turn bright toothed, glossy, dark green leaves are deep reddish-purple when young, Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves,
green in early summer, then orange and a profusion of double, red flowers later becoming tinged with bronze. consisting of 3 leaflets, are glossy, deep
in fall. In mid-spring, a profusion of in late spring and early summer. Wine-red flowers in late spring are green. Pendent chains of large, yellow
fragrant, 5-petaled, single, long- followed by dark reddish-purple flowers are borne in late spring
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
stalked, shell-pink flowers crab apples in fall. and early summer.
cover the branches.
AD Z5–8 H8–3 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–3 30ft
10m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–3 30ft
10m 0
Acer pseudoplatanus Acacia baileyana ‘Purpurea’ Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ Sophora tetraptera
‘Brilliantissimum’ Evergreen, spreading tree with divided, Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. Semievergreen, spreading tree or
Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading fernlike, 2-pinnate, bronze-purple, young In mid-spring has flowers that are large shrub with dark green leaves
tree. Lobed leaves are salmon-pink leaves that turn silver-gray later in spring. magenta in bud, opening to pale pink, composed of many tiny leaflets.
when young, then turn yellow and From late winter to early spring produces before heart-shaped, reddish-purple Clusters of golden-yellow flowers
finally dark green in summer. masses of spherical, golden-yellow leaves appear. appear in late spring.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
flower heads in dense racemes.
Is best grown against a wall.
84
AD Z4–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0 ADMZ10–11 H12–10 30ft
10m 0 AD Z4–9 H9–2 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z11–15 H12–10 30ft
10m 0
SUMMER
WHITE
Eucryphia lucida Eucryphia glutinosa Hoheria lyallii

Evergreen, upright, bushy tree with Deciduous, upright or spreading tree. Deciduous, spreading tree with deeply
narrow, glossy, dark green leaves and Glossy, dark green leaves, consisting toothed, gray-green leaves. Clusters of
fragrant, white flowers in early or of 3–5 leaflets, turn orange-red white flowers are borne in mid-summer.
mid-summer. in fall. Large, fragrant, white
flowers appear from mid- to
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
late summer.
BEM Z9–10 H10–9 30ft

10m 0 BEM Z8–11 H11–8 30ft
10m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 30ft
10m 0

Acer crataegifolium ‘Veitchii’
Deciduous, bushy tree with branches
streaked with green and white. Small,
pointed, dark green leaves, blotched
with white and paler green, turn
deep pink and reddish-purple
30ft 10m
in fall.
AD Z6–8 H8–6 30ft

10m 0
Maackia amurensis Hoheria angustifolia Cornus kousa

Deciduous, spreading tree with deep Evergreen, columnar tree with narrow, Deciduous, vase-shaped tree or shrub
green leaves consisting of 7–11 leaflets. dark green leaves. Shallowly cup- with oval, glossy, dark green leaves
Dense, upright spikes of white flowers shaped, white flowers are borne from that turn bright red-purple in fall.
appear from mid- to late summer. mid- to late summer. Large, white bracts, surrounding
insignificant flowers, in early
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
summer, are followed by
strawberry-like fruits.
85
AD Z5–7 H7–5 30ft
10m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 30ft
10m 0 BD Z5–8 H8–5 30ft
10m 0
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SMALL
SUMMER
PINK RED

Lagerstroemia indica ‘Seminole’ Aesculus pavia ‘Atrosanguinea’ Embothrium coccineum

Deciduous, compact, rounded tree Deciduous, round-headed, sometimes (Chilean firebush, flameflower)
bearing trusses of mid-pink flowers, shrubby tree. In summer, panicles Evergreen or semievergreen, upright,
with strongly waved petals, from of deep red flowers appear among suckering tree with lance-shaped,
mid-summer to early fall. Narrowly glossy, dark green leaves, which glossy, deep green leaves. Clusters
oval to oblong, dark green leaves have 5 narrow leaflets. of brilliant orange-red flowers
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
are bronze when young. are borne in late spring
and early summer.
AD Z7–9 H9–6 30ft

10m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–5 30ft
10m 0 BEM Z8–11 H11–8 30ft
10m 0
Robinia x slavinii ‘Hilleri’ Albizia julibrissin (Silk tree) Malus yunnanensis var. veitchii Prunus cerasifera ‘Nigra’
Deciduous, round-headed tree. Pinnate, Deciduous, spreading tree. Large Deciduous, upright tree with lobed, Deciduous, round-headed tree with
pea-green leaves, with 9 or 11 oval- leaves are light to mid-green and heart-shaped leaves, covered with gray deep purple leaves, red when young.
shaped leaflets, turn yellow in fall. divided into many leaflets. Clusters down beneath. Bears white, sometimes Pink flowers are borne in profusion
In early summer, pealike, lilac- of brushlike, clear pink flowers pink-tinged, flowers in late spring from early to mid-spring.
pink flowers are borne in loose appear in late summer or fall. and a mass of small, red-flushed,
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
racemes. Branches are prone brown crab apples in late
to wind damage. summer and fall.
86
ADZ5–9 H9–5 30ft
10m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 30ft
10m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–7 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–1 30ft
10m 0
FLOWERING DOGWOODS
A genus of around 50 species of hardy plants, Cornus is
perhaps best known for its shrubby dogwoods, such as
Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’, which produce brightly colored winter
stems. However, the flowering trees within this genus have
much to offer, as they are highly ornamental, ideal for small
gardens, and easy to grow—many accommodating a wide
range of soil types. The majority flower in late spring or
early summer. Their “flowers” consist of a rounded hub of
tiny blooms, surrounded by showy petal-like bracts, up to
3 in (7.5 cm) across on some cultivars, which range in color
from pure white, cream, and yellow to pink and red. In good
summers, attractive, edible, strawberry-like fruits develop
after flowering. Several species, such as Cornus kousa,
also produce striking fall leaf color.
C. kousa ‘National’ C. kousa ‘Miss Satomi’
C. nuttallii ‘Monarch’ C. florida ‘Rainbow’
C. florida ‘Cherokee Princess’ C. alternifolia C. florida ‘Cherokee Chief’
C. controversa C. alternifolia ‘Argentea’ t C. ‘Porlock’ t C. mas
C. kousa var. chinensis C. capitata

‘China Girl’
87
C. ‘Eddie’s White Wonder’ t C. kousa var. chinensis C. mas ‘Aureoelegantissima’
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SMALL
SUMMER
GREEN
Ehretia dicksonii Cydonia oblonga ‘Vranja’

Deciduous, spreading tree with sturdy, (Common quince)
ridged branches and large, dark green Deciduous, spreading tree. Pale green
leaves. Large, flattish heads of small, leaves, gray-felted beneath, mature
fragrant, white flowers are borne to dark green and set off large,
in mid-summer. white or pale pink flowers in late
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
spring and, later, very fragrant,
golden-yellow fruits.
AD Z7–11 H11–7 30ft

10m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–3 30ft
10m 0

Pseudopanax ferox Juglans microcarpa Betula pendula ‘Youngii’

Evergreen, upright tree with long, (Little walnut, Texas walnut) (Young’s weeping birch)
narrow, rigid, sharply toothed leaves Deciduous, bushy-headed tree with Deciduous, weeping tree forming a
that are dark bronze-green overlaid large, aromatic leaves of many mushroom-shaped dome of thread-
white or gray. narrow, pointed leaflets that turn like branchlets. Has triangular,
yellow in fall. serrated leaves and smooth,
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
white bark that is fissured
black at maturity.
AD Z8–11 H11–8 30ft

10m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 30ft
10m 0 AD Z2–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0
Pyrus salicifolia ‘Pendula’ Ulmus glabra ‘Camperdownii’ Acer carpinifolium (Hornbeam maple) Morus alba ‘Laciniata’
Deciduous, weeping, mound-shaped Deciduous, strongly weeping tree Deciduous tree of elegant habit, often (White mulberry)
tree with white flowers in midspring with sinuous branches. Leaves are with several main stems. Prominent- Deciduous, spreading tree. Has rounded,
and narrow, gray leaves. very large, rough and dull green. veined, hornbeam-like leaves turn deeply lobed, glossy leaves that turn
golden-brown in fall. yellow in fall and bears edible, pink,
red or purple fruits in summer.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
88
AD Z5–9 H9–5 30ft
10m 0 AD Z3–9 H8–2 30ft
10m 0 AD Z4–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft
10m 0
FALL
YELLOW RED
Paraserianthes lophantha Laburnum alpinum Cornus florida ‘Welchii’

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading (Scotch laburnum) Deciduous, spreading tree. Bears
tree. Has fernlike, dark green leaves Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves white bracts, surrounding tiny flowers,
comprising many leaflets. Creamy- consist of 3 leaflets and are glossy, in spring. Dark green leaves, edged
yellow flower spikes appear in dark green. Long, slender chains with white and pink, turn red and
spring–summer. of bright yellow flowers appear purple in fall.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
in late spring or early summer.
AD Z8–10 H10–8 30ft

10m 0 ADtZ4–7 H7–4 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–3 30ft
10m 0

Koelreuteria paniculata Acer shirasawanum ‘Aureum’
(Golden-rain tree, Pride of India) Deciduous, bushy tree or large
Deciduous, spreading tree with shrub. Has rounded, many-lobed,
mid-green leaves, turning yellow in pale yellow leaves.
fall. Bears sprays of yellow flowers
in summer, followed by inflated,
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
bronze-pink fruits.
AD Z6–9 H9–1 30ft

10m 0 AD Z5–7 H7–5 30ft
10m 0
Genista aetnensis Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’ Malus ‘Veitch’s Scarlet’

(Mount Etna broom) Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or Deciduous, spreading tree with dark
Almost leafless, rounded tree with many small tree with lobed, reddish-purple green foliage. Carries white flowers in
slender, bright green branches and a foliage that turns brilliant red in fall. late spring and crimson-flushed, scarlet
profusion of fragrant, pealike, golden- Small, reddish-purple flowers are crab apples in fall.
yellow flowers in mid-summer. borne in mid-spring.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
89
AD Z9–10 H10–9 30ft
10m 0 AE Z6–8 H8–2 30ft
10m 0 ADZ4–7 H7–4 30ft
10m 0
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SMALL
FALL
RED
Photinia davidiana Malus prunifolia

Evergreen, spreading tree or large Deciduous, spreading tree. Has dark
shrub with narrow, glossy, dark green green leaves and fragrant, white flowers
leaves, older ones turning red in in mid-spring. In fall bears long-lasting,
fall. Sprays of white flowers in early small, red or occasionally yellowish
summer are followed by clusters crab apples.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
of bright red fruits in fall.
BD Z7–9 H9–7 30ft

10m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft
10m 0

Malus ‘Cowichan’ Acer palmatum ‘Osakazuki’ Malus ‘Marshall Oyama’

Deciduous, spreading tree. Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub Deciduous, upright tree with
Has dark green foliage, reddish- or tree with large, 7-lobed, mid-green dark green leaves. Pink-flushed,
purple when young. Pink flowers leaves that turn brilliant scarlet in fall. white flowers borne in late spring
appear in mid-spring, followed Clusters of small, reddish-purple are followed by a profusion of
by reddish-purple crab apples. flowers are borne in mid-spring. large, rounded, crimson and
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
yellow crab apples in fall.
AD Z5–8 H8–5 30ft

10m 0 BD Z6–8 H8–2 30ft
10m 0 ADZ4–8 H8–4 30ft
10m 0
Acer japonicum ‘Aconitifolium’ Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala Rhus trichocarpa Crataegus pedicellata
Deciduous, bushy tree or large shrub. (Amur maple) Deciduous, spreading tree. Large, Deciduous, spreading tree with
Deeply divided, mid-green leaves Deciduous, spreading tree or large ashlike leaves with 13–17 leaflets are sharply toothed, lobed, dark green
turn red in fall. Reddish-purple flowers shrub. Clusters of fragrant, creamy- pinkish when young, dark green in leaves that turn orange and red in
appear in mid-spring. white flowers are borne in early summer and purple-red to orange fall. White flowers with red anthers
summer amid dainty, bright in fall. Bears pendent, bristly, in late spring are followed by
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
green leaves that turn red yellow fruits. bright red fruits in fall.
in fall.
90
BD Z5–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 30ft
10m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 30ft
10m 0
SORBUS
Comprising more than 100 hardy species, the genus Sorbus
includes a wide range of ornamental trees ideal for small to
medium-sized gardens. They provide a year-round display of
color and interest, with fragrant corymbs of cream flowers,
attractive, divided foliage, vibrant fall color, and decorative S. scalaris
berrylike fruits that last well into winter on some species.
Most members of this genus fall into one of two categories: the
Aucuparia group, which has pinnate leaves like rowan (Sorbus
aucuparia), and the Aria group, which has rounded or oval leaves,
such as whitebeam (Sorbus aria). Virtually all species are easy
to grow and thrive in full sun or dappled shade, and in well-
drained, fertile, acidic or alkaline soil , although species within
the Aucuparia group are not long-lived on shallow alkaline soils.
Acer triflorum
Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with peeling, gray-brown bark.
Leaves, composed of 3 leaflets, are
dark green, turning brilliant
orange-red in fall. Clusters
30ft 10m
of tiny, yellow-green flowers
appear in late spring.
AD Z5–7 H7–5 30ft

10m 0
S. cashmiriana t S. aucuparia t
S. forrestii S. x kewensis S. commixta t

Malus ‘Professor Sprenger’
Deciduous, rounded, dense tree.
Dark green leaves turn yellow in
late fall. White flowers, pink in
bud, open from mid- to late spring
and are followed by orange-red
30ft 10m
crab apples in fall.
AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft

10m 0
S. thibetica ‘John Mitchell’ t S. vilmorinii t S. sargentiana
S. megalocarpa
Malus ‘John Downie’

Deciduous tree, narrow and upright
when young, conical when mature.
White flowers, borne amid bright
green foliage in late spring,
are followed by large, edible,
30ft 10m
red-flushed, orange crab
apples in fall.
91
ADZ5–8 H8–5 30ft
10m 0
S. intermedia S. aria ‘Lutescens’ t S. esserteauana
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SMALL
FALL WINTER
YELLOW YELLOW
Acacia pravissima (Ovens wattle) Acacia baileyana

Evergreen, spreading, arching tree Evergreen, spreading tree with divided,
or shrub. Has triangular, spine-tipped, fernlike, 2-pinnate, silvery-gray or blue-
silver-gray phyllodes (flat, leaflike stalks) gray leaves. From late winter to early
and small heads of bright yellow flowers spring produces masses of spherical,
in late winter or early spring. golden-yellow flower heads
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
in dense, axillary racemes.
Is best grown against a wall.
AD Z11 H11–10 30ft

10m 0 AD Z10–11 H11–10 30ft
10m 0

Malus ‘Golden Hornet’

Deciduous, spreading tree with dark
green foliage and open cup-shaped,
white flowers in late spring. In
fall, branches are weighed down
by a profusion of golden-yellow
30ft 10m
crab apples.
ADZ4–8 H7–4 30ft

10m 0 0
Picrasma quassioides (Quassia) Acer laxiflorum Ilex aquifolium ‘Amber’

Deciduous, spreading tree with glossy, Deciduous, spreading tree with arching Evergreen, much-branched, conical,
bright green leaves, composed of 9–13 branches streaked with white and green. female tree with abundant, amber-
leaflets, that turn brilliant yellow, In late summer has pale red, winged yellow berries. Mid-green stems
orange and red in fall. fruits. Pointed, red-stalked, dark green bear elliptic, usually entire, bright
leaves turn orange in fall. green leaves.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
92
AD Z6–9 H9–6 30ft
10m 0 AD Z6–7 H7–6 30ft
10m 0 BD Z7–9 H9–7 30ft
10m 0
ALL YEAR
GREEN
Aralia elata ‘Variegata’

Deciduous tree or shrub with sparse,
sturdy, prickly stems. Large, dark green
leaves, with cream margins, are divided
into numerous oval, paired leaflets.
Billowing heads of tiny, white
30ft 10m
flowers, forming large panicles,
are borne in late summer.
BD Z4–9 H9–1 30ft

10m 0

Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’
Deciduous, erect tree, with a very
distinctive flamelike outline that
becomes more open with age.
Oval, prominently veined, dark
green leaves turn yellow and
30ft 10m
orange in fall.
AD Z4–8 H8–1 30ft

10m 0
Lithocarpus henryi Pittosporum eugenioides Arbutus unedo (Strawberry tree)

Slow-growing, evergreen, broadly ‘Variegatum’ Evergreen, spreading tree or
conical tree with glossy, pale green Evergreen, columnar tree. Wavy-edged, shrub with rough, brown bark
leaves that are long, narrow and pointed. glossy, dark green leaves have white and glossy, deep green leaves.
margins. Honey-scented, pale yellow Pendent, urn-shaped, white flowers
flowers are borne in spring. appear in fall–winter as previous
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
season’s strawberry-like, red
fruits ripen.
93
AD Z8–10 H10–8 30ft
10m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 30ft
10m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–6 30ft
10m 0
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HOLLIES
The common holly, Ilex aquifolium, is one of the best-known
evergreen trees, but many other Ilex cultivars make attractive
garden plants. In size they range from tall specimen trees
to small shrubs. Leaves may be smooth-edged or spiny
and vary in color, several having gold, yellow, cream, I. x altaclerensis I. pernyi t
‘Camelliifolia Variegata’ t
white, or gray variegation. Small, often white, male and
female flowers, borne on separate plants during summer,
are followed by red, yellow, or black berries. In almost all
cases, hollies are unisexual—that is, the berries are borne
on female plants—so to obtain fruits it is usually necessary
to grow plants of both sexes. When choosing, don’t rely
on variety names to sex plants; I. aquifolium ‘Silver Queen’
is male. Hollies respond well to pruning and many
can be clipped to form hedges.
I. x koehneana ‘Chestnut Leaf’
I. crenata ‘Convexa’ t I. aquifolium ‘Argentea Marginata’ t
I. aquifolium ‘Silver Queen’ t I. aquifolium I. aquifolium I. x altaclerensis

‘Madame Briot’ t ‘Silver Milkmaid’ t ‘Belgica Aurea’ t
I. x altaclerensis ‘Balearica’ t I. aquifolium ‘Golden Milkboy’ t I. aquifolium ‘Ferox Argentea’
I. x meserveae BLUE PRINCESS I. aquifolium ‘Pyramidalis I. x altaclerensis ‘Golden King’

(‘Conapri’) t Aureomarginata’ t
94
I. aquifolium t I. verticillata t I. x altaclerensis ‘Camelliifolia’ t I. aquifolium ‘Bacciflava’
LARGE CONIFERS
BLUE SILVER
Cupressus cashmeriana
(Kashmir cypress)
Handsome, broadly conical conifer,
spreading with age, with aromatic
foliage borne in pendent, flat,
glaucous blue sprays. Bears
100ft 30m
small, globose, dark brown,
mature cones.
AE Z6–9 H9–6 75ft

22.5m 0

Cedrus atlantica f. glauca Pinus ayacahuite Abies procera (Noble fir)
(Blue Atlas cedar) (Mexican white pine) Narrowly conical conifer with
Conical conifer with silvery-blue Spreading conifer with weeping leaves smooth, silvery-gray bark and
foliage that is very bright, especially made up of lax, blue-green needles, to gray-green or bright blue-gray
in spring. Erect, cylindrical cones 6in (16cm) long, in bundles of 5. Pendent leaves. Produces sturdy, cylindrical,
are produced in fall. Is widely cones are generally covered with green cones, 6–10in (15–25cm)
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
planted as a specimen tree. sticky, white resin and may grow long, that ripen to brown.
10in (25cm) or more long.
AE Z6–9 H9–6 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft
22.5m 0 BE Z5–6 H6–5 75ft
22.5m 0
Abies concolor ‘Argentea’ Pinus x holfordiana (Holford pine) x Cuprocyparis ‘Haggerston Grey’ Pinus peuce (Macedonian pine)
Conical conifer with silvery foliage that Broadly conical, open conifer with Vigorous, upright, columnar conifer, Upright conifer, forming a slender
contrasts well with dark gray bark. large cones, brown when ripe. tapering at the apex. Has smooth pyramid. Has dense, gray-green foliage
Oblong to ovoid, pale blue or green Pendent, glaucous blue-green bark, becoming stringy with and cylindrical, green cones with
cones are 3–5in (8–12cm) long. leaves are held in clusters of 5. age, flat sprays of pointed, gray- white resin that ripen brown in fall.
green leaves, and dark brown Is an attractive tree that grows
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
female cones. A popular consistently well in all sites.
screening plant.
95
BE Z3–7 H7–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z6–7 H7–6 75ft
22.5m 0 BDt Z6–9 H12–9 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z5–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0
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LARGE CONIFERS
GREEN
Pinus strobus (Eastern white pine)

Conifer with an open, sparse, whorled
crown. Has gray-green foliage and
cylindrical cones. Smooth, gray bark
becomes fissured with age. Does not
tolerate pollution.
100ft 30m
AE Z4–9 H9–1 75ft

22.5m 0

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Cedrus deodara (Deodar cedar)

‘Intertexta’ (Blue Douglas fir) Fast-growing conifer, densely conical
Elegant, weeping conifer with aromatic, Fast-growing, conical conifer with with weeping tips when young, broader
gray-green foliage carried in lax, thick, grooved, corky, gray-brown when mature. Has spirally arranged,
pendulous sprays. Old trees bark, aromatic, glaucous blue-green needle-like, gray-green leaves and
become columnar with some leaves, and sharply pointed buds. barrel-shaped, glaucous cones,
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
splayed branches. Cones have projecting, 3–5in (8–12cm) long,
3-pronged bracts. ripening to brown.
BEt Z5–9 H9–5 75ft

22.5m 0 BE Z4–7 H7–1 75ft
22.5m 0 BE Z6–9 H9–6 75ft
22.5m 0
Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi pine) Metasequoia glyptostroboides Pinus coulteri Abies veitchii (Veitch fir)
Erect, bushy, conifer with narrowly (Dawn redwood) (Big-cone pine, Coulter pine) Upright conifer with dark green
oblong, pointed, needle-like, dark green Fast-growing, deciduous, upright Fast-growing conifer with large, leaves, silvery beneath, and
leaves, and “bubbly,” brown bark conifer with fibrous, reddish bark. Soft, broadly ovoid, prickly cones, each cylindrical, violet-blue cones.
when mature. In winter, shoot tips blue-green leaves turn yellow, pink and 2–4½lb (1–2kg). Gray-green leaves
are covered in a protective, white red in fall. Cones are globose to in crowded clusters are sparsely
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
resin. Catkin-like female cones ovoid, ¾in (2cm) long. set on branches. Grows in all
are borne on shoot tips. soils, even heavy clays.
96
BD Z7–11 H11–1 75ft
22.5m 0 BF Z5–10 H11–8 75ft
22.5m 0 AF Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0 CE Z3–6 H6–1 75ft
22.5m 0
Pinus ponderosa Cedrus libani (Cedar of Lebanon) Sequoia sempervirens

(Ponderosa pine, western yellow pine) Spreading conifer, usually with several (Coastal redwood)
Conical or upright conifer, grown for arching stems. Branches carry flat layers Vigorous conical conifer with horizontal
its distinctive, deeply fissured bark, of dark gray-green foliage and oblong branches. Has soft, fibrous, red-brown
with smooth, brown plates, and to ovoid, grayish-pink cones, 3–6in bark and needle-like, flattened, pale green
bold grayish-green foliage. Bears (8–15cm) long. leaves, spirally arranged. Rounded
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
ovoid, purplish-brown cones. to cylindrical cones, initially
green, ripen to dark brown.
AE Z5–8 H8–5 75ft

22.5m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–3 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0

Pinus muricata (Bishop pine) Larix decidua (European larch) Pinus wallichiana
Fast-growing, often flat-topped conifer. Fast-growing, deciduous conifer (Bhutan pine, Himalayan pine)
Leaves are blue- or gray-green and held with a conical crown when young, Conical conifer with long, drooping,
in pairs. Ovoid cones, 3–3½in (7–9cm) broadening on maturity, and spaced blue-green leaves in 5s. Has smooth
long, rarely open. Does particularly branches. Shoots are yellow-brown bark, gray-green on young trees,
well in a poor, sandy soil. in winter. Has light green leaves later fissured and dark, and
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
and small, erect, conical cones. cylindrical cones.
AD Z7–9 H9–7 75ft

22.5m 0 AD Z3–6 H6–1 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–5 75ft
22.5m 0
Pinus jeffreyi (Black pine, Jeffrey pine) Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair tree) Pinus patula (Mexican yellow pine) Pinus pinaster
Upright, narrow-crowned conifer Long-lived, deciduous conifer, upright Rounded to broadly spreading conifer (Cluster pine, Maritime pine)
with sturdy, gray-green leaves, 5–10in when young, spreading with age. Has with scaling, ocher-colored bark. Vigorous, domed conifer with a long,
(12–26cm) long. Bark is black with fan-shaped, 5in (12cm) long, bright Weeping shoots bear narrow, bright branchless trunk. Has gray-green
fine, deep fissures and shoots have green leaves. Bears fruits with edible green leaves, to 30cm (12in) long, leaves and whorls of rich brown
an attractive, grayish bloom. kernels in late summer and fall, in clusters of 3–5. Long-conical, cones. Purple-brown bark is
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
if male and female plants are chestnut-brown cones have deeply fissured. Is well-suited
grown together. a prickle on each scale. to a dry, sandy soil.
97
AD Z6–8 H8–6 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–3 75ft
22.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 75ft
22.5m 0 ADZ8–10 H10–7 75ft
22.5m 0
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LARGE CONIFERS
GREEN
Picea abies Pinus nigra subsp. nigra Araucaria araucana

(Common spruce, Norway spruce) (Austrian pine) (Chile pine, Monkey puzzle)
Fast-growing, pyramidal conifer with Broadly crowned conifer, with Open, spreading conifer with gray
dark green leaves. Narrow, pendulous, well-spaced branches, often bark, wrinkled like elephant hide. Has
glossy, brown cones are 4–8in (10–20cm) with several stems. Paired, dark flattened and sharp, glossy, dark green
long. Much used as a green leaves are densely tufted. leaves and 6in (15cm) long cones.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
Christmas tree but less Tolerates an exposed site. Makes a fine specimen tree.
useful as an ornamental.
BE Z3–8 H8–1 75ft

22.5m 0 AE Z5–8 H8–4 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z7–11 H11–6 75ft
22.5m 0

Pinus radiata (Monterey pine) Picea omorika (Serbian spruce)

Very fast-growing conifer, conical when Narrow, conical conifer, resembling
young, domed when mature. Black bark a church spire, with dark green leaves
contrasts well with soft, bright green that are white below. Branches are
leaves. Makes an excellent windbreak. pendulous and arch out at tips.
Violet-purple cones age to
100ft 30m 100ft 30m
glossy brown. Grows steadily
in all soils.
AE Z7–9 H9–7 75ft

22.5m 0 0 BE Z4–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0
Abies grandis (Giant fir, Grand fir) Sequoiadendron giganteum Pinus heldreichii (Bosnian pine)
Very vigorous, narrow, conical conifer, (Giant redwood, Wellingtonia) Dense, conical conifer with scaly,
with a neat habit. Mid-green leaves have Very fast growing, conical conifer. Has ash-gray bark and dark green leaves
an orange aroma when crushed. Cones, thick, fibrous, red-brown bark and held in pairs. Ovoid cones, 2–4in
3in (7–8cm) long, ripen red-brown. sharp, bluish-green leaves. Is one (5–10cm) long, are cobalt-blue in early
Makes a useful specimen tree. of the world’s largest trees summer, ripening to brown.
100ft 30m 100ft 30m 100ft 30m
when mature.
98
BE Z5–6 H6–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–4 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z4–8 H8–1 75ft
22.5m 0
MEDIUM CONIFERS
GREEN/YELLOW BLUE
x Cuprocyparis ‘Castlewellan’ Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Upright, vigorous conifer, slightly slower ‘Pembury Blue’
growing than the species, grown for its Magnificent, conical conifer with
bronze-yellow foliage. aromatic, bright blue-gray foliage
held in pendulous sprays.
100ft 30m 50ft 15m
ADt Z6–9 H12–9 75ft

22.5m 0 AEt Z5–9 H9–5 50ft
15m 0

Picea orientalis ‘Skylands’ Picea engelmannii Picea breweriana (Brewer’s spruce) Tsuga mertensiana ‘Glauca’
Dense, upright, graceful conifer with (Engelmann spruce, Mountain spruce) Upright conifer with level branches Slow-growing, dwarf or medium-sized,
short, glossy leaves that retain their Broadly conical conifer. Leaves encircle and completely pendulous branchlets, columnar-conical conifer with red-brown
creamy-gold color throughout the shoots and are prickly or soft, lush, to 6ft (2m) long. Leaves are sturdy and shoots bearing spirally arranged,
year. Narrowly oblong cones are glaucous or bluish-green. Bears blue-green. Bears oblong, purplish needle-like, flattened, glaucous,
dark purple, males turning small, cylindrical cones. Is good cones, 2½–3in (6–8cm) long. silver-gray leaves. Cones are
100ft 30m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
brick-red in spring. for a very poor site. yellow-green to purple,
ripening to dark brown.
BE Z5–8 H8–5 75ft

22.5m 0 BE Z3–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 BE Z6–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0 BE Z6–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0
Taxodium distichum Picea glauca ‘Coerulea’ Picea pungens ‘Koster’ Pinus parviflora
(Bald cypress, Swamp cypress) Dense, upright, conical conifer with Upright conifer with whorled branches. (Japanese white pine)
Deciduous, broadly conical conifer with needle-like, blue-green to silver leaves Has scaly, gray bark and attractive, Slow-growing, conical or spreading
small, globose to ovoid cones. Yewlike, and ovoid, light brown cones. needle-like, silvery-blue leaves, which conifer with fine, bluish foliage and
fresh green leaves turn rich brown fade to green with age. Tends to suffer purplish-brown bark. Leaves are
in late fall. Grows in a very wet from aphid attack. held in 5s. Bears ovoid cones,
100ft 30m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
site, producing special 2–4in (5–10cm) long.
breathing roots.
99
AF Z5–11 H12–5 75ft
22.5m 0 AE Z2–6 H6–1 50ft
15m 0 AD Z2–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 50ft
15m 0
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MEDIUM CONIFERS
GREEN
Abies forrestii (Forrest fir) Pinus rigida (Northern pitch pine)

Conical conifer with an open, Conical conifer, often with sucker shoots
whorled habit and smooth, silvery- from trunk. Twisted, dark green leaves
gray bark. Shoots are red-brown, are borne in 3s. Ovoid to globose,
with spherical, white buds. Has red-brown cones, 1¼–3in (3–8cm)
dark green leaves, silvery-white long, persist, open, on the tree.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
beneath, and ovoid-cylindrical,
violet-blue cones.
BEZ5–6 H6–5 50ft

15m 0 AEZ4–7 H7–4 50ft
15m 0

Juniperus chinensis ‘Keteleeri’ Picea likiangensis (Lijiang spruce) Podocarpus salignus Austrocedrus chilensis
Dense, regular, slender, columnar Upright conifer with bluish-white leaves Upright conifer. Leaves are willow- (Chilean incense cedar)
conifer with scalelike, aromatic, are well-spaced. Cones, 3–6in (8–15cm) like, 2–4in (5–11cm) long, and glossy Conical conifer with flattened, feathery
grayish-green leaves and peeling, long, are cylindrical, females bright red above. Attractive, fibrous, red-brown sprays of 4-ranked, small, dark green
brown bark. Makes a reliable, free- when young, ripening to purple; male bark peels in strips. leaves, white beneath.
fruiting form for formal use. cones are pink.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
AD Z3–9 H9–1
50ft
15m 0 BE Z4–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0 BE Z8–11 H11–8 50ft
15m 0 BE Z8–10 H11–8 50ft
15m 0
Fitzroya cupressoides Pinus thunbergii Juniperus recurva var. coxii Cunninghamia lanceolata

(Patagonian cypress) (Japanese black pine) (Coffin juniper) (Chinese fir)
Vase-shaped to sprawling conifer with Rounded conifer, conical when young, Slow-growing, conical conifer with Upright conifer, mop-headed on a dry
red-brown bark that peels in long strips. with dark green leaves and gray- smooth bark flakes in thin sheets. site, with distinctive, thick and deeply
White-lined, dark green leaves are held brown cones, 1½–2½in (4–6cm) Weeping sprays of long, needle- furrowed, red-brown bark. Glossy,
in open, pendulous, wiry sprays. long. Buds are covered with a like, aromatic, incurved leaves green leaves are sharply pointed
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
silky cobweb of white hairs. are bright green. Globose or and lance-shaped.
Tolerates sea spray well. ovoid, fleshy berries are black.
100
BD Z7–9 H9–7 50ft
15m 0 AE Z5–8 H8–5 50ft
15m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 50ft
15m 0 BE Z7–9 H9–7 50ft
15m 0
Phyllocladus trichomanoides Torreya californica

Slow-growing conifer, conical when (California nutmeg)
young, developing a more rounded top Upright conifer with very prickly,
with age. Leaflike, deep green, modified glossy, dark green leaves, yellowish-
shoots, 4–6in (10–15cm) long, have 5–10 green beneath, similar to those of
lobed segments. yew. Fruits are olive-like.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
BE H11–9 50ft
15m 0 BE Z7–11 H12–7 50ft
15m 0

Sciadopitys verticillata Calocedrus decurrens (Incense cedar) Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’ (Irish yew)
(Japanese umbrella pine) Upright conifer with short, horizontal Slow-growing conifer with a broadly
Conical conifer with reddish-brown branches and flaky, gray bark, brown conical, later domed crown. Erect
bark. Deep green leaves, yellowish beneath. Has flat sprays of aromatic, branches bear needle-like, flattened,
beneath, are whorled at the ends dark green leaves. Resists honey fungus. dark green leaves that stand out
of shoots, like umbrella spokes. all around shoots. Female plants
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
Ovoid cones ripen over 2 years. bear cup-shaped, fleshy, bright
red fruits.
BF Z5–9 H9–4 50ft

15m 0 BE Z5–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 BDt Z7–8 H8–7 50ft
15m 0
Picea morrisonicola (Taiwan spruce) Pinus cembra (Arolla pine) Pinus contorta var. latifolia Chamaecyparis thyoides
Upright, conical conifer, becoming Dense, conical conifer with dark green (Lodgepole pine) (White cypress)
columnar with age. Needle-like, or bluish-green leaves grouped in 5s. Conical conifer with bright green leaves, Upright conifer with aromatic, green
deep green leaves are pressed Ovoid, bluish or purplish cones, 2½– 3in 2½–4in (6–9cm) long. Small, oval cones or blue-gray leaves in rather erratic,
down on slender, pale brown (6–8cm) long, ripen brown. remain closed on the tree. Is suitable fan-shaped sprays on very fine shoots.
shoots. Cones are cylindrical for a wet or coastal site. Cones are small, round and
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
and 2–3in (5–7cm) long. glaucous blue-gray.
101
BE Z7–9 H9–7 50ft
15m 0 AE Z3–7 H7–1 50ft
15m 0 AF Z6–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0 BFt Z3–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0
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MEDIUM CONIFERS
GREEN YELLOW
Pinus banksiana (Jack pine) Tsuga canadensis Pinus contorta

Slender, conical, scrubby-looking (Canada hemlock, Eastern hemlock) (Beach pine, Shore pine)
conifer with fresh green leaves in Broadly conical conifer, often with Dense, conical or domed conifer.
twisted, divergent pairs. Curved cones, several stems. Gray shoots have Has paired, bright green leaves and
1¼–2½in (3–6cm) long, point forward 2-ranked, dark green leaves, conical to ovoid cones, 1¼–3in (3–8cm)
along shoots. often inverted to show silver long. Is well-suited to a windy,
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
lines beneath. Cones are ovoid barren site and tolerates
and light brown. waterlogged ground.
AD Z3–8 H8–1 50ft

15m 0 CE Z4–8 H8–1 50ft
15m 0 AE Z6–8 H8–6 50ft
15m 0
T
Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) Pseudolarix amabilis (Golden larch)

Conical, open-crowned conifer with Deciduous, open-crowned conifer,
an open growth of bright green leaves, slow-growing when young. Has clusters
2½–4½in (6–11cm) long, and ovoid, of linear, fresh green leaves, 1–2½in
glossy, brown cones. Young trees (2.5–6cm) long, which gradually turn
retain glaucous, juvenile needles bright orange-gold in fall.
50ft 15m 50ft 15m
for several years.
AD Z9–10 H10–9 50ft

15m 0 AE Z5–9 H9–4 50ft
15m 0
Cupressus sempervirens ‘Stricta’ Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Taxus baccata ‘Lutea’
(Italian cypress) ‘Green Pillar’ ‘Lanei Aurea’ (Yellow-berried yew)
Narrow, columnar conifer with upward Conical conifer with upright branches. Upright conifer that forms a neat Slow-growing conifer grown for its
sweeping branches. Has fissured bark Aromatic foliage is bright green column of aromatic, golden-yellow fleshy, bright golden-yellow fruits.
and scalelike, deep green leaves. Bears and becomes tinged with gold tipped foliage. These look particularly striking against
globular, prickly, woody, brown in spring. Is suitable for hedging the needle-like, dark green
50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m 50ft 15m
cones, to 1¼in (3cm) across. as requires little clipping. leaves and are often borne
in great profusion in fall.
102
AD Z7–9 H9–3 50ft
15m 0 BEt Z5–9 H9–5 50ft
15m 0 BEt Z5–9 H9–5 50ft
15m 0 CDt Z7–8 H8–7 50ft
15m 0
SMALL CONIFERS
GREEN
Pinus aristata (Bristlecone pine)

Slow-growing, bushy conifer. Leaves
are in bundles of 5, very dense and
blue-white to gray-green, flecked with
white resin. Ovoid cones, 1½–4in (4–10cm)
long, have bristly prickles. Is the
30ft 10m
oldest known living plant,
over 4,000 years old.
AD Z2–10 H9–1 30ft

10m 0

Picea mariana ‘Doumetii’ Juniperus chinensis ‘Obelisk’
Densely branched, globose or broadly Slender, irregularly columnar conifer.
conical conifer with short, needle-like, Has ascending branches and long,
silvered, dark green leaves and prickly, needle-like, aromatic, dark green
pendulous, ovoid, purplish cones. leaves. Tolerates a wide range of soils
and conditions but is particularly
30ft 10m 30ft 10m
suited to a hot, dry site.
BE Z2–6 H6–1 30ft

10m 0 AD Z3–9 H9–1 30ft
10m 0
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Juniperus recurva (Drooping juniper, Juniperus chinensis ‘Robusta Green’ Pinus cembroides
‘Columnaris’ Himalayan weeping juniper) Slow-growing, narrow, columnar (Mexican stone pine, Pinyon)
Narrow, upright conifer that forms Slow-growing, conical conifer with conifer, making only 3in (7–8cm) a year, Slow-growing, bushy conifer,
a neat column of aromatic, blue-gray aromatic, incurved, gray- or blue-green with aromatic, blue-green foliage and rarely more than 20–22ft (6–7m)
foliage. Will tolerate poor soil and leaves and fleshy, black berries. Smooth small, gray-green juniper berries. high. Scaly bark is a striking silver-
some clipping. Is an effective, bark flakes in thin sheets. gray or grayish-brown. Leaves,
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
small, specimen tree. in clusters of 2 or 3, are sparse
and dark green to gray-green.
103
BEt Z5–9 H9–5 30ft
10m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 30ft
10m 0 AD Z3–9 H9–1 30ft
10m 0 AD Z2–10 H9–1 30ft
10m 0
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SMALL CONIFERS
GREEN YELLOW
Abies koreana (Korean fir) Cryptomeria japonica ‘Pyramidata’ Cedrus deodara ‘Aurea’
Broadly conical conifer. Produces Narrowly columnar or obelisk-shaped Slow-growing, upright conifer with
cylindrical, violet-blue cones when conifer. Foliage is blue-green when pendent branch tips and golden-yellow
less than 3ft (1m) tall. Leaves are young, maturing to dark green. leaves when young in spring–summer.
dark green above, silver beneath. Foliage matures to yellowish-green.
Makes a dramatic, small-
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
garden evergreen.
BE Z5–7 H6–6 30ft

10m 0 BE Z6–9 H9–4 30ft
10m 0 BE Z6–9 H9–6 30ft
10m 0

Cryptomeria japonica ‘Cristata’ Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew) Pinus sylvestris ‘Aurea’ Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Crippsii’
Conical conifer with twisted, curved Evergreen, spreading conifer. Leaves Upright conifer that develops a rounded Attractive, small-garden, conical
shoots and soft, fibrous bark. Foliage are dark green above, yellowish-green crown with age. Bark is flaking and conifer, grown for its flattened sprays
is bright green, ageing brown. beneath, sometimes becoming tinged red-brown on upper trunk, fissured and of aromatic, bright golden foliage.
red-brown in cold weather. Tolerates purple-gray at base. Golden-yellow leaves Bark is stringy and red-brown.
very dry and shady conditions. seen in winter–spring, otherwise Cones are round, ½in (1cm)
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
blue-green. Green cones ripen across, and brown.
to pale gray- or red-brown.
BE Z6–9 H9–4 30ft

10m 0 CDt Z5–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0 BE Z3–7 H7–1 30ft
10m 0 BEt Z4–8 H8–1 30ft
10m 0
Thujopsis dolabrata ‘Variegata’ Pinus pinea Cupressus macrocarpa ‘Goldcrest’

Slow-growing, broadly conical, (Stone pine, Umbrella pine) Fast-growing, conical conifer with
bushy conifer. Sturdy, hatchet-shaped Conifer with a rounded crown on a short aromatic, golden-yellow foliage
leaves have irregular, creamy patches trunk. Leaves are dark green, but blue- held in plumelike sprays that are
above and are silvery beneath. green, juvenile foliage is retained useful in flower arrangements.
on young trees. Broadly ovoid Dislikes clipping.
30ft 10m 30ft 10m 30ft 10m
cones ripen shiny brown;
seeds are edible.
104
BE Z5–7 H7–5 30ft
10m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 30ft
10m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 30ft
10m 0
DWARF CONIFERS
Dwarf conifers are valuable plants, especially for the small
garden, requiring little attention and providing year-round
interest. They can be planted as features in their own right,
for their varied shapes, habits, and often striking colors,
or, in the rock garden, to provide scale or act as a foil for
other plants such as bulbs. Several species and cultivars
are spreaders and good for groundcover. Most conifers
are suited to a wide range of growing conditions, although
Cedrus and Juniperus do not tolerate shade, and Juniperus
and Pinus are best for dry, sandy soils. Some species may
be clipped to form a low hedge, but new growth seldom
occurs from wood more than 3 or 4 years old. Dwarf
conifers also make excellent container plants.
Thuja plicata Pinus heldreichii ‘Smidtii’

‘Stoneham Gold’
Abies cephalonica Podocarpus nivalis Picea abies ‘Ohlendorffii’

‘Meyer’s Dwarf’
Picea pungens ‘Globosa’ Juniperus squamata ‘Holger’
Juniperus squamata Taxus baccata Juniperus scopulorum Microbiota decussata

‘Blue Carpet’ ‘Dovastonii Aurea’ t ‘Skyrocket’
Platycladus orientalis Abies concolor ‘Compacta’

‘Aurea Nana’ t
105
Pinus mugo ‘Mops’ Juniperus x pfitzeriana ‘Old Gold’ Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Nana Gracilis’ Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Filifera Aurea’
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SHRUBS
Shrubs are key to any planting design, and provide color
and interest throughout the seasons with their wide variety
of foliage, flowers, fruits, and stems. Create a year-round
display with a selection of beautiful spring- and summer-
flowering shrubs, such as weigelas, buddlejas, and philadelphus,
together with those that sport brightly colored fall fruits, such as
pyracanthas and cotoneasters. You can then include witch hazels
and some species of honeysuckle to brighten bleak winter
months with their fragrant flowers. Whatever the size
or style of your garden, the permanent woody structure of
shrubs will form the framework, so make your selection and
plant them before the perennials. Some shrubs are also
ideal plants for hedges, enclosures, and screens.
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SHRUBS
Star performers, shrubs form the backbone of many garden designs. SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
They can be used together in shrub borders or with other plant groups Large Medium Small
in mixed displays. Providing color and interest with their foliage, over 10ft 5–10ft up to 5ft
(3m) (1.5–3m) (1.5m)
flowers, and fruits, many also offer scented blooms and colorful stems.
What are shrubs? Designing with shrubs

Shrubs are woody-stemmed, deciduous or When creating a shrub display, try to
evergreen plants that branch out at or near combine plants with different shapes,
ground level. Some can grow to more than habits, flower seasons, and foliage forms
20ft (6m) in height, although most attain less and patterns to create a visually balanced
than half this size. Leaves come in many scheme and year-round interest. Knit them
forms, from large and glossy to gray and together in a shrub bed, or use them to
needlelike. There is sometimes an overlap provide a backdrop to more transient
between shrubs and trees because larger displays of bulbs, perennials, and annuals
shrubs, such as flowering dogwoods in a mixed border.
(Cornus species), can be grown on a single The shape and habit of shrubs provides
stem. Subshrubs are another anomaly, a design with structure and form. Contrast
with woody stems at the base, but softer low, spreading, prostrate or mat-forming
top growth that may die back over winter shrubs, such as Juniperus procumbens and
in colder regions, like a perennial. Examples Cotoneaster horizontalis, with more upright
include ceratostigmas and fuchsias. forms, such as Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Miss
Jessopp’s Upright’, and the rounded shapes
Choosing shrubs of bushy shrubs like hebes, skimmias,
When selecting shrubs, focus on those or boxwood topiary. Mix in shrubs with
whose needs match your garden conditions. tiered branch structures, such as Viburnum

In general, shrubs with large, dark green plicatum ‘Mariesii’, which provide strong
leaves require shade; plants with gray horizontal lines in a scheme. Graceful,
foliage, such as lavender, require sun; and arching shrubs, such as Kolkwitzia amabilis,
ABOVE Spring color shrubs with colorful leaves need full sun Buddleja alternifolia, and Genista tenera
The flowering stems of Exochorda x macrantha or partial shade. Also consider the shrub’s ‘Golden Shower’ add an elegant note.
‘The Bride’ arch gracefully above forget-me-nots
(Myosotis sylvatica), daisies (Bellis perennis), and size and site it where it has space to mature, A wide range of shrubs are suitable for
Tulipa ‘Couleur Cardinal’. unless you are planning a topiary display. creating hedges, enclosures, or screens.
RENOVATING A SHRUB
When evergreens such as mahonias have outgrown their allotted space, overall appearance will be much improved. Other shrubs that respond
many can be cut back hard from mid-winter to early spring after flowering. well to this form of renovation include buddlejas, forsythias, kerrias, and
The plant may not flower for two years after such drastic pruning, but its smoke trees (Cotinus). Some, such as rosemary and lavender, do not.
1 Remove tall stems

Remove all dead and diseased
wood, taking it back to healthy growth.
2 Make final pruning cuts
Prune out any remaining
crossing stems. Once you have
3 Cut back
remaining stems
Cut back the young healthy stems
Then prune back tall stems, removing cut back the tall growths, check that are left, so that they are 12–16in
them a little at a time so that they where you can make your final (30–40cm) above the ground. The
do not tear at the base. At this stage, pruning cuts. Cut out the old final cuts should be at an angle so
cut the stems to about 24in (60cm) growths completely to leave rainwater can run off. Later in the year,
high, keeping in mind the plant’s five or six strong young stems. a mass of young shoots will appear
108 New growth after pruning balanced shape as you prune. along these stems (see left).
KEEPING SHRUBS IN SHAPE
Many young plants and shrubs, such as
daphnes, produce long, leggy growths in spring
or early summer after flowering. They do not
require major pruning, but a light trim will
produce a more compact, bushy shrub that
will be covered in flowers the following year.
1 Assess your plant

In early summer, after daphnes have flowered,
young leggy shoots sprout from the main stems.
Before cutting them back, take a look at the shrub
to see where to cut to produce a well-shaped plant.
ABOVE: Contrasting foliage
The golden leaves of Choisya ternata Sundance (‘Lich’)
Year-round interest
provide a glowing contrast with the adjacent rich pink- There is a shrub in flower almost every
red Berberis thunbergii ‘Rose Glow’ and dark purple month of the year. Interest begins in spring

Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’.
with a range of colorful varieties, including
flowering currants (Ribes), ceanothus, and
As well as evergreen staples like boxwood rhododendrons. The display continues
(Buxus), privet (Ligustrum), and shrubby with an abundance of summer-flowering
honeysuckle (Lonicera nitida), which shrubs like fuchsias, hydrangeas, buddlejas,
are commonly used, consider colorful and spiraeas, followed in fall by a range of
deciduous shrubs, like the prickly Berberis colorful berries offered by plants such as
thunbergii and its cultivars, or the pyracanthas, cotoneasters, and Skimmia
evergreen Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’, japonica. Many shrubs retain their fruits
which produces fiery young foliage in into winter, providing birds and wildlife
spring and after clipping.
Certain shrubs are also ideal for topiary,
with a much-needed supply of food.
As temperatures fall, the fragrant flowers 2 Shorten leggy growths
Using a pair of pruners, shorten the leggy
growths by 6–8in (15–20cm). It is important that
their small leaves lending themselves to of witch hazel (Hamamelis), mahonias, and
you always prune immediately above a leaf bud
detailed shaping. Suitable shrubs include winter box (Sarcococca) open, bringing
with an angled, slanting cut, as shown above.
boxwood and shrubby honeysuckle. new interest to the garden. Combine these
Shrubs such as fuchsias, hebes, fatsias, with the vivid stems of coppiced dogwoods
and choisyas are ideal for containers. (Cornus species) and variegated evergreens
Pots also limit the size of larger shrubs. for a dramatic winter scheme.
3 Work around the plant

Circle the plant, shortening each of the whippy
stems, and checking that you are maintaining a
Spring pastels Feast of berries good shape. The cut stems will then produce
Ceanothus flowers appear in late spring, decorating The bright red berries of a female Skimmia japonica, bushier growth and more flowers the following year.
the garden with various shades of blue and white. produced where plants of both sexes are grown 109
These short-lived evergreens enjoy a warm, sunny site. together, persist well into winter.
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LARGE
SPRING
WHITE
Osmanthus delavayi Anopterus glandulosus Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum Osmanthus x burkwoodii

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with Evergreen, bushy shrub or, occasionally, ‘Mariesii’ Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub.
arching branches. Has small, glossy, small tree. Has narrow, glossy, dark Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub with Glossy foliage is dark green and sets
dark green leaves and a profusion of green leaves, amid which clusters of tiered branches clothed in dark green off a profusion of small, very fragrant,
very fragrant, tubular, white flowers cup-shaped, white or pink flowers leaves, which turn reddish-purple in fall. white flowers from mid- to late spring.
from mid- to late spring. appear from mid- to late spring. Large, rounded heads of flowers
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
with white bracts appear in late
spring and early summer.
AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft

6m 0 BEM Z11 H11 20ft
6m 0 ADt Z4–8 H8–1 20ft
6m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0

Pieris japonica Dipelta yunnanensis

Evergreen, rounded, bushy, dense shrub Deciduous, arching shrub with peeling
with glossy, dark green foliage that is bark and glossy leaves. In late spring
bronze when young. Produces drooping produces tubular, creamy-white flowers,
racemes of white flowers during spring. marked orange inside.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
BEMt Z6–8 H8–6 20ft

6m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–1 20ft
6m 0
Amelanchier lamarckii Malus toringo subsp. sargentii Staphylea pinnata (Bladder nut)

Deciduous, spreading shrub. Young Deciduous, spreading shrub or small Deciduous, upright shrub that in late
leaves unfold bronze as abundant sprays tree. A profusion of white flowers in spring carries clusters of white flowers,
of star-shaped, white flowers open from late spring is followed by long-lasting, tinted pink with age, followed by
mid- to late spring. Foliage matures deep red fruits. Oval, dark green bladder-like, green fruits. Foliage
to dark green, then turns brilliant leaves are sometimes lobed. is divided and bright green.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
red and orange in fall.
110
AE Z5–9 H9–5 20ft
6m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 20ft
6m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 20ft
6m 0
PINK RED YELLOW
Dipelta floribunda Photinia serratifolia Berberis valdiviana

Vigorous, deciduous, upright, treelike Evergreen, upright shrub or bushy tree. Evergreen shrub with oval to ovate,
shrub with peeling, pale brown bark. Oblong, often sharply toothed leaves leathery leaves with 3-pronged spines.
Fragrant, pale pink flowers, marked are red when young, maturing to glossy, Pendulous racemes, to 1½in (4cm) long,
yellow inside, open in late spring dark green. Small, 5-petaled flowers of cup-shaped, fragrant, saffron-yellow
and early summer. Has pointed, from mid- to late spring are flowers, in late spring, are
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
mid-green leaves. sometimes followed by followed by egg-shaped,
spherical, red fruits. bloomed, purple fruits.
AD Z6–9 H9–6 20ft

6m 0 BD Z9–10 H10–9 20ft
6m 0 AD Z8–10 H10–8 20ft
6m 0

Enkianthus campanulatus Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’ Corylopsis glabrescens
Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub Evergreen, upright, dense shrub. Deciduous, open shrub. Oval leaves,
with red shoots and tufts of dull green Oblong, glossy, dark green leaves with bristly teeth along margins,
leaves that turn bright red in fall. are brilliant red when young. Bears are dark green above, blue-green
Small, bell-shaped, red-veined, 5-petaled flowers in late spring. beneath. Drooping spikes of fragrant,
creamy-yellow flowers appear Has good resistance to damage bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
in late spring. by late frosts. appear in mid-spring
on bare branches.
AEM Z5–8 H8–4 20ft

6m 0 BD Z8–9 H9–8 20ft
6m 0 BEM Z6–9 H9–6 20ft
6m 0
Viburnum x carlcephalum Staphylea holocarpa ‘Rosea’ Daphniphyllum macropodum Berberis darwinii (Darwin’s barberry)
Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub. Deciduous, upright shrub or spreading, Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub.
In late spring large, rounded heads small tree. From mid- to late spring with sturdy shoots and dark green Has small, glossy, dark green leaves and
of pink buds open to fragrant, white bears pink flowers, followed by leaves. Small flowers, green on a profusion of rounded, deep orange-
flowers. These are borne amid dark bladder-like, pale green fruits. female plants, purplish on male yellow flowers from mid- to late spring,
green foliage that often turns Bronze, young leaves mature plants, appear in late spring. followed by bluish berries.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
red in fall. to blue-green.
111
ADt Z6–8 H8–5 20ft
6m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 20ft
6m 0 AE Z7–11 H11–7 20ft
6m 0 AEt Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0
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LARGE
SUMMER
WHITE
Olearia virgata Viburnum rhytidophyllum

Evergreen, arching, graceful shrub with Vigorous, evergreen, open shrub with
very narrow, dark gray-green leaves. long, narrow, deep green leaves. Dense
Produces an abundance of small, heads of small, creamy-white flowers
star-shaped, white flower heads in in late spring and early summer are
early summer, arranged in small succeeded by red fruits that
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
clusters along stems. mature to black.
AD Z7–11 H11–7 20ft

6m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 20ft
6m 0

Salix exigua (Coyote Willow) Styrax officinalis Xanthoceras sorbifolium

Deciduous, upright shrub with slender, Deciduous, loose to dense shrub or Deciduous, upright shrub or small tree
green-gray branches and linear, finely small tree. Fragrant, bell-shaped, white with bright green leaves divided into
toothed, silky, silvery-white leaves, flowers appear in early summer among many slender leaflets. In late spring and
which move in the breeze. Small, oval, dark green leaves with grayish- early summer produces spikes of white
pale lemon catkins are produced white undersides. flowers with red patches inside
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
in spring, at the same time as at the base of the petals.
the leaves emerge from bud.
AE Z4–6 H6–1 20ft

6m 0 AEM Z14–15 H12–10 20ft
6m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 20ft
6m 0
Ligustrum sinense Escallonia leucantha Escallonia ‘Iveyi’ Chionanthus virginicus (Fringe tree)
Deciduous or semievergreen, bushy, Evergreen, upright shrub. Narrow, oval, Evergreen, upright shrub. Glossy, dark Deciduous, bushy shrub or small tree.
upright shrub with oval, pale green glossy, dark green leaves set off large green foliage sets off large racemes Has large, glossy, dark green leaves
leaves. Large panicles of fragrant, racemes of small, shallowly cup-shaped, of fragrant, tubular, pure white flowers, that turn yellow in fall. Drooping sprays
tubular, white flowers are borne white flowers in mid-summer. with short lobes, borne from mid- to of fragrant, white flowers appear in
in mid-summer, followed by late summer. early summer.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
small, purplish-black fruits.
112
ADt Z7–9 H9–6 20ft
6m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 20ft
6m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 20ft
6m 0 AE Z4–9 H9–1 20ft
6m 0
Elaeagnus umbellata Syringa vulgaris Abelia x grandiflora Crinodendron patagua

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub ‘Madame Florent Stepman’ Vigorous, semievergreen, arching Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub with
with oblong, wavy-edged, bright green Deciduous, upright then spreading shrub. Has glossy, dark green foliage slightly hairy, reddish young shoots and
leaves, which are silvery when young. shrub with large panicles of fragrant, and an abundance of fragrant, oval to ovate, coarsely toothed, leathery,
Has fragrant, bell-shaped, creamy- tubular, single, white flowers pink-tinged, white flowers from dark green leaves. Bell-shaped, frilly-
yellow flowers in late spring borne profusely in late spring. mid-summer to mid fall. edged, white flowers in late
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
and early summer, followed Has heart-shaped, dark summer are followed by
by egg-shaped, red fruits. green leaves. angular, red seed pods.
AD Z4–8 H8–1 20ft

6m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 20ft
6m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 20ft
6m 0 BEM Z9–10 H10–9 20ft
6m 0

Abutilon vitifolium var. album Aesculus parviflora
Fast-growing, deciduous, upright shrub. (Bottlebrush buckeye)
Large, bowl-shaped, white blooms, Deciduous, open shrub. Leaves
pink-tinged when young, are freely are bronze when young, dark
borne in late spring and early summer green in summer and yellow
amid deeply lobed, sharply in fall. Panicles of red-centered,
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
toothed, gray-green leaves. white flowers appear from
mid- to late summer.
AD Z8–9 H9–8 20ft

6m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–4 20ft
6m 0
Abelia triflora Holodiscus discolor Clethra delavayi

Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub Fast-growing, deciduous, arching shrub. Deciduous, open shrub with lance-
with pointed, deep green leaves. Small, Has lobed, toothed, dark green leaves shaped, toothed, rich green leaves.
extremely fragrant, white flowers, tinged and large, pendent sprays of small, Dense, spreading clusters of pink
pale pink, appear in mid-summer. creamy-white flowers in mid-summer. buds opening to scented, white
flowers appear in mid-summer.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
113
AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–5 20ft
6m 0 BEM Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0
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LARGE
SUMMER
BUDDLEJAS PINK
Buddleja is genus of approximately 100 species of highly
ornamental evergreen and deciduous shrubs and small
trees, originating predominantly in Asia, Africa, and the
Americas. Buddlejas are often included in wildlife gardens
as they encourage increased insect activity, which has
earned one species the common name of butterfly bush,
although they all also attract bees and hoverflies. They
produce small, highly-scented, tubular flowers borne in
either plume-shaped or globular clusters. Easy to grow,
they thrive in almost any soil, and perform best in a warm,
sunny position. They are particularly suitable for growing
against a south-facing wall.
B. davidii ‘White Profusion’ B. x weyeriana ‘Moonlight’ B. colvilei ‘Kewensis’
B. davidii ‘Pink Delight’ B. salviifolia
Abutilon vitifolium ‘Veronica Tennant’

Fast-growing, generally deciduous
but sometimes semievergreen, upright
shrub or small tree. Has rounded,
toothed, gray-green leaves.
In spring and early summer,
20ft 6m
large, saucer-shaped, purple-blue
flowers are borne in profusion.
AD Z8–9 H9–8 20ft

6m 0
B. alternifolia
B. davidii ‘Black Knight’
B. ‘Lochinch’
Kolkwitzia amabilis ‘Pink Cloud’ Tamarix ramosissima

Deciduous, arching shrub that bears Deciduous, arching, graceful shrub
a mass of bell-shaped, pink flowers or small tree with tiny, narrow,
amid small, oval, mid-green leaves blue-green leaves. In late summer
in late spring and early summer. and early fall bears large, upright
plumes of small, pink flowers.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
114
AD Z5–9 H9–5 20ft
6m 0 AD Z3–8 H8–1 20ft
6m 0
B. davidii ‘Dartmoor’ B. x weyeriana ‘Sungold’
PURPLE
Cotinus coggygria ‘Notcutt’s Variety’ Acer palmatum var. Corylus maxima ‘Purpurea’ Prunus spinosa ‘Purpurea’
Deciduous, bushy shrub with deep heptalobum ‘Rubrum’ Vigorous, deciduous, open shrub Deciduous, dense, spiny shrub
reddish-purple foliage. Long-lasting, Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or small or small tree with deep purple or small tree. Bright red, young
purplish-pink plumes of massed, small tree. Large leaves are red when young, leaves and purplish catkins, with leaves become deep reddish-purple.
flowers are produced in late summer. bronze in summer and brilliant red, yellow anthers, that hang from Bears saucer-shaped, pale pink
orange or yellow in fall. Has bare branches in late winter. flowers from early to mid-spring,
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
small, reddish-purple Edible nuts mature in fall. followed by blue-bloomed,
flowers in mid-spring. black fruits.
AD Z5–9 H9–3 20ft

6m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–2 20ft
6m 0 AD Z4–9 H9–1 20ft
6m 0 ADZ5–8 H8–5 20ft
6m 0
LILACS
The heady scent of the lilac (Syringa)
epitomizes early summer. Apart from
the classic lilacs and mauves, colors
include white, pink, cream, and rich
red-purple; double forms are also
available. Most lilacs grown in gardens
are vigorous shrubs derived from S. pubescens subsp. patula
S. vulgaris. They may eventually become ‘Miss Kim’
treelike and are best planted at the back
of a shrub border. Spent flower heads
should be removed, with care taken not
to damage the new shoots. Otherwise,
little pruning is required, though older
plants may be rejuvenated by hard
pruning in winter.
S. pubescens subsp. S. x persica S. vulgaris S. vulgaris ‘Andenken an

microphylla ‘Superba’ ‘Katherine Havemeyer’ Ludwig Späth’
S. vulgaris ‘Madame Lemoine’ S. meyeri ‘Palibin’
115
S. x persica ‘Alba’ S. komarowii subsp. reflexa S. vulgaris ‘Firmament’
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LARGE
SUMMER
YELLOW
Genista tenera ‘Golden Shower’ Buddleja globosa Caesalpinia gilliesii

Vigorous, deciduous, arching shrub Deciduous or semievergreen, open Deciduous, open shrub or small tree.
with narrowly oblong, gray-green shrub with dark green foliage. Dense, Has finely divided, dark green leaves
leaves. Racemes of fragrant, pealike, rounded clusters of orange-yellow and bears short racemes of yellow
golden-yellow flowers are produced flowers are carried in early summer. flowers with long, red stamens from
in early to mid-summer. mid- to late summer.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
ADZ6–9 H9–6 20ft

6m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 AD H11–1 20ft
6m 0

Elaeagnus angustifolia Cotinus coggygria GOLDEN SPIRIT

(Russian olive) (‘Ancot’) (Golden smokebush)
Deciduous, bushy shrub or spreading, Deciduous, bushy shrub grown for
small tree. Has narrow, silvery-gray leaves its rounded, golden-yellow leaves,
and small, fragrant, creamy-yellow which turn orange in fall. In summer,
flowers, with spreading lobes, tiny, fluffy, plumelike, gray flower
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
in early summer, followed by clusters, on fine stalks, are
small, oval, yellow fruits. borne above the leaves.
AD Z2–8 H8–1 20ft

6m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–3 20ft
6m 0
Genista cinerea Cytisus battandieri Paliurus spina-christi

Deciduous, arching shrub that produces (Moroccan broom, Pineapple broom) (Christ’s thorn, Jerusalem thorn)
an abundance of fragrant, pealike, Semievergreen, open shrub. Leaves have Deciduous, bushy shrub with slender,
yellow blooms from early to mid- 3 silver-gray leaflets. Pineapple-scented, thorny shoots. Has oval, glossy, bright
summer. Has silky, young shoots yellow flowers appear in summer. green leaves, tiny, yellow flowers
and narrow, gray-green leaves. in summer and curious, woody,
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
winged fruits in fall.
116
AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0
FALL
RED
Cotoneaster ‘Cornubia’ Euonymus myrianthus

Vigorous, semievergreen, arching Evergreen, bushy shrub with pointed,
shrub. Clusters of white flowers, leathery, mid-green leaves. Dense
produced in early summer amid dark clusters of small, greenish-yellow
green foliage, are followed by large, flowers in summer are followed
pendent clusters of decorative, by yellow fruits that open
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
bright red fruits. to show orange-red seeds.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 20ft

6m 0 AEt Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0

Rhus typhina ‘Dissecta’ Acer palmatum var. heptalobum
Deciduous, spreading, open shrub or Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or small
small tree with velvety shoots. Fernlike, tree with large, lobed, mid-green leaves
dark green leaves turn brilliant that turn brilliant red, orange or yellow
orange-red in fall, when deep red in fall. Bears small, reddish-purple
fruit clusters are also borne. flowers in mid-spring.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
AD Z3–8 H8–1 20ft

6m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–2 20ft
6m 0
Cotinus ‘Flame’ Euonymus oxyphyllus Fothergilla major Cotoneaster lacteus

Deciduous, bushy, treelike shrub Deciduous, upright shrub or tree Deciduous, upright shrub with Evergreen, arching shrub suitable for
with dark green leaves that turn with oval, dull green leaves turning glossy, dark green leaves, slightly hedging. Oval, dark green leaves set off
brilliant orange-red in fall. From to purplish-red in fall. Produces tiny, bluish-white beneath, that turn shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers
late summer, showy, plumelike, greenish-white flowers in late spring, red, orange and yellow in fall. Tufts from early to mid-summer. Long-lasting,
purplish-pink flower heads then globose, 4- or 5-lobed, of fragrant, white flowers appear red fruits are carried in large
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
appear above the foliage. deep red fruits with orange- in late spring. clusters in fall–winter.
scarlet seeds.
117
AD Z5–8 H8–5 20ft
6m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 20ft
6m 0 BEM Z5–8 H8–5 20ft
6m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–4 20ft
6m 0
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LARGE
WINTER
WITCH HAZELS YELLOW

Species of Hamamelis put on a beautiful show of
fragrant flowers during the darkest, coldest months,
securing their place in any winter planting scheme.
The spiderlike blooms, ranging in color from deep
red to sulfur yellow, appear on bare branches from
late fall to early spring, the narrow, crepe-paper-like
petals withstanding several degrees of frost and snow
without damage. Witch hazels prefer moist but
well-drained, fertile, acidic to neutral soil in full sun
or partial shade. A spring dressing of lime-free potting
mix or well-rotted leaf mold benefits young plants.
Pyracantha atalantioides ‘Aurea’ Corylus avellana ‘Contorta’

Vigorous, evergreen, upright, spiny (Harry Lauder's walking stick)
shrub, arching with age. Has narrowly Deciduous, bushy shrub with
oval, glossy, dark green leaves and white curiously twisted shoots and broad,
flowers in early summer, followed sharply toothed, mid-green leaves.
by large clusters of small, yellow In late winter, bare branches
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
berries in early fall. are covered with pendent,
pale yellow catkins.
ADt Z6–9 H9–6 20ft

6m 0 AD Z3–9 H9–1 20ft
6m 0
H. x intermedia H. x intermedia
‘Barmstedt Gold’ ‘Arnold Promise’
Mahonia x media ‘Charity’ Hamamelis japonica ‘Sulphurea’
Evergreen, upright, dense shrub with Deciduous, upright, open shrub.
large leaves composed of many spiny, In mid-winter, fragrant, spidery, pale
dark green leaflets. Slender, upright, yellow flowers with 4 narrow, crimped
later spreading spikes of fragrant, petals are borne on leafless branches.
yellow flowers are borne from Broadly oval, dark green leaves
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
early fall to early spring. turn yellow in fall.
BE Z8–9 H9–8 20ft

6m 0 ADM Z5–9 H9–5 20ft
6m 0
H. x intermedia ‘Pallida’
H. x intermedia ‘Jelena’
Mahonia x media ‘Buckland’ Azara microphylla

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub. Elegant, evergreen shrub or small
Has large leaves with many spiny, tree. Has tiny, glossy, dark green
dark green leaflets. Clustered, leaves and small clusters of vanilla-
upright then spreading, long, scented, deep yellow flowers in
branched spikes of fragrant, late winter and early spring.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
yellow flowers appear from
late fall to early spring.
118
BE Z8–9 H9–8 20ft
6m 0 AD Z8–10 H11–10 20ft
6m 0
H. x intermedia ‘Primavera’ H. x intermedia ‘Aphrodite’ H. x intermedia ‘Robert’
ALL YEAR
WHITE GREEN
Prunus lusitanica ‘Variegata’ Ligustrum ovalifolium (Privet)

Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
shrub with reddish-purple shoots. upright, dense shrub with glossy,
Has oval, glossy, dark green, white- mid-green leaves. Dense racemes
edged leaves. Fragrant, shallowly of small, rather unpleasantly
cup-shaped, creamy-white scented, tubular, white flowers
20ft 6m 20ft 6m
flowers in summer are appear in mid-summer,
followed by purple fruits. followed by black fruits.
ADt Z7–9 H9–4 20ft

6m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 20ft
6m 0

Azara microphylla ‘Variegata’ Griselinia littoralis ‘Variegata’ Pittosporum dallii
Slow-growing, evergreen, compact Evergreen, upright shrub of dense, Evergreen, rounded, dense tree or
shrub. Small, rounded, glossy, dark bushy habit. Leathery leaves are shrub. Has purplish stems and sharply
green leaves have margins of creamy- gray-green, marked with bright toothed, deep green leaves. Clusters
gold. In early spring bears rounded green and creamy-white. Bears of small, fragrant, shallowly cup-
clusters of tiny, chocolate-scented, inconspicuous, yellow-green shaped, white flowers are borne
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
yellow-green flowers on the flowers in late spring. in summer.
underside of the branches.
AD Z8–10 H11–10 20ft

6m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–1 20ft
6m 0
Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’ Osmanthus heterophyllus Pittosporum ‘Garnettii’ Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica
Evergreen, bushy, slightly spiny shrub. ‘Aureomarginatus’ Evergreen, columnar or conical Evergreen, bushy shrub with reddish-
Glossy, dark green leaves are marked Evergreen, upright shrub. Sharply shrub of dense, bushy habit. Rounded, purple shoots and bright green leaves,
with a central, deep yellow patch. toothed, holly-like, glossy, bright gray-green leaves, irregularly edged red when young. Bears spikes of small,
Very fragrant, urn-shaped, creamy- green leaves have yellow margins. creamy-white, become tinged with fragrant, white flowers in summer,
white flowers open from mid- to Small, fragrant, white flowers deep pink in cold areas. May bear followed by purple fruits.
20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m 20ft 6m
late fall. are produced in fall. small, greenish-purple flowers in
spring–summer.
119
AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 20ft
6m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 20ft
6m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–4 20ft
6m 0
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LARGE
MEDIUM
ALL YEAR SPRING
GREEN WHITE
CAMELLIAS
These evergreen shrubs and small
trees have long been valued for
their luxuriant, rich green foliage
and masses of showy flowers, in
shades of white, pink, red, and C. ‘Cornish Snow’ [single]
yellow, borne mainly in winter and
spring. Once thought suitable only
for greenhouses, many camellias
are hardy to Zone 6 if grown in
sheltered positions, although blooms
may suffer frost and rain damage.
Ideal for shady gardens, they grow
well against walls. Camellias require
Pieris floribunda acidic soil but also make good
(Japanese pieris, fetterbush) container plants. The main flower C. japonica ‘Alba Plena’
Evergreen, bushy, dense, leafy shrub forms are illustrated below. [formal double]
with oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
Greenish-white flower buds
appear in winter, opening to
10ft 3m
urn-shaped, white blooms Single—shallowly
from early to midspring. cup-shaped flowers
each have not more
3m 0
than 8 petals, arranged
in a single row, and a
conspicuous, central
boss of stamens.
Semidouble—cup-
shaped flowers each

have 2 or more rows

of 9–21 regular or
irregular petals, and
conspicuous stamens.
Anemone—rounded
C. japonica ‘Hagoromo’
Tetrapanax papyrifer Enkianthus perulatus flowers each have one
[semidouble]
(Rice-paper plant) Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. or more rows of large,
Evergreen, upright, suckering Dark green leaves turn bright red outer petals lying flat or
undulating; the domed
shrub. Long-stalked, circular leaves in fall. A profusion of small, pendent,
centre has a mass of
are deeply lobed. Has bold sprays urn-shaped, white flowers is borne intermingled petaloids
of small, creamy-white flowers in midspring. and stamens.
20ft 6m 10ft 3m
in summer and black berries in
fall–winter.
AE Z6–11 H12–6 20ft

6m 0 BEM Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0
Peony-form—
rounded, domed
flowers have usually C. japonica ‘Janet Waterhouse’
irregular petals [semidouble]
intermingled with
petaloids and stamens.
Rose-form—cup-
shaped flowers each
have several rows
of overlapping petals
and open to reveal
stamens in the centre.
Pittosporum tenuifolium Pieris japonica ‘Scarlett O’Hara’

Evergreen, columnar, later rounded Evergreen, rounded, bushy, dense
shrub or small tree with purple shrub. Young foliage and shoots Formal double—
shoots and wavy-edged, oval, are bronze-red, leaves becoming rounded flowers have
glossy, mid-green leaves. Bears glossy, dark green. Produces sprays rows of regular, neatly
honey-scented, purple flowers of white flowers in spring. overlapping petals
20ft 6m 10ft 3m that obscure stamens.
in late spring.
Irregular double
forms are similar but
120 often have more loosely
AD Z9–11 H11–9 20ft
6m 0 BEMt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 arranged, sometimes
irregular, petals. C. japonica ‘Nobilissima’ [peony]
C. x williamsii ‘Donation’ C. ‘Freedom Bell’ [semidouble]

[semidouble]
C. japonica ‘Lavinia Maggi’ C. x williamsii ‘Debbie’ [peony]

[formal double]
C. ‘Spring Festival’ [double] C. japonica ‘Margaret Davis’ C. ‘Inspiration’ [semidouble]

[irregular double]
C. x williamsii ‘Water Lily’ C. japonica ‘Adolphe Audusson’

[formal double] [semidouble]
C. x williamsii ‘J.C. Williams’ C. reticulata ‘Captain Rawes’ C. ‘Leonard Messel’ C. japonica ‘Bob’s Tinsie’ C. x williamsii ‘Jury’s Yellow’
[single] [semidouble] [semidouble] [anemone] [anemone]
121
C. japonica ‘Tricolor’ [semidouble] C. ‘Black Lace’ [formal double] C. japonica ‘Brushfield’s Yellow’ [anemone]
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MEDIUM
SPRING
WHITE PINK
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Moerloosei’ Cotoneaster divaricatus

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub. Has Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub.
glossy, dark green leaves and pink- Leaves are glossy, dark green, turning
flushed, white flowers in early spring, red in fall. Shallowly cup-shaped, pink-
followed by greenish-yellow fruits. flushed, white flowers in late spring
and early summer are followed
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
by deep red fruits.
AD Z5–9 H9–1 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z5–7 H7–5 10ft
3m 0

Choisya ‘Aztec Pearl’ Rhododendron ‘Percy Wiseman’

Evergreen, compact shrub with aromatic, Evergreen rhododendron with a domed,
glossy, dark green leaves composed of compact habit. In late spring produces
3–5 linear leaflets. Clusters of scented, open funnel-shaped, peach-yellow
white flowers, pink-flushed in bud, flowers that fade to white.
are produced in profusion in
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
spring and then quite often
again in early fall.
AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft

3m 0 BDMt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0
Choisya ternata (Mexican orange) Myrtus communis (Common myrtle) Viburnum bitchiuense Camellia x williamsii
Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with Evergreen, bushy shrub with aromatic, Deciduous, bushy shrub with oval, ‘E.G. Waterhouse’
aromatic, glossy, bright green leaves glossy, dark green foliage. Fragrant, dark green leaves. Rounded heads Evergreen, upright shrub with lance-
composed of 3 leaflets. Clusters of white flowers are borne from mid-spring of fragrant, tubular, pale pink flowers, shaped, pale green leaves. Formal
fragrant, white blooms open in late to early summer, followed by borne from mid- to late spring, double, pink flowers are freely
spring and often again in fall. purple-black berries. are followed by egg-shaped, produced in spring.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
flattened, black fruits.
122
AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft
3m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 10ft
3m 0 ADtZ5–7 H7–5 10ft
3m 0 BDMt Z7–8 H8–7 10ft
3m 0
RED
Ribes sanguineum ‘Pulborough

Scarlet’ (Flowering currant)
Deciduous, upright shrub that in spring
bears pendent, tubular, deep red flowers
amid aromatic, dark green leaves,
with 3–5 lobes, sometimes
10ft 3m
followed by black fruits
with a white bloom.
AD Z6–8 H8–6 10ft

3m 0

Prunus mume ‘Beni-chidori’ Telopea truncata (Tasmanian waratah) Acer palmatum ‘Shindeshojo’
Deciduous, spreading shrub with Evergreen, upright shrub, bushy with Slow-growing, deciduous, rather
fragrant, single, carmine flowers in age. Has deep green leaves and dense, twiggy shrub grown for its pink-red leaf
early spring before pointed, dark rounded heads of small, tubular, crimson coloring in spring. Palmate, deeply lobed
green leaves appear. flowers in late spring and summer. leaves then turn bluish-green. Much
used for bonsai. Hard frosts
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
can scorch new growth.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft

3m 0 BDM Z13–15 H12–10 10ft
3m 0 BD Z6–8 H8–2 10ft
3m 0
Acer palmatum ‘Corallinum’ Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens Leptospermum scoparium Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea
Very slow-growing, deciduous, Deciduous, bushy shrub with dense ‘Red Damask’ Deciduous, arching, dense shrub.
bushy-headed shrub or small tree. clusters of dull green leaves that turn Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub. Reddish-purple foliage turns
Lobed, bright reddish-pink, young deep reddish-purple in fall. Small, Narrow, aromatic, dark green bright red in fall. Globose to
foliage becomes mid-green, then bell-shaped, deep red flowers leaves set off sprays of double, cup-shaped, red-tinged, pale
brilliant red, orange or yellow appear in late spring. dark red flowers in late spring yellow flowers in mid-spring
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
in fall. Reddish-purple flowers and summer. are followed by red fruits.
appear in mid-spring.
123
AD Z6–8 H8–2 10ft
3m 0 BEM Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 AD H11–3 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0
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RHODODENDRONS
Rhododendrons and azaleas both belong to the huge
genus Rhododendron, one of the largest in the plant
kingdom. Azalea is the common name used for all the
deciduous species and hybrids, and many of the dwarf,
small-leaved evergreens. In stature the genus ranges from
small alpine shrubs only a few inches high to tall, spreading
trees, in the wild reaching 80ft (24m). Rhododendrons
require well-drained, acidic soil rich in organic matter.
Most prefer cool woodland conditions, although many
dwarf forms thrive in more open sites. Many grow well in
containers, in which it is often easier to provide suitable
growing conditions. Once established, they require little
attention apart from an annual mulch and occasional
fertilizer, and provide a colorful display for years.
R. pachysanthum R. ‘Gomer Waterer’

[rhododendron] [rhododendron]
R. decorum [rhododendron] R. rex subsp. fictolacteum t

[rhododendron]
R. ‘Polar Bear’ t R. yakushimanum t R. orbiculare t

[rhododendron] [rhododendron] [rhododendron]
R. ‘Loderi King George’ t R. quinquefolium [azalea]

[rhododendron]
R. ‘Fragrantissimum’ t R. sinogrande t R. calophytum t [rhododendron]

124
R. falconeri t [rhododendron] R. williamsianum t [rhododendron] R. ‘Golden Torch’ [rhododendron]
R. fulvum [rhododendron] R. ‘Purple Splendour’ [rhododendron] R. ‘Fastuosum Flore Pleno’ R. augustinii t

R. ‘Mother’s Day’ [azalea] R. ‘Goldkrone’ t [rhododendron]
R. ‘Blaauw’s Pink’ [azalea] R. ‘Hotei’ [rhododendron]
R. ‘Pink Pearl’ t R. ‘Seta’ t R. ‘Grace Seabrook’ [rhododendron] R. ‘Patty Bee’ [rhododendron] R. ‘Daviesii’ [azalea]
R. praecox [rhododendron] R. ‘Curlew’ t R. luteum t

[rhododendron] [azalea]
R. niveum [rhododendron] R. cinnabarinum t

[rhododendron]
125
R. arboreum t [rhododendron] R. ‘Blue Danube’ [azalea] R. ‘Gibraltar’ [azalea]
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MEDIUM
SPRING
CORNUS YELLOW
Shrubby members of the genus Cornus are justifiably
popular among gardeners and landscape designers,
admired for their highly ornamental brightly colored
winter stems, ranging from lime green and yellow to
orange and crimson, as well as their spring flowers,
and, in some cultivars, variegated foliage. Extremely
hardy, dogwoods tolerate extreme cold and exposure.
They also grow well on most soils, and require little
maintenance—simply cut back the stems to just above
the ground every two years in late winter. This promotes
young growth, which has the most vibrant color.
Corylopsis pauciflora Rhododendron ‘Yellow Hammer’

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. Evergreen, erect, bushy rhododendron.
Oval, bright green leaves, bronze Bears abundant clusters of tubular,
when young, have bristly teeth. bright yellow flowers in spring;
Bears fragrant, tubular to bell-shaped, frequently flowers again in fall.
pale yellow flowers from early
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
to mid-spring.
BEM Z6–9 H9–6 10ft

3m 0 BDMZ5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0
C. alba ‘Elegantissima’ t C. alba ‘Spaethii’ t
C. sericea ‘Kelseyi’ C. alba ‘Aurea’ C. sericea ‘Flaviramea’
C. alba ‘Kesselringii’ t
C. sanguinea ‘Winter Beauty’
Edgeworthia chrysantha
Deciduous, rounded, open
shrub with oval, dark green leaves.
Very supple shoots produce terminal,
rounded heads of fragrant, tubular,
yellow flowers in late winter
10ft 3m
and early spring.
126
AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft
3m 0
C. sericea ‘White Gold’ C. sanguinea ‘Midwinter Fire’
SUMMER
ORANGE WHITE
Berberis gagnepainii var. lanceifolia Forsythia x intermedia Berberis linearifolia ‘Orange King’

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. ‘Beatrix Farrand’ Evergreen, upright, stiff-branched
Massed, globose to cup-shaped, Vigorous, deciduous, bushy, arching shrub with narrow, rigid, dark
yellow flowers appear among shrub with sturdy shoots. A profusion green leaves. Bears large, globose
long, narrow, pointed, dark green of large, deep yellow flowers to cup-shaped, deep orange
leaves in late spring. Forms appears from early to mid-spring flowers in late spring.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
blue-bloomed, black berries. before oval, coarsely toothed,
mid-green leaves emerge.
ADt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft

3m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0

Forsythia x intermedia ‘Spectabilis’ Kerria japonica ‘Pleniflora’ Berberis x lologensis ‘Stapehill’ Philadelphus ‘Beauclerk’
Vigorous, deciduous, spreading Vigorous, deciduous, graceful shrub. Vigorous, evergreen, arching Deciduous, slightly arching shrub.
shrub with sturdy growth. A profusion Double, golden-yellow flowers are shrub. Glossy, dark green foliage Large, fragrant flowers, white with
of large, deep yellow flowers is borne along green shoots from sets off profuse racemes of globose a small, central, pale purple blotch,
borne from early to mid-spring mid- to late spring. Leaves are to cup-shaped, orange flowers are produced from early to mid-
before sharply toothed, narrowly oval, sharply toothed from mid- to late spring. summer. Leaves are dark green.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
dark green leaves appear. and bright green.
AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft

3m 0 AD Z4–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–1 10ft
3m 0
Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) Berberis x stenophylla Euphorbia mellifera (Honey spurge) Deutzia scabra
Deciduous, bushy shrub with Evergreen, arching shrub with Evergreen, rounded shrub grown Deciduous, upright shrub with
aromatic, bright green leaves that slender shoots and narrow, spine- mainly for its long, narrowly oblong, narrowly oval, dark green leaves
turn yellow in fall. Tiny, greenish- tipped, deep green leaves, blue-gray rich green leaves with cream midribs. that, from early to mid-summer,
yellow flowers in mid-spring beneath. Massed, golden-yellow Small, honey-scented, brown flowers, set off dense, upright clusters
are followed by red berries flowers appear from mid- to surrounded by showy bracts, of 5-petaled, white blooms.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
on female plants. late spring followed by are produced in dome-shaped
small, blue-black fruits. clusters in late spring.
127
BEM Z4–9 H8–1 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z9–10 H10–9 10ft
3m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
WHITE
Philadelphus ‘Belle Etoile’ Pyracantha x watereri

Deciduous, arching shrub. Very fragrant, Evergreen, upright, dense, spiny
white flowers, each with a pale purple shrub with glossy, dark green foliage.
mark at the base, are borne profusely Shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers
among mid-green foliage in late spring in early summer are succeeded by
and early summer. bright red berries in fall.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
AD Z5–8 H8–5 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0

Aronia melanocarpa Spiraea canescens Olearia nummulariifolia

(Black chokeberry) Deciduous shrub with upright shoots Evergreen, rounded shrub with stiff,
Deciduous, bushy shrub. White flowers arching at the top. Small heads of white upright shoots densely covered with
appear in late spring and early summer, flowers are borne in profusion amid small, very thick, mid- to dark green
followed by black fruits. Has glossy, dark narrowly oval, gray-green leaves from leaves. Small, fragrant, white flowers
green leaves that turn red in fall. early to mid-summer. appear in mid-summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
AD Z3–8 H8–1 10ft

3m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 AD Z7–10 H10–7 10ft
3m 0
Rubus ‘Benenden’ Fallugia paradoxa (Apache plume) Sorbaria sorbifolia Philadelphus ‘Boule d’Argent’
Deciduous, arching, thornless shrub Deciduous, bushy shrub that bears Deciduous, upright shrub that forms Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub with
with peeling bark. Large, roselike, white flowers in mid-summer, followed thickets by suckering. Mid-green leaves dark green foliage that sets off clusters
pure white flowers are borne among by silky, pink- and red-tinged, green consist of many sharply toothed leaflets. of slightly fragrant, semidouble to
lobed, deep green leaves in late fruits. Dark green leaves are finely Large panicles of small, white flowers double, pure white flowers from
spring and early summer. cut and feathery. appear in summer. early to mid-summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
128
AD Z5–9 H9–5 10ft
3m 0 ADZ6–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0 AE Z2–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0
Eucryphia milliganii Clethra barbinervis Ceanothus incanus

Evergreen, upright, narrow shrub. Has Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling Evergreen, bushy shrub. Has spreading,
tiny, dark green leaves, bluish-white bark. Has oval, toothed, dark green spiny shoots, broad, gray-green leaves
beneath, and small, white flowers, leaves that turn red and yellow in fall. and large racemes of white flowers in
borne in mid-summer. Racemes of fragrant, white flowers late spring and early summer.
are borne in late summer and
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
early fall.
BEMZ8–9 H9–8 10ft

3m 0 BEM Z5–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 10ft
3m 0

Philadelphus ‘Lemoinei’ Prinsepia uniflora
(Mock orange) Deciduous, arching, spiny shrub. From
Deciduous, upright, slightly arching late spring to summer bears small,
shrub that produces profuse racemes of fragrant, white flowers amid narrow,
small, extremely fragrant, white flowers glossy, dark green leaves followed
from early to mid-summer. by cherry-like, deep red fruits.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
Grows best in hot sun.
AD Z5–8 H8–3 10ft

3m 0 AD Z3–6 H6–1 10ft
3m 0
Osteomeles schweriniae Styrax wilsonii Philadelphus ‘Dame Blanche’

Evergreen, arching shrub with long, Deciduous, bushy shrub with slender Deciduous, bushy, compact shrub with
slender shoots. Leaves, consisting of shoots that produce an abundance dark, peeling bark. Dark green foliage
many small leaflets, are dark green. of yellow-centered, white flowers sets off slightly fragrant, semidouble
Clusters of small, white flowers in early summer. Leaves are small to loosely double, pure white flowers
in early summer are followed by and deep green. borne in profusion from early
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
red, later blue-black, fruits. to mid-summer.
129
AD Z7–11 H11–7 10ft
3m 0 AEM Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
WHITE
Escallonia virgata Colletia hystrix Olearia x haastii (Daisy bush)

Deciduous, spreading, graceful shrub Almost leafless, arching, sturdy- Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub, good
with arching shoots and small, glossy, branched shrub armed with rigid, gray- for hedging. Has small, oval, glossy, dark
dark green leaves. Bears racemes of green spines. Pink flower buds open in green leaves and is covered with heads
small, open cup-shaped, white flowers late summer to fragrant, tubular, white of fragrant, daisylike, white flowers
from early to mid-summer. blooms that last into fall. from mid- to late summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
AD Z8–9 H9–8 10ft

3m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 10ft
3m 0 AD Z9–10 H10–9 10ft
3m 0

Viburnum dilatatum ‘Catskill’

Deciduous, low, spreading shrub
with sharply toothed, dark green
leaves that turn yellow, orange and
red in fall. Flat heads of creamy-
white flowers in late spring and
10ft 3m
early summer are followed
by bright red fruits.
ADt Z5–8 H8–5 10ft

3m 0
Olearia ilicifolia (Mountain holly) Leptospermum scoparium Zenobia pulverulenta

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with ‘Snow White’ (New Zealand tea-tree) Deciduous or semievergreen, slightly
narrowly oblong, rigid, sharply Evergreen, bushy shrub with small, oval, arching shrub, often with bluish-white
toothed, musk-scented, gray- sharply pointed, dark green leaves, bloomed shoots. Glossy leaves have
green leaves. Fragrant, white which are fragrant when bruised. a bluish-white reverse when young.
flower heads are borne in Produces masses of small, Bears fragrant, bell-shaped,
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
clusters in early summer. 5-petaled, white flowers from the white flowers from early to
leaf axils in late spring. mid-summer.
130
AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft
3m 0 AD H11–3 10ft
3m 0 BEM Z5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0
Philadelphus coronarius ‘Variegatus’

Deciduous, bushy shrub with racemes
of very fragrant, creamy-white flowers
in late spring and early summer and
mid-green leaves broadly edged
with white.
10ft 3m
AD Z4–9 H9–4 10ft

3m 0

Colletia paradoxa Spiraea nipponica ‘Snowmound’ Lonicera xylosteum (Fly honeysuckle)
Deciduous, arching shrub with stiff Deciduous, spreading shrub with sturdy, Deciduous, upright, bushy, dense shrub.
branches and stout, flattened, blue-green arching, reddish branches. Small, Creamy-white flowers are produced
spines. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers narrow, dark green leaves set off amid gray-green leaves in late spring
are borne in late summer and early fall. profuse, dense clusters of small, and early summer, and are followed
white flowers in early summer. by red berries.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
AD Z7–11 H11–7 10ft

3m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0
Viburnum ‘Pragense’ Leptospermum polygalifolium Philadelphus delavayi f. melanocalyx Escallonia ‘Donard Seedling’
Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub that Evergreen, arching, graceful shrub with Deciduous, upright shrub, grown for Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub
has dark green foliage and domed heads small, glossy, bright green leaves. Bears its extremely fragrant flowers, with pure with small, glossy, dark green leaves.
of white flowers opening from pink buds an abundance of small, pink-tinged, white petals and deep purple sepals, Masses of pink flower buds open to
in late spring and early summer. white flowers in mid-summer. opening from early to mid-summer. white blooms, flushed with pale pink,
Leaves are dark green. from early to mid-summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
131
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 AD H11–10 10ft
3m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 10ft
3m 0
www.ebook777.com
MEDIUM
SUMMER
WHITE
Hibiscus syriacus ‘Red Heart’ Deutzia x magnifica ‘Staphyleoides’ Yucca gloriosa (Spanish dagger)
Deciduous, upright shrub that bears Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub. Evergreen shrub with a sturdy stem
large, white flowers, with conspicuous Large, 5-petaled, pure white blooms, crowned with a tuft of long, pointed,
red centers, from late summer to borne in dense clusters in early summer, deep green leaves, blue-green when
mid-fall. Oval leaves are lobed and have recurved petals. Leaves are young. Bears very long panicles
deep green. bright green. of bell-shaped, white flowers
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
in summer–fall.
AD Z5–9 H9–1 10ft

3m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z7–11 H12–7 10ft
3m 0

Olearia macrodonta (Arorangi)

Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub,
often treelike. Has holly-shaped,
sharply toothed, gray-green leaves,
silvery-white beneath. Large heads
of fragrant, white flowers are
10ft 3m
produced in early summer.
AD Z9–10 H10–9 10ft

3m 0
Stephanandra tanakae Aloysia triphylla (Lemon verbena) Exochorda x macrantha ‘The Bride’
Deciduous, arching shrub with Deciduous, bushy shrub. Leaves are pale Deciduous, arching, dense shrub that
orange-brown shoots and sharply green and lemon-scented. Racemes of forms a mound of pendent branches.
toothed, mid-green leaves that turn tiny, lilac-tinged, white flowers appear Large, white flowers are produced in
orange and yellow in fall. Small, in early summer. abundance amid dark green foliage
yellow-green buds open to in late spring and early summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
white flowers from early
to mid-summer.
132
AD Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 10ft
3m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 10ft
3m 0
PINK
Escallonia ‘Apple Blossom’ Lonicera tatarica Deutzia longifolia ‘Veitchii’ Lavatera assurgentiflora
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. From Deciduous, bushy shrub. Tubular to Deciduous, arching shrub with narrow, Semievergreen shrub with twisted, gray
early to mid-summer apple-blossom- trumpet-shaped, 5-lobed, white, pink pointed leaves and large clusters of stems. Clusters of hollyhock-like, darkly
pink flowers are borne in profusion or red flowers cover dark green foliage 5-petaled, deep pink flowers from early veined, deep cerise blooms open in
amid glossy, dark green leaves. in late spring and early summer, and to mid-summer. mid-summer. Palmate, mid-green
are succeeded by red fruits. leaves are white-haired beneath.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
AD Z8–9 H9–8 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z3–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0 AD Z7–8 H8–7 10ft
3m 0 AD H11–9 10ft
3m 0

Robinia hispida (Rose acacia) Melaleuca nesophila
Deciduous shrub of loose habit with (Western tea-myrtle)
brittle, bristly stems that carry dark Evergreen, bushy shrub or small
green leaves composed of 7–13 leaflets. tree with oval, gray-green leaves.
Pendent racemes of deep rose-pink Flowers, consisting of a brush of
blooms open in late spring and lavender to rose-pink stamens,
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
early summer. are borne in rounded, terminal
heads in summer.
ADt Z6–11 H12–6 10ft

3m 0 AD H11–6 10ft
3m 0
Indigofera heterantha Neillia thibetica Hydrangea aspera Villosa Group

Deciduous, slightly arching shrub. Deciduous, arching shrub. Slender Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling
Has grayish-green leaves consisting spikes of rose-pink flowers are borne bark. From late summer to mid-fall,
of many small leaflets and spikes of profusely in late spring and early produces heads of small, blue or
small, purplish-pink flowers from summer. Leaves are sharply toothed. purple, central flowers and larger,
early summer to early fall. white, sometimes flushed
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
purplish-pink, outer ones.
133
AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 BD Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0
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HYDRANGEAS
Valued for their late summer flowers, hydrangeas
are versatile shrubs that thrive in a variety of situations.
Larger-growing species, some of which may become
treelike with age, are suited to light woodland, while the
range of cultivars, mostly of H. macrophylla, make excellent
border plants. Some may also be grown in containers.
Colors range from white through pink, red, and purple
to blue. The truest blue is obtained only on acidic soil.
Lacecap hydrangeas have a central corymb of small,
fertile flowers surrounded by showy, colored bracts;
mopheads (or hortensias) have domed heads of sterile
bracts only. H. paniculata cultivars bear larger though
fewer cone-shaped flower heads if pruned hard in spring.
H. serrata ‘Diadem’ H. paniculata PINKY-WINKY (‘Dvppinky’)
H. heteromalla ‘Snowcap’ H. macrophylla ‘Générale H. macrophylla ‘Altona’ t

Vicomtesse de Vibraye’ t
H. quercifolia ‘Snowflake’ H. arborescens ‘Annabelle’ t
H. paniculata ‘Big Ben’ H. serrata ‘Kiyosumi’
H. macrophylla ‘Madame Emile Mouillère’ H. macrophylla ‘Hamburg’ t
134
H. paniculata ‘Phantom’ H. paniculata ‘Silver Dollar’ H. macrophylla ‘Lilacina’ t
H. macrophylla ‘Ami Pasquier’ H. macrophylla ‘Europa’
H. macrophylla ‘Ayesha’ H. macrophylla ‘Möwe’
H. paniculata ‘Dharuma’ H. serrata ‘Bluebird’ t
H. aspera ‘Mauvette’
H. macrophylla ‘Libelle’ H. macrophylla ‘Blue Bonnet’ t H. serrata ‘Grayswood’
135
H. paniculata PINK DIAMOND (‘Interhydia’) t H. aspera subsp. sargentiana H. paniculata ‘Limelight’
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
PINK RED
Lavatera x clementii ‘Rosea’ Hibiscus syriacus ‘Woodbridge’

Semievergreen, erect shrub that Deciduous, upright shrub. From late
produces abundant clusters of summer to mid-fall large, reddish-pink
hollyhock-like, deep pink flowers flowers, with deeper-colored centers,
throughout summer. Has lobed, appear amid lobed, dark green leaves.
sage-green leaves.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
ADZ10–11 H12–3 10ft

3m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0

Paeonia delavayi (Tree peony)

Deciduous, upright, open, suckering
shrub. Leaves are divided into pointed-
oval leaflets, often with reddish stalks.
Produces bowl-shaped, red, orange,
yellow or white flowers, 2–2½in
10ft 3m
(5–6cm) across, with leafy
bracts beneath, in late spring.
AD Z4–8 H8–1 10ft

3m 0
Kalmia latifolia Lonicera ledebourii Erythrina x bidwillii

(Mountain laurel, calico bush) Deciduous, bushy shrub. Red-tinged, Deciduous, upright shrub with pale
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. In early orange-yellow flowers are borne amid to mid-green leaves divided into 3
summer large clusters of pink flowers dark green foliage in late spring and leaflets, up to 4in (10cm) long. Bright
open from distinctively crimped buds early summer, and are followed by red flowers are carried in racemes
amid glossy, rich green foliage. black fruits. As these ripen, in late summer or fall.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
deep red bracts enlarge
around them.
136
AEMt Z5–9 H9–5 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–5 10ft
3m 0 AD Z11 H11–6 10ft
3m 0
Pieris formosa var. forrestii Calycanthus occidentalis Erythrina crista-galli Telopea speciosissima (Waratah)
‘Wakehurst’ (California allspice) (Cock’s comb, Common coral tree) Evergreen, erect, fairly bushy shrub with
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Young Deciduous, bushy shrub. Leaves Deciduous, mainly upright shrub or coarsely serrated leaves. Has tubular,
leaves are brilliant red in early summer, are large, aromatic and dark green. small tree. Leaves have 3 oval leaflets. red flowers in dense, globose heads,
becoming pink, creamy-yellow Fragrant, purplish-red flowers with Has leafy racemes of crimson flowers surrounded by bright red bracts,
and finally dark green. Bears many strap-shaped petals appear in summer–fall. Dies back to in spring–summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
urn-shaped, white flowers during summer. ground level in winter in
in spring–summer. cold areas.

3m 0 AE Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z11 H11–8 10ft
3m 0 ADM Z10–15 H12–10 10ft
3m 0

Melaleuca elliptica Camellia japonica ‘Mathotiana’
(Granite bottlebrush) Evergreen, spreading shrub with
Evergreen, rounded shrub with lance-shaped to oval, slightly twisted,
long, leathery, usually grayish-green dark green leaves. Very large, formal
leaves. Flowers, consisting of a double, velvety, dark crimson flowers
brush of red stamens, are borne become purplish with age and in
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
in dense, terminal spikes in warm climates often have
spring–summer. rose-form centers.
AD H11–10 10ft
3m 0 BDM Z7–8 H8–7 10ft
3m 0
Berberis thunbergii ‘Rose Glow’ Abutilon ‘Ashford Red’ Callistemon rigidus (Stiff bottlebrush)
Vigorous, deciduous, dense shrub with Strong-growing, evergreen, erect Evergreen, bushy, slightly arching
spines. Broadly oval leaves are rich to spreading shrub with maple- to shrub with long, narrow, sharply
red-purple mottled with pink and cream, heart-shaped, serrated, pale to pointed, dark green leaves and dense
when young, maturing to burgundy-red mid-green leaves. Pendent, bell- spikes of deep red flowers in late
in fall. Has small, red-tinged, shaped, crimson flowers are spring and early summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
yellow flowers in spring borne from spring to fall.
137
AD Z5–8 H8–5 10ft
3m 0 AD Z9–10 H10–1 10ft
3m 0 AD Z10–11 H11–10 10ft
3m 0
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
PURPLE BLUE GREEN
Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’ Iochroma australe Eleutherococcus sieboldianus

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or small Deciduous, erect to spreading shrub with Deciduous, bushy, elegant shrub. Has
tree with deep reddish-purple leaves ovate, dark green leaves and bell-shaped, glossy, bright green leaves, divided
that turn brilliant red in fall. Small, white to blue-purple flowers, ¾in (2cm) into 5 leaflets, and is armed with spines.
reddish-purple flowers in mid-spring long, borne from short spurs in early Clusters of small, greenish flowers
are often followed by decorative, summer, followed by spherical, appear in early summer.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
winged, red fruits. yellow-orange fruits,
5
⁄8in (1.5cm) across.
AD Z6–8 H8–2 10ft

3m 0 ADtZ10–11 H11–5 10ft
3m 0 AD Z4–8 H9–3 10ft
3m 0

Abutilon x suntense ‘Violetta’ Ceanothus impressus Sophora davidii

Fast-growing, deciduous, upright, Evergreen, bushy shrub. Spreading Deciduous, bushy shrub with arching
arching shrub that carries an abundance growth is covered with small, crinkled, shoots. Produces short racemes of small,
of large, bowl-shaped, deep violet dark green leaves. Deep blue flowers pealike, purple and white flowers in late
flowers in late spring and early appear in small clusters from spring and early summer. Gray-green
summer. Vinelike leaves are mid-spring to early summer. leaves have many leaflets.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
sharply toothed and dark green.
ADZ12–15 H12–6 10ft

3m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0
Prostanthera rotundifolia Hibiscus syriacus ‘Oiseau Bleu’ Ceanothus ‘Autumnal Blue’ Ptelea trifoliata ‘Aurea’
(Round-leaved mint-bush) Deciduous, upright shrub that carries Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub. Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub or low
Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub with large, red-centered, lilac-blue flowers Has glossy, bright green foliage and tree. Leaves, consisting of 3 leaflets, are
tiny, sweetly aromatic, deep green leaves from late summer to mid-fall. Has large panicles of pale to mid-blue bright yellow when young, maturing to
and short, leafy racemes of bell-shaped, lobed, deep green leaves. flowers from late spring to fall. pale green. Bears racemes of greenish
lavender to purple-blue flowers flowers in summer, followed
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
in late spring or summer. by winged, green fruits.
138
AD Z11 H11–5 10ft
3m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0 AD Z9–10 H10–9 10ft
3m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–5 10ft
3m 0
YELLOW
Callistemon pallidus Bupleurum fruticosum

Evergreen, arching shrub. Gray-green (Shrubby hare’s ear)
foliage is pink-tinged when young and Evergreen, bushy shrub with slender
in early summer is covered with dense shoots. From mid-summer to early
spikes of creamy-yellow flowers that fall rounded heads of small, yellow
resemble bottlebrushes. flowers are borne amid glossy,
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
dark bluish-green foliage.
AD Z10–11 H11–10 10ft

3m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 10ft
3m 0

Sambucus racemosa ‘Plumosa Aurea’
Slow-growing, deciduous, bushy shrub
with leaves made up of 5 oval leaflets,
each deeply cut. Leaves are bronze when
young maturing to golden-yellow in
early summer. Star-shaped,
10ft 3m
yellow flowers in spring are
followed by scarlet fruits.
BD Z3–7 H7–1 10ft

3m 0
Jasminum humile (Yellow jasmine) Elaeagnus x ebbingei ‘Limelight’ Colutea arborescens (Bladder senna)
Evergreen, bushy shrub that bears Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with Fast-growing, deciduous, open shrub.
bright yellow flowers on long, slender, glossy, dark green leaves, silver Has pale green leaves with many leaflets,
green shoots from early spring to late beneath, centrally marked yellow pealike, yellow flowers throughout
fall. Leaves, with 5 or 7 leaflets, are and pale green. Bears small, fragrant, summer, and bladder-like seed pods
bright green. white flowers in fall. in late summer and fall.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
139
AD Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–1 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0
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MEDIUM
SUMMER FALL
YELLOW RED
Colutea x media Euonymus hamiltonianus Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Cascade’

Vigorous, deciduous, open shrub. Gray- subsp. sieboldianus ‘Red Elf’ Deciduous, bushy shrub or small
green leaves have many leaflets. Racemes Deciduous, upright shrub with mid- tree with narrowly oval, mid-green
of yellow flowers, tinged with copper- to dark green foliage. Decorative, leaves that redden in fall as red
orange, appear in summer, followed deep pink fruits, borne in profusion fruits open to show orange seeds.
by bladder-like, papery, after tiny, green flowers in Has inconspicuous, greenish
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
red-tinged seed pods. early summer, open in fall flowers in early summer.
to reveal red seeds.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z4–7 H7–1 10ft
3m 0

Ligustrum ‘Vicaryi’ Euonymus latifolius

Semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub Deciduous, open shrub. Mid-green
with broad, oval, golden-yellow leaves. foliage turns brilliant red in late fall.
Dense racemes of small, white flowers At the same time large, deep red fruits
appear in mid-summer. with prominent wings open to reveal
orange seeds.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
ADt Z4–8 H8–1 10ft

3m 0 ADtZ7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0
Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) Rhus glabra (Smooth sumac) Euonymus alatus
Deciduous, almost leafless, upright Deciduous, bushy shrub with bluish- (Burning bush, winged spindle)
shrub that arches with age. Fragrant, white-bloomed, reddish-purple stems. Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with
pealike, golden-yellow flowers appear Deep blue-green leaves turn red in fall. shoots that develop corky wings. Dark
from early summer to early fall on dark Bears panicles of greenish-red flower green leaves turn brilliant red in fall.
green shoots. heads in summer followed by Inconspicuous, greenish flowers
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
red fruits on female plants. in summer are followed by small,
purple-red fruits.
140
ADt Z8–11 H12–8 10ft
3m 0 AD Z2–8 H8–1 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0
RED/PURPLE ORANGE
Disanthus cercidifolius Pyracantha ‘Golden Charmer’ Leonotis leonurus (Lion’s ear) Zanthoxylum simulans
Deciduous, rounded shrub with broadly Evergreen, bushy, arching, spiny Semievergreen, sparingly branched, Deciduous, bushy shrub or small tree
oval to almost circular, bluish-green shrub with glossy, bright green leaves. erect shrub. Has lance-shaped leaves with sturdy spines. Aromatic, glossy,
leaves that turn yellow, orange, red Flattish clusters of white flowers in early and whorls of tubular, bright orange bright green leaves consist of 5 leaflets.
or purple in fall. Has small, dark summer are succeeded by large, bright flowers in late fall and early winter. Tiny, yellowish-green flowers in
red flowers in fall as the leaves orange berries in early fall. late spring and early summer are
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
drop, or later. followed by orange-red fruits.
BEM Z5–8 H8–5 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 AD H11–6 10ft
3m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0

Clerodendrum bungei Colquhounia coccinea
Evergreen or deciduous, upright, Evergreen or semievergreen, open
suckering shrub or subshrub with shrub. Has aromatic, sage-green leaves
heart-shaped, coarsely serrated leaves. and whorls of scarlet or orange flowers
Has domed clusters of small, fragrant, in late summer and fall.
red-purple to deep pink flowers
10ft 3m 10ft 3m
in late summer and early fall.
AD Z8–10 H11–8 10ft

3m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 10ft
3m 0
Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii Berberis x carminea ‘Barbarossa’ Cotoneaster sternianus

(Beautyberry) Semievergreen, arching shrub. Has Evergreen or semievergreen, arching
Deciduous, bushy shrub. Leaves narrowly oval, dark green leaves and shrub. Leaves are gray-green, white
are pale green, often bronze-tinged racemes of rounded, yellow flowers in beneath. Pink-tinged, white flowers
when young. Tiny, lilac flowers late spring and early summer, followed in early summer are followed
in mid-summer are followed by by globose, orange-scarlet fruits. by orange-red fruits.
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
small, violet berries.
141
AD Z5–8 H8–3 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0
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SHRUBS FOR BERRIES

Most plants produce seeds in one form or another, but
fruits and berries offer the best decorative value. Shrubs,
in particular, offer a huge variety of berries in a range of
colors, shapes, and sizes. Most appear from summer to
late fall, with many enduring well into winter, brightening Cornus alba ‘Sibirica Variegata’ Chaenomeles cathayensis Poncirus trifoliata
up the garden when color is in short supply, and providing
an excellent source of nutrition for birds and wildlife. The
most popular berried shrubs are cotoneaster, viburnum,
and the snowberry (Symphoricarpos), with more unusual
fruit produced by Clerodendrum trichotomum and Decaisnea
fargesii, among others. Many of these plants are easy to
grow, and will thrive in most soils, if given an annual
application of all-purpose granular fertilizer in spring.
Symphoricarpos albus
var. laevigatus t
Cotoneaster frigidus Euonymus hamiltonianus

subsp. sieboldianus t
Cotoneaster conspicuus Cotoneaster salicifolius Cotoneaster x watereri

‘John Waterer’
Daphne mezereum t Hippophae rhamnoides Viburnum plicatum Cornus sanguinea

Pink Beauty’ t
Aronia arbutifolia Viburnum betulifolium t Euonymus hamiltonianus t
142
Decaisnea fargesii Symplocos paniculata Clerodendrum trichotomum Sarcococca confusa
MEDIUM
WINTER
WHITE PINK RED
Viburnum tinus ‘Eve Price’ Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn’ Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’
Evergreen, bushy, very compact Deciduous, upright shrub with Deciduous, upright shrub with
shrub with oval, dark green leaves. oval, bronze, young leaves that scarlet, young shoots in winter.
In winter–spring, deep pink mature to dark green. Racemes Has dark green foliage and heads
buds open into flattened heads of deep pink buds open to of creamy-white flowers in late
of small, star-shaped, white fragrant, pink flowers during spring and early summer,
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
flowers, which are followed mild periods from late fall succeeded by rounded,
by ovoid, blue fruits. to early spring. white fruits.
ADt Z8–10 H10–8 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z7–8 H8–7 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z2–8 H8–1 10ft
3m 0

Viburnum farreri Rubus biflorus Cotoneaster simonsii
Deciduous, upright shrub. In late fall Deciduous, upright shrub with chalky- Deciduous or semievergreen, upright
and during mild periods in winter and white, young shoots in winter. Leaves, shrub, suitable for hedging. Has oval,
early spring bears fragrant, white or consisting of 5–7 oval leaflets, are dark glossy, dark green leaves, shallowly
pale pink flowers. Dark green foliage green above, white beneath. White cup-shaped, white flowers in early
is bronze when young. flowers in late spring and summer and long-lasting,
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
early summer are followed orange-red fruits in fall.
by edible, yellow fruits.
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft

3m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0
Rubus thibetanus Viburnum foetens Daphne bholua ‘Jacqueline Postill’ Nandina domestica ‘Fire Power’
Deciduous, arching shrub with Deciduous, bushy shrub that Slow-growing, evergreen, upright, Evergreen or semievergreen, elegant,
white-bloomed, brownish-purple, has aromatic, dark green leaves. compact shrub with oval, leathery, bamboo-like, dwarf shrub. Leaves
young shoots in winter and fernlike, Dense clusters of pink buds open deep green leaves. Masses of highly have dark green leaflets, purplish-
glossy, dark green foliage, white to very fragrant, white flowers fragrant flowers, deep pink in red when young and in fall–winter.
beneath. Small, pink flowers from mid-winter to early spring. bud opening to white, are borne Bears small, white flowers in
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
from mid- to late summer are in terminal clusters in late summer followed in warm
followed by black fruits. winter and early spring. areas by orange-red fruits.
143
AD Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 AE Z6–11 H11–4 10ft
3m 0
www.ebook777.com
MEDIUM
WINTER ALL YEAR
YELLOW WHITE GREEN
Mahonia japonica Chimonanthus praecox (Wintersweet) Euonymus japonicus Corokia cotoneaster

Evergreen, upright shrub with deep Deciduous, bushy shrub with oval, ‘Latifolius Albomarginatus’ (Wire-netting bush)
green leaves consisting of many spiny rough, glossy, dark green leaves. Evergreen, upright, bushy and dense Evergreen, bushy, open shrub with
leaflets. Long, spreading sprays of Bears very fragrant, many-petaled, shrub with oval, dark green leaves interlacing shoots. Has small, spoon-
fragrant, yellow flowers appear from cup-shaped, yellow flowers, with broadly edged with white. Produces shaped, dark green leaves, fragrant,
late fall to spring, succeeded purple centers, on bare branches clusters of insignificant, greenish- yellow flowers in late spring and
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
by purple-blue fruits. in mild periods during winter. white flowers in late spring. red fruits in fall.
BE Z7–8 H8–7 10ft

3m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–1 10ft
3m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 10ft
3m 0

Jasminum nudiflorum Euonymus fortunei ‘Silver Queen’ Arctostaphylos patula

(Winter jasmine) Evergreen, bushy, sometimes scandent Evergreen, rounded shrub with
Deciduous, arching shrub with oval, shrub with a dense growth of dark reddish-brown bark and bright
dark green leaves. Bright yellow green leaves, broadly edged with white. gray-green foliage. Urn-shaped,
flowers appear on slender, Produces insignificant, greenish- white or pale pink flowers appear
leafless, green shoots in white flowers in spring. from mid- to late spring,
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
winter and early spring. followed by brown fruits.
AD Z6–9 H9–6 10ft

3m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–2 10ft
3m 0 ADM Z6–9 H9–6 10ft
3m 0
Stachyurus praecox Pyracantha ‘Golden Dome’ Fatsia japonica ‘Variegata’ Buxus sempervirens
Deciduous, spreading, open shrub with Evergreen, rounded, very dense, spiny Evergreen, rounded, bushy and dense ‘Handsworthensis’
purplish-red shoots. Drooping spikes of shrub. Dark green foliage sets off white shrub with palmate, glossy, dark green (Common boxwood)
pale greenish-yellow flowers open in late flowers borne in early summer. These leaves, variegated marginally with Vigorous, evergreen, bushy, upright
winter and early spring, before pointed, are followed by orange-yellow berries creamy-white, and large sprays of shrub or small tree. Has broad,
deep green leaves appear. in early fall. small, white flowers in fall. very dark green leaves. A
10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m 10ft 3m
dense habit makes it ideal
for hedging or screening.
144
ADM Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 10ft
3m 0 AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 10ft
3m 0
SMALL
SPRING
WHITE
Buxus balearica (Balearic boxwood) Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea) Prunus laurocerasus ‘Zabeliana’
Evergreen, treelike shrub suitable for Evergreen, bushy shrub. Foliage is dark Evergreen, wide-spreading, open shrub.
hedging in mild areas. Has broadly oval, green and aromatic. Rounded heads of Leaves are very narrow and glossy, dark
bright green leaves. small, white flowers are carried from green. Spikes of white flowers in late
mid-spring to early summer. spring are followed by cherry-like,
red, then black, fruits.
10ft 3m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
ADt Z7–9 H9–7 10ft

3m 0 BEM Z2–6 H6–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0

Salix hastata ‘Wehrhahnii’ Spiraea x vanhouttei (Bridal wreath) Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto Luyken’
Deciduous, upright-branched shrub Deciduous, compact shrub with slender, Evergreen, very dense shrub. Has
with deep purple stems that contrast arching shoots. In late spring and early upright, narrow, glossy, dark green
with silver-gray catkins borne in early summer abundant, small, dense clusters leaves, spikes of white flowers in late
spring before foliage appears. Stems of white flowers appear amid diamond- spring, followed by cherry-like, red,
later turn yellow. Has oval, bright shaped, dark green leaves. 5ft 1.5m
then black, fruits.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
green leaves.
AE Z5–8 H8–5 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z4–8 H8–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0
Melianthus major (Honeybush) Prunus glandulosa ‘Alba Plena’ Deutzia gracilis Gaultheria x wisleyensis
Evergreen, sprawling, shrub bearing Deciduous, open shrub, with narrowly Deciduous, upright or spreading ‘Wisley Pearl’
blue-gray leaves, 25–45cm (10–18in) oval, mid-green leaves, bearing racemes shrub. Massed, 5-petaled, pure white Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
long, divided into 7–13 oval, toothed of double, white flowers in late spring. flowers are borne in upright clusters oval, deeply veined, dark green leaves.
leaflets. Tubular, brownish-red amid bright green foliage in late Bears small, white flowers in late spring
flowers are produced in terminal spring and early summer. and early summer, then purplish-
10ft 3m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
spikes, 12in (30cm) long, in red fruits.
spring and summer.
145
AD Z8–11 H11–8 10ft
3m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–3 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 5ft
1.5m 0 BEMt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SPRING
WHITE PINK RED
Viburnum x juddii Deutzia x rosea Daphne retusa

Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. In Evergreen, densely branched, rounded
with dark green foliage. Rounded late spring and early summer produces shrub clothed with leathery, glossy
heads of very fragrant, pink-tinged, massed, broad clusters of 5-petaled, leaves notched at the tips. In late spring
white flowers open from pink buds pale pink flowers. Leaves are oval and early summer, deep purple
from mid- to late spring. and dark green. buds open to very fragrant,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
pink-flushed, white flowers
borne in terminal clusters.
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0

Viburnum carlesii Menziesia ciliicalyx var. purpurea Prunus tenella Cantua buxifolia

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with Deciduous, bushy shrub with bright Deciduous, bushy shrub with upright Evergreen, arching, bushy shrub. Has
dark green leaves that redden in fall. green foliage and racemes of nodding, shoots and narrowly oval, glossy leaves. gray-green foliage and drooping clusters
Rounded heads of very fragrant, purplish-pink blooms in late spring Shallowly cup-shaped, bright pink of bright red and magenta flowers from
white and pink flowers, pink in and early summer. flowers appear from mid- to late spring. mid- to late spring.
bud, appear from mid- to late
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
spring, followed by decorative,
black fruits.

1.5m 0 BEM Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z10–11 H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0
Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Snow’ Daphne x burkwoodii ‘Somerset’ Prunus x cistena Ribes sanguineum ‘Edward VII’
Slow-growing, deciduous shrub forming Semievergreen, upright shrub that Slow-growing, deciduous, upright Deciduous, upright, compact shrub
a dense framework of interlacing, spiny bears dense clusters of very fragrant, shrub with deep reddish-purple with rounded, 3–5-lobed, aromatic, dark
branches. Has oval, toothed, dark green white and pink flowers in late spring, leaves, red when young. Small, green leaves. Small, tubular, reddish-
leaves. Saucer-shaped, pure white and sometimes again in fall. Leaves pinkish-white flowers from mid- to pink flowers are borne, from mid- to
flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, in are lance-shaped and pale late spring may be followed by late spring, and are sometimes
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
spring are followed by spherical, to mid-green. purple fruits. followed by spherical, black
edible, yellow fruits. fruits with a white bloom.
146
AD Z5–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z4–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z3–8 H8–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0
GREEN YELLOW
Chaenomeles x superba Salix lanata (Woolly willow) Salix repens (Creeping willow)
‘Rowallane’ (Flowering quince) Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with Deciduous, prostrate or semi-upright
Deciduous, low, spreading shrub. sturdy, woolly, gray shoots and broad, and bushy shrub. Silky, gray catkins
Has glossy, dark green foliage and silver-gray leaves. Large, yellowish- become yellow from mid- to late spring,
bears a profusion of large, red flowers green catkins appear in late spring before small, narrowly oval leaves,
during spring. with foliage. which are gray-green above,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
silvery beneath, appear.
AD Z5–9 H9–5 5ft

1.5m 0 AE Z3–5 H5–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AE Z5–7 H7–5 5ft
1.5m 0

Chaenomeles x superba Euphorbia characias
‘Nicoline’ (Flowering quince) subsp. characias
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. Evergreen, upright shrub with clusters of
Has glossy, dark green leaves and a narrow, gray-green leaves. During spring
profusion of large, scarlet flowers in and early summer, bears dense spikes
spring, followed by yellow fruits. of pale yellowish-green flowers
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
with deep purple centers.
AD Z5–9 H9–5 5ft

1.5m 0 ADt Z7–10 H10–7 5ft
1.5m 0
Arctostaphylos ‘Emerald Carpet’ Daphne laureola subsp. philippi Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii

Evergreen shrub that, with a low, dense Evergreen, dwarf shrub with oval, dark Evergreen, upright shrub. Stems
growth of oval, bright green leaves and green leaves. Slightly fragrant, tubular, are biennial, producing clustered,
purple-red stems, makes excellent pale green flowers with short, spreading gray-green leaves one year and
groundcover. Bears small, urn-shaped, lobes appear in late winter and early spikes of yellow-green blooms
white flowers in spring. spring, followed by black fruits. the following spring.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
147
ADM Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z7–8 H8–7 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z7–10 H10–7 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SPRING
YELLOW
Cytisus x praecox ‘Warminster’ Berberis empetrifolia Genista tinctoria (Common woadwax,

(Warminster broom) Evergreen, arching, prickly shrub with Dyers’ greenwood)
Deciduous, densely branched shrub. narrow, gray-green leaves, globose, Deciduous, spreading, dwarf shrub
From mid- to late spring, pealike, golden-yellow flowers in late spring that bears dense spires of pealike,
creamy-yellow flowers appear in and black fruits in fall. golden-yellow flowers in spring
profusion amid tiny, silky, gray- and summer. Leaves are narrow
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
green leaves with 3 leaflets. and dark green.

1.5m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z2–8 H8–1 5ft
1.5m 0

Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) Cytisus x praecox ‘Allgold’

Evergreen, open shrub. Leaves, with (Allgold broom)
glossy, bright green leaflets, often turn Deciduous, densely branched shrub
red or purple in winter. Bunches of with silky, gray-green leaves, divided
small, yellow flowers in spring are into 3 leaflets, and a profusion of
followed by blue-black berries. pealike, yellow flowers from
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
mid- to late spring.
BE Z6–9 H9–6 5ft

1.5m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0
Caragana arborescens ‘Nana’ Ulex europaeus (Gorse) Choisya ternata SUNDANCE (‘Lich’)
Deciduous, bushy, dwarf shrub with Leafless or almost leafless, bushy shrub Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with
mid-green leaves consisting of many with year-round, dark green shoots and aromatic, glossy, bright yellow leaves
oval leaflets. Pealike, yellow flowers spines that make it appear evergreen. divided into 3 oblong leaflets. Fragrant,
are borne in late spring. Bears massed, fragrant, pealike, star-shaped, white flowers are produced
yellow flowers in spring. in clusters in late spring and
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
often again in fall.
148
AD Z2–8 H8–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADMt Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–10 H10–8 5ft
1.5m 0
SUMMER
WHITE
Deutzia monbeigii Philadelphus ‘Manteau d’Hermine’ Halimium umbellatum

Deciduous, arching, elegant shrub. Deciduous, bushy, compact shrub. Evergreen, upright shrub.
Clusters of small, 5-petaled, white Clusters of fragrant, double, creamy- Narrow, glossy, dark green leaves
flowers appear in profusion among white flowers appear amid small, pale are white beneath. White flowers,
small, dark green leaves from early- to mid-green leaves from early to centrally blotched with yellow,
to mid-summer. mid-summer. are produced in early summer
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
from reddish buds.
AD Z6–8 H8–6 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0

Olearia phlogopappa Potentilla fruticosa ‘Abbotswood’ Potentilla fruticosa ‘Farrer’s White’
var. subrepanda Deciduous, bushy shrub. Large, pure Deciduous, bushy shrub with divided,
Evergreen, upright, compact shrub. white flowers are borne amid dark gray-green leaves. Bears an abundance
Heads of daisylike, white flowers blue-green leaves, divided into 5 of white flowers during summer–fall.
are borne profusely from mid-spring narrowly oval leaflets, throughout
to early summer amid narrow, summer–fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
toothed, gray-green leaves.
AD H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0
Hebe ‘White Gem’ Rhodotypos scandens Convolvulus cneorum x Halimiocistus sahucii

Evergreen, rounded shrub that produces Deciduous, upright or slightly arching Evergreen, rounded, bushy, dense Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
a dense mound of small, glossy leaves shrub. In late spring and early summer, shrub. Pink-tinged buds opening to narrow, dark green leaves that set off
covered in early summer with tight amid sharply toothed leaves, bears white flowers with yellow centers an abundance of pure white flowers
racemes of small, white flowers. shallowly cupped, white flowers, are borne from late spring to late in late spring and early summer.
followed by small, pea-shaped, summer among narrow, silky,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
black fruits. silvery-green leaves.
149
AD Z8–10 H10–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SUMMER
WHITE
Cistus salviifolius
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
slightly wrinkled, gray-green foliage.
White flowers, with central, yellow
blotches, appear in profusion
during early summer.
5ft 1.5m
AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft

1.5m 0

Cistus x hybridus (Rock rose) Cistus x cyprius Cassinia leptophylla

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has Evergreen, bushy shrub with sticky subsp. vauvilliersii
wrinkled, wavy-edged, dark green shoots and narrow, glossy, dark green Evergreen, upright shrub. Whitish
leaves and massed white flowers, leaves. In early summer bears large, shoots are covered with tiny, dark green
with central, yellow blotches, carried white flowers, with a red blotch at leaves and heads of small, white flowers
in late spring and early summer. each petal base, that appear in from mid- to late summer.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
succession for some weeks
but last only a day.
AD Z8–10 H8–1 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0
Cistus x aguilarii ‘Maculatus’ Cistus ladanifer Rhaphiolepis umbellata Vaccinium corymbosum

Evergreen, bushy shrub with narrow, Evergreen, open, upright shrub. Leaves Evergreen, bushy shrub with rounded, (Highbush blueberry)
wavy-edged, slightly sticky, rich are narrow, dark green and sticky. Bears leathery, dark green leaves and Deciduous, upright, slightly arching
green leaves. Large, white flowers, large, white flowers, with red markings clusters of fragrant, white flowers shrub. Small, white or pinkish flowers
with a central, deep red and around the central tuft of stamens, in early summer. in late spring and early summer
yellow pattern, appear from in profusion in early summer. are followed by sweet, edible,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
early to mid-summer. blue-black berries. Foliage
turns red in fall.
150
AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z7–10 H10–7 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AEM Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0
Yucca flaccida ‘Ivory’ Hebe albicans Hebe recurva

Evergreen, very short-stemmed shrub Evergreen shrub that forms a dense Evergreen, open, spreading shrub.
that produces tufts of narrow, dark mound of blue-gray foliage covered Leaves are narrow, curved and
green leaves and long panicles of with small, tight clusters of white blue-gray. Small spikes of white flowers
bell-shaped, white flowers from flowers from early to mid-summer. appear from mid- to late summer.
mid- to late summer.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z5–9 H9–5 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0

Yucca whipplei Ozothamnus ledifolius
Evergreen, virtually stemless shrub Evergreen, dense shrub. Yellow shoots
that forms a dense tuft of slender, are covered with small, aromatic leaves,
pointed, blue-green leaves. Very long glossy, dark green above, yellow
panicles of fragrant, greenish-white beneath. Small, white flower heads
flowers are produced in late are borne in early summer.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
spring and early summer.
AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0
Viburnum acerifolium Lomatia silaifolia Leptospermum rupestre

Deciduous, upright-branched shrub with Evergreen, bushy shrub. Spikes of Evergreen, semiprostrate, widely
bright green leaves that turn orange, red creamy-white flowers, each with 4 arching shrub with reddish shoots
and purple in fall. Decorative, red fruits, narrow, twisted petals, are borne amid and small, dark green leaves that
which turn purple-black, follow heads deeply divided, dark green leaves from turn bronze-purple in winter. Small,
of creamy-white flowers in mid- to late summer. open cup-shaped, white flowers,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
early summer. red-flushed in bud, appear in
early summer.
151
1.5m 0 ADM Z11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SUMMER
WHITE PINK
Deutzia ‘Mont Rose’

Deciduous, bushy shrub that produces
clusters of pink or pinkish-purple
flowers, in early summer, with yellow
anthers and occasionally white
markings. Leaves are sharply
5ft 1.5m
toothed and dark green.
AD Z6–8 H8–6 5ft

1.5m 0

Weigela florida ‘Variegata’ Fuchsia ‘Lady Thumb’ Indigofera dielsiana

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. Carries Deciduous, upright, dwarf shrub bearing Deciduous, upright, open shrub.
a profusion of funnel-shaped, pink small, semidouble flowers with reddish- Dark green leaves consist of 7–11 oval
flowers in late spring and early summer, pink tubes and sepals, and pink-veined, leaflets. Slender, erect spikes of pale
and has mid-green leaves broadly white petals. May be trained as a pink flowers are borne from early
edged with creamy-white. miniature standard. summer to early fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z5–8 H8–4 5ft

1.5m 0 BD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0
Coprosma x kirkii ‘Variegata’ Hebe hulkeana ‘Lilac Hint’ Cistus x skanbergii Phlomis italica
Evergreen, densely branched shrub, Evergreen, upright, open-branched Evergreen, bushy shrub. A profusion Evergreen, upright shrub. In mid-
prostrate when young, later semierect. shrub with toothed, glossy, pale green of pale pink flowers appears amid summer, whorls of lilac-pink flowers
White-margined leaves are borne singly leaves. A profusion of small, pale lilac narrow, gray-green leaves from early are borne at the ends of shoots amid
or in small clusters. Tiny, translucent, flowers appears in large racemes to mid-summer. narrow, woolly, gray-green leaves.
white fruits appear in fall in late spring and early summer.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
on female plants if both
sexes are grown.
152
AD Z8–10 H10–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0
Deutzia x elegantissima ‘Rosealind’ Ceanothus ‘Perle Rose’

Deciduous, rounded, bushy, dense Deciduous, bushy shrub that from
shrub that produces clusters of mid-summer to early fall bears dense
5-petaled, deep pink flowers from racemes of bright carmine-pink flowers
late spring to early summer. amid broad, oval, mid-green leaves.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z6–8 H8–6 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0

Cistus x argenteus ‘Peggy Sammons’ Penstemon isophyllus
Evergreen, bushy shrub with oval, Slightly untidy, deciduous shrub
gray-green leaves. Saucer-shaped, pale or subshrub that, from mid- to late
purplish-pink flowers are produced summer, carries long sprays of large,
freely during early summer. white- and red-throated, deep pink
flowers above spear-shaped,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
glossy, mid-green leaves.
AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0
Weigela florida ‘Foliis Purpureis’ Hebe ‘Great Orme’ Spiraea japonica ‘Little Princess’ Abelia ‘Edward Goucher’
Deciduous, low, bushy shrub that bears Evergreen, rounded, open shrub. Has Slow-growing, deciduous, mound- Deciduous or semievergreen, arching
funnel-shaped flowers, deep pink deep purplish shoots and glossy, dark forming shrub that produces copious shrub. Oval, bright green leaves are
outside, pale pink to white inside, in late green foliage. Slender spikes of deep small heads of rose-pink blooms from bronze when young. Bears a
spring and early summer. Leaves are pink flowers that fade to white are mid- to late summer. Small, dark green profusion of lilac-pink flowers
dull purple or purplish-green. produced from mid-summer leaves are bronze when young. from mid-summer to fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
to mid-fall.
153
AD Z5–8 H8–4 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z4–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SUMMER
HARDY FUCHSIAS PINK

With their vivid blooms and long flowering season,
hardy fuchsias are outstanding garden shrubs. They
flower throughout the summer months, producing an
abundance of vibrant, pendent, single to double flowers,
with flared or elegantly recurved sepals. These range
in color from deep red and purple to soft pink and pure
white, and are often bicolored. Unlike tender varieties
(see p.302), hardy fuchsias can be grown outside down
to Zone 7 in full sun or partial shade. They require moist,
well-drained soil, and can be grown in large containers.
Abelia schumannii Spiraea japonica ‘Anthony Waterer’

Deciduous, arching shrub. Pointed, Deciduous, upright, compact shrub.
mid-green leaves are bronze when Red, young foliage matures to dark
young. Yellow-blotched, rose-purple green. Heads of crimson-pink blooms
and white flowers appear from appear from mid- to late summer.
mid-summer to mid-fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z7–9 H9–1 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z4–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0
F. ‘Madame Cornélissen’ F. magellanica F. ‘Riccartonii’
F. ‘Rufus’ F. magellanica var. gracilis
Cistus creticus (Rock rose) Escallonia ‘Donard Beauty’

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Pink or Evergreen, arching shrub
purplish-pink flowers, each with with slender shoots. Deep pink
a central, yellow blotch, appear flowers are produced from early
amid gray-green leaves from to mid-summer among small,
early to mid-summer. oval, dark green leaves.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z9–10 H10–9 5ft

1.5m 0 ADZ8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0
F. ‘Mrs Popple’
F. ‘Corallina’
Desmodium elegans Gaultheria shallon (Shallon)

Deciduous, upright subshrub. Mid- Evergreen, bushy shrub. Red shoots
green leaves consist of 3 large leaflets. carry broad, sharply pointed, dark
Large racemes of pale lilac to deep green leaves. Racemes of urn-shaped,
pink flowers appear from late pink flowers in late spring and
summer to mid-fall. early summer are followed by
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
purple berries.
154
AD Z8–11 H11–8 5ft
1.5m 0 BEMt Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0
F. magellanica ‘Thompsonii’ F. ‘Howlett’s Hardy’ F. ‘Tom Thumb’
SALVIAS
Salvia is a vast genus of 900 species of mainly tender
subshrubs or herbaceous perennials from North, Central,
and South America and Africa. Most species have aromatic
leaves and the foliage of common sage, Salvia officinalis, has
been cultivated for centuries for culinary and medicinal use.
The flowers of shrubby salvias, which are primarily white,
pink, or red, are hooded and borne in whorls along the
stems in summer and early fall. Most species are quite
tender and need winter protection in frost-prone areas,
although common sage and its cultivars are very hardy.
S. microphylla will also withstand a few degrees of frost,
but the others featured here are conservatory plants.
Grow garden salvias in free-draining soil and full sun.
S. x jamensis S. x jamensis ‘La Luna’

‘Sierra San Antonio’
S. officinalis ‘Tricolor’ S. officinalis ‘Berggarten’
S. microphylla ‘Pink Blush’ S. microphylla ‘Newby Hall’ S. officinalis S. x jamensis ‘Hot Lips’
S. microphylla ‘La Foux’ S. greggii ‘Icing Sugar’ S. officinalis ‘Purpurascens’
S. microphylla ‘Kew Red’
155
S. x jamensis ‘Maraschino’ S. x jamensis ‘Red Velvet’ S. microphylla ‘Cerro Potosi’ S. officinalis ‘Icterina’
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SMALL
SUMMER
RED
Kalmia angustifolia f. rubra Spiraea japonica ‘Goldflame’

Evergreen, bushy, mound-forming Deciduous, upright, slightly arching
shrub with oval, dark green leaves shrub with orange-red, young leaves
and clusters of small, deep red turning to bright yellow and finally
flowers in early summer. pale green. Bears heads of deep
rose-pink flowers from mid-
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
to late summer.
AEMtZ7–8 H8–7 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z4–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0

Escallonia rubra ‘Woodside’ Potentilla fruticosa ‘Red Ace’ Salvia fulgens

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has Deciduous, spreading, bushy, dense Evergreen, upright subshrub. Oval
small, glossy, dark green leaves and shrub. Bright vermilion flowers, pale leaves are white and woolly beneath,
short racemes of small tubular, yellow on the backs of petals, are hairy above. Racemes of tubular,
crimson flowers in summer–fall. produced among mid-green leaves 2-lipped, scarlet flowers appear
from late spring to mid-fall but in late summer.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
fade quickly in full sun.
AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft

1.5m 0 BD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z11–15 H12–9 5ft
1.5m 0
Phygelius aequalis Salvia microphylla var. microphylla Acer palmatum ‘Dissectum

Evergreen or semievergreen, upright Evergreen, well-branched, upright Atropurpureum’
subshrub. Clusters of tubular, pale red shrub with pale to mid-green leaves. Deciduous shrub that forms a mound
flowers with yellow throats appear from Has tubular, bright red flowers from of deeply divided, bronze-red or purple
mid-summer to early fall. Leaves are purple-tinted, green calyces in late foliage, which turns brilliant red,
oval and dark green. summer and fall. orange or yellow in fall. Has
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
small, reddish-purple flowers
in mid-spring.
156
AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z12–15 H12–10 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z6–8 H8–2 5ft
1.5m 0
PURPLE BLUE
Hebe ‘E.A. Bowles’ Lavandula stoechas (French lavender) Caryopteris x clandonensis

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Heads ‘Arthur Simmonds’
narrow, glossy, pale green leaves and of tiny, fragrant, deep purple flowers, Deciduous, bushy subshrub. Masses
slender spikes of lilac flowers produced topped by rose-purple bracts, appear in of blue to purplish-blue flowers appear
from mid-summer to late fall. late spring and summer. Mature leaves amid narrowly oval, irregularly toothed,
are silver-gray and aromatic. gray-green leaves from late
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
summer to fall.
ADZ10–11 H12–10 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0

Hebe ‘Autumn Glory’ Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssop) Ceanothus ‘Gloire de Versailles’
Evergreen shrub that forms a mound of Semievergreen or deciduous, bushy Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub. Has
purplish-red shoots and rounded, deep shrub with aromatic, narrowly broad, oval, mid-green leaves and large
green leaves, over which dense racemes oval, deep green leaves. Small, racemes of pale blue flowers from
of deep purple-blue flowers appear from blue flowers appear from mid- mid-summer to early fall
mid-summer to early winter. summer to early fall. Sometimes
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
used as a culinary herb.
AD Z9–10 H10–9 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 5ft
1.5m 0
Hebe ‘Purple Queen’ Hebe ‘Bowles’s Variety’ Felicia amelloides ‘Santa Anita’ Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)
Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub Evergreen, rounded shrub with Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. Blue Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
with glossy, deep green leaves that ovate-oblong, slightly glossy, flower heads, with bright yellow centers, aromatic, narrow leaves. Small,
are purple-tinged when young. mid-green leaves. In summer, are borne on long stalks from late purplish-blue to blue flowers
Dense racemes of deep purple bears mauve-blue flowers spring to fall among round to oval, appear from mid-spring to early
flowers appear from early in compact, tapered, bright green leaves. summer and sometimes in fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
summer to mid-fall. terminal racemes. Used as a culinary herb.
157
AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z10–11 H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0 AD H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–11 H12–8 5ft
1.5m 0
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LAVENDERS
Lavandula is a popular genus of about 25 species of
aromatic shrubs and herbs that originate predominantly
from the Mediterranean region and northeast Africa,
and thrive in hot, dry, sunny sites. Most have linear
silver-gray foliage and produce erect spikes of fragrant L. x intermedia ‘Alba’ L. angustifolia LITTLE LOTTIE
(‘Clarmo’)
flowers in shades of white, pink, blue, or purple, depending
on the type. They are versatile plants, and can be used to
edge borders, paths, and hard landscaping, or against a
backdrop of stonework, as a dwarf hedge or informal divide,
or in association with roses for a typical “English style” effect.
They are also excellent plants for coastal areas, coping well
with salt-laden maritime breezes, and thrive in well-drained
soil; they will suffer if planted in shade or wet soil.
L. angustifolia ‘Miss Katherine’ L. ‘Willow Vale’ L. stoechas ‘Snowman’ L. angustifolia ‘Wendy Carlile’
L. pedunculata subsp. L. ‘Fathead’ L. ‘Regal Splendour’ L. stoechas f. rosea ‘Kew Red’ L. ‘Helmsdale’
pedunculata ‘James Compton’
L. angustifolia ‘Little Lady’ L. x chaytorae ‘Sawyers’
158
L. angustifolia ‘Loddon Blue’ L. angustifolia ‘Imperial Gem’ L. lanata L. angustifolia ‘Hidcote’
SMALL
SUMMER
BLUE YELLOW
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart’s Gold’

(Creeping blue blossom) Deciduous, compact shrub with
Evergreen, dense shrub that forms peeling bark and oval, lobed,
a mound of broad, glossy, dark golden-yellow leaves. Produces
green leaves. Racemes of blue clusters of shallowly cup-shaped,
flowers are borne in late white or pale pink flowers
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
spring and early summer. in late spring.
AD Z7–11 H10–3 5ft

1.5m 0 ADM Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0

Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’ Ruta graveolens ‘Jackman’s Blue’ Potentilla fruticosa ‘Vilmoriniana’
Deciduous, upright subshrub with (Common rue) Deciduous, upright shrub that bears
gray-white stems. Profuse spikes of Evergreen, bushy, compact pale yellow or creamy-white flowers
violet-blue flowers appear from late subshrub. Has aromatic, finely from late spring to mid fall. Leaves
summer to mid fall above aromatic, divided, blue foliage. In summer, are silver-gray and divided into
deeply cut, gray-green leaves. clusters of small, mustard-yellow narrow leaflets.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
flowers are borne.
AD Z6–8 H9–6 5ft

1.5m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–5 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0
Ceratostigma willmottianum Weigela middendorffiana Santolina pinnata Lupinus arboreus (Tree lupine)
Deciduous, open shrub. Has leaves Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub. subsp. neapolitana ‘Sulphurea’ Fast-growing, semievergreen,
that turn red in late fall and bright, From mid-spring to early summer Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub sprawling shrub that in early summer
rich blue flowers from late summer funnel-shaped, sulfur-yellow with aromatic, deeply cut, feathery, usually bears short spikes of fragrant,
until well into fall. flowers, spotted with orange gray-green foliage. Produces heads clear yellow flowers above hairy,
inside, are borne amid of pale primrose-yellow flowers pale green leaves composed of
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
bright green foliage. in mid-summer. 6–9 leaflets.
159
AD Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z5–7 H7–5 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H12–9 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z9–10 H10–9 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SUMMER
YELLOW
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Halimium ‘Susan’ Cytisus nigricans

‘Foliis Variegatis’ Evergreen, spreading shrub with Deciduous, upright shrub with dark
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with narrow, oval, gray-green leaves. green leaves composed of 3 leaflets. Has
bright green leaves edged with yellow. Numerous single or semidouble, a long-lasting display of tall, slender
Occasionally bears white or pink flowers bright yellow flowers with central, spires of yellow flowers during summer.
in summer–fall. deep purple-red markings are
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
borne in small clusters along
branches in summer.

1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0

Phygelius aequalis ‘Yellow Trumpet’ Potentilla fruticosa ‘Friedrichsenii’ Phlomis fruticosa (Jerusalem sage)
Evergreen or semievergreen, upright Vigorous, deciduous, upright Evergreen, spreading shrub with
subshrub. Bears clusters of pendent, shrub. From late spring to mid fall upright shoots. Whorls of deep
tubular, pale creamy-yellow flowers pale yellow flowers are produced golden-yellow flowers are produced
from mid-summer to early fall. amid gray-green leaves. amid sagelike, gray-green foliage
from early to mid-summer.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0
Potentilla fruticosa ‘Elizabeth’ Hypericum ‘Hidcote’ Berberis thunbergii ‘Aurea’ Genista hispanica (Spanish gorse)
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with Evergreen or semievergreen, bushy, Deciduous, bushy, spiny shrub with Deciduous, bushy, very spiny shrub
small, deeply divided leaves and large, dense shrub. Bears an abundance small, golden-yellow leaves. Racemes with few leaves. Bears dense clusters
bright yellow flowers that appear from of large, golden-yellow flowers from of small, red-tinged, pale yellow of golden-yellow flowers profusely in
late spring to mid-fall. mid-summer to early fall amid narrowly flowers in mid-spring are followed late spring and early summer.
oval, dark green leaves. by red berries in fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
160
AD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0
Brachyglottis Dunedin Group Hypericum calycinum (Aaron’s beard)

Evergreen, bushy shrub that forms a Evergreen or semievergreen dwarf
mound of silvery-gray, young leaves, shrub that makes good groundcover.
later turning dark green. Bears bright Has large, bright yellow flowers from
yellow flower heads on felted shoots mid-summer to mid-fall and dark
from early to mid-summer. green leaves.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
AD Z9–10 H10–9 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z5–9 H9–4 5ft
1.5m 0

Hypericum x inodorum ‘Elstead’ Hypericum kouytchense
Deciduous or semievergreen, upright Deciduous or semievergreen, arching
shrub. Abundant, small, yellow flowers shrub. Golden-yellow flowers with
borne from mid-summer to early fall conspicuous stamens are borne among
are followed by ornamental, orange- foliage from mid-summer to early
red fruits. Dark green leaves are fall and followed by decorative,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
aromatic when crushed. bronze-red fruit capsules.
AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z6–9 H9–6 5ft
1.5m 0
Grindelia chiloensis Brachyglottis monroi Coriaria terminalis var. xanthocarpa Halimium lasianthum

Mainly evergreen, bushy shrub with Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub that Deciduous, arching subshrub. subsp. formosum
sticky stems. Sticky, lance-shaped, makes an excellent windbreak in mild, Leaves have oval leaflets and turn Evergreen, spreading, bushy shrub.
serrated leaves are up to 5in (12cm) coastal areas. Has small, wavy-edged, red in fall. Greenish flowers in late Has gray-green foliage and golden-
long. Has large, daisylike, yellow dark green leaves with white undersides. spring are followed by decorative, yellow flowers, with central, deep
flower heads in summer. Bears heads of bright yellow succulent, yellow fruits in late red blotches, borne in late spring
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
flowers in mid-summer. summer and fall. and early summer.
161
AD Z11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–10 H10–9 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z9–11 H11–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
SUMMER FALL
ORANGE RED
Cytisus scoparius f. andreanus Potentilla fruticosa ‘Daydawn’ Berberis ‘Rubrostilla’

(Scotch broom) Deciduous, bushy, rather arching shrub. Deciduous, arching shrub. Globose
Deciduous, arching shrub with narrow, Creamy-yellow flowers, flushed with to cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
dark green leaves that are divided into orange-pink, appear among divided, appearing in early summer, are followed
3 leaflets. Bears a profusion of bright mid-green leaves from early summer by a profusion of large, coral-red fruits.
yellow-and-red flowers along to mid-fall. Gray-green leaves turn brilliant
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
elegant, green branchlets in red in late fall.
late spring and early summer.

1.5m 0 AD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0

Potentilla fruticosa ‘Sunset’ Mimulus aurantiacus

Deciduous shrub, bushy at first, later Evergreen, domed to rounded shrub
arching. Deep orange flowers, fading with sticky, lance-shaped, glossy, rich
in hot sun, appear from early summer green leaves. Has tubular, orange,
to mid-fall. Mid-green leaves are divided yellow or red-purple flowers from
into narrowly oval leaflets. late spring to fall.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
BD Z3–7 H7–1 5ft

1.5m 0 AD Z7–11 H11–7 5ft
1.5m 0
Abutilon ‘Kentish Belle’ Cuphea cyanea Myrica gale (Bog myrtle) Viburnum opulus ‘Compactum’
Semievergreen, arching shrub Evergreen, rounded subshrub with Deciduous, suckering shrub of dense Deciduous, dense shrub. Has deep
with purple shoots and deeply lobed, narrowly oval, sticky-haired leaves. habit. Produces narrowly oblong to green leaves, red in fall, and profuse
purple-veined, dark green leaves. Tubular flowers, orange-red, yellow rounded, highly aromatic, dark green white flowers in spring and early
Bears large, pendent, bell-shaped, and violet-blue, are carried in summer. leaves, with crinkled margins. Both summer, followed by bunches
orange-yellow and red flowers male and female flowers, borne of bright red berries.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
in summer–fall. in mid- and late spring, are
erect, golden brown catkins.
162
AD Z11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0 AD H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0 AFM Z1–6 H6–1 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z3–8 H8–1 5ft
1.5m 0
WINTER/ALL YEAR
WHITE
Vaccinium parvifolium
Deciduous, upright shrub. Has small,
dark green leaves that become bright
red in fall. Edible, bright red fruits are
produced after small, pinkish-white
flowers borne in late spring
5ft 1.5m
and early summer.
AEM Z5–8 H8–5 5ft

1.5m 0

Vaccinium angustifolium Skimmia japonica ‘Fructo Albo’
var. laevifolium (Lowbush blueberry) Evergreen, bushy, dense, dwarf shrub.
Deciduous, bushy shrub with bright Has aromatic, dark green leaves and
green leaves that redden in fall. Edible, dense clusters of small, white flowers
blue fruits follow white, sometimes from mid- to late spring, succeeded
pinkish, spring flowers. by white berries.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m

1.5m 0 BEt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0
Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Pioneer’ Fothergilla gardenii Gaultheria mucronata ‘Wintertime’ Lonicera x purpusii
Deciduous, upright, slightly arching Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has Semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub
shrub. Dark green leaves turn bright red Produces dense clusters of tiny, prickly, glossy, dark green leaves with oval, dark green leaves. Small
in fall. Small, white or pinkish flowers in fragrant, white flowers from mid- and white flowers in late spring and clusters of fragrant, short-tubed, white
late spring are followed by sweet, edible, to late spring, usually before early summer, followed by large, flowers, with spreading petal lobes and
blue-black berries. broadly oval, dark blue-green long-lasting, white berries. yellow anthers, appear in winter
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
leaves emerge. Leaves turn and early spring.
brilliant red in fall.
163
1.5m 0 AEM Z4–8 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0 BEMt Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0
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SMALL
WINTER/ALL YEAR
WHITE PINK RED
Sarcococca humilis Skimmia japonica ‘Rubella’

(Christmas box, sweet box) Evergreen, upright, dense shrub with
Evergreen, low, clump-forming shrub. aromatic, red-rimmed, bright green
Tiny, fragrant, white flowers with foliage. Deep red flower buds in fall
pink anthers appear amid glossy, and winter open to dense clusters of
dark green foliage in late winter small, white flowers in spring.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
and are followed by spherical,
black fruits.
BE Z6–9 H9–6 5ft

1.5m 0 BEt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0

Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’ Correa pulchella Skimmia japonica
Evergreen, clump-forming, suckering, Evergreen, bushy shrub with glossy, Evergreen, fairly bushy, slender- Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has
dense shrub with narrow, bright green dark green leaves narrowly edged stemmed shrub with oval leaves. aromatic, mid- to dark green leaves
leaves. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers, with yellow. Clusters of very fragrant, Small, pendent, tubular, rose-red and dense clusters of small, white
with pink anthers, open in winter deep purplish-pink and white flowers appear from summer to flowers from mid- to late spring,
and are followed by spherical, flowers appear from mid- winter, and sometimes in followed on female plants by
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
black fruits. winter to early spring. other seasons. bright red fruits if plants of
both sexes are grown.
BE Z6–9 H9–6 5ft

1.5m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0 ADM Z11 H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0 BEt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0
Vinca major ‘Variegata’ Gaultheria mucronata Skimmia japonica subsp. reevesiana Pittosporum tenuifolium
(Greater periwinkle) ‘Mulberry Wine’ ‘Robert Fortune’ ‘Tom Thumb’
Evergreen, prostrate, arching, Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with Evergreen, bushy, rather weak-growing Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with
spreading subshrub. Has bright large, globose, magenta berries that shrub with aromatic leaves. Small, pale green, young leaves that contrast
green leaves broadly edged with mature to deep purple. These follow white flowers in spring are followed with deep reddish-brown, older foliage.
creamy-white and large, bright white flowers borne in spring– by crimson berries. Bears cup-shaped, purplish
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
blue flowers borne from late summer. Leaves are glossy, flowers in summer.
spring to early fall. dark green.
164
BEt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0 BEMt Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0 BEt Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–9 5ft
1.5m 0
GRAY GREEN
Ribes laurifolium Vinca minor (Lesser periwinkle) Artemisia abrotanum

Evergreen, spreading shrub. Has Evergreen, prostrate, spreading (Southernwood, Old man)
leathery, deep green leaves and pendent subshrub that forms extensive mats Deciduous or semievergreen,
racemes of greenish-yellow flowers in of small, glossy, dark green leaves. moderately bushy shrub. Aromatic,
late winter and early spring. Produces Bears small, purple, blue or white gray-green leaves have many very
edible, black berries on female flowers, mainly from mid-spring slender lobes. Has clusters of
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
plants if plants of both sexes to early summer. small, yellowish flower heads
are grown. in late summer.
AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft

1.5m 0 BEt Z4–9 H9–1 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z5–8 H8–5 5ft
1.5m 0

Helichrysum petiolare ‘Variegatum’ Viburnum davidii Chamaerops humilis Hebe cupressoides
Evergreen shrub forming mounds of Evergreen shrub that forms a dome (Dwarf fan palm, European fan palm) Evergreen, upright, dense shrub with
silver-green shoots and gray-felted of dark green foliage, over which Slow-growing, evergreen palm, cypress-like, gray-green foliage. On
leaves, variegated cream. Has creamy- heads of small, white flowers appear suckering with age. Fan-shaped leaves, mature plants tiny, pale lilac flowers
yellow flower heads in summer. in late spring. If plants of both sexes 2–3ft (60–90cm) across, have green are borne from early to mid-summer.
Often grown as an annual for are grown, female plants bear to gray-green lobes. Has tiny,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
groundcover and edging. decorative, metallic-blue fruits. yellow flowers in summer.
AD Z10–11 H11–1 5ft

1.5m 0 ADt Z7–9 H9–3 5ft
1.5m 0 AD H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0
Artemisia arborescens (Wormwood) Ballota acetabulosa Vaccinium glaucoalbum Eurya emarginata

Evergreen, upright shrub, grown for its Evergreen subshrub that forms a mound Evergreen shrub with deep green leaves Slow-growing, evergreen, densely
finely cut, silvery-white foliage. Heads of of rounded, gray-green leaves, felted that, when young, are pale green above, branched, rounded shrub with small,
small, bright yellow flowers are borne in beneath. Whorls of small, pink flowers bluish-white beneath. Pink-tinged, white leathery, deep green leaves. Small,
summer and early fall. open from mid- to late summer. flowers in late spring and early summer greenish-white flowers in late spring
are followed by white-bloomed, or summer are followed by tiny,
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
blue-black fruits. purple-black berries.
165
AD Z5–9 H9–5 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z8–9 H9–8 5ft
1.5m 0 BEM Z9–11 H12–10 5ft
1.5m 0 AD Z9–11 H11–10 5ft
1.5m 0
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HEATHERS
As a group, heathers (or heaths) are remarkable in that
species and cultivars are available to provide interest at
all times of the year. Several are grown for their golden
foliage, which often turns a deep burnt orange in winter,
while others flower for a long period during summer, E. arborea var. alpina E. x darleyensis ‘White
[win–spr] Perfection’ [win–spr]
fall, or winter. Flowers come in a variety of hues, and
are occasionally bicolored. In habit, heathers vary from
tree-heaths of up to 20ft (6m) to dwarf, prostrate forms,
many of which are excellent as groundcover. There are
three genera: Calluna, Daboecia, and Erica. All Calluna and
Daboecia cultivars and most Erica species must be grown
in acidic soil, but otherwise heathers require little attention.
Main seasons of interest are given for each plant.
E. ciliaris ‘David McClintock’ E. carnea ‘Springwood White’

[sum] [win–spr]
E. carnea ‘Challenger’ E. x darleyensis ‘Furzey’ D. cantabrica ‘Bicolor’ [spr–fall] E. erigena f. alba ‘Brian
[win–spr] [win–spr] Proudley’ [win–spr]
E. vagans ‘Birch Glow’ [sum] E. cinerea ‘C.D. Eason’ [sum] E. vagans ‘Mrs. D.F. Maxwell’ E. x darleyensis ‘Arthur E. carnea ‘Golden Starlet’
[sum] Johnson’ [win–spr] [all year]
C. vulgaris ‘Wickwar Flame’ E. vagans ‘St. Keverne’ [sum] E. cinerea ‘Eden Valley’ [sum] C. vulgaris ‘Beoley Gold’
[all year] [all year]
E. carnea ‘Ann Sparkes’ E. erigena ‘Irish Dusk’ C. vulgaris ‘Dark Star’

[win–spr] [win–spr] [sum–fall]
166
E. ciliaris ‘Corfe Castle’ [sum] C. vulgaris ‘Annemarie’ [sum–fall] C. vulgaris ‘Peter Sparkes’ [sum-fall] C. vulgaris ‘Tib’ [sum]
SMALL
WINTER/ALL YEAR
GREEN YELLOW
Buxus microphylla ‘Green Pillow’ Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’ Leucothöe fontanesiana ‘Rainbow’ Lonicera nitida ‘Baggesen’s Gold’
Evergreen, compact, dwarf shrub, Evergreen, dwarf shrub that forms Evergreen, arching shrub with sharply Evergreen, bushy shrub with long,
forming a dense, rounded mass of a tight, dense mass of oval, bright toothed, leathery, dark green leaves arching shoots covered with tiny,
small, oval, dark green leaves. Bears green leaves. Bears insignificant that age from pink- to cream-variegated. bright yellow leaves. Insignificant,
insignificant flowers in late spring flowers in late spring or early Racemes of white flowers open below yellowish-green flowers in
or early summer. summer. Trimmed to about shoots in spring. mid-spring are occasionally
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
6in (15cm) is used for edging. followed by mauve fruits.

1.5m 0 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 5ft
1.5m 0 BEMt Z5–8 H8–3 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z6–9 H9–5 5ft
1.5m 0

Ruscus hypoglossum
Evergreen, clump-forming shrub with
arching shoots. Pointed, glossy, bright
green "leaves" are actually flattened
shoots that bear tiny, yellow flowers
in spring, followed by large,
5ft 1.5m
bright red berries.
AD Z7–9 H9–7 5ft

1.5m 0
Lonicera pileata Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher’s broom) Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald ’n’ Gold’
Evergreen, low, spreading, dense Evergreen, erect, thicket-forming Evergreen, bushy shrub with bright
shrub with narrow, dark green leaves shrub with spine-tipped, glossy, dark green leaves, margined with bright
and tiny, short-tubed, creamy-white green “leaves.” Tiny, star-shaped, green yellow and tinged with pink in winter.
flowers in late spring, followed by flowers in spring are followed by large,
violet-purple berries. Makes spherical, bright red fruits.
5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m
good groundcover.
167
BDt Z5–9 H9–5 5ft
1.5m 0 BE Z7–9 H9–7 5ft
1.5m 0 ADt Z5–9 H9–2 5ft
1.5m 0
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ROSES
These most romantic of flowers are unsurpassed in beauty and
fragrance, and many people consider them indispensable
features of the garden. With some 150 species and thousands
of cultivars, both ancient and modern, there is a rose to suit
almost any situation. They come from a wide range of habitats
throughout the Northern Hemisphere and, with a few exceptions,
most roses in cultivation are very hardy. They are also extremely
versatile, and can be grown among bulbs, perennials, and other
shrubs in a mixed border or in a more traditional formal rose
garden. Climbing and rambling roses can be trained over
arches, arbors, and pergolas, creating a blanket of scented
blooms and beautiful foliage; or, if you have a small garden,
you can plant a patio rose or two in a container.
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ROSES
Prized for their beauty and fragrance, roses are considered the most
romantic of flowers. They are indispensable in informal mixed planting
schemes, and add an elegant note to formal parterres. With thousands
of colors and forms to choose from, there is a rose for every garden.
Growing roses of nutrients to perform well, and benefit Ornamental features

With some 150 species and thousands of from an annual application of all-purpose Roses embrace almost every color of the
cultivars, both ancient and modern, there granular fertilizer in the spring. spectrum, apart from true blue, and some
are members of the genus Rosa to suit an have a strong fragrance, such as the heady,
enormous number of garden situations. Year-round interest sweet scent of the Damasks or musk and
They come from a wide range of habitats Although some roses, notably the climbers spicy fragrances of many modern roses.
throughout the Northern Hemisphere and, and species, bloom for a relatively short A few also have ornamental thorns, notably
with few exceptions, most roses are very period, many hybrids are repeat-flowering, R. sericea subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha,
hardy. Many modern roses combine the providing a colorful display throughout with large, triangular thorns that glow
best qualities of old roses, such as flower the summer. ‘Frühlingsmorgen’ offers blood red when they are backlit.
shape and scent, with disease resistance the first flush of flowers in early summer, Foliage can also provide interest. The
and extended flowering seasons. followed by the main flourish from mid- soft gray-purple leaves of R. glauca and
When grown in a suitable site and soil, summer to the first frost. To help maintain blue-green of the Alba roses provide
they will repay you with a profusion of this display, deadhead your roses regularly, attractive foils for crimson and purple
blooms. All roses prefer an open, sunny as this redirects the plant’s energy from flowers, while foliage textures, ranging
site in fertile, humus-rich, moist but well- seed formation to flower production. from glossy to matt, and delicate fernlike
drained soil. However, avoid planting them However, if you want attractive fruits (hips) to robustly wrinkled, as in R. rugosa,
in an area where roses have been grown in the fall, leave the blooms to fade. The best create beautiful contrasts.
before because the soil may be affected roses for hips include the Rugosa’s tomato-
by “rose sickness,” caused by a buildup of like fruit, the flask-shaped, vibrant scarlet Designing with roses

harmful soil organisms, and plants may fail fruits of R. moyesii, and the rounded, black Roses have a diversity of habits, each
to thrive. Roses also require a good supply hips of R. pimpinellifolia. of which can be used to create exciting
designs. These include mound-forming
groundcover roses, densely thorny
Gallicas, and the arching Chinas and
Damasks. A traditional rose garden laid
out in a formal style with geometrically
ordered beds is particularly suited to
the upright growth of many bush roses.
ABOVE Container roses

Some roses have been bred specifically for containers,
such as the patio rose REGENSBURG . Partner them with
trailing annuals, such as Sutera cordata (syn. Bacopa).
LEFT Formal dressing

Here, a sturdy arch clothed with clematis and a
vigorous, free-flowering rambler lends height to
170 the scheme and forms a perfect frame to draw the
eye to the sculpture used as a focal point.
RIGHT Summer bedfellows
Alliums, bearded irises, campanulas, and verbascums
provide perfect companions to a profusion of scented
roses in a pink-and-blue-themed summer border.
Regular deadheading will prolong the show.
In contemporary schemes, shrub roses

are often grown among bulbs, perennials,
and other shrubs in a mixed border, but
when designing these displays, make sure
that neighboring plants do not compete
directly for moisture and nutrients. Choose
companions that are shallow-rooted, such as
the many herbaceous geraniums and pinks
(Dianthus cultivars), or space plants at a
sufficient distance to allow for mulching
and fertilizing around the rose’s root zone.
Climbing and rambling roses can be
trained on a wall as a colorful backdrop,
or on a trellis to form a screen. In addition,
they provide a cloak of flowers and foliage
when grown on arches and over arbors,
and make focal points on freestanding
features like tripods and pyramids. Large
rampant ramblers, such as R. ‘Bobbie
James’ and R. ‘Seagull’, which both can dense, thorny shrub roses, such as the sunny and inaccessible banks, since most
achieve 30ft (10m) or more, will quickly Rugosa roses, also make decorative require little regular pruning.
scramble through a tree, offering a structural features. Use them to create Not all roses will thrive in containers,
profusion of blooms just after most tree large impenetrable boundary hedges that but smaller patio roses such as R. ANNA
blossoms have faded. give privacy and security, or to divide up FORD and R. REGENSBERG are a good choice,

Many climbing roses are available as a garden into compartments. Vigorous while dwarf trailing or spreading cultivars
weeping standards too. Tall cultivars of groundcover roses are ideal for clothing are suitable for hanging baskets.
PRUNING BUSH AND SHRUB ROSES
Modern hybrid tea and floribunda roses, which are commonly grown methodical way has other horticultural advantages, helping to control
in gardens, need hard pruning in late winter or early spring to attacks from fungal diseases such as black spot, to which roses are
encourage the production of new flowering shoots. Shrub roses particularly susceptible, by removing infected wood. Before pruning,
require a more gentle pruning regimen. Roses also benefit from a use a household disinfectant to clean your pruners, and apply it again
light pruning in fall to prevent stems from blowing in the wind and before tackling each new plant to prevent the spread of disease. Also
rocking the plant, which may result in root damage. Pruning in a make sure your pruners are sharp, as clean cuts heal more quickly.
Pruning floribunda roses Pruning hybrid tea roses Pruning shrub and species roses
Also known as cluster-flowered roses, floribundas These are large-flowered roses, and include some These usually flower once on wood made in
produce flushes of blooms through summer and varieties that repeat bloom, although they produce previous years, so prune lightly in early spring.
early fall. In early spring, remove dead, diseased, just one flower per stem. In late winter or early spring, Remove dead, damaged, or diseased wood, and
and crossing stems. Prune the other stems to cut the oldest stems to the ground, and shorten thin out congested growth to improve air flow.
outward-facing buds 8–12in (20–30cm) from the remainder to 6in (15cm) from the base. Leave Also cut some of the oldest stems to the ground.
the ground using sloping cuts. Aim to leave a three to five strong young stems after pruning, and Cut main stems back by a quarter and slightly
framework of 8 to 10 strong, healthy stems. angle cuts to allow water to drain off the buds. reduce side shoots by an inch or two.
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SHRUB AND OLD GARDEN ROSES
WHITE
ROSE CATEGORIES FLOWER SHAPES

With the mass hybridization that has occurred
Grown for the extraordinary beauty of their flowers, in recent years, roses have been developed
roses have been in cultivation for hundreds of years. to produce plants with a wide variety of
They have been widely hybridized, producing a vast characteristics, in particular different forms
number of shrubs suitable for growing as specimen of flowers, often with a strong fragrance. These
plants, in the border, as hedges, and as climbers flower types, illustrated below, give a general
for training on walls, arbors, and pillars. Roses are indication of the shape of the flower in its perfect
classified into three main groups: state (which in some cases may be before it has
opened fully). Growing conditions may affect the
form of the flower. Flowers may be single (4–7
SPECIES petals), semidouble (8–14 petals), double (15–30
Species, or wild, roses and species hybrids, which
petals), or fully double (over 30 petals).
share most of the characteristics of the parent species,
bear flowers generally in one flush in summer and R. ‘Penelope’
hips in fall. Dense, bushy shrub rose with good
disease resistance and plentiful, dark
Old Garden roses green foliage. Bears clusters of many
Flat—open, usually single
Alba—large, freely branching roses with clusters scented, cupped, double, pink-cream
or semidouble flowers have
of flowers in mid-summer and abundant, grayish- flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in a single
petals that are almost flat.
green foliage. flush in summer. H and S 3ft (1m) ,
Bourbon—open, remontant shrub roses that may be more if lightly pruned.
trained to climb. Flowers are borne, often 3 to a cluster,
in summer–fall.
Cupped—open, single to fully
AD Z6–9 H9–6
China—remontant shrubs with flowers borne singly
double flowers have petals
or in clusters in summer–fall.
curving outward gently from
Damask—open shrubs bearing loose clusters of usually
the center.
very fragrant flowers, mainly in summer.
Gallica—fairly dense shrubs producing richly colored
flowers, often 3 to a cluster, in the summer months.
Hybrid Perpetual—vigorous, remontant shrubs with
Pointed—elegant, “Hybrid Tea”
flowers borne singly or in 3s in summer–fall.

shape; semidouble to fully

Moss—often lax shrubs with a furry, mosslike growth
double flowers have high,
on stems and calyx, and flowers in summer.
tight centers.
Noisette—remontant climbing roses that bear large
clusters of flowers, with a slight spicy fragrance, in
summer–fall.
Portland—upright, rather dense, remontant shrubs
Urn-shaped—classic, curved,
bearing loose clusters of flowers in summer–fall.
flat-topped, semidouble
Provence (Centifolia)—lax, thorny shrubs bearing
to fully double flowers are R. ‘Madame Hardy’
scented flowers in summer.
of “Hybrid Tea” type. Vigorous, upright Damask rose with
Sempervirens—semievergreen climbing roses that
good disease resistance. Plentiful,
bear numerous flowers in late summer.
leathery, matt leaves. Richly fragrant,
Tea—remontant shrubs and climbers with elegant,
quartered-rosette, fully double flowers,
pointed buds that open to loose flowers with a
Rounded—usually double 4in (10cm) across, white with green eyes,
spicy fragrance.
or fully double flowers have are borne in a single flush in summer.
even-sized, overlapping petals H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
Modern Garden roses
that form a bowl-shaped or
Shrub—a diverse group, illustrated here with the Old
Garden roses because of their similar characteristics.
rounded outline. AD Z4–9 H9–1
Most are remontant and are larger than bush roses,
with flowers borne singly or in sprays in summer
and/or fall.
Rosette—usually double or
Large-flowered bush (Hybrid Tea)—remontant shrubs
fully double flowers are rather
with large flowers borne in summer–fall.
flat with many confused,
Cluster-flowered bush (Floribunda)—remontant
slightly overlapping petals
shrubs with usually large sprays of flowers in
of uneven size.
summer–fall.
Dwarf clustered-flowered bush (Patio)—neat,
remontant shrubs with sprays of flowers borne
in summer–fall.
Quartered-rosette—rather flat,
Miniature bush—very small, remontant shrubs with
usually double or fully double
sprays of tiny flowers in summer–fall.
flowers have confused petals
Polyantha—tough, compact, remontant shrubs with
of uneven size arranged in a
many small flowers in summer–fall.
quartered pattern.
Groundcover—trailing and spreading roses, some R. JACQUELINE DU PRE (‘Harwanna’)
flowering in summer only, others remontant, flowering Compact, bushy shrub rose with good
in summer–fall. disease resistance and repeat-flowering
Climbing—vigorous climbing roses, diverse in growth in summer–fall. Bears semidouble,
Pompon—small, rounded,
and flower, some flowering in summer only, others red-stamened, white flowers, 10cm (4in)
double or fully double flowers,
remontant, flowering in summer–fall. across, often with a pink blush and a
usually borne in clusters, have
Rambler—vigorous climbing roses with flexible stems strong musk perfume. Has glossy, dark
masses of small petals.
that bear clusters of flowers mostly in summer. green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
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ADZ5–9 H9–5
PINK
R. ‘Fantin-Latour’ R. ‘Céleste’
Vigorous, shrubby Provence rose with Vigorous, spreading, bushy Alba
good disease resistance. Flowers appear rose with good disease resistance.
in a single flush in summer and are Fragrant, cupped, double, light pink
fragrant, cupped to flat, fully double, flowers, 3in (8cm) across, appear in
blush-pink, with neat, green button eyes, a single flush in summer. Makes a
and 4in (10cm) across. Has broad, dark good hedge. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z3–9 H9–1

R. ‘Dupontii’ (Snowbush rose) R. ‘Great Maiden’s Blush’ R. ‘Marguerite Hilling’
Upright, bushy shrub rose with very Vigorous, upright Alba rose with good Dense, arching shrub rose with good
good disease resistance and abundant, disease resistance. Very fragrant, rosette, disease resistance. Many scented, flat,
grayish foliage. Clusters of fragrant, fully double, pinkish-white flowers, semidouble, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm)
flat, single, white flowers, tinged with 3in (8cm) across, appear in a single flush across, are borne in a single flush
blush-pink, 2½in (6cm) across, are in summer. H 6ft (2m), S 4½ft (1.3m). in summer. Has light green foliage.
borne in a single flush in summer. H and S 7ft (2.2m).
H and S 7ft (2.2m).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1
R. ‘Nevada’ R. ‘Sally Holmes’ R. ‘Felicia’ R. ‘Reine Victoria’

Dense, arching shrub rose with Bushy shrub rose with good disease Vigorous shrub rose with good disease Lax Bourbon rose with good disease
very good disease resistance and resistance and prolific, glossy, deep resistance and abundant, healthy, resistance, slender stems and light
abundant, light green leaves. Scented, green leaves. Substantial clusters of grayish-green foliage. Scented, cupped, green leaves. Sweetly scented, rosette,
flat, semidouble, creamy-white flowers, slightly scented, single, white flowers, double flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are double flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in
4in (10cm) across, are borne in a single 6in (15cm) across, with pink-peach buds, light pink, tinged with apricot, and shades of pink, are borne in a single
flush in summer. H and S 7ft (2.2m). are borne in summer and again in fall. are borne in a single flush in summer. flush in summer. Grows well on a pillar.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). H 5ft (1.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m).
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AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z5–9 H9–3 AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z6–9 H9–6
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PINK
R. ALISSAR PRINCESS OF PHOENICIA R. x odorata ‘Mutabilis’ R. ‘Mrs. John Laing’ R. x odorata ‘Pallida’
(‘Harsidon’) Open species rose with coppery young Bushy Hybrid Perpetual rose with (Old blush china, Parson’s pink china)
Compact, upright, sturdy shrub rose foliage and good disease resistance. good disease resistance and plentiful, Bushy China rose with good disease
with good disease resistance. Red Bears shallowly cup-shaped, single, light green foliage. Produces many resistance that may be trained as a
leaves mature green. Slightly scented, buff-yellow flowers, 2½in (6cm) across, richly fragrant, rounded, fully double, climber on a sheltered wall. Cupped,
flat, semidouble, dark-eyed, pink flowers, in a single flush in summer, that age to pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in a double, pink flowers, 2½in (6cm) across,
4in (10cm) across, open summer and fall. coppery-pink or -crimson. H and S 3ft single flush in summer. H 3ft (1m), open in a single flush in summer.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm). (1m), to 6ft (2m) against a wall. S 2½ft (80cm). H 3ft (1m), S 2½ft (80cm) or more.
ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z7–9 H9–7

R. CONSTANCE SPRY (‘Austance’) R. gallica var. officinalis ‘Versicolor’

Shrub rose of arching habit and good (Rosa mundi)
disease resistance that will climb if Neat, bushy Gallica rose with good
supported. Cupped, fully double, pink disease resistance. In a single flush in
flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with a spicy summer produces striking, slightly
scent, are borne in a single flush in scented, flat, semidouble flowers, 2in
summer. Leaves are large and plentiful. (5cm) across, very pale blush-pink with
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). crimson stripes. H 2½ft (75cm), S 3ft (1m).
AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z3–9 H9–1
R. ‘Complicata’ R. STRAWBERRY HILL (‘Ausrimini’) R. ‘Madame Isaac Pereire’

Very vigorous Gallica rose with good Bushy shrub rose with very good Vigorous, arching Bourbon rose
disease resistance and thorny, arching disease resistance. Has plentiful, glossy, with good disease resistance. Fragrant,
growth. Useful as a large hedge. Slightly mid-green leaves. Rosette, fully double, cupped to quartered-rosette, fully
fragrant, cupped, single flowers, 4½in rich-pink flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with double flowers, 6in (15cm) across, are
(11cm) across, are pink with pale centers a strong myrrh scent, summer and fall. deep purplish-pink and are produced
and appear in a single flush in summer. The flowers fade with age. H 5ft (1.5m), in a single flush in summer. H 7ft (2.2m),
H 7ft (2.2m), S 8ft (2.5m). S 4ft (1.2m). S 6ft (2m).
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AD Z4–9 H9–1 ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z6–9 H9–6
RED PURPLE
R. BENJAMIN BRITTEN (‘Ausencart’) R. CARDINAL HUME (‘Harregale’) R. ‘Cardinal de Richelieu’

Willowy shrub rose with very good Bushy, spreading shrub rose with good Vigorous, compact Gallica rose with
disease resistance, an open habit and disease resistance. Cupped, fully double, good disease resistance and plentiful,
large, matt-green leaves. Fully double, reddish-purple flowers, 3in (7.5cm) dark green foliage. Bears fragrant,
cupped, red flowers, 5in (12cm) across, across, are borne in dense clusters in rounded, fully double, deep burgundy-
with hints of scarlet and a strong fruity summer and again in fall, and have a purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in
scent, open summer and fall. H 6ft (2m), musky scent. H and S 3ft (1m). a single flush in summer. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 5ft (1.5m). S 3ft (1m).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z3–9 H9–1

R. GERTRUDE JEKYLL (‘Ausbord’) R. RHAPSODY IN BLUE (‘Frantasia’)
Upright shrub rose with good disease Upright shrub rose with good disease
resistance and broad, matt, mid-green, resistance and large, light green leaves.
well-spaced leaves. Plump, rounded Cupped, semidouble, purple flowers,
buds open into rosette, fully double, 5in (12cm) across, with white eyes,
deep pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, yellow stamens and a pungent, spicy
with a rich sweet-myrrh scent, summer perfume, summer and fall. H 6ft (1.8m),
and fall. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). S 4ft (1.2m).
AD Z5–9 H9–1 ADZ5–9 H9–5
R. ‘Roseraie de l’Haÿ’ R. ‘Henri Martin’ R. ‘William Lobb’

Vigorous, dense shrub rose with very Vigorous, upright Moss rose with good Moss rose with good disease resistance
good disease resistance. Bears many disease resistance. Rosette, double, and strong, arching, prickly stems. Will
strongly scented, cupped to flat, double, purplish-crimson flowers, 3½in (9cm) climb if supported. In a single flush in
reddish-purple flowers, 4½in (11cm) across, appear in a single flush in summer bears rosette, double, deep
across, in summer and again in fall. summer and have a light scent and some purplish-crimson flowers, 3½in (9cm)
Light green leaves are abundant. furry, green “mossing” of the calyces across, that fade to lilac-gray.
H 7ft (2.2m), S 6ft (2m). underneath. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). H and S 6ft (2m).
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AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1
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HIPS AND THORNS YELLOW

Roses have beautiful features that create interest for many
months of the year. Although most are grown for their
spectacular flowers, many also produce decorative hips
that provide glowing fall and winter color, offer birds
a valuable source of food, and paint a stunning picture
in frost and snow. Fertilized flowers produce the hips,
so avoid deadheading the blooms, as this will also remove
the fruit. Thorns are another attractive feature on some
species. For example, the winger thorn rose (R. sericea
subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha) has translucent thorns,
while the fine prickly thorns of moss roses look furry,
adding to their attraction. Prune these roses hard to
ensure a supply of young, thorny wood.
R. roxburghii
R. multibracteata
R. THE PILGRIM (‘Auswalker’)
Bushy shrub rose with very good disease
resistance. Produces rosette, fully double,
creamy-white flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with rich yellow centers and a strong,
sweet perfume, in summer and again
in fall. Has glossy, dark green leaves.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
ADZ5–9 H9–5
R. sericea subsp. omeiensis R. rubiginosa R. glauca
f. pteracantha
R. TEASING GEORGIA (‘Ausbaker’) R. GRAHAM THOMAS (‘Ausmas’)

Upright, lax, shrub rose with good Vigorous, arching shrub rose with
disease resistance. Produces dark good disease resistance. Lax in habit,
green leaves with a deep sheen. Slightly with glossy, bright green leaves. In
scented, rosette, fully double, pale summer, and again in fall, bears cupped,
yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with fully double, yellow flowers, 4½in (11cm)
deeper centers, open summer and fall. across, with some scent. H 4ft (1.2m),
H 6ft (1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). S 5ft (1.5m).
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ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–1
R. rugosa R. moyesii ‘Geranium’
MODERN ROSES
ORANGE WHITE
R. ‘Buff Beauty’ R. ICEBERG (‘Korbin’)

Dense, rounded Hybrid musk rose Floribunda bush rose with moderate
with good disease resistance. Masses disease resistance, repeat-flowering
of cupped, double, apricot-yellow to summer–fall. Produces many sprays
buff-yellow flowers, 3in (7cm) across, of cupped, fully double, white flowers,
with a light musk scent, open in a single 3in (7cm) across. Has abundant, glossy
summer flush. Has glossy, mid-green leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 26in (65cm)
leaves. H and S 4ft (1.2m). or more.
AD Z5–9 H10–6 AD Z5–9 H9–5

R. EVELYN (‘Aussaucer’) R. KENT (‘Poulcov’) R. MARGARET MERRIL (‘Harkuly’)
Slightly lax, arching shrub rose with Dense groundcover rose with very Upright, Floribunda bush rose with
good disease resistance and large, good disease resistance and glossy, moderate disease resistance. Very
mid-green leaves. Bears strongly mid-green leaves. Produces large fragrant, double, blush-white or white
scented, rosette, fully double flowers, clusters of flat, semidouble, pure flowers, are well-formed, urn-shaped,
5in (12cm) across, peach with hints of white flowers, 2in (5cm) across. 4in (10cm) across, and are borne singly
pastel pink and lemon, in summer and Repeat-flowering, summer–fall. or in clusters in summer and again
fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm). in fall. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. SUMMER SONG (‘Austango’) R. ISN’T SHE LOVELY (‘Diciluvit’) R. CHAMPAGNE MOMENTS (‘Korvanaber’) R. SILVER ANNIVERSARY (‘Poulari’)
Upright shrub rose with very good Upright Hybrid Tea rose with good Vigorous Floribunda rose with very Vigorous Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and large, matt, disease resistance and semi-glossy, good disease resistance, repeat- disease resistance and slightly scented,
mid-green leaves. Produces quartered- green leaves. Pointed, fully double, pale flowering summer–fall. Produces pointed, double, almost pure white
rosette, fully double, burnt-orange white-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, clustered slightly scented, double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, produced
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, scented with creamy-peach centers and a fruity flowers, 3in (7cm) across, cream to in summer and again in fall. Leaves
with traces of banana, summer and scent, are borne in summer and fall. golden-amber. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). are mid-green and semi-glossy.
fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).
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ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5
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MODERN ROSES
PINK
R. MAID OF HONOUR (‘Jacwhink’) R. ‘The Fairy’ R. PAUL SHIRVILLE (‘Harqueterwife’) R. ‘Queen Elizabeth’
Bushy patio rose with very good Dense, cushion-forming, dwarf Spreading, Hybrid Tea bush rose with Upright, Floribunda bush rose with
disease resistance. Produces dense, cluster-flowered bush rose with good moderate disease resistance. Bears moderate disease resistance. Bears
small, glossy, leaves and abundant, disease resistance and abundant, small, fragrant, pointed, fully double, rosy long-stemmed, fully double, pink
flat, single flowers, 1¼in (3cm) across, glossy leaves. Rosette, double, pink salmon-pink flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly or
with pink and white petals, and bright flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, are borne in summer and again in fall. Leaves in clusters, summer and fall. Leaves
yellow stamens. Repeat-flowering, freely in a single flush in summer. are glossy, reddish and abundant. are large and leathery. H 5ft (1.5m),
summer–fall. H and S 32in (80cm). H and S 24in (60cm). H and S 30in (75cm). S 2½ft (75cm) or more if not pruned hard.

R. MANY HAPPY RETURNS (‘Harwanted’) R. APHRODITE (‘Tanetidor’)

Spreading Floribunda rose with good Sturdy Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and semi-glossy, disease resistance and large, glossy,
light green leaves. In summer and fall dark green leaves. Slightly scented,
it bears big clusters of slightly fragrant, rounded, fully double, pale pink
cupped, semidouble, light pink flowers, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with dense,
3in (7cm) across. H and S 32in (80cm). darker centers, open summer and fall.
H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–1 AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. CHANDOS BEAUTY (‘Harmisty’) R. SUSAN DANIEL (‘Harlibra’) R. SAVOY HOTEL (‘Harvintage’)

Extremely vigorous Hybrid Tea rose Vigorous Floribunda rose with very Spreading Hybrid Tea rose with good
with good disease resistance. Produces good disease resistance and repeat- disease resistance and matt, mid-green
a strong, classic Tea-rose scent, from flowering in summer–fall. Has glossy, leaves. Long-lasting, pointed, fully
pointed, fully double, light pink flowers, dark green leaves. Bears cupped, double, double, pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
5in (12cm) across. Has tough, glossy, apricot flowers, to 10cm (4in) across, often with green on the outer petals,
green leaves. Repeats summer–fall. with creamy-white flashes. Scent is spicy open summer and fall. H 4ft (1.2m),
H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). but mild. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). S 3ft (1m).
178
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–1
R. MEREDITH (‘Wekmeredoc’) R. GORDON’S COLLEGE (‘Cocjabby’)

Sturdy Hybrid Tea rose with good Vigorous Floribunda rose with
disease resistance. Pointed, double, good disease resistance and matt,
pale pink flowers, to 5in (12cm) dark green leaves. Strongly scented,
across, with a strong, sweet scent, urn-shaped, deep salmon-pink flowers,
are produced summer and fall. 4in (10cm) across, are borne in small
H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm). clusters in summer and again in fall.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5

R. BELMONTE (‘Harpearl’) R. WARM WISHES (‘Fryxotic’) R. FLOWER CARPET (‘Noatraum’)
Vigorous Floribunda rose with very Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with very good Spreading groundcover rose with
good resistance and large, semi-glossy, disease resistance and matt, mid-green good disease resistance. Forms a dense,
mid-green leaves. Pointed, double, leaves. Pointed, fully double, coral-pink prostrate mound of small, glossy, green
pearl-pink flowers, darker in the center, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer leaves. Cupped, semidouble, fuchsia-pink
4in (10cm) across, with a strong, fruity and again in fall, mature to rose-pink. flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne in
perfume, open summer and fall. Floral scent is slight spice and myrrh. summer and again in fall. H 18in (45cm),
H 3½ft (1.1m), S 32in (80cm). H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). S 4ft (1.2m).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. JOIE DE VIVRE (‘Korfloci 01’) R. SWEET DREAM (‘Fryminicot’) R. NOSTALGIA (‘Taneiglat’) R. CRAZY FOR YOU (‘Wekroalt’)
Compact, well-branched, bushy Bushy Patio rose with good disease Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with good Sturdy, branching Floribunda rose with
Floribunda rose with very good disease resistance. Produces slightly scented, disease resistance and large, dark good disease resistance and emerald
resistance and dense, mid-green leaves. rounded, double flowers, 2in (5cm) green leaves. Pointed, fully double, leaves. Summer and fall, produces
Scented, quartered-rosette, double, pink across, apricot-peach, summer and creamy-white flowers, 5in (12cm) cupped, semidouble, cream flowers,
to light apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) across, fall. Has small, mid-green leaves. across, with pink-edged outer petals, 4in (10cm) across, splashed with cherry
open summer and fall. H 36in (90cm), Ideal in a pot or planter. H 18in (45cm), open summer and fall. The flowers flecks, and with a light, fruity perfume.
S 24in (60cm). S 12in (30cm). age to red. H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm). H 5ft (1.5m), S 3½ft (1.1m).
179
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MODERN ROSES
PINK RED
R. DOUBLE DELIGHT (‘Andeli’) R. ANNA FORD (‘Harpiccolo’) R. ROYAL WILLIAM (‘Korzaun’)

Hybrid Tea bush rose of upright, Dwarf cluster-flowered bush rose Vigorous, Hybrid Tea bush rose with
uneven growth with good disease with good disease resistance. Has good disease resistance and large, dark
resistance. Fragrant, rounded, fully urn-shaped (opening flat), double, green leaves. Slightly scented, pointed,
double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are orange-red flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, fully double, deep crimson flowers,
creamy-white, edged with red, and borne in summer and again in fall, 5in (12cm) across, are carried on long
are borne in summer and again in fall. and many small, dark green leaves. stems in summer and again in fall.
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). H 18in (45cm), S 15in (38cm). H 3ft (1m), S 2½ft (75cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5

R. SIMPLY SALLY (‘Harpaint’) R. THE TIMES ROSE (‘Korpeahn’)

Rounded patio rose with very good Spreading, Floribunda bush rose
disease resistance. Has numerous, small, with good disease resistance. Slightly
matt, mid-green leaves. Slightly scented, scented, cupped, double, deep crimson
flat, single flowers, 2in (5cm) across, flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
open to pink with yellow centers. in wide clusters in summer and again in
Repeat-flowering summer–fall. fall. Foliage is dark green and plentiful.
H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5
R. PINK PERFECTION (‘Korpauvio’) R. ALEXANDER (‘Harlex’) R. CARRIS (‘Harmanna’)

Vigorous, bushy Hybrid Tea rose with Vigorous, upright, Hybrid Tea bush Compact Hybrid Tea rose with very
very good disease resistance and glossy, rose with good disease resistance and good disease resistance. Has a mass
mid-green leaves. Bears slightly scented, abundant, dark green foliage. Slightly of glossy, mid-green leaves. Produces
rounded, double, sugar-pink flowers, to scented, pointed, double, bright red urn-shaped, bright scarlet flowers, to
3in (7cm) across, with white veining and flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are borne 5in (12cm) across, with a spicy myrrh
lighter reverses, in summer and again in on long stems in summer and again scent. Repeat-flowering summer–fall.
fall. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm). in fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2½ft (75cm). H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm).
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PURPLE
R. GEORGE BEST (‘Dichimanher’) R. RED FINESSE (‘Korvillade’) R. REMEMBRANCE (‘Harxampton’) R. GUY SAVOY (‘Delstrimen’)
Bushy patio rose with very good Compact Floribunda rose with very good Well-branched Floribunda rose with Upright Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and small, matt, disease resistance and repeat-flowering good disease resistance and glossy disease resistance and glossy, dark green
mid-green leaves. Slightly scented, in summer–fall. Produces abundant, leaves. Long-lasting, rounded, double, leaves. Produces cupped, semidouble
urn-shaped, semidouble, deep red glossy, dark green leaves and clusters scarlet flowers, 3in (7cm) across, have white-striped, purple flowers, 3in (7cm)
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne of up to 15 cupped, double, dark red darker outer petals, fading with age. across, in large clusters. Repeat-flowering
in clusters in summer and fall. flowers, 3in (7cm) across. H 36in (90cm), Repeat-flowers summer–fall. summer–fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
H and S 18in (45cm). S 24in (60cm). H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).

R. ALEC’S RED (‘Cored’)
Vigorous, Hybrid Tea bush rose with
moderate disease resistance. Bears
strongly fragrant, deep cherry-red
flowers that are pointed and fully double,
6in (15cm) across, in summer and again
in fall. H 36in (1m), S 24in (60cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. LOVING MEMORY (‘Korgund’) R. LANCASHIRE (‘Korstesgli’) R. BURGUNDY ICE (‘Prose’)

Upright Hybrid Tea rose with good Ground-cover rose with good disease Open Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and leathery, dark resistance and small, matt, dark green disease resistance and repeat-flowering
green leaves. Pointed, fully double, leaves. Cupped, semidouble, cherry-red in summer–fall. Has matt, light green
crimson flowers, 5in (12cm) across, flowers, 2in (5cm) across, fading to leaves. Clusters of up to 7 cupped,
are borne in summer and fall. Perfume cerise, are produced in clusters of at double, mauve flowers, 3in (7cm)
is light but sweet. H 4ft (1.2m), least 7 in summer and again in fall. across, have pale mauve petal margins.
S 32in (80cm). H 24in (60cm), S 36in (90cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
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MODERN ROSES
YELLOW
R. ‘Arthur Bell’ R. PEACE (‘Madame A. Meilland’)

Upright Floribunda rose with good Vigorous, shrubby, large-flowered
disease resistance and large, glossy, bush rose with moderate disease
mid-green leaves. Strongly scented, resistance. Scented, pointed to rounded,
cupped, double, butter-yellow flowers, fully double flowers, 6in (15cm) across,
3in (7cm) across, fading to creamy-white, are borne freely in clusters in summer
are borne in summer and again in fall. and again in fall. Has abundant, large,
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). glossy foliage. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
AD Z5–9 H9–1 AD Z5–9 H9–5

R. EASY GOING (‘Harglow’) R. GOLDEN MEMORIES (‘Korholesea’) R. JULIA CHILD (‘Wekvossutono’)

Bushy Floribunda rose with good Bushy Floribunda rose with very good Vigorous Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering disease resistance and glossy, dark disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer–fall. Has rich glossy, pale green leaves. In summer and fall, clusters in summer–fall. Bears urn-shaped, yellow
green leaves. Pointed buds open into of urn-shaped, fully double flowers, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, and glossy,
cupped, double, deep amber flowers, 3in (7.5cm) across, open wide to show green leaves. Scent has licorice
4in (10cm) across, with a moderately stamens, deep yellow centers and paler overtones. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
fruity scent. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). yellow margins. H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–10 H9–5
R. GOLDEN BEAUTY (‘Korberbeni’) R. FREEDOM (‘Dicjem’) R. MOUNTBATTEN (‘Harmantelle’) R. GUY’S GOLD (‘Harmatch’)
Bushy Floribunda rose with very good Neat, large-flowered bush rose with Shrubby, cluster-flowered bush rose Well-branched, bushy Hybrid Tea rose
disease resistance and glossy, mid-green good disease resistance, many shoots, with good disease resistance. Bears with very good disease resistance and
leaves. In summer and in fall produces and abundant, glossy foliage. Bears scented, rounded, fully double, yellow repeat-flowering in summer–fall. Has
clusters of 3–5 slightly scented, rounded, many lightly scented, rounded, double, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly or in glossy, mid-green leaves and masses
fully double, golden-yellow flowers, 3in bright yellow flowers, 3½in (9cm) clusters, in summer and again in fall. of slightly scented, pointed, double,
(8cm) across, deepening to amber-gold across, in summer–fall. H 30in (75cm), H 4ft (1.2m), S 30in (75cm). bright yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) across.
in centers. H 3ft (1m), S 30in (75cm). S 24in (60cm). H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).
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ORANGE
R. RACHEL (‘Tangust’) R. ‘Southampton’ R. SWEET MAGIC (‘Dicmagic’) R. REMEMBER ME (‘Cocdestin’)

Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with good disease Upright, cluster-flowered bush rose Branching, dwarf cluster-flowered Vigorous, dense, large-flowered
resistance and large, mid-green leaves. with very good disease resistance bush rose with good disease resistance bush rose with good disease resistance.
Sweetly scented, rounded, fully double, and glossy foliage. Bears fragrant, and repeat-flowering in summer– Pointed, fully double, copper-orange
orange-apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) pointed, double, apricot flowers, fall. Bears sprays of lightly fragrant, flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, are borne
across, in summer and again in fall, 3in (8cm) across, singly or in clusters urn-shaped, double, pink-flushed, freely in summer and again in fall.
turn lighter with pink tones as they in summer and again in fall. golden-orange flowers, 1½in (4cm) Leaves are abundant and glossy.
age. H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm). H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm). across. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). H 3ft (1m), S 2½ft (75cm).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5

R. EASY DOES IT (‘Harpagent’) R. FELLOWSHIP (‘Harwelcome’)
Compact Floribunda rose with very good Bushy Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer–fall. Has matt, mid-green in summer–fall. Has large, glossy, green
leaves. Produces spicy-scented, cupped, leaves. Spicy-scented, cupped, double
burnt-tangerine flowers, 4in (10cm) flowers, 4in (10cm) across, have orange
across, fading to pink. Many petals have outer petals, lightening inward to
wavy margins. H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm). tangerine. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. ‘Just Joey’ R. SIMPLY THE BEST (‘Macamster’) R. SUPER TROOPER (‘Fryleyeca’)

Branching, open, large-flowered bush Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with good Bushy Floribunda rose with very good
rose with good disease resistance and disease resistance and dark green leaves. disease resistance and lush, dark green
repeat-flowering in summer–fall. Bears In summer and again in fall produces leaves. Scented, pointed, double,
rounded, fully double flowers, 5in (12cm) abundant, scented, urn-shaped, double, bright orange flowers, flashed yellow
across, with waved, copper-pink petals light orange flowers, 4in (10cm) across. beneath, open in small clusters, 4in
and some scent. Has leathery, dark green Coloring lightens as it ages. (10cm) across, in summer and fall.
leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm). H 3ft (1m), S 32in (80cm).
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CLIMBING ROSES
WHITE
R. ‘Albéric Barbier’ R. WHITE STAR (‘Harquill’)

Vigorous, semievergreen rambler Climber with very good disease
rose with very good disease resistance. resistance and repeat-flowering in
Clusters of slightly fragrant, rosette, summer–fall. Glossy, dark green leaves
fully double, creamy-white flowers, are lighter when young. Slightly scented,
3in (8cm) across, appear in a single flush flat, semidouble, pure white flowers,
in summer. Leaves are small and bright 4in (10cm) across, have bright yellow
green. H to 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). stamens. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m).
AD Z5–9 H9–7 ADZ5–9 H9–5

R. ‘Paul’s Lemon Pillar’ R. ‘Félicité Perpétue’

Stiff, upright climbing rose with Sempervirens climbing rose with
good disease resistance and large, long, slender stems. Clusters of rosette,
dark green leaves. Scented, pointed fully double, blush-pink to white
to rounded, fully double, lemon-white flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, appear
flowers, 6in (15cm) across, appear in a in mid-summer. Small leaves are
single flush in summer. Prefers a sunny, semievergreen. Prune spent wood
sheltered wall. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). only. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z6–9 H9–6
R. filipes ‘Kiftsgate’ R. ‘Madame Alfred Carrière’ R. ‘Gloire de Dijon’ R. ‘Rambling Rector’

Rampant climbing rose with very good Noisette climbing rose with good Stiffly branched Noisette or climbing Rampant rambler rose with very good
disease resistance and abundant, glossy, disease resistance and slender, smooth Tea rose with good disease resistance. disease resistance. Clusters of scented,
light green foliage. Clusters of cupped stems. Very fragrant, rounded, double Fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double, cupped to flat, semidouble, creamy-
to flat, single, creamy-white flowers, 1in flowers are creamy-white, tinged pink, creamy-buff flowers, 4in (10cm) across, white flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, with
(2.5cm) across, appear in a single flush 1½in (4cm) across, and are borne in a are borne in a single flush in summer. golden stamens, appear in a single flush
in summer. Use to grow up a tree or in a single flush in summer. H to 18ft (5.5m), H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m). in summer, followed by red hips. Has
wild garden. H and S 30ft (10m) or more. S 10ft (3m). grayish-green foliage. H and S 20ft (6m).
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PINK
R. ‘New Dawn’ R. ‘Zéphirine Drouhin’ (Climbing rose) R. HIGH HOPES (‘Haryup’) R. ‘Veilchenblau’
Vigorous, very hardy climbing rose Lax, arching Bourbon rose that will Vigorous, upright and arching, long- Vigorous rambler rose with good
with good disease resistance. Fragrant, climb if supported. Bears fragrant, stemmed climbing rose with good disease resistance. Rosette, double,
cupped, double, pale pearl-pink flowers, cupped, double, deep pink flowers, disease resistance. Scented, urn-shaped violet flowers, streaked white, 1in (2.5cm)
3in (8cm) across, are borne in clusters 3in (8cm) across, in a single flush in to rounded, double, light pink flowers, across, have a fruity scent and appear in
in summer and again in fall. Tolerates summer. Is prone to mildew. May 3in (8cm) across, are freely borne in clusters in a single flush in summer.
a north-facing wall. H and S 15ft (5m). be grown as a hedge. H to 8ft (2.5m), summer–fall. Has purplish-green foliage. H 12ft (4m), S 7ft (2.2m).
S to 6ft (2m). H 12ft (4m), S 7ft (2.2m).

R. ‘Albertine’ R. ‘Aloha’
Vigorous rambler rose with good disease Strong-growing, bushy climbing rose
resistance and arching, thorny, reddish with good disease resistance. Fragrant,
stems. Abundant clusters of scented, cupped, fully double, rose- and salmon-
cup-shaped, fully double, salmon-pink pink flowers, 3½in (9cm) across, appear
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in a in summer and again in fall. Leaves are
single flush in summer. Prone to mildew leathery and dark green. May be grown
in a dry site. H to 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). as a shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. ‘Madame Grégoire Staechelin’ R. ‘Compassion’ R. ‘Chaplin’s Pink Companion’

Vigorous, arching climbing rose with Upright, free-branching climbing rose Vigorous climbing rose with very good
good disease resistance. Bears large with good disease resistance. Fragrant, disease resistance and glossy, dark
clusters of rounded to cupped, fully rounded, double, pink-tinted, salmon- green foliage. Slightly scented, rounded,
double flowers, 5in (13cm) across, apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are double, light pink flowers, 2in (5cm)
with ruffled, clear pink petals, shaded borne in summer and again in fall. Has across, are borne freely in large clusters
carmine, in a single flush in summer. glossy, dark leaves on reddish stems. in a single flush during summer.
H to 20ft (6m), S to 12ft (4m). H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). H and S 10ft (3m).
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CLIMBING ROSES
PINK RED
R. ‘Cécile Brünner’ R. ‘Sympathie’ R. DUBLIN BAY (‘Macdub’)

Vigorous climber with good disease Vigorous, free-branching climbing Dense, shrubby climbing rose with good
resistance and light green leaves. rose with moderate disease resistance. disease resistance that may be pruned
Masses of sweetly-scented, pointed, Slightly scented, cupped, fully double, to grow as a shrub. Bears clusters of
double, blush-pink flowers, 1½in (4cm) bright red flowers, 3in (8cm) across, cupped, double, bright crimson flowers,
across, fading to pearl, are borne in are borne in summer and fall, usually 4in (10cm) across, in summer and again
a single flush in summer. H 11½ft (3.5m), in clusters. Has plentiful, glossy, dark in fall. Foliage is glossy, dark green and
S 8ft (2.5m). green foliage. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). plentiful. H and S 7ft (2.2m).
AD Z5–9 H9–1 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5

R. DANCING QUEEN (‘Fryfestoon’) R. ‘Dortmund’

Climber with good disease resistance Upright climbing rose with very good
and large, mid-green leaves. Small disease resistance that may be pruned
clusters of slightly scented, rounded, to make a shrub. Flat, single, red flowers,
double, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) 4in (10cm) across, with white eyes and a
across, with a basal white flash on each slight scent, are borne freely in clusters
outer petal, are produced in summer and in summer and fall. Has dark green
again in fall. H 8ft (2.4m), S 6ft (1.8m). foliage. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. PENNY LANE (‘Hardwell’) R. THE PRINCE’S TRUST (‘Harholding’) R. ‘Guinée’

Climber with very good disease Climber with good disease resistance Vigorous, stiffly branched climbing
resistance and glossy, mid-green leaves. and glossy, light to mid-green leaves. rose with moderate disease resistance.
Wide clusters of quartered-rosette, fully Produces dense clusters of slightly Fragrant, cupped, fully double, blackish-
double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in scented, cupped, double, bright red red to maroon flowers, 4½in (11cm)
light pink with champagne, scented with flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer across, are borne in a single flush in
myrrh and musk, are borne in summer and again in fall. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m). summer. Leaves are large and leathery.
and fall. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m). H 15ft (5m), S 7ft (2.2m).
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YELLOW ORANGE
R. ‘Mermaid’ R. LAURA FORD (‘Chewarvel’) R. BRIDGE OF SIGHS (‘Harglow’)

Slow-growing climbing rose with good Upright, stiffly branching climbing Climber with good disease resistance
disease resistance and repeat-flowering rose with good disease resistance. and repeat-flowering in summer–fall.
in summer–fall. Produces flat, single, Sprays of scented, urn-shaped to flat, Has highly glossy, dark green leaves.
primrose-yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) yellow flowers, 1¾in (4.5cm) across, Dense clusters of flat, semidouble, deep
across. Has stiff, reddish stems, large, appear in summer and again in fall. golden-amber flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
hooked thorns and glossy, dark green Has small, dark, glossy leaves. Good have yellow stamens and a sweet spicy
leaves. H and S to 20ft (6m). for pillars. H 7ft (2.2m), S 4ft (1.2m). perfume. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5

R. GARDENERS GLORY (‘Chewability’) R. ALIBABA (‘Chewalibaba’)
Climber with very good disease Climber with very good disease
resistance and light green leaves. resistance and repeat-flowering in
Clusters of cupped, double, yellow summer–fall. Produces mid-green leaves
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, fading to and sweet-scented, cupped, double
light yellow, are borne in summer flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with ruffled
and again in fall. H 7ft (2.2m), petal edges, in shades of peach-salmon
S 5ft (1.5m). and red. H 7ft (2.2m), S 4ft (1.2m).
ADZ5–9 H9–5 ADZ5–9 H9–5
R. ‘Emily Gray’ R. ‘Maigold’ R. SUMMER WINE (‘Korizont’)

Semievergreen rambler rose with good Vigorous climbing rose with very good Climber with good disease resistance
disease resistance. Trusses of slightly disease resistance and prickly, arching and large, dark green leaves. Small
fragrant, cupped, fully double, butter- stems. Fragrant, cupped, semidouble, clusters of flat, semidouble, salmon-pink
yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across, appear bronze-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, fading
in a single flush in summer. Has long, lax across, are borne freely in a single flush to pink, are produced in summer and
stems and lustrous, dark green leaves. Is in summer. May be pruned to grow as again in fall. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m).
prone to mildew. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m).
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CLIMBERS AND
WALL SHRUBS
Versatile and decorative, climbers offer great scope for
imaginative garden design, their scrambling stems veiling other
plants and structures with flowers and foliage. A few, such as
ivy, will also trail across the ground, helping to suppress weeds.
Climbers are often used as a backdrop to other plantings, or
grown over arbors and gazebos to provide shade. You can also
create focal points by weaving them through trees and pyramids
and up pillars, or train them over a trellis to form boundary
screens or dividers between different areas of the garden.
The rigid stems of wall shrubs add another dimension to
vertical schemes, covering walls and fences with
foliage, blooms, and berries.
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CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS
One of the most versatile of plant groups, climbers bring height to the garden,
adding interest to walls and fences, and clothing structures such as arches and
arbors with flowers and foliage. A number of shrubs can also be trained against
walls and fences to create textures, patterns, and backdrops to beds and borders.
What are climbers around the slim stems of a host plant; they Wall shrubs such as chaenomeles,
and wall shrubs? will need wires, mesh, or a trellis to cling pyracanthas, and ceanothus are not natural
Most climbers are woody, evergreen to if they are wall-trained. Clematis, passion climbers, but can be trained to decorate
or deciduous plants, while a few are flowers (Passiflora), hops (Humulus lupulus), walls or fences. Some are best grown in
herbaceous perennials, or summersweet peas (Lathyrus), and morning glories this way, as they require the additional
flowering annuals. Climbers can be self- (Ipomoea) fall into this group. shelter and support a wall provides.
clinging or twining (with or without Scrambling plants like winter jasmine
tendrils), or scandent—scrambling species (Jasminum nudiflorum) attach themselves Ornamental features
that do not cling. It is important to identify loosely by threading their flexible stems Climbing plants have a range of attractive
the climbing method of your plant, since through host plants or over a framework foliage forms, from the lobed leaves of
this dictates the method of support it needs. of their old stems made in previous seasons. Tropaeolum speciosum and palmate foliage
Self-clingers such as Virginia creeper On smooth surfaces, such as walls and of x Fatshedera lizei, to the heart-shaped
(Parthenocissus quinquefolia) climb up fences, their stems must be tied in to wires leaves of Actinidia deliciosa. Leaf surfaces
their supports using adhesive pads, while or trellis attached to the support, as they also offer textural contrasts, from the
ivies (Hedera) and the Swiss cheese plant have no other means of clinging. downy Vitis vinifera to glossy ivies (Hedera).
(Monstera deliciosa) use aerial roots to
attach themselves to vertical surfaces. PLANTING A CLIMBER
Self-clinging climbers may initially need

to be guided to their support with canes Before planting, attach eye screws and horizontal wires, or a trellis, to the wall
(see box below) but will then become or fence. The lowest wire should be about 20in (50cm) above soil level, and the
self-supporting. By contrast, twiners coil others 12–18in (30–45cm) apart. Work plenty of organic matter into the soil.
1 Dig a planting hole

Water the climber before planting. Dig a hole
twice the diameter and deeper than the rootball,
2 Plant the climber
Arrange a fan of canes in the hole. Place the
climber in the hole and slant it toward the canes.
18in (45cm) from the fence. Dig a slightly deeper Backfill with some soil enriched with rotted organic
hole for clematis, since they need to be planted matter. Untie the stems from their original support
4in (10cm) deeper than the top of their rootball. and spread them out ready to attach to the canes.
ABOVE Wisteria-clad wall

3 Tie in the stems
Using soft garden twine, tie the stems to the
canes using a figure-eight. Train the lower stems
4 Firm in the soil
Firm in the climber and create a shallow saucer
shape around the base of the plant so that moisture
Vigorous climbers, such as Wisteria sinensis, need
a sturdy trellis or wall for support to display their on to the lower wires and any tall stems at the runs into the area above the roots. Water, and apply
heavy flowers to perfection. When grown around center of the plant to cover the high wires. a bark mulch, keeping it away from the plant stems.
190 a window, the subtle scent of its flowers can be
appreciated indoors and out.
Colors range from golden-hued Humulus and black-eyed Susan (Thunbergia alata), also
lupulus ‘Aureus’ to the deep green of many offer a quick-fix solution, covering a trellis or
jasmines, as well as the purple tints of adding height to containers on patios.
plants such as Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’. Wall shrubs are also valued for their
Others have bright, variegated foliage, attractive foliage and blooms. Ceanothus,
such as Actinidia kolomikta, with its green for example, has both evergreen and
leaves tipped with splashes of cream and deciduous forms, with flowers in varying
pink. Some, most notably species of vitis shades of blue, white, and pink. The
and parthenocissus, produce their finest flowering quince (Chaenomeles) produces
displays in fall, when both fire up with a profusion of cupped white, pink, orange,
burning shades of red. or scarlet-red flowers early in the year,
Climbers such as passion flowers followed by yellow fruits in the fall. Thorny
(Passiflora) and clematis bear beautiful pyracanthas make excellent security hedges,
flowers, while some, especially wisteria, deterring intruders, and sport glossy
honeysuckles (Lonicera), and jasmines, evergreen foliage with an abundance of
are deliciously fragrant. The flower colors yellow, orange, or red berries in the fall.
span the spectrum from the creamy
whites of Schizophragma integrifolium
and Hydrangea petiolaris to the magentas
Designing with climbers
of bougainvillea, blues and purples of a and wall shrubs
whole range of clematis, and chocolate- Growing climbers as a backdrop for other
maroon of Rhodochiton atrosanguineus. plants is one way of adding height to a
With many climbers, the season is further border, but they can also be grown on ABOVE Clematis ‘Bill MacKenzie’
prolonged by silky seed heads, as in freestanding supports to form screens or This small-flowered, late-blooming Group 3 clematis
provides a natural, rambling backdrop of nodding
clematis, or striking berries, notably divisions between different parts of the yellow flowers and fluffy seedheads.
the oblong, purple fruits of Billardiera garden. Grown through trees or on pillars
longiflora and the orange-yellow fruits and pyramids, they also create focal points. nodes, will root to form a carpet of

of Celastrus orbiculatus. Where a garden lacks shade, climbers groundcover. When growing climbers
Annual climbers such as sweet peas allowed to ramble over arches and arbors through other plants, make sure that you
(Lathyrus odoratus) climb rapidly to the offer a cool place to sit. You can also use synchronize their flowering times for a
top of wigwams made from garden canes, climbers and wall shrubs to soften the dual effect, and match their pruning needs.
producing a succession of scented flowers lines of hard landscaping, while vigorous As well as growing shrubs such as
from mid- to late summer that are ideal for climbers will help to camouflage unsightly pyracanthas and chaenomeles against
cutting. Morning glory (Ipomoea tricolor structures. Left unsupported, some climbers walls, you can train them into fans and
‘Heavenly Blue‘), with its sky-blue trumpets, trail on the ground and, when pegged at the espaliers for a formal effect.
PRUNING CLEMATIS
Some clematis flower well if pruned lightly or not at all, while others C. ‘Corona’, and C. ‘Henryi’, flower in early summer on the previous
bloom more effectively when cut back hard. They are divided into three year’s growth. Group 3 clematis include small-flowered viticella and
groups, each with different pruning requirements. Group 1 clematis texensis types, such as C. ‘Gravetye Beauty’, and some large-flowered
(including C. montana and C. armandii ) are vigorous plants that flower types including C. ‘Perle d’Azur’. They bloom from mid-summer to fall
in late spring on the previous year’s growth. Group 2 clematis, such as on new growth formed earlier in the year.
Pruning Group 1 clematis Pruning Group 2 clematis Pruning Group 3 clematis

Plants in this group need little or no pruning Prune this group in early spring when the buds Left unpruned, these clematis form flowers at
once established, except to remove dead are in growth and are clearly visible. Work from the top of the plant, leaving bare, straggly stems
and damaged stems, or to keep them in the top of the clematis, pruning each stem back at the bottom. In late winter, before the buds break,
check. After flowering, give them a light trim to the first pair of healthy buds or shoots. Remove remove the tangle of shoots from their support and
if necessary. Prune the leggy new season’s dead, diseased, or damaged wood; it will be cut back all the stems hard to within 12in (30cm)
growth, cutting above a pair of healthy buds, brown and dry. The pruned stems will produce of the ground. This encourages strong new shoots
but do not cut them back hard. new growth and then flowers in early summer. and flowers to form along their length.
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SPRING
WHITE PINK
Holboellia latifolia [white form] Stauntonia hexaphylla

Variable, evergreen, twining climber Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
with glossy, mid-green leaves divided climber. Leaves have 3–7 oval leaflets,
into 3–9 ovate or oblong leaflets. Bears 2–5in (5–13cm) long. In spring bears
racemes of 3–7 sweetly scented, creamy- racemes of fragrant, cup-shaped, violet-
white, male flowers and greenish, female tinged white flowers, followed by egg-
flowers in early summer, and sausage- shaped, edible, purple fruits, if plants of
shaped, purple fruit. H to 16ft (5m). both sexes are grown. H to 30ft (10m).
BD Z10–11 H11–1 BD Z9–10 H10–9

Decumaria sinensis Prostanthera rotundifolia ‘Rosea’

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub with
climber with oval, often toothed leaves, tiny, sweetly aromatic, deep green leaves
1–3in (2.5–8cm) long. Conical clusters and short, leafy racemes of bell-shaped,
of small, honey-scented, cream flowers purple-anthered, pale pink flowers in
are produced in late spring and early late spring or summer. H 6–13ft (2–4m),
summer. H to 6ft (2m) or more. S 3–10ft (1–3m).
AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z11 H11–5
Clianthus puniceus f. albus Acradenia frankliniae Ercilla volubilis

Evergreen or semievergreen, woody- Evergreen, upright, stiffly branched Evergreen, root climber with oval to
stemmed, scrambling climber, grown shrub with aromatic, dark green leaves heart-shaped, mid-green leaves, 1–2in
for its drooping clusters of clawlike, divided into 3 narrowly lance-shaped (2.5–5cm) long. Spikes of petal-less
creamy-white flowers that open in leaflets. From late spring to early flowers, each consisting of 5 greenish or
spring and early summer. Mid-green summer bears small clusters of purple sepals and 6–8 white stamens, are
leaves consist of many small leaflets. star-shaped, white flowers. H 10ft (3m), borne in spring. H to 30ft (10m) or more.
H 12ft (4m). S 5ft (1.5m).
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AD Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z10–11 H12–10 BD Z10–11 H12–10
RED
Campsis radicans ‘Indian Summer’ Mitraria coccinea Akebia quinata (Chocolate vine)
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling Woody-stemmed, twining climber,
climber with leaves divided into 7–11 climber with oval, toothed leaves. Small, semievergreen in mild winters or
oval, toothed leaflets. Small clusters tubular, orange-red flowers are borne warm areas, with leaves of 5 leaflets.
of trumpet-shaped, yellow-throated, singly in leaf axils during late spring to Vanilla-scented, brownish-purple
orange-red flowers, 2½–3in (6–8cm) summer. H to 6ft (2m). flowers appear in late spring, followed
long, are produced in late summer by sausage-shaped, purplish fruits.
and early fall. H 40ft (12m). H 30ft (10m) or more.
AD Z5–9 H9–3 BDM Z10–11 H11–10 AD Z5–9 H9–5

Ribes speciosum
Deciduous, bushy, spiny shrub bearing
slender, drooping, tubular, red flowers,
with long, red stamens, in mid–late
spring. Fruits are spherical and red.
Has red, young shoots and oval,
3–5-lobed, glossy, bright green leaves.
H and S 6ft (2m).
AD Z7–9 H9–7
Chaenomeles x superba ‘Crimson Clianthus puniceus (Parrot’s bill) Jasminum beesianum

and Gold’ (Flowering quince) Evergreen or semievergreen, woody- Evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling
Deciduous, dense shrub with thorns stemmed, scrambling climber with climber, deciduous in cool areas. Has
and oval, glossy, green leaves. Bears leaves composed of many leaflets. lance-shaped leaves. Fragrant, tubular,
masses of 5-petaled, deep red flowers, In spring and early summer bears usually 6-lobed, pinkish-red flowers,
with conspicuous, golden-yellow drooping clusters of unusual, clawlike, 1–3 together, borne in early summer,
anthers, in spring, followed by round, brilliant red flowers. H 12ft (4m). are followed by shiny, black berries.
yellow fruits. H to 3ft (1m), S to 6ft (2m). H to 15ft (5m).
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AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z10–11 H11–1
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SPRING
PURPLE BLUE YELLOW
Akebia x pentaphylla Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat) Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’

Mainly deciduous, woody-stemmed, Evergreen, bushy shrub or spreading Herbaceous, twining climber with
twining climber. Mid-green leaves, tree with stout shoots bearing large, rough, hairy stems and toothed,
bronze-tinted when young, have 3 or 5 oblong, prominently veined, glossy, dark yellowish leaves divided into 3 or 5
oval leaflets. Pendent racemes of small, green leaves. Fragrant, 5-petaled, white lobes. Greenish, female flower spikes
3-petaled, purple flowers (female at flowers borne in clusters in early fall are are borne in pendent clusters in fall.
base, male at apex) are borne in spring. followed by pear-shaped, orange-yellow H to 20ft (6m).
H to 30ft (10m). fruits. H and S 25ft (8m).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z4–8 H8–1

Hardenbergia comptoniana Ceanothus arboreus ‘Trewithen Blue’

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining Vigorous, evergreen, bushy, spreading
climber with leaves of 3 or 5 lance- shrub with broadly oval to rounded,
shaped leaflets. Has racemes of pealike, dark green leaves. In spring and early
deep purple-blue flowers in spring. summer bears large, pyramidal clusters
H to 8ft (2.5m). of rich blue flowers. H to 20ft (6m),
S to 25ft (8m).
AD Z11 H11–6 AD Z9–10 H10–9
Holboellia latifolia [purple form] Sollya heterophylla Vestia foetida

Evergreen, twining climber with glossy, Evergreen, woody-based, twining Evergreen, upright shrub with pendent,
green leaves. Clusters of tiny, mauve, climber with narrowly lance-shaped tubular, pale yellow flowers from
male flowers and, lower down stems, to oval leaves, ¾-2½in (2–6cm) long. midspring to mid-summer. Oblong,
larger, purple-tinged, green-white Nodding clusters of 4–9 broadly glossy, dark green leaves have an
female flowers are borne in spring, bell-shaped, sky-blue flowers are carried unpleasant scent. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
followed by sausage-shaped, purple from spring to fall. H to 10ft (3m).
fruits. H to 22ft (7m) or more.
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BD Z10–11 H11–1 AD Z10–11 H12–6 AD Z8–10 H10–8
SUMMER
WHITE
Azara serrata Gelsemium sempervirens Trachelospermum jasminoides Solanum laxum ‘Album’ (Potato vine)
Evergreen, upright shrub with glossy, Moderately vigorous, evergreen, twining (Confederate jasmine, Star jasmine) Semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
bright green foliage and rounded climber with pointed, lustrous leaves. Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining scrambling climber. Oval to lance-
bunches of fragrant, yellow flowers in Clusters of fragrant, funnel-shaped, climber with oval leaves up to 6in (15cm) shaped leaves are sometimes lobed
late spring or early summer. H 12ft (4m), pale to deep yellow flowers are borne long. Has very fragrant, white flowers or divided into leaflets. Has star-shaped,
S 10ft (3m). from late spring to late summer. in summer, then pairs of pods, up to white flowers, ¾–1in (2–2.5cm) across,
H to 20ft (6m). 6in (15cm) long. H to 28ft (9m). in summer–fall. H to 20ft (6m).
AD Z9–10 H11–9 ADt Z7–9 H9–1 AD Z9–10 H10–9 ADtZ10–11 H12–7

Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca Araujia sericifera
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has (Cruel plant)
blue-gray leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets. Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
Fragrant, pealike, yellow flowers are climber with leaves that are white-
borne from midspring to early summer. downy beneath. Has scented, white
H and S 5ft (1.5m). flowers, often striped pale maroon
inside, from late summer to fall.
H to 23ft (7m).
AD Z8–9 H9–8 AD Z10–11 H11–10
Forsythia suspensa Jasminum mesnyi Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Hydrangea petiolaris

Deciduous, arching, graceful shrub (Primrose jasmine) var. maximowiczii ‘Elegans’ (Climbing hydrangea)
with slender shoots. Nodding, narrow, Evergreen or semievergreen, woody- Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed, Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
trumpet-shaped, bright yellow stemmed, scrambling climber. Leaves twining, tendril climber with hairy climber. Has toothed leaves and
flowers open from early to midspring, are divided into 3 leaflets; semidouble, young stems. Has variable, densely lacy heads of small, white flowers
before mid-green leaves appear. pale yellow flowers appear in spring. white-mottled, pink-tinged leaves. in summer, only sparingly borne
H and S 10ft (3m). H to 10ft (3m). Tiny flowers are produced in summer, on young plants. H to 50ft (15m).
followed by blue berries. H 16ft (5m).
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AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z8–10 H10–8 BD Z5–8 H8–2 ADt Z4–9 H9–1
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SUMMER
WHITE
Hydrangea seemannii
Evergreen, woody-stemmed climber
with elliptic to lance-shaped, leathery,
mid-green leaves. In summer produces
domed flower heads consisting of small,
clustered, greenish-white, fertile flowers
surrounded by larger, white, sterile
flowers. H 50ft (15m).
BD Z8–9 H9–8

Pileostegia viburnoides Wisteria floribunda ‘Alba’

Slow-growing, evergreen, woody- Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
stemmed, root climber. Tiny, white or climber with leaves of 11–19 oval
cream flowers, with many prominent leaflets. Scented, pealike, white flowers
stamens, are borne in heads from late are carried in drooping racemes, up
summer to fall. H to 20ft (6m). to 2ft (60cm) long, in early summer.
H to 28ft (9m).
AD Z7–11 H11–7 ADt Z5–9 H9–3
Jasminum officinale f. affine Hydrangea serratifolia Trachelospermum asiaticum

(Common jasmine) Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
Semievergreen or deciduous, woody- climber with elliptic, sharply toothed, climber with oval, glossy, dark green
stemmed, twining climber with leaves dark green leaves. In summer produces leaves, 1in (2.5cm) long. Scented, tubular,
comprising 7 or 9 leaflets. Clusters of rounded clusters of small, white, fertile cream flowers that age to yellow, are
fragrant, 4- or 5-lobed flowers, white flowers opening from large, rounded produced in summer. Pairs of long,
inside and pink outside, are borne in buds. H 50–70ft (15–20m). slender pods, 5–9in (12–22cm) long,
summer–fall. H to 40ft (12m). contain silky seeds. H to 20ft (6m).
196
AD Z9–10 H10–9 BD Z8–10 H10–8 BD Z7–11 H12–7
Dregea sinensis Drimys lanceolata

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining (Pepper tree, mountain pepper)
climber. Oval, green leaves, 1¼–4in Evergreen, upright, dense shrub or
(3–10cm) long, are grayish beneath. tree with deep red shoots and oblong,
In summer produces clusters of 10–25 dark green leaves. Produces clusters
small, fragrant, star-shaped flowers, of star-shaped, white flowers in spring.
red-marked white or cream, followed by H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).
pairs of slender seed pods. H to 10ft (3m).
AD Z8–10 H10–8 AE Z9–10 H10–9

Anredera cordifolia
Fast-growing, evergreen, tuberous,
twining climber with oval to lance-
shaped, fleshy leaves. Tiny, fragrant,
white flowers are borne in clusters
from upper leaf axils in summer.
H to 20ft (6m).
AD Z10–11 H11–1
Schizophragma integrifolium Prostanthera cuneata Schizophragma hydrangeoides Carpenteria californica

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen, bushy, erect to spreading Deciduous, woody-stemmed, climber with Evergreen, bushy shrub. Glossy, dark
climber with oval or heart-shaped shrub with small, aromatic, shiny, dark broadly oval leaves. Small white flowers, green foliage sets off fragrant, yellow-
leaves. In summer, white flowers green leaves. In late spring and early in flat heads 8–10in (20–25cm) across, centered, white flowers borne during
are borne in flat heads up to summer produces dense racemes of are produced on pendent side-branches summer. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 6ft (2m).
12in (30cm) across, marginal sterile shortly tubular, 2-lipped, white flowers, in summer; these are surrounded by
flowers each having a large, white with purple and yellow markings in the marginal, sterile flowers, each with an oval,
bract. H to 40ft (12m). throat. H and S 3ft (90cm). pale yellow sepal. H to 25–40ft (8–12m).
197
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z9–11 H11–9 AD Z6–9 H9–6 AE Z8–9 H9–8
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CLEMATIS
Among the climbers, clematis are unsurpassed in their long
period of flowering (with species flowering in almost every
month of the year), the variety of flower shapes and colors,
and their tolerance of almost any exposure and climate.
Some spring-flowering species and cultivars are vigorous
and excellent for rapidly covering buildings, old trees, and C. fasciculiflora
[1, early small-fl.]
pergolas. Other, less rampant cultivars display often large,
exquisite blooms from early summer to fall in almost every
color. Flower colors may vary according to your climatic
conditions; generally speaking, the warmer the climate, the
darker the flowers are likely to be.
Clematis look attractive when trained on walls or trellises
and when grown in association with other climbers, trees,
or shrubs, treating them as hosts. Less vigorous cultivars
may also be left unsupported to scramble at ground level,
where their flowers will be clearly visible. C. ‘Andromeda’ [2, early large-fl.]
The various types of clematis (see the Plant Dictionary) may
be divided into 3 groups, each of which has different pruning
requirements. Incorrect pruning may result in cutting out
the stems that will produce flowers in the current season,
so the following guidelines should be followed closely.
Group 1 Flower stem

Early-flowering species, Alpina, direct from
Macropetala, and Montana types the previous
season’s C. ARCTIC QUEEN (‘Evitwo’) C. ‘White Columbine’
Flower stems are produced direct from ripened stems [2, early large-fl.] [1, early small-fl.]
the previous season’s ripened stems.
Prune after flowering to allow new
growth to be produced and ripened
for the next season. Remove dead or
damaged stems and cut back other shoots
that have outgrown their allotted space.
Current season’s Group 2

stems have one Early, large-flowered cultivars C. armandii [1, early]
flower and are
6–18 in (15–45 cm) Flowers are produced on short,
long current-season stems, so prune
before new growth starts, in early
Discarded spring. Remove dead or damaged
previous stems and cut back all others to
season’s old
flower stem where strong, leaf-axil buds are
visible. (These buds will produce
Discarded the first crop of flowers.)
previous
season’s leaves
C. ‘Guernsey Cream’ C. x cartmanii ‘Avalanche’ [1, early]

[2, early large-fl.]
Group 3
Late, large-flowered cultivars,
Late-flowering species, Small-flowered
cultivars, and Herbaceous types Flower
stems on
Flowers are produced on the current current
season’s growth only, so prune before season’s
new growth starts, in early spring. growth
Remove all of the previous season’s stems only
down to a pair of strong, leaf-axil buds,
6–12 in (15-30 cm) above the soil.
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C. x cartmanii ‘Joe’ [1, early] C. ‘Bella’ [2, early large-fl.] C. ‘Early Sensation’ [3, late] C. montana [1, Montana]
C. CHANTILLY (‘Evipo021’)
C. florida PISTACHIO (‘Evirida’) C. montana var. rubens [1, Montana] C. ‘Alionushka’ [3, early small-fl.] C. ‘Fireworks’ [2, early large-fl.]
[3, late large-fl.]
C. cirrhosa [1, early-fl.] C. ‘Jacqueline du Pré’ C. montana var. rubens C. ‘Lincoln Star’ [2, early large-fl.]
[1, early small-fl.] ‘Tetrarose’ [1, Montana]
C. VIENNETTA (‘Evipo006’) C. ‘Sunrise’ [1, early] C. ‘Jan Lindmark’ [1, early small-fl.]
[3, large-fl.]
C. ‘Henryi’ [2, early large-fl.] C. BLUE MOON (‘Evirin’) C. ‘Corona’ [2, early large-fl.] C. ‘Charissima’ [2, late large-fl.] C. ‘Nelly Moser’
[3, late large-fl.] [2, early large-fl.]
C. florida var. sieboldiana
[3, small-fl.]
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C. ‘Huldine’ [3, late large-fl.] C. ‘Barbara Jackman’ [2, early large-fl.] C. ‘Barbara Dibley’ [2, early lge-fl.] C. ‘Kakio’ [2, early large-fl.]
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C. ‘Gravetye Beauty’ C. ‘Etoile Violette’ [3, late-fl.]

[3, small-fl.]
C. ‘Abundance’ [3, late-fl.] C. ‘Madame Julia Correvon’ C. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’ C. ‘Rosy O’Grady’ C. ‘Jackmanii’ [3, late large-fl.]
[3, late-fl.] [3, late-fl.] [1, early and late]
C. AVANT-GARDE (‘Evipo033’) C. ROSEMOOR (‘Evipo002’)

[3, mid-season small-fl.] [2, early large-fl.]
C. BOURBON (‘Evipo018’) Clematis VINO (‘Poulvo’) C. ‘Polish Spirit’ [3, late large-fl.] C. ‘Frankie’ [1, early small-fl.]
[2, early large-fl.] [2, early large-fl.]
C. ‘Westerplatte’ C. ANNA LOUISE (‘Evithree’) C. cirrhosa var. purpurascens C. ‘Ernest Markham’ C. ‘Perle d’Azur’ [3, late large-fl.] C. ‘Frances Rivis’
[2, early large-fl.] [2, early large-fl.] ‘Freckles’ [1, early small-fl.] [3, late large-fl.] [1, early small-fl.]
C. ‘Silver Moon’ C. flammula [3, late-fl.]

200
C. ‘Kardynal Wyszynski’ [2, early large-fl.] C. ‘Black Prince’ [3, late] C. ‘Columella’ [1, early] C. ‘Betty Corning’ [3, early] C. rehderiana [3, late-fl.]
SUMMER
PINK
Lathyrus odoratus Lathyrus odoratus ‘Charles Unwin’

‘Mrs. Bernard Jones’ Vigorous, annual, tendril climber with
Vigorous, annual, tendril climber oval, mid-green leaves. Produces large,
with mid-green leaves. Produces large, scented, wavy-margined, soft salmon-
strongly scented, wavy-edged, sugar- pink flowers with cream keels, paling
pink flowers, suffused white at the to salmon-tinted cream at the margins
margins, from summer to early fall. in summer and early fall. H 6ft (2m).
H 6ft (2m).
ADt Z9–10 H8–1 ADt Z9–10 H8–1

Lathyrus latifolius Jasminum x stephanense
(Everlasting pea, Perennial pea) Vigorous, deciduous, twining climber
Herbaceous, tendril climber with winged with simple or pinnate, matt green
stems. Leaves have broad stipules and leaves. Produces loose clusters of
a pair of leaflets. Has small racemes of fragrant, 5-lobed, pale pink flowers,
pink-purple flowers in summer and from early to mid-summer, sometimes
early fall. H 6ft (2m) or more. producing a second flush later in the
season. H 16–22ft (5–7m).
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 BD Z7–11 H11–8
Actinidia kolomikta Lathyrus odoratus ‘Lady Diana’ Grevillea ‘Canberra Gem’ Bomarea edulis
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining Moderately fast-growing, slender, Vigorous, evergreen shrub with silky Deciduous, twining climber with
climber with 3–6in (8–16cm) long leaves, annual, tendril climber with oval, stems and linear, pointed, green leaves, lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. From
the upper sections often creamy-white mid-green leaves. Fragrant, pale to 1¼in (3cm) long. Late winter to early summer to fall bears umbel-like
and pink. Has small, cup-shaped, white violet-blue flowers are borne from mid-summer, and occasionally through clusters of narrowly bell-shaped flowers,
flowers in summer, male and female on summer to early fall. H 6ft (2m). the year, produces short racemes of to 1½in (3.5cm) long, pink–light red, with
separate plants. H 12ft (4m). small, tubular, white-tipped, pink-red yellow-flecked throats. H 6–10ft (2–3m).
flowers. H and S 6–13ft (2–4m).
201
AD Z5–8 H11–1 ADt Z9–10 H8–1 ADMt Z9–11 H11–9 AD Z11 H12–10
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SUMMER
RED
Lapageria rosea Lathyrus odoratus ‘Barry Dare’ Cestrum elegans Schisandra rubriflora
(Chilean bellflower, Copihue) Vigorous, annual, tendril climber Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub. Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining with ovate, mid-green leaves and Nodding shoots carry downy, deep climber with leathery, toothed leaves,
climber with oblong to oval, leathery large, sweetly-scented, bright orange- green foliage. Dense racemes of tubular, paler beneath. Has small, crimson
leaves. Has pendent, fleshy, pink to red, pea-flowers from summer to fall. purplish-red flowers in late spring and flowers in spring or early summer and
red flowers, 2¾–3½in (7–9cm) long, H 6ft (2m). summer are followed by deep red fruits. drooping, red fruits in late summer.
with paler flecks, from summer to H and S 10ft (3m). H to 20ft (6m).
late fall. H to 15ft (5m).
BD Z10–11 H11–10 ADt Z9–10 H8–1 AD H11–10 BD Z7–9 H9–7

Ipomoea lobata Berberidopsis corallina (Coral plant)

Deciduous or semievergreen, twining Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with 3-lobed leaves, usually climber with oval to heart-shaped,
grown as an annual. One-sided racemes leathery leaves edged with small spines.
of small, tubular, dark red flowers fade to Bears pendent clusters of globular, deep
orange, then creamy-yellow, in summer. red flowers in summer to early fall.
H to 15ft (5m). H 14ft (4.5m).
ADt H11–10 BDM Z8–9 H9–8
Ipomoea quamoclit (Cypress vine) Tropaeolum speciosum Crinodendron hookerianum

Annual, twining climber with oval, (Flame creeper, Flame nasturtium) (Lantern tree)
bright green leaves cut into many Herbaceous, twining climber with a Evergreen, stiffly-branched shrub.
threadlike segments. Slender, tubular, creeping rhizome and lobed, blue- In late spring and early summer,
orange or scarlet flowers are carried green leaves. Bears scarlet flowers in lantern-like, red flowers hang from
in summer–fall. H 6–12ft (2–4m). summer, followed by bright blue fruits shoots clothed with narrow, dark
surrounded by deep red calyces. Roots green leaves. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).
should be in shade. H to 10ft (3m).
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ADt H11–6 AD Z8–11 H12–8 BEM Z9–11 H11–9
PURPLE
Desfontainia spinosa Callistemon subulatus Rhodochiton atrosanguineus

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with Evergreen, arching shrub with narrowly Evergreen, leaf-stalk climber, usually
spiny, holly-like, glossy, dark green oblong, bright green leaves. Dense grown as an annual, with toothed
leaves. Long, tubular, drooping, spikes of crimson flowers are produced leaves. Has tubular, blackish-purple
red flowers, tipped with yellow, are in summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). flowers, with bell-shaped, red-purple
borne from mid-summer to late fall. calyces, from late spring to late fall.
H and S 6ft (2m). H to 10ft (3m). Min. 41°F (5°C).
BEM Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z8–11 H11–10 AD H8–2

Callistemon citrinus ‘Splendens’ Grevillea rosmarinifolia Cestrum ‘Newellii’
(Crimson bottlebrush) Evergreen, rounded, well-branched Evergreen, arching shrub bearing
Evergreen, arching shrub with broad, shrub. Dark green leaves are needle- clusters of tubular, crimson flowers
lemon-scented, gray-green leaves that shaped with reflexed margins, silky- in late spring and summer. Leaves
are bronze-red when young. In early haired beneath. Has short, dense are large, broadly lance-shaped and
summer bright red flowers are borne in clusters of tubular, red, occasionally dark green. H and S 10ft (3m).
bottlebrush-like spikes. H 6–25ft (2–8m), pink or white flowers in summer.
S 5–20ft (1.5–6m). H 2–10ft (0.6–3m), S 3–15ft (1–5m).
AD Z10–11 H11–10 ADM Z9–11 H11–6 AD Z8–11 H11–1
Acca sellowiana (Pineapple guava) Campsis grandiflora Abutilon megapotamicum Lablab purpureus (Australian pea,
Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. Dark Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen shrub with long, slender Hyacinth bean, Lablab)
green leaves have white undersides. climber. Leaves have 7 or 9 oval, toothed branches normally trained against a Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
In mid-summer bears large, dark leaflets. Drooping clusters of trumpet- wall. Pendent, bell-shaped, yellow-and- climber, often grown as an annual.
red flowers with white-edged petals, shaped, orange or red flowers, 2–3in red flowers are produced from late Purple, pinkish or white flowers in
followed by edible, red-tinged, green (5–8cm) long, are produced in late spring to fall. Leaves are oval, with summer are followed by long pods
fruits. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m). summer and fall, abundantly in warm heart-shaped bases, and dark green. with edible seeds. H 30ft (10m).
areas. H 22–30ft (7–10m). H and S 6ft (2m). Min. 41°F (5°C).
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SUMMER
PURPLE
Ipomoea hederacea Akebia trifoliata

Annual, twining climber with heart- Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
shaped or 3-lobed, mid- to bright green climber. Mid-green leaves, bronze-
leaves. Has funnel-shaped, red, purple, tinted when young, have 3 oval leaflets.
pink or blue flowers in summer to early Drooping racemes of purple flowers in
fall. H 10–12ft (3–4m). spring are followed by sausage-shaped,
purplish fruits. H to 30ft (10m) or more.
ADt Z10–11 H11–10 AD Z5–8 H8–5

Buddleja crispa Cobaea scandens Passiflora caerulea (Blue passion

Deciduous, upright, bushy shrub (Cup-and-saucer vine) flower, Common passion flower)
that, from mid- to late summer, bears Evergreen or deciduous, woody- Fast-growing, evergreen or
racemes of small, fragrant, lilac flowers stemmed, tendril climber, grown as semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
with white eyes. Has woolly, white an annual. From late summer to first tendril climber. Has white flowers,
shoots and oval, grayish-green leaves. frosts has flowers that open yellow- sometimes pink-flushed, with blue-
H and S 10ft (3m). green and age to purple. H 12–15ft or purple-banded crowns, in summer–
(4–5m). Min. 39ºF (4ºC). fall. H to 30ft (10m) or more.
AD Z8–9 H9–8 AD Z11 H11–10 ADt Z6–9 H9–6
Fabiana imbricata f. violacea Aristolochia macrophylla Aconitum hemsleyanum Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’
Evergreen, upright shrub with shoots (Dutchman’s pipe) Wiry, scandent, fibrous perennial with (Chilean potato tree)
that are densely covered with tiny, Vigorous, deciduous climber with hooded, lilac flowers produced in Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
heather-like, deep green leaves. Tubular, heart-shaped, dark green leaves, to drooping clusters in late summer. Leaves woody-stemmed, scrambling climber
lilac flowers are borne profusely in 12in (30cm) long. In summer produces are divided and mid-green. Is best with oval leaves. Has clusters of lilac
early summer. H and S 8ft (2.5m). malodorous, trumpet-shaped, cream- grown where it can scramble through a to purple flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across,
colored flowers, strongly mottled shrub or be supported. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), in summer. H to 20ft (6m).
yellow, purple and brown. H 30ft (10m). S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
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AD Z9–11 H11–10 BD Z5–8 H8–4 BDt Z5–8 H8–5 ADt Z9–15 H12–1
BLUE
WISTERIA
Wisterias are large, vigorous, deciduous climbers that
flower in late spring to early summer, producing pendent
racemes 18in (45cm) long or more, of scented, pealike
flowers. These open in shades of white through pale lilac-
blue to dark purple, and are sweetly scented. Often seen
growing on arches and arbors, wisterias need strong
support, as they become heavy with age, and their roots
may damage building foundations. They prefer fertile, moist,
well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. Unless the soil
is very poor, don’t fertilize them, as this encourages excess
growth. Choosing wisteria can be confusing because many
varieties are commonly mislabeled.
Codonopsis convolvulacea Ipomoea tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’

Herbaceous, twining climber with 1–2in (Morning glory)
(5cm) long, oval or lance-shaped leaves. Fast-growing, annual, twining climber
Widely bell- to saucer-shaped, bluish- with heart-shaped leaves and large,
violet flowers, 1–2in (5cm) across, are funnel-shaped, sky-blue flowers borne
borne in summer. H to 6ft (2m). from summer to early fall. H to 10ft (3m).
BD Z7–9 H9–7 ADt H11–1

W. brachybotrys W. floribunda ‘Hon-beni’ t
‘Shiro-kapitan’ t
W. brachybotrys
‘White Silk’ t
Plumbago auriculata (Cape leadwort)
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber.
Trusses of sky-blue flowers are
carried from summer to early winter.
H 10–20ft (3–6m).
AD H11–10
W. frutescens t W. frutescens W. sinensis ‘Prolific’ t
‘Longwood Purple’ t
Ceanothus ‘Puget Blue’ Ceanothus ‘Burkwoodii’

Vigorous, evergreen, spreading shrub Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub
with arching branches clothed with producing dense panicles of bright blue
small, oval, wrinkled, dark green leaves. flowers from mid-summer to mid fall.
In mid-spring produces abundant Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves,
clusters of small, deep blue flowers. downy and gray beneath. H 5ft (1.5m),
Is best grown trained as a wall shrub. S 6ft (2m).
H and S 10–13ft (3–4m).
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AD Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z9–10 H10–8
W. floribunda ‘Yae-kokuryu’ t W. frutescens ‘Amethyst Falls’ t
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SUMMER
YELLOW
Thladiantha dubia Grevillea juniperina f. sulphurea Hypericum ‘Rowallane’ Dendromecon rigida

Fast-growing, herbaceous or deciduous, Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with Semievergreen, arching shrub with Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub, best
tendril climber. Oval to heart-shaped, almost needle-like leaves, recurved and oval, rich green leaves. Bears large, grown against a wall. Large, fragrant,
mid-green leaves, 4in (10cm) long, dark green above, silky-haired beneath. bowl-shaped, deep golden-yellow golden-yellow flowers appear amid
are hairy beneath; bell-shaped, yellow Has clusters of small, spidery, pale flowers from mid-summer to mid- or gray-green foliage from spring to fall.
flowers are carried in summer. yellow flowers in spring–summer. late fall. Is cut to ground level in severe H and S 10ft (3m).
H 10ft (3m). H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). winters. H to 6ft (1.8m), S to 3ft (1m).
AD Z8–11 H12–9 ADMt Z9–11 H11–10 BD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z9–11 H11–9

Fremontodendron ‘California Glory’ Lonicera x americana (Honeysuckle)

Very vigorous, evergreen or Very free-flowering, deciduous,
semievergreen, upright shrub. Has woody-stemmed, twining climber.
rounded, lobed, dark green leaves Leaves are oval, upper ones united and
and large, bright yellow flowers from saucer-like. Has clusters of strongly
late spring to mid-fall. H 20ft (6m), fragrant, yellow flowers, flushed with
S 12ft (4m). red-purple, in summer. H to 23ft (7m).
ADt Z8–10 H10–8 BDt Z6–9 H9–6
Piptanthus nepalensis Jasminum humile ‘Revolutum’ Campsis radicans f. flava

Deciduous or semievergreen, open Evergreen, bushy shrub with glossy, Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
shrub with leaves consisting of 3 large, bright green leaves divided into 3–7 oval climber with leaves divided into 7–11
dark blue-green leaflets. Racemes of leaflets. Bears large, fragrant, tubular, oval, toothed leaflets, downy beneath.
pealike, bright yellow flowers appear in upright, bright yellow flowers, with 5 Small clusters of trumpet-shaped, yellow
spring–summer. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). spreading lobes, on long, slender, green flowers, 2½–3in (6–8cm) long, are
shoots from early spring to late fall. produced in late summer and early fall.
H 8ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m). H 40ft (12m).
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AD Z11 H11–9 AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z5–9 H9–3
ORANGE
HONEYSUCKLE
Fragrant, colorful, and easy to grow, honeysuckles (Lonicera)
can illuminate a border, wall, or fence with their distinctive
blooms. They are mainly cultivated for their flowers, which
are tubular or funnel- to bell-shaped, and come in a range of
colors, from the bright golden-yellow of L. etrusca ‘Superba’,
to the deep pink of L. periclymenum ‘Red Gables’. The
genus includes deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen
shrubs and twining climbers, which have a sweet fragrance
that intensifies at night. Honeysuckles need fertile, well-
drained soil, in sun or partial shade. Prune back young
growth soon after flowering. Most produce berries, which
should not be eaten.
L. etrusca ‘Michael Rosse’
L. etrusca ‘Superba’
Thunbergia alata
(Black-eyed Susan vine)
Moderately fast-growing, annual,
twining climber. Has toothed, oval to
heart-shaped leaves and rounded, rather
flat, small flowers, orange-yellow with
very dark brown centers, from early
summer to early fall. H 10ft (3m).
AD Z11–15 H12–10
L. japonica ‘Aureoreticulata’ L. henryi L. sempervirens t
Tropaeolum tuberosum Bomarea multiflora

var. lineamaculatum ‘Ken Aslet’ Herbaceous, twining climber with
Herbaceous climber with yellowish, rounded clusters of 5–40 tubular to
red-streaked tubers and blue-green funnel-shaped, orange-red flowers,
leaves. From mid-summer to fall has spotted crimson within, in summer.
flowers with red sepals and orange H 10–12ft (3–4m).
petals. In cool areas, lift and store tubers
in winter. H to 8ft (2.5m).
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AD Z8–15 H12–8 AD Z11 H12–10
L. periclymenum ‘Serotina’ L. periclymenum ‘Red Gables’
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SUMMER
FALL
ORANGE WHITE RED
Eccremocarpus scaber Campsis x tagliabuana

(Chilean glory flower, Glory vine) ‘Madame Galen’
Evergreen, subshrubby, tendril climber, Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
often grown as an annual. In summer climber with leaves of 7 or more
has racemes of small, orange-red narrowly oval, toothed leaflets.
flowers, followed by inflated fruit Trumpet-shaped, orange-red flowers
pods containing many winged seeds. are borne in pendent clusters from
H 6–10ft (2–3m). late summer to fall. H to 30ft (10m).
AD Z11 H11–10 AD Z5–9 H9–5

Mutisia decurrens Fallopia baldschuanica Vitis ‘Brant’

Evergreen, tendril climber with narrowly (Mile-a-minute plant, Russian vine) Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
oblong leaves, 2¾–5in (7–13cm) long. Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed, climber with lobed, toothed, green
Flower heads, 4–5in (10–13cm) across twining climber with drooping panicles leaves, 4–9in (10–22cm) long. In fall
with red or orange ray flowers, are of pink or white flowers in summer–fall. leaves mature to brown-red, except
produced in summer. Proves difficult H 40ft (12m) or more. for the veins. Produces tiny flowers in
to establish, but is worthwhile. summer, followed by green or purple
H to 10ft (3m). fruits. H to 22ft (7m) or more.
AD Z8–9 H9–8 AE Z5–9 H9–5 BD Z5–9 H9–5
Campsis radicans ‘Flamenco’ Jasminum polyanthum Cotoneaster horizontalis (Rockspray)

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining Deciduous, stiff-branched, spreading
climber with leaves divided into 7–11 climber. Dark green leaves have 5 or shrub. Glossy, dark green leaves redden
oval, toothed leaflets, downy beneath. 7 leaflets. Large clusters of fragrant, in late fall. Bears pinkish-white flowers
Small clusters of trumpet-shaped, 5-lobed, white flowers, sometimes from late spring to early summer,
orange-red flowers, 2½–3in (6–8cm) reddish on the outside, are carried followed by red fruits. H 3ft (1m),
long, are produced in late summer from late summer to winter. S 5ft (1.5m).
and early fall. H 40ft (12m). H 10ft (3m) or more.
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AD Z5–9 H9–3 AD Z9–10 H10–9 ADt Z4–7 H7–3

Pyracantha coccinea ‘Mohave’ Parthenocissus tricuspidata
Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub with (Boston ivy)
oval, dark green leaves. Dense clusters Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers in tendril climber. Has spectacular,
early summer are followed by spherical, crimson, fall leaf color and dull blue
bright red fruits. H and S 12ft (4m). berries. Will cover large expanses
of wall. H to 70ft (20m).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 BDt Z4–8 H8–1
Celastrus orbiculatus ‘Diana’ Vitis coignetiae (Crimson glory vine) Cayratia thomsonii Parthenocissus tricuspidata ‘Lowii’
Vigorous, deciduous, twining climber Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed, Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
with small, rounded, toothed leaves. tendril climber. Large leaves, brown- climber. Has glossy, green leaves with tendril climber with deeply cut and
Clusters of 2–4 small, green flowers are haired beneath, are brightly colored 5 leaflets that turn red-purple in fall, crinkled, 3–7-lobed leaves that turn
borne in summer. Tiny, long-lasting, in fall. Has tiny, pale green flowers in and black berries. Provide some shade crimson in fall. Has insignificant
green fruit turns black in fall and finally summer, followed by purplish-bloomed, for best fall color. H to 30ft (10m). flowers, followed by dull blue berries.
splits, showing yellow insides and red black berries. H to 50ft (15m). H to 70ft (20m).
seeds. H to 46ft (14m).
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CD Z4–8 H8–1 BD Z5–9 H9–5 BDt Z4–8 H8–1 BDt Z4–8 H8–1
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FALL
PURPLE
Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea’

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber with toothed, 3- or 5-lobed,
purplish leaves, white-haired when
young. Has tiny, pale green flowers
in summer and tiny, green or purple
berries. H to 23ft (7m).
AD Z6–9 H9–6

Billardiera longiflora
Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with narrow leaves. Small,
bell-shaped, sometimes purple-tinged,
green-yellow flowers are produced
singly in leaf axils in summer, followed
by purple-blue fruits in fall. H to 6ft (2m).
BD Z8–9 H9–8
Ampelopsis megalophylla Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Parthenocissus tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’

Vigorous, deciduous climber with var. maximowiczii Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
glaucous shoots and large, pinnate to Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril climber. Has spectacular,
2-pinnate, dark green leaves, glaucous twining, tendril climber with dark green red-purple, fall leaf color and dull
beneath. Axillary clusters of small, green leaves that vary in size and shape. Bears blue berries. Greenish flowers are
flowers, in summer, are followed by inconspicuous, greenish flowers in insignificant. H to 70ft (20m).
small, top-shaped, purple fruits that summer, followed by pinkish-purple,
later turn black. H 30ft (10m). later bright blue berries. H to 15ft (5m).
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AD Z5–8 H8–1 BD Z5–8 H8–2 BDt Z4–8 H8–1
GREEN YELLOW
Hedera helix ‘Glacier’ x Fatshedera lizei (Tree ivy)

Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging Evergreen, loose-branched shrub
climber or trailing perennial bearing that forms a mound of deeply lobed,
5-lobed, silvery-gray-green leaves. glossy, deep green leaves. May also
H 10ft (3m). be trained as a climber. Sprays of
small, white flowers appear in fall.
H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 10ft (3m).
BDt Z5–11 H11–6 AD Z8–11 H12–8

Acacia dealbata
(Mimosa, Silver wattle)
Fast-growing, evergreen, spreading
tree. Has feathery, blue-green leaves
with many leaflets. Racemes of globular,
fragrant, bright yellow flower heads
are borne in winter–spring. H 50ft (15m),
S 50ft (15m).
AD Z9–11 H11–1
Garrya elliptica ‘James Roof’ Hedera colchica ‘Sulphur Heart’ Hedera helix ‘Oro di Bogliasco’ Itea ilicifolia
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with Evergreen, self-clinging climber or Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging Evergreen, bushy shrub with arching
oval, wavy-edged, leathery, dark green trailing perennial with large, oval, climber or trailing perennial bearing shoots and oval, sharply toothed, glossy,
leaves. Very long, gray-green catkins, unlobed leaves variegated yellow and 5-lobed, dark green leaves with bright dark green leaves. Long, catkin-like
with yellow anthers, are borne from light green. Is suitable for growing yellow centers. Is slow to establish, racemes of small, greenish flowers
mid- or late winter to early spring. against a wall. H 15ft (5m). then grows rapidly; is not suitable appear in late summer and early fall.
H and S 12ft (4m). for groundcover. H 20ft (6m). H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 10ft (3m).
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AD Z8–11 H11–8 BDt Z6–11 H11–1 BDt Z5–11 H12–6 AD Z7–9 H9–7
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PERENNIALS
One of the largest plant groups, perennials offer seasonal color,
fragrance, form and texture, with a wealth of plants to suit
every size and style of garden. They are traditionally grown
in herbaceous borders, using a wall or hedge as the backdrop
for the main summer display, but since most gardens are not
large enough for long borders solely devoted to perennials, they
are usually grown in mixed borders, together with shrubs,
annuals, biennials, and bulbs that extend the seasons of interest.
Although some perennials are evergreen, most die back in fall
and emerge again in spring. While this can leave borders bare in
winter, the seedheads and dried stems of some perennials,
including rudbeckias, echinops, and sedums, provide
a beautiful display when others have disappeared.
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PERENNIALS
One of the largest and most versatile plant groups, perennials offer SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
a seasonally changing diversity of color, fragrance, form, and texture. Large Medium Small
The choice of perennials is vast, and there is a huge choice to suit any over 4ft 2–4ft up to 2ft
(1.2m) (60cm–1.2m) (60cm)
garden style, from traditional to modern.
What are perennials? cultivation needs; you may also find that create a spectacular display in summer.
Perennials are nonwoody plants that live inspiration for garden planting schemes by Today, many people do not have space for
for two or more years and, when mature, looking at natural landscapes for symbiotic such a scheme, and perennials are now
produce flowers annually. The term often planting groups. For example, a deciduous more commonly used in smaller beds and
includes grasses and ferns. Although woodland may feature a range of shade- borders with other plants, such as shrubs,
some perennials are evergreen, most loving ferns that marry well together. bulbs, and annuals. However, the design
are herbaceous and will die back each When perennials are massed together in ideas employed in these large borders can
fall, emerging again in spring. borders, consider their eventual height and be used in more modest schemes, with tall
spread to ensure vigorous types do not plants sited at the back, midrange types in
Choosing perennials overshadow or swamp more delicate plants. the middle, and compact perennials planted
When making your selections, first check at the front, ensuring that all can be seen
that the plants suit the climate, exposure, clearly and no plants are obscured by taller
soil type, and light levels in your garden.
Designing with neighbors. Plants are grouped in swaths of
Plants struggling in unsuitable conditions perennials three or more of the same species, which
will not fulfill their intended purpose if Long herbaceous borders, often 10ft (3m) lends borders a visual unity and rhythm.
they fail to flower or grow to fill their or more in depth, flanked by mowed lawn Groups of tall verbascums, eupatoriums,
allotted space. The best results are usually and backed by a wall or hedge, were and delphiniums create a backdrop for the
achieved by grouping plants with similar traditionally planted with perennials border plants in front, while low, ground-
covering perennials such as Cerastium

tomentosum and Stachys byzantina are

ideal at the front. Superb effects can then
be created by using large specimens as
a focal points, especially those that have
an architectural form, such as cardoons
(Cynara cardunculus) and bear’s breeches
(Acanthus), or a tall grass such as a
miscanthus or Stipa gigantea.
Introduce variety of shape and texture
by combining the rounded forms of sedums
and geraniums with the upright spires of
Kniphofia or salvias, for instance, or finely-
cut Corydalis flexuosa leaves with the
ABOVE Frosted seedheads

Most perennials die down in winter, leaving borders
bare, but a few, such as Echinacea purpurea ‘Kim’s
Knee High’ form decorative seedheads that remain
for many months in winter.
LEFT Contrasting colors and forms

This design focuses on matching the blues and yellows
of delphiniums, echinops, salvias, Thalictrum flavum
214 subsp. glaucum, nepetas, verbascums, and foxgloves.
Contrasting flower forms intensify the effect.
DIVIDING PERENNIALS
This easy method of propagation can be used
to propagate most herbaceous perennials as
well as to rejuvenate large, tired clumps that
are no longer flowering well. You can also
divide newly bought perennials, provided
they are large enough and have clearly divisible
stems, to make the most of your purchases.
Most perennials can be divided in fall or early
spring just as the shoots appear.
bolder outlines of hostas in shady areas. ABOVE Contrasting foliage

In damp, dappled shade, elegant contrasts of foliage
1 Dig up the plant
In early spring, select a clump of plants and
water them well. Cut back any old top growth to
Or use the stems of bleeding heart (Dicentra
form and texture create an atmosphere of lush the ground. Using a fork, lift the clump of plants,
spectabilis) and Polygonatum x hybridum to abundance. A selection of bergenias, hostas, ferns, taking great care to keep the whole rootball intact.
gracefully arch over shorter plants, such as and ligularias are included in this lush scheme.

heucheras and Alchemilla mollis.
When making your selections, consider rudbeckias, and many grasses. These can
the foliage shape, form, and texture as be left to stand and provide interest until
well as flower colors. The boldly pleated new shoots appear in spring. Prairie-style
foliage of veratrums and delicate, pinnate schemes use these types of plants for year-
leaves of Polemonium caeruleum are worthy round interest; rather than planting in long
of consideration, while furry verbascums borders, perennials and grasses are used
are seductively tactile. in large bold groups, with tall see-through
The disadvantage of planting herbaceous plants in front of shorter ones. Just a
perennials is that the garden looks bare in few plant species are used, and repeated
winter, unless you plant sturdy types with to mirror nature. The effects of prairie
long-lasting seedheads, such as sedum, schemes are best seen in larger gardens.
STAKING BORDER PERENNIALS 2 Divide with forks

Cut solid crowns into portions with a spade
or old bread knife. If you cannot pry other pieces
apart by hand, use two forks held back-to-back
Many tall perennials, such as delphiniums and achilleas, become top-heavy and to split the clump into smaller sections.
require some form of support. If you provide plant supports early in the season,
the plants will grow through and disguise them. Plants staked at a later date,
especially once they have already flopped, always tend to look trussed up.
Using canes
Bamboo canes are ideal for
supporting tall flowers such as
Using twiggy sticks
Plants with moundlike growth
will grow through and be
Using metal spirals
Metal spirals provide good
support for perennials such
3 Replant the divisions
Discard the dead central portions of overgrown
clumps. Replant healthy, hand-sized pieces with
delphiniums. Use soft twine to supported by twiggy sticks as this Pimpinella and also strong buds in soil improved with well-rotted organic
tie the stems to the supports. placed around stems in spring. make decorative features. matter, such as manure. Water in well.
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LARGE
SUMMER
WHITE PINK PURPLE
Sanguisorba tenuifolia ‘Alba’ Romneya coulteri (Tree poppy) Cynara cardunculus (Cardoon)
Clump-forming, upright perennial Vigorous, bushy, subshrubby perennial, Stately perennial with large clumps
with branched, slender stems and grown for its large, fragrant, white of arching, pointed, divided, silver-
pinnate, toothed leaves. Pendent, flowers, with prominent centers of gray leaves, above which rise large,
bottlebrush-like spikes of fluffy, white golden stamens, that appear in late thistle-like, blue-purple flower heads
flowers are borne in late summer. summer. Has deeply divided, gray borne singly on sturdy, gray stems
H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (90cm). leaves. H and S 6ft (2m). in summer. Flower heads dry well.
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
AE Z9–7 H7–1 AD Z8–10 H9–2 AD Z7–10 H9–1

Crambe cordifolia Epilobium angustifolium f. album Eremurus robustus Veratrum nigrum

Robust perennial with clouds of (White rosebay) Upright perennial with straplike leaves (Black false hellebore)
small, fragrant, white flowers borne Vigorous, upright perennial bearing that die back during summer as huge Erect, stately perennial that from late
in branching sprays in summer sprays of pure white flowers along racemes of cup-shaped, pink blooms summer onward bears long spikes of
above mounds of large, crinkled wandlike stems in late summer. appear. Cover crowns in winter with chocolate-purple flowers at the ends
and lobed, dark green leaves. Leaves are small and lance-shaped. compost or straw. Needs staking. of sturdy, upright stems. Stems are
H to 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). May spread rapidly. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), H to 10ft (3m), S to 4ft (1.2m). clothed with ribbed, oval to narrowly
S 20in (50cm) or more. oval leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z3–7 H7–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5 BEt Z6–9 H9–6
Artemisia lactiflora (White mugwort) Impatiens tinctoria Macleaya microcarpa Phormium ‘Dazzler’
Vigorous, erect perennial. Many sprays Vigorous, upright, tuberous perennial ‘Kelway’s Coral Plume’ Evergreen, upright perennial with
of creamy-white buds open to off-white with fleshy, branched stems and oval, Clump-forming perennial that in tufts of bold, stiff, pointed leaves in
flowers in summer. Dark green leaves toothed, dark green leaves. In late summer produces branching spikes of tones of yellow, salmon-pink, orange-red
are jagged-toothed. Needs staking summer produces large, night-scented, rich pink-buff flowers. Large, rounded, and bronze. Bluish-purple stems carry
and is best as a foil to stronger colors. white-and-purple flowers. Needs shelter lobed leaves are gray-green above, panicles of reddish flowers in summer.
H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 20in (50cm). and fertile soil. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). gray-white beneath. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), H 6–8ft (2–2.5m) in flower, S 3ft (1m).
S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
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AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD H11–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1 AE Z9–11 H11–2
DELPHINIUMS
Delphiniums make a bold statement in summer gardens,
with their elegant, showy spires of single or double flowers.
Their classic color is blue, but hybrids are now available in
a broad range of colors, from white and pastel shades of
pink and lilac, to rich mauves, violet-purples, and new red
selections. Grow tall delphiniums in a mixed border or island
bed, and dwarf types in a rock garden. Plants thrive in full
sun and well-drained soil, and apart from dwarf species
and cultivars, all require staking to support their heavy
flower spikes. In growth, water all plants freely, applying
a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2–3 weeks. Deadhead
by cutting spent flower spikes back to small, flowering
side shoots. Protect plants from slugs and snails.
D. ‘Gillian Dallas’ t D. ‘Can-Can’ t
D. ‘Olive Poppleton’ t D. ‘Sandpiper’ t D. ‘Langdon’s Royal Flush’ t D. ‘Min’ t D. ‘Cliveden Beauty’ t
D. ‘Elizabeth Cook’ t D. ‘Spindrift’ t
D. ‘Bruce’ t D. grandiflorum
‘Blue Butterfly’ t
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D. ‘Red Caroline’ t D. ‘Lucia Sahin’ t D. ‘Michael Ayres’ t D. ‘Alice Artindale’ t D. ‘Loch Leven’ t
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LARGE
SUMMER
PURPLE BLUE
Thalictrum ‘Elin’ Galega x hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’ Meconopsis grandis

Clump-forming perennial with fernlike, Vigorous, upright perennial with (Himalyan Blue poppy)
blue-green leaves. Erect, sturdy, spikes of small, pealike, blue and Erect perennial with oblong, slightly
purplish-green stems bear billowing pinkish-white flowers in summer above toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves produced
panicles of tiny, fluffy, creamy-yellow bold leaves divided into oval leaflets. in rosettes at the base. Sturdy stems bear
and purple flowers in summer. Needs staking. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). slightly nodding, cup-shaped, deep blue
H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (90cm) or more. flowers in early summer. Divide every 2–3
years. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 12in (30cm).
ADZ5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–11 H11–5 CEM Z5–8 H8–5
HIMALAYAN POPPIES
With delicate flowers in a wide range
of colors, including beautiful shades
of sky blue, Meconopsis (Himalayan
poppies) are striking garden plants.
Some also have attractive rosettes of
foliage that develop slowly before the
first flowers appear. Many are suited to
moist, woodland conditions in light or
partial shade, and acidic, well-drained
soil; others are best treated as alpines in
raised beds or troughs. All prefer cooler
conditions. Most of the big blue poppy
cultivars are sterile and very long-lived.
Other Meconopsis are monocarpic
perennials, living for a few years before
flowering, setting seed, and then dying.
M. x cookei ‘Old Rose’ M. Infertile Blue Group M. Infertile Blue Group

‘Slieve Donard’ ‘Crewdson Hybrid’
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M. baileyi ‘Alba’ M. ‘Marit’ M. Fertile Blue Group ‘Lingholm’ M. ‘Jimmy Bayne’ M. napaulensis of gardens
GREEN YELLOW
Angelica archangelica (Angelica) Acanthus mollis ‘Hollard’s Gold’ Inula magnifica

Upright perennial, usually grown as Semievergreen perennial with large, Robust, clump-forming, upright
a biennial, with deeply divided, bright oval, deeply cut, glossy leaves. New perennial with a mass of lance-shaped
green leaves and white or green flowers leaves are golden-yellow, fading to to elliptic, rough leaves. Leafy stems
in late summer. Stems have culinary green. Spires of white and mauve bear terminal heads of large, daisylike,
usage and when crystallized may be flowers are borne in summer. yellow flower heads in late summer.
used for confectionery decoration. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Needs staking. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (1m).
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
AD Z4–9 H9–1 BD Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z5–8 H8–5

Ferula communis (Giant fennel) Delphinium ‘Sungleam’
Upright perennial. Large, cow-parsley- Elatum Group herbaceous perennial
like umbels of yellow flowers are borne with spikes, 16–30in (40–75cm) long,
from late spring to summer on the of semidouble, white flowers, 2–3in
tops of stems that arise from a mound (5–7cm) across, overlaid with pale
of finely cut, mid-green foliage. yellow and with yellow eyes, produced
H 6–7ft (2–2.3m), S 3–4ft (1–1.2m). in mid-summer. H 5½–6ft (1.7–2m),
S 24–36in (60–90cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 ADt Z3–7 H8–3
Musa basjoo (Japanese banana) Verbascum olympicum Ligularia ‘The Rocket’

Evergreen, palmlike, suckering perennial Semievergreen, rosette-forming Clump-forming perennial with
with arching leaves to 3ft (1m) long. biennial or short-lived perennial. triangular, deeply toothed leaves
Has drooping, pale yellow flowers with Branching stems, arising from felt- on tall stems. In summer produces
brownish bracts in summer followed like, gray foliage at the plant base, dark-stemmed racemes of daisylike,
by green fruits. H 10–15ft (3–5m), bear sprays of 5-lobed, bright golden bright yellow flower heads.
S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). flowers from mid-summer onward. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (1m).
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
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AD Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z5–9 H9–5 BE Z4–8 H8–1
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LARGE
SUMMER FALL
ORANGE WHITE PINK
Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra

‘Light of Loddon’
Upright perennial bearing dahlia-like,
double, bright orange flower heads
on strong stems in late susmmer. Dark
green leaves are coarse and serrated.
H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm).
AD Z4–9 H9–1

Hedychium x moorei ‘Tara’ Cimicifuga simplex Thalictrum delavayi ‘Hewitt’s Double’

Erect, rhizomatous perennial with Upright perennial with arching spikes Clump-forming perennial with fernlike,
stout, leafy stems bearing lance-shaped, of tiny, slightly fragrant, star-shaped, mid-green leaves. Bears large billowing
gray-green leaves. Cylindrical racemes white flowers in fall. Leaves are panicles of tiny, double, lavender flowers
of tubular, spidery, scented, orange glossy and divided. Needs staking. from late summer to fall. H 5ft (1.5m ),
flowers, with prominent stamens, H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 24in (60cm). S 24in (60cm) or more.
are borne in late summer. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 2ft (60cm) or more.
AD Z8–10 H10–8 BE Z4–8 H11–1 AD Z4–7 H7–1
Eremurus x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’ Leucanthemella serotina Anemone x hybrida ‘Honorine Jobert’ Veronicastrum virginicum
Clump-forming perennial with narrowly Erect perennial with lance-shaped, Vigorous branching perennial. Slightly ‘Fascination’
strap-shaped, soft green leaves. In toothed, dark green leaves. Leafy cupped, white flowers with contrasting Upright perennial with stout stems
summer produces stout, dense spikes stems produce sprays of large, yellow stamens are carried on wiry bearing erect racemes of tiny, star-
of star-shaped, coppery-orange flowers. green-centered, white flower heads stems in late summer and early fall shaped, mauve flowers, which are darker
H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm). in late fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm). above deeply divided, dark green leaves. at the tips, in mid- and late summer.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm). Has lance-shaped, whorled, dark green
leaves. H 5ft (1.5cm), S 16in (40cm).
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AD Z5–8 H8–5 BE Z4–9 H9–1 BDt Z4–8 H8–5 AD Z4–8 H8–3
PURPLE
Salvia involucrata ‘Bethellii’ Eupatorium maculatum ‘Riesenschirm’ Verbena bonariensis

Subshrubby perennial that produces Upright, deciduous perennial with Perennial with a basal clump of
long racemes of large, cerise-crimson rounded, fluffy, purple-pink flower heads dark green leaves. Upright, wiry
blooms, with pink bracts, in late summer in late summer, which are attractive to stems carry tufts of tiny, purplish-
and fall. Leaves are oval to heart-shaped. insects. Oval to lance-shaped, reddish- blue flowers in summer–fall.
H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 3ft (1m). green leaves are arranged in whorls up H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm).
purple stems. Is superb for the back of
a deep border. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m).
AD Z11–15 H12–10 AE Z5–11 H9–1 AD Z7–11 H12–7
ECHINACEA
Admired for their cone and daisylike
flowers, Echinacea cultivars have
expanded their repertoire; while once
they were restricted to purple, pink,
and white, a range of green, orange,
yellow, and red flowers are now
available, as well as double-flowered
forms. They create bold and beautiful E. ‘Harvest Moon’
late summer and early fall displays,
and the faded flower heads also offer
structural interest into winter. Grow
plants in well-drained, humus-rich soil
in full sun, although they will tolerate
some shade. Protect young plants
from slug and snail damage.
E. angustifolia E. paradoxa
E. purpurea ‘Doubledecker’ E. purpurea ‘Razzmatazz’
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E. purpurea ‘Coconut Lime’ E. purpurea ‘Fragrant Angel’ E. purpurea ‘Magnus’ E. purpurea ‘Sundown’
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LARGE
FALL
JAPANESE ANEMONES YELLOW

These useful plants fill the late summer and early fall
garden with single or double flowers held on slender
stems above handsome, divided, groundcovering foliage.
The blooms are available in white and shades of pink
and purple and are ideal for the middle to back of mixed
borders, and in woodland gardens, injecting interest
when many other flowers have faded. Border anemones
are easy to grow, and thrive in a wide range of soil
conditions and in sun or light shade. Once the plants
are established, they develop into large clumps,
which can be lifted and divided in fall or spring.
Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Goldquelle’

Erect perennial. In late summer and
fall, daisylike, double, bright yellow
flower heads with green centers are
borne singly on stout stems. Has
deeply divided, mid-green foliage.
H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 2–2½ft (60–75cm).
AD Z3–9 H9–1
A. hupehensis var. japonica
‘Bressingham Glow’ t
A. x hybrida ‘Robustissima’ A. hupehensis var. japonica

‘Pamina’
Helianthus ‘Lemon Queen’ Helianthus x multiflorus
Vigorous, upright, rhizomatous ‘Loddon Gold’
perennial with stout, branched stems Upright perennial bearing showy,
bearing oval, rough, dark green leaves. large, vivid deep yellow flower heads
Bears masses of large, daisylike, pale with rounded, double centers in late
yellow flower heads in summer–fall. summer and early fall. Needs staking
H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm) or more. and may spread quickly. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 2ft (60cm).
ADZ4–9 H9–1 ADt Z5–9 H9–5

A. x hybrida
‘Königin Charlotte’
A. x hybrida A. hupehensis ‘Praecox’

‘September Charm’ t
Helianthus salicifolius
(Willow-leaved sunflower)
Upright, clump-forming perennial
grown for its whorls of lance-shaped,
dark green leaves. Clusters of daisylike,
yellow flowers are borne on branching
stems in fall. Is best at the back of a
border. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.
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AD Z6–9 H9–6
A. x hybrida ‘Whirlwind’ A. hupehensis ‘Bowles’s Pink’
MEDIUM
SPRING
WHITE PINK PURPLE
Ranunculus aconitifolius Dicentra spectabilis

Vigorous, clump-forming perennial (Bleeding heart, Dutchman’s trousers)
with deeply divided, dark green leaves. Leafy perennial forming a hummock
Single, white flowers, about 1in (3cm) of fernlike, mid-green foliage, above
across, are borne in spring and early which rise arching stems of pendent,
summer. H and S 3ft (1m). heart-shaped, pinkish-red and white
flowers in late spring and summer.
H 30in (75cm), S 20in (50cm).
AE Z5–9 H9–5 BDt Z3–9 H9–1

Smilacina racemosa Polygonatum x hybridum Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata
(False spikenard) (Solomon’s seal) ‘Black Barlow’
Arching perennial. Has oval, light green Arching, leafy perennial with fleshy Clump-forming, perennial with mid-green
leaves terminating in feathery sprays of rhizomes. In late spring, clusters of leaves divided into lobed leaflets. In later
white flowers that appear from spring to small, pendent, tubular, greenish-white spring and early summer bears dark
mid-summer and are followed by fleshy, flowers are produced in axils of neat, purple, bell-shaped flowers, with no spurs,
reddish fruits. H 30–36in (75–90cm), oval leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). and spreading petals in shades of blue or
S 18in (45cm). pink. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm).
BE Z4–9 H9–1 CDt Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z3–8 H8–1
Dicentra spectabilis f. alba Diascia personata Geranium phaeum

Leafy perennial forming a hummock Semievergreen, semi-erect perennial (Mourning widow)
of fernlike, deeply cut, light green foliage with masses of lobed, dusky-pink flowers Clump-forming perennial with lobed,
with arching sprays of pendent, held in spires from late spring to the soft green leaves and maroon-purple
heart-shaped, pure white flowers first frosts. Small, narrowly ovate, mid- flowers, with reflexed petals, borne
in late spring and summer. H 24–30in green leaves are borne on rather lax, on rather lax stems in late spring.
(60–75cm), S 24in (60cm). brittle stems, which require support. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).
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BDt Z3–9 H9–1 ADZ8–9 H9–7 CD Z4–8 H8–1
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IRISES
Few other perennials show such diversity of flower color
as irises; and you will find one for almost every position in
the garden. They have a long flowering season, the earliest
appearing in the first months of the year, the latest in
early fall. Their flowers often have “beards” (short hairs)
or crests that add to their appeal, while a few are grown I. ‘Ringo’ t [bearded] I. ensata ‘Rose Queen’ t I. japonica t [Evansia]
[bearded]
for their foliage or seed heads. The genus is classified into
many divisions. Of these, the easiest to grow are the bearded,
crested, and Xiphium irises. Siberian and Japanese types
are ideal for bog gardens or watersides, but they will tolerate
drier sites. Juno, Oncocyclus, and Regelia irises are more
difficult to grow, though their beautiful flowers are worth
the effort. For more information, see the Plant Dictionary.
I. ‘Bold Print’ t [bearded] I. ‘Autumn Circus’ t [bearded]
I. ‘Green Spot’ t [bearded] I. hoogiana t [Regelia] I. x robusta ‘Gerald Darby’ t

[beardless]
I. confusa t [crested] I. ensata ‘Moonlight Waves’ t I. ‘Mountain Lake’ t [Siberian] I. cristata t [Evansia]
[beardless]
I. ‘Dreaming Yellow’ t I. ‘Champagne Elegance’ t I. sanguinea ‘Snow Queen’ t I. unguicularis subsp. cretensis I. ‘Oriental Eyes’ t [beardless]
[Siberian] [bearded] [beardless] t [beardless]
I. magnifica t [Juno] I. germanica ‘Florentina’ t

[bearded]
224
I. bucharica t [Juno] I. ‘Frost and Flame’ t [bearded] I. orientalis t [beardless] I. ‘English Cottage’ t [bearded] I. ‘Deep Black’ t [bearded]
I. variegata t [bearded] I. winogradowii t [Reticulata]
I. ‘Tropic Night’ t [Siberian] I. ‘Joyce’ t [Reticulata] I. ‘Eyebright’ t [bearded] I. ‘Bumblebee Deelite’ t I. pseudacorus t [beardless]
[bearded]
I. versicolor ‘Kermesina’ t [beardless] I. ‘Ola Kala’ t [bearded]
I. ‘Perry’s Blue’ t [beardless] I. ‘Berlin Tiger’ t [beardless]
I. sibirica ‘Papillon’ t [Siberian] I. sibirica ‘Soft Blue’ t

[Siberian]
I. ‘Katharine Hodgkin’ t I. reticulata ‘Cantab’ t I. ‘Kent Pride’ t [bearded] I. ‘Holden Clough’ t

[Reticulata] [Reticulata] [beardless]
225
I. sibirica ‘Shirley Pope’ t [Siberian] I. chrysographes t [Siberian] I. ‘Blue Rhythm’ t [bearded] I. foetidissima t [beardless] I. ‘Carnaby’ t [bearded]
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AQUILEGIAS
Commonly known as columbines, Aquilegia are ideal
cottage garden plants, well suited to growing in borders,
rock gardens, and as fillers between summer-flowering
shrubs. Most are graceful, elegant plants with divided basal
foliage topped in late spring and summer by a succession
of delicate, bell-shaped, usually spurred flowers, although
some have rounded double blooms. They vary in color
from light and dark blue, purple, almost black, dark red,
and pink, to orange, yellow, and white; many are bicolored.
Aquilegia thrive in moist but well-drained soil, and full
sun or dappled shade. They are normally raised from seed,
which is freely produced, and once established, they tend
to self-seed, although most do not come true to type.
A. vulgaris var. stellata A. flabellata var. pumila

‘Ruby Port’
A. ‘Dove’ (Songbird Series) A. ‘Hensol Harebell’ A. vulgaris ‘William Guiness’
A. ‘Bluebird’ (Songbird Series)
A. vulgaris ‘Nivea’ A. ‘Dragonfly’ A. coerulea A. ‘Bunting’ (Songbird Series)
A. triternata
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A. viridiflora A. vulgaris var. stellata ‘Nora Barlow’ A. chrysantha A. longissima A. canadensis
MEDIUM
SPRING
BLUE YELLOW
Chelidonium majus ‘Flore Pleno’ Doronicum columnae ‘Miss Mason’

Upright perennial with divided, Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
bright green leaves and many cup- with heart-shaped leaves. Slender stems
shaped, double, yellow flowers borne bear daisylike, bright yellow flower
on branching sprays in late spring and heads, 3in (8cm) across, held well above
early summer. Seeds freely and is best the foliage, in mid- and late spring.
in a wild garden. H 24–30in (60–90cm), H and S 24in (60cm).
S 12in (30cm).
ADt Z5–8 H8–5 BE Z4–8 H8–1

Symphytum x uplandicum Iris ‘Butter and Sugar’ Asphodeline lutea (Yellow asphodel) Aciphylla aurea (Golden Spaniard)
‘Variegatum’ Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris Neat, clump-forming perennial that Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial
Perennial with large, hairy, gray-green with large, yellow and white flowers bears dense spikes of star-shaped, with long, bayonet-like, yellow-green
leaves that have broad, cream margins. produced from late spring to early yellow flowers amid narrow, gray-green leaves. Bears spikes of golden flowers
In late spring and early summer, pink summer. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. leaves in late spring. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), up to 6ft (2m) tall from late spring to
or blue buds open to tubular, blue S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). early summer. H and S in leaf 24–30in
or purplish-blue flowers. H 3ft (1m), (60–75cm).
S 24in (60cm).
AEt Z3–9 H9–1 AEt Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z8–11 H11–8
Symphytum caucasicum Paeonia mlokosewitschii Euphorbia rigida

Clump-forming perennial carrying Clump-forming perennial with soft Mound-forming, evergreen perennial
clusters of pendent, azure-blue flowers bluish-green leaves, sometimes edged with semi-upright stems with whorls
in spring above rough, hairy, mid-green reddish-purple. Produces large, single, of lance-shaped, blue-green leaves.
foliage. Is best suited to a wild garden. lemon-yellow flowers in late spring and Terminal umbels of bright yellow-
H and S 24–36in (60–90cm). early summer. H and S 30in (75cm). green flowers are borne in spring.
H 24in (60cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.
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AEt Z3–9 H9–1 ADt Z5–8 H8–5 ADt Z7–11 H11–7
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PEONIES
Peonies (Paeonia species and cultivars) are valued for their
showy blooms, filling borders with whites, pinks, yellows, and
reds in late spring and early to mid-summer. Flowers include
single, double, or anemone forms (with broad, outer petals
and a mass of petaloids in the center); some are scented. They
may need support when in full bloom and make good cut P. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ t
[double]
flowers. The foliage is striking, too, often tinged bronze when
young and rich red in fall. As well as many attractive species
and a wide range of herbaceous hybrids, there are several
tree peonies (cultivars of P. suffruticosa), and intersectional
hybrids, which are crosses between the latter two. Peonies
prefer sun but will tolerate light shade, and need rich, well-
drained soil. These long-lived plants resent transplanting
and are best left undisturbed.
P. ‘Kelway’s Fairy Queen’ [semidouble] P. suffruticosa ‘Hana-kisoi’ t

[tree peony]
P. suffruticosa ‘Hakuo-jisi’ P. ‘White Wings’ t [single] P. ‘Whitleyi Major’ t [single] P. ‘Shirley Temple’ t [double] P. ‘Bowl of Beauty’ t P. cambessedesii t [single]
[tree peony] [anemone]
P. ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’

[semidouble]
P. ‘Cheddar Gold’ [semidouble] P. ‘Festiva Maxima’ [double] P. ‘Pillow Talk’ [double] P. suffruticosa ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’ [tree peony]
P. obovata var. alba t [single]
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P. japonica [single] P. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’ [single] P. emodi t [single] P. ‘Coral Charm’ [semidouble]
P. suffrutixcosa ‘Rimpo’ [tree peony]
P. ‘Kelway’s Gorgeous’ t P. ‘Magic Orb’ t [double] P. suffruticosa ‘Cardinal Vaughan’ t [semidouble] P. ‘Bartzella’ [double]
[single]
P. ‘Paul M. Wild’ [double] P. ‘America’ t [single] P. ‘Laura Dessert’ t [double] P. ‘Claire de Lune’ [single]
P. ‘Knighthood’ t [double] P. x lemoinei ‘L’Espérance’ t

[single]
P. ‘Félix Crousse’ [double] P. veitchii t [single] P. ‘Garden Treasure’ [tree peony] P. x lemoinei ‘High Noon’
[tree peony]
P. officinalis ‘Rubra Plena’ t P. peregrina ‘Otto Froebel’ t

[double] [single]
229
P. ‘Buckeye Belle’ [semidouble] P. ‘Thunderbolt’ [single] P. ludlowii t [single]
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
WHITE
Ranunculus aconitifolius Asphodelus albus (White asphodel)

‘Flore Pleno’ Upright perennial with clusters
Clump-forming perennial with deeply of star-shaped, white flowers borne
divided, dark green leaves. Double, in late spring and early summer. Has
pure white flowers are borne on strong, narrow, basal tufts of mid-green leaves.
branched stems in spring–summer. H 3ft (1m), S 1½ft (45cm).
H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 20in (50cm).
AE Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z7–11 H11–7

Libertia grandiflora Leucanthemum x superbum ‘Aglaia’ Phlox paniculata ‘Mount Fuji’

(New Zealand satin flower) Robust perennial with large, daisylike, Upright perennial with star-shaped,
Loosely clump-forming, rhizomatous semidouble, yellow-centered, pure white flowers borne in conical heads in
perennial. In early summer produces white flower heads, on stout, upright late summer. Has oval, mid-green leaves.
spikes of white flowers above grasslike, stems, borne singly in early summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
dark green leaves that turn brown at Has spoon-shaped, toothed, glossy,
the tips. Has decorative seed pods dark green leaves. H 28in (70cm),
in fall. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). S 20in (50cm).
AD Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z5–8 H8–1 BD Z4–8 H8–1
Dictamnus albus var. albus Selinum wallichianum Hesperis matronalis Myrrhis odorata (Sweet Cicely)
(Dittany, gas plant) Upright, architectural perennial with (Dame’s rocket, sweet rocket) Graceful perennial that resembles
Upright perennial bearing, in early dainty, long-lasting, lacy umbels of Upright perennial with long spikes cow parsley. Has aromatic, fernlike,
summer, spikes of fragrant, star-shaped, star-shaped, white flowers, borne of many 4-petaled, white or violet mid-green foliage and fragrant, bright
white flowers with long stamens. on leafy, branched stems, in mid- flowers borne in summer. Flowers creamy-white flowers in early summer.
Light green leaves are divided into and late summer. Has very finely have a strong fragrance in the evening. H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 24in (60cm).
oval leaflets. Dislikes disturbance. divided, fernlike, bright green leaves. Leaves are smooth and narrowly oval.
H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 16in (40cm). H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).
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ADt Z3–8 H8–3 AD Z4–7 H7–4 AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z3–7 H7–1
Aruncus dioicus ‘Kneiffii’ Nicotiana alata Leucanthemum x superbum Morina longifolia

Hummock-forming perennial that has Rosette-forming perennial, often grown ‘Sonnenschein’ Evergreen perennial that produces
deeply cut, feathery leaves with lance- as an annual, that in late summer bears Erect perennial with large, daisylike, rosettes of large, spiny, thistle-like, rich
shaped leaflets on elegant stems and clusters of tubular, creamy-white single, creamy-yellow flower heads, each green leaves. Whorls of hooded, tubular,
bears branching plumes of tiny, star- flowers, pale brownish-violet externally, with a darker yellow center, borne from white flowers, flushed pink within, are
shaped, creamy-white flowers in mid- which are fragrant at night. Has oval, mid- to late summer. Has spoon-shaped, borne well above foliage in mid-summer.
summer. H 3ft (90cm), S 20in (50cm). mid-green leaves. H 30in (75cm), toothed, dark green leaves. May need H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 12in (30cm). staking. H 36in (90cm), S 20in (50cm).
AD Z3–7 H7–1 ADt Z10–11 H11–1 AD Z5–8 H8–1 AD Z6–9 H9–6

Ageratina altissima (Hardy age, Anaphalis triplinervis ‘Sommerschnee’ Gillenia trifoliata
Mist flower, White snakeroot) Variable, clump-forming perennial with Upright perennial with many wiry,
Erect perennial with nettle-like, obovate to elliptic, white-woolly leaves, branching stems carrying clusters
gray-green leaves. In late summer prominently 3-veined. In mid- to late of dainty, white flowers with reddish-
bears dense, flat, white flower heads. summer produces clusters of yellow- brown calyces in summer. Leaves are
H 4ft (1.2m), S 1½ft (45cm). centered flower heads with bright dark green and lance-shaped. Needs
silvery-white bracts. H 20in (50cm), staking. Thrives in most situations.
S 18–24in (45–60cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 24in (60cm).
BE Z4–8 H8–2 AD Z3–8 H8–3 AD Z5–9 H9–5
Gypsophila paniculata ‘Bristol Fairy’ Anaphalis margaritacea Valeriana officinalis Gaura lindheimeri
Perennial with small, dark green leaves (Pearly everlasting) (Cat’s valerian, Common valerian) Bushy perennial with racemes of
and wiry, branching stems bearing Bushy perennial that has lance-shaped, Clump-forming, fleshy perennial that star-shaped, 4-petaled, butterfly-like,
panicles of tiny, double, white flowers in gray-green or silvery-gray leaves with bears spikes of white to deep pink pink-tinged or white flowers, borne on
summer. H 2–2½ft (60–75cm), S 3ft (1m). white margins and many heads of flowers in summer. Leaves are deeply wand-like stems, in summer. Leaves
small, white flowers on erect stems toothed and mid-green. Has the are lance-shaped and mid-green. Grows
in late summer. Flower heads dry well. disadvantage of attracting cats. well with grasses and other dainty
H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 24in (60cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). perennials. H 5ft (1.5m), S 36in (90cm).
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
ASTILBES PINK
These elegant, colorful, tough perennials are useful
plants for moist sites. Their feathery plumes open
mainly in summer and are composed of hundreds,
sometimes thousands, of tiny flowers that create
diverse forms, from dense and upright to open and
arching. Colors range from white through shades
of pink to deep reds and purples. The blooms are set
against neatly lobed or divided foliage, which, in some
cultivars, has attractive metallic, bronze, or red tints.
All prefer moist soil—they tolerate clay well—in sun
or partial shade, and they make compact clumps in
bog or waterside gardens. Watch out for signs of plant
collapse as astilbes are susceptible to vine weevil attack.
Linaria purpurea ‘Canon J. Went’
Upright perennial bearing spikes
of snapdragon-like, pink blooms with
orange-tinged throats from mid- to
late summer. Has narrow, gray-green
leaves. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5
A. ‘Sprite’
A. ‘Deutschland’ A. ‘Straussenfeder’ A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’
Tanacetum coccineum Lupinus ‘The Chatelaine’

‘Eileen May Robinson’ Clump-forming perennial carrying
Upright perennial with slightly spikes of pink-and-white flowers above
aromatic, feathery leaves. Daisylike, divided, mid-green foliage in early
pink flowers with yellow centers are summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).
produced on strong stems in summer.
H to 30in (75cm), S to 18in (45cm).
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 ADt Z5–8 H8–5
A. ‘Europa’ A. ‘Feuer’ A. ‘Montgomery’
Malva moschata Centaurea pulcherrima

Bushy, branching perennial producing Upright perennial with deeply cut,
successive spikes of saucer-shaped, silvery leaves. Rose-pink flower heads,
rose-pink flowers during early summer. with thistle-like centers paler than
Narrow, lobed, divided leaves are surrounding star-shaped ray petals,
slightly scented. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), are borne singly on slender stems in
S 2ft (60cm). summer. H 2½ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).
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AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1
A. ‘Irrlicht’ A. ‘Granat’ A. ‘Amethyst’
Mirabilis jalapa Geranium psilostemon

(Four o’clock flower, Marvel of Peru) Clump-forming perennial that has
Bushy, tuberous perennial. Fragrant, broad, deeply cut leaves with good
trumpet-shaped, crimson, pink, white fall color and many cup-shaped, single,
or yellow flowers, opening in evening, black-centered, magenta flowers in
cover mid-green foliage in summer. mid-summer. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 2–2½ft (60–75cm).
ADt Z10–11 H11–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5

Physostegia virginiana ‘Variegata’ Penstemon ‘Evelyn’
Erect perennial. In late summer Semievergreen, bushy perennial with
produces spikes of tubular, purplish- racemes of small, tubular, pink flowers
pink blooms that can be placed into produced from mid-summer to mid-
position. Toothed, mid-green leaves sfall. Broadly lance-shaped leaves
are white-variegated. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), are mid-green. H and S 18in (45cm).
S 24in (60cm).
AE Z2–8 H8–1 AD Z7–10 H11–3
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Monarda ‘Croftway Pink’ Sidalcea ‘Oberon’

‘Thundercloud’ Clump-forming perennial carrying Upright perennial with rounded, deeply
Clump-forming perennial with a whorls of hooded, soft pink blooms cut leaves divided into narrowly oblong
mass of fernlike, silvery-green leaves. throughout summer above neat segments. In summer, produces racemes
Bunched heads of fluffy, dark lilac mounds of aromatic foliage. of shallowly cup-shaped, clear pink
flowers, on sturdy stems, are borne H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). flowers. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
in summer. H 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 233

AE Z4–9 H9–2 AD Z5–7 H8–2
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
PINK
Astilbe ‘Venus’ Lythrum salicaria ‘Feuerkerze’ Echinacea purpurea ‘Robert Bloom’ Rehmannia elata
Leafy perennial bearing feathery, Clump-forming perennial for a Upright perennial. Has lance-shaped, Straggling perennial bearing foxglove-
tapering plumes of tiny, pale pink waterside or bog garden. Bears spikes dark green leaves and large, daisylike, like, yellow-throated, rose-purple
flowers in summer. Foliage is broad of intense rose-red blooms from mid- to deep crimson-pink flower heads, with flowers in leaf axils of notched,
and divided into leaflets; flowers late summer. Small, lance-shaped leaves conical, brown centers, borne singly on stem-clasping, soft leaves from
remain on the plant, dried and brown, are borne on flower stems. H 3ft (1m), strong stems in summer. Needs rich soil. early to mid-summer. H 3ft (1m),
well into winter. Prefers rich soil. S 1½ft (45cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). S 1½ft (45cm). Min. 34ºF (1ºC).
H and S to 3ft (1m).
BE Z3–8 H8–2 AE Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD H11–10
PERSICARIA
In recent years Persicaria have
increased in popularity, as gardeners
realize the value of these plants in a
range of different situations. Most
flower profusely for many weeks in
summer, while those with handsome
foliage are prized for the beauty of their
leaves rather than their flowers. Taller P. ‘Red Dragon’
selections are usually self-supporting,
while lower-growing types form
weed-suppressing groundcover. Grow
Persicaria in moist soil in sun or partial
shade; P. bistorta tolerates drier soil.
A word of warning: some, such as
P. ‘Red Dragon’, can be invasive and
need to be kept under control.
P. campanulata ‘Rosenrot’
P. campanulata t P. affinis ‘Superba’ P. virginiana ‘Lance Corporal’
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P. polymorpha P. bistorta ‘Superba’ t P. amplexicaulis ‘Firetail’ t P. virginiana ‘Painter’s Palette’ t
RED
Knautia macedonica Hedysarum coronarium

Upright perennial with deeply divided (French honeysuckle)
leaves and many rather lax, branching Spreading, shrubby perennial or
stems bearing double, almost globular, biennial. Spikes of pealike, bright
bright crimson flower heads in summer. red flowers are produced in summer
Needs staking. H 30in (75cm), above divided, mid-green leaves.
S 24in (60cm). H and S 3ft (1m).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1

Achillea ‘Fanal’ Phlox paniculata ‘Prince of Orange’ Hemerocallis ‘Red Precious’
Herbaceous perennial with slightly Upright perennial with tubular, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
grayish-green, fernlike leaves that forms 5-lobed, orange-red flowers borne bearing small, intensely red flowers,
spreading, drought-resistant clumps. in conical heads in late summer. Has with a slim, greenish-yellow stripe
In early summer bears flat-topped, bold oval, mid-green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), on each petal and a golden throat,
crimson flower heads that atttract bees S 2ft (60cm). in late summer. H and S 20in (50cm).
and butterflies. H 30in (75cm),
S 24in (60cm).
AD Z3–9 H9–1 BD Z4–8 H8–1 AE Z3–10 H11–2
Lychnis chalcedonica Monarda ‘Cambridge Scarlet’ Papaver orientale

(Jerusalem cross, Maltese cross) Clump-forming perennial that ‘Beauty of Livermere’
Neat, clump-forming perennial that throughout summer bears whorls Hairy-leaved perennial with deep,
bears flat heads of small, vermilion of hooded, rich red flowers above fleshy roots. Large, solitary, cup-shaped,
flowers at the tips of sturdy stems in neat mounds of aromatic, hairy foliage. crimson-scarlet flowers, with a black
early summer. Foliage is mid-green. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). mark at the base of each petal, are
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 12–18in (30–45cm). borne from late spring to mid-summer.
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
235
AD Z3–8 H8–1 AE Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z3–9 H9–1
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PENSTEMONS
Valued for their racemes of foxglovelike flowers,
penstemons are elegant and reliable border perennials.
Numerous cultivars are available, in colors that include
white, pale and dark pink, warm cherry red, clear blue,
and shades of purple. Many flowers have contrasting white
throats or are streaked with other colors. Penstemons flower
prolifically in summer and the display can be prolonged,
provided the plants are regularly deadheaded. Some taller
cultivars may need staking. All types thrive in well-drained
soil, preferably in full sun. Some are not fully hardy, and
where winters are severe, plants should be overwintered in
a cold frame. Plants are more likely to survive frost if grown
in a sheltered spot and mulched in fall. Penstemons are simple
to propagate, and can easily be raised from cuttings.
P. ‘Stromboli’ P. ‘Hidcote Pink ’ P. ‘Stapleford Gem’
P. fruticosus var. scouleri f. albus P. ‘White Bedder’ P. ‘Apple Blossom’ P. ‘Alice Hindley’
P. ‘The Juggler’ P. digitalis ‘Husker Red’
P. ‘Beech Park’ P. ‘Mother of Pearl’
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P. ‘Margery Fish ’ P. ‘Flamingo’ P. ‘Osprey’ P. kunthii
P. ‘Rubicundus’ P. glaber
P. ‘Schoenholzeri’ P. ‘Russian River’ P. ‘Raven’
P. ‘Sour Grapes’ P. ‘King George V’ P. ‘Andenken an Friedrich Hahn’ P. ‘Papal Purple’ P. whippleanus
P. ‘Burgundy’ P. ‘Pensham Just Jayne’ P. ‘Port Wine’ P. ‘Hopleys Variegated’
237
P. ‘Chester Scarlet’ P. barbatus P. ‘Cherry Ripe’ P. heterophyllus ‘Heavenly Blue’
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
RED PURPLE
Astrantia major ‘Ruby Wedding’ Cosmos atrosanguineus Filipendula purpurea Geranium palmatum
Clump-forming perennial producing (Chocolate cosmos) Upright perennial with deeply Evergreen perennial with large, palmate,
ruby-red flower heads on tall, slender Upright, tuberous perennial with divided leaves. Produces large, bright, rather glossy, light green leaves
stems throughout summer above a mass chocolate-scented, maroon-crimson terminal heads of masses of tiny, held on sturdy stalks, growing from a
of divided, purple-flushed, mid-green flower heads in late summer. In warm rich reddish-purple flowers in central, rather woody stem. In early
leaves. H and S 24in (60cm). sites tubers may overwinter if protected. summer. Makes a good waterside summer has tall, branched stems of
H 24in (60cm) or more, S 18in (45cm). plant. H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). 5-petaled, magenta flowers. H 3ft (1m),
S 2ft (60cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z7–11 H11–1 BE Z4–9 H9–1 BD Z7–9 H9–7
ORIENTAL POPPIES
The large-flowered selections of
Papaver orientale are stars of the
early summer garden, their huge yet
delicate blooms, some with fringed
petals, appearing in profusion above
mounds of hairy foliage. Numerous
selections are available, with flowers
in pastel shades of white, pink, and
plum-purple, or red and orange for
dramatic hot-hued borders. Large
round seed heads keep the display
going for a few more weeks after the
flowers have faded. Poppies thrive
in fertile soil in full sun, but plants
die down in mid-summer; ensure that
other later performers fill the gaps.
P. orientale ‘Karine’ P. ‘Medallion’
P. orientale ‘Turkish Delight’
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P. orientale ‘Black and White’ P. orientale ‘Choir Boy’ P. orientale var. bracteatum P. ‘Fireball’ P. ‘Patty’s Plum’
Dianella tasmanica Geranium sylvaticum ‘Mayflower’

Upright perennial with nodding, Upright perennial with a basal clump
star-shaped, bright blue or purple- of deeply lobed leaves, above which
blue flowers carried in branching rise branching stems of cup-shaped,
sprays in summer, followed by deep violet-blue flowers in early summer.
blue berries in fall. Has untidy, H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm).
evergreen, strap-shaped leaves.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm).
ADM H11–10 BD Z8 H9–8

Acanthus spinosus Geranium pratense Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Veronica spicata ‘Romiley Purple’
Stately perennial that has very large, ‘Mrs. Kendall Clark’ Clump-forming perennial with a mass Clump-forming perennial that in
arching, deeply cut and spiny-pointed, Clump-forming perennial with hairy of finely divided, gray-green leaves, summer freely produces large spikes
glossy, dark green leaves. Spires of stems and deeply divided leaves. In resembling those of maidenhair fern. of purple flowers above whorled,
funnel-shaped, soft mauve and white early and mid-summer, bears erect, Bunched heads of fluffy, lilac-purple mid-green leaves. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
flowers are borne freely in summer. saucer-shaped, pearl-gray or violet-blue flowers are borne on strong stems in S 1–2ft (30–60cm).
H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm) or more. flowers with white or pale pink veins. summer. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 1½ft (45cm).
H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 24in (60cm).
Linaria triornithophora Monarda fistulosa Aconitum x cammarum ‘Bicolor’ Galega orientalis

(Three birds toadflax) Clump-forming perennial that Compact, tuberous perennial with Vigorous, upright but compact perennial
Upright perennial that from early to late produces small heads of lilac-purple violet-blue and white flowers borne that in summer bears spikes of pealike,
summer produces spikes of snapdragon- flowers from mid- to late summer. in summer along upright stems. Has blue-tinged, violet flowers above delicate
like, purple and yellow flowers above H 4ft (1.2m), S 1½ft (45cm). deeply cut, divided, glossy, dark green leaves divided into oval leaflets. Needs
narrow, gray-green leaves. H 3ft (1m), leaves and poisonous roots. H 4ft (1.2m), staking. Spreads freely. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 2ft (60cm). S 20in (50cm). S 2ft (60cm).
239
AD Z7–9 H9–7 AE Z3–9 H9–1 ADt Z3–7 H8–3 AD Z5–8 H8–5
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
PHLOX PURPLE BLUE

Border phlox (cultivars of P. maculata and P. paniculata)
are an elegant mainstay of the mid- to late summer
border. Their dome-shaped or conical panicles of
flowers, often delicately scented, are produced in
white, pink, red, and purple, many with contrasting
eyes. Some cultivars also have strikingly variegated
foliage. Phlox thrive in sun or partial shade in fertile,
well-drained soil; taller types may need staking. For
larger flowers, reduce the number of stems in spring by
pinching out the weakest shoots. To prolong flowering,
deadhead regularly to encourage side shoots to bloom.
Eryngium alpinum
Upright perennial with basal rosettes
of heart-shaped, deeply toothed, glossy
foliage. In summer sturdy stems bear
heads of conical, purplish-blue flower
heads, surrounded by blue bracts
and soft spines. H 2½–3ft (75cm–1m),
S 2ft (60cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6
P. paniculata ‘Fujiyama’ P. paniculata ‘Eva Cullum’
Baptisia australis (False indigo) Agapanthus inapertus

Upright perennial bearing spikes of subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’
pealike, violet-blue flowers in summer. Clump-forming perennial with compact,
Bright green leaves are divided into rounded clusters of pendent, dark
oval leaflets. Dark gray seed pods violet-blue flowers, in summer. Has
may be used for winter decoration. narrowly strap-shaped, rich green
H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). leaves. H 36in (90cm), S 20in (50cm).
AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z9 H11–7

P. paniculata ‘Mia Ruys’ P. paniculata ‘Brigadier’ P. paniculata ‘Windsor’
Erigeron ‘Dunkelste Aller’ Nepeta ‘Six Hills Giant’

Clump-forming perennial with a mass Vigorous, clump-forming perennial
of daisylike, deep purple flower heads, with narrowly oval, toothed, hairy,
with yellow centers, in summer. Has aromatic, gray-green leaves. In
narrowly oval, grayish-green leaves. summer bears loose spikes of
H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm) or more. tubular, 2-lipped, lavender-blue
flowers. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m).
240
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z3–8 H8–1
P. paniculata ‘Norah Leigh’ P. paniculata ‘Amethyst’ P. paniculata ‘Hampton Court’
CAMPANULA
Archetypal cottage garden plants, tall campanulas are
valued for their spires of pastel bell-shaped flowers,
which appear from early- to mid-summer. They make
good candidates for herbaceous borders, naturalistic
planting schemes—perhaps at the edge of a woodland
garden—or with shrubs such as roses. Developments
using C. punctata have produced some superb, compact
plants with dramatic drooping flowers suitable for the
front of the border. C. lactiflora and tall types may need
some support. Most are easily grown in sun or light
shade in reasonably fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
Anchusa azurea ‘Loddon Royalist’ Echinops bannaticus ‘Taplow Blue’

Upright perennial that bears flat, Upright perennial with narrowly oval,
single, deep blue flowers on branching divided, prickly, grayish-green leaves.
spikes in early summer. Most of the Erect stems produce thistle-like,
lance-shaped, coarse, hairy leaves rounded heads of steely-blue flowers
are at the base of plant. Needs staking. from mid- to late summer. Is suitable
H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). even for poor soils. Is attractive to
insects. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).
AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z5–9 H9–5
C. alliariifolia C. punctata ‘Cherry Bells’ C. trachelium ‘Bernice’
Eryngium x oliverianum Agapanthus ‘Northern Star’

Upright perennial that produces large, Clump-forming perennial bearing
rounded heads of thistle-like, blue to large, rounded clusters of inky-blue
lavender-blue flowers in late summer. flowers, with reflexed petals, in summer,
Has heart-shaped, jagged-edged, basal, followed by long-lasting seed heads.
mid-green leaves. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), Has narrowly strap-shaped, mid-green
S 1½–2ft (45–60cm). leaves stained purple at the bases.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.
AD Z5–8 H8–5 ADZ8–11 H12–1

C. lactiflora ‘Loddon Anna’ C. glomerata ‘Superba’
C. persicifolia ‘Chettle Charm’
Agapanthus ‘Purple Cloud’ Aconitum ‘Stainless Steel’

Compact, clump-forming perennial Erect, tuberous perennial with dense
with large, rounded clusters of violet- spikes of hooded, silvery-blue flowers in
blue flowers in summer followed by mid- to late summer, held above deeply
long-lasting seed heads. Has broadly divided, dark green leaves. H 3ft (1m),
strap-shaped, slightly silvery-gray S 2ft (60cm).
leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.
241
ADZ9–11 H12–7 AEtZ4–8 H8–4
C. takesimana C. lactiflora ‘Prichard’s Variety’
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
BLUE SILVER GREEN
Artemisia ‘Powis Castle’ Aciphylla squarrosa (Bayonet plant)

Semievergreen, upright subshrub Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with woody stems, usually grown as a with tufts of pointed, divided leaves.
perennial, with fernlike, silvery-gray In summer bears spiky, yellow
leaves making an excellent foil for flowers in compound umbels with
other plants. If old growth is retained, male and female flowers often mixed.
insignificant, yellow flowers are borne H and S 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
in summer. H and S 3ft (1m).
AD Z7–9 H11–8 ADZ9–15 H12–1

Agapanthus praecox Mathiasella bupleuroides

subsp. orientalis ‘Green Dream’
Perennial with large, dense umbels of Upright, deciduous perennial with
sky-blue flowers borne on strong stems divided, silvery-blue leaves. In early
in late summer over clumps of broad, summer has umbels of bell-shaped,
almost evergreen, dark green leaves. pendent, jade-green flowers, which turn
Makes a good plant for pots. H 3ft (1m), pinkish as they age. Needs good winter
S 2ft (60cm). drainage. H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm).
AD H11–7 ADZ8–11 H11–7
Cichorium intybus (Chicory) Campanula persicifolia Astelia chathamica Euphorbia sikkimensis

Clump-forming perennial with basal ‘Telham Beauty’ Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Spreading, upright perennial
rosettes of light green leaves and Perennial with basal rosettes of narrow, with sword-shaped, erect, bright silvery- bearing yellow cyathia cupped by
daisylike, bright blue flower heads bright green leaves. In summer, large, gray leaves. Panicles of insignificant, pale to greenish-yellow involucres in
borne along upper parts of willowy nodding, cup-shaped, light blue flowers frothy, yellow flowers are borne in mid- to late summer. Young shoots are
stems in summer. Flowers are at are borne on slender spikes. H 3ft (1m), summer. H and S 4ft (1.2m). bright pink and the leaves deep green.
their best before noon. H 4ft (1.2m), S 12in (30cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).
S 1½ft (45cm).
242
ADt Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z8–9 H9–8 BEt Z6–9 H9–6
YELLOW
Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia Phlomis russeliana Anthemis tinctoria ‘E.C. Buxton’

(Wolf’s bane) Evergreen perennial, forming Clump-forming perennial with a mass
Upright, fibrous perennial that has excellent groundcover, with large, of daisylike, lemon-yellow flower heads
hooded, straw-yellow flowers in rough, heart-shaped leaves. Sturdy borne singly in summer on slim stems.
summer. Leaves are dark green and flower stems bear whorls of hooded, Cut back hard after flowering to promote
deeply divided. Needs staking. H 3–4ft butter-yellow flowers in summer. a good rosette of crinkled leaves for
(1–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. winter. H and S 3ft (1m).
BDt Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z3–8 H8–3

Verbascum ‘Gainsborough’ Thermopsis rhombifolia Berkheya macrocephala
Semievergreen, rosette-forming, Upright perennial bearing spikes of Upright perennial bearing large,
short-lived perennial bearing branched bright yellow flowers above divided, daisylike, yellow flower heads
racemes of 5-lobed, pale sulfur-yellow mid-green leaves in summer. H 2–3ft on branched, spiny-leaved stems
flowers throughout summer above oval, (60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm). throughout summer. Prefers rich
mid-green leaves borne on flower stems. soil and a warm, sheltered position.
H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 12–24in (30–60cm). H and S 3ft (1m).
AD Z5–9 H9–3 AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD H11–10
Inula hookeri Gentiana lutea (Yellow gentian) Lysimachia punctata Achillea filipendulina ‘Gold Plate’
Clump-forming perennial with Erect, unbranched perennial with oval, (Garden loosestrife) Upright perennial with stout, leafy
lance-shaped to elliptic, hairy leaves stalkless leaves to 1ft (30cm) long. In Clump-forming perennial that in stems carrying broad, flat, terminal
and a mass of slightly scented, daisylike, summer has dense whorls of tubular, summer produces spikes of bright heads of yellow flowers in summer,
greenish-yellow flower heads borne in yellow flowers in axils of greenish yellow flowers above mid-green leaves. above filigree foliage. Flowers retain
summer. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). bracts. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 24in (60cm). color if dried. Divide plants regularly.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
243
BD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–8 H8–7 AE Z4–8 H8–1 ADt Z3–9 H9–1
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DAYLILIES
Although they belong to the lily family (Liliaceae), daylilies
(Hemerocallis) are not true lilies; their common name comes
from their lilylike flowers that last just one day, but appear
in succession for many weeks in summer. Daylilies range in
size from compact plants that grow 12–15in (30–38cm) tall,
to large plants that may reach 5ft (1.5m). They form clumps
of arching, strappy foliage, and flower colors range from
creamy white, yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple, to
almost black; some also have bands of contrasting colors
on the petals. The flower forms are classified as single,
double, or spider, and some are fragrant. They thrive in
most soils, except waterlogged, in sun or shade, but flower
best when in sun for at least part of the day.
H. ‘Pardon Me’ H. ‘Neyron Rose’
H. ‘Joan Senior’ H. ‘Stoke Poges’ H. ‘Always Afternoon’
H. ‘Siloam Baby Talk’ H. ‘Luxury Lace’ H. ‘Pink Damask’
H. ‘Summer Wine’
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H. ‘Canadian Border Patrol’ H. ‘Cherry Cheeks’ H. ‘Night Beacon’ H. ‘Prairie Blue Eyes’
H. ‘Whichford’
H. ‘Green Flutter’ H. ‘Bonanza’ H. ‘Lemon Bells’ H. ‘Little Wine Cup’
H. lilioasphodelus H. dumortieri H. fulva H. ‘Missenden’
H. citrina H. ‘Cream Drop’ H. ‘Little Grapette’ H. ‘Golden Chimes’
H. ‘Cartwheels’ H. fulva ‘Flore Pleno’ H. ‘Mauna Loa’
H. ‘Frans Hals’ H. ‘Chicago Sunrise’ H. ‘Stafford’
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H. ‘Burning Daylight’ H. ‘Black Magic’ H. ‘Cathy’s Sunset’
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MEDIUM
SUMMER FALL
ORANGE WHITE
Euphorbia griffithii ‘Fireglow’

Bushy perennial that bears orange-
red flowers in terminal umbels in early
summer. Leaves are lance-shaped,
mid-green and have pale red midribs.
H to 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm).
BEt Z4–9 H9–2

Sphaeralcea ambigua Actaea pachypoda

Branching, shrubby perennial. Broadly (Doll’s eyes, White baneberry)
funnel-shaped, orange-coral blooms Compact, clump-forming perennial
are produced singly in leaf axils from with spikes of small, fluffy, white flowers
summer until the onset of cold weather. in summer and clusters of white berries,
Leaves are soft, hairy and mid-green. borne on stiff, fleshy scarlet stalks, in fall.
H and S 30–36in (75–90cm). H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm).
AD Z6–9 H11–2 CEt Z4–9 H9–1
Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly weed) Verbascum ‘Cotswold Beauty’ Leucanthemum x superbum

Erect, tuberous perennial with long, Rosette-forming perennial with ‘Wirral Pride’
lance-shaped leaves. Small, 5-horned, sometimes-branched spires of 5-petaled, Robust, clump-forming perennial with
bright orange-red flowers are borne pale coppery-apricot flowers, each glossy, dark green, slightly toothed
in summer and followed by narrow, with a soft purple center, in summer. leaves. Bears numerous, solitary, white
pointed pods, to 6in (15cm) long. Has oval, gray-green leaves. May be double flower heads with yellowish
H to 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). short-lived in rich soil. H 4ft (1.2m), anemone centers from early summer
S 16in (40cm). to fall. H to 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm).
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ADt Z4–9 H9–2 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–8 H8–1
PINK
YARROW
Stalwarts of the summer garden, yarrow (Achillea) are
easy-to-grow perennials for sunny sites and well-drained
soils. Taller types are best planted toward the back of
herbaceous borders, while shorter forms associate well
with grasses in naturalistic planting schemes. Both selections
also look at home in mixed beds and gravel gardens. Most
have flattened flower heads, creating a horizontal plane
that contrasts well with vertical flower spikes. Available in
a range of colors, including white, yellow, pink, peach, and
red, the flowers change color as they age, creating a two-tone
effect. Many make good cut flowers; some can also be dried.
Chrysanthemum ‘Clara Curtis’ Tricyrtis formosana

Bushy perennial producing many Upright, rhizomatous perennial. In
clusters of flat, daisylike, clear pink early fall bears spurred flowers, heavily
flower heads throughout summer and spotted with purplish-pink and with
fall. Divide plants every other spring. yellow-tinged throats. Glossy, dark green
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). leaves clasp stems. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
S 18in (45cm).
ADt Z4–8 H8–4 AE Z6–9 H9–6

A. millefolium ‘Red Velvet’
A. ptarmica ‘The Pearl’ t A. ‘Heidi’ A. ‘Belle Epoque’
A. millefolium ‘Kelwayi’ A. filipendulina ‘Parker’s Variety’
Anemone hupehensis
‘Hadspen Abundance’
Erect, branching perennial that bears
pink flowers with rounded, dark
reddish-pink outer tepals from summer
to fall. Leaves are dark green and
deeply divided, with toothed leaflets.
H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 18in (45cm).
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BEt Z5–7 H7–5
A. ‘Christine’s Pink’ A. ‘Terracotta’ A. ‘Lachsschönheit’
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MEDIUM
FALL
HELENIUM RED
Of all late-summer, daisy-flowered perennials,
Helenium are among the most colorful. They have
become increasingly popular with the rise of naturalistic
plantings, to which they are well suited, although they
also add a dramatic note to herbaceous borders. The
sturdy stems bear shuttlecock-shaped flowers in fiery
tones of red, orange, and yellow that last for many weeks.
Plants seldom need staking and form slowly spreading
clumps if grown in sun and fertile soil. To lengthen the
flowering season, select a variety of forms, and cut back
some in early summer to promote later flowering.
Centranthus ruber (Red valerian)

Perennial forming spreading colonies
of fleshy leaves. Branching heads of
small, star-shaped, deep reddish-pink
or white flowers are borne above foliage
from late spring to fall. Thrives in poor,
exposed sites. H 24–36in (60–90cm),
S 18–24in (45–60cm) or more.
AD Z5–8 H8–5
H. ‘Indianersommer’ H. ‘Potter’s Wheel’
H. ‘Bruno’ t H. ‘Double Trouble’
H. ‘Red Army’ H. ‘Butterpat’ H. ‘Feuersiegel’
Lobelia cardinalis ‘Queen Victoria’

Clump-forming perennial. From late
summer to mid fall spikes of blazing
red flowers on branching stems arise
from basal, deep red-purple foliage.
H 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm).
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AEt Z3–9 H9–1
H. ‘Rubinzwerg’ H. ‘Waltraut’
MICHAELMAS DAISIES
Invaluable border plants, Michaelmas daisies (Aster species
and cultivars; mostly A. novae-angliae and A. novi-belgii)
flower later than many other perennials and continue the
display until late fall. The smaller-flowered species and
selections associate well with grasses and naturalistic
planting schemes, while the larger flowers are excellent
for cutting. The daisylike, single or double flowers range
in color from white, pink, and red, to purple and blue.
Michaelmas daisies thrive in sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil, and tall cultivars may need staking. For
large flowers, pinch out weaker shoots in spring; to produce
bushier plants with a greater number of smaller flowers,
pinch out the top 1–2in (2.5–5cm) of all shoots in late spring.
A. ‘Coombe Fishacre’ A. ‘Photograph’ A. novi-belgii ‘Chequers’
A. novi-belgii ‘Apple Blossom’ A. x frikartii ‘Wunder von Stäfa’ A. novae-angliae ‘Violetta’ A. novi-belgii ‘Marie Ballard’
A. divaricatus A. novae-angliae A. novae-angliae ‘Rosa Sieger’ A. ‘Little Carlow’

‘Harrington’s Pink’
A. ericoides ‘Golden Spray’ A. cordifolius ‘Silver Spray’ A. ‘Sunhelene’
A. novi-belgii ‘Carnival ’
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A. ericoides ‘White Heather’ A. novi-belgii ‘Freda Ballard’ A. novi-belgii ‘Orlando’ A. novi-belgii ‘Professor Anton Kippenberg’
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MEDIUM
FALL
BLUE PURPLE
Strobilanthes atropurpureus Aster amellus ‘King George’ Gentiana asclepiadea Eryngium x tripartitum
Upright, branching perennial with Bushy perennial with oval, rough leaves. (Willow gentian) Perennial with wiry stems above a
oval, toothed leaves. Spikes of In fall produces many large, terminal, Arching perennial with narrow, oval basal rosette of coarsely toothed,
numerous, violet-blue to purple daisylike, deep blue-violet flower heads leaves to 3in (8cm) long. In late summer gray-green leaves. Conical, metallic-
flowers appear in summer–fall. with yellow centers. H and S 20in (50cm). to fall has arching sprays of trumpet- blue flower heads on blue stems are
H to 4ft (1.2m), S to 2ft (60cm). shaped, deep blue flowers, spotted borne in summer–fall and may be dried
and striped inside. H to 36in (90cm), for winter decoration. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
S to 24in (60cm). S 20in (50cm).
BD Z5–9 H9–5 BD Z5–8 H8–1 BE Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z5–8 H8–5
SALVIAS
Hardy perennial salvias are useful
plants, many flowering profusely in
late summer and lasting well into fall.
The genus is quite diverse, with plants
in a range of sizes and flower colors,
including white, true blue, purple, pink,
and red. A few, such as S. argentea, are
also grown for their foliage, which in S. pratensis ‘Pink Delight’ S. x sylvestris ‘Mainacht’ S. nemorosa ‘Caradonna’
many species is aromatic. Salvias thrive
in hot, sunny sites and free-draining
soil, and grow quickly, many developing
into shrublike plants within a season. To
ensure that they survive cold winters, in
fall spread thick mulch over the plants
to protect the roots.
S. pratensis ‘Indigo’ S. x sylvestris ‘Blauhügel’ S. nemorosa ‘Lubecca’
S. pratensis ‘Swan Lake’ S. uliginosa S. guaranitica ‘Black and Blue’
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S. argentea S. nemorosa ‘Amethyst’ S. nemorosa ‘Ostfriesland’ S. verticillata ‘Purple Rain’ S. patens S. glutinosa
YELLOW
RUDBECKIA
The golden daisy flowers of Rudbeckia illuminate late
summer and early fall borders, perennial schemes, and
gravel gardens. Most are just over knee height, but some
forms of R. hirta are small and compact, ideal for the front of
beds or containers, while others, like R. ‘Herbstonne’, tower
above the rest, reaching up to 8ft (2.5m) in height. R. maxima
also has attractive glaucous blue foliage. All types produce
large flowers on sturdy stems that seldom need staking, and
the blooms also attract beneficial insects. Rudbeckia thrive
in an open, sunny situation, and moist but free-draining soil.
Kirengeshoma palmata
Upright perennial with rounded, lobed,
bright green leaves, above which strong
stems bearing clusters of narrowly
funnel-shaped, creamy yellow flowers
appear in late summer to fall. H 3ft (1m),
S 24in (60cm).
BEM Z5–8 H8–5

R. maxima R. triloba
R. occidentalis ‘Green Wizard’
Kniphofia ‘Percy’s Pride’ Euphorbia schillingii

Upright perennial with large, terminal Robust, clump-forming perennial
spikes of creamy flowers, tinged green that produces long-lasting, yellow
and yellow, borne on erect stems in cyathia and rounded, greenish-yellow
fall. Protect crowns with winter mulch. bracts from mid-summer to mid-fall.
H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Stems are erect and leaves are dark
green with pale green or white veins.
H 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 BEt Z7–9 H9–7

R. fulgida var. speciosa
R. fulgida var. sullivantii
‘Goldsturm’
Solidago ‘Goldenmosa’
Clump-forming perennial. Sprays of
tufted, mimosa-like, yellow flower heads
are carried in late summer and fall above
lance-shaped, toothed, hairy, yellowish-
green leaves. H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm).
251
AD Z5–9 H9–5
R. laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’ R. fulgida var. deamii
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CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Florist’s chrysanthemums, as well as those that are grown as hardy garden
plants, are grouped according to their differing flower forms, approximate
flowering season (early, mid- or late fall), and habit. The best groups for
garden decoration are the sprays, pompons, and semi-pompons, the hardy
Korean, and early, reflexed chrysanthemums. The dwarf Charm-types, forming
dense, domed masses of flowers, are most attractive displayed in pots for both
indoor and outdoor use in fall. Most of the various flower forms are described
below, with further details provided in the Plant Dictionary under Chrysanthemum.
Incurved—fully double, Single—flowers each

dense, spherical flowers have about 5 rows of flat
have incurved petals petals, borne at right
arising from the base angles to the stem, that
of the flower and closing may incurve or reflex at
tightly over the crown. the tips; the prominent
central disk is golden
throughout or has a
small, green center. C. ‘Innocence’ t [single] C. ‘Pennine Oriel’ t
[spray, anemone]
Fully reflexed—fully
double flowers have Pompon—fully double,
curved, pointed petals dense, spherical,
reflexing outward and or occasionally
downward from the hemispherical, flowers,
crown and back to touch have tubular petals
the stem. with flat, rounded tips,
growing outward
from the crown.
Spoon-type—flowers
Reflexed—fully double are similar to those of
flowers are similar to single forms except
those of fully reflexed that the ray petals are
forms except that the tubular and open out
petals are less strongly at their tips to form
reflexed and form a spoon shape.
an umbrella-like or
spiky outline.
Intermediate—fully Spider-form—double
double, roughly flower heads with long,
spherical flowers have thin ray-florets; the
loosely incurving petals, outer ray-florets are
which may close at the more or less pendent, C. ‘Nell Gwynn’ t C. ‘Purleigh White’ t
crown or may reflex the inner ones [Korean Group] [semi-pompon]
for the bottom half of curling upward.
each flower.
Anemone-centered— Quill-shaped—double
single flowers each have flower heads with
a central, dome-shaped tubular ray-florets that
disk, up to half the open out at their tips
diameter of the bloom, to form spoon shapes.
and up to 5 rows of flat,
or occasionally spoon-
type, ray petals at right
angles to the stem. C. ‘Emperor of China’ t C. ‘Enbee Wedding’ t
[double] [spray, single]
252
C. ‘Chesapeake’ t [spray, quill] C. ‘Spartan Seagull’ t [Korean Group] C. ‘Aunt Millicent’ t [Korean Group]
C. ‘Anastasia’ t C. ‘Tapestry Rose’ t C. ‘Ruby Mound’ t [Korean Group] C. ‘Mary Stoker’ t [single] C. ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’ t
[semi-pompon] [Korean Group] [semi-pompon]
C. ‘Carmine Blush’ t [single] C. ‘Rumpelstilzchen’ t [Korean Group] C. ‘Golden Chalice’ t [charm] C. ‘Yellow John Hughes’ t
[incurved]
C. ‘Grandchild’ t [double] C. ‘Perry’s Peach’ t C. ‘Chelsea Physic Garden’ t C. ‘Bronze Elegance’ t C. ‘Sea Urchin’ t
[Korean Group] [double] [semi-pompon] [Korean Group]
C. ‘George Griffiths’ t C. ‘Doctor Tom Parr’ t C. ‘Cottage Apricot’ t [Korean Group]

[reflexed] [semi-pompon]
C. ‘Mrs. Jessie Cooper’ t [single]
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C. ‘Apollo’ t [Korean Group] C. ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’ t [Korean Group] C. ‘Paul Boissier’ t [semidouble]
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MEDIUM SMALL
FALL SPRING
RED-HOT POKERS ORANGE WHITE

Red-hot pokers (Kniphofia) are dramatic hardy
perennials, their upright forms providing focal points in
borders, gravel gardens, and perennial schemes. Spires
of tubular flowers in a range of fiery colors, or more
muted shades of green, ivory, and pale yellow, rise from
clumps of slender, often evergreen, foliage. Selections
flower from mid-summer to late fall, and they enjoy an
open site in full sun, with shelter from cold winds, and
fertile, well-drained soil that does not dry out. Give them
space to spread, as too much competition may limit their
success. Protect plants over winter with a deep mulch.
Epimedium x youngianum ‘Niveum’

Compact, groundcover perennial with
heart-shaped, serrated, bronze-tinted
leaflets that turn green in late spring,
when small, cup-shaped, snow-white
flowers are borne. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
S 12in (30cm).
BD Z5–9 H9–5
K. ‘Royal Standard’
K. ‘Green Jade’ K. ‘Wrexham Buttercup’ K. ‘Atlanta’
Helenium ‘Moerheim Beauty’ Lamium maculatum ‘White Nancy’

Upright perennial with strong, Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial
branching stems bearing sprays of with white-variegated, mid-green foliage
daisylike, rich reddish-orange flower and spikes of hooded, white flowers in
heads in early fall above dark green late spring and summer. H to 6in (15cm),
foliage. Needs regular division in spring S to 3ft (1m).
or fall. H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm).
ADt Z4–8 H8–1 CE Z4–8 H8–1

K. caulescens
K. ‘Toffee Nosed’ K. thomsonii var. snowdenii
Aster linosyris (Goldilocks) Pulmonaria ‘Sissinghurst White’

Upright, unbranched perennial Semievergreen, clump-forming
with numerous small, dense, single, perennial that bears funnel-shaped,
golden-yellow flower heads in late white flowers in spring above long,
summer and fall. Leaves are narrowly elliptic, mid-green, paler spotted leaves.
lance-shaped. H 24in (60cm), H 12in (30cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm).
S 12in (30cm).
254
BD Z3–8 H8–1 CD Z6–8 H8–6
K. ‘Bees’ Sunset’ K. ‘Prince Igor’ K. rooperi
Anemone narcissiflora Trillium grandiflorum (Wake-robin) Lamium maculatum ‘Album’ Bergenia ‘Silberlicht’
Leafy perennial that in late spring and Clump-forming perennial. Large, Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
early summer produces cup-shaped, pure white flowers that turn pink that has dark green leaves with central, that has flat, oval, mid-green leaves
single, white flowers with a blue or with age are borne singly in spring white stripes. Bears clusters of hooded, with toothed margins. Clusters of white
purplish-pink stain on reverse of petals. just above large, 3-parted, dark green white flowers in spring–summer. flowers, sometimes suffused with pink,
Leaves are dark green and deeply leaves. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). are borne on erect stems in spring.
divided. H to 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).
BDt Z5–8 H8–5 BD Z4–7 H7–3 BE Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z3–8 H8–1

Convallaria majalis (Lily-of-the-valley) Sinopodophyllum hexandrum Pachyphragma macrophyllum Trillium ovatum
Low-growing, rhizomatous perennial (Himalayan Mayapple) Creeping, mat-forming perennial with Clump-forming perennial with white
with narrowly oval, mid- to dark green Perennial with pairs of 3-lobed, brown- rosettes of rounded, long-stalked, glossy, flowers, later turning pink, that are
leaves and sprays of small, very fragrant, mottled leaves followed by white or bright green leaves, each to 4in (10cm) carried singly in spring just above
pendulous, bell-shaped, white flowers. pink flowers in spring and fleshy, red long. Bears many racemes of tiny, white red-stalked, 3-parted, dark green foliage.
Likes rich soil. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. fruits in summer. H 12–18in (30–45cm), flowers in spring. H to 12in (30cm), H 10–15in (25–38cm), S 8in (20cm).
S 12in (30cm). S indefinite.
BEt Z2–7 H7–1 BEtZ6–8 H8–5 BE Z5–9 H9–5 BD Z5–8 H8–5
Trillium chloropetalum Anemone sylvestris Helleborus x ericsmithii ‘Bob’s Best’

Clump-forming perennial with reddish- (Snowdrop windflower) Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
green stems carrying 3-parted, gray- Carpeting perennial that may be with toothed, dark green leaves flushed
marbled, dark green leaves. Flowers invasive. Fragrant, semi-pendent, white in pewter and divided into 3–5 leaflets.
vary from purplish-pink to white flowers with yellow centers are borne in From mid-winter to late spring bears
and appear above foliage in spring. spring and early summer. Has divided, saucer-shaped, pink-tinted, white flowers,
H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). mid-green leaves. H and S 12in (30cm). often striped in green and with darker
petal backs. H 15in (38cm), S 18in (45cm).
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BD Z6–9 H9–6 BDt Z3–9 H9–1 BDtZ6–9 H9–6
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SMALL
SPRING
WHITE PINK
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Cypripedium Ulla Silkens gx Geranium macrorrhizum Heloniopsis orientalis

Evergreen, groundcover perennial with Deciduous, terrestrial orchid with 1–3 ‘Ingwersen’s Variety’ Clump-forming perennial with
large, rounded, fleshy, mid green leaves pouched, pastel white and pink flowers, Compact, carpeting perennial, useful as basal rosettes of narrowly lance-
covered in silvery hairs. Lacy heads of 2–3in (5–7cm) long, borne in spring. weed-suppressing groundcover. Small, shaped leaves, above which rise
flattish, pink-tinted, creamy flowers are Has broadly lance-shaped leaves, soft rose-pink flowers appear in late nodding, rose-pink flowers in
borne in early spring. Spreads freely to 12in (30cm) long. H 12in (30cm), spring and early summer. Aromatic spring. H and S 12in (30cm).
by runners. H 8in (20cm), S 36in (90cm). S 24in (60cm). leaves turn bronze- and scarlet-tinted
in fall. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).
CEZ6–8 H8–5 BDZ3–7 H7–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1 BE Z7–9 H9–7

Helleborus x ericsmithii Dicentra ‘Spring Morning’

IVORY PRINCE (‘Walhelivor’) Neat, leafy perennial with
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial small, heart-shaped, pink flowers
with silver-veined, bluish-green leaves hanging in arching sprays in late
divided into 3–5 leaflets. From mid-winter spring and summer. Attractive,
to spring bears pink-tinted cream flowers, fernlike foliage is gray-green and
often striped in green and with darker finely cut. H and S 12in (30cm).
petal backs. H 15in (38cm), S 18in (45cm).
BDtZ6–9 H9–6 BDt Z3–9 H9–1
Bergenia ciliata Bergenia ‘Beethoven’ Helleborus thibetanus

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Evergreen, groundcovering perennial Clump-forming perennial with palmate,
with attractive, large, rounded, hairy with masses of pink-tinged, white mid-green leaves deeply divided into 7–9
leaves. In spring bears clusters of white flowers, borne in branched panicles, toothed lobes. Bears deeply cup-shaped
flowers that age to pink. Leaves are often in spring. Has spoon-shaped, leathery, flowers, 4–6.5cm (1½–2¾in) across, in
damaged by frost, although fresh ones mid-green leaves. Protect from spring late winter–early spring that vary from
will appear in spring. H 12in (30cm), frosts. H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) white to white with pink veins, which
S 20in (50cm). or more. darken with age. H and S 12in (30cm).
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AD Z5–8 H8–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1 BEtZ5–8 H8–5
PRIMULAS
There are primulas to suit most garden situations, ranging
from boggy areas and pond margins to woodlands, rock
gardens, and containers. Of the various botanical groups,
Candelabra, Auricula, and Primrose-Polyanthus primulas
are the most widely grown. Auriculas are compact evergreen
plants with leathery leaves and flowers with beautiful
markings; they grow well in moist but well-drained soil.
Candelabras prefer damp soil, and are taller and deciduous,
with flowers arranged in rings up sturdy stems. The Primrose-
Polyanthus group includes a diverse range of small winter-
to spring-flowering plants, often sold as bedding or for
containers, that thrive in moist soil. Most prefer some
shade. For full cultivation details, see the Plant Dictionary.
P. ‘Guinevere’ P. vialii
P. denticulata var. alba P. allionii P. frondosa
P. ‘Lady Greer’ P. japonica ‘Miller’s Crimson’
P. ‘Dawn Ansell’ P. Husky Series [white] P. ‘Woodland Walk’
P. Crescendo Series ‘Crescendo

Pink and Rose Shades’
257
P. vulgaris ‘Alba Plena’ P. japonica ‘Postford White’ P. sieboldii ‘Geisha Girl’ P. ‘Charisma Red’
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P. sieboldii P. ‘Elizabeth Killelay’
P. vulgaris subsp. sibthorpii P. ‘Mark’ [Auricula]
P. pulverulenta P. ‘Inverewe’ P. Barnhaven Blues Group P. Charisma Series P. Crescendo Series

‘Charisma Blue’
P. Crescendo Series ‘Crescendo Bright Red’ P. polyneura P. beesiana P. Belarina Series

‘Belarina Cobalt Blue’
258
P. ‘Don Keefe’ P. ‘Matthew Yates’ [Auricula] P. ‘Miss Indigo’
P. ‘Fransisca’ P. sikkimensis P. chungensis
P. palinuri P. ‘Margaret Martin’ [Auricula] P. ‘Blairside Yellow’ [Auricula] P. forrestii
P. aureata P. elatior P. bulleyana
P. verticillata P. kewensis P. veris ‘Katy McSparron’ P. Gold-laced Group
259
P. alpicola P. vulgaris P. ‘Trouble’ [Auricula]
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SMALL
SPRING
RED PURPLE
Epimedium x rubrum Glaucidium palmatum Helleborus purpurascens Epimedium epsteinii

Carpeting perennial with dense, heart- Leafy perennial that has large, lobed Neat, clump-forming perennial with Rather compact, semievergreen,
shaped, divided leaves that are dark leaves and, in spring, large, delicate, small, nodding, cup-shaped, pure deep rhizomatous perennial with glossy
brownish-red in spring, when clusters cup-shaped, lavender flowers. A purple or green flowers, splashed with green leaves divided into narrowly oval,
of cup-shaped, crimson flowers with woodland plant, it requires rich deep purple on outside, in early spring. toothed leaflets. Has clusters of pendent,
yellow spurs appear. H 12in (30cm), soil and a sheltered position. H and Dark green leaves are palmate and deeply long-spurred, white-and-purple flowers
S 8in (20cm). S 20in (50cm). divided into narrowly lance-shaped, in spring. Good for groundcover.
toothed segments. H and S 12in (30cm). H 12in (30cm), S 16cm (40cm).
BD Z4–8 H8–1 BE Z6–9 H9–6 BEt Z4–8 H8–3 BDZ5–10 H9–4

Trillium erectum Cardamine pentaphyllos Lathyrus vernus

(Birthroot, Squawroot) Upright perennial spreading by Clump-forming perennial bearing in
Clump-forming perennial with fleshy, horizontal rootstocks. Produces spring small, pealike, bright purple and
3-lobed, mid-green leaves and bright clusters of large, white or pale purple blue flowers veined with red, several on
maroon-purple flowers in spring. flowers in spring. H 12–24in (30–60cm), each slender stem. Leaves are soft and
H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 12in (30cm). S 18–24in (45–60cm). fernlike. Proves difficult to transplant
successfully. H and S 12in (30cm).
BD Z4–7 H7–3 BE Z5–9 H9–5 ADt Z5–7 H7–5
Trillium sessile Scopolia carniolica Lathraea clandestina (Toothwort) Lamium orvala

(Toadshade, Wake-robin) Clump-forming perennial that Spreading perennial that grows as Clump-forming perennial that
Clump-forming perennial that in carries spikes of nodding, purple- a parasite on willow or poplar roots. forms a mound of mid-green leaves,
spring bears red-brown flowers, brown flowers, yellow inside, in Fleshy, underground stems have sometimes with central white stripes.
nestling in a collar of 3-lobed early spring. H and S 24in (60cm). colorless scales instead of leaves. Clusters of pink or purple-pink flowers
leaves, marked white, pale green Bears bunches of hooded, purple open in late spring to early summer.
or bronze. H 12–15in (30–38cm), flowers from late winter to early H and S 12in (30cm).
S 12–18in (30–45cm). spring. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
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BD Z4–8 H8–1 CDt Z5–8 H8–5 BE Z5–9 H9–5 BD Z4–8 H8–1
BLUE
Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’ Mertensia virginica Omphalodes cappadocica Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’
Shrubby, short-lived perennial with Elegant perennial with rich blue ‘Cherry Ingram’ Groundcover perennial with heart-
many clusters of purple flowers, each flowers, hanging in clusters in spring. Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial shaped, silvery-gray leaves. Delicate
with 4 spreading petals, from early Leaves are soft blue-green. Dies with oval, deeply veined, pointed, mid- sprays of small, star-shaped, forget-
spring to early summer. Has narrowly down in summer. Crowns are prone green leaves. In spring bears loose menot-like, blue flowers are produced
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Is best to slug damage. H 12–24in (30–60cm), racemes of 5-petaled, dark blue flowers. in spring. Is ideal in the front of a border.
in poor soil. H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). S 12–18in (30–45cm). H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). H 24in (60cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.
AD Z6–10 H10–3 CD Z3–7 H7–1 BD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z3–7 H7–1
LUNGWORTS
Invaluable shade-loving perennials,
lungworts (Pulmonaria) produce
clusters of bell-shaped spring flowers
and hairy, groundcovering foliage.
Selections are available in a range
of colors, from white through to
pink, blue, and purple; P. rubra has red
blooms. Some cultivars have also been
selected for the beauty of their foliage,
which may be spotted or streaked with
white or silver or variegated. Easy to
grow, lungworts thrive in cool areas
in soil that does not dry out. During
summer, trim off the old foliage and
fresh leaves, often more prominently
marked, will soon appear.
P. rubra ‘David Ward’ P. rubra P. ‘Lewis Palmer’
P. ‘Margery Fish’
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P. ‘Excalibur’ P. OPAL (‘Ocupol’) P. ‘Mary Mottram’ P. ‘Mawson’s Blue’
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SMALL
SPRING
GREEN YELLOW
Helleborus argutifolius ‘Pacific Frost’ Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae Anemone x lipsiensis Valeriana phu ‘Aurea’
Clump-forming perennial with Evergreen, spreading perennial with Prostrate, carpeting perennial that in Perennial with rosettes of lemon- to
pink shoot tips and evergreen, rosettes of dark green leaves, useful spring has many single, pale yellow butter-yellow young foliage that turns
divided, spiny, dark green leaves as groundcover even in poor, dry soil flowers with bright yellow stamens. mid-green by summer, when heads
densely speckled in cream. Produces and semi-shade. Bears open, rounded Leaves are deeply cut with long leaflets. of insignificant, white flowers appear.
large clusters of cup-shaped, pale heads of lime-green flowers in spring. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). H 15in (38cm), S 12–15in (30–38cm).
green flowers in winter–spring. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 24in (60cm).
H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
BDt Z6–9 H9–6 BDt Z6–9 H9–2 BDt Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5

Helleborus x sternii Epimedium x versicolor Adonis vernalis

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial ‘Neosulphureum’ Clump-forming perennial that in
with divided leaves and cup-shaped, Carpeting perennial with dense, heart- early spring produces buttercup-like,
often pink-tinged, pale green flowers shaped, divided leaves, tinted reddish- greenish-yellow blooms singly at the tips
borne in terminal clusters in winter purple in spring when it bears cup- of stems. Mid-green leaves are delicately
and early spring. H and S 18in (45cm). shaped, pale yellow flowers in small, dissected. H and S 9–12in (23–30cm).
pendent clusters on wiry stems.
H and S 12in (30cm).
BDt Z5–8 H8–5 BD Z5–9 H9–4 AD Z4–7 H7–1
Euphorbia cyparissias Helleborus argutifolius ‘Silver Lace’ Uvularia grandiflora Euphorbia polychroma
Rounded, leafy perennial with a mass Clump-forming perennial with (Bellwort, Merrybells) Rounded, bushy perennial with mid-
of slender, gray-green leaves and evergreen, divided, spiny, bluish- Clump-forming perennial. Clusters of green leaves and heads of bright yellow
umbels of small, bright lime-green green leaves and flared, cup-shaped, long, bell-shaped, yellow flowers hang flowers carried for several weeks in
flowers in late spring. May be invasive. pale green flowers borne in large gracefully from slender stems in spring. spring. H and S 20in (50cm).
H and S 12in (30cm). clusters in winter–spring. H 24in (60cm), H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 18in (45cm).
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ADt Z4–9 H9–1 BDt Z6–9 H9–6 BD Z3–7 H7–1 AEt Z5–9 H9–5
SUMMER
ORANGE WHITE
Primula veris (Cowslip) Epimedium x warleyense Leucanthemum x superbum

Very variable, rosette-forming, Carpeting perennial with heart-shaped, ‘Esther Read’
evergreen or semievergreen perennial divided, light green leaves, tinged Robust perennial with large,
with tight clusters of fragrant, tubular, purple-red, and cup-shaped, rich orange daisylike, double, white flower
yellow flowers produced on sturdy flowers borne in clusters on wiry stems heads borne singly on strong stems
stems in spring. Leaves are oval to in spring. H and S 12in (30cm). in summer. H and S 18in (45cm).
lance-shaped, toothed and mid-green.
BE Z3–8 H8–1 BD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–8 H8–1

Doronicum orientale ‘Magnificum’ Meconopsis cambrica (Welsh poppy) Anthericum liliago (St Bernard’s lily) Galium odoratum (Sweet woodruff)
Clump-forming perennial with heart- Spreading perennial that in late spring Upright perennial that in early summer Carpeting perennial that bears whorls
shaped, lush, soft green leaves. Short carries lemon-yellow or rich orange bears tall racemes of trumpet-shaped, of star-shaped, white flowers above neat,
stems bear daisylike, bright yellow blooms. Double forms are available. white flowers above clumps of long, whorled leaves in summer. All parts
flower heads in spring. Plants may die Has deeply divided, fernlike foliage. narrow, gray-green leaves. H 18–24in of plant are aromatic. H 6in (15cm),
down by late summer. H 18in (45cm), H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 12in (30cm). (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). S 12in (30cm) or more.
S 16in (40cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 CE Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z7–9 H9–7 BD Z5–8 H8–5
Anemone ranunculoides Epimedium ‘Amber Queen’ Tradescantia Andersoniana Group Geranium clarkei ‘Kashmir White’
Spreading perennial for damp Evergreen, clump-forming perennial ‘Osprey’ Carpeting, rhizomatous perennial with
woodland, bearing buttercup-like, with clusters of spidery, pendent, Clump-forming perennial with divided leaves and loose clusters of
single, deep yellow flowers in spring. long-spurred, orange flowers, held on narrow, lance-shaped leaves, 6–12in cup-shaped flowers, white with pale
Divided leaves have short stalks. wiry stems, in spring. Dark green leaves (15–30cm) long. Has clusters of white lilac-pink veins, borne for a long period
H and S 8in (20cm). are mottled when young and divided flowers with purple-blue stamens, in summer. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm).
into rounded heart-shaped, toothed surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts, in
leaflets. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). summer. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
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BEt Z4–8 H8–1 BEZ5–9 H9–5 AEt Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z5–8 H8–5
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SMALL
SUMMER
WHITE PINK
Deinanthe bifida Diplarrhena moraea

Slow-growing, clump-forming Clump-forming perennial with fans
perennial with nodding, cup-shaped, of long, strap-shaped leaves and
white flowers. Has oval, bristly, clusters of iris-like, white flowers,
soft green leaves on short stems. with centers of yellow and purple,
H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm). borne on wiry stems in early summer.
H 18in (45cm), S 9in (23cm).
BD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z9–10 H10–9

Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana Geranium renardii Mimulus naiandinus

Evergreen, carpeting perennial with Compact, clump-forming perennial Spreading perennial, with hairy
dense, finely cut, silvery foliage that with lobed, circular, sage-green leaves leaves, that in summer bears
turns green in winter. Small, daisylike, and purple-veined, white flowers, borne snapdragon-like, rose-pink flowers
white flower heads with yellow centers in early summer. H and S 12in (30cm). tipped with creamy-yellow and spotted
are borne singly on short stems in early deep pink. H 9in (23cm), S 10in (25cm).
summer. H and S 12in (30cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z6–8 H8–6 AEZ9–11 H11–8
Crambe maritima (Sea kale) Melittis melissophyllum Erigeron ‘Charity’ x Heucherella tiarelloides
Robust perennial with a mound of (Bastard balm) Clump-forming perennial with a mass Evergreen, groundcover perennial that
wide, curved, lobed, silvery-green Erect perennial that in early summer of daisylike, light pink flower heads has dense clusters of leaves and feathery
leaves. Bears large heads of small, bears white flowers with purple lower with greenish-yellow centers borne sprays of tiny, bell-shaped, pink flowers
fragrant, white flowers, opening lips in axils of rough, oval, mid-green for a long period in summer. May need in early summer. H and S 18in (45cm).
into branching sprays in summer. leaves. H and S 12in (30cm). some support. H and S to 24in (60cm).
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AD Z6–9 H9–6 BD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z5–8 H8–5 BD Z5–8 H8–5
Geranium x oxonianum Persicaria macrophylla Lychnis flos-jovis Osteospermum jucundum

‘Wargrave Pink’ Compact perennial carrying neat Clump-forming perennial with rounded Evergreen, neat, clump-forming
Semievergreen, carpeting perennial spikes of rich rose-pink blooms above clusters of deep rose-pink flowers, perennial with mid-green leaves. In late
with dense, dainty, lobed, basal leaves narrow, lance-shaped, glaucous leaves opening in mid-summer, that are set off summer, soft pink flower heads, mostly
acting as weed-suppressing groundcover. in late summer. H 18–24in (45–60cm), by gray foliage. H and S 18in (45cm). dark-eyed, are borne singly but in great
Cup-shaped, bright salmon-pink S 12in (30cm). abundance. H and S 12in (30cm).
flowers are borne throughout summer.
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 AEt Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z9–11 H6–1

Potentilla nepalensis ‘Miss Willmott’ Centaurea hypoleuca ‘John Coutts’ Incarvillea delavayi
Clump-forming perennial with palmate, Upright perennial. Deep rose-red flower Clump-forming perennial with
strawberry-like, bright green leaves. heads, with thistle-like centers encircled deeply divided leaves and erect stems
Numerous slender, branching stems by star-shaped ray petals, are borne bearing several trumpet-shaped,
carry cherry-red-centered, pink flowers on slender stems in summer. Deeply pinkish-red flowers in early summer.
throughout summer. H 20in (50cm), divided leaves are white-gray beneath. Has attractive seed pods. H 18–24in
S 24in (60cm). H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z4–7 H9–4 AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z6–10 H9–3
Erodium manescavii Incarvillea mairei Dactylorhiza foliosa Lychnis viscaria ‘Splendens Plena’
Mound-forming perennial with divided, Compact, clump-forming perennial Deciduous, terrestrial orchid with spikes Clump-forming perennial bearing
ferny, blue-green leaves. Produces loose that has short stems bearing several of bright purple or pink flowers, ½–¾in spikes of double, magenta flowers in
clusters of single, deep pink, darker trumpet-shaped, purplish-pink flowers (1–2cm) long, borne in spring-summer. early summer. Stems and large, oval to
blotched flowers throughout summer. in early summer. Leaves are divided into Has lance-shaped or triangular leaves, lance-shaped, basal leaves are covered
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). oval leaflets. Protect crowns with winter 4–8in (10–20cm) long, arranged spirally in sticky hairs. H 12–18in (30–45cm),
mulch. H and S 12in (30cm). on stem. H 24in (60cm), S 6in (15cm). S 9in (23cm) or more.
265
AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z4–8 H8–1 BD Z7–8 H8–7 AD Z3–7 H7–1
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CARNATIONS AND PINKS
Although perhaps best known for providing excellent,
long-lasting cut flowers, carnations and pinks (Dianthus
cultivars) are highly ornamental border subjects, valued
for their usually fragrant, clove-scented blooms, produced
over a long period in summer, and their distinctive silvery-
or gray-green foliage. Shorter-growing cultivars—the
old-fashioned and modern pinks—make excellent edging
plants. Many of the flowers are attractively marked or have
fringed petals. Carnations and pinks need an open, sunny
position, preferably in alkaline soil. All except the perpetual-
flowering carnations are frost-hardy, and most can be easily
propagated from cuttings. The myriad of carnation and
pinks cultivars are divided into the following groups:
Border carnations—plants are of upright habit and flower D. ‘Coquette’ Dianthus CANDY FLOSS (‘Devon
prolifically in mid-summer in a single flush; each stem bears [perpetual-flowering carnation] Flavia’) [modern pink]
5 or more flowers. Picotee-flowered forms, with petals
outlined in a darker, contrasting color, are available.
Perpetual-flowering carnations—similar in habit to

border carnations, they are usually grown for cut flowers
and bloom year-round under glass. Plants are normally
disbudded, leaving one flower per stem, but spray forms
have up to 5 flowers per stem.
D. ‘Milky Way’
Malmaison carnations—these produce intensely fragrant [perpetual-flowering carnation]
flowers sporadically throughout the year under glass.
Old-fashioned pinks—these have a low, spreading habit

and form neat cushions of foliage; masses of fragrant
flowers are produced in mid-summer. Good for border
edging and cutting.
Modern pinks—usually more vigorous than old-fashioned

pinks, they are repeat-flowering and produce 2 or 3 main
D. ‘White Ladies’ D. ‘Lady Madonna’ D. ‘Becky Robinson’
flushes of flowers in summer. Cut or deadhead to encourage [old-fashioned pink] [modern pink] [modern pink]
further flowering.
Alpine pinks—in early summer, these plants form cushions

of small, scented flowers. Good for edging, or in a rock
garden, raised bed, trough, or alpine house.
D. ‘Mrs. Sinkins’ D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’

[old-fashioned pink] [old-fashioned pink]
D. ‘Gran’s Favourite’ D. ‘Haytor White’ [modern pink] D. ‘Doris’ [modern pink] D. ‘Duchess of Westminster’ D. ‘Dad’s Favourite’ D. ‘Brilliant Star’ [modern pink]
[old-fashioned pink] [Malmaison carnation] [old-fashioned pink]
266
D. ‘Cranmere Pool’ [modern pink] D. ‘Devon Dove’ [modern pink] D. ‘Inchmery’ [old-fashioned pink] D. ‘Evening Star’ [modern pink]
D. ‘Neon Star’ [modern pink] D. ‘Fusilier’ [modern pink]
D. ‘Rose de Mai’ Dianthus STARLIGHT (‘Hilstar’) D. ‘Tickled Pink’ [modern pink] D. superbus ‘Crimsonia’
[old-fashioned pink] [modern pink] [old-fashioned pink]
D. ‘Monica Wyatt’ [modern pink] D. ‘Feuerhexe’ [alpine pink] D. ‘Valda Wyatt’ [modern pink] D. ‘Tayside Red’
[Malmaison carnation]
D. ‘India Star’ [modern pink] D. ‘Pixie Star’ [modern pink]
D. ‘Moulin Rouge’ D. ‘Queen of Sheba’ D. ‘Prado Mint’

[modern pink] [old-fashioned pink] [perpetual-flowering carnation]
D. ‘Lily the Pink’ [modern pink]
267
D. ‘Devon Wizard’ [modern pink] D. ‘Pink Jewel’ [alpine pink] D. ‘Passion’ [modern pink] D. ‘Golden Cross’ [border carnation]
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SMALL
SUMMER
PINK RED
Glandularia ‘Sissinghurst’ Dicentra ‘Stuart Boothman’ Lychnis coronaria

Mat-forming perennial that throughout Tufted perennial with oval, finely Clump-forming perennial, often grown
summer bears heads of brilliant pink cut, deep gray-green leaves. In as a biennial. From mid-to late summer,
flowers above mid-green foliage. Is spring–summer, produces arching brilliant rose-crimson flowers are borne
excellent for edging a path or growing in sprays of heart-shaped, carmine in panicles on branched, gray stems that
a tub. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 18in (45cm). flowers. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). rise from neat, gray leaves. H 18–24in
(45–60cm), S 18in (45cm).
AD Z7–11 H11–1 BDt Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z3–8 H8–1

Dianthus ‘Houndspool Ruby’ Potentilla ‘Arc-en-ciel’ Crusea coccinea

Modern pink with compact growth Clump-forming perennial with arching Prostrate, creeping perennial with ovate,
and an abundance of strongly scented, stems bearing loose sprays of large, ribbed, light green leaves, 1¼–2in
semidouble, ruby-pink flowers, each saucer-shaped, double, yellow-centered, (3–5cm) long. Trumpet-shaped, bright
with a deeper eye. H 12–18in (30–45cm), red flowers in late spring and summer. red flowers, 1–1½in (2.5–4cm) long,
S 9–12in (23–30cm). Has rounded, 3-lobed, toothed, mid- in long-stalked, few-flowered, axillary
green basal leaves. H and S 12in (30cm). clusters, are borne in summer–fall.
H 6in (15cm), S 8–16in (20–40cm).
ADZ5–9 H8–1 ADZ4–8 H8–1 CDZ10–11 H8–1
Stachys officinalis ‘Hummelo’ Geum ‘Bell Bank’ Rhodiola heterodonta Coreopsis ‘Limerock Ruby’
Mat-forming perennial with oblong, Clump-forming perennial with cup- Clump-forming perennial with heads Upright perennial producing
round-toothed, hairy, dark green leaves. shaped, nodding, semidouble, pink of yellow or red, sometimes greenish masses of daisylike, ruby-red flower
Upright, sturdy stems bear whorls of flowers, borne on slender, branching, flowers from spring to early summer. heads, on branched, slender stems,
small, tubular, 2-lipped, pink flowers hairy stems, in early summer. Has Stems bear toothed, blue-green leaves. throughout summer. Has small
in summer. H and S 24in (60cm). pinnate, lobed, mid-green leaves. Is H 18in (45cm), S 10in (25cm). lance-shaped, dark green leaves.
easily grown in any soil that does not H 16in (40cm), S 18in (45cm).
dry out. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
268
BD Z5–8 H8–4 AEZ5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 ADZ7–9 H9–1
PURPLE
Polemonium carneum Geranium macrorrhizum Platycodon grandiflorus

Clump-forming perennial that carries Semievergreen, carpeting perennial (Balloon flower)
clusters of cup-shaped, pink or lilac-pink bearing magenta flowers in early Neat, clump-forming perennial that in
flowers in early summer. Foliage is finely summer. Rounded, divided, aromatic summer has clusters of large, balloon-
divided. H and S 18in (45cm). leaves make good, weed-proof like buds opening to bell-shaped, blue
groundcover and assume bright tints in or purplish flowers. Stems are clothed
fall. H 12–15in (30–38cm), S 24in (60cm). with bluish-green leaves. H 18–24in
(45–60cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
ADZ4–8 H8–1 BD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1

Ourisia coccinea Verbena rigida Berkheya purpurea Tradescantia Andersoniana Group
Mat-forming, evergreen perennial Neat, compact perennial bearing heads Clump-forming perennial with ‘Purple Dome’
with rosettes of oval, toothed, strongly of pale violet flowers from mid-summer large, daisylike, lavender flower Clump-forming perennial with narrow,
veined, bright green leaves. Loose onward. Has lance-shaped, rough, heads in summer. Has oblong-lance- lance-shaped leaves, 6–12in (15–30cm)
racemes of tubular, nodding, rich red mid-green leaves borne on flower stems. shaped, spiny, silvery-gray basal long. Has clusters of rich purple flowers,
flowers are borne in mid- to late H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts, in
summer. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). summer. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
CE Z7–9 H9–1 AD Z8–15 H12–1 AD Z9–10 H10–9 AEt Z5–9 H9–5
Potentilla atrosanguinea Centaurea montana Geranium x magnificum Stokesia laevis

Clump-forming perennial with hairy, Spreading perennial with many rather Clump-forming perennial with hairy, Perennial with overwintering, evergreen
palmate, strawberry-like leaves. Loose lax stems carrying, in early summer, deeply lobed leaves and cup-shaped, rosettes. In summer, cornflower-like,
clusters of dark red flowers are borne one or more large, purple, blue, white prominently veined, violet-blue flowers lavender- or purple-blue flower heads
throughout summer. H 18in (45cm), or pink flower heads with thistle-like borne in small clusters in summer. are borne freely. Leaves are narrow and
S 24in (60cm). centers encircled by star-shaped ray H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). mid-green. H and S 12–18in (30–45cm).
petals. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm).
269
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SMALL
SUMMER
PURPLE BLUE
Geranium ‘Johnson’s Blue’

Vigorous, clump-forming perennial
with many divided leaves and cup-
shaped, deep lavender-blue flowers
borne throughout summer.
H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1

Stachys macrantha ‘Superba’ Eryngium bourgatii Polemonium caeruleum

Clump-forming perennial with heart- Clump-forming perennial that, (Jacob’s ladder)
shaped, soft, wrinkled, mid-green from mid- to late summer, carries Clump-forming perennial. Clusters
leaves, from which arise sturdy stems heads of thistle-like, blue-green, of cup-shaped, lavender-blue flowers
producing whorls of hooded, purple- then lilac-blue, flowers on branched, with orange-yellow stamens open in
violet flowers in summer. H 12–18in wiry stems well above deeply cut, summer amid finely divided foliage.
(30–45cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). basal, gray-green leaves. H 18–24in H and S 18–24in (45–60cm).
(45–60cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–4 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1
Nepeta x faassenii (Catmint) Anemonopsis macrophylla Catananche caerulea ‘Major’ Polemonium caeruleum
Bushy, clump-forming perennial, (False anemone) Perennial forming clumps of grassy, BRISE D’ANJOU (‘Blanjou’)
useful for edging. Forms mounds Clump-forming perennial with gray-green leaves, above which rise Clump-forming, short-lived perennial
of small, grayish-green leaves, from waxy, nodding, purplish-blue flowers, wiry, branching stems each carrying with clusters of cup-shaped, lavender-
which loose spikes of tubular, soft borne on slender, branching stems a daisylike, lavender-blue flower head blue flowers in summer. Has finely
lavender-blue flowers appear in in summer above fernlike leaves. in summer. Propagate regularly by divided, mid-green leaves with creamy-
early summer. H and S 18in (45cm). H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 20in (50cm). root cuttings. H 18–24in (45–60cm), yellow margins, paler if grown in shade.
S 24in (30cm). H 24in (60cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm).
270
AD Z4–8 H8–1 BD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1
Amsonia orientalis Eryngium variifolium Scabiosa caucasica ‘Clive Greaves’ Geranium ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’)
Neat, clump-forming perennial. In Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial Clump-forming perennial that Sprawling, deciduous perennial
summer, heads of small, star-shaped, with stiff stems that, in late summer, throughout summer has violet-blue producing masses of large, shallowly
gray-blue flowers open on tops of wiry bear heads of thistle-like, gray-blue flower heads with pincushion-like cup-shaped, blue flowers during
stems clothed with green, sometimes flowers, each with a collar of white centers. Basal, mid-green leaves are summer and into fall. Rounded, deeply
grayish, leaves. H 18–24in (45–60cm), bracts. Jagged-edged leaves are lance-shaped and slightly lobed on divided basal leaves are mid-green
S 12–18in (30–45cm). mid-green, marbled with white. the stems. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). with marbled, paler green markings.
H 18in (45cm), S 10in (25cm). H and S 20in (50cm) or more.
ADt Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1 BDZ4–9 H10–2

Myosotidium hortensia Parahebe perfoliata
(Chatham Island forget-me-not) (Digger’s speedwell)
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Evergreen subshrub with willowy
bearing large clusters of forget-me-not- stems clasped by leathery, glaucous
like, blue flowers in summer above a leaves. Elegant, long, branching sprays
basal mound of large, ribbed, glossy of blue flowers are borne in summer.
leaves. H 18–24in (45–60cm), H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 18in (45cm).
S 24in (60cm).
BE H11–1 AD Z9–11 H11–3
Veronica peduncularis Veronica gentianoides Veronica spicata subsp. incana

Mat-forming perennial with ovate to Mat-forming perennial with spikes of Mat-forming perennial, densely
lance-shaped, glossy, purple-tinged, very pale blue flowers opening in early covered with silver hairs, with linear to
mid-green leaves. Bears abundant, summer on tops of stems that arise from lance-shaped leaves. In summer, bears
saucer-shaped, deep blue flowers, glossy, basal leaves. H and S 18in (45cm). spikes of small, star-shaped, clear blue
with small, white eyes, over a long flowers. H and S 12in (30cm).
period from early spring to summer.
H to 4in (10cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.
271
AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z4–7 H7–1 BE Z3–8 H8–1
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HOSTAS
Their luxuriant foliage and attractive habit have made hostas,
or plantain lilies, increasingly sought after as garden plants.
Native to Asia, they add an exotic touch to watersides or
damp, shady corners, and large patio containers. Hostas vary
in size from plants a few inches in height, to tall forms that
make clumps up to 5ft (1.5m) across. Their elegant, deciduous
leaves appear in mid-spring and are incredibly diverse in
shape, texture, and color, with dramatic variegations and
shadings. Many produce decorative flower spikes, which rise
gracefully above the foliage in mid-summer and may be
scented, according to variety. Although hostas are essentially
shade- and moisture-loving plants, preferring rich, well-
drained soil, they also tolerate drier soil. Protect the leaves
from slug damage.
H. ‘Cherry Berry’ H. ‘Devon Green’
H. ‘Antioch’ H. ‘Regal Splendor’ H. ‘Gold Edger’
H. nigrescens H. ‘Invincible’
H. sieboldiana H. ‘Night Before Christmas’ H. ‘Hadspen Blue’
H. tokudama f. flavocircinalis
272
H. ‘Ground Master’ H. ‘Minuteman’ H. ‘Halcyon’ H. ‘June’
H. ‘Fire and Ice’
H. lancifolia H. ‘Golden Prayers’ H. ‘Fragrant Bouquet ’
H. ‘Golden Tiara’
H. ‘August Moon ’ H. ‘Whirlwind ’ H. ‘Brim Cup’ H. ‘Hydon Sunset’
H. ‘Blue Wedgwood’ H. ‘Allan P. McConnell ’ H. ‘Dream Weaver ’
H. ‘Revolution’ H. ‘Birchwood Parky’s Gold’ H. ‘So Sweet’ H. ‘Remember Me’
273
H. ‘Sagae’ H. ‘Ginko Craig’ H. ‘Great Expectations ’ H. ‘Tattoo’
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SMALL
SUMMER
GRAY GREEN YELLOW
Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’ Filipendula ulmaria ‘Aurea’

(Variegated apple mint) Leafy perennial, grown for its divided
Spreading perennial with soft, woolly, foliage, which is bright golden-yellow
mid-green leaves, splashed with white in spring and pale green in summer.
and cream, that smell of apples. Seldom Clusters of creamy-white flowers are
produces flowers. H 12–18in (30–45cm), carried in branching heads in mid-
S 24in (60cm). summer. H and S 12in (30cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–5 BE Z5–9 H9–1

Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Valerie Finnis’ Sisyrinchium striatum

Semievergreen, upright then arching Semievergreen perennial that forms
perennial with silvery-gray leaves, tufts of long, narrow, gray-green leaves.
the lower ones are broad and lobed Bears slender spikes of purple-striped,
while the upper ones are narrow straw-yellow flowers in summer.
and spear-shaped. Bears spires of Self-seeds freely. H 18–24in (45–60cm),
insignificant, yellowish flowers in late S 12in (30cm).
summer. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (90cm).
AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z7–8 H8–7
Stachys byzantina Hosta tokudama f. aureonebulosa Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’

(Lamb’s ears, Woolly betony) Very slow-growing, clump-forming Woody-based perennial forming a
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with perennial bearing cup-shaped, puckered, dense mat of aromatic, golden-yellow,
woolly, gray foliage that is excellent blue leaves with irregular, cloudy-yellow young leaves that turn pale yellow-
for a border front or as groundcover. centers. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, pale green in mid-summer. Occasionally
Bears mauve-pink flowers in summer. lilac-gray flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm) bears tiny, mauve flowers in summer.
H 12–15in (30–38cm), S 24in (60cm). long, are produced just above foliage in H in leaf 3in (8cm), S indefinite.
mid-summer. H 18in (45cm), S 30in (75cm).
274
AD Z4–8 H8–1 CD Z3–8 H8–3 AD Z4–9 H10–2
Stachys byzantina ‘Primrose Heron’ Alchemilla mollis (Lady’s mantle)

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Clump-forming, groundcover
with woolly, yellowish-gray leaves, perennial that has rounded, pale green
to 4in (10cm) long. Erect stems bear leaves with crinkled edges. Bears small
interrupted spikes of pink-purple sprays of tiny, bright greenish-yellow
flowers from early summer to early flowers, with conspicuous outer calyces,
fall. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). in mid-summer that may be dried.
AD Z4–8 H8–1 BD Z4–7 H7–1

Calanthe striata Patrinia triloba Oenothera fruticosa ‘Fyrverkeri’
Deciduous, terrestrial orchid with Clump-forming perennial with broad, Clump-forming perennial that from
erect spikes of fragrant, yellow or 3- to 5-lobed, bright green leaves that mid- to late summer bears spikes
yellow-and-brown flowers, each with turn yellow in fall. In summer upright of fragrant, cup-shaped flowers. Has
a 3-lobed lip, borne in late spring and stems bear panicles of small, fragrant, reddish stems and glossy, mid-green
early summer, before the 2–3 long, 5-petaled, bright yellow flowers. foliage. H and S 12–15in (30–38cm).
broadly oblong, ribbed leaves fully H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
expand. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm).
BEM Z6–9 H9–6 BE Z5–8 H8–4 AD Z4–8 H8–1
Alchemilla conjuncta Ranunculus constantinopolitanus Helichrysum ‘Schwefellicht’ Solidago x luteus

Clump-forming perennial that has neat, ‘Plenus’ Clump-forming perennial that Clump-forming perennial. From
wavy, star-shaped leaves with pale Clump-forming perennial with divided, bears silver-gray leaves and a mass mid-summer onward, slender stems
margins. In mid-summer, bears loose toothed leaves sometimes spotted gray of ever-lasting, fluffy, sulfur-yellow carry dense heads of bright creamy-
clusters of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers, and white. Neat, pompon-like, double, flower heads from mid- to late summer. yellow flowers above narrow, mid-green
with conspicuous, outer calyces, which yellow flowers appear in early summer. H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 12in (30cm). leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm).
may be dried for winter decoration. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
275
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SMALL
SUMMER
YELLOW
Geum ‘Lady Stratheden’ Coreopsis verticillata

Clump-forming perennial with lobed Bushy perennial with finely divided,
leaves and cup-shaped, double, bright dark green foliage and many tiny,
yellow flowers with prominent, green star-shaped, golden flower heads
stamens borne on slender, branching borne throughout summer. Divide and
stems for a long period in summer. replant in spring. H 16–24in (40–60cm),
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 18in (45cm). S 12in (30cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1

Potentilla megalantha Eriophyllum lanatum Ranunculus acris ‘Flore Pleno’

Clump-forming perennial with large, Perennial forming low cushions of (Double meadow buttercup)
palmate, hairy, soft green leaves. divided, silvery leaves. Daisylike, Clump-forming perennial. Wiry stems
Large, rich yellow flowers are yellow flower heads are produced with lobed and cut leaves act as a foil
produced in summer. H 8in (20cm), freely in summer, usually singly, for rosetted, double, golden-yellow
S 6in (15cm). on gray stems. H and S 12in (30cm). flowers in late spring and early
summer. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–8 H8–5 AEt Z4–8 H8–1
Buphthalmum salicifolium Tropaeolum polyphyllum Coreopsis lanceolata

(Yellow ox-eye) Prostrate perennial with spurred, Bushy perennial that in summer freely
Spreading perennial that carries short, trumpet-shaped, rich yellow produces daisylike, bright yellow flower
daisylike, deep yellow flower heads flowers, borne singly in summer above heads on branching stems. Lance-
singly on willowy stems throughout trailing, gray-green leaves and stems. shaped leaves are borne on flower
summer. May need staking. Divide May spread widely once established stems. Propagate by seed or division.
regularly; spreads on rich soil. but is good on a bank. H 2–3in (5–8cm), H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
H 24in (60cm), S 36in (90cm). S 12in (30cm) or more.
276
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z8–11 H12–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1
FALL
ORANGE WHITE
Hieracium lanatum Inula royleana Libertia ixioides ‘Goldfinger’ Tricyrtis hirta var. alba
Clump-forming perennial that produces Upright, clump-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming Upright, rhizomatous perennial that
mounds of broad, downy, gray leaves, with dark green stems and ovate, rhizomatous perennial grown for its bears clusters of large, bell-shaped,
above which dandelion-like, yellow hairy leaves. Bears solitary, orange- lance-shaped, golden-orange leaves, spurred, white flowers, occasionally
flower heads appear on wiry stems yellow flower heads, 4–5in (10–12cm) the color intensifying in winter. Has purple-spotted, in upper leaf axils of
in summer. H 12–18in (30–45cm), across, from mid-summer to early fall. short panicles of saucer-shaped, white hairy, stem-clasping, dark green leaves
S 12in (30cm). H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 18in (45cm). flowers in summer. H and S 24in (60cm). during late summer and early fall.
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 18in (45cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z8–10 H10–8 AE Z4–9 H9–8

Calceolaria ‘John Innes’ Aspidistra elatior ‘Variegata’
Vigorous, evergreen, clump-forming Evergreen, rhizomatous perennial
perennial that in spring–summer with upright, narrow, glossy, dark
produces large, pouchlike, reddish- green leaves that are longitudinally
brown-spotted, deep yellow flowers, cream-striped. Occasionally has
several to each stem. Has broadly inconspicuous, cream to purple
oval, basal, mid-green leaves. flowers near soil level. H 24in (60cm),
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). S 18in (45cm).
AD Z8–9 H6–1 BD Z7–11 H11–4
Inula ensifolia Gaillardia ‘Oranges and Lemons’ Glechoma hederacea ‘Variegata’

Clump-forming perennial with small, Upright, rather open perennial that (Variegated ground ivy)
lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, bearing produces daisylike, yellow-tipped, Evergreen, carpeting perennial that
many daisylike, yellow flower heads, peachy-orange flower heads throughout has small, heart-shaped leaves, with
singly on wiry stalks, in late summer. summer. Has lance-shaped, toothed, white marbling, on trailing stems.
H and S 12in (30cm). hairy, mid-green leaves. Plants may Bears insignificant flowers in summer.
be short-lived. Is excellent in a border. Spreads rapidly but is useful for a
H and S 24in (60cm). container. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.
277
AD Z4–9 H9–1 ADZ6–9 H8–1 ADZ6–9 H9–6
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SMALL
FALL
PINK
Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana Astrantia major ‘Roma’

Tuberous begonia with oval, toothed, Clump-forming perennial bearing
often red- or bronze-tinged, olive-green masses of sterile, pink flower heads,
leaves, up to 6in (15cm) long, and which gradually fade to green, borne
pendant fragrant, single, pink flowers, on slender stems from summer until
to 1¼in (3cm) across in late summer the first frosts. H and S 24in (60cm).
and fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
BD Z6–9 H9–5 AD Z4–7 H7–1

Astrantia maxima Schizostylis coccinea ‘Sunrise’

Clump-forming perennial that bears Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
rose-pink flower heads during summer- that in early fall produces spikes of
fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). large, shallowly cup-shaped, pink
flowers above grassy, mid-green foliage.
H 24in (60cm), S 9–12in (23–30cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–1 AE Z7–9 H9–7
Begonia taliensis Diascia barberae ‘Blackthorn Apricot’ Sedum spectabile ‘Brilliant’ Senecio pulcher
Erect, tuberous perennial with pointed, Mat-forming perennial with narrowly (Ice-plant) Perennial with leathery, hairy, dark
oval, light green leaves marbled silver heart-shaped, tapering leaves. From Clump-forming perennial that from green leaves. In summer–fall produces
and purple-brown. Produces many summer to fall, produces loose late summer to fall produces flat heads handsome, daisylike, yellow-centered,
small, single, shell-pink flowers in racemes of apricot-pink flowers with of bright rose-pink flowers. These are bright purplish-pink flower heads.
late fall. H 20in (50cm), S 14in (35cm). small, narrow “windows” and almost borne over a mass of fleshy, gray- H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 20in (50cm).
straight, downward-pointing spurs. green leaves and attract butterflies.
H 10in (25cm), S to 20in (50cm). H and S 12–18in (30–45cm).
278
BE H11–1 AD Z8–9 H9–8 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 ADt Z11–15 H12–6
RED
SEDUM
With fleshy, drought-resistant foliage and heads of tiny, star-
shaped flowers from summer to fall, Sedum are useful perennials
for herbaceous borders and gravel gardens, while their nectar-
rich blooms also make them a good choice for wildlife and
naturalistic schemes. The flowers of the taller herbaceous plants
are mostly in shades of pink and red, although white and yellow
blooms are also available. Many have purple-tinged or variegated
foliage, which extends their season of interest; the faded flowers
and seed heads also provide a colorful display in late fall and
winter. Plants thrive in full sun and free-draining soil, and will
bulk up quickly. Divide them regularly to prevent clumps from
flopping open, and stake taller varieties. Protect young growth
from slugs in spring and early summer.
Tellima grandiflora Rubra Group
Semievergreen, clump-forming S. telephium ‘Purple Emperor’
perennial with a mass of hairy, basal,
reddish-purple leaves, underlaid dark
green. In late spring, erect stems bear
spikes of bell-shaped, pinkish-cream
flowers. H and S 24in (60cm).
BD Z4–8 H8–1
S. erythrostictum ‘Mediovariegatum’ S. ‘Ruby Glow’ S. ‘Red Cauli’

Schizostylis coccinea ‘Major’
Rhizomatous perennial with long,
narrow, grasslike leaves. Gladiolus-like
spikes of cup-shaped, bright crimson
flowers appear in fall. H 24in (60cm)
or more, S 12in (30cm) or more.
AE Z7–9 H9–7
S. spectabile ‘Iceberg’ S. ‘Matrona’ S. telephium ‘Gooseberry Fool’
Cautleya spicata
Upright perennial that in summer and
early fall bears spikes of light orange or
soft yellow flowers in maroon-red bracts.
Has handsome, long, mid-green leaves.
Needs a sheltered site and rich, deep
soil. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).
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AE Z7–9 H9–7
S. telephium ‘Strawberries and Cream’ S. aizoon ‘Aurantiacum’ t
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SMALL
FALL
PURPLE
Tulbaghia violacea Liriope muscari Bergenia purpurascens

Vigorous, semievergreen, clump- Evergreen, spreading perennial that Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
forming perennial that in summer– in fall carries spikes of thickly clustered, with oval to spoon-shaped, flat, dark
fall carries umbels of lilac-purple rounded-bell-shaped, lavender or green leaves turning to beet-red in
or lilac-pink flowers above a mass of purple-blue flowers among narrow, late fall. In spring bears racemes
narrow, glaucous, blue-gray leaves. glossy, dark green leaves. H 12in (30cm), of open cup-shaped rich red flowers.
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). S 18in (45cm). H 16in (40cm), S 42in (60cm) or more.
AD Z7–10 H10–7 AD Z6–10 H11–1 AD Z3–8 H8–1

Physostegia virginiana ‘Vivid’ Ophiopogon planiscapus ‘Nigrescens’

(Obedient plant) Evergreen, spreading, clump-forming
Erect, compact perennial that in late perennial, grown for its distinctive,
summer and early fall bears spikes grasslike, black leaves. Racemes of lilac
of tubular, dark lilac-pink flowers that flowers in summer are followed by black
can be placed in position. Has toothed, fruits. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
mid-green leaves. H and S 12–24in
(30–60cm).
AE Z2–8 H8–1 AD Z6–11 H11–1
Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’ Agastache ‘Black Adder’ Geranium ‘Orion’

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Upright perennial with whorled spires Deciduous, clump-forming perennial
with rounded, deeply lobed, silvery- of smoky, purple-blue flowers from producing masses of large, shallowly
purple leaves. Long sprays of tiny, early summer to mid fall, above oval, cup-shaped, violet-blue flowers from
bell-shaped, pinkish flowers are borne pointed, toothed, aromatic, mid-green early summer until mid fall. Has
in summer. Rejuvenate regularly to leaves. Is good for attracting insects. deeply lobed, mid-green basal leaves,
keep it healthy. A good foil for other H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). each divided to the base into 7 sections.
plants. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). H and S 20in (50cm).
280
BD Z3–8 H8–1 ADZ8–11 H12–5 ADZ5–8 H8–5
WINTER/ALL YEAR
WHITE
Helleborus niger ‘Potter’s Wheel’ Helleborus niger ‘HGC Josef Lemper’ Helleborus x nigercors
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming, upright Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with divided, deep green leaves and perennial with divided, rich, dark with matt green leaves, 14in (35cm) long
cup-shaped, nodding, pure white green leaves. Slightly fragrant, rounded, with 3–5 broad, evenly toothed segments.
flowers, with overlapping petals pure white flowers, with overlapping From mid-winter to early spring bears
and green “eyes,” borne in winter petals, are borne on sturdy stems from branched clusters of 10–20 saucer-
or early spring. H and S 12in (30cm). mid-fall to late winter. H to 12in (30cm), shaped, green-tinted, cream or white
S 18in (45cm). flowers. H 16in (40cm), S 20in (50cm).
BDt Z4–8 H9–1 BDt Z4–8 H9–1 BEt Z4–9 H9–1
LENTEN ROSES
Helleborus x hybridus (lenten roses) are
the hybrids between H. orientalis and
other species. They flower in winter and
spring, and are so varied that they’re
often sold by description or collection,
rather than as named varieties. Their
single or double flowers last for a few
months and open in a range of whites, Harvington hybrids [single, red] t [double, slate] t
[single, white] t
yellows, pinks, and purples, often
spotted or with darker edges. Most are
evergreen, with large, toothed, divided
leaves, and prefer moist, neutral to
alkaline soil, but need protection from
strong, winter winds. They will naturally
hybridize and self-seed, and it’s worth
allowing your own seedlings to develop.
Bradfield hybrids [double, plum] t Ashwood Garden hybrids [single, green] t

[double, apricot with spots] t [double, black] t
[double, white with spots] t Harvington hybrids [single, yellow] t

[double, apricot] t
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[double, white] t [single, white with spots] t [single, apricot] t Ashwood Garden hybrids [double, pink] t [single, yellow with spots] t
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HEUCHERA AND
X HEUCHERELLA
Once regarded as a useful cottage-garden groundcovering
perennial, grown for its sprays of red flowers and evergreen
foliage, the selections of Heuchera bred in recent years have Heuchera ‘Black Beauty’ Heuchera ‘Ginger Ale’
transformed this humble plant into a horticultural superstar.
The leaves come in many colors, from near black and purple
to pink, peach, and yellow-green, and plants are ideal for
containers as well as borders. Selections of x Heucherella, a
cross between Heuchera and Tiarella, are smaller and more
dainty. Plant all types in moist but well-drained soil and
partial shade, but site brighter-leaved cultivars in a sunnier
position. Most plants should be split and replanted every
few years to prevent the crown from becoming woody and
to keep them in good health. Heuchera ‘Midnight Rose’ Heuchera ‘Chocolate Ruffles’ Heuchera CRÈME BRÛLÉE
(‘Tnheu041’)
Heuchera sanguinea Heuchera ‘Pewter Moon’ Heuchera ‘Purple Petticoats’ Heuchera ‘Southern Comfort’
‘Snow Storm’
Heuchera ‘Silver Scrolls’ Heuchera ‘Blackbird’ Heuchera ‘Green Spice’
Heuchera ‘Ebony and Ivory’ Heuchera ‘Can-can’ Heuchera ‘Beauty Colour’ x Heucherella tiarelloides Heuchera ‘Tiramisu’ Heuchera ‘Peach Flambé’
‘Kimono’
Heuchera ‘Peppermint Spice’ Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ x Heucherella tiarelloides

‘Stoplight’
282
Heuchera ‘Cinnabar Silver’ Heuchera ‘Amber Waves’ Heuchera ‘Georgia Peach’
SMALL
WINTER/ALL YEAR
GREEN
Ophiopogon japonicus Helleborus odorus Soleirolia soleirolii

Evergreen, clump or mat-forming Semievergreen, clump-forming (Baby’s tears, Irish moss)
perennial with grasslike, glossy, dark perennial with deeply divided, deep Usually evergreen, invasive, prostrate
green foliage. Spikes of lilac flowers in green basal leaves, hairy beneath, with 5 perennial with small, round, vivid
late summer are followed by blue-black central leaflets. From early winter–early green leaves that form a carpet. May
berries. H 12in (30cm) S indefinite. spring bears clusters of 3–5 fragrant, choke other plants if not controlled.
saucer-shaped, bright green to yellow- H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.
green flowers. H and S to 12in (30cm).
AD Z7–10 H11–1 BEt Z4–8 H8–1 AE Z10–15 H12–10

Helleborus x sternii Helleborus foetidus Wester Flisk Group
‘Boughton Beauty’ Evergreen, semiwoody perennial with
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial small, cup-shaped, purple-rimmed pale
with purple-pink stems and divided, green flowers, borne on floppy, red-
veined, mid-green leaves. Cup-shaped, green stems in winter and spring.
pink-purple flowers, with green insides, Has red-stalked, dark gray-green leaves
are borne in terminal clusters in winter– divided into slender, slightly toothed
early spring. H and S 20–24in (50–60cm). leaflets. H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 18in (45cm).
BEt Z5–8 H8–5 BEt Z6–9 H9–6
Helleborus foetidus Dianella caerulea CASSA BLUE (‘Dbb03’) Helleborus cyclophyllus

(Stinking hellebore) Evergreen, tuft-forming perennial Clump-forming perennial with palmate,
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial with narrowly lance-shaped, upright, deeply divided, bright green leaves.
with deeply divided, dark green leaves dusky-blue leaves arising from a In early spring produces shallowly
and, in late winter and early spring, slowly creeping rootstock. Star-shaped, cup-shaped, yellow-green flowers with
panicles of cup-shaped, red-margined, blue flowers in panicles in spring are prominent, yellowish-white stamens.
pale green flowers. H and S 18in (45cm). followed by blue berries. H 20in (50cm), H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
S 8in (20cm).
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BDt Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z9–10 H10–9 BEt Z6–9 H9–6
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GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES AND SEDGES
WHITE
Pleioblastus variegatus Luzula nivea (Snowy woodrush) Cortaderia richardii

(Dwarf white-stripe bamboo) Evergreen, slow-spreading, perennial Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial
Evergreen, slow-spreading bamboo rush with fairly dense clusters of shining, grass with bladelike, sharply edged,
with narrow, slightly downy, white- white flower spikes in early summer. upright, olive-green leaves. In
striped leaves. Stems are branched near Leaves are edged with white hairs. summer has plumelike, 1-sided,
the base. H 30in (80cm), S indefinite. H 24in (60cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). parchment-colored panicles on
tall stems. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m).
AD Z6–11 H11–6 BD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z7–10 H10–7

Sasa veitchii Cortaderia selloana

Evergreen, slow-spreading bamboo. ‘Sunningdale Silver’
Leaves, 10in (25cm) long, soon develop Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial
white edges. Stems, often purple, grass with narrow, sharp-edged,
produce a single branch at each node. recurved leaves, 5ft (1.5m) long.
White powder appears beneath nodes. Bears long-lasting, feathery panicles
H to 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. of creamy-white spikelets in late
summer. H 7ft (2.1m), S 4ft (1.2m).
AD Z6–15 H12–1 AD Z7–11 H11–7
Lagurus ovatus (Hare’s-tail grass) Miscanthus sinensis ‘Zebrinus’ Calamagrostis brachytricha

Tuft-forming, annual grass that in early Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
summer bears dense, egg-shaped, grass. Leaves, hairy beneath, have grass with linear, arching, gray-green
soft panicles of white flower spikes, transverse, yellowish-white ring leaves. In late summer has tall erect
with golden stamens, lasting well markings. May carry awned, hairy, stems bearing slender, gray-green
into fall. Leaves are long, narrow and white spikelets in fan-shaped panicles inflorescences in narrow panicles,
flat. Self-seeds readily. H 18in (45cm), in fall. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm). which last into winter, turning straw
S 6in (15cm). colored. H 4½ft (1.4m), S 20in (50cm).
284
AD H11–1 AD Z6–9 H9–1 BE Z4–9 H9–5
RED
Chionochloa rubra
Evergreen, tussock-forming, perennial
grass with linear, arching, tightly
inrolled, reddish-green leaves. In
summer produces panicles of dainty,
bronze-colored spikelets amid the
leaves. Makes a superb potted specimen.
ADZ8–11 H12–7

Miscanthus sinensis Eragrostis curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’ Elegia capensis
‘Yakushima Dwarf’ Herbaceous, densely tufted, perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
Compact, herbaceous, clump-forming, grass with narrowly linear, arching, dark with tall, horsetail-like, arching stems
perennial grass with fine, arching, green leaves, which turn dark burgundy- bearing whorls of soft, slender, dark
silvery-green leaves borne on short, red from the tips downward. Nodding green, needle-shaped, leaflike shoots.
upright stems. In late summer produces panicles of brownish spikelets are borne Stout, reddish-green shoots, with papery
plumelike panicles of long-lasting, gray- in summer. H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm). sheaths at each node, are produced from
white spikelets. H 3ft (1m), S 24in (60cm). the base in spring. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
AD Z6–9 H9–1 AD Z9–11 H11–10 ADZ8–11 H11–7
Cortaderia selloana ‘Silver Comet’ Miscanthus sinensis Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’ Molinia caerulea
Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial var. condensatus ‘Cosmopolitan’ Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial subsp. caerulea ‘Heidebraut’
grass with very narrow, sharp-edged, Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial grass. Linear, upright, bright green Herbaceous, clump-forming, erect,
recurved leaves, 3ft (1m) long, that have grass with white-striped leaves borne on leaves turn bright red in late summer perennial grass with linear, mid-green
silver margins. Carries plumelike upright, sturdy stems. Plumelike panicles and fall, dying down in winter. Narrow, leaves that turn golden-yellow in fall.
panicles of spikelets from late summer. of silvery-white spikelets appear from late spikelike panicles of silvery-white Has masses of tall, arching stems
H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 3ft (1m). summer. Dried stems remain attractive spikelets are borne occasionally, in late bearing purplish spikelets in late
into winter. H 6ft (2m), S 32in (80cm). summer. H and S 20in (50cm) or more. summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm).
285
AD Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z6–9 H9–1 AD Z5–9 H9–3 BEM Z5–9 H9–1
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RED PURPLE GREEN
Melica altissima ‘Atropurpurea’ Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea Hordeum jubatum

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial ‘Transparent’ (Foxtail barley, Squirrel tail grass)
grass with broad leaves, short-haired Herbaceous, clump-forming, erect, Tufted, short-lived perennial or
beneath. Purple spikelets in narrow perennial grass with linear, mid-green annual grass. In summer to early
panicles, 4in (10cm) long, hang from leaves that turn straw-yellow in fall. fall has flat, arching, feathery, plume-
the tops of stems during summer. Tall, supple stems bear open panicles like flower spikes with silky awns.
H and S 24in (60cm). of purplish-green spikelets in summer. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm).
H 6ft (2m), S 24in (60cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 BEM Z5–9 H9–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1

Miscanthus sinensis ‘Flamingo’ Pennisetum villosum (Feather-top) Thamnocalamus crassinodus

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial Herbaceous, tuft-forming, perennial ‘Kew Beauty’
grass with narrow, arching, mid-green grass with long-haired stems. In fall has Evergreen or semievergreen, clump-
leaves borne on sturdy stems. In late panicles of creamy-pink spikelets, fading forming bamboo with small, lance-
summer has plumelike panicles of to pale brown, with very long, bearded shaped, grayish-green leaves borne
feathery, pinkish-red spikelets. These bristles. H to 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). on arching, blue-gray stems that age
remain in good shape well into winter. gradually to reddish-brown. Needs a
H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm). sheltered position. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m).
AD Z6–9 H9–1 AD Z9–11 H11–1 BD Z9–11 H12–8
Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’ Phyllostachys nigra (Black bamboo) Stipa calamagrostis Juncus effusus f. spiralis
Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo with Herbaceous or semievergreen, (Corkscrew rush)
grass with very narrow leaves, hairy grooved, greenish-brown stems that perennial grass forming tufts of linear, Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
beneath, often turning bronze. May turn black in second season. Almost inrolled, bluish-green leaves, turning rush with leafless stems that twist
bear fan-shaped panicles of awned, unmarked culm sheaths bear bristled yellowish in fall. In summer has and curl and are often prostrate. Fairly
hairy, white spikelets in early fall. auricles and mid-green leaves. Flowers feathery, arching panicles of silvery- dense, greenish-brown flower panicles
H 4ft (1.2m), S 1½ft (45cm). are unimportant as they are so rarely white spikelets, which age to reddish form in summer. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
produced. H 20–25ft (6–8m), S indefinite. brown. H and S 32in (80cm).
286
AD Z6–9 H9–1 BD Z7–11 H11–4 AD Z7–10 H10–1 AE Z6–9 H9–6
Phyllostachys bambusoides Semiarundinaria fastuosa

(Timber bamboo) (Narihira bamboo)
Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo
with sturdy, erect, green stems. Bears with 6in (15cm) long leaves and short,
leaf sheaths with prominent bristles, tufted branches at each node. Culm
and large, broad leaves. H 20–25ft sheaths open to reveal polished,
(6–8m), S indefinite. purplish interiors. H 20ft (6m),
S indefinite.
AD Z7–10 H10–7 AD Z6–9 H9–6

Stipa gigantea (Golden oats) Pseudosasa japonica Ampelodesmos mauritanica
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial (Arrow bamboo, Metake) Dense, evergreen, clump-forming,
grass with narrow leaves, 18in (45cm) or Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo perennial grass with linear, gray-green
more long. In summer carries elegant, that may run. Has long-persistent, leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, with dark
open panicles of silvery spikelets, roughly pubescent, brown sheaths green undersides. In summer, long-
with long awns and dangling, golden and broad leaves, 14in (35cm) long. lasting one-sided panicles of purplish-
anthers, which persist well into winter. H 15ft (5m), S indefinite. green flowers are borne on upright,
H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). lofty stems. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m).
AD Z8–15 H12–1 ADZ7–10 H10–6 ADZ8–10 H10–7
Phyllostachys nigra f. henonis Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens Shibataea kumasasa Chimonobambusa timidissinoda

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo Vigorous, evergreen, rhizomatous
with bristled auricles on culm sheaths with greenish-brown stems that arch with stubby, side branches on bamboo with curiously prominent,
and a profusion of leaves. H 30ft (10m), at the base. Has white powder beneath greenish-brown stems. Leaves green stems, flared at each node.
S 6–10ft (2–3m). nodes. H 20–25ft (6–8m), S indefinite. are broad, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. Lance-shaped, dark green leaves
H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 12in (30cm). have a feathery look. May need
restraining. H and S 16ft (5m) or more.
287
AD Z7–11 H11–4 AD Z7–11 H11–1 AD Z6–15 H12–1 BDZ9–11 H12–8
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GREEN YELLOW
Chasmanthium latifolium Helictotrichon sempervirens

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial (Blue oat grass)
grass with broadly lance-shaped, short- Evergreen, tufted, perennial grass with
stemmed, light green leaves that turn stiff, silvery-blue leaves up to 12in (30cm)
pale beige in winter. In summer has or more long. Produces erect panicles
open panicles of oatlike, arching, green of straw-colored flower spikes in
spikelets aging to beige. H 3ft (1m), summer. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
S 24in (60cm).
BD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1

Chusquea culeou (Chilean bamboo) Phyllostachys aurea

Slow-growing, evergreen, clump- (Golden bamboo)
forming bamboo. Bears long-lasting Vigorous, evergreen, clump-forming
culm sheaths, shining white when bamboo with upright, grooved,
young, at the swollen nodes of sturdy, yellow-green stems and cup-shaped
solid stems. H to 15ft (5m), S 8ft (2.5m) swellings beneath each node. Has
or more. narrowly lance-shaped, pointed, green
leaves. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m) or more.
AD Z8–11 H8–10 BD Z7–11 H11–7
Yushania anceps ‘Pitt White’ Luzula sylvatica ‘Hohe Tatra’ Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’ Stipa tenuissima
Very vigorous, evergreen, rhizomatous, Evergreen, mound-forming, perennial Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial Deciduous, tuft-forming, perennial grass
clump-forming bamboo with upright, sedge with broadly linear, bright sedge with narrow, yellow-striped with narrowly linear, upright, tightly
shiny, dark green stems that arch golden-yellow leaves turning yellowish- leaves, 8in (20cm) long. Solid, triangular inrolled, bright green leaves. From
with age. Produces almost weeping green in summer. Short stems bear stems may carry insignificant flower early summer has plumelike panicles
branches of narrowly lance-shaped, open panicles of brown flowers in spikes in summer. H 8in (20cm), of silvery-green spikelets, turning to
fresh green leaves, with purple-tinted summer. H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm). S 6–8in (15–20cm). pale beige as seeds form. H 24in (60cm),
stalks. H 30ft (10m), S indefinite. S 16in (40cm).
288
AD Z8–13 H12–8 CD Z4–9 H9–4 AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z7–11 H12–7
ORANGE
Deschampsia cespitosa ‘Goldtau’ Alopecurus pratensis Spartina pectinata ‘Aureomarginata’ Panicum virgatum ‘Northwind’
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial ‘Aureovariegatus’ (Golden foxtail) Herbaceous, spreading, rhizomatous Herbaceous, clump-forming, erect,
grass with cloudlike panicles of tiny, Herbaceous, tuft-forming, perennial grass with long, arching, yellow-striped perennial grass with broad, dark
golden-yellow spikelets in summer. grass with yellow or yellowish-green- leaves, which turn orange-brown in late bluish-green leaves turning golden-
Both spikelets and the linear, sharp- streaked leaves and dense flower spikes fall to winter. H to 6ft (2m), S indefinite. yellow in fall, when tall, narrow
edged, dark green leaves turn golden in summer. H and S 9–12in (23–30cm). panicles of pinkish-green spikelets
in fall. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). are borne and age to silvery-green.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 36in (90cm).
BEM Z5–9 H9–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5 AE Z8–11 H12–8 AD Z5–9 H9–1

Pleioblastus viridistriatus Stipa lessoniana (Pheasant’s-tail grass)
Evergreen, slow-spreading bamboo Evergreen/semievergreen, tuft-forming,
with purple stems and broad, softly perennial grass with linear, olive-green
downy, bright yellow leaves with leaves tinted reddish-orange. In summer,
green stripes. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. arching, open panicles of tiny, purplish-
green spikelets shimmer amid the
leaves. Has good winter form and color.
H 20in (50cm), S 32in (80cm).
AD Z7–11 H11–1 BD Z9–11 H12–7
Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis Hakonechloa macra ‘Aureola’ Carex flagellifera

Evergreen, clump-forming, slow- Slow-growing, herbaceous, shortly Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
growing bamboo with bright lemon- rhizomatous grass with purple stems sedge with grasslike, reddish-
yellow stems. Narrowly lance-shaped, and green-striped, yellow leaves that brown leaves, upright, then arching,
dark evergreen leaves make the perfect age to reddish-brown. Open panicles to the ground. Triangular stems bear
foil for the stems. H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m) of reddish-brown flower spikes appear insignificant, brown flower spikes
or more. in early fall and last into winter. in summer. Is good for winter color.
H 16in (40cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.
289
BD Z7–10 H10–7 AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z7–9 H9–7
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FERNS
PURPLE GREEN
Polystichum setiferum Blechnum penna-marina

‘Pulcherrimum Bevis’ Fast-growing, evergreen, carpeting
Evergreen or semievergreen fern with fern. Has narrow, ladder-like, dark
broadly lance-shaped, daintily cut, green fronds, red-tinged when young.
sharp-edged fronds that are yellowish- Outer, sterile fronds are spreading;
green in spring and mature to a inner, fertile ones erect. H 6–12in
glossy, rich dark green. H 24in (60cm), (15–30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
S 30in (75cm).
BD Z6–9 H9–6 BEM Z10–11 H11–10

Athyrium niponicum var. pictum

‘Burgundy Lace’
Deciduous fern with a slow-creeping,
reddish-brown rhizome and broadly
triangular, divided, spreading fronds
of metallic purplish-bronze with
silvery-gray tips and bright pink-purple
veins. H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm).
BE Z5–8 H8–1
Athyrium ‘Ghost’ Dicksonia antarctica

Deciduous fern producing lance-shaped, (Australian tree fern)
rather upright, silvery-white fronds, with Evergreen, treelike fern. Sturdy trunks
contrasting, purplish-green veins, in are covered with brown fibers and
spring. Coloration is most pronounced crowned by spreading, somewhat
in spring. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm) arching, broadly lance-shaped,
or more. much-divided, palmlike fronds.
H 30ft (10m) or more, S 12ft (4m).
290
CE Z5–8 H8–1 BE H11–10
Asplenium trichomanes Adiantum pedatum

(Maiden-hair spleenwort) (Northern maidenhair fern)
Semievergreen fern that has long, Semievergreen fern with a sturdy,
slender, tapering fronds with glossy, creeping rootstock. Dainty, divided,
black, later brown, midribs bearing finger-like, mid-green fronds are
many rounded-oblong, bright green produced on glossy, dark brown or
pinnae. Is suitable for limestone soils. blackish stems. H and S to 18in (45cm).
H 6in (15cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm).
BE Z5–8 H8–3 BEM Z3–8 H8–1

Thelypteris palustris Polystichum setiferum Polystichum setiferum
(Marsh buckler fern, Marsh fern) Divisilobum Group Plumosodivisilobum Group
Deciduous fern. Has strong, erect, Evergreen or semievergreen fern. Evergreen fern that produces a
lance-shaped, pale green fronds, with Broadly lance-shaped or oval, soft- “shuttlecock” of lance-shaped, divided
widely separated, deeply cut pinnae, textured, much-divided, spreading fronds with segments narrowed
produced from wiry, creeping, blackish fronds are clothed with white scales as toward the frond tips; lower pinnae
rhizomes. Grows well beside a pool or they unfurl. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). often overlap. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
stream. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).
BF Z5–8 H8–5 BD Z6–9 H9–6 BD Z6–9 H9–6
Cyrtomium falcatum Adiantum aleuticum Polypodium interjectum Polypodium vulgare

(Japanese holly fern) Semievergreen fern with a short ‘Cornubiense’ (Common polypody, Polypody)
Evergreen fern. Fronds are lance- rootstock. Has glossy, dark brown Evergreen fern with narrow, lance- Evergreen fern with narrow, lance-
shaped and have holly-like, glossy, or blackish stems and dainty, divided, shaped, divided, fresh green fronds; shaped, divided, herringbone-like,
dark green pinnae; young fronds finger-like fronds, with blue-green segments are further subdivided mid-green fronds, arising from
are often covered with whitish or pinnae, that are more crowded than to give an overall lacy effect. creeping rhizomes covered with
brown scales. H 12–24in (30–60cm), those of A. pedatum. Grows well in H and S 10–12in (25–30cm). copper-brown scales. Suits a rock
S 12–18in (30–45cm). alkaline soils. H and S to 18in (45cm). garden. H and S 10–12in (25–30cm).
291
BE Z6–11 H11–10 BE Z3–8 H8–1 BDZ5–9 H8–1 BD Z6–8 H8–6
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FERNS
GREEN
Asplenium scolopendrium Polystichum tsussimense

(Hart’s-tongue fern) Evergreen fern bearing broadly lance-
Evergreen fern with stocky rhizomes shaped, rather leathery, dark green
and tongue-shaped, leathery, bright fronds with narrowly oblong, spiny-
green fronds. Is good in alkaline soils. toothed, pointed pinnae. Is suitable
H 18–30in (45–75cm), S to 18in (45cm). for a shaded rock garden or alpine
house. H 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm).
BE Z6–8 H8–6 CE Z6–9 H9–5

Adiantum venustum
Deciduous fern. Bears delicate, pale
green fronds, tinged brown when
young, consisting of many small,
triangular pinnae, on glossy stems.
H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
BEM Z5–8 H8–5
Asplenium scolopendrium Blechnum chilense Dryopteris wallichiana

Marginatum Group Splendid evergreen fern with (Wallich’s wood fern)
Evergreen fern with stocky, upright broadly lance-shaped, leathery, Deciduous, clump-forming or often
rhizomes and lobed, slightly frilled, dark green fronds on upright, scaly solitary fern with an erect rhizome and
tongue-shaped fronds that are leathery brownish stems arise from a creeping a “shuttlecock” of lance-shaped, divided,
and bright green. Is good in alkaline rootstock. Eventually forms a large bright yellow-green fronds, aging to
soils. H and S 12in (30cm) or more. colony. H and S 3ft (1m). dark green with scaly, brownish-black
stems. H 3ft (90cm), S 12in (30cm).
292
BE Z6–8 H8–6 BEM Z10–11 H11–10 CE Z5–7 H11–10
Dryopteris filix-mas (Male fern) Polystichum munitum

Deciduous or semievergreen fern (Giant holly fern)
with “shuttlecocks” of elegantly arching, Evergreen fern with erect, leathery,
upright, broadly lance-shaped, mid- lance-shaped, dark green fronds that
green fronds that arise from crowns consist of small, spiny-margined
of large, upright, brown-scaled pinnae. H 4ft (1.2m), S 12in (30cm).
rhizomes. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
CE Z4–8 H8–1 BD Z3–8 H8–1

Dryopteris erythrosora
(Japanese shield fern)
Usually evergreen, clump-forming fern
with broadly triangular, arching, shiny,
coppery-red flushed, pinkish-green
ageing to bronze then bright green.
H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm).
CE Z5–9 H9–5
Asplenium ceterach (Rusty-back fern) Cryptogramma crispa (Parsley fern) Polypodium cambricum
Semievergreen fern with lance-shaped, Deciduous fern with broadly oval to ‘Richard Kayse’
leathery, dark green fronds divided into triangular, finely divided, bright pale Evergreen fern with a slow-creeping
alternate, bluntly rounded lobes. Backs green fronds that resemble parsley. In rhizome and lance-shaped to triangular-
of young fronds are covered with silvery fall, fronds turn bright rusty-brown and oval, lacy, flat, bright green fronds. New
scales that mature to reddish-brown. persist during winter. H 6–9in (15–23cm), fronds appear in late summer and die
H and S 6in (15cm). S 6–12in (15–30cm). back in late spring. Sori are yellow in
winter. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).
293
BE Z6–9 H9–7 BDM Z5–8 H8–5 CE Z6–8 H8–6
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ANNUALS,
BIENNIALS,
AND BEDDING
Invaluable for their rapid growth, instant color, and relatively
low cost, annuals and biennials are ideal gap fillers between
newly planted trees and shrubs, as well as in perennial displays
that might need reviving after the first flush of spring. They are
also useful as bedding in formal designs, such as parterres,
and in containers of all types. An important ingredient
in cottage gardens and wildflower meadows, they also
help to shape informal schemes.
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ANNUALS, BIENNIALS,
AND BEDDING
Indispensable in pots, containers, and borders, many of these colorful
plants flower from early summer to early fall, and some also provide
beautiful foliage. Combine them with plants that bloom in winter and
spring to brighten up your garden all year.
What are annuals Growing annuals

and biennials? and biennials
Annuals are plants that grow, bloom, set Plants in this category can be grown from
seed, and die in a single growing season. seed, bought as young seedlings known
Biennials complete their life cycle in two as “plug” plants, or purchased as mature
seasons: most are sown in late spring or specimens ready to plant.
summer and produce leafy growth in the Sowing seed is the most cost-effective
first year, then flower, set seed, and die option if you have a large space or lots of
in the next. Bedding plants usually refer containers to fill; there are many half-hardy
to half-hardy or tender annuals that are or frost-tender types that are very easy to
traditionally used in summer flower grow in pots or trays on a windowsill or in
schemes. Some plants in this category are a greenhouse, including petunias, French ABOVE Shades of pink
Create an elegant basket using shades of pink. Dark
technically perennials or even shrubs, but marigolds (Tagetes), and tobacco plants cherry pink petunias, pale busy Lizzies, starry isotomas,
are referred to as annuals because they are (Nicotiana). The seedlings should be and raspberry-colored diascias combine beautifully.
,
,
used for just one season. Examples include hardened off for a few weeks in spring by
pelargoniums, nemesias, and brachyscome, placing them outside during the day and

which are perennials, and marguerites bringing them back under cover at night. seeds in straight lines or curves, so that you
(Argyranthemum species) and fuchsias, Then plant them outside in late spring can distinguish them from weed seedlings
which are tender shrubs. Plants in this when all danger of frost has passed. when they germinate.
group are also sometimes described as Hardy annuals are easier still, as they can For winter and spring color, most suitable
“summer seasonals” and “spring seasonals.” be sown outside in spring where they are plants, such as violas, are raised from seed
to flower. For earlier summer blooms, sown in summer. Alternatively, buy young
BELOW Summer harmonies plants like love-in-a-mist (Nigella) and plants in the fall.
Combine the shapes and colors of annuals for a
poppies (Papaver rhoeas) can be sown in Biennials can be grown from seed or
balanced display. Begonias, heliotropes, silver-leaved
senecio, and zinnias create a vibrant mix. early fall in free-draining soil. Sow your bought as plug plants in the summer before
they bloom. Find a quiet corner of the
garden to sow your seeds, as they will
be there for many months, and may be
swamped by other plants if sown directly
into a summer bed or border.
Ornamental features
Annuals and biennials are available in a
wide range of shapes and sizes, from low
hummock-forming cultivars of Ageratum
houstonianum and trailing petunias to the
tall spires of foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea)
and dramatic Scotch thistles (Onopordum
acanthium) that shoot up to 6ft (1.8m).
Flowers offer a vast choice of colors
and forms, including scented types such
as heliotropes (Heliotropium arborescens),
tobacco plants (Nicotiana species), and the
chocolate-scented Cosmos atrosanguineus.
Colors extend from the opalescent whites
of Lavatera trimestris ‘Mont Blanc’ to the
vibrant scarlets of pelargoniums, bright
orange and yellow California poppies
(Eschscholzia californica), and intense
magentas and purples of petunias.
296 For more subtle pastel schemes, opt for
plants such as Anoda cristata, blue Silene
coeli-rosa, baby blue eyes (Nemophila
POTTING PLUG PLANTS
menziesii), and pale green blooms of
Nicotiana langsdorffii. If you lack the space or time to sow seed, look for seedlings grown in cell packs,
To provide a foil for the flowers, consider known as “plugs.” Many popular plants, including busy Lizzies, begonias, lobelias, and
the wealth of foliage plants available. fuchsias, are available in this form, with the largest choice available from mail-order
These include the vast variety of coleus specialists. Pot up small plugs and grow them on indoors until after the last frost.
(Solenostemon) with their multicolored
leaves, the bright silver foliage of Senecio
cineraria, and the dark purple-lobed leaves
of Ipomoea batatus ‘Blackie’.
Design options
Annuals and biennials provide an extended
season of color in formal schemes, and are
particularly useful for filling beds and gaps
in borders. In addition, they can be used to
edge flower beds and borders or to create
Victorian-style bedding schemes, which are
enjoying renewed popularity. 1 Remove plugs
Water the plugs as soon as
they arrive. Fill large cell trays
2 Plant up modules
Make a hole in the potting mix
with your finger or the pencil and
3 Water the plants
Using a watering can with
a fine spray, water the plugs
Hardy annuals like poppies, cornflowers
or 3in (8cm) pots with good- insert a plug into each module well. Set them in a cool, light,
(Centaurea), and California bluebell
quality potting mix designed for or pot. Firm the soil around the frost-free place and keep them
(Phacelia campanularia) are ideal for seedlings. Use the blunt end of plants with your fingers, ensuring well watered. Harden the young
naturalistic or wildlife schemes. For mixed a pencil to gently push them out that there are no air gaps and plants off before planting them
schemes, grow them in pots like half-hardy of their original containers from taking care not to compact the outside after the risk of frost
annuals or buy plug plants and set them the bottom. soil or damage the roots. has passed.
between more permanent perennials
,
,
and shrubs (many annual seeds will not

germinate in these situations due to combine dwarf conifers, such as Juniperus beautiful when combined with bulbs such
competition from neighboring plants). communis ‘Compressa’, with dainty violas. as daffodils and tulips. Follow these with
Annuals and bedding plants make any of the summer annuals and biennials,
striking features in seasonal containers, Year-round color such as foxgloves (Digitalis). Busy Lizzies
windowboxes, and hanging baskets. Use The long flowering season of annuals and (Impatiens) are particularly useful for shady
feature plants, such as fuchsias, zinnias, biennials provides months of color. Violas sites. Fall stars include Chinese asters
and begonias in the center, together with flower in winter but put on their best show (Callistephus chinensis), and in warm climes,
trailers like Helichrysum petiolatum or in spring, when they are joined by forget- the fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum will
trailing petunias to soften the edges of me-nots (Myosotis) and wallflowers brighten a winter day. In cold areas, bring
your pots. In fall and winter displays, (Erysimum cheiri), which look particularly these bushy evergreens indoors.
SOWING SEED IN TRAYS

Growing summer bedding plants from seed can be very cost-effective, and ready to flower when planted outside. Small seeds, such as petunias,
especially if you have several containers or beds to fill. Sowing seed are difficult to space evenly in trays; seedlings will need to be transplanted
in trays indoors is the ideal option for half-hardy or frost-tender plants, when they have a few leaves to larger trays, pots, or modules. Seed
allowing you to start them off early in spring so that plants are mature catalogs offer a huge variety of plants via mail order or online.
1 Fill seed trays

Using good-quality seed-starting
mix, fill some clean seed trays to
2 Sow seeds
Pour some seeds into your hand
and carefully space them out on the
3 Cover and keep moist
Label the seed tray, and cover
with a lid or a clear plastic bag. Place
within 1in (2cm) of the top. Gently soil surface. Sprinkle sifted seed- in a light spot. Keep the soil moist,
press another seed tray on top to starting mix over the seeds, and cover and remove the lid or plastic bag
level out and firm the surface. Water to the depth specified on the seed as soon as the seedlings emerge.
the tray with a watering can with a packet. Also check the seeds’ required Harden them off before planting
Pot of seed-sown annuals fine spray and allow to drain. germination temperature. them outside.
297
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WHITE
Catharanthus roseus Euphorbia hypericifolia

(Rose periwinkle) DIAMOND FROST (‘Inneuphe’)
Evergreen, spreading shrub, becoming Bushy perennial, grown as a summer
untidy with age. Has white to rose-pink annual, with slender, repeatedly branched
flowers in spring to fall, also in winter in stems bearing elliptical, grayish-green
warm areas. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). leaves. Small, white florets are produced
Min. 41–5ºF (5–7ºC). in cloudlike flower heads in summer–fall.
H 7in (18cm), S 16in (40cm).
AD H11–1 AEtZ10–11 H11–1

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Argyranthemum Sutera cordata Snowstorm Series Lobularia maritima ‘Snow Crystals’

frutescens (Marguerite) GIANT SNOWFLAKE (‘Danova906’) Ground-hugging, mound-forming
Evergreen, woody-based, bushy Spreading or trailing annual with small, annual with narrow, mid-green leaves
perennial that bears many daisylike, rounded, mid-green leaves and 5-lobed, and heads of unusually large, fragrant,
white, yellow or pink flower heads bright white flowers throughout 4-petaled, white flowers in summer–fall.
throughout summer. Attractive leaves summer. Is excellent in a hanging basket Neater than older types. H 6–10in
are fresh green. H and S 28in (70cm). or trailing from a tub. H 4–8in (10–20cm), (15–25cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm).
S 8–12in (20–30cm).
AD Z10–11 H11–1 AE Z11–11 H12–1 AE Z10–11 H11–1
Plectranthus forsteri ‘Marginatus’ Osteospermum ‘Whirlygig’ Dahlia ‘Gallery Art Fair’ Zinnia x marylandica Zahara Series
Evergreen, bushy perennial. Oval Evergreen, clump-forming, semiwoody Well-branched, small-flowered ‘Zahara Starlight Rose’
leaves, to 2½in (6cm) long, are grayish- perennial of lax habit that bears bluish- decorative dahlia, grown as an annual. Mound-forming, disease-resistant
green with scalloped, white margins. white flower heads singly, but in great Produces a prolific display of white annual with ovate, mid-green leaves and,
Irregularly has tubular, white to profusion, during summer. Leaves are flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with in summer–fall, bears bright, double,
pale mauve flowers. H 10in (25cm), gray-green. H and S 24in (60cm). greenish-yellow centers, in summer–fall. daisylike, red-and-white, bicolored
S to 3ft (1m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Is ideal in a container. H 12–14in flower heads. Is drought-tolerant.
(30–35cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). H and S 12–18in (30–45cm).
298
AE H11–1 AD Z10–11 H6–1 AE Z9–11 H11–1 AE H12–1
Euphorbia marginata (Snow-in- Iberis amara

summer, Snow-on-the-mountain) Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual
Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
annual. Has pointed-oval, bright green Has flattish heads of small, scented,
leaves; upper leaves are white-margined. 4-petaled, white flowers in summer.
Broad, petal-like, white bracts surround H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
tiny flowers in summer. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).
ADt H11–1 AD Z11 H11–1
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,

Digitalis purpurea f. albiflora Eustoma grandiflorum Lavatera trimestris ‘Mont Blanc’ Nicotiana x sanderae
Slow-growing, short-lived perennial, Slow-growing, upright annual with Moderately fast-growing, erect, ‘Saratoga Series’ [white]
grown as a biennial. Has a rosette of lance-shaped, deep green leaves. branching annual with oval, lobed Slow-growing, bushy annual with ovate,
large, pointed-oval leaves and erect Poppy-like, pink, purple, blue or white leaves. Shallowly trumpet-shaped, mid-green leaves. In summer and early
stems carrying tubular, white flowers flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are carried in brilliant white flowers appear from fall produces a long display of sparkling,
in summer. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 12–18in summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). summer to early fall. H to 24in (60cm), white, long-tubed, salverform flowers.
(30–45cm). Min. 39–45ºF (4–7ºC). S 18in (45cm). H and S 12in (30cm).
BDt Z4–8 H9–1 AD Z8–11 H11–1 AD ADt Z10–11 H11–1
Dimorphotheca pluvialis (Rain daisy) Gypsophila elegans Nemophila maculata (Five-spot) Omphalodes linifolia
Branching annual with oval, hairy, Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual. Fast-growing, spreading annual with (Venus’s navelwort)
deep green leaves. In summer has Has lance-shaped, grayish-green lobed leaves. Small, bowl-shaped, white Fairly fast-growing, slender, erect
small, daisylike flower heads, the rays leaves and clouds of tiny, white flowers flowers with purple-tipped petals are annual with lance-shaped, gray-green
purple beneath and white above, with in branching heads from summer to carried in summer. H and S 6in (15cm). leaves. Tiny, slightly scented, rounded,
brownish-purple centers. H 8–12in early fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm) white flowers, rarely tinged blue, are
(20–30cm), S 6in (15cm). or more. carried in summer. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
S 6in (15cm).
299
AD Z9–11 H11–6 AD Z5–9 H9–1 AD Z9–10 H7–1 AD
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WHITE PINK
Hibiscus trionum (Flower-of-the-hour) Hypoestes phyllostachya Brachyscome ‘Strawberry Mousse’

Fairly fast-growing, upright annual with (Freckle face, Polka-dot plant) Twiggy, semi-trailing, short-lived
oval, serrated leaves. Trumpet-shaped, Evergreen, bush perennial or subshrub. perennial, grown as an annual. Daisylike
creamy-white or pale yellow flowers, Dark green leaves are covered with flower heads, 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) across,
with purplish-brown centers, are irregular, pink spots. Bears small, have slightly reflexed, deep pink ray
borne from late summer to early fall. tubular, lavender flowers intermittently. petals and yellow eyes. Good for the
H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). H and S 30in (75cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). edges of a raised bed or windowbox.
H 6in (15cm), S 14in (35cm).
AD Z10–11 H11–10 AD Z10–11 H11–9 AE Z11 H12–1

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Reseda odorata (Mignonette) Impatiens balsamina (Balsam) Pentas lanceolata Calibrachoa Caberet Series
Moderately fast-growing, erect, Fairly fast-growing, erect, compact, (Egyptian star, Star-cluster) LIGHT PINK (‘Balcablitpi’)
branching annual with oval leaves. bushy annual with lance-shaped leaves. Mainly evergreen, loosely rounded Mound-forming and trailing, prolific
Conical heads of small, very fragrant, Small, cup-shaped, spurred, pink or shrub with hairy, bright green leaves. perennial, grown as an annual. In
somewhat star-shaped, white flowers white flowers are borne in summer and In summer–fall produces dense clusters summer–fall, trumpet-shaped, vivid pink
with orange-brown stamens are early fall. H to 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). of pink, lilac, red or white flowers. flowers, 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) across, are
carried in summer and early fall. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Min. 50–59ºF borne on twiggy stems with linear, dark
H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). (10–15ºC). green leaves. H 6in (15cm), S 18in (45cm).
AD Z10–11 H6–1 AE H11–1 AD H11–1 AEM Z10–11 H11–1
Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew) Martynia annua (Unicorn plant) Argyranthemum ‘Summer Melody’ Catharanthus roseus Boa Series
Moderately fast-growing, short-lived, Fairly fast-growing, upright annual with Evergreen, prolific shrub, grown as ‘Boa Peach’
bushy perennial, grown as an annual. long-stalked leaves. Has foxglove-like, an annual, with daisylike, fully double, Evergreen, semi-trailing, disease-tolerant
Has aromatic leaves and small, white lobed, creamy-white flowers marked dark-centered, pale pink flower heads, shrub, grown as an annual. Flattish,
flower heads in summer and early fall. red, pink and yellow in summer, 1¼in (3cm) across, from early summer rounded, very pale pink flowers, 2in (5cm)
H and S 8–18in (20–45cm). followed by horned, green, then brown, and into fall. Has lobed, glossy, dull across, with a neat ring of reddish-pink
fruits. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). green leaves. H 11in (28cm), around the tiny eye, are borne in summer.
S 7in (17cm). H 6in (15cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm).
300
ADt Z4–9 H9–1 ADH11–7 AE Z7–11 H11–1 AE H11–1
Diascia LITTLE DANCER (‘Pendan’) Lathyrus odoratus Cupid Series Nemesia AMELIE (‘Fleurame’)
Mound-forming or semi-trailing ‘Cupid Pink’ Mound-forming, twiggy perennial,
perennial, usually grown as an annual. Neat, compact, annual with fragrant, grown as an annual, with highly
Spikes of tubular, coral-pink flowers are pink-and-white, bicolored flowers in fragrant, trumpet-shaped, 2-tone pink
borne in clouds from late spring to fall. summer. Has pairs of mid-green, 1–2in flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, with yellow
Has heart-shaped, pale green leaves. (2.5–5cm) leaves and no tendrils. Good at lips, in summer. Has lance-shaped, neatly
H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). the front of borders, as a potted specimen, toothed, dark green leaves. Good for a
or in a basket. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). container. H 5in (13cm), S 6in (15cm).
AEZ7–9 H9–6 AE Z9–10 H8–1 AEZ9–10 H10–1
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,

Osteospermum Sunny Series
‘Sunny Marina’
Evergreen, compact, slightly shrubby
perennial, grown as an annual. In
summer–fall, bears blue-eyed flowers, 3in
(7cm) across, with purple rays, shading to
white. Has narrow, slightly toothed, dark
green leaves. H and S 8–10in (20–25cm).
AEZ10–11 H7–1
Lantana camara Lucky Series Gaura lindheimeri ‘Rosyjane’ Fuchsia ‘Leonora’

LUCKY HONEY BLUSH (‘Baluclush’) Upright, woody-based perennial, Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub
Evergreen, mound-forming shrub, grown usually grown as an annual. Racemes bearing bell-shaped, single, pink
as an annual. Clusters of tubular, 5-lobed, of tubular, white flowers, with bright flowers with green-tipped sepals.
yellow flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, maturing pink margins, are borne in summer–fall Is good for training as a standard.
to pink, with a spicy scent, are borne in late on twiggy stems with lance-shaped H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
spring–fall. Has oval, finely wrinkled, deep leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
green leaves. H 7in (18cm), S 12in (30cm).
301
AEt Z11 H11–1 AE Z6–9 H9–6 BD Z9–11 H11–9
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FUCHSIAS
Flowering freely all summer and throughout early fall
until the first frost, fuchsias make excellent container and
border plants. The single or double blooms vary from small
and dainty to bold and frilly, their colorful outer sepals held
above petals in similar or contrasting hues. A few also boast F. ‘Lye’s Unique’
variegated foliage. Ranging in habit from strongly upright,
through broad and bushy, to arching and trailing, there are
fuchsias for many garden situations. Upright and bushy
types inject summer color into permanent mixed border
schemes or seasonal bedding displays, while larger types
make good container specimens, combining well with
other summer flowers. Trailing fuchsias are ideal for
hanging baskets and windowboxes.
F. triphylla ‘Firecracker’ F. Mojo Series ‘Beebop’ F. ‘Celia Smedley’
F. ‘Annabel’ F. ‘Pink Galore’ F. ‘Jack Shahan’
F. ‘Joanna Lumley’ F. ‘Dollar Prinzessin’ F. ‘Mrs. Lovell Swisher’
F. Windchimes Series WINDCHIMES PINK AND WHITE F. Shadowdancer Series PEGGY (‘Goetzpeg’) F. ‘Nellie Nuttall’ F. ‘Golden Marinka’
(‘Kiefuwind’)
F. ‘Bicentennial’ F. ‘Thalia’ F. ‘Coralle’
302
F. California Dreamers Series ‘Snowburner’ F. ‘Swingtime’ F. ‘Sunray’ F. ‘Red Spider’ F. fulgens
PINK
Primula Belarina Series Glandularia x hybrida AZTEC DARK Gomphrena globosa Rhodanthe chlorocephala
BELARINA PINK ICE (‘Kerbelpice’) PINK MAGIC (‘Balazdapima’) (Globe amaranth) subsp. rosea
Rosette-forming, semievergreen, Trailing or groundcover perennial, grown Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy Moderately fast-growing, erect annual.
Primrose Group primula. Double white as an annual. Stems bear oval, dark green annual with oval, hairy leaves. Has oval, Lance-shaped leaves are grayish-green;
flowers, 1¾in (3cm) across, mature to leaves divided into slender leaflets and clover-like flower heads in pink, yellow, small, daisylike, papery, semidouble,
light pink-purple in late winter and clusters of tubular, lobed, white-eyed, orange, purple or white in summer and pink flower heads appear in summer.
spring. Has oval, deeply veined, dark rose pink flowers, 2½in (6cm) across, in early fall. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm). Flowers dry well. H 12in (30cm),
green leaves. H 6in (16cm), S 12in (30cm). summer. H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm). S 6in (15cm).
BEZ6–9 H8–6 AEZ9–11 H12–1 AD Z11 H11–1 AD H11–1
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Antirrhinum Luminaire Series Callistephus chinensis
LUMINAIRE HOT PINK (‘Balumhopi’) Ostrich Plume Series
Semi-trailing subshrub, grown as an Fast-growing, bushy annual with long,
annual with vibrant pink, 2-lipped branching stems. From late summer to
flowers, each with a yellow throat. Has late fall, produces spreading, feathery,
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Is ideal reflexed, double flower heads, mainly
in a mixed basket or trailing over the in pinks and crimsons. H to 24in (60cm),
edge of a tub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). S 12in (30cm).
AE Z9–11 H11–1 AD H9–1
x Petchoa Supercal Series SUPERCAL Matthiola ‘Giant Excelsior’ Papaver somniferum Silene coeli-rosa
NEON ROSE (‘Kakegawa S89’) Fast-growing, erect, bushy biennial, Paeoniiflorum Group Moderately fast-growing, erect annual
Trailing evergreen perennial, grown grown as an annual. Lance-shaped Fast-growing, erect annual with lobed, with lance-shaped, grayish-green
as an annual with abundant, flared, leaves are grayish-green; long spikes pale grayish-green leaves. Has large, leaves. Has 5-petaled, pinkish-purple
trumpet-shaped yellow-eyed, vivid pink of highly scented flowers in shades of rounded, often cup-shaped, double flowers with white centers in summer.
flowers borne continuously all summer. pink, red, pale blue or white appear in flowers in a mixture of colors—red, H 18in (45cm), S 6in (15cm).
Is a Petunia/Calibrachoa hybrid. summer. H to 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). pink, purple or white—in summer.
H 10in (25cm), S 14in (35cm). H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).
303
AEZ10–11 H11–1 ADZ5–8 H8–5 ADt Z3–8 H8–1 AD H9–1
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PINK
Lobularia maritima ‘Rosie O’Day’ Schizanthus ‘Dwarf Bouquet’ [mixed]

Fast-growing, compact annual with Moderately fast-growing, erect annual
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In with fernlike, mid-green leaves. Bears
summer bears rounded, compact heads massed, 2-lipped, open-faced flowers
of small, sweet-scented flowers, which in a range of colors from pink to red,
open white but become red-purple. purple, yellow or white in summer and
H to 6in (15cm), S to 10in (25cm). fall. H and S 8–10in (20–25cm).
AD Z10–11 H11–1 AD Z12–15 H8–1

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Agrostemma githago ‘Milas’ Malcolmia maritima (Virginian stock) Silybum marianum (Mary’s thistle)
Fast-growing, slender, upright, Fast-growing, slim, erect annual with Biennial with a basal rosette of deeply
thin-stemmed annual. Has lance-shaped oval, grayish-green leaves. Carries tiny, lobed, very spiny, heavily white-marbled,
leaves and 5-petaled, purplish-pink fragrant, 4-petaled, pink, red or white deep green leaves. Has thistle-like,
flowers, 3in (8cm) wide, in summer. flowers from spring to fall. Sow in dark purplish-pink flower heads on
H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 12in (30cm). succession for a long flowering season. erect stems in summer and early fall.
H 8in (20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADt H9–1 AD Z8–9 H9–1 AD Z6–9 H6–1
Cleome hassleriana ‘Colour Fountain’ Iberis umbellata Fairy Series Onopordum acanthium Callistephus chinensis
Fast-growing, bushy annual with hairy Fast-growing, upright, bushy annual (Scotch thistle) Milady Super Series [rose]
stems and divided leaves. In summer has with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Slow-growing, erect, branching biennial. Moderately fast-growing, erect, bushy
heads of narrow-petaled flowers, with Heads of small, 4-petaled flowers, in Large, lobed, spiny leaves are hairy and annual with oval, toothed leaves. Has
long, protruding stamens, in shades of shades of pink, red, purple or white, bright silvery-gray; winged, branching large, daisylike, double, rose-pink
pink, purple or white. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), are carried in summer and early fall. flower stems bear deep purplish-pink flower heads in summer and early
S 1½–2ft (45–60cm). H and S 8in (20cm). flower heads in summer. H 6ft (1.8m), fall. H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 12–18in
S 3ft (1m). (30–45cm).
304
AD Z11 H11–1 AD H11–1 AD Z6–8 H11–7 AD H9–1
Clarkia amoena ‘Sybil Sherwood’ Phlox drummondii ‘Chanal’

Erect annual with lance-shaped, Erect to spreading, but compact,
sometimes toothed leaves. Single, fluted, bushy, hairy annual with very variable,
salmon-pink flowers, fading to white stem-clasping leaves. In late spring,
at the margins, are borne at the tips of bears cymes of double, almost rose-
long, leafy shoots in summer. H to 18in like, pink flowers. H 4–18in (10–45cm),
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). S to 10in (25cm) or more.
AD H7–1 AD H11–1
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Clarkia ‘Brilliant’ Cosmos bipinnatus Sensation Series Lavatera trimestris ‘Silver Cup’
Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual with Moderately fast-growing, bushy, erect Moderately fast-growing, erect,
oval leaves. Large, rosette-like, double, annual. Has feathery, mid-green leaves branching annual with oval, lobed
bright reddish-pink flowers are carried and daisylike flower heads, to 4in (10cm) leaves. Shallowly trumpet-shaped,
in long spikes in summer and early fall. wide, in shades of red, pink or white, rose-pink flowers are carried in
H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). from early summer to early fall. summer and early fall. H 24in (60cm),
H to 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm). S 18in (45cm).
ADH8–1 AD AD
Dianthus chinensis Baby Doll Series Malope trifida Xeranthemum annuum [double] Nicotiana x sanderae
Neat, bushy annual or biennial, grown Moderately fast-growing, erect, Erect annual with lance-shaped, silvery Saratoga Series [deep rose]
as an annual. Light or mid-green leaves branching annual with rounded, lobed leaves and branching heads of daisylike, Slow-growing, bushy annual with ovate
are lance-shaped; small, single, zoned leaves. Flared, trumpet-shaped, reddish- papery, double flower heads in shades mid-green leaves. In summer and early
flowers in various colors are carried purple flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide and of pink, mauve, purple or white, in fall produces a long display of sparkling,
in summer and early fall. H 6in (15cm), with deep pink veins, are carried in summer. Produces good dried flowers. long-tubed, salverform, deep rose-
S 6–12in (15–30cm). summer and early fall. H 36in (90cm), H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). colored flowers. H and S 12in (30cm).
S 12in (30cm).
305
AD Z9–11 H11–1 AD H8–1 AD H12–1 ADt Z10–11 H11–1
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PINK RED
Calibrachoa Million Bells Series Lotus berthelotii (Coral gem) Zinnia elegans Cosmos atrosanguineus
CHERRY PINK (‘Sunbelrichipi’) Semievergreen, straggling perennial Dreamland Series [scarlet] CHOCAMOCHA (‘Thomocha’)
Semi-trailing, prolific perennial, grown as suitable for a hanging basket or large Moderately fast-growing, sturdy, erect Bushy, tuberous perennial, grown as
an annual. In summer–fall, trumpet-shaped, pan in an alpine house. Has hairy, annual with ovate, mid-green leaves. an annual, with slightly bowl-shaped,
deep cherry-pink flowers, 1½in (4cm) silvery branches and leaves, and In summer and fall produces large, strongly chocolate-scented, deep red
across, are borne on twiggy stems with clusters of pealike, scarlet flowers daisylike, semidouble, bright scarlet flower heads, 1½in (4cm) across, in
linear, dark green leaves. H 8in (20cm), in summer. H 12in (30cm) S indefinite. flower heads. H and S 12in (30cm). summer–fall. Has pinnate, dark green
S 22in (55cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). leaves. H and S 14–15in (35–38cm).
AEM Z10–11 H11–1 AD H11–10 AD H12–1 AE Z7–11 H11–1

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Lunaria annua ‘Variegata’ Gerbera jamesonii (Barberton daisy) Cuphea x purpurea ‘Firecracker’
Fast-growing, erect biennial with Evergreen, upright perennial with Semi-trailing, subshrubby perennial,
pointed-oval, serrated, white-variegated daisylike, variably colored flower heads, grown as an annual. Sticky stems
leaves. Heads of small, scented, borne intermittently on long stems, bear lance-shaped, dark green leaves
4-petaled, deep purplish-pink flowers and basal rosettes of large, jagged and, from late spring to fall, 2-lipped,
are borne in spring and early summer leaves. Flowers are excellent for bright red flowers. Is good in a mixed
followed by rounded, silvery seed pods. cutting. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). container. H 9in (23cm), S 16in (40cm).
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).
BD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z11 H11–6 AE Z10–11 H11–10
Brassica Northern Lights Series Catharanthus roseus Cobra Series Antirrhinum majus ‘Black Prince’ Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE ROMEO
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen ‘Cobra Burgundy’ Erect, bushy perennial, grown as an (‘HS Romeo’)
biennial. Has compact heads of large, Evergreen, well-branched, disease- annual. Lance-shaped, bronze leaves Bushy, single dahlia, grown as an
tightly packed, bluish green leaves, resistant shrub, grown as an annual, with offset spikes of 2-lipped, deep crimson annual, bearing deep purple leaves
crinkled at the edges, opening purple, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Produces flowers produced in summer–fall. with oval leaflets. Produces dark-
pink or creamy-white in the center. flat, rounded, 5-petaled, deep burgundy- Dead-head regularly. H 18in (45cm), centered, deep red flowers, 4in (10cm)
Is used for fall and winter color. red flowers in summer. H 14–16in S 12in (30cm). across, in summer and fall. H 22in
H and S 12–16in (30–40cm). (35–40cm), S 22–26in (55–65cm). (55cm), S 16in (40cm).
306
AE Z7–11 H7–1 AE H11–1 AE Z9–11 H11–1 AE Z9–11 H11–1
Nemesia strumosa Carnival Series Tropaeolum majus

Fairly fast-growing, bushy annual with ‘Hermine Grashoff’
serrated, pale green leaves. In summer Trailing, short-lived perennial, grown as
has small, somewhat trumpet-shaped an annual, with large, rounded, slightly
flowers in a range of colors, including wavy-edged, pale green leaves. Produces
yellow, red, orange, purple and white. double, sterile, bright red flowers in
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 6in (15cm). summer–fall. Is best in a large container.
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).
AD H7–1 AE Z11–12 H12–1
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,

Glandularia x hybrida Impatiens walleriana Pelargonium ‘Happy Thought’ Amaranthus caudatus
Corsage Series ‘Corsage Red’ MASQUERADE (‘Tuckmas’) Fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium with (Love-lies-bleeding, Tassel flower)
Trailing perennial, grown as an annual. Mound-forming, well-branched, prolific single, light crimson flowers in clusters Bushy annual with oval, pale green
Stems have oval, neatly lobed, dark perennial, grown as an annual. Oval, borne in summer. Rounded leaves leaves. Pendulous panicles of tassel-
green leaves and, in summer, bear fresh green leaves have yellow or cream each have a greenish-yellow butterfly like, red flowers, 18in (45cm) long, are
clusters, 3in (7cm) across, of tubular, margins. In summer produces flattish, marking in the center. H 16–18in carried in summer–fall. H to 4ft (1.2m),
lobed, double, vibrant red flowers. 5-petaled, spurred, single, bright orange- (40–45cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). S 18in (45cm).
H 14in (35cm), S 28in (70cm). red flowers. H and S 15–18in (38–45cm). Min. 36°F (2°C).
AEZ9–11 H12–1 AEZ11 H12–1 AD H11–1 AD Z10–11 H11–1
Zinnia x marylandica Dianthus chinensis ‘Fire Carpet’ Impatiens Expo Series

Profusion Series ‘Profusion Cherry’ Slow-growing, bushy annual or biennial, ‘Expo Pink’ (Busy lizzie)
Mound-forming, well-branched, disease- grown as an annual. Lance-shaped Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy
resistant annual with ovate, mid-green leaves are light or mid-green. Small, perennial usually grown as an annual.
leaves. Has semidouble, rich cherry red rounded, single, bright red flowers Has pointed, ovate leaves and from late
flower heads, 2–3in (5–7.5cm) across, are carried in summer and early fall. spring to fall bears spurred, flat-faced,
in summer–fall. H 12–18in (30–45cm), H 8in (20cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm). red, pink or white flowers. H 4–6in
S 16–24in (40–60cm). (10–15cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm).
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AE H12–1 AD Z9–11 H11–1 BE Z10–11 H11–1
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RED
Linum grandiflorum ‘Rubrum’ Ricinus communis ‘Impala’

Fairly fast-growing, slim, erect annual. Fast-growing, evergreen, erect shrub,
Lance-shaped leaves are gray-green; usually grown as an annual. Has deeply
small, rounded, flattish, deep red flowers lobed, bronze leaves to 12in (30cm) wide,
are carried in summer. H 18in (45cm), and clusters of small, red flowers in
S 6in (15cm). summer, followed by globular, prickly,
red seed heads. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
AD H8–1 ADt Z11–14 H12–1

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,

Petunia ‘Mirage Velvet’ Salvia splendens Vista Series [red] Cuphea ignea (Cigar flower)
Branching, bushy perennial, grown as Slow-growing, bushy perennial grown Evergreen, spreading, bushy subshrub
an annual, with oval, dark green leaves. as an annual, with dark green, ovate, with bright green leaves. From spring
Large, flared, trumpet-shaped, rich red toothed leaves. Produces long-tubed, to fall has tubular, dark orange-red
flowers, with almost black centers, 2-lipped, bright scarlet flowers in dense, flowers, each with a dark band and white
appear in summer–fall. H 10in (25m), terminal spikes during summer and fall. ring at the mouth. H 12–30in (30–75cm),
S 12in (30cm). H and S 12in (30cm). S 12–36in (30–90cm). Min. 36ºF (2ºC).
AD Z11 H11–1 AD Z11–12 H12–10 AD Z10–11 H11–6
Viola x wittrockiana Tagetes ‘Cinnabar’ Amaranthus hypochondriacus Alonsoa warscewiczii (Mask flower)
Floral Dance Series Fast-growing, bushy annual with (Prince’s feather) Perennial, grown as an annual, with
Fairly fast-growing, bushy perennial, aromatic, very feathery, deep green Bushy annual with upright, sometimes slender, branching, red stems carrying
grown as an annual or biennial. Has leaves. Heads of rounded, daisylike, flattened panicles, 6in (15cm) long or oval, toothed, deep green leaves.
oval, mid-green leaves and rounded, single, rich rust-red flowers, yellow-red more, of dark red flowers in summer– Spurred, bright scarlet flowers
5-petaled flowers in a wide range of beneath, are carried in summer and fall. Leaves are heavily suffused purple. are produced during summer–fall.
colors in winter. H 6–8in (15–20cm), early fall. H and S to 12in (30cm). H to 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm). H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 8in (20cm).
308
AD Z8–11 H9–1 ADt H12–1 AD H11–1 AD Z10–11 H11–10
PELARGONIUMS
Pelargoniums are perfect for containers and beds, and flower
almost continuously in warm climates or under glass. Most
fall into one of four main groups. Zonal geraniums have
rounded leaves, clearly marked with a darker “zone,” and
single to double flowers. Regal types are shrubby with P. ‘Alberta’ t Pelargonium Fireworks Series FIREWORKS
[zonal] SCARLET (‘Fiwoscarl’)
[scented-leaved]
serrated leaves and delicate, trumpet-shaped flowers. Ivy-
leaved pelargoniums are trailing plants with lobed leaves and
single to double flowers—a good choice for hanging baskets.
Scented-leaved types and species have small, star-shaped
flowers and are grown principally for their fragrant foliage.
Unique types are tall subshrubs with regal, brightly colored
flowers; some also have scented leaves. To flower well, all
types need sun and well-drained soil.
P. ‘Clorinda’ t
[scented-leaved]
P. ‘Fraiche Beauté’ t P. ‘Evka’ [ivy-leaved]

[zonal]
P. Maverick Series ‘Maverick Star’ [zonal] P. ‘Lady Plymouth’ t P. ‘Voodoo’ t P. Regalia Series ‘Regalia Chocolate’
[scented-leaved] [unique] [regal]
P. Horizon Deva Series ‘Horizon Deva Raspberry Ripple’ [zonal] P. ‘Lachskönigin’ t P. ‘Tip Top Duet’ t
[ivy-leaved] [regal]
P. Bulls Eye Series P. ‘Brookside Primrose’ t P. Decora Series ‘Decora Dark Pink’
‘Bulls Eye Salmon’ [zonal] [zonal] [ivy-leaved]
309
P. Antik Series ANTIK SALMON (‘Tiksal’) [zonal] P. BLUE WONDER (‘Pacbla’) [zonal] P. Horizon Deva Series ‘Horizon Deva Orange Ice’ [zonal]
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RED PURPLE
Aeonium ‘Zwartkop’ Lycianthes rantonnetii ‘Royal Robe’

Bushy, perennial succulent with stems Evergreen, loosely rounded shrub with
each crowned by a rosette, to 6in (15cm) smooth, bright green leaves. In summer
across, of narrow, purple leaves. Bears has clusters of rich purple-blue flowers
golden pyramids of flowers in spring that open almost flat. H and S 3–6ft
on 2–3-year-old stems, which then die. (1–2m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BD Z9–11 H9–4 ADt H11–6

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Papaver rhoeas Shirley Group [single] Streptocarpus saxorum Lantana montevidensis

Fast-growing, slender, erect annual with (False African violet) Evergreen, trailing or mat-forming
lobed, light green leaves. Rounded, often Evergreen, rounded, woody-based shrub with serrated leaves. Has heads of
cup-shaped, single flowers, in shades perennial with small, oval, hairy leaves rose-purple flowers, each with a yellow
of red, pink, salmon or white, appear in whorls. Lilac flowers with white eye, intermittently all year but mainly in
in summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). tubes arise from leaf axils in summer– summer. H 8–39in (20–100cm), S 24–48in
fall. H and S 12in (30cm) or more. (60–120cm). Min. 50–55ºF (10–13ºC).
Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC).
AD H11–1 BE Z14–15 H12–10 ADt H11–9
Lunaria annua (Honesty) Solenostemon scutellarioides Tradescantia pallida ‘Purpurea’ Heliotropium arborescens
Fast-growing, erect biennial with Kong Series ‘Kong Scarlet’ Evergreen, creeping perennial with dark Evergreen, bushy shrub. Semi-glossy,
pointed-oval, serrated leaves. Heads of Fast-growing, large-leaved perennial, purple stems and slightly fleshy leaves. dark green leaves are finely wrinkled.
scented, 4-petaled, white to deep purple grown as an annual. Deepest crimson Has pink or pink-and-white flowers Purple to lavender flowers are borne
flowers in spring and early summer are leaves are feathered to green at the in summer. H 12–16in (30–40cm), in dense, flat clusters from late spring
followed by rounded, silvery seed pods. margins and have a slender, central, S 12in (30cm) or more. Min. 59ºF (15ºC). to winter. H 18in (45cm), S 12–18in
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). cerise flash. Pinch out flower spikes. (30–45cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
H and S 18–24in (45–60cm).
310
BD Z3–9 H9–1 AEZ11–12 H12–1 AD Z11–12 H12–1 AD H11–9
Alternanthera dentata Solenostemon ‘Chocolate Mint’ Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series Petunia Tumbelina Series
‘Purple Knight’ (Joseph’s coat) Fast-growing perennial, grown as an ‘Waterfall Light Lavender’ PRISCILLA (‘Kerpril’)
Vigorous, evergreen perennial, grown annual, with broadly oval, chocolate- Mound-forming, semi-trailing perennial, Semi-trailing, well-branched perennial,
as an annual. Forms a spreading mound brown leaves margined in fresh mint- grown as an annual, with narrowly oval grown as an annual, with lance-shaped,
of upright, purple stems clad in ovate, green. Pinch out any flower spikes. to lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Bears dark green leaves. Produces fragrant,
slightly glossy, dark purple leaves. H 14–20in (35–50cm), S 12–14in 2-lipped, lobed, pale violet flowers, ¾in double, mauve flowers, veined in
H 2–3ft (60–90cm ), S 3–4ft (90–120cm). (30–35cm). (2cm) across, with white eyes, in summer. dark purple, in summer and fall.
Min. 59–64°F (15–18°C ). H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).
AEZ11 H12–1 BE Z11–12 H12–1 AE Z2–8 H8–1 AE Z11 H11–1
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Angelonia angustifolia AngelMist Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE WINK (‘HS Wink’) Petunia Surfinia Series Strobilanthes dyerianus
Series ‘AngelMist Lavender Stripe’ Bushy, single dahlia, grown as an SURFINIA BLUE VEIN (‘Sunsolos’) (Purple Shield)
Evergreen, upright perennial, grown as annual, bearing deep purple leaves with Vigorous, trailing perennial, grown as an Evergreen, relatively unbranched
an annual, with lance-shaped, toothed oval leaflets. Pale purple flowers, 3in annual. In summer, almost white flowers, subshrub, grown as an annual, with
leaves. Slender racemes of 2-lipped (8cm) across, each have a dark purple 2in (5cm) across, developing mauve tints, elliptical, dark green, leaves, 6in (15cm)
flowers, ¾in (2cm) across, purple above ring around the eye. Is good in a mixed are borne with vivid purple-blue veins long, almost fully flushed in silvery
and white below, are borne in summer. border. H 28in (70cm), S 18in (45cm). and dark throats. Is good in a basket. purple, leaving only a pattern of dark
H 12in (30cm), S 14in (35cm). H 10in (25cm), S 24in (60cm). green veins. H and S 36in (90cm).
AE Z9–10 H10–1 AE Z9–11 H11–1 AE Z11 H11–1 AE Z11–12 H12–1
Solenostemon scutellarioides Ipomoea batatas ‘Blackie’ Pennisetum glaucum Osteospermum Cape Daisy Series
‘Inky Fingers’ Evergreen, tuberous, trailing perennial ‘Purple Majesty’ (Pearl millet) NASINGA PURPLE (‘Aksullo’)
Fast-growing, semi-trailing, bushy grown as an annual, with 3-lobed, Tall, upright perennial, grown as an Evergreen, slightly woody perennial,
perennial, grown as an annual. Rounded, almost black leaves. In summer may annual, with long, straplike, arching grown as an annual, with lance-shaped,
dark blackish-red leaves are cut into 5–11 produce trumpet-shaped, purple- purple leaves. Bold, bristly, vertical slightly toothed leaves. In summer bears
mostly deep lobes and edged in green. throated, lavender flowers, 1in (2.5cm) flower spikes, borne in summer, turn blue-eyed flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with
Pinch out once or twice when young. across. Is good in a mixed container. from tan to purple. H 24–36in (60–90cm), fuchsia-purple rays, spooned at the tips.
H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 24–39in (60–100cm). H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). S 16–28in (40–70cm). Min. 36°F (2°C). H 12–15in (30–38cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm).
311
AE Z11–12 H12–1 AEt Z11 H11–1 AEH10–1 AEZ10–11 H7–1
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PURPLE
Viola x wittrockiana Imperial Series Collinsia grandiflora Callistephus chinensis

‘Imperial Frosty Rose’ Moderately fast-growing, slender- Milady Super Series [blue]
Erect, bushy perennial, grown as an stemmed annual. Upper leaves are Moderately fast-growing, erect, bushy
annual or biennial, with oval leaves. lance-shaped; lower are oval. Whorls annual with oval, toothed leaves.
In summer, bears large, unusual, rose- of pale purple flowers, with purplish- Has large, daisylike, double, purplish-
purple flowers fading to pink and white. blue lips, are carried in spring–summer. blue flower heads in summer and
H 6–9in (16–23cm), S 9–12in (23–30cm). H and S 6–12in (15–30cm). early fall. H 10–12in (25–30cm),
S 12–18in (30–45cm).
AD Z8–11 H9–1 BD Z10–11 H11–1 AD H9–1

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Pennisetum setaceum ‘Rubrum’ Nierembergia linariifolia Viola Joker Series Viola x wittrockiana Sorbet Series
Clump-forming, herbaceous perennial ‘Purple Robe’ Bushy, spreading perennial, usually ‘Sorbet Black Delight’
grass, grown as an annual, with slender, Moderately fast-growing, rounded, grown as an annual or biennial. Large, Neat, prolific perennial, grown as a
upright, rather rough, dark purple branching perennial, grown as an rounded, 5-petaled, purplish-blue biennial. Small, 5-petaled, deep black
leaves. In summer produces dense, annual, with narrow, lance-shaped flowers, with black and white “faces” flowers, each with a small, gold eye, are
cylindrical panicles of crimson spikelets, leaves. Has cup-shaped, dark bluish- and yellow eyes, appear in summer. borne in winter and spring over ovate,
with bearded bristles, fading to green. purple flowers in summer and early fall. H and S 6in (15cm). sparsely toothed, mid-green leaves.
H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm). H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). H and S 6–8in (15–20cm).
AE Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z8–11 H9–1 AE Z8–11 H9–1
Cerinthe major ‘Purpurascens’ Petunia Daddy Series ‘Sugar Daddy’ Salvia farinacea ‘Victoria’ Glandularia x hybrida
Annual of lax habit with oval to spoon- Fairly fast-growing, branching, bushy, Moderately fast-growing perennial, AZTEC SILVER MAGIC (‘Balazsilma’)
shaped leaves, to 2½in (6cm) long. Bears perennial, grown as an annual, with grown as an annual, with many erect Trailing or groundcover, mildew-tolerant
terminal sprays of nodding, tubular, pale oval leaves. In early summer to fall, has stems. Has oval or lance-shaped leaves perennial, grown as an annual, with
to mid-yellow flowers, with violet-tinged large, purple flowers with dark veins. and spikes of tubular, violet-blue flowers small, finely lobed, green leaves. In
tips. Bracts around flowers are strongly H to 14in (35cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm). in summer. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). summer, clusters, 2½in (6cm) across,
suffused purple. H and S 24in (60cm). of pale violet flowers are borne along
the stems. H 3in (8cm), S 20in (50cm).
312
ADZ9–11 H12–5 AD Z11 H11–1 AD Z8–11 H12–1 AEZ9–11 H12–1
BLUE
Campanula medium
‘Bells of Holland’
Slow-growing, evergreen, clump-
forming, erect biennial with lance-
shaped, toothed leaves. In spring
and early summer has bell-shaped
flowers in blue, lilac, pink or white.
H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5
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Salvia sclarea var. turkestanica Myosotis Sylva Series Viola x wittrockiana
Moderately fast-growing, erect biennial, Compact, bushy, early-flowering Ultima Radiance Series [deep blue]
grown as an annual. Has aromatic, oval, perennial, grown as a biennial. Has Spreading perennial, grown as a
hairy leaves and panicles of tubular, lance-shaped, hairy leaves and, from biennial. Produces large, neatly rounded,
white and lavender-purple flowers with mid-spring to early summer, clustered 5-petaled, deep blue flowers, with white
prominent, lavender-purple bracts in spikes of small, 5-lobed flowers in blue, faces, yellow lips and dark whiskers, in
summer. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). pink or white. H and S 9in (23cm). winter and spring. Leaves are oval and
mid-green. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–3 BEZ5–9 H8–1 AE Z8–11 H9–1
Trachelium caeruleum (Throatwort) Isotoma Avant-Garde Series Ageratum houstonianum

Moderately fast-growing, erect Neat, domed, woody-based perennial, ‘Blue Danube’
perennial, grown as an annual. Has grown as an annual. Rounded mounds Moderately fast-growing, hummock-
oval, serrated leaves and clustered of slender, lobed leaves are topped by forming annual with pointed-oval leaves.
heads of small, tubular, lilac-blue or star-shaped, 5-petaled flowers, in blue Has clusters of feathery, brushlike,
white flowers in summer. H 24–36in purple, pink and white, in summer. Is lavender-blue flower heads in summer–
(60–90cm), S 12in (30cm). good in a container. H 6–12in (15–30cm), fall. Makes a useful edging plant.
S 9–15in (23–38cm). H and S 6in (15cm).
313
AD Z9–13 H12–1 AEZ10–11 H11–1 AD Z10–11 H11–1
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BLUE
Nigella damascena Nemophila menziesii Phacelia campanularia

Persian Jewels Series (Baby blue-eyes) (California bluebell)
Fast-growing, erect annual with feathery Fast-growing, spreading annual with Moderately fast-growing, branching,
leaves. Small, semidouble flowers, in serrated, gray-green leaves. Small, bushy annual with oval, serrated, deep
shades of blue, pink or white, appear bowl-shaped, blue flowers with green leaves. Bell-shaped, pure blue
in summer, followed by inflated seed white centers are carried in summer. flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, are carried
pods that can be cut and dried. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). in summer and early fall. H 8in (20cm),
H 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). S 6in (15cm).
AD H11–1 AD H11–1 ADt Z5–10 H9–1

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Salvia farinacea ‘Strata’ Gilia capitata Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series

Upright, slightly tuberous perennial, Erect, branching annual. Has very ‘Waterfall Blue’
grown as an annual. White-mealy stems feathery, mid-green leaves and tiny, Mound-forming, semi-trailing perennial,
bear spikes of blue flowers, with broad dense, rounded heads of soft lavender- grown as an annual, with narrowly oval
lower lips, ¾in (2cm) long, each in a blue flowers in summer and early fall. to lance-shaped, toothed, green leaves.
white calyx, in summer–fall. Has glossy, Is good for cut flowers. H 18in (45cm), Racemes of 2-lipped, mid-blue flowers,
narrowly lance-shaped, gray-green S 8in (20cm). ¾in (2cm) across, are borne in summer.
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm).
AE Z8–11 H12–1 AD H11–1 AE Z2–8 H8–1
Pericallis Senetti Series Lobelia erinus ‘Sapphire’ Convolvulus tricolor ‘Blue Flash’ Ageratum houstonianum ‘Blue Mink’
SENETTI BLUE BICOLOR (‘Sunseneribuba’) Slow-growing, pendulous, spreading Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy Moderately fast-growing, hummock-
Mound-forming, bushy perennial, grown annual or occasionally perennial. Oval annual with oval to lance-shaped leaves. forming annual. Has pointed-oval leaves
as an annual. Daisylike, white flower heads, to lance-shaped leaves are pale green; Has small, saucer-shaped, intense blue and clusters of feathery, brushlike,
3in (7cm) across, with vivid blue tips and small, sapphire-blue flowers with white flowers with cream and yellow centers pastel blue flower heads in summer–fall.
deep magenta eyes are borne in spring. centers are produced continuously in in summer. H 8–12in (20–30cm), Is a useful edging plant. H and S 8–12in
Has oval, serrated, mid–deep green leaves. summer and early fall. H 8in (20cm), S 8in (20cm). (20–30cm).
314
AEZ11 H11–5 AD Z2–8 H8–1 AD Z9–11 H11–10 AD Z10–11 H11–1
GRAY
Cynoglossum amabile ‘Firmament’ Commelina coelestis (Dayflower) Myosotis sylvatica ‘Blue Ball’
Slow-growing, upright, bushy annual Fairly fast-growing, upright perennial, Slow-growing, bushy, compact
or biennial with lance-shaped, hairy, usually grown as an annual, with perennial, often grown as a biennial.
gray-green leaves. Pendulous, tubular, lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Small, Has lance-shaped leaves and, in
pure sky-blue flowers are carried in 3-petaled, bright pure blue flowers are spring and early summer, spikes
summer. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). freely produced from late summer to of tiny, 5-lobed, deep blue flowers.
mid-fall. H to 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–1 AD Z9–10 H11–9 BD Z5–9 H7–1
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Anchusa capensis ‘Blue Angel’ Centaurea cyanus [tall, blue] Borago officinalis (Borage) Senecio cineraria ‘Silver Dust’
Bushy biennial, grown as an annual. (Cornflower) Spreading, clump-forming, annual Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
Has lance-shaped, bristly leaves. Heads Fast-growing, erect, branching annual. herb. Has oval, crinkled, rough-haired bushy subshrub, usually grown as an
of shallowly bowl-shaped, brilliant Has lance-shaped, gray-green leaves leaves and sprays of star-shaped, blue annual, with deeply lobed, silver leaves.
blue flowers are borne in summer. and branching heads of daisylike, flowers in summer and early fall. Small, daisylike, yellow flower heads
H and S 8in (20cm). blue flowers in summer and early fall. Young leaves are sometimes used as a appear in summer but are best removed.
H to 36in (90cm), S 12in (30cm). coolant in drinks. Self-seeds prolifically. H and S 12in (30cm).
H 36in (90cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD H7–1 AD H11–1 AD Z8–11 H12–1
Nigella damascena ‘Miss Jekyll’ Lobelia erinus ‘Crystal Palace’ Sedum caeruleum Leucophyta brownii
Fast-growing, slender, erect annual. Slow-growing, spreading, compact, Moderately fast-growing annual with Evergreen, intricately branched
Feathery leaves are bright green; small, bushy annual or occasionally perennial. branching flower stems. Oval, light shrub with velvety, gray branches
rounded, many-petaled, semidouble, Bronzed leaves are oval to lance-shaped; green leaves become red-tinged when and tiny, scalelike leaves. Clusters of
blue flowers are carried in summer, small, deep blue flowers are produced clusters of small, star-shaped, light blue flower heads, silver in bud, yellowish
followed by inflated seed pods that continuously in summer and early fall. flowers with white centers are borne when expanded, appear in summer.
can be cut and dried. H 18in (45cm), H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). in summer. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). H 16–30in (40–75cm), S 16–36in
S 8in (20cm). (40–90cm). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC).
315
AD H11–1 AD Z2–8 H8–1 ADt H9–1 AD H11–10
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GREEN
Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla Nicotiana langsdorffii

(Burning bush, Summer cypress) Fairly slow-growing, erect, branching
Moderately fast-growing, erect, very perennial, grown as an annual, with
bushy annual. Narrow, lance-shaped, oval to lance-shaped leaves. Slightly
light green leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long, pendent, bell-shaped, pale green
turn red in fall. Has insignificant flowers. to yellow-green flowers appear in
H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm). summer. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z9–11 H9–2 ADt Z10–11 H11–1

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Zinnia elegans ‘Envy’

Moderately fast-growing, sturdy,
erect annual. Has oval to lance-shaped,
pale or mid-green leaves and large,
daisylike, double, green flower heads
in summer and early fall. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).
AD H12–1
Moluccella laevis Petunia Surfinia Series

(Bells of Ireland, Shell flower) SURFINIA LIME (‘Keiyeul’)
Fairly fast-growing, erect, branching Vigorous, trailing perennial grown
annual. Rounded leaves are pale green; as an annual, with slightly star-
spikes of small, tubular, white flowers, shaped, white flowers, 2½in (6cm)
each surrounded by a conspicuous, across, shading to lime-yellow in
pale green calyx, appear in summer. the throats, in summer. Is good in a
H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). basket. H 10in (25cm), S 24in (60cm).
316
AD Z9–11 H9–1 AE Z11 H11–1
BEGONIAS
The genus Begonia is one of the most versatile, providing
interest throughout the year. Semperflorens begonias are
excellent for summer bedding, while the Rex-cultorum
group offers distinctive, handsome foliage in a huge variety
of decorative shades and unusual textures. Other begonias,
such as the Tuberhybrida cultivars with their large, showy
blooms, are grown mostly for their flowers. Most begonias
are not suitable for permanent outdoor cultivation in
frost-prone areas as they are not hardy, but they make
attractive houseplants and displays in summer containers.
Begonias may be fibrous-rooted, rhizomatous, or tuberous,
the tubers becoming dormant in winter. Grow them in
a light position, shaded from direct sun.
B. serratipetala B. boliviensis ‘Bonfire’
B. ‘Ingramii’ B. x tuberhybrida Mocha Series ‘Mocha Scarlet’ B. bowerae
B. x tuberhybrida Non Stop Series ‘Non Stop White’ B. ‘Orpha C. Fox’ B. masoniana
B. albopicta B. ‘Merry Christmas’ B. DRAGON WING RED (‘Bepared’) B. ‘Tiger Paws’
B. dregei B. prismatocarpa
317
B. scharffii B. ‘Ikon White Blush’ B. Illumination Series ‘Illumination Salmon Pink’ B. ‘Orange Rubra’ B. sutherlandii
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GREEN
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Ricinus communis (Castor bean) Ipomoea batatas ‘Margarita’ Viola ‘Green Goddess’
Fast-growing, evergreen, erect shrub, Evergreen, tuberous, trailing perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial,
usually grown as an annual. Has large, grown as an annual, with 3-lobed, bright often grown as an annual, with small,
deeply lobed, mid-green leaves and lime green leaves. In summer, may oval, toothed, dark green leaves. Flattish,
heads of green and red flowers in produce trumpet-shaped, purple- 5-petaled flowers, with whiskered,
summer, followed by globular, prickly throated, lavender flowers, 1in (2.5cm) yellow centers surrounded by hazy
seed pods. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). across. Is good in a mixed container. green zones, are borne from spring
H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). to fall. H 6in (15cm), S 10in (25cm).
ADt Z11–14 H12–1 AEt Z11 H11–1 AE Z5–8 H8–5
Perilla ‘Magilla Vanilla’ Setaria macrostachya (Italian millet)

Fast-growing perennial, grown as an Upright, clump-forming, perennial
annual, with broadly oval, bright green grass, grown as an annual. Has long,
leaves brightly splashed in the centers pointed, coarse, mid-green leaves each
in rich cream. Spikes of tiny, bell-shaped with a pale central stripe. Erect spikes
flowers are occasionally borne in late of bristly, vivid green flower heads are
summer; pinch them out. H 24–36in produced in summer. H 3ft (90cm),
(60–90cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). S 2ft (60cm).
318
BEH12–1 ADZ9–11 H12–7
YELLOW
Argyranthemum ‘Jamaica Primrose’ Argyranthemum BUTTERFLY (‘Ulyssis’) Bidens ‘Gold Star’

Evergreen, woody-based perennial with Evergreen subshrub, grown as an Rather spreading, short-lived perennial,
fernlike, pale green leaves. Daisylike, annual, with finely divided, dark green grown as an annual. Semi-trailing
single, soft yellow flower heads are leaves. Prolific, daisylike, single, bright stems have divided leaves and bear
borne in summer. Take stem cuttings yellow flower heads are produced in star-shaped, golden-eyed, bright
in early fall. H and S to 3ft (1m). summer–fall. H 18–36in (45–90cm), yellow flower heads in summer–fall.
S 15–18in (38–45cm). H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
AD Z7–11 H11–1 AE Z8–11 H11–1 AE Z8–11 H11–7
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,

Osteospermum ‘Buttermilk’ Iresine herbstii ‘Aureoreticulata’ Duranta erecta ‘Gold Edge’
Evergreen, upright, semiwoody Evergreen, bushy perennial with Evergreen, fast-growing, bushy
perennial. Daisylike, pale yellow flower red stems and inconspicuous flowers. shrub, grown as an annual, with oval,
heads, with dark eyes, are borne singly Rounded, mid-green leaves, 4in (10cm) toothed, glossy, bright green leaves,
amid gray-green foliage from mid- long, have yellow or red veins and 2–3in (5–7.5cm) long, irregularly
summer to fall. H 24in (60cm), notched tips. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in margined in bright yellow. Rarely
S 12in (30cm). (45cm). Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC). flowers. H and S 24in (60cm).
AD H6–1 AD Z11 H11–1 AE Z11 H11–10
Brugmansia x candida Euryops pectinatus Duranta erecta Antirrhinum majus Liberty Classic
‘Grand Marnier’ Evergreen, upright shrub. Deeply cut, (Pigeonberry, golden dewdrop) Series ‘Liberty Yellow’
Evergreen, robust shrub with large, gray-green leaves set off large heads of Fast-growing, usually evergreen, bushy Erect perennial, grown as an annual,
oval to elliptic leaves. Pendent, flared, daisylike, bright yellow flowers, borne shrub. Has spikes of lilac-blue flowers, branching from the base. Has lance-
trumpet-shaped, apricot flowers open in late spring and early summer and mainly in summer, followed by yellow shaped, dull green leaves and in
from an inflated calyx in summer. often again in winter. H and S 3ft (1m). fruits. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). summer–fall bears spikes of tubular,
H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Min. 41–5ºF (5–7ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). 2-lipped, 2-tone yellow flowers. H 18–22in
Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). (45–55cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm).
319
ADt Z11 H11–10 AD Z11 H11–9 AD Z11 H11–10 AE Z9–11 H11–1
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YELLOW
Glaucium flavum (Horned poppy) Rudbeckia hirta ‘Toto Gold’

Slow-growing, erect biennial with Upright, strong-stemmed biennial or
oval, lobed, light grayish-green leaves. short-lived perennial, often grown as
Poppy-like, vivid yellow flowers, 3in an annual, with ovate to lance-shaped,
(8cm) wide, appear in summer and early mid-green leaves. Has large, daisylike,
fall. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 18in (45cm). bright yellow flower heads with very
dark brown centers in summer and
early fall. H and S to 18in (45cm).
ADt Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z3–7 H7–1

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Tagetes Gold Coins Series Nemesia Sunsatia Series

Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual. Has SUNSATIA MANGO (‘Inupyel’)
aromatic, feathery, glossy, deep green Evergreen, semi-trailing, woody-based
leaves and large, daisylike, double flower perennial, grown as an annual, with
heads in shades of yellow and orange lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Racemes
in summer and early fall. H 36in (90cm), of 2-lipped, yellow flowers, with golden
S 12–18in (30–45cm). lips and purple throats, are borne in
summer. H 9in (23cm), S 18in (45cm).
ADt H12–1 AEZ9–10 H10–1
Sanvitalia procumbens Xerochrysum bracteatum Sundaze Antirrhinum majus

(Creeping zinnia) Series SUNDAZE GOLD (‘Redbragol’) Chimes Series [yellow]
Moderately fast-growing, prostrate Bushy, rounded, short-lived perennial, Erect perennial usually grown as an
annual with pointed-oval leaves. grown as an annual, with lance-shaped, annual, with branching shoots and
Daisylike, yellow flower heads, mid-green leaves. Produces small, mid- to dark green, lance-shaped leaves.
1in (2.5cm) wide, with black centers, papery, daisylike, yellow flower heads, During summer and fall produces
are borne in summer. H 6in (15cm), with orange centers, in summer–fall. racemes of bright yellow, 2-lipped
S 12in (30cm). H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm). flowers. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).
320
AD Z5–11 H12–1 AE Z8–10 H10–7 AD Z9–11 H11–1
Platystemon californicus Argemone mexicana Calendula officinalis ‘Daisy May’ Coreopsis grandiflora ‘Sunray’
(Cream cups) (Devil’s fig, Prickly poppy) Fast-growing, bushy annual with Spreading, clump-forming perennial,
Moderately fast-growing, upright, Spreading perennial, grown as an aromatic, lance-shaped, mid-green grown as an annual by sowing under
compact annual with lance-shaped, annual, with leaves divided into white- leaves and numerous, semidouble, glass in early spring. Has lance-shaped,
grayish-green leaves. Saucer-shaped, marked, grayish-green leaflets. In yellow flower heads from late spring serrated leaves and daisylike, double,
cream or pale yellow flowers, about summer has fragrant, poppy-like, to fall. H and S 12–16in (30–40cm). bright yellow flower heads in summer.
1in (2.5cm) across, appear in summer. yellow or orange flowers, 3in (8cm) H 18in (45cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). wide. H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD H11–7 AD H11–1 AD H6–1 AD Z4–9 H11–1
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,

Cladanthus arabicus Coreopsis tinctoria (Tickseed)
Moderately fast-growing, hummock- Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual with
forming annual with aromatic, feathery, lance-shaped leaves. Large, daisylike,
light green leaves. Has fragrant, bright yellow flower heads with red
daisylike, single, deep yellow flower centers are carried in summer and early
heads, 2in (5cm) wide, in summer and fall. H 24–36in (60–90cm), S 8in (20cm).
early fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
ADH12–1 ADZ4–9 H12–1
Smyrnium perfoliatum Eschscholzia caespitosa Limnanthes douglasii

Slow-growing, upright biennial. Upper Fast-growing, slender, erect annual (Meadow foam, Poached-egg flower)
leaves, rounded and yellow-green, with feathery, bluish-green leaves. Fast-growing, slender, erect annual.
encircle stems that bear heads of Cup-shaped, 4-petaled, yellow flowers, Feathery leaves are glossy, light green;
yellowish-green flowers in summer. 1in (2.5cm) wide, appear in summer slightly fragrant, cup-shaped, white
H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm). and early fall. H and S 6in (15cm). flowers with yellow centers are carried
from early to late summer. H 6in (15cm),
S 4in (10cm).
321
AD Z6–10 H8–1 ADZ8–10 H9–2 AD H9–1
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YELLOW
Ursinia anthemoides
Moderately fast-growing, bushy
annual with feathery, pale green leaves.
Small, daisylike, purple-centered flower
heads with orange-yellow rays, purple
beneath, appear in summer and early
fall. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).
AD H12–6
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Mimulus Magic Series Helianthus annuus ‘Teddy Bear’ Helianthus annuus ‘Music Box’
‘Magic Yellow Blotch’ Fast-growing, compact, hairy-stemmed Fast-growing, free-flowering, many-
Erect, well-branched perennial, grown annual with toothed, roughly hairy branched, hairy-stemmed annual. Bears
as an annual. Fleshy stems bear small, leaves. Produces daisylike, double, daisylike flower heads, 4–5in (10–12cm)
oval, toothed, mid-green leaves and in deep yellow flower heads, to 5in (13cm) across, with ray-florets ranging from
summer bear flared, tubular flowers across, in summer. H 36in (90cm), creamy-yellow to dark red, and black
in bright yellow heavily blotched in S to 24in (60cm). disc-florets, in summer. H 28in (70cm),
red. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). S to 24in (60cm).
BE Z9–10 H10–1 ADt H11–1 ADt H11–1
Xanthophthalmum segetum Calendula officinalis Pacific Beauty Tagetes ‘Naughty Marietta’ Begonia ‘Herzog von Sagan’
Moderately fast-growing, erect annual Series ‘Lemon Queen’ Fast-growing, bushy annual with Upright Tuberhybrida begonia with few
with lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Fast-growing, erect annual with aromatic, deeply cut, deep green side shoots. Double, yellow flowers, 8in
Daisylike, single flower heads, to 3in softly hairy, aromatic leaves. Daisylike, leaves. Heads of daisylike, bicolored (20cm) across, with rough-edged, red
(8cm) wide, in shades of yellow, are double, lemon-yellow flower heads, flowers, deep yellow and maroon, petals, are borne in summer. H 3ft (1m),
carried in summer and early fall. Is with red-brown disc-florets, are borne are carried in summer and early fall. S 1½ft (45cm). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC).
excellent for cut flowers. H 18in (45cm), from summer to fall. H to 18in (45cm), H and S 12in (30cm).
S 12in (30cm). S 12–18in (30–45cm).
322
AD H9–1 AD H6–1 ADt H12–1 BE H11–1
ORANGE
Carthamus tinctorius Tropaeolum majus Alaska Series

Moderately fast-growing, upright Fast-growing, bushy annual with
annual with coarse, spine-edged, linear rounded, variegated leaves. Spurred,
foliage. Produces tufted, thistle-like trumpet-shaped flowers, in shades
flowers, surrounded by stiff green of red or yellow, appear in summer
bracts, in summer. Suitable for drying. and early fall. H and S 12in (30cm).
H and S 12–24in (30–60cm).
AD H11–3 AD Z10–11 H9–1
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Gazania Daybreak Series
‘Daybreak Bright Yellow’
Spreading perennial, grown as an
annual, with narrowly lance-shaped,
dark-green leaves. Daisylike, vivid yellow
flower heads, 3in (7.5cm) across, with
a dark ring round each golden eye, are
borne all summer. H and S 8in (20cm).
AE Z8–10 H10–8
Viola x wittrockiana Lysimachia congestiflora Rudbeckia hirta ‘Marmalade’

Angel Series ‘Tiger Eye’ ‘Outback Sunset’ Moderately fast-growing, erect,
Clump-forming, short-lived perennial, Mat-forming or trailing perennial, grown branching perennial, grown as an
grown as a biennial or annual, with small, as an annual. Lance-shaped, red-tinged, annual, with lance-shaped leaves.
oval, toothed, dark leaves. 5-petaled, dark green leaves, 2in (5cm) long, are In summer–fall bears daisylike, deep
burnished-gold flowers, patterned with irregularly splashed in yellow. Has clusters golden-orange flower heads, 3in (8cm)
chestnut-brown whiskers, are borne in of 5-lobed, trumpet-shaped, yellow flowers wide, with black centers. H 18in (45cm),
spring. H and S 8in (20cm). in summer. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). S 12in (30cm).
323
AE Z8–11 H9–1 AE Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z3–7 H7–1
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ORANGE
Erysimum x allionii ‘Orange Bedder’ Sanvitalia procumbens

Slow-growing, short-lived, evergreen, ‘Mandarin Orange’
bushy perennial, grown as a biennial. Moderately fast-growing, prostrate
Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. annual. Has pointed-oval, mid-green
Heads of scented, 4-petaled, brilliant leaves and daisylike, orange flower
orange flowers appear in spring. heads, 1in (2.5cm) wide, in summer.
H and S 12in (30cm). H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z3–7 H7–1 AD Z5–11 H12–1

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Portulaca Sundial Series ‘Mango’

Spreading, slightly succulent
perennial, grown as an annual, with
lance-shaped, fleshy, red-tinted, dark
green leaves. In summer bears bowl-
shaped, semidouble, peach flowers,
2in (5cm) across. H 8–15in (20–38cm),
S 10–12in (25–30cm).
AE Z9–11 H9–1
Gazania Kiss Series Tagetes Boy Series [orange] Tithonia rotundifolia ‘Torch’
‘Kiss Orange Flame’ Compact annual that bears double, Slow-growing, erect annual with
Spreading perennial, grown as an crested flower heads in a range of rounded, lobed leaves. Has daisylike,
annual, with long, narrowly lance- colors, including shades of golden- bright orange or scarlet flower heads,
shaped, dark green leaves. All summer yellow, yellow, orange or reddish- 2–3in (5–7cm) wide, in summer and
produces daisylike, orange flowers, brown, with deep orange or yellow early fall. H 36in (90cm), S 12in (30cm).
3in (7.5cm) across, with mahogany- crests, in late spring and early summer.
striped petals. H and S 8in (20cm). H to 6in (15cm), S to 12in (30cm).
324
AEZ10–11 H11–1 ADt H12–1 AD Z10–11 H12–1
Rudbeckia hirta ‘Goldilocks’ Abutilon pictum ‘Thompsonii’ Calendula officinalis

Moderately fast-growing, erect, Robust, evergreen, upright shrub with Fiesta Gitana Group
branching perennial, grown as an 3–5-lobed, serrated, rich green, heavily Fast-growing, bushy annual with
annual. Has lance-shaped leaves yellow-mottled leaves. Yellow-orange strongly aromatic, lance-shaped, pale
and daisylike, double or semidouble, flowers with crimson veins are borne green leaves. Daisylike, double flower
golden-orange flower heads, 3in (8cm) from summer to fall. H 15ft (5m), S 6–15ft heads, ranging from cream to orange
across, in summer–fall. H 24in (60cm), (2–5m). Min. 41–5ºF (5–7ºC). in color, are carried from spring to fall.
S 12in (30cm). H and S 12in (30cm).
AD Z3–7 H7–1 AD Z8–10 H11–8 AD H6–1
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Lantana ‘Spreading Sunset’
Evergreen, rounded to spreading shrub
with finely wrinkled, deep green leaves.
Has tiny, tubular flowers in a range of
colors, carried in dense, rounded heads
from spring to fall. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m).
Min. 50–55ºF (10–13ºC).
ADt Z11 H11–1
Zinnia haageana ‘Orange Star’ Impatiens Sunpatiens Series Impatiens Fusion Series
Dwarf, bushy annual with daisylike, SUNPATIENS COMPACT ORANGE FUSION PEACH FROST (‘Balfuspeafro’)
broad-petaled, orange flower heads, (‘Sakimp011’) Evergreen, bushy perennial, grown as an
borne in summer. Is mildew-resistant Mound-forming, well-branched, prolific annual, with elliptical, pale green leaves
and good for groundcover. H to 10in perennial, grown as an annual. Has margined in cream. Tubular, 5-petaled,
(25cm), S to 12in (30cm). flattish, 5-petaled, spurred, thick-petaled, peach-pink flowers, 5⁄8in (1.5cm) across,
vivid orange flowers, 2½in (6cm) across, with orange centers, are borne in summer.
in summer. H and S 24in (60cm). H and S 10–16in (25–40cm).
325
AD H12–1 AEH10–1 BEH10–1
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ORANGE
Calendula officinalis ‘Geisha Girl’ Eschscholzia californica

Fast-growing, bushy annual with Fast-growing, slender, erect annual
strongly aromatic, lance-shaped, pale with feathery, bluish-green leaves.
green leaves. Heads of double, orange Cup-shaped, 4-petalled, vivid orange-
flowers with incurved petals are borne yellow flowers are borne in summer–fall.
from late spring to fall. H 24in (60cm), H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
S 12–24in (30–60cm).
AD H6–1 ADZ11 H9–1

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Tagetes ‘Tangerine Gem’

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
aromatic, feathery leaves. Small, single,
deep orange flower heads appear in
summer and early fall. H 8in (20cm),
S 12in (30cm).
ADt H12–1
Coreopsis ‘Rum Punch’ Erysimum cheiri ‘Fire King’

Bushy, rather spreading, prolific but Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
short-lived perennial, grown as an bushy perennial, grown as a biennial.
annual. Slender stems have divided, dark Lance-shaped leaves are mid- to deep
green leaves and in summer–fall bear green; heads of 4-petaled, reddish-
daisylike, coppery-pink flower heads, orange flowers are carried in spring.
1½in (3.5cm) across. H 18in (45cm), H 15in (38cm), S 12–15in (30–38cm).
S 24in (60cm).
326
AEZ10–11 H10–1 AD Z3–7 H7–1
Emilia coccinea (Tassel flower) Gaillardia pulchella ‘Lollipops’

Moderately fast-growing, upright annual Moderately fast-growing, upright annual
with lance-shaped, grayish-green leaves with lance-shaped, hairy, grayish-green
and double, red or yellow flower heads leaves. Daisylike, double, red-and-yellow
in summer. H 12–24in (30–60cm), flower heads, 2in (5cm) wide, are carried
S 12in (30cm). in summer. H and S 12in (30cm).
AD H9–1 AD Z10–11 H11–1
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Solanum pseudocapsicum Dahlia Dahlietta Series Dahlia ‘Dandy’
‘Red Giant’ ‘Surprise Kelly’ Well-branched, erect, bushy, tuberous
Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, bushy Compact, bushy, well-branched, tuberous perennial, grown as an annual. Has
shrub, usually grown as an annual. Has perennial, grown as an annual. In summer pointed-oval, serrated leaves and heads
lance-shaped, deep green leaves, small, has pointed-oval, toothed leaves and flat of daisylike flowers, with contrasting
white flowers in summer and large, heads of daisylike, golden-yellow flowers, central collars of quilled petals, in shades
round, orange-red fruits in winter. very heavy speckled in dark orange. of red, yellow or orange in summer.
H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 14–16in (35–40cm). H and S 24in (60cm).
ADt Z11–12 H12–6 AD Z9–11 H11–1 AD Z9–11 H11–1
Tropaeolum Jewel Series Eschscholzia californica Solanum pseudocapsicum ‘Balloon’

Fast-growing, bushy annual with Thai Silk Series Evergreen, bushy shrub, grown as an
rounded leaves. Spurred, trumpet- Fast-growing, compact, slender, erect annual. Has lance-shaped leaves and,
shaped flowers, in shades of red, annual with feathery, bluish-green in summer, small, star-shaped, white
yellow or orange, are held well above leaves. In summer–fall, produces flowers. Large, cream fruits turn orange
leaves from early summer to early fall. single or semidouble, fluted, bronze- in winter. H 12in (30cm), S 12–18in
H and S 12in (30cm). tinged flowers in red, pink or orange. (30–45cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
H 8–10in (20–25cm), S 6in (15cm).
327
AD Z11–12 H12–1 AD ADt Z11–12 H12–6
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ROCK PLANTS
Rock plants are prized for their natural charm, foliage forms,
and, in many cases, masses of colorful flowers in spring and
summer. Grow them in areas that mimic the conditions in which
they thrive in the wild, which are usually exposed sites with
stony, rapidly draining soils. As long as they have sharp
drainage and protection from excessive winter moisture, you
can grow rock plants in small gardens in a trough or container,
or where there is more space, in a rock garden or scree bed. If
the soil in your garden is unsuitable, you can also grow these
ground-hugging plants in raised beds to create landscapes in
miniature. Raised beds also have the advantage of bringing
the small plants closer to eye level so that you can admire
their tiny, delicate features in more detail.
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ROCK PLANTS
The delicate flowers and foliage of many rock plants belies their tough SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
nature, withstanding the burning sun and harsh winds typical of their Large Medium Small
alpine habitats. They make excellent plants for the garden, and are over 6in up to 6in
(15cm) (15cm)
perfect for rock and scree gardens, wall crevices, troughs, and pots.
What are rock plants? These adaptations help them survive the Designing with
The term rock plants includes bulbs and drying, high-velocity winds, brilliant, rock plants
mat- and cushion-forming perennials— burning sun, and extreme temperature One of the major attractions of this
many of which are evergreen—as well as fluctuations of their natural habitats. group is their diminutive size, which
dwarf conifers and both evergreen and Most rock plants grow in areas that allows you to grow a huge number of
deciduous shrubs. Some are true alpines have stony soil with rapid drainage, different plant types in a relatively
from mountain regions, while others are which explains why few can cope with wet confined space.
simply compact plants suitable for rock- soil around the roots, which is experienced In a rock garden—as in larger-scale
garden planting schemes. While some at lower altitudes. They also dislike warm, plantings—use small shrubs, such as
alpines have specialized needs, many humid summers. the highly fragrant Daphne cneorum
species and cultivars, including aubrietas In the wild, high-growing species are and D. retusa or the catkin-bearing Salix
and geraniums, are easy to grow and thrive insulated from winter cold by a blanket of bockii and S. apoda, to form the structural
in any well-drained soil and sunny site. snow, beneath which they remain dormant framework of your design. Miniature
True alpines are found at high altitudes at temperatures around 32°F (0°C) until conifers, such as Juniperus communis
above the tree line on mountains, growing spring. Those environments that mimic ‘Compressa’, provide vertical accents
on scree slopes, in short sod, or finding conditions in the wild, such as rock and year-round color, and work well in
protection from the wind by squeezing gardens, scree and gravel beds, troughs, combination with the contrasting forms
into rock crevices. Subalpine plants live pots, raised beds, and open frames, are of rounded or domed plants, such as the

below the tree line on rocky slopes or in therefore ideal for growing rock plants. You evergreen Hebe cupressoides ‘Boughton
high pastures or meadows. Most alpines can grow alpines successfully even in areas Dome’ and Cassiope lycopodioides.
are compact in habit and frequently deep- where the soil is unsuitable by filling raised This structure can then be filled in with
rooting, usually with small leaves that beds, pots, and troughs with free-draining mat- and cushion-forming plants, such as
are leathery, fleshy, or covered in fine hair. soil and horticultural grit. sandworts (Arenaria) or Dianthus deltoides,
ABOVE Mediterranean mountains

Recreate a Mediterranean alpine scene with clay
pots and pebbles decorating beds that include a
range of sedums, saxifrages, thymes, and arabis,
with clipped boxwood balls providing structure.
LEFT Colorful tapestry

Siting a rock garden on a gentle slope assists rapid
drainage, while an open, sunny site is perfect for alpines.
330 Choose plants with contrasting forms, such as teardrop-
shaped, upright conifers and mats of colorful blooms.
PLANTING A GRAVEL OR SCREE GARDEN
Gravel gardens are ideal for alpines and rock plants. Stones can be worked to keep the plant leaves and stems dry and prevents rotting, but lay weed-
into a scheme to create a rock garden, or a variety of rock and stone sizes suppressing fabric over the soil first. This eliminates light and stops weed
used on a slope to form a natural scree. A gravel or slate chip mulch helps seeds from germinating but still allows moisture through to the plant.
1 Lay the fabric

Measure your bed, and buy
sufficient weed-suppressing fabric
2 Plant up
Fold back the flaps, and dig a hole,
putting the excavated soil on a plastic
3 Add gravel mulch
Trim the fabric around the
stems and continue to plant in this
to cover it. Overlap the edges when sheet. Insert the plant, water in, and way. When the bed is planted, spread
joining two pieces together. Cut backfill with soil. Firm in and replace a 2–3in (5–8cm) layer of gravel over
A weed-free gravel garden crosses where you plan to plant. the flaps around the plant stems. the fabric and around each plant.
at the feet of slightly taller, feathery-leaved Year-round interest schemes for a dramatic performance.
pulsatillas or the airy Linum narbonense. Many alpines flower in spring and early Hot colors, such as the bright yellow

As well as shape and form, think about summer, just after the snow melts and sedums and wallflowers (Erysimum) and
contrasting textures. Candidates include before the heat of mid-summer in their scarlet and orange helianthemums, create
the almost beadlike foliage of certain natural habitat. For color earlier in the highlights against more subdued blues and
sedums, spiky houseleek (Sempervivum) year, plant spring bulbs, such as alpine purples. As the summer progresses, select
rosettes, and the pointy-tipped gray leaves narcissus or crocuses, among evergreen later-flowering rock plants, including phlox,
of Euphorbia myrsinites, which would make perennials, conifers, and small shrubs. crepis, and diascias, followed by the pink
eye-catching partners for the white-haired The choice of flowers at the peak flowering Silene schafta, gentians, and berry-bearing
leaves of edelweiss (Leontopodium) or the times is vast, so coordinate your color gaultherias in the fall.
silky, silver leaves of celmisias.
Most alpines like an open sunny site PLANTING A SLATE-FILLED TROUGH
and will not thrive if they are shaded by
Topped with slate chips, this decorative trough
overhanging trees or neighboring plants.
Plant them with space to spread, and use mirrors a natural mountain scree, and provides 1 Prepare the trough
Cover the drainage holes at the base of the
trough with crocks. Add a 2in (5cm) layer of gravel.
a dry mulch, such as gravel, to keep the a long season of color in spring and summer.
Fill up the trough with equal parts of soil-based
stems and leaves dry at all times. Mulches Plants included in this display are Draba
potting mix and sand, to 2in (5cm) from the top.
also act as a foil for the plants. species, erigerons, saxifrages, Silene acaulis
and Townsendia grandiflora. However, any
If you have limited space, plant a
selection of alpines in small pots filled with small alpines that have different leaf textures 2 Add slates and plants
Push the slate chips vertically into the medium,
leaving spaces for the alpines. Water the plants, and
gritty potting mix. Many plants in this and flower colors will work equally well. Move
plant them into the gaps, making sure the roots are
group are drought-tolerant and thrive in your trough to its final position before you start,
covered with the sand and soil mix. Water well.
containers, and when grouped together as it will be very heavy once planted.
make colorful displays. Troughs can be
given a modern makeover by planting
alpines between slate chips (see box right),
or using a ground glass or shell mulch.
Raised beds offer another design option
for those with small gardens. They are also
useful for people with reduced mobility,
allowing them to access the plants more
easily. Use raised beds to create miniature
landscapes with plants spreading between
rocks and pebbles. Dry-stone walls offer
ideal sites for many crevice-lovers, such
as aubretias and sedums, while cascading
alpines, such as Saxifraga ‘Tumbling 331
Waters’, are perfect for the tops of walls.
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WHITE
Leontopodium alpinum (Edelweiss) Lithophragma parviflorum

Short-lived perennial with lance-shaped, Clump-forming, tuberous perennial that
woolly leaves. Small, silvery-white has small, open clusters of campion-like,
flower heads, in spring or early summer, white or pink flowers in spring above a
are surrounded by petal-like, felted basal cluster of deeply toothed, kidney-
bracts in a star shape. Dislikes wet. shaped leaves. Lies dormant in summer.
H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). H 6–8in (15–20cm), S to 8in (20cm).
AD Z4–6 H6–1 BE Z4–6 H6–1

Iberis sempervirens Pulsatilla alpina (Alpine anemone) Saxifraga granulata (Fair maids
Evergreen, spreading subshrub, with Tufted perennial with feathery leaves. of France, Meadow saxifrage)
narrow, oblong, dark green leaves, Has upright, or nodding, cup-shaped, Clump-forming perennial that loses
bearing dense, rounded heads of white white, sometimes blue- or pink-flushed its kidney-shaped, crumpled, glossy
flowers in late spring and early summer. flowers singly in spring and early leaves in summer. Sticky stems carry
Trim after flowering. H 6–12in (15–30cm), summer, then feathery seed heads. loose panicles of rounded, white flowers
S 18–24in (45–60cm). H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to 4in (10cm). in late spring. H 9–15in (23–38cm),
S to 6in (15cm) or more.
AD Z5–9 H9–3 ADt Z5–7 H7–5 BE Z7–8 H8–7
Rhodanthemum hosmariense Andromeda polifolia ‘Alba’ Cassiope ‘Muirhead’ Cassiope tetragona

Evergreen, shrubby perennial with Evergreen, open, twiggy shrub Evergreen, loose, bushy shrub Evergreen, upright shrub with dense,
finely cut, bright silvery-green leaves bearing terminal clusters of pitcher- with scalelike, dark green leaves scalelike, dark green leaves concealing
that clothe lax, woody stems. From shaped, white flowers in spring and on upright branches. In spring, branched stems. In spring, leaf axils
late spring to early fall, white flower early summer. Glossy, dark green these bear tiny, virtually stemless, bear solitary pendent, bell-shaped,
heads are borne singly above foliage. leaves are leathery and lance-shaped. bell-shaped, white flowers along white flowers in red calyces. H 4–10in
H 6in (15cm) or more, S 12in (30cm). H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). their length. H and S 8in (20cm). (10–25cm ), S 4–6in (10–15cm ).
332
AD Z9–11 H11–7 AEM Z2–6 H6–1 BEMZ2–6 H6–1 BEM Z2–7 H7–1
PINK
Jeffersonia diphylla Saxifraga ‘Tumbling Waters’ Andromeda polifolia ‘Compacta’ Daphne cneorum
Slow-growing, tufted perennial with Slow-growing, evergreen, mat-forming Evergreen, compact, twiggy shrub Evergreen, low-growing shrub with
distinctive, 2-lobed, light to mid-green perennial with a tight rosette of narrow, that bears delicate, terminal clusters of trailing branches clothed in small, oval,
leaves. Bears solitary cup-shaped, white lime-encrusted leaves. After several pitcher-shaped, coral-pink flowers, with leathery, dark green leaves. Fragrant,
flowers with prominent, yellow stamens years produces arching sprays of white white undertones, in spring and early deep rose pink flowers are borne in
in late spring. Do not disturb roots. flowers in conical heads; main rosette summer. Leaves are lance-shaped and terminal clusters in late spring. Prefers
H 6–9in (15–23cm), S to 9in (23cm). then dies but small offsets survive. glossy, dark green. H 6–9in (15–23cm), rich soil. H 9in (23cm), S to 6ft (2m).
H to 24in (60cm), S to 8in (20cm). S 12in (30cm).
CE Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z6–7 H7–6 AEM Z2–6 H6–1 ADt Z5–7 H7–5

Daphne blagayana Daphne alpina Dodecatheon hendersonii
Evergreen, prostrate shrub with Compact and upright deciduous shrub Clump-forming perennial with a flat
trailing branches each bearing a with softly hairy, oval, gray-green leaves. rosette of kidney-shaped leaves, above
terminal cluster of oval, leathery leaves In late spring produces terminal clusters which deep pink flowers with reflexed
and, in early spring, dense clusters of small, white flowers that are sweetly petals appear in late spring. Needs a dry,
of fragrant, tubular, white flowers. scented. These are followed by spherical, dormant summer period. H 12in (30cm),
Likes rich soil. H 12–16in (30–40cm), orange-red fruits. H and S to 24in (60cm). S 3in (8cm).
S 24–32in (60–80cm) or more.
BDt Z7–9 H9–7 BEt Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z5–7 H7–5
Tiarella cordifolia (Foamflower) Dodecatheon meadia f. album Phyllodoce x intermedia Dodecatheon pulchellum ‘Red Wings’
Vigorous, evergreen, spreading Clump-forming perennial with basal ‘Drummondii’ Clump-forming perennial with a
perennial. Lobed, pale green leaves rosettes of oval, pale green leaves. Evergreen, bushy, dwarf shrub with basal cluster of oblong, soft, pale green
sometimes have darker marks; veins In spring, strong stems bear several narrow, heather-like, glossy leaves. leaves. In late spring and early summer
turn bronze-red in winter. Bears many white flowers with dark centers and From late spring to early summer bears small, loose clusters of deep
spikes of profuse white flowers in late reflexed petals. Lies dormant in summer. bears terminal clusters of pitcher- magenta flowers, with reflexed petals,
spring and early summer. H 6–8in H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). shaped, rich pink flowers on slender, on strong stems. Lies dormant in
(15–20cm), S to 12in (30cm) or more. red stalks. H and S 9in (23cm). summer. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm).
333
BD Z3–8 H7–1 BE Z4–8 H8–1 BEM Z3–7 H7–1 BE Z4–7 H8–2
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PINK PURPLE BLUE
Phyllodoce empetriformis Pulsatilla halleri

Evergreen, mat-forming shrub with fine Tufted perennial, intensely hairy in
narrow, heather-like leaves and terminal all parts, that in spring bears nodding,
clusters of bell-shaped, purplish-pink later erect, cup-shaped flowers in shades
flowers in late spring and early summer. of purple. Has feathery leaves and seed
H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 8in (20cm). heads. H 6–15in (15–38cm), S 6–8in
(15–20cm).
BEM Z3–6 H6–1 ADt Z5–7 H7–5

Phyllodoce caerulea Pulsatilla vulgaris (Pasque flower) Aquilegia alpina (Alpine columbine)
Evergreen, dwarf shrub with fine, Tufted perennial with feathery, light Short-lived, upright perennial with
narrow, heather-like leaves. Bears bell- green leaves. In spring bears nodding, spurred, clear blue or violet-blue flowers
shaped, purple to purplish-pink flowers, cup-shaped flowers, in shades of on slender stems in spring and early
singly or in clusters, in late spring and purple, red, pink or white, with bright summer. Has basal rosettes of rounded,
summer. H and S to 12in (30cm). yellow centers. Flower stems rapidly finely divided leaves. Needs rich soil.
elongate as feathery seeds mature. H to 18in (45cm), S to 12in (30cm).
H and S 6–9in (15–23cm).
BEM Z2–5 H5–1 ADt Z5–7 H7–5 ADt Z4–7 H7–1
Daphne x hendersonii Erinacea anthyllis (Hedgehog broom) Omphalodes verna Omphalodes cappadocica
‘Blackthorn Rose’ Slow-growing, evergreen subshrub Semievergreen, clump-forming Spreading perennial with creeping
Evergreen, domed shrub with glossy, with hard, blue-green spines. Pealike, perennial that in spring bears long, underground stems and many loose
dark green leaves, to 1in (2.5cm) long. soft lavender flowers appear in axils of loose sprays of flat, bright blue flowers sprays of flat, bright blue flowers in
In spring produces numerous, rounded spines in late spring to early summer. with white eyes. Leaves are oval and spring–summer above tufts of oval,
deep reddish-purple buds that open to H and S 6–10in (15–25cm). mid-green. H and S 8in (20cm) or more. hairy, basal leaves. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
very fragrant, pink flowers with spreading S 10in (25cm) or more.
lobes. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 18in (45cm).
334
ADtZ3–7 H7–3 AD Z7–8 H8–7 CE Z6–9 H9–6 BE Z6–8 H8–6
YELLOW
Betula nana (Arctic birch) Chiastophyllum oppositifolium Hylomecon japonica

Deciduous, bushy, dwarf shrub with Evergreen, trailing perennial with large, Vigorous, spreading perennial with
small, toothed leaves that turn bright oblong, serrated, succulent leaves. In large, cup-shaped, bright yellow
yellow in fall. Has tiny, yellowish- late spring and early summer bears flowers that are borne singly on slender
brown catkins in spring. H 12in (30cm), many tiny, yellow flowers in arching stems in spring. Soft, dark green leaves
S 18in (45cm). sprays. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 6in (15cm). are divided into 4 unequal lobes.
H to 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).
AEM Z2–5 H5–1 CD Z6–9 H9–6 BE Z5–8 H8–5

Corydalis cheilanthifolia Aurinia saxatilis ‘Citrina’ Cytisus x beanii Erysimum ‘Moonlight’
Evergreen perennial with fleshy roots. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Deciduous, low-growing shrub Mat-forming, evergreen perennial with
Produces spreading rosettes of fernlike, with oval, hairy, gray-green leaves. Bears with arching sprays of pealike, golden- narrowly oval leaves. In early summer,
near-prostrate, sometimes bronze-tinted, racemes of many, small, pale lemon- yellow flowers that appear in late spring produces clusters of pale, sulfur-yellow
mid-green leaves. Has dense spikes of yellow flowers in late spring and early and early summer on previous year’s flowers on short, leafy stems. Prefers an
short-spurred, yellow flowers in late summer. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm). wood. Leaves, divided into 3 leaflets, open site and gritty soil. H 10in (25cm),
spring and early summer. H 8–12in are small, linear and hairy. H 6–16in S 18in (45cm).
(20–30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). (15–40cm), S 12–30in (30–75cm).
AD Z5–7 H7–3 AD Z4–8 H8–1 ADt Z7–8 H8–7 AD Z6–8 H8–6
Salix helvetica Corydalis wilsonii Aurinia saxatilis ‘Variegata’ Aurinia saxatilis (Gold dust)
Deciduous, spreading, much-branched, Evergreen perennial with a fleshy Evergreen perennial that bears Evergreen perennial forming low
dwarf shrub that has small, oval, rootstock. Forms rosettes of near- racemes of many small, yellow flowers clumps of oval, hairy, gray-green
glossy leaves, white-haired beneath. prostrate, divided, bluish-green leaves. in spring above a mat of large, oval, soft leaves. Has substantial spikes of
In spring bears short-stalked, silky, Loose racemes of spurred, green-tipped, gray-green leaves with cream margins. small, chrome-yellow flowers in
gray, then yellow catkins. H 24in (60cm), yellow flowers are produced in spring. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm). spring.H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 12in (30cm). H and S 4–10in (10–25cm).
335
AE Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z6–7 H7–6 AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1
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SPRING SUMMER
YELLOW WHITE
Erysimum ‘Bredon’ Parnassia palustris

Semievergreen, rounded, woody (Grass of Parnassus)
perennial clothed in oval, dark green Perennial with low, basal tufts of heart-
leaves. In late spring bears dense spikes shaped, pale to mid-green leaves. Bears
of flat, bright mustard-yellow flowers. saucer-shaped, white flowers, with dark
H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18in (45cm). green or purplish-green veins, on erect
stems in late spring and early summer.
H 8in (20cm), S 2½in (6cm) or more.
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AF Z4–11 H11–1

Erysimum x kewense ‘Harpur Crewe’ Celmisia walkeri

Evergreen, shrubby perennial with Evergreen, loose, spreading perennial
stiff stems and narrow leaves. Fragrant, with long, oval or lance-shaped leaves,
double, deep yellow flowers open glossy, green above and hairy, white
in succession from late spring to beneath. Has large, daisylike, white
mid-summer. Grows best in poor soil flower heads in summer. H 9in (23cm),
and a sheltered site. H and S 12in (30cm). S to 6ft (2m ).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AEM Z9–10 H10–9
Berberis x stenophylla Armeria pseudarmeria Helianthemum apenninum Galax urceolata

‘Corallina Compacta’ Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Evergreen, spreading, much-branched Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
Evergreen, neat, dwarf shrub with with large, spherical heads of white shrub that bears saucer-shaped, pure Large, round, leathery, mid-green
spiny stems clothed in small, narrowly flowers occasionally suffused pink; white flowers in mid-summer. Stems leaves on slender stems turn bronze
oval leaves. In late spring bears many these are borne in summer on stiff and small, linear leaves are covered in fall-winter. Has dense spikes of
tiny, bright orange flowers. Is slow- stems above long, narrow, glaucous in white down. H and S 18in (45cm). small, white flowers in late spring
growing and difficult to propagate. leaves. H and S 12in (30cm). and early summer. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
H and S to 10in (25cm). S to 12in (30cm).
336
ADt Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z6–7 H7–6 AD Z6–8 H8–5 CEM Z5–8 H8–5
Helianthemum ‘Wisley White’ Chamaecytisus purpureus f. albus Hebe pinguifolia ‘Pagei’

Evergreen, spreading shrub, with Deciduous, low-growing shrub with Evergreen, semi-prostrate shrub with
oblong, gray-green leaves, bearing semi-erect stems clothed in leaves, small, oblong, slightly cupped, intensely
saucer-shaped, white flowers for a divided into 3 leaflets. A profusion of glaucous leaves. Bears short spikes of
long period in summer. H 9in (23cm), pealike, white flowers appear in early small, white flowers in late spring or
S 12in (30cm) or more. summer on previous year’s wood. early summer. Is excellent for ground
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). or rock cover. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
S 24in (60cm).
AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z8–10 H10–8

Saxifraga cuneifolia Hebe vernicosa
Evergreen, carpeting perennial with Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub with
neat rosettes of rounded leaves. In late small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves
spring and early summer bears panicles densely packed on stems. In early and
of tiny, white flowers, frequently with mid-summer, spikes of small, 4-lobed,
yellow, pink or red spots, on slender white flowers are freely produced.
stems. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 12in (30cm) H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m).
or more.
BE Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z9–10 H10–9
Diascia ICE CRACKER (‘Hecrack’) Saxifraga callosa Corydalis ochroleuca

Mat-forming perennial with narrowly Evergreen, tightly rosetted perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
ovate, mid to dark green leaves. From with long, linear, stiff, lime-encrusted with fleshy, fibrous roots and much
summer to fall produces upright leaves and, in early summer, upright, divided, basal, gray-green leaves. Bears
racemes of 2-lipped, hooded, shallowly then arching panicles of star-shaped, slender, yellow-tipped, creamy-white
bell-shaped, spurred, white flowers, red-spotted white flowers. Rosettes flowers in late spring and summer.
touched pink at the base. H 12in (30cm), die after flowering. Suits a rock pocket. H and S 8–12in (20–30cm).
S 6–8in (5–20cm). H 10in (25cm), S to 8in (20cm).
337
ADZ8–9 H9–7 AD Z7–8 H8–7 AD Z6–8 H8–6
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SUMMER
PINK
Aethionema grandiflorum Rhodothamnus chamaecistus Phuopsis stylosa Lewisia ‘George Henley’

(Persian stone cress) Evergreen, low-growing, dwarf shrub Low-growing perennial with whorls Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
Short-lived, evergreen or semievergreen, with narrow, oval leaves, edged with of pungent, pale green leaves and with rosettes of narrow, fleshy, dark
lax shrub. Bears tiny, pale to deep bristles. In late spring and early summer rounded heads of small, tubular, pink green leaves. Bears dense sprays of
rose-pink flowers in loose sprays in bears cup-shaped, rose- to lilac-pink flowers in summer. Is good grown open cup-shaped, deep pink flowers,
spring-summer. Blue-green leaves flowers, with dark stamens, in leaf axils. over a bank or large rock. H 12in (30cm), with magenta veins, from late spring
are narrow and lance-shaped. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S to 10in (25cm). S 12in (30cm) or more. to late summer. H 6in (15cm) or more,
H 12in (30cm), S 9in (23cm). S 4in (10cm).
AD Z5–7 H9–7 ADM Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z5–8 H8–5 BDM Z7–9 H9–6

Saxifraga ‘Southside Seedling’ Helianthemum ‘Rhodanthe Carneum’

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial, Evergreen, lax shrub with saucer-
with large, pale green rosettes of leaves, shaped, soft, pale pink flowers with
dying after flowering. In late spring orange centers borne for a long period
and early summer bears arching in summer. Has oblong, gray-green
panicles of open cup-shaped, white leaves. H and S 12in (30cm) or more.
flowers, strongly red-banded within.
H to 12in (30cm), S to 8in (20cm).
AD Z4–6 H6–1 AD Z6–8 H8–6
Onosma alborosea Anthyllis montana Oxalis tetraphylla

Semievergreen, clump-forming Rounded, bushy or somewhat spreading Tuft-forming, tuberous perennial
perennial covered in fine hairs, perennial with loose branches and finely with brown-marked, basal leaves,
which may irritate skin. Clusters cut foliage. Heads of clover-like, pale usually divided into 4 leaflets. Produces
of long, pendent, tubular flowers, pink flowers with red markings are loose sprays of widely funnel-shaped,
borne for a long period in summer, borne in late spring and early summer. deep pink flowers in late spring and
open white and then turn pink. H and S 12in (30cm). summer. Needs a sheltered site.
H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 8in (20cm). H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
338
AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z8–9 H9–8
Diascia rigescens
Trailing perennial with semi-erect
stems covered in heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Spurred, flat-faced,
salmon-pink flowers are borne along
stem length in summer and early fall.
H 9in (23cm), S to 12in (30cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–6

Origanum ‘Kent Beauty’ Crassula sarcocaulis Geranium orientalitibeticum
Prostrate perennial with trailing stems Evergreen or, in severe climates, Perennial spreading by tuberous,
clothed in aromatic, rounded-oval semievergreen, bushy subshrub underground runners. Has cup-shaped,
leaves. In summer bears short spikes with tiny, oval, succulent leaves. pink flowers, with white centers, in
of tubular, pale pink flowers with darker Bears terminal clusters of tiny, red summer. Leaves are deeply cut and
bracts. Is suitable for a wall or ledge. buds opening to pale pink flowers marbled in shades of green. May be
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 12in (30cm). in summer. H and S 12in (30cm). invasive. H in flower 6–10in (15–25cm),
S indefinite.
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD H9–1 AD Z5–7 H8–5
Astilbe x crispa ‘Perkeo’ Diascia barberae ‘Fisher’s Flora’ Ononis fruticosa (Shrubby restharrow) Dianthus carthusianorum
Erect, compact perennial bearing Prostrate perennial with stems clothed Deciduous shrub that in summer Evergreen perennial carrying rounded,
small plumes of tiny, salmon-pink in heart-shaped, pale green leaves. Bears bears pendent clusters of large, pealike, upward-facing, cherry-red or deep pink
flowers from mid- to late summer terminal clusters of spurred, flat-faced, purplish-pink blooms with darker flowers on slender stems in summer
on fine stems. Has stiff, deeply cut, bright pink flowers in summer and early streaks. Leaves are divided into 3 above small tufts of grasslike leaves.
crinkled leaves. H 6–8in (15–20cm), fall. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). serrated leaflets, which are hairy when H 8in (20cm), S 3in (7cm).
S 4in (10cm). young. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm).
339
BE Z4–9 H8–2 AD Z8–9 H9–8 AD Z7–10 H10–7 AD Z5–9 H9–5
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SUMMER
PINK RED
Lewisia Cotyledon Hybrids Delphinium nudicaule Zauschneria californica ‘Dublin’

Evergreen, clump-forming perennials Short-lived, upright perennial with Clump-forming, woody-based perennial
with rosettes of large, thick, toothed erect stems bearing deeply divided, with lance-shaped, gray-green leaves.
leaves. In early summer bear clusters basal leaves and, in summer, spikes From late summer to early fall bears
of flowers, in various shades of pink of hooded, red or occasionally yellow terminal clusters of tubular, deep
to purple, on erect stems. Is good for flowers, with contrasting stamens. orange-scarlet flowers. H 12in (30cm),
a rock crevice or an alpine house. H 8in (20cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). S 18in (45cm).
BDM Z5–8 H8–1 ADt Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z8–11 H12–8

Penstemon newberryi f. humilior Origanum laevigatum Penstemon pinifolius Punica granatum var. nana
Evergreen, mat-forming shrub with Deciduous, mat-forming subshrub Evergreen, bushy shrub with (Dwarf pomegranate)
arching branches clothed in small, with small, aromatic, dark green leaves, branched stems clothed in fine, Slow-growing, deciduous, rounded
leathery, dark green leaves. Bears branching, red stems and a profusion dark green leaves. In summer, very shrub that, in summer, bears funnel-
short sprays of tubular, lipped, of tiny, tubular, cerise-pink flowers, narrow, tubular, orange-red flowers shaped, red flowers with somewhat
cherry-red to deep pink flowers surrounded by red-purple bracts, are borne in loose, terminal spikes. crumpled petals, followed by small,
in early summer. H 6–8in (15–20cm), in summer. H 9–12in (23–30cm), H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 6in (15cm). rounded, orange-red fruits.
S 12in (30cm). S 8in (20cm) or more. H and S 12–36in (30–90cm).
Geranium sanguineum Erigeron alpinus (Alpine fleabane) Helianthemum ‘Fire Dragon’

(Bloody cranesbill) Clump-forming perennial of variable Evergreen, spreading shrub with
Hummock-forming, spreading perennial size that bears daisylike, lilac-pink flower saucer-shaped, orange-scarlet
with many cup-shaped, deep magenta- heads on erect stems in summer. Leaves flowers in late spring and summer.
pink flowers borne in summer above are long, oval and hairy. Suits a sunny Leaves are linear and gray-green.
round, deeply divided, dark green border, bank or large rock garden. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 18in (45cm).
leaves. Makes good groundcover. H 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm).
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AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z6–8 H8–6
PURPLE
Cortusa matthioli Erodium cheilanthifolium Scabiosa lucida Semiaquilegia ecalcarata

Clump-forming perennial with a basal Compact, mound-forming perennial Clump-forming perennial with tufts of Short-lived, upright perennial with
rosette of rounded, dull green leaves with pink flowers, veined and marked oval leaves and rounded heads of pale narrow, lobed leaves. In summer
and, in late spring and early summer, with purple-red, borne on stiff stems lilac to deep mauve flowers, borne on each slender stem bears several
one-sided racemes of small, pendent, in late spring and summer. Grayish- erect stems in summer. H 8in (20cm), pendent, open bell-shaped, dusky-pink
bell-shaped, reddish- or pinkish-purple green leaves are crinkled and deeply cut. S 6in (15cm). to purple flowers, with no spurs.
flowers. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in (10cm). H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. H 8in (20cm), S 3in (7cm).
CE Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1 AD Z6–8 H8–6

Penstemon serrulatus Phlox divaricata subsp. laphamii
Semievergreen subshrub, deciduous ‘Chattahoochee’
in severe climates, that has small, elliptic, Short-lived, clump-forming perennial
dark green leaves and tubular, blue to that has saucer-shaped, red-eyed,
purple flowers borne in loose spikes bright lavender flowers throughout
in summer. Soil should not be too dry. summer–fall. Narrow, pointed leaves
H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). are dark reddish-purple when young.
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1
Calceolaria arachnoidea Wulfenia amherstiana Phlox divaricata subsp. laphamii

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Evergreen perennial with rosettes Semievergreen, creeping perennial
with a basal rosette of wrinkled leaves, of narrowly spoon-shaped, toothed with oval leaves and upright stems
covered in white down. Upright stems leaves. Erect stems bear loose clusters bearing loose clusters of saucer-shaped,
carry spikes of many pouch-shaped, of small, tubular, purple or pinkish- pale to deep violet-blue flowers in
dull purple flowers in summer. Is best purple flowers in summer. H 6–12in summer. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).
treated as a biennial. H 10in (25cm), (15–30cm), S to 12in (30cm).
S 5in (12cm).
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LARGE
SUMMER
PURPLE BLUE
Campanula barbata Linum perenne

(Bearded bellflower) Upright perennial with slender
Evergreen perennial with a basal stems, clothed in grasslike leaves,
rosette of oval, hairy, gray-green leaves. that bear terminal clusters of open
In summer bears one-sided racemes funnel-shaped, clear blue flowers
of bell-shaped, white to lavender-blue in succession throughout summer.
flowers. Is short-lived but sets seed H 12in (30cm), S to 6in (15cm).
freely. H 8in (20cm), S 5in (12cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z7–9 H9–7

Parahebe catarractae Convolvulus sabatius Phyteuma scheuchzeri

Evergreen subshrub with oval, toothed, Trailing perennial with slender stems Tufted perennial with narrow, dark
mid-green leaves and, in summer, loose clothed in small, oval leaves and open green leaves and terminal heads of spiky,
sprays of small, open funnel-shaped, trumpet-shaped, vibrant blue-purple blue flowers that are borne in summer.
white flowers, heavily zoned and veined flowers in summer and early fall. Seeds freely; dislikes winter wet.
pinkish-purple. H and S 12in (30cm). Shelter in a rock crevice in a cold site. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z9–10 H10–9 AD Z7–9 H9–7 ADZ5–8 H8–5
Sisyrinchium ‘E.K. Balls’ Campanula wanneri Lithodora oleifolia Moltkia suffruticosa

Clump-forming, variable perennial Clump-forming perennial with Evergreen shrub with oval, pointed, Deciduous, upright subshrub. In
with fans of narrowly sword-shaped, branching stems and hairy, oval silky, mid-green leaves. Curving stems summer bears clusters of funnel-
upright, mid-green leaves. In summer leaves. In summer bears pendent, carry loose sprays of several small, shaped, bright blue flowers, pink
produces a succession of many bell-shaped, blue to violet-blue funnel-shaped, light blue flowers in bud, on hairy stems. Leaves are
star-shaped, bluish-mauve flowers. flowers in loose, terminal spikes. in early summer. H 6–8in (15–20cm), long, pointed and hairy. H 6–16in
H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 10in (25cm). S to 3ft (1m). (15–40cm), S 12in (30cm).
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YELLOW
Veronica prostrata ‘Trehane’ Erodium chrysanthum

Dense, mat-forming perennial bearing Mound-forming perennial, grown
upright spikes of small, saucer-shaped, for its dense, silvery stems and finely
deep violet-blue flowers in early summer cut, fernlike leaves. Has small sprays
above narrow, toothed, yellow or of cup-shaped, sulfur- or creamy-yellow
yellowish-green leaves. H in flower 6–8in flowers in late spring and summer.
(15–20cm), S indefinite. H and S 9in (23cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z7–8 H8–7

Veronica prostrata Veronica austriaca Hypericum olympicum
(Prostrate speedwell) subsp. teucrium ‘Kapitan’ f. uniflorum ‘Citrinum’
Dense, mat-forming perennial that has Dense, mat-forming perennial Deciduous, dense, rounded subshrub
upright spikes of small, saucer-shaped, bearing erect spikes of small, with tufts of upright stems, clothed
brilliant blue flowers in early summer. saucer-shaped, bright deep blue in small, oval, gray-green leaves.
Foliage is narrow, oval and toothed. flowers in early summer. Foliage Bears terminal clusters of lemon-
H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite. is narrow, oval and toothed. yellow flowers throughout summer.
H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite. H and S 6–12in (15–30cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z4–8 H8–3 AD Z6–8 H8–6
Lithodora diffusa ‘Heavenly Blue’ Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium Verbascum ‘Letitia’

Evergreen, prostrate shrub with trailing Spreading perennial with narrow spikes Evergreen, stiff-branched shrub with
stems bearing pointed, oblong, hairy of small, flat, outward-facing, bright toothed, gray leaves. Bears outward-
leaves and, in summer, many open blue flowers in summer. Leaves are facing, 5-lobed, bright yellow flowers
funnel-shaped, deep blue flowers in leaf small, divided, hairy and grayish-green. with orange centers continuously
axils. Trim stems hard after flowering. H and S 10–24in (25–60cm). from late spring to mid-fall. Hates
H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to 18in (45cm). winter wet; is good in an alpine house.
H and S to 10in (25cm).
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ADM Z8–11 H11–10 AD Z4–8 H8–3 AD Z5–9 H9–5
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LARGE
SUMMER
YELLOW
Corydalis lutea
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with fleshy, fibrous roots, semierect,
basal, gray-green leaves. Bears racemes
of slender, yellow flowers, with short
spurs, in late spring and summer.
H and S 8–12in (20–30cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–4

Linum arboreum Euryops acraeus Chrysogonum virginianum

Evergreen, compact shrub with Evergreen, dome-shaped shrub with Mat-forming perennial with daisylike,
blue-green leaves. In summer has stems clothed in toothed, silvery-blue yellow flower heads borne on short
a succession of funnel-shaped, bright leaves. Bears solitary daisylike, bright stems in summer–fall and oval, toothed,
yellow flowers opening in sunny yellow flower heads in late spring and mid-green leaves. Although plant
weather and borne in terminal clusters. early summer. H and S 12in (30cm). spreads by underground runners,
H to 12in (30cm), S 12in (30cm). it is not invasive. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
S 4–6in (10–15cm) or more.
AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z8–11 H11–9 BE Z5–9 H9–2
Helianthemum ‘Wisley Primrose’ Othonna cheirifolia Eriogonum umbellatum

Fast-growing, evergreen, compact Evergreen shrub with narrow, Evergreen, prostrate to upright
shrub with saucer-shaped, soft pale somewhat fleshy, gray leaves. In early perennial with mats of green leaves,
yellow flowers in summer. Has oblong, summer bears daisylike, yellow flower white and woolly beneath. In summer
gray-green leaves. H 9in (23cm), heads singly on upright stems. Needs carries heads of tiny, yellow flowers
S 12in (30cm) or more. a warm, sheltered site. H 8–12in that later turn copper. Dwarf forms
(20–30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. are available. H 3–12in (8–30cm),
S 6–12in (15–30cm).
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AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z8–9 H9–8 AD Z3–8 H8–1
ORANGE
Genista lydia Diascia ‘Salmon Supreme’

Deciduous, domed shrub with slender, Mat-forming perennial with heart-
arching branches and blue-green leaves. shaped leaves. Dense spikes of pretty,
Massed terminal clusters of pealike, pale-apricot flowers with very small,
bright yellow flowers appear in late deeply concave “windows” are
spring and early summer. Will trail produced over a long period, from
over a large rock or wall. H 18–24in summer through to fall. H 6in (15cm),
(45–60cm), S 24in (60cm) or more. S to 20in (50cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–3 AD Z8–9 H9–8

Verbascum dumulosum Helianthemum ‘Ben More’
Evergreen, mat-forming, shrubby Evergreen, spreading, twiggy shrub
perennial with hairy, gray or gray-green that bears a succession of saucer-
leaves. In late spring and early summer shaped, reddish-orange flowers in
bears a succession of 5-lobed, bright loose, terminal clusters in late spring
yellow flowers in short racemes. Dislikes and summer. Has small, glossy,
winter wet. H 6in (15cm) or more, dark green leaves. H 9–12in (23–30cm),
S 9–12in (23–30cm) or more. S 12in (30cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 ADZ6–8 H8–6
Ranunculus gramineus Sedum rupestre (Reflexed stonecrop) Ononis natrix Crepis aurea
Erect, slender perennial with grasslike, Evergreen perennial with loose mats (Large yellow restharrow) Clump-forming perennial with a basal
blue-green leaves. Bears several cup- of rooting stems bearing narrow, Deciduous, compact, erect shrub cluster of oblong, light green leaves.
shaped, bright yellow flowers in late fleshy leaves. Carries flat, terminal with pealike, red-streaked, yellow In summer produces dandelion-like,
spring and early summer. Prefers heads of tiny, bright yellow flowers flowers in pendent clusters in summer. orange flower heads, singly, on stems
rich soil. Seedlings will vary in height in summer. Makes good groundcover. Hairy leaves are divided into 3 leaflets. covered with black and white hairs.
and flower size. H 16–20in (40–50cm), H 6–8in (15–20cm), S indefinite. H and S 12in (30cm) or more. H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 6in (15cm).
S 3–4in (8–10cm).
345
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 ADt Z6–9 H9–6 ADZ7–9 H9–6 AD Z5–7 H7–4
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LARGE
FALL WINTER
PINK BLUE WHITE SILVER
Sorbus reducta Gaultheria cuneata

Deciduous shrub forming a low Evergreen, compact shrub with stiff
thicket of upright branches. Small, stems clothed in leathery, oval leaves.
gray-green leaves, divided into leaflets, In summer bears nodding, urn-
turn bronze-red in late fall. In early shaped, white flowers, in leaf axils,
summer bears loose clusters of flat, followed by white berries in fall.
white flowers, followed by pink berries. H and S 12in (30cm).
H and S to 12in (30cm) or more.
ADt Z5–8 H8–4 BEMt Z4–7 H7–1

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Ranunculus calandrinioides Tanacetum argenteum

Bushy perennial that bears small, Clump-forming perennial that loses Mat-forming perennial, usually
terminal clusters of single, brilliant its long, oval, blue-green leaves in evergreen, grown for its finely cut,
blue flowers on reddish, branched summer; in a reasonable winter will bright silver leaves. Has a profusion of
stems in late summer and fall. bear a succession of cup-shaped, small, daisylike, white flower heads in
Oval leaves turn rich red in fall. pink-flushed, white flowers for many summer. H in flower 6–9in (15–23cm),
H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). weeks. Needs very sharp drainage. S 8in (20cm).
H and S to 8in (20cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–4 ADt Z7–8 H8–7 ADt Z5–7 H7–5
Silene schafta Gentiana septemfida Leucopogon colensoi Celmisia semicordata

Spreading perennial with tufts of Evergreen perennial with many upright, Evergreen, low-growing shrub with Evergreen perennial with swordlike,
narrow, oval leaves. Bears sprays then arching stems clothed with oval stiff stems clothed in tiny, gray-green silver leaves in large clumps and,
of 5-petaled, rose-magenta flowers leaves. Bears heads of trumpet-shaped, leaves. Bears clusters of small, tubular, in summer, daisylike, white flower
from late summer to late fall. mid-blue flowers in summer–fall. white flowers in spring at the ends of heads borne singly on hairy stems.
H 10in (25cm), S 12in (30cm). Likes rich soil but tolerates reasonably new growth. Red or white berries in H and S 12in (30cm).
drained, heavy clay. H 6–8in (15–20cm), late summer are rare in cultivation.
S 12in (30cm). H and S 12in (30cm).
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AD Z4–8 H9–3 AD Z6–8 H8–6 CE Z8–9 H9–8 AEM Z8–9 H9–8
SMALL
SPRING
GREEN WHITE
Tanacetum densum subsp. amani Hebe cupressoides ‘Boughton Dome’ Androsace vandellii Arabis alpina subsp.
Clump-forming perennial retaining Slow-growing, evergreen, dome-shaped Evergreen, dense, cushion-forming caucasica ‘Variegata’
fernlike, hairy, gray leaves in winter shrub with scalelike, stem-clasping, dark perennial with narrow, gray leaves and Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
in mild climates. Bears daisylike, gray-green leaves. Has terminal clusters a profusion of stemless, white flowers with rosettes of oval, cream-splashed,
yellow flower heads with woolly bracts of small, 4-lobed, blue-tinged, white in spring. Needs careful cultivation with mid-green leaves. Bears bunches of
in summer. Dislikes winter wet. H and flowers in summer. H 12in (30cm), a deep collar of grit under the cushion. single, sometimes pink-flushed, white
S 8in (20cm). S to 24in (60cm). H 1in (2.5cm), S to 4in (10cm). flowers from early spring to summer.
H and S 6in (15cm).
ADt Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z8–9 H9–8 ADM Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z4–8 H8–1

Ozothamnus coralloides Ozothamnus selago
Evergreen, upright shrub with gray Evergreen, upright shrub with
stems clothed in neat, dark green leaves, stiff stems covered in scalelike leaves.
marked silver. Occasionally bears fluffy, Intermittently bears fluffy, creamy-white
yellow flower heads. Suits a cold frame flower heads. Makes a good foil for
or an alpine house. Hates winter wet. spring bulbs. H and S 6–9in (15–23cm).
H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 6in (15cm).
AD Z8–9 H9–8 AD Z9–10 H10–9
Salix x boydii Ballota pseudodictamnus Arenaria balearica

Very slow-growing, deciduous, upright Evergreen, mound-forming subshrub Prostrate perennial that is evergreen
shrub forming a gnarled, branched with rounded, gray-green leaves and in all but the most severe winters. Will
bush. Has oval, rough-textured leaves; stems covered with woolly, white hairs. form a green film over a wet, porous
catkins are rarely produced. Will tolerate In summer bears whorls of small, pink rock face. Minute, white flowers stud
light shade. H to 6–9in (15–23cm), flowers with conspicuous, enlarged, mats of foliage in late spring and
S to 12in (30cm). pale green calyces. H 2ft (60cm), early summer. H less than ½in (1cm),
S 36in (90cm). S indefinite.
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SMALL
SPRING
WHITE
Saxifraga scardica Saxifraga burseriana Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot)

Slow-growing, evergreen perennial with Slow-growing, evergreen perennial Rhizomatous perennial with fleshy,
hard cushions composed of blue-green with hard cushions of spiky, gray-green underground stems that exude red sap
rosettes of leaves. In spring bears small leaves. In spring bears open cup-shaped, when cut. In spring bears white flowers,
clusters of upward-facing, cup-shaped, white flowers on short stems. H 1–2in sometimes pink-flushed or slate-blue
white flowers. Does best in an alpine (2.5–5cm), S to 4in (10cm). on reverses, as blue-gray leaves unfurl.
house or sheltered scree. H 1in (2.5cm), H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 3in (8cm).
BD Z7–8 H8–7 BD Z6–8 H8–6 BE Z3–9 H9–1

Maianthemum bifolium Cardamine trifolia

Spreading, rhizomatous perennial with Groundcover perennial with creeping
pairs of large, oval, glossy, dark green stems clothed in rounded, toothed,
leaves arising direct from rhizomes. 3-parted leaves. In late spring and
Stems produce a raceme of 4-petaled, early summer bears loose heads of
white flowers in early summer, followed open cup-shaped, white flowers on bare
by small, spherical, red fruits. May be stems. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm).
invasive. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
CEM Z4–5 H5–1 BE Z5–7 H7–5
Weldenia candida Dicentra cucullaria Arenaria tetraquetra

Perennial with rosettes of strap-shaped, (Dutchman’s breeches) Evergreen perennial that forms a
wavy-margined leaves, growing from Compact perennial with fernlike foliage gray-green cushion of small leaves.
tuberous roots. Bears a succession of and arching stems each bearing a few Stemless, star-shaped, white flowers
upright, cup-shaped, pure white flowers small, yellow-tipped, white flowers, appear in late spring. Is well-suited
in late spring and early summer. H and like tiny, inflated trousers, in spring. for a trough or an alpine house.
S 3–6in (8–15cm). Lies dormant in summer. H 6in (15cm), H 1in (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm) or more.
S to 12in (30cm).
348
AD Z9–10 H10–9 BDt Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z3–5 H5–1
Pulsatilla vernalis Corydalis popovii Scoliopus bigelowii

Tufted perennial with rosettes of feathery Tuberous perennial with leaves divided Compact perennial with basal, veined
leaves. Densely hairy, brown flower buds into 3–6 bluish-green leaflets. In spring leaves, sometimes marked brown. In
appear in late winter and open in early bears loose racemes of deep red-purple early spring bears flowers with purple
spring to somewhat nodding, open and white flowers, each with a long spur. inner petals and greenish-white outer
cup-shaped, pearl-white flowers. Buds Keep dry when dormant. H and S 4–6in petals with deep purple lines. H 3–4in
dislike winter wet. H 2–4in (5–10cm), (10–15cm). (8–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
S 4in (10cm).
ADt Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z7–8 H8–7 AD Z6–8 H8–6

Ranunculus alpestris Ranunculus ficaria var. albus Cassiope mertensiana Gypsophila cerastioides
(Alpine buttercup) Mat-forming perennial bearing in early Evergreen, dwarf shrub with scalelike, Prostrate perennial with a profusion
Short-lived, evergreen, clump-forming spring cup-shaped, single, creamy-white dark green leaves tightly pressed to of small, saucer-shaped, purple-veined,
perennial that bears cup-shaped, flowers with glossy petals. Leaves are stems. In early spring carries bell- white flowers borne in late spring and
white flowers on erect stems from late heart-shaped and dark green. Can shaped, creamy-white flowers, with early summer above mats of rounded,
spring to mid-summer. Glossy, dark spread rapidly; is good for a wild green or red calyces, in leaf axils. velvety, mid-green foliage. H ¾in (2cm),
green leaves are rounded and serrated. garden. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). S to 4in (10cm) or more.
H 1–5in (2.5–12cm), S 4in (10cm).
BEt Z5–8 H8–5 AEt Z4–8 H8–1 CEM Z2–6 H6–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5
Androsace villosa Cassiope lycopodioides Leptinella atrata subsp. luteola Shortia galacifolia (Oconee bells)
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Evergreen, prostrate, mat-forming Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming, dwarf
very hairy rosettes of tiny leaves. Bears shrub with slender stems densely set that in late spring and early summer perennial with round, toothed,
umbels of small, white flowers, with with minute, scalelike, dark green leaves. bears blackish-red flower heads with leathery, glossy leaves. In late spring
yellow centers that turn red, in spring. In spring, short, reddish stems carry creamy-yellow stamens. Leaves are bears cup- to trumpet-shaped, often
H 1in (2.5cm), S 8in (20cm). tiny, bell-shaped, white flowers, in red small, finely cut and dark green. Needs pink-flushed, white flowers with deeply
calyces, singly in leaf axils. H 3in (8cm), adequate moisture; best in an alpine serrated petals. H to 6in (15cm), S 6–9in
S 12in (30cm). house. H 1in (2.5cm), S to 10in (25cm). (15–23cm).
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SMALL
SPRING
WHITE PINK
Anemonella thalictroides Trillium rivale

Perennial with delicate, fernlike Perennial with oval leaves, divided
leaves growing from a cluster of into 3 leaflets. In spring bears open
small tubers. From spring to early cup-shaped, white or pale pink flowers
summer bears small, cup-shaped, with dark-spotted, heart-shaped petals,
white or pink flowers, singly on finely singly on upright, later arching stems.
branched stems. Needs rich soil. H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 4in (10cm), S 1½in (4cm) or more.
CE Z4–7 H7–1 BD Z5–8 H8–5

Cerastium tomentosum Daphne jasminea Saxifraga x irvingii ‘Jenkinsiae’

(Snow-in-summer) Evergreen, compact shrub. Bears Slow-growing perennial with very tight,
Very vigorous, groundcover perennial, small, white flowers, pink-flushed gray-green cushions of foliage. Carries a
only suitable for a hot, dry bank, with externally, in late spring and early profusion of open cup-shaped, lilac-pink
prostrate stems covered by tiny, gray summer and again in fall. Brittle flowers on slender stems in early spring.
leaves. In late spring and summer bears stems are clothed in gray-green leaves. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S to 6in (15cm).
star-shaped, white flowers above foliage. Suits an alpine house or a dry wall.
H 3in (8cm), S indefinite. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S to 12in (30cm).
AD Z3–7 H7–1 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 BD Z6–7 H7–6
Androsace pyrenaica Anemone trullifolia Paraquilegia anemonoides Androsace carnea

Evergreen perennial with small rosettes Creeping, fibrous-rooted perennial with Tufted perennial with fernlike, blue- Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
of tiny, hairy leaves, tightly packed to wedge-shaped, semi-erect, mid-green green leaves. In spring, pale lavender- that has small rosettes of pointed leaves
form hard cushions. Minute, stemless, basal leaves, each with 3 deeply toothed blue buds open to pendent, cup-shaped, with hairy margins. In spring, 2 or more
single, white flowers appear in spring. lobes. Rounded flowers of 5 petals, almost white flowers borne singly stems rise above each rosette, bearing
H 1½in (4cm), S to 4in (10cm). varying from rich blue to near white, are on arching stems. May be difficult to tiny, single, pink flowers. Suits a trough.
borne in early summer and late summer. establish. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). H and S 2in (5cm).
H and S 8in (20cm).
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Antennaria rosea Daphne arbuscula

Semievergreen perennial forming Evergreen, prostrate shrub. In late
a spreading mat of tiny, oval, woolly spring bears many very fragrant,
leaves. Bears fluffy, rose-pink flower tubular, deep pink flowers in terminal
heads in small, terminal clusters in clusters. Narrow, leathery, dark green
late spring and early summer. Is good leaves are crowded at the ends of
as groundcover with small bulbs. the branches. Likes rich soil. H 4–6in
H 1in (2.5cm), S to 16in (40cm). (10–15cm), S 20in (50cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–4 BDt Z5–7 H7–5

Arenaria purpurascens Daphne petraea ‘Grandiflora’ Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Slow-growing, evergreen, compact Evergreen, mat-forming subshrub with
with sharp-pointed, glossy leaves, shrub that bears terminal clusters tiny, oval, leathery leaves. In late spring
above which rise many small clusters of fragrant, rich pink flowers in late produces small, erect racemes of many
of star-shaped, pale to deep purplish- spring and tiny, glossy leaves. Suits an tiny, bell-shaped, deep pink or deep
pink flowers in early spring. H ½in (1cm), alpine house, a sheltered, humus-rich pink-and-white flowers. H 2–3in (5–8cm),
S to 6in (15cm). rock garden or a trough. H to 6in (15cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
S to 10in (25cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1 ADt Z5–7 H7–3 BEM Z2–6 H6–1
Epigaea gaultherioides Lewisia tweedyi Claytonia megarhiza var. nivalis Mazus reptans

Evergreen, prostrate subshrub Evergreen, rosetted perennial with Evergreen perennial with a rosette of Prostrate perennial that has tubular,
with cup-shaped, shell-pink flowers large, fleshy leaves and stout, branched spoon-shaped, succulent leaves. Bears purple or purplish-pink flowers,
borne in terminal clusters in spring. stems that bear open cup-shaped, small heads of tiny, deep pink flowers in with protruding, white lips, spotted
Hairy stems carry heart-shaped, many-petaled, white to pink flowers in spring. Grows best in a deep pot of gritty red and yellow, borne singly on short
dark green leaves. Is difficult to spring. Best grown in an alpine house. potting mix in an alpine house. H ½in stems in spring. Narrow, toothed leaves
grow and propagate. H to 4in (10cm), H 6in (15cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). (1cm), S 3in (8cm). are in pairs along stem. H to 2in (5cm),
S to 10in (25cm) or more. S 12in (30cm) or more.
351
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Silene acaulis (Moss campion) Oxalis adenophylla

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial Mat-forming, fibrous-rooted, tuberous
with minute, bright green leaves perennial with gray-green leaves divided
studded with tiny, stemless, 5-petaled, into narrow, wavy lobes. In spring bears
pink flowers in spring. May be difficult rounded, purplish-pink flowers, each
to bring into flower; prefers a cool 1–1½in (2.5–4cm) across, with darker
climate. H to 1in (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm). purple eyes. H to 2in (5cm), S 3–4in
(8–10cm).
AD Z3–5 H5–1 AD Z6–8 H8–6

Thlaspi cepaeifolium Armeria juniperifolia Erinus alpinus

subsp. rotundifolium Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial Semievergreen, short-lived perennial
Clump-forming perennial with dense composed of loose rosettes of sharp- with rosettes of soft, mid-green leaves
tufts of round leaves and small, open pointed, mid- to gray-green leaves. covered, in late spring and summer,
cup-shaped, pale to deep purplish- or Pale pink flowers are borne in spherical with small, purple, pink or white flowers.
lilac-pink flowers in spring. Needs cool umbels in late spring and early summer. Self-seeds freely. H and S 2–3in (5–8cm).
conditions. May be short-lived. H 2–3in H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm).
(5–8cm), S 4in (10cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z5–7 H8–4 AD Z4–7 H7–1
Oxalis acetosella Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica Shortia soldanelloides

var. subpurpurascens ‘Douler Angevine’ Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
Creeping, rhizomatous perennial Evergreen, mat-forming perennial rounded, toothed leaves and small,
forming mats of 3-lobed leaves. bearing loose rosettes of obovate, pendent, bell-shaped and fringed, deep
Cup-shaped, soft pink flowers, toothed, mid-green leaves with irregular, pink flowers in late spring. H 2–4in
each ½ in (1cm) across, with 5 creamy-yellow margins. In spring (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
darker-veined petals, are produced produces fragrant, 4-petaled, bright
in spring.H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. pink flowers. H 6in (15cm), S 20in (50cm).
352
BD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1 CDM Z6–8 H8–5
RED
Polygonatum hookeri Corydalis solida ‘George Baker’

Slow-growing, dense, rhizomatous Tuberous perennial with fernlike, divided
perennial that bears loose spikes leaves and dense racemes of spurred,
of several small, bell-shaped, lilac- rich deep rose-red flowers in spring.
pink flowers in late spring and early H to 10in (25cm), S to 8in (20cm).
summer. Leaves are tiny and lance-
shaped. Suits a peat bed. H to 2in (5cm),
S to 12in (30cm).
CDt Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z5–7 H7–3

Anagallis tenella ‘Studland’ Aubrieta ‘Joy’ Saxifraga federici-augusti
Short-lived perennial that forms Vigorous, evergreen, trailing perennial subsp. grisebachii ‘Wisley Variety’
prostrate mats of tiny, bright that forms mounds of soft green leaves. Evergreen perennial with rosettes of
green leaves studded in spring In spring bears double, pale mauve-pink lime-encrusted leaves. Crosier-shaped
with honey-scented, star-shaped, flowers on short stems. H 4in (10cm), stems with pale pink to bright red hairs,
bright pink flowers. H ½in (1cm), S 8in (20cm). bear dense racemes of dark red flowers
S 6in (15cm) or more. in spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
AE Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z6–8 H8–6
Saxifraga oppositifolia Androsace carnea subsp. laggeri Arabis blepharophylla Saxifraga sempervivum

(Purple mountain saxifrage) Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial ‘Frühlingszauber’ Evergreen, hummock-forming
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with composed of small, tight rosettes of Short-lived, evergreen, mat-forming perennial with tight rosettes of tufted,
clusters of tiny, white-flecked leaves. pointed leaves. Cup-shaped, deep pink perennial bearing loose rosettes of silvery-green leaves. Crosier-shaped
Has open cup-shaped, dark purple, flowers are borne in small clusters above dark green leaves with gray margins. flower stems, covered in silvery hairs
purplish-pink or, rarely, white flowers cushions in spring. H and S 2in (5cm). Compact racemes of fragrant, 4-petaled, and emerging from rosettes, bear
in early spring. Likes an open position. dark purple-pink flowers are produced racemes of dark red flowers in early
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 6in (15cm). in spring. H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). spring. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
353
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SPRING
PURPLE
Aubrieta deltoidea Aubrieta ‘Greencourt Purple’

‘Argenteovariegata’ Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
Evergreen, compact perennial, grown with rosetted, mid-green leaves.
for its trailing, green leaves which are Produces masses of double, bright
heavily splashed with creamy-white. purple flowers in spring. Is very good
Produces pinkish-lavender flowers on a dry wall. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
in spring. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). S 12in (30cm) or more.
AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–7 H7–5

Saxifraga stribrnyi Soldanella alpina (Alpine snowbell) Corydalis diphylla

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Tuberous perennial with semi-erect,
with small, lime-encrusted rosettes of with tufts of leaves and short, bell- basal leaves, divided into narrow
leaves. Crosier-shaped stems, covered in shaped, fringed, pinkish-lavender or leaflets, and loose racemes of purple-
pinkish-buff hairs, bear racemes of deep purplish-pink flowers in early spring. lipped flowers with white spurs in
maroon-red flowers above leaves in late Is difficult to flower well. H to 3in (8cm), spring. Protect tubers from excess
spring and early summer. H 3in (8cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). moisture in summer. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
S 4–5in (10–12cm). S 3–4in (8–10cm).
BD Z6–7 H7–6 BD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5
Aubrieta ‘J.S. Baker’ Polygala chamaebuxus Soldanella villosa Viola calcarata

Evergreen perennial with single, var. grandiflora Evergreen, clump-forming perennial Clump-forming perennial, with
reddish-purple flowers with a white Evergreen, woody-based perennial with with round, leathery, hairy-stalked oval leaves, that bears flat, outward-
eye borne in spring above mounds of terminal clusters of pealike, reddish- leaves and nodding, bell-shaped, facing, single, white, lavender or
small, soft green leaves. H 4in (10cm), purple and yellow flowers in late spring fringed, purplish-lavender flowers purple flowers for a long period from
S 8in (20cm). and early summer. Leaves are small, borne on erect stems in early spring. late spring to summer. Prefers rich soil.
oval, leathery and dark green. H to 6in Dislikes winter wet. H 4in (10cm), H 4–6in (10–15cm), S to 8in (20cm).
(15cm), S to 12in (30cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm).
354
AD Z5–7 H7–5 BD Z6–9 H9–6 BD Z4–7 H7–1 AEZ4–7 H7–1
Viola tricolor (Heartsease, Wild pansy) Hepatica nobilis var. japonica Jeffersonia dubia Synthyris missurica var. stellata
Short-lived perennial or annual Slow-growing perennial with leathery, Tufted perennial with 2-lobed, blue- Evergreen, mounded, rhizomatous
with neat, flat-faced flowers in lobed leaves, semievergreen in all green leaves, sometimes flushed pink perennial that bears dense spikes of
combinations of white, yellow and but very cold or arid climates. Bears when unfolding. Bears cup-shaped, small, violet-blue flowers in spring
shades of purple from spring to fall. slightly cupped, lilac-mauve, pink or pale lilac to purplish blue flowers above rounded, deeply toothed leaves.
Self-seeds profusely. H 2–6in (5–15cm), white flowers in spring. H to 3in (8cm), singly in spring. H 4–6in (10–15cm), Tolerates sun if soil remains moist.
S 2–6in (5–15cm) or more. S to 5in (12cm). S to 9in (23cm). H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 6in (15cm).
AD Z3–9 H12–1 BE Z5–8 H8–4 BE Z5–8 H8–5 BE Z2–6 H6–1

Aubrieta ‘Purple Charm’ Jancaea heldreichii
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Perennial with rosettes of thick, hairy,
rosetted, mid-green leaves. Produces silver-green leaves, above which rise
masses of single, lavender-purple slender stems bearing clusters of tiny,
flowers, with yellow eyes, in spring. lavender-blue flowers in late spring. Is
Is very good on a dry wall. H 4–6in rare and difficult to grow and is best in
(10–15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. an alpine house. H and S to 3in (8cm).
AD Z5–7 H7–5 BE Z5–7 H7–5
Viola pedata (Bird’s-foot violet) Viola riviniana Purpurea Group Viola ‘Bowles’s Black’
Clump-forming perennial with finely Clump-forming perennial with tiny, Clump-forming perennial with
divided foliage and yellow-centered, pale flat-faced, purple flowers in spring- flat-faced, very dark violet, almost
violet, rarely white flowers borne singly summer. Leaves are kidney-shaped black, flowers, borne continuously
on slender stems in late spring and early and dark purple-green. Is invasive but from spring to fall. Oval leaves
summer. Needs sharp drainage; grow in suits a bank, woodland or wild garden. are sometimes lobed and toothed.
an alpine house. H 3in (5cm), S 3in (8cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite. Is short-lived; treat as biennial.
H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
355
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SMALL
SPRING
BLUE GRAY YELLOW
Myosotis alpestris Mandragora officinarum

(Alpine forget-me-not) Rosetted, fleshy-rooted perennial with
Short-lived, clump-forming perennial coarse, wavy-edged leaves. Bears
producing dense clusters of tiny, bright funnel-shaped, yellowish- or purplish-
blue flowers with creamy-yellow eyes in white flowers in spring, followed by
late spring and early summer, just above large, tomato-like, shiny yellow fruits.
tufts of hairy leaves. Prefers gritty soil. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm).
H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 ADt Z5–8 H8–5

Anchusa cespitosa Gentiana verna (Spring gentian) Leucogenes grandiceps Hacquetia epipactis
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen perennial, often short- Evergreen, dense, woody-based Clump-forming perennial spreading by
with rosettes of lance-shaped, dark lived, with small rosettes of oval, perennial with neat rosettes of short rhizomes. In late winter and early
green leaves. In spring, stemless, dark green leaves. In early spring, downy, silver leaves. Yellow flower spring bears yellow or yellow-green
white-centered, blue flowers appear in tubular, bright blue flowers with heads, within woolly, white bracts, flower heads, encircled by apple-green
centers of rosettes. Old plants do not white throats are held upright on are borne singly in spring or early bracts, before rounded, 3-parted leaves
flower well; take early summer cuttings. short stems. H and S to 2in (5cm). summer. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). appear. H 2½in (6cm), S 6–9in (15–23cm).
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S to 9in (23cm).
AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z7–8 H8–7 CE Z5–7 H7–5
Viola cornuta ‘Minor’ Mertensia maritima Salix apoda Saxifraga x boydii

Rhizomatous perennial with oval, Prostrate perennial with oval, fleshy, Slow-growing, deciduous, prostrate ‘Hindhead Seedling’
toothed leaves and flat-faced, rather bright silver-blue or silver-gray leaves. shrub. In early spring, male forms Evergreen perennial that forms a hard
angular, spurred, lavender-blue, Sturdy stems carry clusters of pendent, bear fat, silky, silver catkins with dome of small, tufted, spiny, blue-green
occasionally white flowers in spring funnel-shaped, sky-blue flowers in orange to pale yellow stamens and leaves. In spring bears upward-facing,
and much of summer. H 3–4in (7–10cm), spring. Is prone to slug damage. Needs bracts. Oval, leathery leaves are hairy open, cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
S to 6in (15cm). very sharp drainage. H 4–6in (10–15cm), when young, becoming dark green later. 2 or 3 to each short stem. H 1in (2.5cm),
S 5in (12cm). H to 6in (15cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). S 3in (8cm).
356
AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z3–7 H7–1 AE Z7–9 H9–1 BD Z6–8 H8–6
Euphorbia myrsinites Saxifraga x apiculata

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with ‘Gregor Mendel’
terminal clusters of bright yellow- Evergreen perennial with a tight cushion
green flowers in spring. Woody stems of bright green foliage. Bears clusters
are clothed in small, pointed, fleshy, of open, cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers
gray leaves. Is good on a wall or ledge. in early spring. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S to 8in (20cm). S 6in (15cm) or more.
ADt Z5–8 H8–5 BD Z6–8 H8–6

Saxifraga x elisabethae Ranunculus ficaria Flore Pleno Group
Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial, Mat-forming perennial with heart-
composed of densely packed, tiny shaped, dark green leaves and, in
rosettes of spiny leaves. In spring, tight early spring, double, bright yellow
upward-facing, bright yellow flowers flowers with glossy petals. May spread
are carried on tops of red-based stems. rapidly. Is good for a wild garden.
H 1in (2.5cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S 8in (20cm).
BD Z5–7 H7–5 AEt Z4–8 H8–1
Salix reticulata (Net-veined willow) Draba rigida Draba longisiliqua

Deciduous, spreading, mat-forming Evergreen perennial with tight Semievergreen, cushion-forming
shrub. Carries plump, reddish-brown, hummocks of minute, dark green perennial composed of firm rosettes
then yellow catkins on male plants leaves. Tiny clusters of bright yellow of tiny, silver leaves. Bears sprays of
in spring and rounded, slightly flowers on fine stems cover hummocks small, yellow flowers on long stalks
crinkled leaves. Likes cool, peaty soil. in spring. Suits a rough, scree garden in spring. Needs plenty of water in
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. or alpine house. Dislikes winter wet. growth; is best grown in an alpine
H 1½in (4cm), S 2½in (6cm). house. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm).
357
AE Z2–6 H6–1 AD Z4–6 H6–1 AD Z4–6 H6–1
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SPRING
YELLOW
Morisia monanthos Dionysia tapetodes

Prostrate perennial with flat rosettes Evergreen, prostrate perennial
of divided, leathery, dark green producing a tight mat of tiny, gray-
leaves. Bears stemless, flat, bright green leaves. Bears small, upward-
yellow flowers in late spring and early facing, yellow flowers in early spring.
summer. Needs very sharp drainage. H ½in (1cm), S to 6in (15cm).
H 1in (2.5cm), S to 3in (8cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z5–7 H7–5

Vitaliana primuliflora Trollius pumilus Erysimum helveticum

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with Tufted perennial with leaves divided into Semievergreen, clump-forming
a mat of rosetted, mid-green leaves 5 segments, each farther lobed. Carries perennial with closely-packed tufts
that are covered in spring with many solitary cup-shaped, bright yellow of long, narrow leaves and many
small clusters of stemless, tubular, flowers in late spring and early summer. fragrant, bright yellow flowers borne
bright yellow flowers. H 1in (2.5cm), H 6in (15cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. in flat heads in late spring and early
S 8in (20cm). summer. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AE Z4–6 H8–5 ADZ5–8 H8–5
Saxifraga sancta Draba mollissima Dionysia aretioides

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Semievergreen, cushion-forming Evergreen perennial forming cushions
with tufts of bright green leaves. Bears perennial with clusters of tiny, yellow of soft, hairy, grayish-green leaves that
short racemes of upward-facing, open flowers on slender stems in spring. are covered in early spring by scented,
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in Minute leaves form a soft green dome, stemless, round, bright yellow flowers.
spring. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). which should be packed beneath with H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm).
small stones. Grow in an alpine house.
H 1½in (4cm), S 6in (15cm) or more.
358
BD Z7–8 H8–7 AD Z4–6 H6–1 AD Z5–7 H7–5
SUMMER
WHITE
Silene alpestris Haberlea rhodopensis ‘Virginalis’

Perennial with branching stems and Evergreen perennial with small, arching
narrow leaves. Bears small, rounded, sprays of funnel-shaped, pure white
fringed, white, occasionally pink-flushed flowers borne in late spring and early
flowers in late spring and early summer. summer above neat rosettes of oval,
Self seeds freely. H 4–6in (10–15cm), toothed, dark green leaves. H and S in
S 8in (20cm). flower 4–6in (10–15cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1 BE Z5–7 H7–5

Viola ‘Jackanapes’ Phlox stolonifera ‘Ariane’ Potentilla alba
Clump-forming perennial with Evergreen, low-growing perennial Vigorous mat-forming perennial bearing
oval, toothed leaves. Produces flat- with flowering sideshoots that bear loose sprays of flat, single, white flowers
faced flowers with reddish-brown, heads of open, saucer-shaped, white in summer. Leaves are divided into oval
upper petals and yellow, lower ones blooms in early summer. Has oval, pale leaflets and are silvery beneath. H 2–3in
throughout late spring and summer. green leaves. Cut back flowered shoots (5–8cm), S 3in (8cm).
H 3–5in (8–12cm), S to 8in (20cm) by half after flowering. H to 6in (15cm),
or more. S 12in (30cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 BDM Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z5–8 H8–3
Viola aetolica Ranunculus ficaria var. aurantiacus Achillea clavennae Cyananthus lobatus f. albus
Clump-forming perennial bearing Mat-forming perennial bearing in Semievergreen, carpeting perennial Prostrate perennial with branched
flat-faced, yellow flowers singly on early spring cup-shaped, single, orange that bears loose clusters of white flower stems clothed in small, wedge-
upright stems in late spring and early flowers with glossy petals. Leaves are heads with gold centers from summer shaped, dull green leaves. Bears
summer. Leaves are oval and mid-green. heart-shaped and mid-green. May to mid fall. Leaves are narrowly oval, funnel-shaped, single, white flowers
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm). spread rapidly. Is good for a wild many-lobed and covered with fine, white with spreading lobes in late summer.
garden. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). hairs. Dislikes winter wet. H 6in (15cm), H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 9in (23cm) or more.
359
AD Z8–9 H9–8 AEt Z4–8 H8–1 ADt Z3–8 H8–1 BD Z6–7 H7–6
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SMALL
SUMMER
WHITE
Campanula carpatica Iberis saxatilis Ourisia caespitosa

‘Bressingham White’ Evergreen, dwarf subshrub that in Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
Clump-forming perennial bearing open late spring and early summer produces creeping rootstocks and stems bearing
cup-shaped, white flowers, singly on large heads of numerous small, white tiny, oval leaves and many outward-
unbranched stems, in summer. Has flowers, which become tinged violet facing, open cup-shaped, white flowers
abundant, rounded, bright green leaves. with age. Glossy, dark leaves are linear in late spring and early summer.
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 6in (15cm). and cylindrical. Trim after flowering. H 1in (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 3–5in (8–12cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z7–9 H9–7 CE Z5–7 H7–5

Arenaria montana Cornus canadensis (Bunchberry) Celmisia ramulosa Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus
Prostrate perennial that forms Groundcover perennial with whorls Evergreen, shrubby perennial with Short-lived, prostrate perennial that has
loose mats of small, narrowly oval of oval leaves. In late spring and early small, hairy, gray-green leaves. Daisylike, white flower heads, with red reverses
leaves and bears large, round, white summer bears green, sometimes white flower heads are borne singly on to ray petals, in summer. Flowers close
flowers in summer. Suits a wall or rock purple-tinged flowers, within white short stems in late spring and early in dull light. Stems are clothed in fine
crevice. Must have adequate moisture. bracts, followed by red berries. H 4–6in summer. H and S 4in (10cm). leaves. Dislikes wet. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm)
H 2in (5cm), S 5in (12cm). (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. or more, S 4in (10cm).
BD Z3–5 H5–1 BEMt Z2–7 H7–1 AEM Z7–8 H8–7 AD Z3–8 H8–1
Lewisia rediviva [white form] Epilobium glabellum of gardens Achillea x kellereri

(Bitterroot) Mat- or clump-forming, semievergreen Semievergreen perennial that bears
Tufted, rosetted perennial with perennial with elliptic to ovate, finely daisylike, white flower heads in loose
clusters of fine, narrow leaves that are toothed, deep green leaves. Cup-shaped, clusters in summer. Leaves are feathery
summer-deciduous. Bears large, white creamy-white to pink flowers are borne and gray-green. Is good for a wall or
flowers that open in bright weather on branching stems in summer. bank. Dislikes winter wet and must
in late spring and early summer. H and S 8in (20cm). have perfect drainage. H 6in (15cm),
H ½–1½in (1–4cm), S to 2in (5cm). S 9in (23cm) or more.
360
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PINK
Nierembergia repens Alstroemeria hookeri

Mat-forming perennial with upright, Tuberous perennial with narrow leaves
open bell-shaped, yellow-centered, and loose heads of widely flared, orange-
white flowers, occasionally flushed pink suffused, pink flowers in summer; upper
with age, borne for a long period in petals are spotted and blotched red and
summer. Leaves are small, oval and light yellow. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 18–24in
green. Is useful for cracks in paving. (45–60cm).
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm) or more.
AD Z7–11 H11–7 ADt Z8–10 H10–8

Petrocosmea kerrii Penstemon hirsutus var. pygmaeus
Evergreen perennial with compact Short-lived, evergreen, compact
rosettes of oval, pointed, hairy, rich subshrub that bears tubular, lipped,
green leaves. In summer bears hairy, purple- or blue-flushed, white
clusters of short, outward-facing, flowers in summer. Has tightly packed,
tubular, open-mouthed white flowers. dark green leaves and is suitable for
Suits an alpine house. H to 3in (8cm), a trough. H and S 3in (8cm).
S 5–6in (12–15cm). Min. 36–41ºF (2–5ºC).
CD Z10–11 H11–9 AD Z3–9 H9–1
Dryas octopetala Carlina acaulis (Alpine thistle) Petrorhagia saxifraga (Tunic flower)
Evergreen, prostrate perennial forming Clump-forming perennial that in Mat-forming perennial with tufts of
mats of oval, lobed, leathery, dark green summer–fall bears large, stemless, grasslike leaves. In summer bears a
leaves on sturdy stems. In late spring thistle-like, single, off-white or pale profusion of small, pale pink flowers,
and early summer, cup-shaped, creamy- brown flower heads, with papery veined deeper pink, on slender stems.
white flowers are borne just above bracts, on rosettes of long, spiny- Grows best on poor soil and self-seeds
foliage, followed by attractive, feathery margined, deeply-cut leaves. H 3–4in easily. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
seeds. H 2½in (6cm), S indefinite. (8–10cm), S 6–9in (15–23cm).
361
AD Z3–6 H6–1 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–7 H7–5
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SUMMER
PINK
Gypsophila repens ‘Dorothy Teacher’ Erodium corsicum

Semievergreen, prostrate perennial. Compact, clump-forming perennial that
Sprays of small, rounded, white flowers, has soft, gray-green leaves with wavy
which age to deep pink, cover mats of margins. Bears flat-faced, pink flowers,
narrow, bluish-green leaves in summer. with darker veins, on stiff, slender stems
trim stems after flowering. H 1–2in in late spring and summer. Is best in
(2.5–5cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. an alpine house as it dislikes winter wet.
H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z4–7 H7–1

Convolvulus althaeoides Rhodohypoxis ‘Margaret Rose’ Saponaria x olivana

Vigorous perennial with long, trailing Perennial with a tuber-like rootstock Compact perennial with a firm cushion
stems clothed in heart-shaped, cut, and an erect, basal tuft of narrowly of narrow leaves. Flowering stems,
mid-green leaves, overlaid silver. Bears lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a produced around edges of the cushion,
large, open trumpet-shaped pink flowers succession of upright, flattish, pale bear flat, single, pale pink flowers in
in summer. May be invasive in a mild pink flowers on slender stems in spring summer. Needs very sharp drainage.
climate. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. and early summer. H 2–4in (5–10cm), H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).
S 1–2in (2.5–5cm).
AD Z6–8 H8–1 AD Z9–10 H10–9 AD Z4–8 H8–1
Geranium sanguineum var. striatum Ourisia microphylla Asperula suberosa Aethionema ‘Warley Rose’
Hummock-forming, spreading perennial Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial, Clump-forming perennial with a Short-lived, evergreen or
that has cup-shaped, pink flowers, with with neat, scalelike, pale green leaves, mound of loose stems bearing tiny, semievergreen, compact subshrub
darker veins, borne singly in summer bearing a profusion of small, pink hairy, gray leaves and, in early summer, with tiny, linear, bluish-green leaves.
above round, deeply divided, dark green flowers in late spring and early summer. many tubular, pale pink flowers. Dislikes Bears racemes of small, pink flowers
leaves. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm) Is difficult to grow in an arid climate. winter wet but needs moist soil in on short stems in profusion in
or more. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm). summer. Is best in an alpine house. spring-summer. H and S 6in (15cm).
H 3in (8cm), S to 12in (30cm).
362
AD Z3–8 H8–1 CE Z7–9 H9–7 AE Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z6–8 H8–6
Phlox adsurgens ‘Wagon Wheel’ Androsace lanuginosa

Evergreen, prostrate perennial forming Evergreen, trailing perennial with loose
wide mats of woody stems, clothed stems, covered in silky hairs, carrying
in oval leaves. Bears heads of wheel- deep green leaves and, in summer,
shaped, pink flowers with narrow clusters of small, flat, lilac-pink or pale
petals in summer. Needs rich soil. pink flowers with dark pink or yellow
H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). eyes. H 1½in (4cm), S to 7in (18cm).
BDM Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z5–7 H7–3

Linnaea borealis (Twinflower) Acantholimon glumaceum Dianthus ‘Little Jock’
Evergreen, mat-forming, subshrubby Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial Evergreen, compact, clump-forming
perennial with rooting stems bearing with hard, spiny, dark green leaves perennial with spiky, silvery-green
small, oval leaves, above which in and short spikes of small, star-shaped, foliage. In summer produces strongly
summer rise threadlike stems bearing pink flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), fragrant, rounded, semidouble, pink
pairs of small, fragrant, tubular, pale S 8in (20cm). flowers, with darker eyes, above foliage.
pink and white flowers. H ¾in (2cm), H and S 4in (10cm).
BEM Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z5–9 H9–5
Geranium dalmaticum Erigeron karvinskianus Dianthus pavonius Dianthus gratianopolitanus

Prostrate, spreading perennial with Spreading perennial with lax stems Evergreen, prostrate perennial with (Cheddar pink)
outward-facing, almost flat, shell-pink bearing narrow, lance-shaped, hairy comparatively large, rounded, pale Evergreen perennial with loose
flowers borne in summer above divided, leaves and, in summer-fall, daisylike to deep pink flowers, buff on reverses, mats of narrow, gray-green leaves.
dark green leaves. Will grow taller in flower heads that open white, turn pink borne on short stems in summer above In summer, produces very fragrant,
partial shade and is evergreen in all and fade to purple. H 4–6in (10–15cm), low mats of spiky leaves. H 2in (5cm), flat, pale pink flowers on slender stems.
but severest winters. H 3–4in (8–10cm) S indefinite. S 3in (8cm). H to 6in (15cm), S to 12in (30cm).
or more, S 5–8in (12–20cm).
363
AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–7 H7–5 ADM Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1
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SMALL
SUMMER
PINK
Loiseleuria procumbens Saponaria ocymoides Oxalis depressa

(Alpine azalea, Trailing azalea) (Rock soapwort) Tuberous perennial with 3-lobed leaves
Evergreen, prostrate shrub with small, Perennial with compact or loose, and short-stemmed, widely funnel-
oval leaves, hairy and beige beneath. sprawling mats of hairy, oval leaves, shaped, bright rose-pink flowers,
Has terminal clusters of open funnel- above which a profusion of tiny, flat, ¾in (2cm) across, in summer. Needs
shaped, rose-pink to white flowers pale pink to crimson flowers is carried a sheltered site or cool greenhouse.
in early summer. H to 3in (8cm), in summer. Is excellent on a dry bank. H 2in (5cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
S 4–6in (10–15cm). H 1–3in (2.5–8cm), S 16in (40cm).
ADM Z2–5 H5–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–10 H10–7

Dianthus ‘Pike’s Pink’ Pterocephalus perennis Dianthus myrtinervius

Evergreen, compact, cushion-forming Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, spreading perennial
perennial, with spiky, gray-green with crinkled, hairy leaves. Bears tight, with numerous small, rounded, pink
foliage, that bears fragrant, rounded, rounded heads of tubular, pinkish- flowers that appear in summer above
double, pink flowers in summer. lavender flowers, singly on short stems tiny, grasslike leaves. H 2in (5cm),
H and S 4in (10cm). in summer, followed by feathery seed S 8in (20cm).
heads. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z4–9 H9–1
Aethionema armenum Saponaria caespitosa Dianthus alpinus (Alpine pink) Dianthus ‘Annabelle’
Short-lived, evergreen or semievergreen, Mat-forming perennial with small, Evergreen, compact perennial that bears Evergreen, compact, clump-forming
dense subshrub with narrow, blue-green lance-shaped leaves. Tiny, flat, single, comparatively large, rounded, rose-pink perennial with spiky, gray-green foliage.
leaves. Carries loose sprays of tiny, pale pink to purple flowers are borne in small to crimson flowers, singly in summer, In summer bears fragrant, rounded,
to deep pink flowers in summer. heads in summer. Needs very sharp above mats of narrow, dark green semidouble, cerise-pink flowers, singly
H and S 6in (15cm). drainage. H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm). foliage. Likes rich soil. H 2in (5cm), on slender stems. H and S 4in (10cm).
S 3in (8cm).
364
Phlox ‘Camla’ Phlox subulata ‘Marjorie’ Dianthus ‘La Bourboule’

Evergreen mound-forming perennial Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Evergreen perennial with small clumps
with wiry, arching stems and fine leaves. with fine leaves and a profusion of flat, of tufted, spiky foliage. Bears a profusion
Has a profusion of open saucer-shaped, star-shaped, bright rose-pink flowers of strongly fragrant, small, single,
rich pink flowers in early summer. in early summer. Trim after flowering. pink flowers in summer. H 2in (5cm),
Trim after flowering. Needs rich soil. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). S 3in (8cm).
H 5in (12cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z5–9 H9–1

Persicaria affinis ‘Donald Lowndes’ Phlox douglasii ‘Crackerjack’ Armeria maritima ‘Vindictive’
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial that Evergreen, compact, mound-forming Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
has sturdy, branching, spreading stems perennial. Has a profusion of saucer- with grasslike, dark blue-green leaves,
clothed with pointed leaves. In summer shaped, bright crimson or magenta above which rise stiff stems bearing
bears dense spikes of small, red flowers, flowers in early summer. Leaves are spherical heads of small, deep rose-pink
which become paler with age.H 3–6in lance-shaped and mid-green. Cut flowers for a long period in summer.
(8–15cm), S to 6in (15cm). back after flowering. H to 3in (8cm), H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).
S 8in (20cm).
AEt Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z3–9 H9–1
Lewisia rediviva [pink form] Rhodohypoxis ‘Albrighton’ Dianthus deltoides ‘Leuchtfunk’ Thymus ‘Bressingham’
(Bitterroot) Perennial with tuber-like rootstock Evergreen, mat-forming perennial. Evergreen, mat-forming, aromatic
Tufted, rosetted perennial. Clusters of and an erect, basal tuft of narrowly Many small, flat, upward-facing, subshrub with creeping stems and
narrow leaves are summer-deciduous. lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a brilliant cerise flowers are borne singly elliptic, white-hairy, mid-green leaves.
Large, many-petaled, pink flowers succession of erect, deep pink flowers above tiny, oblong, pointed leaves. Bears numerous, small, 2-lipped,
open on bright days in late spring and singly on slender stems in spring and H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 8in (20cm). purple-pink flowers, splashed dark
early summer. Suits an alpine house. early summer. H 2–4in (5–10cm), crimson, in summer. H 1¼in (3cm),
H ½–1½in (1–4cm), S to 2in (5cm). S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). S 5in (12cm).
365
ADM Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z9–10 H10–9 AD Z3–10 H10–1 AD Z6–9 H9–6
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SMALL
SUMMER
PINK PURPLE
Phlox bifida (Sand phlox) Thymus caespititius Androsace villosa var. jacquemontii Teucrium polium
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial Compact, cushion-forming, aromatic Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Deciduous, dome-shaped subshrub
with lance-shaped leaves. Bears a subshrub with upright stems covered with small rosettes of hairy, gray-green that has much-branched, woolly, white
profusion of small heads of star-shaped, in small, prominently veined, dark-green leaves. Bears tiny, pinkish-purple flowers or yellowish stems and leaves with
lilac or white flowers with deeply cleft leaves. In early summer, bears lilac or on red stems in late spring and early scalloped margins. Bears yellowish-
petals in summer. Cut back stems by mauve flowers in dense rounded heads. summer. Suits an alpine house. white or pinkish-purple flowers in flat
half after flowering. H 4–6in (10–15cm), H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). H ½–1½in (1–4cm), S 8in (20cm). heads in summer. Requires very sharp
S 6in (15cm). drainage. H and S 6in (15cm).

Geranium cinereum ‘Ballerina’ Phlox douglasii ‘Boothman’s Variety’

Spreading, rosetted perennial that bears Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
cup-shaped, purplish-pink flowers, with lance-shaped leaves and masses
with deep purple veins, on lax stems of pale lavender-blue flowers, with
in late spring and summer. Basal violet-blue markings around eyes, in
leaves are round, deeply divided early summer. Cut back after flowering.
and soft. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). H to 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–6 AD Z5–7 H7–5
Dianthus microlepis Geranium subcaulescens Physoplexis comosa

Evergreen perennial with tiny tufts Spreading perennial with round, deeply Tufted perennial with deeply cut leaves
of minute, fine, grasslike leaves, divided, soft leaves. In summer bears and round heads of bottle-shaped,
above which rise numerous small, brilliant purple-magenta flowers, with violet-blue, rarely white, flowers in
rounded, pink flowers in early striking, black eyes and stamens, on lax summer. Suits crevices but dislikes
summer. Is best suited to a trough. stems. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). winter wet. H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 2in (5cm),S 8in (20cm).
366
AD Z5–9 H8–1 AD Z4–9 H9–3 AD Z5–7 H7–5
Aster alpinus Edraianthus serpyllifolius

Clump-forming, spreading perennial Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
with lance-shaped, dark green leaves. tight mats of tiny leaves and small,
Bears daisylike, purplish-blue or pinkish- bell-shaped, deep violet flowers,
purple flower heads, with yellow centers, borne on short stems in early summer.
from mid- to late summer. H 6in (15cm), Is uncommon and seldom sets seed in
S 12–18in (30–45cm). gardens. H ½in (1cm), S to 2in (5cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–9 H9–7

Thymus ‘Peter Davis’ Viola ‘Nellie Britton’ Campanula carpatica ‘Jewel’
Evergreen, aromatic, mound-forming Clump-forming perennial with small, Low-growing, compact and clump-
subshrub with fine, twiggy stems and oval, toothed leaves and flat-faced, forming perennial with mid-green,
narrow leaves fringed with white hairs. lavender-pink flowers borne from toothed leaves on branching stems.
Bears dense heads of small, pinkish- late spring to late summer. Soil should Bright, purple-blue, upturned,
purple flowers with purple bracts in not be too dry. H 3–6in (8–15cm), bell-shaped flowers are produced
summer. H 4–5in (10–12cm), S 6in (15cm). S to 8in (20cm). over several months in summer.
H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
AD Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z5–11 H7–1 AE Z4–7 H7–1
Phlox ‘Emerald Cushion’ Campanula poscharskyana Globularia meridionalis

Evergreen perennial with emerald- Rampant, spreading perennial with Evergreen, dome-shaped subshrub.
green mounds of fine leaves, studded bell-shaped, violet flowers borne on In summer, globular, fluffy, lavender
in late spring and early summer with leafy stems in summer. Leaves are round to lavender-purple flower heads are
large, saucer-shaped, bright violet- with serrated edges. Vigorous runners borne singly just above glossy leaves.
blue flowers. Trim after flowering. make it suitable for a bank or a wild H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm).
H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm). garden. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S indefinite.
367
AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z5–7 H7–5
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SMALL
SUMMER
PURPLE
Campanula portenschlagiana Campanula ‘G.F. Wilson’

Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate perennial Neat, mound-forming perennial with
with dense mats of small, ivy-shaped large, upturned, bell-shaped, violet
leaves and large clusters of erect, open flowers in summer. Has rounded, pale
bell-shaped, violet flowers in summer. yellow-green leaves. H 3–4in (8–10cm),
H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. S 5–6in (12–15cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z4–7 H7–1

Viola ‘Huntercombe Purple’ Pinguicula grandiflora Aquilegia jonesii

Perennial forming wide clumps of neat, Clump-forming perennial with a basal Compact perennial that bears short-
oval, toothed leaves. Has a profusion rosette of sticky, oval, pale green leaves. spurred, violet-blue flowers in summer,
of flat-faced, rich violet flowers from In summer bears spurred, open a few to each slender stem. Has small
spring to late summer. Divide clumps funnel-shaped, violet-blue to purple rosettes of finely divided, blue-gray
every 3 years. H 4–6in (10–15cm), flowers singly on upright, slender or gray-green leaves. Is uncommon,
S 6–12in (15–30cm) or more. stems. H 5–6in (12–15cm), S 2in (5cm). suitable for an alpine house only.
H 1in (2.5cm), S to 2in (5cm).
AD Z5–7 H7–5 AF Z3–5 H5–3 ADt Z4–8 H8–1
Prunella grandiflora (Large self-heal) Campanula ‘Birch Hybrid’ Edraianthus pumilio

Semievergreen, spreading, mat-forming Vigorous, evergreen perennial with Short-lived perennial with low tufts of
perennial with basal rosettes of leaves. tough, arching, prostrate stems and fine, grasslike leaves. In early summer,
In mid-summer bears short spikes of ivy-shaped, bright green leaves. upturned, bell-shaped, pale to deep
funnel-shaped, purple flowers in whorls. Bears many open bell-shaped, deep lavender flowers, on very short stems,
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12in (30cm). violet flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), appear amid foliage. H 1in (2.5cm),
S 12in (30cm) or more. S 3in (8cm).
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AE Z5–7 H8–5 AD Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z6–8 H8–6
BLUE
Cyananthus microphyllus Ramonda myconi Campanula cochleariifolia

Mat-forming perennial with very fine, Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial (Fairy thimbles)
red stems clothed in tiny leaves. Bears with hairy, crinkled leaves and, in late Spreading perennial. Runners produce
funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers at spring and early summer, flat, blue- mats of rosetted, tiny, round leaves.
the end of each stem in late summer. mauve, pink or white flowers, borne Bears small clusters of white, lavender
Likes rich soil. H ¾in (2cm), S 8in (20cm). on branched stems. H 3in (8cm), or pale blue flowers in summer on many
S to 4in (10cm). thin stems above foliage. H 3in (8cm),
S indefinite.
BD Z5–7 H7–5 CE Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–7 H7–1

Townsendia grandiflora Sisyrinchium idahoense Pratia pedunculata
Short-lived, evergreen perennial with Semievergreen, upright, clump-forming Vigorous, evergreen, creeping perennial
basal rosettes of small, spoon-shaped perennial that for a long period in with small leaves and a profusion
leaves. Upright stems carry solitary summer and early fall has many of star-shaped, pale to mid-blue or
daisylike, violet or violet-blue flower flowering stems carrying tiny tufts occasionally purplish-blue flowers borne
heads in late spring and early summer. of iris-like, blue to violet-blue flowers. in summer. Makes good groundcover
H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Foliage is grasslike. Self seeds readily. in a moist site. H ½in (1cm), S indefinite.
H to 5in (12cm), S 4in (10cm).
AE Z4–7 H7–1 AD Z7–8 H8–7 CE Z5–7 H7–5
Polygala calcarea ‘Lillet’ Hedyotis michauxii (Creeping bluets) Globularia cordifolia Trachelium asperuloides
Evergreen, prostrate, very compact Vigorous perennial with rooting stems. Evergreen, mat-forming, dwarf shrub Mat-forming perennial with threadlike
perennial with rosettes of small, Produces mats of mid-green foliage with creeping, woody stems clothed in stems clothed in minute, mid-green
narrowly oval leaves and loose heads studded with star-shaped, violet-blue tiny, oval leaves. Bears stemless, round, leaves, above which rise many tiny,
of bright blue flowers in spring and flowers in late spring and early summer. fluffy, blue to pale lavender-blue flower upright, tubular, pale blue flowers in
early summer. Likes rich soil. Suits H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm). heads in summer. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), summer. Do not remove old stems
a trough. H 1in (2.5cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). S to 8in (20cm). in winter. H 3in (8cm), S to 6in (15cm).
369
AD Z7–9 H9–7 CE Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z8–13 H12–6
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SUMMER
GENTIANS BLUE
Although there are gentians large enough to hold their own
in the herbaceous border, most are low-growing, deciduous or
evergreen perennials, best suited to rock gardens, where they
can form spreading mats. Flowering between spring and fall,
they are renowned for their vivid blue trumpet-shaped flowers, G. saxosa
which are produced in pale shades, such as G. ‘Strathmore’, to
intensely dark, such as G. acaulis, although there are also white-
and yellow-flowered forms. All require a cool position, sheltered
from hot summer sun. Most need light, rich, moist but well-
drained neutral soil; fall-flowering species and cultivars, such
as G. sino-ornata, require acidic conditions to thrive. Protect
from slugs and snails, particularly in spring.
Eritrichium nanum
Clump-forming perennial with tufts
of hairy, gray-green leaves. Bears small,
stemless, flat, pale blue flowers in late
spring and early summer. Requires
sharp drainage. Is only suitable for an
alpine house. H ¾in (2cm), S 1in (2.5cm).
AD Z5–7 H7–5
G. ‘Ettrick’
G. ‘Strathmore’ G. ‘Soutra’ G. ‘Eugen’s Allerbester’

Parochetus communis
(Shamrock pea)
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
clover-like leaves and pealike, brilliant
blue flowers that are borne almost
continuously. Grows best in an alpine
house. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite.
BD Z8–11 H11–8
G. ‘Blue Silk’ G. ‘Shot Silk’
G. x macaulayi ‘Wells’s Variety’
Polygala calcarea
Evergreen, prostrate, occasionally
upright, perennial. Has small, narrowly
oval leaves and pale to dark blue
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Likes rich soil. Suits a trough. May
be difficult to establish. H 1in (2.5cm),
S to 6in (15cm).
370
AD Z7–9 H9–7
G. ‘Inverleith’ G. sino-ornata G. acaulis
GREEN YELLOW
Polygala chamaebuxus
Evergreen, woody-based perennial
with tiny, hard, dark green leaves.
In late spring and early summer
bears many racemes of small, pealike,
white-and-yellow flowers, sometimes
marked brown. Needs rich soil.
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).
BD Z6–9 H9–6

Mitella breweri Asarina procumbens Sedum acre (Biting stonecrop,
Neat, clump-forming, rhizomatous Semievergreen perennial with trailing Common stonecrop)
perennial with slender, hairy stems stems bearing soft, hairy leaves and Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
bearing small, pendent, tubular, tubular, pale cream flowers, with with dense, spreading shoots and tiny,
greenish-white flowers, with flared yellow palates, throughout summer. fleshy, pale green leaves. Bears flat,
mouths, in summer. Has lobed, Dislikes winter wet. Self-seeds freely. terminal heads of tiny, yellow summer
kidney-shaped, basal leaves. H ½–1in (1–2.5cm), S 9–12in (23–30cm). flowers. Is invasive but easily controlled.
H and S 6in (15cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite.
CE Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z6–9 H9–6 ADt Z3–8 H8–1
Gunnera magellanica Sedum acre ‘Aureum’ Calceolaria tenella Oxalis perdicaria

Mat-forming perennial, grown for its Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate perennial Clump-forming perennial with
rounded, toothed leaves, often bronze- with spreading shoots, yellow-tipped with creeping, reddish stems and oval, woolly-coated tubers. Mid-green leaves
tinged when young, on short, creeping in spring and early summer, clothed mid-green leaves, above which rise have up to 5 rounded lobes. Produces
stems. Small, green, unisexual flowers, in tiny, fleshy, yellow leaves. Has flat small spikes of pouch-shaped, red- racemes of widely funnel-shaped, bright
with reddish-bracts, are borne on male heads of tiny, yellow flowers in spotted, yellow flowers in summer. yellow flowers, ½–¾in (1–2cm) across,
and female plants. Likes peaty soil. summer. Is invasive but easy to control. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. in late summer and fall. H 2in (5cm),
H 1in (2.5cm), S to 12in (30cm). H 1–2in (2.5–5cm ), S to 9in (23cm). S 3–4in (8–10cm).
371
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SMALL
SUMMER
YELLOW
Waldsteinia ternata Potentilla aurea

Semievergreen perennial with loose, Rounded perennial, with a woody base,
spreading mats of toothed, 3-parted that in late summer bears loose sprays of
leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, yellow flat, single, yellow flowers with slightly
flowers in late spring and early summer. darker eyes. Leaves are divided into oval,
Is good on a bank. H 4in (10cm), slightly silvered leaflets. H 4in (10cm),
S 8–12in (20–30cm). S 8in (20cm).
AD Z3–8 H8–1 AD Z5–8 H8–5

Lysimachia nummularia ‘Aurea’ Linum flavum ‘Compactum’ Oenothera macrocarpa

(Golden creeping Jenny) Shrubby perennial with narrow leaves Spreading perennial with sturdy stems
Prostrate perennial. Creeping, rooting and terminal clusters of many upward- and oval leaves. Throughout summer
stems bear pairs of round, soft yellow facing, open funnel-shaped, single, bears a succession of wide, bell-shaped,
leaves, which later turn greenish-yellow bright yellow flowers in summer. yellow flowers, sometimes spotted red,
or green in dense shade. Has bright Provide a sunny, sheltered position that open at sundown. H to 4in (10cm),
yellow flowers in leaf axils in summer. and protection from winter wet. S to 16in (40cm) or more.
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), S indefinite. H and S 6in (15cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–8 H8–3
Scutellaria orientalis Potentilla eriocarpa Cytisus ardoinoi Calceolaria ‘Walter Shrimpton’

Rhizomatous perennial with hairy, gray, Clump-forming perennial with tufts Deciduous, hummock-forming, dwarf Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
rooting stems. Has terminal spikes of of oval, dark green leaves divided shrub with arching stems. In late spring with glossy, dark green leaves. In
tubular, yellow flowers, with brownish- into leaflets. Flat, single, pale yellow and early summer, pealike, bright yellow early summer bears short spikes of
purple lips, in summer. Leaves are flowers are borne throughout summer flowers are produced in pairs in leaf many pouch-shaped, bronze-yellow
toothed and oval. May be invasive just above leaves. H 2–3in (5–8cm), axils. Leaves are divided into 3 leaflets. flowers, spotted rich brown, with white
in a small space. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). bands across centers. H 4in (10cm),
S to 9in (23cm). S 9in (23cm).
372
AD Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z6–8 H8–1 ADt Z6–8 H8–6 AE Z8–9 H6–1
FALL
RED
Hypericum empetrifolium
subsp. tortuosum
Evergreen, prostrate shrub with angled
branches and bright green leaves that
have curled margins. Bears flat heads of
small, bright yellow flowers in summer.
Needs winter protection. H ¾in (2cm),
S 12in (30cm).
AD Z4–7 H7–1

Papaver fauriei Hippocrepis comosa Persicaria vacciniifolia
Short-lived, clump-forming perennial (Horseshoe vetch) Evergreen, perennial with woody, red
with basal rosettes of finely cut, hairy, Vigorous perennial with prostrate, stems. Leaves are tinged red in fall.
soft gray leaves. Bears pendent, open rooting stems bearing open spikes Bears deep pink or rose-red flowers in
cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers in of pealike, yellow flowers in summer late summer and fall. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
summer. Dislikes winter wet. H and and leaves divided into leaflets. Self S to 12in (30cm).
S 2–4in (5–10cm). seeds freely and may spread rapidly.
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S indefinite.
AD Z5–7 H7–5 AD Z5–7 H7–5 AEt Z8–11 H11–3
Genista sagittalis Nertera granadensis (Bead plant) Gaultheria procumbens

Deciduous, semi-prostrate shrub with Prostrate perennial with dense mats Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with
winged stems bearing a few oval, dark of tiny, bright green leaves. In early prostrate stems carrying clusters of
green leaves. Pealike, yellow flowers summer bears minute, greenish-white oval, leathery leaves that turn red in
appear in dense, terminal clusters in flowers, then many shiny, orange or winter. In summer, solitary bell-shaped,
early summer, followed by hairy seed red berries. Needs ample moisture in pink-flushed, white flowers appear in
pods. H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. summer. H to ½in (1cm), S 4in (10cm). leaf axils, followed by scarlet berries.
H 2–6in (5–15cm), S indefinite.
373
AD Z5–8 H8–5 BD H6–1 BEMt Z3–8 H8–1
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SMALL
WINTER/ALL YEAR
RED GRAY
Sedum lydium Acaena microphylla Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Nana’

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Compact, mat-forming perennial, Prostrate perennial with fernlike, silver
reddish stems and narrow, fleshy, often usually evergreen, with leaves divided foliage. Has insignificant sprays of
red-flushed leaves. Bears flat-topped, into tiny leaflets, bronze-tinged when daisylike, yellow flowers in summer. Is
terminal clusters of tiny, white flowers young. Heads of small flowers with suitable for a wall or bank. H 3in (8cm),
in summer. H 2in (5cm), S to 6in (15cm). spiny, dull red bracts are borne in S 8in (20cm).
summer and develop into decorative
burs. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
ADt Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z5–8 H8–5

Sedum obtusatum Raoulia hookeri var. albosericea

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with Evergreen, prostrate perennial with tiny
small, fat, succulent leaves that turn rosettes of silver leaves. Flower heads
bronze-red in summer. Loose, flat appear briefly in summer as fragrant,
sprays of tiny, bright yellow flowers yellow fluff. Is best in poor, gritty humus
are borne in summer. Dislikes summer in an alpine house. Dislikes winter wet.
wet. H 2in (5cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). H to ½in (1cm), S 10in (25cm).
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z8–9 H9–8
Jovibarba hirta Sedum spathulifolium Acaena caesiiglauca

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with Vigorous, groundcover perennial,
with rosettes of hairy, mid-green leaves, rosettes of fleshy, green or silver leaves, usually evergreen. Has hairy, glaucous
often suffused red, and terminal usually strongly suffused bronze-red, blue leaves divided into leaflets. Heads
clusters of star-shaped, pale yellow and small clusters of tiny, yellow flowers of small flowers with spiny, brownish-
flowers in summer. Dislikes winter borne just above foliage in summer. green bracts, borne in summer, develop
wet. H 3–6in (8–15cm), S 4in (10cm). Tolerates shade. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. into brownish-red burs. H 2in (5cm),
374
AD Z5–8 H8–5 ADt Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z6–9 H9–6
GREEN
Arabis procurrens ‘Variegata’

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
small, oval, green leaves, splashed
with cream. Bears small, white flowers
in spring and early summer. May
revert to type, with plain green
leaves. H ¾in (2cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z3–7 H8–1

Paronychia kapela Asarum europaeum Trifolium repens ‘Purpurascens’ Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ‘Point Reyes’
subsp. serpyllifolia (European wild ginger) Vigorous, semievergreen, groundcover Evergreen, prostrate shrub with long
Evergreen, very compact, mat-forming Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate, perennial, grown for its divided, shoots and glossy leaves. In late spring
perennial with minute, silver leaves. rhizomatous perennial with large, bronze-green foliage, variably edged and early summer bears terminal
Inconspicuous flowers, borne in kidney-shaped, leathery, glossy leaves bright green. Produces heads of small, clusters of urn-shaped, pale pink
summer, are surrounded by papery, that hide tiny, brown flowers appearing pealike, white blooms in summer. Suits a to white flowers, followed by red
silver bracts. Is good for covering tufa. in spring. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. wild bank. H in flower 3–5in (8–12cm), berries. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm).
H to ½in (1cm), S 8in (20cm). S 8–12in (20–30cm) or more.
AD Z8–10 H10–8 CE Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z4–8 H8–1 ADM Z2–6 H6–1
Sedum spathulifolium ‘Cape Blanco’ Pachysandra terminalis Sempervivum ciliosum

Evergreen perennial with rosettes of Evergreen, creeping perennial that Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
fleshy leaves, frequently suffused purple. has smooth leaves clustered at the with rosettes of hairy, gray-green
Tiny, yellow flowers appear above foliage ends of short stems. Bears spikes of leaves and, in summer, heads of small,
in summer. Tolerates shade. H 2in (5cm), tiny, white flowers, sometimes flushed star-shaped, yellow flowers. Dislikes
S indefinite. purple, in early summer. Makes excellent winter wet; is best grown in an alpine
groundcover in a moist or dry site. house. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 4in (10cm).
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
375
ADt Z5–9 H9–5 CD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–11 H12–7
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SMALL
WINTER/ALL YEAR
GREEN
Raoulia australis
Evergreen, carpeting perennial forming
a hard mat of gray-green leaves. Bears
tiny, fluffy, sulfur-yellow flower heads in
summer. H to ½in (1cm), S 10in (25cm).
AD Z8–9 H9–8

Azorella trifurcata Raoulia haastii Sagina boydii

Evergreen perennial forming tight, hard Evergreen perennial forming low, Evergreen perennial with hard cushions
cushions of tiny, leathery, oval leaves irregular hummocks of minute leaves of minute, stiff, bottle-green leaves in
in rosettes. Bears many small, stalkless that are apple-green in spring, dark small rosettes. Bears insignificant
umbels of yellow flowers in summer. green in fall and chocolate-brown in flowers in summer. Is difficult and
H to 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). winter. Occasionally has small, fluffy, slow-growing. H ½in (1cm),
yellow flower heads in summer. S to 8in (20cm).
H to ½in (1cm), S 10in (25cm).
AD Z6–7 H11–1 AD Z7–8 H8–7 AE Z5–7 H7–5
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Plantago nivalis Bolax gummifer

Evergreen, low-growing shrub with Evergreen perennial with neat rosettes Very slow-growing, evergreen perennial
arching, intertwining stems clothed in of thick, silver-haired, green leaves. with neat rosettes of small, blue-
small, oval, bright green leaves. Bears Bears spikes of insignificant, dull gray green leaves forming extremely hard
urn-shaped, pinkish-white flowers flowers in summer. Dislikes winter wet. cushions. Insignificant, yellow flowers
in summer followed by scarlet berries. H in leaf 1in (2.5cm), S 2in (5cm). are rarely produced. Grows well on
H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm). tufa. H 1in (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm).
376
ADM Z2–6 H6–1 AD Z6–7 H7–6 AD Z5–6 H6–5
YELLOW
HOUSELEEKS
The main attraction of houseleeks (Sempervivum) is their
colorful rosettes of leaves. These range from bright yellow,
through various shades of green, gray, pink, purple, red,
and orange, to almost black. The leaves may be dull or glossy,
or covered with soft down or longer hairs. Leaf shape can
also vary from short and succulent to long and tapering. The
rosettes are most striking in the spring and summer, but even
in the winter, many varieties remain attractively colored. It is
the endless range of different leaf shapes, shades, and textures
that make this group so interesting to enthusiasts. They do not
like damp or shady conditions, but thrive in well-drained soil
in full sun. Houseleeks are ideal for pots or sink gardens on
a south-facing patio, or can be planted out in rock gardens
or in the crevices of stone walls.
S. calcareum
S. ‘Rosie’ S. calcareum ‘Extra’
S. ‘Blood Tip’ S. tectorum S. arachnoideum

Sedum kamtschaticum ‘Variegatum’
Semievergreen, prostrate perennial
with fleshy, cream-edged leaves. Has
fleshy stems and leaf buds in winter
and loose, terminal clusters of orange-
flushed, yellow flowers in early fall.
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm).
ADt Z3–8 H8–1

S. giuseppii S. montanum
S. ‘Gulle Dame’
Saxifraga exarata subsp. moschata

‘Cloth of Gold’
Evergreen hummock-forming
perennial with small, soft rosettes of
bright golden foliage; produces best
color in shade. Has star-shaped, white
flowers on slender stems in summer.
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 6in (15cm).
377
BE Z5–7 H7–5
S. ‘Kappa’ S. ‘Gallivarda’
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BULBS
Bulbous plants are found throughout the world in habitats as
diverse as woodland and scrub, meadows, river banks, the edges
of streams, and rocky hills and mountains. There are bulbs to suit
every garden site and design, from the tiny Iris danfordiae for a
rock garden, to daffodils and tulips in beds and borders, and the
carpeting erythroniums or statuesque Cardiocrinum giganteum
for a woodland garden. Most have a distinct flowering season, yet
with careful planning it is possible to extend or enhance this
period of interest. Although most bloom in spring or early
summer, producing splashes of color before many shrubs
and perennials reach their peak, plant snowdrops for
late winter color, and colchicums, cyclamen, and some
crocuses to brighten a fall day.
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BULBS
Embracing a wide range of decorative plants, bulbs provide exciting SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP
effects throughout the year, with large drifts of snowdrops in late winter, Large Medium Small
daffodils and tulips in spring, the exquisite perfume of lilies and vibrant over 30in 9–30in up to 9in
(75cm) (23–75cm) (23cm)
dahlia colors in summer, and the spidery flowers of nerines in fall.
BULB DEFINITIONS What are bulbs? the following year, which is why the foliage
The term “bulb” can be used to describe all must not be cut down after flowering but
swollen, underground, food-storage organs, allowed to wither naturally.
Bulbs are divided into smaller plant
and includes true bulbs as well as corms, When below ground, bulbs are described
categories, including true bulbs, corms,
rhizomes, and tubers. True bulbs have fleshy as dormant, but they are, in fact, ripening
and tubers. All of these swollen,
underground, food-storage organs help scales—modified leaves or leaf bases—that and developing the following year’s flowers,
the bulb to survive periods of drought. overlap and are often enclosed in a papery and must be planted in a suitable site to
tunic, as in narcissi, or they may be naked thrive. Bulbs that originate from dry, hot
and loosely arranged like lily bulbs. climates, such as nerines and watsonias,
Corms are compressed and enlarged need warm, dry conditions when dormant
stem bases, usually enclosed in a fibrous or to aid ripening and flower formation,
papery tunic, as in the crocus. Each corm while those from woodlands or other
lasts one year, and is replaced by a new one damp, shaded habitats, such as bluebells
after flowering. Tubers, such as cyclamen, (Hyacinthoides) and snowdrops (Galanthus),
are solid, underground sections of modified require a cool, slightly moist spot.
stem or root and seldom possess scales or
tunics. Rhizomes are modified stems that Designing with bulbs
creep at or just below soil level, and may be There are bulbs to suit all garden designs
thin and wiry or swollen and fleshy. and planting styles. They range in size from
Bulb A few bulbs are evergreen, but most the tiny Iris danfordiae and fall daffodil

A true bulb is a storage organ made up of grow and bloom during a short season, (Sternbergia lutea), both suitable for a scree
stems and fleshy leaves inside. Examples and then die back to below ground level. or rock garden, to carpeting erythroniums
include daffodils, tulips, and eucomis (above).
Their leaves produce the food store for for the dappled shade of a woodland
garden, midrange alliums and tulips for a
BELOW Carpets of spring color hot, sunny border, and tall, slender regal
A selection of daffodils has been naturalized in the
grass beneath silver birches and spring-flowering lilies that produce highly scented flowers
trees, creating a sea of nodding yellow flowers. on stems up to 6ft (1.8m) in height. The
Corm
Swollen stems that have adapted to store
food are known as corms. They appear solid
throughout, and include crocuses (above).
Tuber
Tuberous plants have swollen underground
roots or stems. Examples include cyclamen,
dahlias (above), and begonias.
380
flower forms also lend themselves to certain LAYERING BULBS IN CONTAINERS
garden styles. Tulips with sculptural
cupped flowers planted en masse, and the Pots brimming with spring bulbs lift the spirits after a long winter, but you
sharp flower shapes of many dahlias, are need to plan ahead to create the most spectacular displays. In fall, look for
ideal for formal schemes, while the looser bulbs at garden centers or in mail-order catalogs, and check flowering times
flower forms of nectaroscordums and for a synchronized display of tulips, daffodils, and grape hyacinths (Muscari).
turkscap lilies, and arching spikes of
crocosmias create an informal look. Sod
spangled with crocuses or snake’s-head
fritillaries (Fritillaria meleagris) mimics
their wild habitat and provides early
color in naturalistic schemes.
Bulbs add seasonal color and interest
to mixed borders with annuals, shrubs, and
perennials. Daffodils (Narcissus), crown
imperials (Fritillaria imperialis), alliums,
and dahlias all blend well with other types
of plantings. Unscented lilies make good
partners for scented roses, while exotic- 1 Plant in layers
In fall, place crocks at the
bottom of a large pot and add
2 Cover the bulbs
Now place the next layer
of bulbs, such as tulips, between
looking cannas and alstroemerias add spice
a 2in (5cm) layer of gravel. the daffodil bulbs, and cover with
to a tropical design. If you can't squeeze
Then add a layer of good-quality more potting mix. Finally, add
bulbs into your border, many are perfectly potting mix. Place the largest small bulbs, like grape hyacinths,
at home in containers and baskets. bulbs—for example, daffodils— on this top layer, and cover with
on the surface and cover with potting mix. Press down lightly
Year-round interest more potting mix so that the with your hands, and leave the
Choose carefully, and you can have a bulb A multicolored display tips are just visible. pot in a sheltered sunny spot.
in flower for most of the year. The first to
appear in late winter are the snowdrops
(Galanthus) and winter aconites (Eranthis), flowering bulbs, such as Galtonia spectacle is over, select fall-flowering

while early narcissus, muscari, crocuses, candicans, most alliums, the Peruvian nerines, crocuses, colchicums, and
scillas, chionodoxas, dwarf iris, and daffodil (Hymenocallis narcissiflora), and cyclamen, and to end the year, use
Anemone blanda mark the onset of spring. ornithogalums offer colorful highlights. Cyclamen hederifolium, whose marbled
In mid-spring, fill your garden with These are followed in late summer by foliage often persists into winter.
vibrant yellow daffodils and bright tulips, gladioli, crinums, dahlias, and crocosmias, For scented bulbs, choose hyacinths,
or opt for the same plants in pastel shades— which may continue to bloom into the fall bluebells, and scented daffodils for spring,
the choice is vast for both genera. Summer- until the first frost. When the summer and lilies and crinums for summer displays.
NATURALIZING BULBS BULB PLANTING PLANNER
You can create spectacular effects by Type of bulb Planting time Planting depth Preferred conditions
naturalizing bulbs in a lawn or under trees.
Choose robust plants, such as snowdrops, Agapanthus spring 4in (10cm) Full sun in moist but well-drained soil
daffodils, and crocuses, which are able
to compete with tree roots and grass. To Allium fall 2–6in (5 –15cm) Full sun in moist but well-drained soil
achieve a natural, random effect, toss the Colchicum late summer 4in (10cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
bulbs in the air and plant them individually
where they fall. For each bulb, dig out a Crocus (spring) fall 3in (8cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
small plug of sod and soil, two to three Crocus (fall) late summer 3in (8cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
times the depth of the bulb. After flowering,
when the leaves have died, mow the grass. Cyclamen fall 4in (10cm) Partial shade in well-drained soil
Galanthus early fall 1–2in (2.5–5cm) Full sun or partial shade in moist soil that
does not dry out in summer
Hyacinthus fall 4in (10cm) Full sun or partial shade in moist, well-drained soil
Lilium fall 4–6in (10–15cm) Full sun or partial shade; most prefer acidic to
neutral, well-drained soil.
Muscari fall 2in (5cm) Full sun in well-drained soil
Narcissus fall 4–6in (10–15cm) Sun or partial shade in any reasonable,

well-drained garden soil
Tulipa late fall 3–6in (8–15cm) Full sun in well-drained soil 381
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LARGE
SPRING
WHITE PURPLE YELLOW
Fritillaria persica
Spring-flowering bulb with narrow,
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves along
stem. Produces a spike of 10–20 or
more narrow, bell-shaped, blackish-
or brownish-purple flowers, 5⁄8–¾in
(1.5–2cm) long. H to 5ft (1.5m),
S 4in (10cm).
AD Z6–8 H8–6

Ornithogalum magnum Fritillaria imperialis ‘Lutea’

Late spring-flowering bulb with linear, Spring-flowering bulb with whorls
gray-green basal leaves. Produces of lance-shaped, shiny, light green
upright, pyramid-shaped racemes leaves and a head of up to 8 pendent,
of small, star-shaped, white flowers, bell-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
with a green stripe on the reverse. to 2in (6cm) long, crowned by a tuft
H 24–32in (60–80cm), S 4in (10cm). of small, leaflike bracts. H 3ft (1m),
S 10in (25cm).
ADtZ5–9 H10–5 AD Z5–9 H9–4
Fritillaria verticillata Fritillaria persica ‘Ivory Bells’ Allium aflatunense Fritillaria raddeana
Spring-flowering bulb with slender Robust, late spring-flowering bulb Late spring-flowering bulb with Robust, spring-flowering bulb with
leaves in whorls up the stem, which with lance-shaped, glaucous, gray- strap-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. lance-shaped leaves in whorls on
bears a loose spike of 1–15 bell-shaped, green leaves on sturdy, upright Dense, spherical, terminal umbels lower half of stem. Has a head of up
white flowers, ¾–1½in (2–4cm) long stems. Produces a terminal raceme of small, star-shaped, lilac-purple to 20 widely conical, pale or greenish-
and checkered green or brown. of 10–30 pendent, bell-shaped, creamy- flowers are borne on sturdy stems. yellow flowers, 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) long,
H to 3ft (1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). white to greenish-white flowers. Seed heads may be dried for decorative topped by a “crown” of small leaves.
H 30–39in (75–100cm ), S 4in (10cm). use. H 32in (80cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). H to 3ft (1m), S 6–9in (15–23cm).
382
BD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z6–9 H9–6
SUMMER
ORANGE WHITE
Crinum x powellii ‘Album’

Late summer- or fall-flowering bulb,
with a long neck, producing a group of
semierect, strap-shaped leaves. Leafless
flower stems carry heads of fragrant,
widely funnel-shaped, white flowers.
H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
ADt Z7–10 H11–8

Fritillaria imperialis (Crown imperial) Crinum moorei
Spring-flowering bulb with glossy, Summer-flowering bulb with a long
pale green leaves carried in whorls neck, up to 3ft (1m) tall, and strap-
on leafy stems. Has up to 5 widely shaped, semierect, gray-green leaves
bell-shaped, orange flowers crowned at neck top. Leafless flower stems bear
by small, leaflike bracts. H to 5ft (1.5cm), heads of long-tubed, funnel-shaped,
S 9–12in (23–30cm). white to deep pink flowers. H 20–28in
(50–70cm), S 24in (60cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–4 ADtZ7–9 H12–7
Fritillaria recurva (Scarlet fritillary) Camassia leichtlinii Gladiolus murielae Galtonia candicans
Spring-flowering bulb with whorls Tuft-forming bulb with long, Mid-summer-flowering corm with a (Summer hyacinth)
of narrow, lance-shaped, gray-green narrow, erect, basal leaves. Each loose spike of up to 10 sweetly scented, Late summer- or fall-flowering
leaves. Bears a spike of up to 10 leafless stem bears a dense spike of hooded, funnel-shaped, maroon-eyed, bulb with widely strap-shaped, fleshy,
narrow, yellow-checkered, orange 6-petaled, star-shaped, bluish-violet white flowers. Has linear, pleated semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
or red flowers with flared tips. or white flowers, 1½–3in (4–8cm) leaves. Good for cutting. H 32in (80cm), Leafless stem has a spike of up to 30
H to 30in (1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). across, in summer. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2in (5cm). pendent, short-tubed, white flowers.
S 8–12in (20–30cm). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 7–9in (18–23cm).
383
AD Z6–9 H9–6 AE Z4–11 H11–1 AD Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z7–10 H10–7
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GLADIOLI
Comprising about 180 species, with over 10,000 hybrids
and cultivars for garden cultivation, exhibiting, and cutting,
gladioli are prized for their showy spikes of usually open,
funnel-shaped flowers. Gladiolus hybrids are divided into
the Grandiflorus Group, with long, densely packed flower G. ‘Her Majesty’
[Grandiflorus Group]
spikes, categorized as miniature, small, medium-sized,
large, or giant, according to the width of the lowest flowers,
and the Primulinus and Nanus Groups, which have loose
spikes of small flowers. Plant gladioli in borders or pots
for late spring to early fall displays, and store corms in a
frost-free place over winter. In cold areas, grow them by
a sheltered, sunny wall; winter-flowering South African
gladioli require a cool greenhouse. For more information,
see the Plant Dictionary.
G. ‘Purple Flora’
[Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘Columbine’ G. ‘Velvet Eyes’ G. ‘Blue Frost’

[Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘White Prosperity’ G. ‘Impressive’ [Nanus Group] G. ‘Nova Lux’

[Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group]
G. ‘Sancerre’ G. ‘Morning Gold’ G. ‘Green Woodpecker’ G. ‘Drama’ [large]

[Grandiflorus Group] [Grandiflorus Group] [medium]
G. x colvillii ‘The Bride’ G. ‘White Ice’ [medium] G. ‘Wine and Roses’

[Nanus Group] [Grandiflorus Group]
384
G. ‘Nymph’ [Nanus Group] G. ‘Oscar’ [Grandiflorus Group] G. ‘Stella’ [Grandiflorus Group] G. ‘Peter Pears’ [large]
LARGE
SUMMER
WHITE PINK
Allium ‘Mount Everest’ Crinum x powellii

Late spring to early summer-flowering Late summer- or fall-flowering bulb
bulb with sturdy stems bearing spherical with a long neck producing a group
umbels, 5–6in (12–15cm ) in diameter, of strap-shaped, semierect leaves.
of tiny star-shaped, white flowers, with Leafless flower stems bear heads of
green stamens. The basal strap-shaped, fragrant, widely funnel-shaped, pink
semierect, leaves are grayish-green. flowers. H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
H 3½ft (1.1m), S 6in (15cm).
ADZ4–9 H9–1 ADt Z7–10 H11–8

Nectaroscordum siculum
subsp. bulgaricum
Late spring- to early summer-flowering
bulb with pendent, bell-shaped, white
flowers, flushed purple-red and green.
In seed, stalks bend upward, holding
dry seed pods erect. H to 4ft (1.2m),
S 12–18in (30–45cm).
BE Z6–10 H10–1
Cardiocrinum giganteum Polianthes tuberosa ‘The Pearl’ Nomocharis pardanthina Watsonia meriana
(Giant lily) Late summer-flowering, rhizomatous Summer-flowering bulb with stems Clump-forming, summer-flowering
Sturdy, leafy-stemmed bulb. In summer perennial. Sweetly scented, flared, bearing whorls of lance-shaped leaves corm with sword-shaped, erect leaves
has long spikes of fragrant, slightly funnel-shaped, double, white flowers are and up to 15 outward-facing, white at base, with smaller, sheathlike leaves
pendent, cream flowers, 6in (15cm) borne in pairs above long, lance-shaped, or pale pink flowers, each with purple on the stem. Produces a loose spike of
long, with purple-red streaks inside, upright, basal leaves. Keep tuber dry blotches and a dark purple eye. trumpet-shaped flowers, 2–2½in (5–6cm)
then brown seed pods. H to 10ft (3m), when dormant. H 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm). H to 3ft (1m), S 5–6in (12–15cm). long, in bright pink to vivid orange or
S 2½–3½ft (75cm–1.1m). red. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm).
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BE Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z7–11 H11–7 BE Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z9–10 H10–9
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LARGE
SUMMER
PINK RED
Dracunculus vulgaris
(Dragon’s arum)
Spring- and summer-flowering tuber
with deeply divided leaves at apex of
thick, blotched stem. A blackish-maroon
spadix protrudes from a deep maroon
spathe, 14in (35cm) long. H to 3ft (1m),
S 1½–2ft (45–60cm).
ADt Z8–10 H10–8

Dierama pulcherrimum Watsonia pillansii Gloriosa superba ‘Rothschildiana’

Upright, summer-flowering corm Summer-flowering corm with long, (Glory lily)
with long, narrow, straplike, evergreen sword-shaped, erect leaves, some Deciduous, summer-flowering, tuberous,
leaves, above which rise elegant, basal and some on stem. Stem tendril climber. Upper leaf axils each
arching, wiry stems bearing funnel- carries a dense, branched spike of bear a large flower that has 6 reflexed,
shaped, deep pink flowers. Prefers deep, tubular, orange-red flowers, each red petals with scalloped, yellow edges.
rich soil. H to 5ft (1.5m), S to 24in (60cm). 2½–3in (6–8cm) long, with 6 short H to 6ft (2m), S 1–1½ft (30–45cm).
lobes. H to 3ft (1m), S 1–1½ft (30–45cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC).
AE Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z11–13 H12–6 ADt Z8–10 H11–7
Notholirion campanulatum Watsonia borbonica Scadoxus multiflorus Dahlia ‘Hillcrest Royal’

Early summer-flowering bulb with Very robust, summer-flowering corm subsp. katherinae (Blood lily) Medium-flowered cactus dahlia
long, narrow leaves in a basal tuft. with narrowly sword-shaped leaves Very robust, clump-forming bulb producing rich purple flowers,
Leafy stem bears a spike of 10–40 both at base and on stem. Produces with lance-shaped, wavy-edged with incurving petals, held on
pendent, funnel-shaped flowers, each a loose, branched spike of rich pink leaves. Bears an umbel of up to 200 strong stems in summer–fall.
1½–2in (4–5cm) long, with green-tipped, flowers, with 6 spreading, pointed, red flowers in summer. H to 4ft (1.2m), H 3½ft (1.1m), S 24in (60cm).
deep rose-purple petals. H to 3ft (1m), rose-red lobes. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 1–1½ft (30–45cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
S 3–4in (8–10cm). S 1½–2ft (45–60cm).
386
BD Z7–10 H10–7 AD Z11–13 H12–6 BD Z14–15 H12–10 AD Z9–11 H11–1
ALSTROEMERIAS
Commonly known as the Peruvian lily, lily of the Incas,
or parrot lily, these South American tuberous perennials
are prized for their delicate funnel-shaped blooms in
yellow, orange, pink, red, white, or purple, with decorative
markings in contrasting colors. They also have an
exceptionally long flowering season, from mid-summer
to the first frost, and make excellent cut flowers. Most
suppliers offer plants, rather than tubers, which are best
planted in spring after the last frost in a sunny site and
free-draining soil, giving the roots time to establish
before winter. Young plants are vulnerable to cold, wet
conditions—protect them in winter with a thick mulch
of well-rotted compost or manure.
A. PRINCESS JULIETA (‘Zaprijul’) t A. PRINCESS ARIANE (‘Zapriari’) t
A. ‘Elvira’ t A. ‘Polka’ t A. ‘Friendship’ t
A. ‘Apollo’ t A. ‘Tara’ t
A. ‘Blushing Bride’ t A. ‘Serenade’ t A. aurea ‘Orange King’ t
A. ‘Moulin Rouge’ t A. ‘Red Beauty’ t
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A. INCA ICE (‘Koice’) t A. psittacina t A. INCA TROPIC (‘Kotrop’) t
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LILIES
Lilies (Lilium species and cultivars) make elegant additions
to summer borders and containers. Their flamboyant flowers
range from nodding, upright, and trumpet-shaped forms, to
turkscaps with recurved petals. The blooms are often spotted
with a darker or contrasting color, or have conspicuous
stamens. Many lilies have a powerful, sweet fragrance, most L. ‘Casa Blanca’
notably the Oriental and Longiflorum hybrids, although a

few species are unpleasantly scented. The hybrids thrive
in sun and well-drained soil, and are available in a dazzling
array of colors, from white, pink, and red, to shades of
yellow and orange. Lily species prefer partially-shaded sites;
some also require acidic soil. Leave plants undisturbed once
established, as the bulbs are easily damaged. For more
information, see the Plant Dictionary.
L. martagon var. album L. TRIUMPHATOR (‘Zanlophator’)
L. ‘White Heaven’
L. ‘Sterling Star’ L. ‘Mona Lisa’
L. ‘Olivia’ L. ‘Black Magic’ L. ‘Lady Alice’
L. ‘Arena’ L. ‘Nymph’
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L. longiflorum L. auratum var. platyphyllum L. regale L. ‘Altari’
L. ‘Tom Pouce’ L. ‘Rosita’ L. ‘Sumatra’
L. ‘Elodie’
L. ‘Miss Lucy’ L. ‘Côte d’Azur’ L. ‘Star Fighter’
L. rubellum L. mackliniae L. cernuum
L. ‘Sweet Lord’
L. ‘Tiger Woods’ L. ‘Black Out’
389
L. martagon L. lankongense L. ‘Journey’s End’ L. ‘Netty’s Pride’
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L. canadense
L. ‘Conca d’Or’ L. pyrenaicum L. ‘Bright Star’ L. leichtlinii
L. ‘Rosemary North’ L. superbum L. rosthornii
L. ‘Connecticut King’
L. medeoloides L. pardalinum subsp. wigginsii
L. regale ‘Royal Gold’ L. monadelphum
390
L. ‘Limelight’ L. Citronella Group L ‘Roma’ L. ‘Boogie Woogie’
L. ‘Apollo’ L. African Queen Group
L. hansonii L. pyrenaicum f. rubrum L. ‘Crimson Pixie’ L. bulbiferum var. croceum L. henryi
L. ‘Orange Pixie’ L. ‘Grand Cru’ L. ‘Red Carpet’ L. tsingtauense
L. ‘Lady Bowes Lyon’ L. ‘Enchantment’ L. lancifolium ‘Splendens’ L. chalcedonicum
L. ‘Orange Electric’
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L. pomponium L. ‘Karen North’ L. pardalinum L. ‘Gran Paradiso’
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LARGE
SUMMER
PURPLE
Dierama pendulum
(Angel’s fishing rod, wand flower)
Clump-forming, late summer-flowering
corm with arching, basal leaves. Bears
pendulous, loose racemes of bell-
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers,
1in (2.5cm) long. H to 5ft (1.5m),
S 6–8in (15–20cm).
AE Z7–9 H9–7

Allium giganteum Allium ‘Globemaster’ Allium atropurpureum

Robust, summer-flowering bulb with Summer-flowering bulb with dense Summer-flowering bulb with compact,
long, wide, semierect, basal leaves. spherical umbels, 6–8in (15–20cm) domed umbels, 3in (8cm) wide, of small,
Produces a sturdy stem with a dense, across, of small, star-shaped, deep violet star-shaped, deep red-purple flowers
spherical umbel, 5in (12cm) across, of flowers. Has strap-shaped, semierect, borne from early to mid-summer. Basal
50 or more star-shaped, purple flowers. glossy, gray-green, basal leaves. leaves are strap-shaped, semierect and
H to 6ft (2m), S 12–14in (30–35cm). H 32in (80cm), S 8in (20cm). gray-green. H 32in (80cm), S 4in (10cm).
ADt Z6–10 H9–5 AD Z6–10 H8–1 ADZ4–7 H8–1
Allium ‘Purple Sensation’ Allium ‘Gladiator’ Dichelostemma congestum

Early summer-flowering bulb with Summer-flowering bulb with long, Early summer-flowering bulb with
long, strap-shaped, semierect, gray- strap-shaped, semierect, gray-green, semierect, basal leaves dying
green, basal leaves. Produces spherical basal leaves. Produces large, densely away when a dense head of funnel-
umbels of 50 or more star-shaped, packed, spherical umbels of star-shaped, shaped, purple flowers, each 5⁄8–¾in
rich purple flowers on sturdy stems lilac-purple flowers on sturdy stems in (1.5–2cm) long, appears. H to 3ft (1m),
in early summer. Is good for cut summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 8in (20cm). S 3–4in (8–10cm).
flowers. H 32in (80cm), S 3in (7cm).
392
AD Z4–9 H9–1 ADZ5–9 H9–1 AD Z6–10 H10–6
BLUE GREEN YELLOW
Arisaema consanguineum
Summer-flowering tuber with robust,
spotted stems and erect, umbrella-like
leaves with narrow leaflets. Produces
purplish-white- or white-striped, green
spathes, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, and
bright red berries. H to 3ft (1m),
S 1–1½ft (30–45cm).
BDt Z5–9 H9–7

Aristea capitata Lilium Golden Splendor Group
Robust, evergreen, clump-forming Vigorous, variable Division 6a lilies.
rhizome with sword-shaped, erect In mid-summer, strong, sturdy stems
leaves, to 1in (2.5cm) across, and produce umbels of large, scented,
dense spikes of purple-blue flowers shallowly trumpet-shaped, almost
on short stalks in summer. H to 3ft (1m), bowl-shaped flowers in shades of yellow
S 1½–2ft (45–60cm). with dark burgundy-red bands outside.
H 4–6ft (1.2–2m ), S 12in (30cm).
AD 9–11 11–9 AD Z5–8 H8–1
Neomarica caerulea Galtonia viridiflora Moraea huttonii Zantedeschia elliottiana

Summer-flowering rhizome with Clump-forming, summer-flowering Summer-flowering corm with long, (Golden calla)
sword-shaped, semierect leaves in bulb with widely strap-shaped, fleshy, narrow, semierect, basal leaves. Tough Summer-flowering tuber with heart-
basal fans. Stems each bear a leaflike semi-erect, basal, gray-green leaves. stem bears a succession of iris-like, shaped, semierect, basal leaves with
bract and a succession of iris-like, blue Leafless stem bears a spike of up to yellow flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, transparent marks. Bears a 6in (15cm)
flowers, with white, yellow and brown 30 pendent, short-tubed, funnel-shaped, with brown marks near the center. long, yellow spathe surrounding a
central marks. H to 3ft (1m), S 3–5ft pale green flowers. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), H 2½–3ft (75cm–1m), S 6–10in (15–25cm). yellow spadix. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
(1–1.5m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 7–9in (18–23cm). S 1½–2ft (45–60cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
393
BE H11–10 AD Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z9–10 H10–9 ADt Z8–10 H10–1
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CANNAS
Grown as much for their dramatic foliage as for their
flamboyant flowers, cannas are ideal for lush tropical
planting schemes, as an accent plant in a border, or as
a bold addition to container displays. Large paddle- or
broadly lance-shaped leaves are produced in a range of
colors, from green to dark maroon, and many are striped
or variegated, while the vibrant red, orange, or yellow
flowers bloom for many months from summer to early fall.
Plant these tender South American rhizomatic perennials
after the last frost in spring in fertile soil and full sun—they
require heat to flower well. In fall, cut down the stems and
leaves when frost blackens the foliage, and store the
rhizomes in a frost-free place over winter.
C. ‘Striata’ C. ‘Stuttgart’
C. ‘Lucifer’ C. ‘Ambassadour’ C. x ehemanii
C. ‘Brillant’ C. ‘Wyoming’
C. ‘Picasso’
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C. ‘Richard Wallace’ C. ‘Louis Cottin’ C. ‘Königin Charlotte’ C. ‘Durban’
LARGE
SUMMER FALL
ORANGE WHITE PINK
Canna iridiflora Littonia modesta Amaryllis belladonna ‘Hathor’ x Amarcrinum memoria-corsii

Very robust, spring- or summer- Deciduous, summer-flowering, Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy, Evergreen, clump-forming bulb with
flowering, rhizomatous perennial tuberous, scandent climber with purple stem bearing fragrant, pure wide, semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy
with broad, oblong leaves and spikes slender stems and lance-shaped leaves white flowers, 4in (10cm) long, with stems carry fragrant, rose-pink flowers
of pendent, long-tubed, reddish-pink with tendrils at apex. Leaf axils bear yellow throats. Strap-shaped, semi- in loose heads in late summer and fall.
or orange flowers, each 4–6in (10–15cm) bell-shaped, pendent, orange flowers, erect, basal leaves appear in late H and S to 3ft (1m).
long, with reflexed petals. H 10ft (3m), 1½–2in (4–5cm) across. H 3–6ft (1–2m), winter or spring. H 20–32in (50–80cm),
S 1½–2ft (45–60cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm). Min. 61ºF (16ºC). S 12–18in (30–45cm).
AE Z8–11 H11–1 AD H11–10 ADt Z7–10 H11–7 AD Z13–15 H12–9

Gladiolus papilio x Amarygia parkeri
Clump-forming, summer- or fall- Early fall-flowering bulb. Sturdy stem
flowering corm with stolons. Bears carries a large head of funnel-shaped,
up to 10 yellow or white flowers, deep rose flowers with yellow and
suffused violet, with hooded, upper white throats. Produces strap-shaped,
petals and darker yellow patches on semierect, basal leaves after flowering.
lower petals. H to 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm). H to 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m).
AD Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z9–11 H12–9
Zantedeschia ‘Cameo’ Dietes bicolor Amaryllis belladonna

Summer-flowering, tuberous perennial Evergreen, tuft-forming, summer- (Belladonna lily)
with arrow-shaped, erect, white-spotted, flowering rhizome with tough, long and Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy, purple
mid-green leaves. Produces long-lasting, narrow, erect, basal leaves. Branching stem bearing fragrant, funnel-shaped,
peach to salmon-orange spathes each stems each bear a succession of flattish, pink flowers, 4in (10cm) long. Forms
with a dark maroon eye. H 28in (70cm), iris-like, pale to mid-yellow flowers; strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
S 8in (20cm). each large petal has a brown patch. after flowering. H 20–32in (50–80cm),
H to 3ft (1m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm). S 12–18in (30–45cm).
395
AEt Z8–10 H10–1 AD Z8–10 H10–8 ADt Z7–10 H11–7
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DAHLIAS
The wide spectrum of dahlia hybrids offers a bold display of color and form
from summer to the first frosts of fall. Flower colors range from deep red,
crimson, purple, mauve, and vibrant pink, to white, apricot, orange, bronze,
and bright scarlet, while the blooms range from tiny 2-in (5-cm) pompons to
huge exhibition blooms more than 10in (25cm) across.
Dahlias flower prolifically—in the right conditions, a single plant may produce
up to 100 blooms. They make beautiful border plants, compact types are ideal
for containers, and all are good for cutting. In addition, no special skills are
required to grow them, but protect the tubers from frost. The flower types
below indicate the recognized groups.
Single—flowers usually Ball—spherical, fully

have 8–10 broad petals double flowers, sometimes
surrounding an open, slightly flattened on top,
central disk. with densely packed, D. ‘Eveline’ [decorative]
almost tubular, petals.
Anemone—fully double Pompon—a miniature

flowers each with one or form of ball flowers, but
more rings of flattened more spherical in shape,
ray petals surrounding with fully double flowers
a dense group of shorter, no more than 2in (5cm)
tubular petals, usually in diameter. D. ‘Trelyn Kiwi’ [semi-cactus] D. ‘White Moonlight’
longer than petals of [semi-cactus]
single dahlias.
Collarette—single Cactus—fully double

flowers with 8–10 broad, flowers have narrow,
outer petals, and an inner pointed petals that can be
“collar” of smaller petals straight or curl inward
surrounding an open, and have recurved edges
central disk. for more than two-thirds
of their length.
Water-lily—fully double Semi-cactus—fully

flowers with large, double flowers similar
generally sparse ray to cactus types, but with
petals, which are flat or broader-based petals,
with slightly incurved the edges of which are
or recurved margins, generally recurved
giving the flower a toward their tips.
flat appearance.
D. ‘Café au Lait’ [decorative]
Decorative—fully double Miscellaneous—flowers

flowers with no visible that fall into a wide range
central disk, and broad, of unclassified types,
flat petals, sometimes including peony-like
twisted, that incurve (shown right), single,
slightly at their margins. and double forms.
D. ‘Small World’ [pompon]
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D. ‘B.J. Beauty’ [decorative] D. ‘White Alva’s’ [cactus] D. ‘White Klankstad’ [cactus] D. ‘White Ballet’ [collerette] D. ‘Jura’ [semi-cactus]
D. ‘Brian’s Dream’ [decorative] D. ‘Roxy’ [single] D. coccinea [single]
D. ‘Lilac Marston’ [decorative] D. ‘Sorbet’ [semi-cactus] D. ‘Tiptoe’ [decorative]
D. ‘Carolina Moon’ [decorative] D. ‘Hillcrest Jessica’ [decorative]
D. ‘Gerrie Hoek’ [water-lily] D. ‘Franz Kafka’ [pompon] D. ‘New Dimension’ [cactus] D. ‘Karma Choc’ [decorative] D. ‘Bishop of Auckland’ [single]
D. ‘Ruskin Charlotte’ D. ‘Ryecroft Gem’ [decorative] D. ‘Berwick Wood’ [decorative]

[semi-cactus]
D. ‘Sascha’ [water-lily] D. ‘Mermaid of Zennor’ [single] D. ‘Natal’ [pompon]
397
D. ‘Gallery Art Nouveau’ [decorative] D. ‘Wootton Cupid’ [ball] D. ‘Cornel’ [ball] D. ‘Arabian Night’ [decorative]
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D. ‘Preston Park’ [single] D. ‘Bishop of Llandaff’

[miscellaneous]
D. ‘Comet’ [anemone] D. ‘Chimborazo’ [collerette] D. ‘Akita’ [miscellaneous] D. ‘Hamari Gold’ [decorative]
D. ‘Zorro’ [decorative] D. ‘Black Narcissus’ D. ‘Alva’s Supreme’ [decorative] D. ‘Kenora Superb’ D. ‘Biddenham Sunset’ D. ‘Charlie Dimmock’
[semi-cactus.] [semi-cactus] [decorative] [water-lily]
D. ‘Hamari Katrina’ D. ‘Trengrove Millennium’ D. ‘Hexton Copper’ [ball]

[semi-cactus] [decorative]
D. ‘Hamari Accord’ D. ‘Moonglow’ [cactus] D. ‘Bishop of York’ [single] D. ‘Ellen Huston’ D. ‘Oosterbeck Remembered’
[semi-cactus] [miscellaneous] [semi-cactus]
D. ‘Onslow Renown’
[semi-cactus]
398
D. ‘Yellow Hammer’ [single] D. ‘Wootton Impact’ [semi-cactus] D. HAPPY SINGLE FIRST LOVE [single] D. ‘So Dainty’ [semi-cactus]
MEDIUM
SPRING
WHITE
Pamianthe peruviana
Evergreen, spring-flowering bulb with
a stemlike neck and semierect leaves
with drooping tips. Stem has a head of
2–4 fragrant, white flowers, each with a
bell-shaped cup and 6 spreading petals.
H 20in (50cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm).
Min. 54ºF (12ºC).
BD H11–8

Ornithogalum nutans Erythronium californicum
Late spring-flowering bulb with 1-sided ‘White Beauty’
racemes of semipendent, funnel-shaped, Vigorous, clump-forming tuber with
silvery-white flowers, with a broad pale basal, mottled leaves. In spring has
green stripe down the center of each a loose spike of 1–10 reflexed, white
petal. Strap-shaped, semierect, mid- flowers, each with a brown ring near
green leaves each have a central, silver the center. Spreads rapidly. H 8–12in
stripe. H 10in (25cm), S 2in (5cm). (20–30cm), S 4–5in (10–12cm).
ADt Z4–9 H9–5 BD Z3–9 H9–1
Allium neapolitanum Calochortus venustus Bellevalia romana Erythronium oregonum

Spring-flowering bulb with narrow, Late spring-flowering bulb with 1 or 2 Late spring-flowering bulb with loose Clump-forming, spring-flowering
semierect leaves on the lower quarter narrow, erect leaves near the base of conical racemes of bell-shaped, lightly tuber with 2 semierect, mottled, basal
of flower stems. Stems each develop the branched stem. Bears 1–4 white, fragrant, white flowers, 3⁄8in (8mm) long, leaves. Has up to 3 pendent, white
an umbel, 2–4in (5–10cm) across, of up yellow, purple or red flowers, with a aging to purplish-brown. Strap-shaped, flowers, with yellow eyes and often
to 40 white flowers. H 8–20in (20–50cm), dark red, yellow-margined blotch on basal leaves are erect and mid-green. brown rings near center; petals reflex
S 4–5in (10–12cm). each large petal. H 8–24in (20–60cm), H 12in (30cm), S 3in (8cm). as flowers open. Increases rapidly by
S 2–4in (5–10cm). offsets. H to 14in (35cm), S 5in (12cm).
399
ADt Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z6–10 H10–6 ADt Z7–9 H9–7 BD Z3–9 H9–1
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TULIPS
Tulips are excellent in the rock garden, in formal bedding,
as elegant cut flowers, and for containers. Their bold flowers
are generally simple in outline and held upright, often with
bright, strong colors. Many of the species deserve to be
more widely grown alongside the large variety of hybrids
currently available. Tulipa is classified in 15 divisions, which T. ‘White Dream’ t T. ‘White Triumphator’ t T. ‘Purissima’ t
[Div. 3] [Div. 6] [Div. 13]
are described below.
Div. 1 Single early—cup-shaped, single flowers, often opening

wide in sun, are borne from early to mid-spring.
Div. 2 Double early—long-lasting, double flowers open wide in

early and mid-spring.
Div. 3 Triumph—sturdy stems bear rather conical, single flowers,

becoming more rounded, in mid- and late spring.
T. turkestanica t
Div. 4 Darwin hybrids—large, single flowers are borne on strong [Div. 15]
stems from mid- to late spring.
Div. 5 Single late—single flowers, usually with pointed petals,

are borne in late spring and very early summer.
Div. 6 Lily-flowered—strong stems bear narrow-waisted, single

flowers, with long, pointed, often reflexed petals, in late spring.
Div. 7 Fringed—flowers are similar to those in Div. 6, but have

fringed petals.
T. ‘Spring Green’ t
Div. 8 Viridiflora—variable, single flowers, with partly greenish [Div. 8]
petals, are borne in late spring.
Div. 9 Rembrandt—flowers are similar to those in Div. 6, but have

striped or feathered patterns caused by viruses, and appear in late spring.
Div. 10 Parrot—has large, variable, single flowers, with frilled or fringed

and usually twisted petals, in late spring.
Div. 11 Double late (peony-flowered—usually bowl-shaped, double

flowers appear in late spring.
T. saxatilis t T. ‘Shirley’ t T. ‘China Pink’ t
Div. 12 Kaufmanniana hybrids—single flowers are usually bicolored, [Div. 15] [Div. 3] [Div. 6]
open flat in sun and appear in early spring; leaves often mottled or striped.
Div. 13 Fosteriana hybrids—large, single flowers open wide in the

sun from early to mid-spring. Leaves are often mottled or striped.
Div. 14 Greigii hybrids—large, single flowers appear in mid- and

late spring. Mottled or striped leaves are often wavy-edged.
Div. 15 Miscellaneous—a diverse category of other species and their

cultivars and hybrids. Flowers appear in spring and early summer.
T. ‘Albert Heijn’ t T. ‘Dreamland’ t
[Div. 13] [Div. 5]
T. ‘Carnaval de Nice’ t T. ‘Bird of Paradise’ t

[Div. 11] [Div. 10]
400
T.‘Ballade’ t [Div. 6] T. ‘Estella Rijnveld’ t [Div. 10] T. ‘Groenland’ t [Div. 8] T. ‘Esperanto’ t [Div. 8]
T. ‘Bellona’ t T. kaufmanniana t T. clusiana var. chrysantha t

[Div. 1] [Div. 15] [Div. 15]
T. ‘Red Riding Hood’ t T. ‘Maja’ t T. ‘Apeldoorn’s Elite’ t T. ‘Candela’ t

[Div. 14] [Div. 7] [Div. 4] [Div. 13]
T. orphanidea t Tulipa sprengeri t T. ‘Negrita’ t T. ‘Prinses Irene’ t

[Div. 15] [Div. 15] [Div. 3] [Div. 1]
T. ‘Madame Lefèber’ t Tulipa ‘Uncle Tom’ t T. ‘Queen of Night’ t T. ‘Golden Apeldoorn’ t T. ‘Glück’ t
[Div. 13] [Div. 11] [Div. 5] [Div. 4] [Div. 12]
T. praestans ‘Unicum’ t T. ‘Blue Parrot’ t T. ‘Dreaming Maid’ t T. sylvestris t T. ‘Menton’ t

[Div. 15] [Div. 10] [Div. 3] [Div. 15] [Div. 5]
T. ‘Artist’ t T. acuminata t
[Div. 8] [Div. 15]
401
T. ‘Abu Hassan’ t [Div. 3] T. ‘Black Hero’ t [Div. 11] T. ‘Ballerina’ t [Div. 6]
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MEDIUM
SPRING
PINK RED
Anemone pavonina Sprekelia formosissima

Leafy tuber with cup-shaped, single, (Aztec lily, Jacobean lily)
dark-centered, scarlet, purple or blue Clump-forming, spring-flowering
flowers rising above divided, frilly bulb with semierect, basal leaves.
leaves in early spring. H 16in (40cm), Stem bears a deep red flower, 5in (12cm)
S 8in (20cm). wide, that has 6 narrow petals with
green-striped bases. H 6–14in (15–35cm),
S 5–6in (12–15cm).
ADt Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z13–15 H12–10

Erythronium hendersonii
Spring-flowering tuber with 2 semierect,
basal, brown- and green-mottled leaves.
Flower stem carries up to 10 lavender
or lavender-pink flowers, with reflexed
petals and deep purple, central eyes.
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4–5in (10–12cm).
BD Z3–9 H9–1
Allium unifolium Fritillaria meleagris

Late spring-flowering bulb with one (Snake’s-head fritillary)
semierect, basal, gray-green leaf. Spring-flowering bulb with slender
Each flower stem carries a domed stems producing scattered, narrow,
umbel, 2in (5cm) across, of up to gray-green leaves. Has solitary
30 purplish-pink flowers. H to 12in bell-shaped, prominently checkered
(30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). flowers, in shades of pinkish-purple or
white. H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
402
ADt Z4–9 H9–1 AE Z4–9 H8–2
PURPLE BLUE
Fritillaria camschatcensis Anemone coronaria De Caen Group

(Black sarana) ‘Mister Fokker’
Spring-flowering bulb. Sturdy stems Spring-flowering perennial with
carry lance-shaped, glossy leaves, a knobby tuber. Bears shallowly
mostly in whorls. Bears up to 8 deep cup-shaped, single, violet-blue flowers,
blackish-purple or brown flowers. with black stamens, above rounded,
Needs rich soil. H 6–24in (15–60cm), divided, finely lobed, semierect, basal
S 3–4in (8–10cm). leaves. H 10in (25cm), S 3in (8cm).
BD Z4–8 H8–2 AD Z8–11 H11–8

Sauromatum venosum (Voodoo lily) Muscari latifolium Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Blue Jacket’
Early spring-flowering tuber. Bears Spring-flowering bulb with one strap- Mid-spring-flowering bulb with a dense,
a large, acrid, purple-spotted spathe, shaped, semierect, basal, gray-green cylindrical spike of highly fragrant,
then a lobed leaf on a long, spotted leaf. Has a dense spike of tiny, bell- bell-shaped, waxy, navy-blue flowers
stalk. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 12–14in shaped, blackish-violet to -blue flowers with purple veining. Has lance-shaped,
(30–35cm). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC). with constricted mouths; upper ones are channeled, erect, bright green, basal
paler and smaller. H to 10in (25cm), leaves. H 10in (25cm), S 3in (8cm).
S 2–3in (5–8cm).
BD Z7–10 H12–10 AD Z4–8 H8–1 BDt Z5–9 H9–1
Fritillaria pyrenaica Hyacinthoides x massartiana Hyacinthoides non-scripta Ixiolirion tataricum

Spring-flowering bulb with scattered, (Spanish bluebell) (English bluebell) Spring- to early summer-flowering
lance-shaped leaves, often rather Spring-flowering bulb with strap- Tuft-forming, spring-flowering bulb bulb with long, narrow, semierect leaves
narrow. Develops 1, or rarely 2, shaped, glossy leaves and pendent, with strap-shaped leaves. An erect stem, on the lower part of stem. Has
broadly bell-shaped flowers with bell-shaped, blue, white or pink flowers. arching at the apex, bears fragrant, blue, a loose cluster of blue flowers with
flared-tipped, checkered, deep H to 12in (30cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). pink or white flowers. H to 16in (40cm), a darker, central line along each petal.
brownish- or blackish-purple petals. S to 3in (8cm). H to 16in (40cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
403
AD Z6–8 H8–6 BEt Z4–10 H9–1 BEt Z4–10 H9–1 AD Z10–11 H11–7
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DAFFODILS
Narcissus species and hybrids grace the garden from early to late spring
with diverse flowers, ranging from the tiny Cyclamineus types, with their
swept-back petals, to the stately trumpet daffodils. Some are also scented,
including the Poeticus, Jonquilla, and many of the small-flowered forms.
Daffodils can be naturalized to form a carpet in grass or a wild garden,
or used to brighten up beds and borders, but dwarf forms are best in N. ‘Dove Wings’ t [Div. 6] N. ‘Ice Follies’ t [Div. 2]
rock or gravel gardens, or planted in pots and troughs.

The genus is classified in 13 divisions. Their flower forms are illustrated
below, with the exception of Div. 12, miscellaneous, and Div. 13, which
comprise mostly wild species. Both have varying flowers, including hoop-
petticoat forms, and are produced between fall and early summer.
Div. 1 Trumpet—usually Div. 7 Jonquilla and

solitary flowers, each with Apodanthus—sweetly
a trumpet that is as long scented flowers, usually
as, or longer than, the 1–5 per stem. Cups are N. ‘Actaea’ t [Div. 9] N. ‘Canaliculatus’ t [Div. 8]
petals. Early to late short, sometimes flanged;
spring-flowering. petals are often flat, fairly
broad, and rounded. Mid-
to late spring-flowering.
Div. 2 Large-cupped— Div. 8 Tazetta—clusters

solitary flowers, each of 12 or more small, fragrant
with a cup at least one- flowers per stem, or 3 or 4
third the length of, but large ones. Cups are small
shorter than, the petals. and often straight-sided;
Spring-flowering. petals are broad and mostly
pointed. Late autumn- to
mid-spring-flowering.
Div. 3 Small-cupped— Div. 9 Poeticus—1–2

flowers are often borne flowers per stem, each
singly, each with a cup with a small, colored cup
not more than one-third and glistening white petals.
the length of the petals. Most are sweetly scented.
Spring- or early Late spring- or early
summer-flowering. summer-flowering.
Div. 4 Double—most Div. 10 Bulbocodium—

have solitary large, fully or flowers usually borne N. ‘Mount Hood’ t [Div. 1]
semi-double flowers with singly on very short
the cup and petals, or just stems, with insignificant
the cup, replaced by petaloid petals and large, widely
structures. Some have flaring cups. Winter- to
smaller flowers in clusters spring-flowering.
of 4 or more. Spring- or
early summer-flowering.
Div. 11 Split-cupped—
usually solitary flowers
Div. 5 Triandrus— with cups split along more
2–6 nodding flowers per than half their length.
stem, each with a short, Spring-flowering.
sometimes straight-sided N. ‘Cheerfulness’ t [Div. 4] N. ‘Empress of Ireland’ t
cup and narrow, reflexed [Div. 1]
(a) Collar—wide cup
petals. Spring-flowering.
segments lie back on
the petals.
Div. 6 Cyclamineus— (b) Papillon—narrower

usually 1 or 2 flowers per cup segments have tips
stem with cups that are arranged at the margin
sometimes flanged and often of the petals.
longer than those of Div. 5.
Petals are narrow, pointed,
and reflexed. Early to
mid-spring flowering.
404
N. ‘Thalia’ t [Div. 5] N. ‘Bridal Crown’ t [Div. 4] N. ‘Broadway Star’ t [Div. 11b] N. ‘Fragrant Breeze’ t [Div. 2]
N. ‘Jack Snipe’ t [Div. 6] N. bulbocodium t [Div. 13] N. ‘Home Fires’ t [Div. 2]
N. ‘Sir Winston Churchill’ t [Div. 8] N. ‘Aircastle’ t [Div. 3] N. ‘Stratosphere’ t [Div. 7]
N. ‘Avalanche’ t [Div. 8] N. ‘Charity May’ t [Div. 6] N. ‘Pencrebar’ t [Div. 4] N. ‘Pipit’ t [Div. 7] N. ‘Bartley’ t [Div. 6]
N. ‘Panache’ t [Div. 1] N. ‘February Silver’ t [Div. 6] N. ‘Liberty Bells’ t [Div. 5] N. ‘Suzy’ t [Div. 7]
N. ‘Hawera’ t [Div. 5]
N. ‘Jenny’ t [Div. 6] N. ‘Cassata’ t [Div. 11a] N. ‘Binkie’ t [Div. 2] N. ‘Tahiti’ t [Div. 4]
405
N. ‘Passionale’ t [Div. 2] N. ‘Irene Copeland’ t [Div. 4] N. ‘Spellbinder’ t [Div. 1] N. ‘Golden Ducat’ t [Div. 4] N. ‘Ambergate’ t [Div. 2] N. ‘Altruist’ t [Div. 3]
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MEDIUM
SPRING
GREEN YELLOW
Fritillaria acmopetala Hermodactylus tuberosus Calochortus luteus (Yellow mariposa) Erythronium ‘Pagoda’
Spring-flowering bulb with slender (Widow iris) Late spring-flowering bulb with long, Robust, spring-flowering tuber with
stems that bear narrowly lance-shaped, Spring-flowering perennial with finger- narrow, erect leaves near the base 2 semierect, basal, faintly mottled, glossy
scattered leaves, and 1 or 2 broadly like tubers. Long, narrow, gray-green of the loosely branched stem. Each leaves. Flower stem produces up to 10
bell-shaped, green flowers, with leaves are square in cross-section. Has branch bears a 3-petaled, yellow pendent, pale yellow flowers with
brown-stained petals flaring outward a fragrant, yellowish-green flower with flower with central, brown blotches. reflexed petals. H 10–14in (25–35cm),
at the tips. H 6–16in (15–40cm), large, blackish-brown-tipped petals. H 8–18in (20–45cm), S 2–3in (5–10cm). S 6–8in (15–20cm).
S 2–3in (5–8cm). H 8–16in (20–40cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
BD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z5–10 H10–5 BD Z4–9 H9–1

Fritillaria pontica Arisaema triphyllum

Spring-flowering bulb with stems (Jack-in-the-pulpit)
carrying lance-shaped, gray-green Summer-flowering tuber with 3-lobed,
leaves, the topmost in a whorl of 3. erect leaves. Produces green or purple
Has solitary broadly bell-shaped, green spathes, hooded at tips, followed by
flowers, 1¼–1¾in (3–4.5cm) long, often bright red berries. H 16–20in (40–50cm),
suffused brown. H 6–18in (15–45cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
S 2–3in (5–8cm).
BD Z7–8 H8–7 BDt Z4–9 H9–1
Fritillaria cirrhosa Ixia viridiflora Fritillaria pallidiflora

Spring-flowering bulb with slender Spring- to early summer-flowering Robust, spring-flowering bulb with
stems and narrow, whorled leaves; corm with very narrow, erect leaves broadly lance-shaped, gray-green
upper leaves have tendril-like tips. mostly at stem base. Carries a spike leaves, scattered or in pairs on stem.
Produces up to 4 widely bell-shaped of flattish, jade-green flowers, 1–2in Has 1–5 widely bell-shaped, yellow
flowers, purple or yellowish-green (2.5–5cm) across, with purple-black eyes. to greenish-yellow flowers, usually
with dark purple checkered patterns. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). faintly checkered brownish-red within.
H to 24in (60cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). H 6–28in (15–70cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
406
AD Z6–8 H8–6 AD Z10–11 H11–7 AD Z4–9 H8–2
ORANGE
Ferraria crispa
Spring-flowering corm with leafy stem
bearing a succession of upward-facing,
brown or yellowish-brown flowers,
1½–2in (4–5cm) across, with 6 wavy-
edged, spreading petals that are
conspicuously lined and blotched.
H 8–16in (20–40cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
AD Z10–11 H11–8

Tulipa ‘Giuseppe Verdi’ Hyacinthus orientalis Stenomesson miniatum
Mid-spring-flowering bulb (Div.12) ‘City of Haarlem’ Late spring-flowering bulb with
with purple-marked leaves. Yellow- Late spring-flowering bulb with strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
margined, carmine-red flowers are lance-shaped, channeled, erect, Bears a head of red or orange flowers,
golden-yellow with small, red marks bright green, basal leaves. Has a ¾–1½in (2–4cm) long, with yellow
inside. H and S 8in (20cm). dense, cylindrical spike of fragrant, anthers. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4–6in
bell-shaped, primrose-yellow flowers. (10–15cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
H 10in (25cm), S 3in (8cm).
ADt Z3–8 H8–1 BDt Z5–9 H9–1 AD Z11–15 H12–10
Narcissus ‘Silver Chimes’ Triteleia ixioides ‘Starlight’ Arum creticum Stenomesson variegatum
Sturdy, mid- to late spring-flowering Free-flowering, late spring-flowering Spring-flowering tuber that bears white Clump-forming bulb. Bears reddish-
bulb (Div.8) with dark green leaves. corm with grasslike, semierect, basal or yellow spathes, each bottle-shaped yellow, pink or white flowers, with
Produces up to 10 fragrant flowers, each leaves. Open umbels, to 5in (12cm) at the base, slightly reflexed at the apex 6 green lobes at the apex, in winter
with broad, milk-white petals and a across, of star-shaped, creamy-yellow and with a protruding, yellow spadix. or spring. H 12–24in (30–60cm),
straight, shallow, creamy-primrose cup. flowers have a central, green stripe Has arrow-shaped, semierect, deep S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
Thrives in a warm site. H 13in (32cm). on each petal. Is good for cut flowers. green leaves in fall. H 12–20in (30–50cm),
H 16in (40cm), S 3in (8cm). S 8–12in (20–30cm).
407
ADt Z3–9 Z9–1 AD Z7–13 H12–7 ADt Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z12–15 H12–10
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
WHITE
Triteleia hyacinthina Ornithogalum narbonense

Late spring- to early summer-flowering Clump-forming, late spring- to
corm with long, narrow, semierect or summer-flowering bulb with long,
spreading, basal leaves. Heads of white, narrow, semierect, basal, gray-
sometimes purple-tinged flowers are green leaves. Leafless stem produces
borne on wiry stems. H 12–20in a spike of star-shaped, white flowers,
(30–45cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). ¾in (2cm) wide. H 12–16in (30–40cm),
S 4–6in (10–15cm).
AD Z7–13 H12–7 ADt Z7–10 H10–7

Pancratium illyricum Zantedeschia aethiopica Ismene narcissiflora

Summer-flowering bulb with strap- ‘Green Goddess’ (Peruvian daffodil)
shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green Robust, summer-flowering tuber Spring- or summer-flowering
leaves. Leafless stem has a head of 5–12 with arrow-shaped, semierect, basal, bulb with semierect, basal leaves,
fragrant, 6-petaled, white flowers, 3in deep green leaves. Bears a succession dying down in winter. Bears a loose
(8cm) across. H to 18in (45cm), S 10–12in of green spathes each with a large, head of 2–5 fragrant, white flowers.
(25–30cm). central, green-splashed, white area. H to 24in (60cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
H 1½–3ft (45cm–1m), S 1½–2ft (45–60cm).
AD Z8–11 H11–8 ADt Z8–10 H10–4 BD H11–10
Arisaema sikokianum Ornithogalum thyrsoides Habenaria radiata Ornithogalum arabicum

Early summer-flowering tuber with (Chincherinchee) Evergreen–deciduous, terrestrial orchid Early summer-flowering bulb with
erect leaves divided into 3–5 leaflets. Summer-flowering bulb with strap- with fleshy tubers and linear, gray- strap-shaped, semierect leaves in a basal
Produces deep brownish-purple and shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Bears green, basal leaves. In mid-summer, cluster. Has a flattish head of up
white spathes, 6in (15cm) long, with a dense, conical spike of cup-shaped, each slender flower stem bears 2 or 3 to 15 scented, white or creamy-white
clublike, white spadices protruding from white flowers, ¾–1¼in (2–3cm) across. white flowers that resemble egret birds flowers, 1½–2in (4–5cm) across, with
the mouths. H 12–20in (30–50cm), H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). in flight. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). black ovaries in centers. H 12–18in
S 12–18in (30–45cm). (30–45cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
408
BDt Z4–9 H9–3 ADt Z7–10 H10–7 AEZ5–10 H10–5 ADt Z9–11 H11–9
PINK
Eucomis comosa Allium schubertii

Clump-forming bulb with strap-shaped, Early summer-flowering bulb with
wavy-margined leaves, spotted purple widely strap-shaped, semierect, basal
beneath. Purple-spotted stem bears leaves. Bears large umbels of 40 or more
a spike of white or greenish-white, star-shaped, pink or purple flowers on
sometimes pink-tinted flowers, with very unequal stalks, then brown seed
purple ovaries. H to 28in (70cm), capsules. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 6–8in
S 12–24in (30–60cm). (15–20cm).
AD Z8–11 H10–8 ADt Z4–10 H10–1

Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group Allium senescens subsp. montanum
Late spring-flowering bulb with large Vigorous, clump-forming, summer-
umbels of up to 30 star-shaped, white flowering bulb with strap-shaped, often
flowers in late spring or early summer, twisted, gray-green leaves. Has dense
after the lance-shaped, semierect, umbels, ¾in (2cm) across, of up to 30
mid-green, basal leaves have withered. long-lasting, cup-shaped, pink flowers.
Is good for cut flowers. H 16in (40cm), H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).
S 2in (5cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–7 ADt Z4–10 H10–1
Eucomis pallidiflora (Giant pineapple Calochortus superbus Tritonia disticha subsp. rubrolucens Allium cernuum
flower, Giant pineapple lily) Bulb with linear, gray-green, basal Late summer-flowering corm with Clump-forming, summer-flowering
Summer-flowering bulb with sword- leaves. In early summer, branched stems narrowly sword-shaped, erect leaves bulb with narrow, semierect, basal
shaped, crinkly edged, semierect, bear 1–3 upward-facing, cup-shaped, in a flattish, basal fan. Has pink flowers leaves. Each stem produces up to
basal leaves. Bears a dense spike of white, creamy-yellow or lavender-blue in a loose, one-sided spike. H 12–20in 30 cup-shaped, pink or white flowers
star-shaped, greenish-white flowers, flowers, with purplish-brown markings (30–50cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). in a loose, nodding umbel, ¾–1½in
topped with a cluster of leaflike bracts. at the base of each petal. H 16in (40cm), (2–4cm) across. H 12–28in (30–70cm),
H to 30in (75cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). S 3in (8cm). S 3–5in (8–12cm).
409
AD Z8–11 H11–8 AD Z5–10 H10–6 AD Z9–10 H10–9 ADtZ3–9 H9–5
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
CROCOSMIA RED
Cormous perennials with flowers in vibrant shades
of yellow, orange, and red, and sword-shaped, pleated
foliage, crocosmias are real crowd-pleasers. The flowers
are held on elegant arching stems and bloom for many
weeks between mid-summer and fall. Most are easy to
grow, spreading quickly when conditions are right for
them. Plants, rather than corms, are the best choice for
beginners, and should be planted in spring in moist but
well-drained fertile soil in sun or partial shade. Those
that are borderline hardy will benefit from a warm site
near a protective wall.
Lycoris radiata (Red spider lily)

Late summer-flowering bulb with
a head of 5 or 6 bright rose-red
flowers with narrow, wavy-margined,
reflexed petals and conspicuous anthers.
Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves after flowering time. H 12–16in
(30–40cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
AD Z7–10 H10–7
C. ‘Lucifer’ C. ‘Honey Angels’
Rhodophiala advena Phaedranassa carmioli

Clump-forming, spring- to summer- Spring- and summer-flowering bulb
flowering bulb with basal, gray-green with upright, elliptic or lance-shaped,
leaves. Leafless stem carries a head basal leaves. Bears a head of 6–10
of 2–8 narrowly funnel-shaped, red pendent, pinkish-red flowers, with
flowers, 2in (5cm) long. H to 16in (40cm), green bases and yellow-edged, green
S 6–8in (15–20cm). lobes at each apex. H 20–28in (50–70cm),
S 12–18in (30–45cm).
AD Z9–10 H10–9 AD H11–9

C. ‘Solfatare’
C. ‘George Davison’ C. masoniorum C. ‘Severn Sunrise’
Ranunculus asiaticus Gladiolus communis

(Persian buttercup) subsp. byzantinus
Early summer-flowering perennial with Early summer-flowering corm with a
clawlike tubers and long-stalked leaves dense spike of up to 20 deep purplish-
both at base and on stem. Has single red or purplish-pink flowers, 1½–2½in
or double flowers in red, white, pink, (4–6cm) long. Produces a fan of sword-
yellow or orange. H 18–22in (45–55cm), shaped, erect, basal leaves. H to 28in
S 4in (10cm). (70cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
410
ADt Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z8–10 H10–8
C. ‘Star of the East’ C. ‘Jackanapes’
PURPLE BLUE
Tulbaghia simmleri
Semievergreen, bulbous perennial
with clusters of narrow, grasslike,
mid-green leaves. Produces terminal
umbels of fragrant, tubular, light to deep
purple flowers in early to mid-summer.
H 24in (60cm), S 10in (25cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–7

Allium cristophii Camassia quamash Allium caeruleum
Summer-flowering bulb with semierect, (Camass, Quamash) Clump-forming, summer-flowering
hairy, gray leaves that droop at tips. Has Clump-forming bulb with racemes of bulb with narrow, erect leaves on the
a large, spherical umbel of 50 or more shallowly cup-shaped, rich to pale blue lower third of slender flower stems,
star-shaped, purplish-violet flowers, or white flowers in late spring and early which bear 30–50 star-shaped, blue
which dry well. H 6–16in (15–40cm), summer. Has long, linear, erect, basal flowers in a dense, spherical umbel,
S 6–8in (15–20cm). leaves. H 12in (30cm), S 2in (5cm). 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) across. H 8–32in
(20–80cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
ADt Z5–8 H9–5 BD Z4–11 H11–1 ADt Z4–10 H10–1
Roscoea auriculata Triteleia laxa ‘Koningin Fabiola’ Triteleia laxa

Early fall-flowering tuber with linear to Mid-summer-flowering corm with Early summer-flowering corm
broadly lance-shaped, semierect, dark linear, semierect, basal leaves. These with narrow, semierect, basal leaves.
green leaves. Orchid-like, rich purple often die back before a loose umbel of Stem carries a large, loose umbel of
flowers are borne from upper leaf axils funnel-shaped, deep violet-blue flowers, funnel-shaped, deep to pale purple-
from late summer to fall. H 18in (45cm), on long, slender stalks, is produced. blue flowers, ¾–2in (2–5cm) long,
S 6in (15cm). Is good for cut flowers. H 12in (30cm), mostly held upright. H 4–20in (10–50cm),
S 2in (5cm). S 3–4in (8–10cm).
411
CE Z6–9 H9–6 AD Z6–10 H10–6 AD Z6–10 H10–6
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MEDIUM
SUMMER
GREEN YELLOW
Eucomis bicolor Ranunculus asiaticus var. flavus Ismene x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’

Summer-flowering bulb with wavy- (Persian buttercup) Summer-flowering bulb with strap-
edged, semierect, basal leaves. Stem, Early summer-flowering perennial shaped, dark green, basal leaves.
often spotted purple, bears a spike of with clawlike tubers and long-stalked, Bears terminal umbels of up to 6 large,
green or greenish-white flowers, with 6 palmate leaves at base and on stem. fragrant, sulfur-yellow flowers, each with
purple-edged petals, topped by a cluster Has single or double flowers in yellow, a frilly-edged, light yellow cup with green
of leaflike bracts. H 12–20in (30–50cm), white, pink, red or orange. H 18–22in stripes and 6 spreading petals. H 24in
S 12–24in (30–60cm). (45–55cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).
AD Z8–10 H10–8 ADt Z7–11 H11–7 AD Z10–11 H11–9

Arisaema jacquemontii Cypella herbertii Allium flavum

Summer-flowering tuber with 1 or 2 Summer-flowering bulb with a fan Clump-forming, summer-flowering
erect leaves, divided into wavy-edged of narrow, sword-shaped, erect, basal bulb. Leaves are linear and semierect
leaflets. Produces slender, white-lined, leaves. Branched flower stem carries on lower half of slender flower stem.
green spathes that are hooded at tips a succession of short-lived, iris-like, Produces a loose umbel of up to 60
and drawn out into long points. orange-yellow flowers, each spotted small, bell-shaped, yellow flowers on
H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12–15in purple in the center. H 12–20in thin, arching stalks. H 4–14in (10–35cm),
(30–38cm). (30–50cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm).
BDt Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z11 H11–1 ADt Z4–10 H9–1
Arisaema griffithii Calochortus barbatus Cyrtanthus mackenii var. cooperi Crocosmia ‘Golden Fleece’
Summer-flowering tuber with Summer-flowering bulb with narrow, Clump-forming, summer-flowering bulb Clump-forming, late summer-flowering
large, erect leaves above a green or erect leaves near the base of the with long, narrow, semierect, basal corm with sword-shaped, erect, basal,
purple spathe, 8–10in (20–25cm) long, loosely branched stem. Each branch leaves. Leafless stems each carry a head gray-green leaves. Flowers are funnel-
strongly netted with paler veins and bears a pendent, yellow or greenish- of up to 10 fragrant, tubular, cream shaped and clear golden-yellow.
expanded like a cobra’s hood. Protect yellow flower that is hairy inside. or yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) long and H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm).
in winter or lift for frost-free storage. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). slightly curved. H 12–16in (30–40cm),
H to 24in (60cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). S 3–4in (8–10cm).
412
BDt Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z6–10 H10–6 AD Z11 H11–6 AD Z6–9 H10–9
FALL
ORANGE PINK
Sandersonia aurantiaca Zephyranthes carinata Nerine bowdenii f. alba

(Chinese-lantern lily) Late summer- to early fall-flowering Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy stem
Deciduous, summer-flowering, bulb with narrowly strap-shaped, and strap-shaped, semierect, basal
tuberous climber with a slender stem semierect, basal leaves. Each stem leaves. Produces a head of 5–10 white,
bearing scattered, lance-shaped leaves, bears a funnel-shaped, pink flower, often pink-flushed flowers; petals
some tendril-tipped. Orange flowers held almost erect. H 8–12in (20–30cm), widen slightly toward wavy-margined,
are produced in axils of upper leaves. S 3–4in (8–10cm). recurved tips. H 18–24in (45–60cm),
H 24in (60cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). S 5–6in (12–15cm).
AD Z11–14 H12–10 AD Z8–11 H12–9 ADt Z8–10 H10–8

Polianthes geminiflora Nerine bowdenii Nerine ‘Orion’
Summer-flowering tuber with narrowly Fall-flowering bulb with a stout stem Fall-flowering bulb with strap-shaped,
strap-shaped, semierect leaves in a basal and strap-shaped, semierect, basal semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy, leafless
tuft. Stems each carry long spikes of leaves. Carries a head of 5–10 glistening, stem bears a head of pale pink flowers
downward-curving, tubular, red pink flowers with petals that widen with very wavy-margined petals that
or orange flowers in pairs. H 8–16in slightly toward wavy-margined, have recurved tips. H 12–20in (30–50cm),
(20–40cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). recurved tips. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm).
S 5–6in (12–15cm).
AD H11–1 ADt Z8–10 H10–8 ADtZ8–10 H10–8
Alstroemeria Ligtu Hybrids Tigridia pavonia Scilla scilloides Nerine undulata

Summer-flowering tuber with narrow, (Peacock flower, Tiger flower) Late summer- and fall-flowering Fall-flowering bulb with narrowly
twisted leaves and heads of widely Summer-flowering bulb with sword- bulb with 2–4 narrowly strap-shaped, strap-shaped, semierect, basal
flared flowers in shades of pink, yellow shaped, pleated, erect leaves near semierect, basal leaves. Stem bears a leaves. Flower stem carries a head
or orange, often spotted or streaked with stem base. A succession of short-lived slender, dense spike of up to 30 flattish, of pink flowers with very narrow
contrasting colors. H 1½–2ft (45–60cm), flowers vary from white to orange, red pink flowers, ¼–½in (0.5–1cm) across. petals crinkled for their whole length.
S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). or yellow, often with contrasting spots. H to 12in (30cm), S 2in (5cm). H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 4–5in (10–12cm).
H to 18in (45cm), S 4–6in (12–15cm).
413
ADt Z8–11 H11–7 AD Z8–10 H12–3 BDt Z4–8 H8–1 ADt Z8–10 H10–8
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MEDIUM
FALL WINTER SPRING
ORANGE WHITE RED WHITE
Dahlia ‘Harvest Inflammation’ Eucharis amazonica Hippeastrum ‘Red Lion’ Anemone blanda ‘White Splendour’
Single dahlia bearing orange flowers, Evergreen, clump-forming bulb with Tuft-forming, winter- and spring- Knobby tuber with semierect leaves
2in (5cm) across, suffused orange-red, strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. flowering bulb with a sturdy stem that have 3 deeply toothed lobes. Bears
each with a central, orange-yellow Bears a head of up to 6 fragrant, slightly bearing a head of 2–6 dark red flowers upright, flattish, white flowers, 1½–2in
disc, in summer–fall. H 22in (55cm), pendent, white flowers at almost with yellow anthers. Strap-shaped (4–5cm) across, with 9–14 narrow petals,
S 16in (40cm). any season. H 16–24in (40–60cm), leaves appear with or just after flowers. in early spring. H 2–4in (5–10cm),
S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm).
Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
AD Z9–11 H11–1 BD H11–10 BDt H11–1 ADt Z4–8 H8–1

Hippeastrum ‘Apple Blossom’ Hippeastrum aulicum Leucojum vernum (Spring snowflake)

Winter- to spring-flowering bulb with Winter- and spring-flowering bulb with Spring-flowering bulb with strap-
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves a basal cluster of strap-shaped, semi- shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
produced as, or just after, flowers form. erect leaves. Sturdy stem bears two red Leafless stem carries 1 or 2 pendent,
Sturdy stem has a head of 2–6 white flowers with green-striped petals and bell-shaped flowers, 5⁄8–¾in (1.5–2cm)
flowers, becoming pink at petal tips. green throats. H 12–20in (30–50cm), long, with 6 green-tipped, white petals.
H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). S 12in (30cm). Min. 55–59ºF (13–15ºC). H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
BDt H11–1 BDt H11–10 BE Z4–8 H9–3
Nerine sarniensis (Guernsey lily) Hippeastrum ‘Striped’ Veltheimia bracteata Ornithogalum balansae
Fall-flowering bulb with strap-shaped, Winter- to spring-flowering bulb with Clump-forming, winter-flowering bulb Spring-flowering bulb with 2 almost
semierect, basal leaves. Leafless stem strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves with semierect, strap-shaped, basal, prostrate, inversely lance-shaped,
carries a spherical head of up to 20 deep produced with or just after flowers. glossy leaves and dense spikes of mid-green basal leaves. Has a broad
orange-pink flowers, 2½–3in (6–8cm) Sturdy stem has a head of 2–6 widely pendent, tubular, pink, red or yellowish- head of 2–5 flowers, glistening white
across, with wavy-margined petals. funnel-shaped flowers, striped white red flowers. H 12–18in (30–45cm), inside, bright green outside, that open
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). and red. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). S 10–15in (25–38cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). wide. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
414
ADt Z8–10 H10–8 BDt H11–1 AD Z13–15 H12–10 ADt Z7–10 H10–7
Sternbergia candida Muscari botryoides ‘Album’

Spring-flowering bulb. Strap-shaped, Late spring-flowering bulb with 3–4
semierect, basal, grayish-green leaves narrow, semierect, basal leaves that
appear together with a fragrant, widen slightly at the tips. Produces
funnel-shaped, white flower, 1½–2in dense, cone-shaped racemes of tiny,
(4–5cm) long, borne on a leafless stem. fragrant, white flowers. H 6in (15cm),
AD Z8–10 H10–8 AD Z2–8 H8–1

Erythronium californicum Iris ‘Natascha’
Clump-forming, spring-flowering tuber. Bulbous iris with solitary, slightly
Has 2 semierect, basal, mottled leaves. fragrant, very pale blue, almost white
Up to 3 white or creamy-white flowers, flowers, with a yellow spot on each
sometimes red-brown externally, have petal, borne in early spring. Has
reflexed petals, yellow eyes and often linear, mid-green leaves. H 6in (15cm),
brown rings near centers. H 6–14in S ¾in (2cm).
(15–35cm), S 4–5in (10–12cm).
BD Z3–9 H9–1 ADt Z5–8 H8–5
Puschkinia scilloides Ornithogalum montanum Ornithogalum lanceolatum Hyacinthus orientalis ‘White Pearl’
var. libanotica ‘Alba’ Clump-forming, spring-flowering bulb Spring-flowering, dwarf bulb with Mid-spring-flowering bulb with linear
Spring-flowering bulb with usually 2 with strap-shaped, semierect, basal, a rosette of prostrate, lance-shaped, to lance-shaped, channeled, erect, bright
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. gray-green leaves. Leafless stem basal leaves. Carries a head of green, basal leaves. Produces a dense,
Produces a dense spike of star-shaped, produces a head of star-shaped, white flattish, star-shaped, white flowers, cylindrical raceme of sweetly scented,
white flowers, 5⁄8–¾in (1.5–2cm) across. flowers, 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) across, striped 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) across, broadly tubular to bell-shaped, pure white
H 6in (15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). green outside. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm). striped green outside. H 2–4in (5–10cm), flowers. H to 10in (25cm), S to 3in (8cm).
S 4–6in (10–15cm).
415
AD Z3–9 H9–1 ADt Z6–10 H10–6 ADt Z5–10 H10–1 BDt Z5–9 H9–1
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SMALL
SPRING
WHITE PINK
Ornithogalum umbellatum Allium akaka Anemone tschaernjaewii

Late spring-flowering bulb with linear, Spring-flowering bulb with 1–3 broad, Spring-flowering tuber with 3-palmate,
semierect, mid-green leaves with a prostrate and basal, gray-green leaves oval, mid-green leaves, the leaflets
whitish-green midrib. These fade as and an almost stemless, spherical umbel, shallowly lobed. Has 5-petaled, saucer-
stems each bearing 6–20 star-shaped, 2–3in (5–7cm) across of 30–40 star- shaped, purple-centered, white or pink
white flowers, with green reverses, shaped, white to pinkish-white flowers flowers, ¾–1¾in (2–4.5cm) across. Needs
are produced in late spring and early with red centers. H 6–8in (15–20cm), warm, dry, summer dormancy. H 2–4in
summer. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). S 5–6in (12–15cm). (5–10cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
ADt Z6–10 H10–1 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 ADt Z5–8 H8–5

Allium acuminatum
Spring-flowering bulb with 2–4 long,
narrow, semierect, basal leaves. Stem
bears an umbel, 2in (5cm) across, of
up to 30 small, purplish-pink flowers.
H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
ADt Z4–9 H9–1
Scilla siberica ‘Alba’ Chionodoxa ‘Pink Giant’ Allium karataviense

Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb with Early spring-flowering bulb with Late spring-flowering bulb with
2–4 broadly linear, erect, basal leaves, 2 narrow, semierect, basal leaves. narrowly elliptic to elliptic, prostrate,
widening toward the tips. Racemes Leafless stem produces a spike basal, grayish-purple leaves. Stem
of small, pendent, bowl-shaped, white of 5–10 flattish, white-eyed, pink bears 50 or more star-shaped, pale
flowers are produced at the same time flowers, ¾–1in (2–2.5cm) across. purplish-pink flowers in a spherical
as the leaves. H 6in (15cm), S 2in (5cm). H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). umbel, 6in (15cm) or more across.
H to 8in (20cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm).
416
BDt Z5–8 H8–5 AD Z3–9 H9–1 ADt Z5–9 H9–5
CROCUSES
Crocus species and cultivars are versatile dwarf bulbous
plants. Most flower in late winter or early spring; a few
bloom in fall. Colors range from white, cream, and yellow to
pinkish-lilac and purple, and many are attractively striped or
feathered with other colors. The goblet-shaped flowers open
wide in full sun, in some cases revealing contrasting centers
or conspicuous stamens. Most crocuses are also fragrant.
Plant in rock or gravel gardens with other early flowering
dwarf bulbs or perennials, in drifts in grass, or beneath
deciduous trees and shrubs, where they will rapidly spread.
If naturalized in grass, delay mowing until the leaves have
died down. Feed with an all-purpose granular fertilizer once
the flowers have faded.
C. sieberi ‘Hubert Edelsten’ C. vernus ‘Remembrance’
C. ‘E.P. Bowles’
C. goulimyi [Fall-flowering] C. ‘Eyecatcher’ C. vernus ‘Pickwick’ C. ‘Dorothy’
C. ‘Snow Bunting’ C. ‘Blue Bird’ C. etruscus ‘Zwanenburg’
C. hadriaticus [Fall-flowering] C. sieberi subsp. sublimis C. tommasinianus ‘Ruby Giant’ C. speciosus ‘Conqueror’ C. ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’
f. tricolor [Fall-flowering]
417
C. vernus ‘Queen of the Blues’ C. kotschyanus [Fall-flowering] C. speciosus [Fall-flowering] C. ‘Cream Beauty’
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SMALL
SPRING
PINK RED PURPLE
Bulbocodium vernum Anemone x fulgens Iris ‘Pixie’

Spring-flowering corm with stemless, Spring- or early summer-flowering Bulbous iris with solitary, slightly
widely funnel-shaped, reddish-purple tuber with deeply divided, semierect, fragrant, rich deep purple-blue
flowers. Narrow, semierect, basal leaves basal leaves. Sturdy stems each carry flowers, with yellow midribs and
appear with flowers but do not elongate an upright, bright red flower, 2–3in white stripes, borne in late winter
until later. Dies down in summer. (5–7cm) across, with 10–15 petals. and early spring. Has linear, mid-green
H 1¼–1½in (3–4cm), S 1¼–2in (3–5cm). H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). leaves. H 6in (15cm), S ¾in (2cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–7 ADt Z8–11 H11–8 ADtZ5–9 H9–4

Allium oreophilum Erythronium dens-canis Babiana rubrocyanea

Spring- and summer-flowering, dwarf (Dog-tooth violet) (Baboon flower)
bulb with 2 narrow, semierect, basal Spring-flowering tuber with 2 basal, Spring-flowering corm with lance-
leaves. Has loose, domed umbels of mottled leaves. Stem has a pendent, shaped, erect, folded leaves in a basal
up to 10 widely bell-shaped, deep rose- pink, purple or white flower, with fan. Carries short spikes of 5–10 flowers,
pink flowers, 5⁄8–¾in (1.5–2cm) across. bands of brown, purple and yellow each with 6 petals, purple-blue at the top
H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). near the center and reflexed petals. and red at the base. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
ADt Z4–9 H9–1 BD Z3–9 H9–1 AD H11–10
Cyclamen libanoticum Anemone blanda var. rosea ‘Radar’ Sparaxis tricolor Anemone blanda ‘Violet Star’
Spring-flowering tuber with ivy-shaped, Knobby tuber with semierect, deep Spring-flowering corm with erect, Knobby tuber with rounded, semierect,
dull green leaves with lighter patterns green leaves with 3 deeply toothed lance-shaped leaves in a basal fan. Stem dark green, basal leaves with divided,
and purplish-green undersides. Has lobes. In early spring, stems each bear produces a loose spike of up to 5 flattish, irregularly lobed leaves. In spring,
musty-scented, clear pink flowers, an upright, flattish, white-centered, orange, red, purple, pink or white stems each bear a saucer-shaped, white-
each with deep carmine marks at the deep reddish-carmine flower with flowers, 2–2½in (5–6cm) across, with centered, amethyst-violet flower that
mouth. Grows best in an alpine house. 9–14 narrow petals. H 2–4in (5–10cm), black or red centers. H 4–12in (10–30cm), resembles a daisy. H and S 6in (15cm).
H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm). S 3–5in (8–12cm).
418
BDt Z11 H7–1 BDt Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–10 H10–7 BD Z4–8 H8–1
BLUE
Ipheion uniflorum ‘Froyle Mill’ Bellevalia hyacinthoides Chionodoxa forbesii Anemone blanda ‘Atrocaerulea’
Spring-flowering bulb with narrow, Spring-flowering bulb with prostrate, Early spring-flowering bulb with Knobby tuber with semierect, dark
semierect, basal, pale green leaves narrow leaves in a basal cluster. Bears a 2 semierect, narrow, basal leaves. green leaves that have 3 deeply toothed
that smell of onions if crushed. dense spike of up to 20 bell-shaped, pale Bears a spike of 5–10 outward-facing, lobes. In early spring, stems each bear
Each leafless stem carries a star- lavender-blue, almost white flowers with rich blue-lilac flowers with white eyes. an upright, flattish, bright blue flower,
shaped, violet-blue flower, 1¼–1½in darker, central veins. H 2–6in (5–15cm), H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). 1½–2in (4–5cm) across, with 9–14
(3–4cm) across. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2in (5cm). narrow petals. H 2–4in (5–10cm),
S 2–3in (5–8cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm).
BD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z7–9 H9–7 AD Z3–9 H9–1 BDt Z4–8 H8–1

Romulea bulbocodium x Chionoscilla allenii
Spring-flowering corm with long, Early spring-flowering bulb with 2
semierect, threadlike leaves in a basal narrow, semierect, basal, dark green
tuft. Slender flower stems each carry leaves and flattish, star-shaped, deep
1–6 upward-facing flowers, usually pale blue flowers, ½–¾in (1–2cm) across,
lilac-purple with yellow or white centers. in a loose spike. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). S 1–2in (2.5–5cm).
AD Z5–9 H9–5 AD Z3–9 H9–1
Moraea sisyrinchium Muscari comosum ‘Plumosum’ Brimeura amethystina

Spring-flowering corm with 1 or 2 (Feather grape hyacinth) Late spring-flowering bulb with
semierect, narrow, basal leaves. Spring-flowering bulb with up to very narrow, semierect, basal leaves.
Wiry stems each carry a succession 5 strap-shaped, semierect, basal, Each leafless stem bears a spike of
of lavender- to violet-blue flowers, gray-green leaves. Sterile flowers up to 15 pendent, tubular, blue flowers.
1¼–1½in (3–4cm) across, with white are replaced by a fluffy mass of H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm).
or orange patches on the 3 larger petals. purple threads. H to 10in (25cm),
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). S 4–5in (10–12cm).
419
ADZ9–10 H10–8 AD Z4–8 H8–1 BD Z5–9 H9–5
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SMALL
SPRING
BLUE
Chionodoxa luciliae Scilla mischtschenkoana Scilla siberica ‘Atrocoerulea’

Early spring-flowering bulb with Early spring-flowering bulb with Early spring-flowering bulb with
2 somewhat curved, semierect, 2 or 3 strap-shaped, semierect, basal, 2–4 strap-shaped, semierect, basal,
basal leaves. Leafless stem bears mid-green leaves. Stems elongate glossy leaves, widening toward tips.
1–3 upward-facing, blue flowers as cup-shaped or flattish, pale blue Bell-shaped, deep rich blue flowers,
with white eyes. H 2–4in (5–10cm), flowers, with darker blue veins, ½–5⁄8in (1–1.5cm) long, are borne
S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). open. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 2in (5cm). in a short spike. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
S 2in (5cm).
AD Z3–9 H9–1 ADt Z4–7 H9–6 ADt Z5–8 H8–5

Muscari neglectum Tecophilaea cyanocrocus

Spring-flowering bulb. Bears 4–6 often var. leichtlinii
prostrate leaves from fall to early Spring-flowering corm with 1 or 2
summer. Has small, ovoid, deep blue narrowly lance-shaped, semierect,
or blackish-blue flowers with white- basal leaves and solitary upward-
rimmed mouths. Increases rapidly. facing, widely funnel-shaped, pale
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). blue flowers with large, white centers.
H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–9 H9–7
Muscari aucheri Muscari armeniacum Tecophilaea cyanocrocus

Spring-flowering bulb with 2 strap- Spring-flowering bulb with 3–6 long, (Chilean blue crocus)
shaped, grayish-green leaves. Bears narrow, semierect, basal leaves. Spring-flowering corm with 1 or 2
small, almost spherical, bright blue Carries a dense spike of small, fragrant, lance-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
flowers with white-rimmed mouths; bell-shaped, deep blue flowers with Carries upward-facing, funnel-shaped,
upper flowers are often paler. H 2–6in constricted mouths that have a rim deep gentian-blue flowers, 1½–2in
(5–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). of small, paler blue or white “teeth.” (4–5cm) across, with white throats.
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
420
AD Z6–9 H9–5 AD Z4–8 H8–1 AD Z7–9 H9–7
GREEN YELLOW
Ledebouria socialis Colchicum luteum

Evergreen, spring-flowering bulb Spring-flowering corm with wineglass-
with lance-shaped, semierect, shaped, yellow flowers—the only
basal, dark-spotted, gray or green known yellow Colchicum. Semierect,
leaves. Produces a short spike of basal leaves are short at flowering
bell-shaped, purplish-green flowers. time but later expand. H 2–4in (5–10cm),
H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm).
AD Z11 H11–6 ADt Z4–9 H9–1

Puschkinia scilloides var. libanotica Erythronium americanum
(Striped squill) Spring-flowering tuber with 2 semi-
Spring-flowering bulb with usually erect, basal leaves, mottled green
2 strap-shaped, semierect, basal and brown, and a pendent, yellow
leaves. Carries a dense spike of flower, often bronze outside, with
star-shaped, pale blue flowers with petals reflexing in sunlight. Forms
a darker blue stripe down each petal clumps by stolons. H 2–10in (5–25cm),
center. H 6in (15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm).
AD Z3–9 H9–1 BD Z3–9 H9–2
Hyacinthella leucophaea Crocus ‘Blue Pearl’ Arum italicum ‘Marmoratum’ Muscari macrocarpum
Spring-flowering bulb with 2 narrowly Early spring-flowering corm bearing Late spring-flowering tuber. Produces Spring-flowering bulb with 3–5 semi-
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves narrow, semierect, basal leaves, with semierect leaves, with cream or white erect, basal, grayish-green leaves.
and a thin, wiry, leafless flower stem. white lines along the centers. Fragrant, veins, in fall, followed by pale green or Carries a dense spike of fragrant,
Carries a short spike of tiny, bell-shaped, long-tubed, funnel-shaped, soft creamy-white spathes, then red berries brown-rimmed, bright yellow flowers.
very pale blue, almost white flowers. lavender-blue flowers, bluish-white in fall. Is good for flower arrangements. Upper flowers may initially be
H 4in (10cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). within, have golden-yellow throats. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). brownish-purple. H 4–8in (10–20cm),
H 3in (7cm), S 2in (5cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm).
421
ADZ9–11 H10–7 AD Z3–8 H8–1 ADt Z7–9 H9–3 AD Z7–9 H9–7
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SMALL
SPRING SUMMER
ORANGE WHITE PINK
Dipcadi serotinum Allium schoenoprasum (Chives)

Spring-flowering bulb with 2–5 very Clump-forming, summer-flowering
narrow, semierect, basal leaves. bulb with narrow, hollow, erect, dark
Leafless stem has a loose spike green leaves at base. Stems each carry
of nodding, tubular, brown or dull up to 20 tiny, bell-shaped, pale purple
orange flowers, ½–5⁄8in (1–1.5cm) long. or pink flowers in a dense umbel up to
H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). 2in (5cm) across. H 5–10in (12–25cm),
S 2–4in (5–10cm).
AD Z8–10 H10–8 ADt Z5–11 H11–1

Arisaema candidissimum Allium narcissiflorum

Early summer-flowering tuber with Clump-forming, summer-flowering
large, cowl-like, pink-striped, white bulb with very narrow, erect, gray-
spathes, enclosing tiny, fragrant green leaves on the lower part of the
flowers on spadices, followed by flower stem. Has an umbel of up to
broad, 3-palmate, semierect leaves, 15 bell-shaped, pinkish-purple flowers.
12in (30cm) long. H 4–6in (10–15cm), H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
S 12–18in (30–45cm).
ADt Z7–9 H9–7 ADt Z5–8 H8–5
Fritillaria pudica (Yellow fritillary) Albuca humilis Cyclamen purpurascens

Spring-flowering bulb with stems Summer-flowering, dwarf bulb with very Summer- and fall-flowering tuber
bearing scattered, narrowly lance- narrow, basal, dark green leaves. Carries with rounded, silver-patterned leaves.
shaped, gray-green leaves. Has a loose head of 1–3 cup-shaped, white Bears very fragrant, lilac-pink to
1 or 2 deep yellow, sometimes red- flowers, ½in (1cm) long, striped green, reddish-purple flowers. H to 4in (10cm),
tinged flowers, ½–1in (1–2.5cm) long. later reddish, outside. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
H 2–8in (5–20cm), S 2in (5cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm).
422
AD Z2–9 H9–1 AD Z10–11 H11–10 BDt Z5–9 H9–4
RED PURPLE
Cyrtanthus brachyscyphus Anomatheca laxa

Clump-forming, summer-flowering Early summer-flowering corm with a
bulb with strap-shaped, semierect, loose spike of up to 6 small, long-tubed,
basal, bright green leaves. Leafless funnel-shaped, red or orange-red
stem bears a head of 6–12 tubular, flowers, with darker red marks on the
orange- or brilliant red flowers lower petals, borne among narrowly
with 6 lobes. H 8–12in (20–30cm), sword-shaped, erect, mid-green leaves.
S 4–6in (10–15cm). H 8in (20cm), S 2in (5cm).
AD H11–10 AD Z8–10 H10–8

Roscoea humeana
Summer-flowering tuber. Erect, broadly
lance-shaped, rich green leaves form
a stemlike sheath at base. Has up to
10 long-tubed, purple flowers, each
with a hooded, upper petal, a wide,
pendent lip and 2 narrower petals.
H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm).
AD Z7–9 H9–7
Haemanthus coccineus (Blood lily) Allium cyathophorum var. farreri Scilla peruviana

Summer-flowering bulb with 2 elliptic Clump-forming, summer-flowering Early summer-flowering bulb with a
leaves, hairy beneath, that lie flat on the bulb with tufts of narrow, erect, basal basal cluster of up to 10 lance-shaped,
ground. Spotted stem, forming before leaves. Each stem bears a small, loose semierect leaves. Stem bears a broadly
leaves, bears a cluster of tiny, red flowers umbel, 5⁄8–1½in (1.5–4cm) wide, of up conical head of up to 50 flattish, violet-
with prominent stamens, within fleshy, to 30 bell-shaped, dark reddish-purple blue flowers, 5⁄8–1¼in (1.5–3cm) across.
red or pink bracts. H to 12in (30cm), flowers with sharply pointed petals. H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm).
S 8–12in (20–30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
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ADt H11–10 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 ADt Z8–9 H9–8
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SMALL
SUMMER FALL
YELLOW WHITE
Allium moly Colchicum speciosum ‘Album’

Clump-forming, summer-flowering Vigorous, fall-flowering corm with
bulb with 1–3 broad, semierect, basal, large, semierect, basal leaves in late
gray-green leaves. Stems each bear winter or spring. Cup-shaped, white
up to 40 star-shaped, yellow flowers flowers successfully withstand bad
in a fairly dense umbel, 1½–3in weather. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm).
(4–8cm) across. H 4–14in (10–35cm),
S 4–5in (10–12cm).
ADt Z3–9 H9–5 ADt Z4–9 H9–1

Chlidanthus fragrans Cyclamen hederifolium f. albiflorum

Summer-flowering bulb with Fall-flowering tuber. Pure white flowers,
narrow, semierect leaves in a basal with reflexed petals, appear before or
tuft. Leafless stem carries a head of with leaves, which vary but are often
3–5 fragrant, funnel-shaped, yellow ivy-shaped with silvery-green patterns.
flowers, 1½–2¾in (4–7cm) long. H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
AD H11–7 BDt Z5–7 H9–7
Roscoea cautleyoides Acis autumnalis (Autumn snowflake) Zephyranthes candida Cyclamen africanum
Summer-flowering tuber. Erect, lance- Fall-flowering bulb with threadlike, Fall-flowering bulb with narrow, erect, Fall-flowering tuber with ivy-shaped,
shaped leaves form a stemlike sheath erect, basal leaves appearing with, basal leaves forming rushlike tufts. deep green leaves with lighter patterns.
at base. Has up to 5 long-tubed, yellow or just after, flowers. Slender stems Each leafless stem carries crocus-like, Bears pendent, white or pink flowers,
flowers, each with a hooded, upper each produce a head of 14 bell-shaped, white flowers, to 2½in (6cm) across. with reflexed petals and darker
petal, a broad, 2-lobed, lower lip and white flowers, tinged pink at bases. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). stains around mouths, as or just
2 narrower petals. H 6–10in (15–25cm), H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). before leaves appear. H to 4in (10cm),
S 4–6in (10–15cm). S 4–6in (10–15cm).
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AD Z6–9 H9–6 ADZ5–9 H9–1 AD Z7–9 H9–6 BDt Z8–9 H9–8
PINK
Colchicum agrippinum Cyclamen graecum

Early fall-flowering corm. Narrow, Fall-flowering tuber with heart-
slightly waved, semierect, basal shaped, toothed, velvety, dark green
leaves develop in spring. Bears erect, leaves, patterned silver or light
funnel-shaped, bright purplish-pink green. Flowers are pink or white,
flowers with a darker checkered pattern with purple stains around mouths.
and pointed petals. H 4–6in (10–15cm), Grows best in an alpine house.
S 3–4in (8–10cm). H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
ADt Z4–9 H9–1 BDt Z5–9 H9–5

Colchicum bivonae
Fall-flowering corm with large,
funnel-shaped, pinkish-purple flowers,
strongly checkered darker purple
and with purple anthers. Produces
8–10 erect leaves in spring. H 4–6in
(10–15cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm).
ADt Z4–9 H9–1
Colchicum cilicicum Colchicum ‘Waterlily’ Cyclamen mirabile

Fall-flowering corm with large, Fall-flowering corm with rather broad, Fall-flowering tuber with pale
cup-shaped, pale pink to deep rose- semierect, basal leaves in winter or pink flowers with toothed petals
purple flowers, sometimes slightly spring. Tightly double flowers with 20–40 and dark purple-stained mouths.
checkered. Very broad, semierect, pinkish-lilac petals. H 4–6in (10–15cm), Heart-shaped, patterned leaves,
basal leaves, ribbed lengthwise, S 6–8in (15–20cm). purplish-green beneath, are minutely
appear soon after flowers have toothed on margins. H to 4in (10cm),
faded. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm).
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ADt Z4–9 H9–1 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 BDt Z8–9 H9–8
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SMALL
FALL
PINK
Habranthus robustus Colchicum autumnale

Late summer- to early fall-flowering (Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron)
bulb with narrowly strap-shaped, semi- Fall-flowering corm with up to 8 long-
erect, basal leaves. Leafless flower stems tubed, wineglass-shaped, purple, pink
each bear a funnel-shaped, pink flower or white flowers, followed by 3–5 large,
inclined at an angle. H 8–12in (20–30cm), strap-shaped, semierect, basal, glossy
S 3–4in (8–10cm). leaves in spring. H and S 4–6in (10–15cm).
AD Z7–10 H10–7 ADt Z4–9 H9–1

Cyclamen hederifolium
Fall-flowering tuber. Pale to deep pink
flowers, stained darker at mouths,
appear before or with foliage. Leaves
vary but are often ivy-shaped with
silvery-green patterns. H 4in (10cm),
S 4–6in (10–15cm).
BDt Z5–7 H9–7
Cyclamen rohlfsianum Colchicum x byzantinum Cyclamen cilicium

Fall-flowering tuber with coarsely Robust, fall-flowering corm with Fall-flowering tuber with broadly
toothed leaves, zoned with light and up to 20 large, funnel-shaped, pale heart-shaped leaves that have light and
dark green patterns, and pale pink- purplish-pink flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) dark green zones. Has white or pink
lilac flowers, stained darker at mouths. long. In spring produces very broad, flowers, each with a dark purple stain
H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). semierect, basal leaves, ribbed at the mouth, just before or with leaves.
lengthwise. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
426
BDt Z8–9 H9–8 ADt Z4–9 H9–1 BDt Z5–9 H9–3
WINTER
WHITE
Galanthus ‘Atkinsii’ Galanthus nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’

Vigorous, late winter- and early spring- (Double common snowdrop)
flowering bulb with strap-shaped, Late winter- and early spring-flowering
semierect, basal, gray-green leaves. bulb with semierect, basal, gray-green
Each stem carries a slender, white leaves. Bears rosetted, many-petaled,
flower with a green mark at the apex double, white flowers, some inner
of each inner petal. H 4–10in (10–25cm), petals having a green mark at the apex.
S 2–3½in (5–9cm). H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
BEt Z3–9 H9–1 BEt Z3–8 H8–1

Galanthus elwesii Galanthus ‘Hill Poë’ Galanthus nivalis ‘Pusey Green Tip’
Late winter- and early spring-flowering Early spring-flowering bulb with Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with semierect, basal, gray-green strap-shaped, semierect, gray-green bulb with narrowly strap-shaped,
leaves that widen gradually toward tips. leaves. Produces rosetted, double, semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
Each inner petal of the white flowers white flowers, to 1¼in (3cm) long, with Each stem bears a white flower with
bears green marks at the apex and base, 4 larger outer petals and shorter, tightly many mostly green-tipped petals.
which may merge. H 4–12in (10–30cm), packed, green-tipped inner petals. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
BEt Z3–9 H9–1 BEZ4–7 H7–4 BEt Z3–8 H8–1
Crocus sieberi ‘Albus’ Galanthus gracilis Galanthus ikariae Galanthus plicatus subsp. byzantinus
Spring-flowering corm bearing narrow, Late winter- and early spring-flowering Late winter- and early spring-flowering Late winter- and early spring-flowering
semierect, basal leaves, with white bulb with slightly twisted, strap-shaped, bulb with strap-shaped, semi-erect, bulb. Semierect, basal, deep green leaves
lines along the centers. Scented, white semierect, basal, gray-green leaves. basal, glossy, bright green leaves. have a gray bloom and reflexed margins.
flowers have large, deep yellow areas Bears white flowers with 3 inner petals, Produces one white flower, 5⁄8–1in White flowers have green marks at bases
in throats and purple staining outside. each marked with a green blotch at (1.5–2.5cm) long, marked with a green and tips of inner petals. H 4–8in
H 1¼in–1¾in (3–4.5cm ), S 2in (5cm). the apex and base. H 4–6in (10–15cm), patch at the apex of each inner petal. (10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
427
AD Z3–8 H8–1 BEt Z3–9 H9–1 BEt Z3–9 H9–1 BEt Z3–9 H9–1
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SMALL
WINTER
WHITE
Galanthus woronowii Galanthus rizehensis

Late winter- to early spring-flowering Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with inversely lance-shaped, semi- bulb with very narrow, strap-shaped,
erect, basal, glossy to matt, dark to mid- semierect, basal, dark green leaves.
green leaves. Produces white flowers, Produces white flowers, 5⁄8–¾in (1.5–2cm)
¾–1in (2–2.5cm) long, with a green mark long, with a green patch at the apex
at the apex of each inner petal. H 4–6in of each inner petal. H 4–8in (10–20cm),
(10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). S 2in (5cm).
BEZ4–7 H7–4 BE Z3–9 H9–1

Galanthus nivalis ‘Sandersii’

Late winter- and early spring-
flowering bulb with narrowly strap-
shaped, semierect, basal, gray-green
leaves. Flowers, 5⁄8–¾in (1.5–2cm) long,
are white with yellow patches at the
apex of each inner petal. H 4in (10cm),
S 1–2in (2.5–5cm).
BEt Z3–8 H8–1
Cyclamen coum f. albissimum Galanthus nivalis ‘Scharlockii’ Cyclamen coum Pewter Group
Winter-flowering tuber with rounded, Vigorous, late winter- and early ‘Maurice Dryden’
deep green leaves, sometimes silver- spring-flowering bulb with semierect, Winter- to early spring-flowering tuber
patterned. Carries white flowers, each basal, gray-green leaves. Has white with rounded, silver leaves edged dark
with a maroon mark at the mouth. flowers, with green marks at the apex green. Produces a succession of white
H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). of inner petals, overtopped by 2 narrow flowers, occasionally pink-flushed, with
spathes that resemble donkeys’ ears. dark purple-pink mouths. H and S 4–5in
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). (10–12cm).
428
BDt Z5–9 H9–5 BEt Z3–8 H8–1 BDt Z5–9 H9–5
PINK YELLOW

Cyclamen coum Pewter Group Eranthis hyemalis (Winter aconite)
Winter- to early spring-flowering tuber Clump-forming tuber. Bears stalkless,
with rounded, dark green-margined, cup-shaped, yellow flowers, ¾–1in
silvery-green leaves, each with a (2–2.5cm) across, from late winter to
variable-sized, dark green center. early spring. A dissected, leaflike bract
Produces a succession of flowers in forms a ruff beneath each bloom.
shades of pink with dark purple-pink H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
mouths. H and S 4–5in (10–12cm).
BDt Z5–9 H9–5 BDt Z4–9 H9–1
Cyclamen coum Cyclamen persicum Lachenalia aloides ‘Nelsonii’ Lachenalia aloides var. quadricolor
Winter-flowering tuber with rounded Winter- or spring-flowering tuber with Winter- to spring-flowering bulb Winter- to spring-flowering bulb
leaves, plain deep green or silver- heart-shaped leaves, marked light and with 2 strap-shaped, purple-spotted, with 2 strap-shaped, semierect, basal
patterned. Produces bright carmine dark green and silver. Bears fragrant, semierect, basal leaves. Has a spike of leaves. Has a spike of 10–20 purplish-
flowers with dark stains at mouths. slender, white or pink flowers, 1¼–1½in 10–20 pendent, tubular, green-tinged, red buds opening to greenish-yellow
H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). (3–4cm) long and stained carmine at bright yellow flowers, 1¼in (3cm) long. or -orange flowers. H 6–10in (15–25cm),
mouths. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 4–6in H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). S 2–3in (5–8cm).
(10–15cm). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC).
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BDt Z5–9 H9–5 ADt H6–1 AD Z11 H11–10 AD Z11 H11–10
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WATER AND
BOG PLANTS
The sound and reflective qualities of water have long been used
to animate garden designs, and whether tiny or large, formal or
informal, every garden has space for a water feature. A pond,
pool, or container also greatly extends the range of plants that
you can grow. They are classified according to the depth of water
required for them to thrive, and include deep-water aquatics,
marginal plants, and moisture-lovers or bog plants. Together,
they offer a succession of interest, providing a diversity of
foliage, form, and flower color. Informal ponds with sloping
sides and richly planted banks will also attract a wide range
of wildlife, including frogs, toads, and birds.
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WATER AND BOG PLANTS
Still or moving water reflects light and adds a dynamic quality to garden
designs. It also greatly extends the range of plants that you can grow,
with aquatic and moisture-loving types injecting color, texture, and
form into water features. They also provide excellent wildlife habitat.
What are water plants?

The broad definition of water plants
includes all plants that grow rooted,
submerged, or floating in water. They
are further subdivided into deep-water
aquatics, surface- or free-floating plants,
marginals, and bog or moisture-loving
plants, depending on the depth of water
they require.
Water plants are grown for their beauty
and ornamental value, but when a wide
range of plants are grown together, they
also create a healthy ecosystem that
maintains the quality of the water in a
feature or pond. A balanced range of plants
will regulate the levels of light, oxygen, and

nutrients, helping to keep the water clear.

Submerged plants like hornwort
(Ceratophyllum demersum) are known
as “oxygenators.” These purify the water
by using up nutrients and excluding light,
which prevents algal growth. Surface- Ornamental planting ABOVE Patio feature
floaters, such as water hyacinths (Eichhornia To maximize the planting potential of Tiny but perfectly formed, this patio water feature,
fringed by ferns, supports flowering irises and arum
crassipes), also absorb dissolved nutrients. your pond, create areas at varying depths lilies. Flow from a pump helps to oxygenate the water.
Deep-water plants, including water lilies to accommodate different types. Begin
(Nymphaea), root at the bottom of ponds, planting at the center of your pond, using
while their flowers and leaves shade the deep-water plants, such as Cape pondweed box below for details on plant depths.)
surface, again helping to prevent the growth (Aponogeton distachyos) with its white Most water lilies need to root at depths
of algae. The roots of marginal plants are flowers that pop up at the surface, and the of 12–36in (30–100cm), depending on the
submerged, but their top growth is visible floating water soldier (Stratiotes aloides), species or cultivar. Dwarf water lilies, such
above the water, providing shelter for fish, which has spiky leaves; both require a as Nymphaea tetragona or slender water
amphibians, and other wildlife. depth of about 24–36in (60–90cm). (See irises (Iris laevigata) are good choices for
PLANTING DEPTHS
A pond with a range of planting depths allows you to grow a wide range water aquatics on bricks and lower them to their final depth as they grow.
of plants. Place plants at their appropriate depths, measured from the Fill the pool a few days before planting to allow the water to reach the air
top of the soil in their containers to the water surface. Support young deep temperature and become populated with beneficial microorganisms.
Bog plants are

planted deeply in
moist or wet soil. Marginal plants Deep-water aquatic plants Oxygenators root at the
grow in shallow root at the bottom of bottom of the pond or
water edges. the pond. float freely in the water.
6–39in (15–100cm)
to 12in (30cm)
6–39in (15–100cm)
432
a small pond or water feature. Marginal
plants thrive in shallow water. Many are
planted just below the surface, while water
irises prefer a depth of about 6in (15cm)
and pickerel weeds (Pontederia) like their
roots submerged to a depth of 12in (30cm).
Marginals help to disguise liners at the
edges of ponds, create reflections, and
provide wildlife cover. They have a range
of habits, from the bog bean (Menyanthes
trifoliata) with its clusters of white flowers
in spring, to the flowering rush (Butomus
umbellatus) with its umbels of small pink
flowers, and the large, calla-like blooms
of skunk cabbages (Lysichiton). Larger
areas can be enhanced by bold clumps
of cattails (Typha latifolia), while
architectural plants such as Pontederia
cordata provide focal points with their
leaves and flower spikes.
The damp areas around the edges of
a pond provide ideal conditions for bog
natives and moisture-lovers. In very wet
bogs, marginals will survive, but in drier advantage of an informal pool is that it offers ABOVE Marginal planting
conditions, opt for moisture-lovers. Bog versatility: its sinuous margins are longer than The curving edges of an informal pool offer ideal

conditions for marginals such as Pontederia cordata
gardens must have either drainage or water straight-sided ponds of a similar size, and the and Sagittaria latifolia. Marginals disguise plastic
flowing through them to provide oxygen sloping banks provide a range of planting liners and provide shelter for wildlife.
for the plant roots. depths, increasing your choice of plants.
In small gardens, avoid vigorously foul the water. Aim to reach a balance, so
spreading plants, such as the flag iris that rotting vegetation releases enough
Designing with (Iris pseudacorus) or Glyceria maxima. nutrition for next year’s growth, but not
water plants For architectural plants for bogs, try so much as to encourage algae.
Every garden has space for a water feature Filipendula camtschatica and Miscanthus Water plants are best divided and
and its associated plants, but match your sacchariflorus. Astilbes, trollius, primulas, repotted in spring as they start into growth.
plants to the size and design of your pond. and ferns provide color around the edges. Keep planting baskets weeded, removing
Informal pools have sloping sides and annual weed seedlings as they appear, as
boggy banks to attract birds, amphibians, Seasonal care well as surplus water-plant seedlings. This
and small mammals that prey on garden In fall, cut away dead foliage, trim over- task can be eased by deadheading the
pests. In winter, water that is more than sized plants, and remove weeds. It is also plants after flowering. Small ponds and
24in (60cm) deep will help creatures a good idea to place a net over ponds close water features will also need topping off
survive freezing temperatures. The great to deciduous trees, as the fallen leaves can in summer, using rainwater if possible.
PLANTING A POND
Submerged plants are planted in baskets rather than pots, using aquatic specimens that are free of algae and pond weeds. All submerged plants,
potting mix. Garden soil is unsuitable because it often contains nutrients such as water lilies and oxygenators, can be planted in the same way. Lift
that encourage the growth of algae. When choosing plants, look for healthy them from the pond for dividing and repotting every two or three years.
1 Use a pond basket

Choose a pond basket with small
holes to prevent soil from leaking out
2 Position the plant
Remove the plant from its pot and
put it in the center of the basket at the
3 Mulch with gravel
Clean any algae or duckweed
from the plant’s leaves and stems.
into the water. Place a layer of aquatic same level. Fill around the plant with Wash some pea gravel and apply a
Established water lily pond potting mix in the bottom. more potting mix, firming as you go. thin layer to stabilize the soil surface.
433
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WHITE
Calla palustris (Bog arum) Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf

Deciduous or semievergreen, arrowhead, Duck potato, Wapato)
perennial, spreading, marginal water Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with heart-shaped, glossy, mid- plant with curved, soft green leaves and
to dark green leaves. In spring produces sprays of white flowers in summer. It
large, white spathes usually followed can be invasive, so confine it in a basket.
by red or orange fruits. H 10in (25cm), H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm).
S 12in (30cm).
AFt Z4–8 H8–1 AF Z5–11 H12–5

Menyanthes trifoliata (Bog bean)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with 3-parted, green leaves on
floating, spreading stems. To control, cut
off extremities and replant. The fringed,
white flowers open from cerise buds in
early spring. H 9in (23cm), S indefinite.
AF Z4–8 H8–1
Lysichiton camtschatcensis Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Frogbit) Alisma plantago-aquatica

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, marginal Deciduous, perennial, floating water (Water plantain)
water or bog plant. Pure white spathes, plant with rosettes of kidney-shaped, Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
surrounding spikes of small, insignificant olive-green leaves and small, white plant with upright, oval, bright green
flowers, are borne in spring, before flowers during summer. Dormant buds leaves held well above water. Bears
large, oblong to oval, bright green leaves can be eaten by fish in winter, so move loose, conical panicles of small, pinkish
emerge. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). a few plantlets to a protected place. to white flowers in summer. May be
S 4–39in (10–100cm). invasive. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
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AFt Z5–9 H9–1 AF Z6–11 H11–7 AF Z5–8 H8–5
Saururus cernuus (Lizard’s tail) Hottonia palustris (Water violet)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Deciduous, perennial, submerged water
or bog plant. Has clumps of heart- plant. Dense whorls of much-divided,
shaped, mid-green leaves and racemes light green leaves form a spreading
of creamy flowers in summer. It can mass of foliage. Lilac or whitish flowers
become invasive. In small ponds and appear above water surface in summer.
water features keep this confined in Helps to suppress algae. Increase by
a basket. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm). division. S indefinite.
AF Z5–10 H10–5 AF Z5–11 H11–4

Acorus calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’ Acorus gramineus ‘Variegatus’
Semievergreen, perennial, marginal Semievergreen, perennial, marginal or
water plant. Swordlike, tangerine- submerged water plant. Narrow, stiff,
scented, mid-green leaves have cream grasslike leaves are dark green with
variegation and are flushed rose-pink cream variegation. Other cultivars with
in spring. Increase by division in mid- different colored foliage are available.
spring. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Useful for patio ponds. H 10in (25cm),
S 6in (15cm).
AF Z10–11 H11–2 AF Z10–11 H11–2
Astilboides tabularis Aponogeton distachyos Caltha leptosepala Stratiotes aloides (Water soldier)
Deciduous, clump-forming (Cape pondweed, Water hawthorn) Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Semievergreen, perennial, submerged,
perennial, bog plant with rounded, Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant with heart-shaped, dark green free-floating water plant. Spiny,
mid-green leaves, 3ft (1m) across. plant with floating, oblong, mid- to dark leaves and buttercup-like, white olive-green leaves are arranged in
In mid-summer produces plumelike green leaves, often splashed with purple. flowers produced in late spring and rosettes. Produces cup-shaped, white,
panicles of numerous, tiny, white Very fragrant, “forked,” white flowers early summer. Increase by division sometimes pink-tinged flowers in
flowers. H 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m). are borne throughout summer, often in mid-spring. H and S 12in (30cm). summer. Increases by producing
into winter. S 4ft (1.2m). small water buds. S 12in (30cm).
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BE Z5–7 H7–5 AF Z9–10 H11–10 AF Z5–8 H8–5 AF Z5–11 H12–5
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WHITE
Glyceria maxima ‘Variegata’ Leucojum aestivum

Herbaceous, spreading, perennial (Summer snowflake)
grass with cream-striped leaves, often Spring-flowering bulb with long,
tinged pink at the base. Bears open strap-shaped, semi-erect, basal leaves.
panicles of greenish spikelets in summer. Bears heads of pendent, long-stalked,
H 30in (80cm), S indefinite. bell-shaped, green-tipped, white flowers
on leafless stems. H 1½–3ft (50cm–1m),
S 4–5in (10–12cm).
AE Z4–9 H10–3 BE Z3–9 H9–1

Aruncus dioicus (Goat’s beard) Rodgersia podophylla

Hummock-forming perennial carrying Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
large leaves with lance-shaped leaflets with large, many-veined leaves that are
on tall stems and above them, in bronze when young and later become
mid-summer, branching plumes of mid-green, then copper-tinted. Panicles
tiny, creamy-white flowers. H 6ft (2m), of creamy-white flowers are borne well
S 4ft (1.2m). above foliage in summer. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 3ft (1m).
AD Z3–7 H7–1 AE Z5–8 H8–5
Schoenoplectus lacustris Arundo donax var. versicolor Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Trollius x cultorum ‘Alabaster’
subsp. tabernaemontani ‘Zebrinus’ Herbaceous, rhizomatous, perennial Deciduous, perennial, bog plant Clump-forming perennial producing
Evergreen, spreading, perennial sedge grass with strong stems bearing broad, with plumelike spikes of creamy- rounded, yellowish-white flowers in
with leafless stems, striped horizontally creamy-white-striped leaves. May bear white flowers in mid-summer. Leafy spring. These emerge from a basal mass
with white, and brown spikelets in dense, erect panicles of whitish-yellow stems bear divided, mid-green leaves. of rounded, deeply divided, mid-green
summer. Withstands brackish water. spikelets in late summer. H 8–10ft Self-seeds quite vigorously. H 3ft (1m), leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. (2.5–3m), S 2ft (60cm). S 24in (60cm).
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AF Z6–9 H9–6 AE Z7–9 H11–1 BE Z5–9 H9–1 AE Z5–8 H8–5
Zantedeschia aethiopica Rhynchospora colorata

‘Crowborough’ Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading,
Early to mid-summer-flowering perennial, marginal water plant or bog
tuber with arrow-shaped, semi-erect, plant with pointed, green-tipped, white
basal, deep green leaves. Produces a bracts surrounding an inconspicuous
succession of arum-like, white spathes, flower head in late summer. Has
each with a yellow spadix. H 18–36in linear, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves.
(45cm–90cm), S 14–18in (35–45cm). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.
ADt Z8–10 H10–4 AF Z7–10 H12–7

Sanguisorba canadensis Rodgersia aesculifolia
(Canadian burnet) Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
Clump-forming perennial. In late that is excellent for a bog garden or
summer bears slightly pendent spikes pond margin. In mid-summer, plumes
of bottlebrush-like, white flowers on of fragrant, pinkish-white flowers rise
stems that arise from toothed, divided, from crinkled, bronze foliage like that of
mid-green leaves. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), a horse-chestnut tree. H and S 3ft (1m).
S 2ft (60cm).
AE Z3–8 H8–1 AE Z5–8 H8–1
Iris laevigata ‘Rowden Starlight’ Rodgersia sambucifolia Lysimachia clethroides Anemone rivularis
Deciduous, perennial, marginal Deciduous, clump-forming, perennial, Vigorous, clump-forming, spreading Perennial with stiff, free-branching
water plant with single, white flowers bog plant with emerald-green leaves, perennial carrying spikes of small, white stems bearing delicate, cup-shaped,
in late spring and early summer. sometimes bronze-tinged, divided into flowers above mid-green foliage in late white flowers in summer above
Leaves are linear, smooth and mid- large, lobed leaflets. Bears broad spires summer. H 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). deeply divided, dark green leaves.
green. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). of creamy-white flowers in summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m).
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AFt Z3–9 H9–1 AE Z5–8 H8–5 AE Z4–9 H9–1 BDt Z6–8 H8–6
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PINK
Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred lotus) Darmera peltata (Umbrella plant) Cardamine raphanifolia Iris versicolor ‘Rowden Cadenza’
Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, marginal Spreading perennial with large, rounded Deciduous, almost evergreen, perennial, Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
water plant. Sturdy stems carry very leaves. Has clusters of white or pale pink bog plant with panicles of dark lilac plant or bog plant with single, white
large, platelike, blue-green leaves flowers in spring on white-haired stems flowers in late spring. Mid-green leaves flowers heavily veined cerise, borne
and, in summer, large, vivid rose-pink before foliage appears. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), are divided into oval to rounded leaflets. in late spring and early summer.
flowers, maturing to flesh-pink. Grow S 24in (60cm). Self-seeds readily. H 20in (50cm), Has linear, erect to slightly arching,
under glass. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m) above S 8in (20cm). mid-green leaves. H 30in (75cm),
water, S 4ft (1.2m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). S 18in (45cm).
AF Z4–11 H11–3 AE Z5–9 H9–5 BE Z3–9 H9–1 AFt Z3–9 H9–1

Butomus umbellatus (Flowering rush) Chelone obliqua (Turtlehead)

Deciduous, perennial, rushlike, Upright perennial that bears terminal
marginal water plant with narrow, spikes of hooded, lilac-pink flowers in
twisted, mid-green leaves and umbels late summer and fall. Leaves are dark
of pink to rose-red flowers in summer. green and lance-shaped. H 3ft (1m),
H 3ft (1m), S 1½ft (45cm). S 20in (50cm).
AF Z3–11 H8–5 BE Z3–9 H9–3
Cardamine pratensis (Lady’s smock) Filipendula rubra Liatris spicata

Deciduous, clump-forming, perennial, (Queen of the prairie) Clump-forming perennial. In late
marginal water plant or bog plant with Vigorous, upright perennial with large, summer bears spikes of crowded,
dense panicles of single or double, lilac jagged leaves and feathery plumes of rose-purple flower heads on stiff
or white flowers in spring. Has rosettes tiny, soft pink flowers on tall, branching stems that arise from basal tufts of
of glossy, dark green leaves divided stems in mid-summer. Will rapidly grassy, mid-green foliage. H 24in (60cm),
into rounded leaflets. H 18in (45cm), colonize a boggy site. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 12in (30cm).
S 6in (15cm). S 4ft (1.2m).
438
BE Z5–8 H8–5 BF Z3–9 H9–1 AD Z4–9 H9–1
RED
Astilbe ‘Fanal’
Leafy perennial with strong stems. In
summer bears neat, tapering, feathery
panicles of tiny, crimson-red flowers
that turn brown and keep their shape
in winter. Broad leaves are divided into
leaflets. Prefers rich soil. H 24in (60cm),
S to 36in (90cm).
BE Z3–8 H8–2

Rheum palmatum ‘Atrosanguineum’ Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal flower) Lobelia ‘Cherry Ripe’
Clump-forming perennial with very Deciduous, perennial, bog plant with Clump-forming perennial bearing
large, lobed, deeply cut leaves that are narrowly lance-shaped, fresh green spikes of cerise-scarlet flowers from
deep red-purple when young. Bears leaves. Produces spires of 2-lipped, mid- to late summer. Leaves, usually
large, fluffy panicles of crimson flowers brilliant scarlet flowers in summer. fresh green, are often tinged red-
in early summer. H and S 6ft (2m). H 30in (75cm), S 9in (23in). bronze. H 3ft (1m), S 9in (23cm).
ADt Z5–9 H9–1 AEt Z2–8 H8–1 AEt Z3–8 H8–1
Geum coccineum Iris fulva Sarracenia purpurea (Common

Clump-forming perennial with Rhizomatous, beardless iris. In late pitcher plant, Huntsman’s cup)
irregularly lobed leaves, above which spring or summer produces a slender, Evergreen, erect to semi-prostrate,
rise slender, branching, hairy stems slightly branched stem with 4–6 rosette-forming perennial. Inflated,
bearing single, orange flowers with (occasionally more) copper- or green pitchers are tinged purple-red.
prominent, yellow stamens in summer. orange-red flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) In spring, 5-petaled, purple flowers
H and S 12in (30cm). across, with 2 flowers per leaf axil. are borne above. H 12in (30cm),
H 18–32in (45–80cm), S indefinite. S 12–16in (30–40cm). Min. 41°F (5°C ).
439
AD Z5–8 H8–5 BFt Z6–9 Z9–6 BF Z2–9 H9–1
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WATER LILIES
These beautiful plants are often the focal point in a pond
or water feature, be it naturalistic or formal. The leaves
and flowers float on the surface, helping to control algae
and providing cover for fish and wildlife. There are nearly
400 species and selections available, with flower colors N. ‘Froebelii’ [medium] N. Laydekeri Group ‘Fulgens’ N. ‘Blue Beauty’ [tropical]
[medium]
in shades of white, yellow, pink, and red. Blue water lilies
are not hardy in frost-prone climates. Lilies vary in size,
and include miniature types that spread up to 24in (60cm)
in diameter and need a water depth of just 8in (20cm);
medium lilies, ranging from 3 to 5ft (1–1.5m); and large
types that extend 5–12ft (1.5–4m) or more—these require
a water depth of 24in (60cm) or more. All water lilies
thrive in full sun and must be grown in still water. For
more details, see the Plant Dictionary.
N. ‘James Brydon’ [medium]
N. ‘American Star’ [large] N. ‘Rose Arey’ [medium] N. ‘Black Princess’ [medium]
N. odorata var. minor [medium] N. ‘Helvola’ [miniature] N. Marliacea Group

‘Chromatella’ [large]
N. ‘Gonnère’ [large] N. tetragona ‘Alba’ [miniature] N. ‘Attraction’ [large]
N. ‘Firecrest’ [medium] N. ‘Lucidia’ [medium] N. ‘Lemon Chiffon’ [medium]
440
N. Marliacea Group ‘Albida’ [large] N. ‘Escarboucle’ [large] N. ‘Sunrise’ [medium]
BLUE
Iris ensata (Japanese iris) Iris setosa (Bristle-pointed iris) Pontederia cordata (Pickerel weed)
Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. Rhizomatous, beardless iris, very variable Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
Branched stem produces 3–15 purple in stature. Bears 2–13 deep blue or plant. In late summer, dense spikes
or red-purple flowers, 3–6in (8–15cm) purple-blue flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) across, of blue flowers emerge between
across, with a yellow blaze on each fall, from each spathe in late spring and early lance-shaped, glossy, dark green leaves.
from early to mid-summer. Many garden summer. Falls have paler blue or white H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
forms, including doubles and bicolors. marks; each standard is reduced to a
H 2–3ft (60–90cm), S indefinite. bristle. H 4–36in (10–90cm), S indefinite.
BFt Z3–9 H9–1 BFt Z3–8 H8–1 AF Z3–11 H11–1

Mimulus ringens Lobelia siphilitica
Deciduous, perennial, marginal water (Blue cardinal flower)
plant or bog plant with snapdragon- Clump-forming perennial with narrowly
like, mauve-blue flowers borne in oval, green leaves. Racemes of 2-lipped,
the leaf axils on tall stems from early blue flowers are produced in late
to mid-summer. Has lance-shaped to summer and fall. H 3ft (1m), S 9in (23cm).
narrowly oblong, toothed, mid-green
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 6in (15cm).
AF Z4–9 H9–4 AE Z4–8 H8–1
Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) Iris sibirica (Siberian iris) Myosotis scorpioides ‘Mermaid’
Fully- or semievergreen, perennial Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris. (Water forget-me-not)
water plant with glossy leaves and air- From late spring to early summer, a Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
filled stalks. Bears spikes of blue-lilac branched stem bears 2 or 3 dark-veined, plant for mud or very shallow water.
flowers in summer in warmer climates blue or blue-purple flowers, 2–4in Narrow, mid-green leaves form
but may be invasive. Ideal for indoor (5–10cm) across, from each spathe. sprawling mounds. Bears small, blue,
pools. S 9in (23cm). Min. 34ºF (1ºC). H 20–48in (50–120cm), S indefinite. forget-me-not flowers during summer.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
441
AF Z9–11 H11–1 BFt Z3–8 H9–1 AF Z5–9 H9–5
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BLUE GREEN
Pistia stratiotes (Water lettuce)

Deciduous, perennial, floating water
plant for a pool or aquarium, evergreen
in tropical conditions. Hairy, soft green
foliage is lettuce-like in arrangement.
Does not survive outdoors in cooler
climates. Replace annually. H and S
4in (10cm). Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC).
AF Z9–11 H11–4

Iris versicolor (Blue flag, Wild iris) Typha latifolia (Cattail) Trapa natans (Water chestnut)
Robust, rhizomatous, beardless iris. Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Annual, floating water plant with
Branched stem produces 3–5 or more plant with large clumps of mid-green diamond-shaped, mid-green leaves,
purple-blue, reddish-purple, lavender foliage. Produces spikes of beige flowers often marked purple, arranged in
or slate-purple flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) in late summer, followed by decorative, rosettes. Bears white flowers in summer.
across, from early to mid-summer. Falls dark brown seed heads. Invasive. In cooler climates it will not survive the
usually have a central white area veined Smaller species available. H to 8ft (2.5m), winter. Replace annually. S 9in (23cm).
purple. H 8–32in (20–80cm). S 2ft (60cm).
BFt Z3–9 H9–1 AF Z2–12 H12–1 AF Z14–15 H12–1
Veronica beccabunga (Brooklime) Iris laevigata ‘Weymouth Midnight’ Potamogeton crispus Sparganium erectum
Usually evergreen, marginal water plant Deciduous, perennial, marginal water (Curled pondweed) (Branched bur reed)
with creeping, hollow, fleshy stems and plant with double, deep blue flowers Deciduous, perennial, submerged water Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen,
rounded, mid-green leaves. Bears blue in late spring and early summer. plant that produces spreading colonies perennial, marginal water plant with
flowers with white centers from late Has linear, smooth, mid-green leaves. of seaweed-like, bronze-or mid-green narrow, mid-green leaves. Bears small,
spring to late summer. Grow in wet soil H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). foliage. Insignificant flowers are borne greenish-brown burs in summer. In
or water to 5in (12cm) deep. Invasive. in summer. Prefers cool water. Helps small to medium ponds, control
H 4in (10cm) S indefinite. to keep the water clear. S indefinite. in a basket. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
442
AF Z5–11 H12–5 AFt Z3–9 H9–1 AF Z7–11 H11–7 AF Z5–9 H9–5
Matteuccia struthiopteris
(Ostrich fern)
Deciduous, rhizomatous fern. Lance-
shaped, erect, divided fronds are
arranged like a shuttlecock; outermost,
fresh green, sterile fronds surround
denser, dark brown, fertile fronds.
H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm).
BF Z2–8 H8–1

Typha minima Gunnera manicata
Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Architectural perennial with rounded,
plant with grasslike leaves. Spikes prickly-edged leaves, to 5ft (1.5m) across.
of rust-brown flowers in late summer Has conical, light green flower spikes
are succeeded by decorative, black, in early summer, followed by orange-
cylindrical seed heads. Confine in brown seed pods. Needs mulch cover
a basket to keep under control. for crowns in winter and a sheltered site.
H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). H 6ft (2m), S 7ft (2.2m).
AF Z3–11 H12–1 AE Z7–10 H11–7
Myriophyllum verticillatum Peltandra virginica Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive fern) Osmunda regalis (Royal fern)
(Whorled water milfoil) Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Deciduous, creeping fern with Deciduous fern with elegant, broadly
Deciduous, perennial, spreading, plant with arrow-shaped, glossy, dark handsome, arching, almost triangular, oval to oblong, divided, bright green
submerged water plant, overwintering green leaves, 10in (25cm) long. Produces divided, fresh pale green fronds, often fronds, pinkish when young. Mature
by club-shaped winter buds. Slender an inconspicuous, green spathe with suffused pinkish-brown in spring. In plants bear tassel-like, rust-brown
stems are covered with whorls of finely a paler green spadix in late summer. fall, fronds turn an attractive yellowish- fertile flower spikes at ends of taller
divided, olive-green leaves. An excellent H and S 24in (60cm). brown. H and S 18in (45cm). fronds. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m).
water conditioner. S indefinite.
443
AF Z3–11 H11–1 BF Z5–9 H9–5 BF Z4–9 H9–1 BF Z2–10 H9–1
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YELLOW
Houttuynia cordata ‘Chameleon’ Caltha palustris (Marsh marigold)

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
groundcover, marginal water plant. plant that has rounded, dark green
Aromatic, leathery leaves are splashed leaves and bears clusters of cup-shaped,
yellow and red. Has small sprays of bright golden-yellow flowers in spring.
white flowers in summer. Needs some There are several varieties available.
sun to enhance variegation. Potentially H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
invasive. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
BF Z5–11 H11–1 AF Z3–7 H7–1

Lysichiton americanus Ranunculus lingua Orontium aquaticum (Golden club)

(Yellow skunk cabbage) Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant
Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, marginal plant with sturdy stems and lance- or, less suitably, marginal water plant.
water or bog plant. In spring, before shaped, glaucous leaves. Clusters of In spring, pencil-like, gold-and-white
large, fresh green leaves appear, yellow flowers are borne in late spring. flower spikes emerge from floating,
produces showy, bright yellow spathes. Increase by division in March. Spreads oblong, blue-gray or blue-green leaves.
Avoid planting it near streams, as it rapidly. Confine to a basket in smaller Needs a large basket. Increase by
spreads rapidly. H 3ft (1m), S 2.5ft (75cm). ponds. H 3ft (90cm), S 1½ft (45cm). division or seed. S 24in (60cm).
AFt Z7–9 H9–7 AFt Z5–9 H9–1 AF Z6–10 H10–4
Caltha palustris ‘Plena’ Nymphoides peltata (Water fringe) Nuphar lutea (Yellow water lily)
Deciduous, perennial, marginal Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant Vigorous, deciduous, perennial,
water plant with rounded, dark green with floating, small, round, mid-green deep-water plant for a large pool.
leaves. Bears clusters of double, leaves, often spotted and splashed with Mid-green leaves are leathery. Small,
bright golden-yellow flowers in brown. Produces small, fringed, yellow sickly-smelling, bottle-shaped, yellow
spring. Increase by division in March. flowers throughout summer. In smaller flowers open in summer, followed by
H and S 10in (25cm). ponds, keep under control in a basket. decorative seed heads. Increase by
S 24in (60cm). division in early spring. S 5ft (1.5m).
444
AF Z3–7 H7–1 AF Z6–11 H11–6 BF Z3–9 H9–1
Primula prolifera Mimulus x hybridus (Monkey flower)

Rosette-forming, evergreen, Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
Candelabra primula with bell-shaped, plant or bog plant bearing snapdragon-
yellow flowers borne in summer. like, yellow flowers, with red spots
Leaves are oval, toothed and pale in the throat, from midspring to summer.
green. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears toothed, mid- to dark green
leaves. Self-seeds freely. H 18in (45cm),
S 12in (30cm).
BE Z4–8 H8–1 BE Z9–10 H10–1

Iris pseudacorus var. bastardii Ligularia ‘Britt Marie Crawford’ Ligularia przewalskii
Deciduous, perennial, marginal water Clump-forming perennial with Loosely clump-forming perennial
plant or bog plant with single, pale heart-shaped, dark purple leaves with stems clothed in deeply cut, round,
lemon-yellow flowers in late spring and stems. In mid-summer has sturdy dark green leaves. Narrow spires of
and early summer. Leaves are broadly racemes of large, daisylike, orange small, daisylike, yellow flower heads
linear, ridged and mid-green. H 3ft (1m), flower heads. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). appear from mid- to late summer.
S 24in (60cm). H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 3ft (1m).
AFt Z5–8 H8–3 BEZ4–8 H8–1 AE Z4–8 H8–1
Primula florindae (Giant cowslip) Carex elata ‘Aurea’ Sarracenia flava (Yellow pitcher plant) Trollius europaeus (Globeflower)
Bold, rosette-forming perennial (Bowles’ golden sedge) Erect perennial with red-marked, Clump-forming perennial that in spring
with broadly lance-shaped, toothed, Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial yellow-green pitchers (modified leaves) bears rounded, lemon- to mid-yellow
mid-green leaves. In summer produces sedge with golden-yellow leaves. that have hooded tops. From late spring flowers above deeply divided, mid-green
large heads of pendent, bell-shaped, Solid, triangular stems bear blackish- to early summer bears nodding, yellow leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
sulfur-yellow flowers. H 4ft (1.2m), brown flower spikes in summer. or greenish-yellow flowers. H and S 18in
S 3ft (1m). H to 16in (40cm), S 6in (15cm). (45cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
445
BE Z3–8 H8–1 AF Z5–9 H9–3 AF Z7–10 H10–7 AE Z5–8 H8–5
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TENDER AND
EXOTIC PLANTS
Tropical and subtropical regions are home to a huge range
of plants, each thriving in varying growing conditions. If you live
in these areas, you can grow tender plants outside and create
dramatic planting schemes with architectural forms and exotic
flowers. In temperate regions, grow these exotic plants either
under glass or indoors as houseplants. There is a wealth of form,
color, and texture available, from plants with handsome foliage
to those with beautiful blooms, including bougainvilleas and
peace lilies. Unlike those grown outside, indoor plants are not
subject to seasonal extremes, and many need relatively little
attention, apart from watering, fertilizing, and annual repotting.
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TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Gardeners have long been fascinated by tender and exotic plants that
bring color and interest from all corners of the world. In warmer regions
many of these can be grown in the garden, but in cooler areas they’re
best treated as houseplants, at least for part of the year.
What are tender and flower, Anthurium andraeanum, peace lily, mainstay of beds and borders, even entire
exotic plants? Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Madagascar gardens, from jungle schemes to desert-
This group of plants originate from many jasmine, Stephanotis floribunda. Other style borders. In cooler areas, where they
parts of the world, including tropical and plants are more robust and can spend can only spend the warm summer months
subtropical areas, where they require the summer in sheltered positions in the outside, they can still play a prominent role.
temperatures no lower than 34–64°F garden, being brought back in before the Pot-grown plants like Agave americana,
(1–18°C), even in winter. Their specific first frost. These include Banksia coccinea, Ensete ventricosum, and even the bird of
cultural demands vary between plants and the Australian heath, Epracris impressa, paradise, Strelitzia reginae, for example, will
can be complex. In addition to warmth, and king protea, Protea cynaroides. all give a dramatic but temporary display in
many also require high light levels, long the garden, or on a deck or roof terrace.
growing seasons, and often either very Indoors, tender and exotic plants can be
arid or humid growing conditions. A small
Designing with put to many uses, from statement plants
few, including cacti and succulents, can tender plants in grand reception rooms, and year-round
tolerate frost if kept dry, but most cannot. The range of tender and exotic plants is greenery in conservatory planters, to lone
Where the climate allows, tender and vast, and includes many with bold flowers, windowsill potted plants for seasonal color.
exotic plants can be grown in the garden; attractive foliage, or an architectural habit.
where it doesn't, they must be grown With such a diverse variety to grow, they BELOW Dramatic foliage
are ideal for many different situations and The Japanese sago palm (Cycas revoluta) is one of
indoors. The most tender plants require

many tender shrubs that can be enjoyed indoors

planting styles. In areas where they can be

permanent protection and are commonly during winter, but can be put outside for summer.
grown as houseplants, including flamingo grown outdoors all year, they can form the It is grown for its sculptural foliage and habit.
ABOVE Exotic flowers for indoors

Frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is famed for its rich scent
and must be grown permanently in a large heated
conservatory, where it can become very large. It needs
a minimum winter temperature of 50°F (10°C).
ABOVE Conservatory climber

Bougainvillea is a vigorous shrubby climber in warmer
climates. It needs a minimum temperature of 45°F
448 (7°C), and must be treated as a large conservatory
plant in cooler areas.
LEFT In a natural setting
In their native hot, dry climates, cacti and other
succulents can achieve spectacular dimensions. Even
in cooler temperate gardens they can still make a bold
impression, but they must be brought in for the winter
and repositioned outside again each summer.
important to observe their natural growing

seasons by fertilizing and watering them
more frequently when they're in growth,
less so, if at all, when they are dormant.
Heated conservatories and greenhouses
provide the best indoor habitat for most
tender plants, although many also thrive in
houses. The care they require depends on
the plant, but as a guide, position sun-loving
plants near the windows, shade-lovers
farther away, and maintain high humidity
levels by standing your plants on trays of
moist gravel and misting them regularly.
Some plants, such as moth orchids,
Phalaenopsis, require good light but not
direct sunlight. This can be achieved by
positioning them by a north-facing window,
or on a shelf close to a bright window. Also
watch out for pests, which can flourish in
When choosing and positioning tender Caring for tender plants the favorable conditions you provide.
plants indoors, consider the conditions they Tender and exotic plants, like any other Finding areas that provide optimal

require. Light levels may be poor, even near garden plant, all have their preferred growing conditions for houseplants

windows, and air-conditioning and central growing conditions, so consider your site, indoors can be difficult, so it is worth
heating can create a dry atmosphere, which soil, and exposure carefully when planting making best use of them where they occur.
many plants dislike. Another consideration outdoors. This is even more important A good approach is to plant “community
is how large the plants will become; when growing them indoors as the plants planters” and grow plants that enjoy
many exotic plants commonly grown as are reliant on you for their care. The best similar conditions together in a single
houseplants, such as Swiss-cheese plant, approach is to try to mirror their natural container. This is ideal for sun-loving cacti,
Monstera deliciosa, and Bougainvillea, conditions as closely as possible, providing as well as epiphytic orchids and bromeliads
occupy considerable space over time, the same degree of heat, light, shade, that need high humidity, and insectivorous
although they can be pruned and trained. humidity, and ventilation. It is also very plants that prefer very moist soil.
MAKING AN ORCHID PLANTER

Orchids, such as Colmanara Masai gx ‘Red’, all require particular conditions least while they‘re in flower. This will serve as a temporary community-
to perform at their best. Where you have a suitable spot indoors, take full planter, which will benefit the plants, and also create a more attractive
advantage of it and position two or more plants in the same container, at display than growing them as individual specimens.
1 Make a base
Fill the base of a large, plastic-
lined container with clay pebbles
2 Position the plants
Place the orchids into the container,
making sure the top of their pots sit just
3 Dress the top
Add a layer of moss or decorative
material around the orchids to disguise
to hold the orchids in place, and to below the rim. Make sure the plants are the pots underneath. This will also
provide drainage and humidity. In a upright and facing the right direction, help maintain humidity, although if
permanent community planter, you before adding more pebbles to hold you use natural moss, it will need to
The completed planter should use a suitable planting mix. the plants in place. be sprayed regularly to keep it healthy.
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TENDER TREES
WHITE PINK RED
Agonis flexuosa Dombeya x cayeuxii (Pink snowball) Metrosideros excelsa (New Zealand
(Peppermint tree, Willow myrtle) Evergreen, bushy tree with rounded, Christmas tree, Pohutukawa)
Evergreen, weeping tree. Aromatic, toothed, hairy leaves to 8in (20cm) long. Evergreen, wide-spreading tree.
lance-shaped, leathery leaves are Pink flowers appear in pendent, ball- Oval, gray-green leaves are white felted
bronze-red when young. In spring– like clusters in winter or spring. beneath. Bears showy tufts of crimson
summer, mature trees bear masses of H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). stamens in winter. H to 70ft (20m),
small, white flowers. H 20–40ft (6–12m), Min. 50–55ºF (10–13ºC). S 30–70ft (10–20m). Min. 41°F (5°C).
S 15–30ft (5–10m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD Z10 H11–6 AD H11–10 AD Z11 H11–10

Syzygium paniculatum Chorisia speciosa (Floss silk tree) Brachychiton acerifolius

(Australian brush cherry) Fast-growing, deciduous tree, the (Illawarra flame tree)
Evergreen tree with glossy leaves, trunk and branches studded with Deciduous tree with clusters of bright
coppery when young. Has creamy- thick, conical thorns. Pink to burgundy scarlet flowers in late winter, spring
white flowers, with reddish sepals, flowers appear as indented, light green or summer before 3–7-lobed, lustrous
and fragrant, rose-purple fruits. leaves fall. H 50ft (15m), S 5ft (1.5m). leaves develop. H 50–120ft (15–35m),
H 30ft (10m) or more, S 10–30ft Min. 59°F (15°C). S 25–40ft (8–12m). Min. 45–50°F (7–10°C).
(3–10m). Min. 50°F (10°C).
AD Z10–11 H12–1 AD H11–10 ADM H11–8
Ficus elastica ‘Doescheri’ Ficus benjamina ‘Variegata’ Bauhinia variegata Grevillea banksii
(Rubber plant) Evergreen, dense, round-headed, Deciduous, rounded tree with broadly Evergreen, loosely branched tree or
Strong-growing, evergreen, upright weeping tree, often with aerial roots. oval, deeply notched leaves. Fragrant, tall shrub. Has leaves divided into 5–11
then spreading tree with oblong to Has slender, pointed, lustrous leaves magenta to lavender flowers, to 4in slender leaflets, silky-downy beneath.
oval, leathery, lustrous, deep green that are rich green with white (10cm) across, appear in winter–spring, Spider-like, red flowers appear in dense
leaves, patterned with gray-green, variegation. H 100ft (30m) or more, sometimes later. H 25–40ft (8–12m), heads intermittently throughout the
yellow and white. H 100–200ft (30–60m), S 50ft (15m) or more. Min. 59–64°F S 10–25ft (3–8m). Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). year. H 3–30ft (1–10m), S 6–15ft (2–5m).
S 70–200ft (20–60m). Min. 50°F (10°C). (15–18°C). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
450
ADt Z11 H11–10 ADt Z10–11 H11–10 AD H11–10 ADMt Z10–11 H11–10
PURPLE SILVER GREEN
Cordyline australis ‘Atropurpurea’ Leucadendron argenteum (Silver tree) Firmiana simplex Beaucarnea recurvata
Slow-growing, evergreen tree with Evergreen, conical to columnar tree, (Chinese parasol tree) (Elephant’s foot, Pony-tail)
purple to purplish-green leaves. Has spreading with age. Leaves are Robust, deciduous tree with large, Slow-growing, evergreen tree or
terminal sprays of white flowers in covered with long, silky, white hairs. lobed leaves, small, showy, lemon- shrub with a sparsely branched stem.
summer and small, globular, white fruits Has insignificant flowers set in silvery yellow flowers and papery, leaflike Recurving leaves, 3ft (1m) long, persist
in fall. H 10–30ft (3–10m), S 3–12ft (1–4m). bracts in fall–winter. H 20–30ft (6–10m), fruits. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). after turning brown. H 12–25ft (4–8m),
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 6–12ft (2–4m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 36°F (2°C). S 6–12ft (2–4m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
AD Z10–11 H11–10 AD Z10–11 H11–10 AD Z7–11 H11–8 AD H11–10

Meryta sinclairii (Puka, Pukanui) Corynocarpus laevigatus
Evergreen, round-headed tree with Evergreen, upright tree, spreading
large, glossy, deep green leaves. with age. Has leathery leaves and
Greenish flowers appear sporadically clusters of small, greenish flowers in
in spring to fall, followed by berry-like, spring–summer. Plumlike, orange fruits
black fruits. H 39ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). appear in winter. H 30–50ft (10–15m),
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 6–15ft (2–5m). Min. 45–50°F (7–10°C).
AEZ10–11 H12–9 AD Z11 H11–10
Jacaranda mimosifolia Dracaena draco (Dragon tree) Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm, Washingtonia robusta
Fast-growing, deciduous, rounded Slow-growing, evergreen tree with Chinese fountain palm) (Mexican fan palm)
tree with fernlike leaves of many tiny, a wide-branched head. Has stiff, Slow-growing, evergreen palm with Fast-growing, evergreen palm with
bright green leaflets. Has trusses of lance-shaped, gray- or blue-green a sturdy trunk. Has fan-shaped, glossy large, fan-shaped leaves and, in summer,
vivid blue to blue-purple flowers in leaves. Mature trees bear clusters of leaves, 3–10ft (1–3m) across. Mature tiny, creamy-white flowers in large,
spring and early summer. H 50ft (15m), orange fruits from mid- to late summer. trees bear loose clusters of berry-like, long-stalked sprays. Black berries
S 22–30ft (7–10m). Min. 45°F (7°C). H 10–30ft (3–10m) or more, S 6–25ft black fruits in fall. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft appear in winter–spring. H 80ft (25m),
(2–8m) or more. Min. 55ºF (13ºC). (5m). Min. 45°F (7°C). S 8–15ft (2.5–5m). Min. 50°F (10°C).
451
AD H11–10 AD Z11 H11–1 AD Z11 H11–10 AD Z13–15 H12–10
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TENDER TREES
GREEN YELLOW
Dracaena marginata ‘Tricolor’ Cyathea australis Ficus benghalensis Tecoma stans

Slow-growing, evergreen, upright (Australian tree fern) (Banyan, Indian fig) (Yellow bells, Yellow elder)
tree or shrub with narrow, strap- Evergreen, upright tree fern with Evergreen, wide-spreading tree with Evergreen, rounded, upright tree or
shaped, cream-striped, rich green a robust, almost black trunk. Finely trunklike prop roots. Has oval, leathery large shrub. Leaves have 5–13 leaflets.
leaves, prominently edged with red. divided leaves, 6–12ft (2–4m) long, leaves, rich green with pale veins, Has funnel-shaped, yellow flowers
H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). are light green, bluish beneath. to 8in (20cm) long, and small, figlike, from spring to fall. H 15–28ft (5–9m),
Min. 55ºF (13ºC). H 3–10ft (1–3m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). brown fruits. H 70–100ft (20–30m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
Min. 55ºF (13ºC). S 700ft (200m). Min. 59–64°F (15–18°C).
AD Z11 H11–1 AD Z10–11 H11–7 ADt H11–10 AD Z11–15 H12–10

Schefflera actinophylla
(Queensland umbrella tree)
Evergreen, upright tree with large,
spreading leaves of 5–16 leaflets. Has
large sprays of small, dull red flowers
in summer or fall. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft
(6m). Min. 61°F (16°C).
ADt Z14–15 H12–10
Archontophoenix alexandrae Dypsis lutescens Tabebuia chrysotricha

(Alexandra palm, (Golden-feather palm, Yellow palm) (Golden trumpet tree)
Northern bungalow palm) Evergreen, suckering palm, forming Deciduous, round-headed tree with
Evergreen palm with feather-shaped, clumps of robust, canelike stems. dark green leaves, divided into 3–5
arching leaves. Mature trees bear Has long, arching leaves of slender, oval leaflets, and rich yellow flowers,
sprays of small, white or cream yellowish-green leaflets. H 28ft (9m), 3in (7cm) long, borne in late winter or
flowers. H 80ft (25m), S 15–22ft (5–7m). S 20ft (6m). Min. 61ºF (16ºC). early spring. H 80ft (25m), S 60ft (18m).
Min. 59°F (15°C). Min. 61–4ºF (16–18ºC).
452
AD H11–10 ADZ14–15 H12–1 AD Z14–15 H12–10
TENDER SHRUBS
ORANGE WHITE
Chamelaucium uncinatum [white] Eriogonum arborescens Carissa macrocarpa ‘Tuttlei’

(Geraldton waxflower) Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub. Evergreen, compact and spreading
Evergreen, wiry-stemmed, bushy shrub. Small leaves have recurved edges and shrub with thorny stems and leathery
Each needle-like leaf has a tiny, hooked woolly, white undersides. Leafy umbels leaves. Has fragrant flowers in spring–
tip. Flowers ranging from deep rose- of small, white or pink flowers appear summer and edible, plumlike, red
purple to pink, lavender or white appear from spring to fall. H and S 2–5ft fruits in fall. H 6–10ft (2–3m) or more,
in late winter or spring. H 6–15ft (2–5m), (60cm–150cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 10ft (3m) or more. Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
S 6–12ft (2–4m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
ADM H11–10 AD H11–9 BDt Z9–11 H11–9

Plumeria rubra (Frangipani) Azorina vidalii Sparrmannia africana (African hemp) Dracaena sanderiana (Ribbon plant)
Deciduous, spreading tree or large Evergreen subshrub with erect stems. Evergreen, erect shrub or small tree. Evergreen, upright shrub with seldom
shrub, sparingly branched. Has fragrant Has coarsely serrated, glossy, dark Has large, shallowly lobed leaves branching, canelike stems. Lance-
flowers, in shades of yellow, orange, green leaves and racemes of bell- and clusters of white flowers, with shaped leaves, 6–10in (15–25cm) long,
pink, red and white, in summer–fall. shaped, white or pink flowers in spring yellow and red-purple stamens, in late are pale to gray-green, with bold,
H 22ft (7m), S 15ft (5m). Min. 55ºF (13ºC). and summer. H and S 16–24in (40–60cm). spring and summer. H 10–20ft (3–6m), creamy-white edges. H 5ft (1.5m),
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 6–12ft (2–4m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). S 16–32in (40–80cm). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
ADt H11–10 AD H11–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10 AD H11–10
Spathodea campanulata Westringia fruticosa Acokanthera oblongifolia Calliandra eriophylla (Fairy duster)
(African tulip tree, Flame-of-the-forest) (Australian rosemary) (Wintersweet) Evergreen, stiff, dense shrub. Leaves
Evergreen, showy tree. Leaves Evergreen, rounded, compact shrub. Evergreen, rounded shrub. Has fragrant, have numerous tiny leaflets. From late
have 9–19 deep green leaflets. Clusters Crowded leaves, in whorls of 4, white or pinkish flowers in late winter spring to fall has pompons of tiny,
of tulip-shaped, scarlet or orange- are white-felted beneath. White to and spring and poisonous, black fruits in pink-anthered, white florets, followed
red flowers appear intermittently. palest blue flowers open in spring– fall. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 5–12ft (1.5–4m). by brown seed pods. H 3ft (1m),
H 60–80ft (18–25m), S 30–60ft (10–18m). summer. H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 32in (80cm). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
Min. 61–64°F (16–18°C). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC).
453
AD Z13–14 H12–10 AD Z13–15 H12–9 ADt H11–10 AD H11–10
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TENDER SHRUBS
WHITE PINK
Pandanus tectorius ‘Veitchii’ Myoporum parvifolium Protea cynaroides (King protea) Pimelea ferruginea
(Veitch’s screw pine) Evergreen, spreading to prostrate shrub Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub. Evergreen, dense, rounded shrub
Evergreen, upright, arching shrub with semi-succulent leaves. In summer Water lily-shaped flower heads, with tiny, recurved, deep green leaves.
with rosettes of long, light green leaves has clusters of small, honey-scented 5–8in (13–20cm) wide, with silky-haired, Small, tubular, rich pink flowers appear
that have spiny, white to cream margins. flowers, white or pink with purple petal-like, pink to red bracts, appear in dense heads in spring or early
H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–12ft (2–4m). spots, and tiny, purple fruits in fall. in spring–summer. Leaves are oval and summer. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m).
Min. 55–61ºF (13–16ºC). H 24in (60cm), S 24–36in (60–90cm). mid- to dark green. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
Min. 36–41ºF (2–5ºC). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC).
AD H11–10 AD Z11 H11–10 ADM H11–9 ADM H11–10

Gardenia jasminoides ‘Veitchii’ Plectranthus fructicosus ‘James’ Protea neriifolia

Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, leafy Evergreen, erect, shrub. Purple stems Evergreen, bushy, upright shrub with
shrub with oval, glossy leaves up to bear broadly ovate, coarsely toothed, narrow leaves. Flower heads, about
4in (10cm) long and fragrant, double, fleshy, purple-veined, mid-green leaves. 5in (13cm) long, are red, pink or white,
white flowers from summer to winter. Bears terminal panicles of tubular pink the bracts tipped with tufts of black
H 6–40ft (2–12m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). flowers, with darker spots, to 12in (30cm) hair, and appear in spring–summer.
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). long, in late summer. H and S 5ft (1.5m). H and S 10ft (3m). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC).
Min. 41°F (5°C ).
BDM H11–10 ADZ9–10 H10–5 ADMZ11 H12–10
Dracaena fragrans Deremensis Chamelaucium uncinatum [pink] Calliandra haematocephala Chorizema ilicifolium
Group ‘Warneckei’ (Geraldton waxflower) [pink form] (Holly flame pea)
Slow-growing, evergreen shrub. Evergreen, wiry-stemmed, bushy shrub. Evergreen, spreading shrub. Leaves Evergreen, sprawling or upright shrub,
Erect to arching, lance-shaped leaves Each needle-like leaf has a tiny, hooked have 16–24 narrowly oval leaflets. with spiny-toothed, leathery leaves.
are banded gray-green and cream. tip. Flowers ranging from deep rose- Flower heads consist of many pink- Has spikes of bicolored, orange and
H 15–50ft (5–15m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). purple to pink, lavender or white appear stamened florets from late fall to spring. pinkish-red flowers in spring–summer.
Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). in late winter or spring. H 6–15ft (2–5m), H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–12ft (2–4m). H and S 3–10ft (1–3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
S 6–12ft (2–4m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
454
BD H11–1 ADM H11–10 AD H11–10 ADM H11–10
RED
Nerium oleander (Oleander) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘The President’ Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia)
Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub with Evergreen, bushy shrub with toothed, Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub.
leathery, deep green leaves. Clusters oval, glossy, dark green leaves. In Has small, greenish-red flowers
of salver-form, pink, white, red, apricot summer bears large, magenta-centered, surrounded by bright red, pink, yellow
or yellow flowers appear from spring bright pink flowers with prominent, or white bracts from late fall to spring.
to fall, often on dark red stalks. yellow anthers. H 8–15ft (2.5–5m), H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3–8ft (1–2.5m).
H 6–20ft (2–6m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
ADt H11–1 AD H11–1 AD H11–10

Justicia carnea (King’s crown) Epacris impressa (Australian heath)
Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub Evergreen, usually erect, fairly open,
with velvety-haired leaves. Has spikes heather-like shrub with short, red-tipped
of pink to rose-purple flowers in leaves. Tubular, pink or red flowers
summer–fall. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). appear in late winter and spring.
Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC). H 12–48in (30–120cm), S 12–36in
(30–90cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 ADM Z11 H12–10
Justicia brandegeeana (Shrimp plant) Medinilla magnifica Greyia sutherlandii

Evergreen, rounded shrub intermittently, Evergreen, upright shrub, with sparingly Deciduous or semievergreen, rounded
but mainly in summer, producing white produced, 4-angled, robust stems and shrub. Coarsely serrated, leathery
flowers surrounded by shrimp-pink boldly veined leaves. Pink to coral-red leaves turn red in fall. Spikes of small,
bracts. H 3ft (1m), S 24–36in (60–90cm). flowers hang in long trusses beneath bright red flowers appear in spring
Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC). large, pink bracts in spring–summer. with new foliage. H 6–15ft (2–5m),
H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 2–5ft (60cm–150cm). S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC).
Min. 61–64ºF (16–18ºC).
455
AD H11–10 BD H11–10 AD H11–10
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TENDER SHRUBS
RED
Nymania capensis Euphorbia milii (Crown of thorns) Solanum betaceum (Tree tomato) Sutherlandia frutescens
Evergreen, more or less rounded, Fairly slow-growing, mainly evergreen, Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub Evergreen, upright shrub. Has leaves
rigidly branched shrub or small tree. spiny, semi-succulent shrub. Clusters or small tree, upright when young, with of 13–21 gray-haired, deep green leaflets;
In spring has flowers with upright, of tiny, yellowish flowers, enclosed by large, heart-shaped, rich green leaves. bright red flowers in late spring and
pink to rose-purple petals. Bears 2 bright red bracts, open intermittently Has edible, tomato-like, red fruits from summer are followed by pale green,
papery, inflated, red fruits in fall. during the year. H 3ft (1m) or more, summer to winter. H 6–10ft (2–3m), later red-flushed, inflated seed pods.
H 6–10ft (2–3m) or more, S 3–6ft (1–2m). S 18in (45cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC). S 3–6ft (1–2m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). H 2–6ft (0.6–2m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m).
Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 ADt Z11 H11–1 ADZ11 H12–7 AD Z13–15 H12–9

Bouvardia ternifolia Leucospermum reflexum Ixora coccinea

(Scarlet trompetilla) Evergreen, erect shrub with ascending Evergreen, rounded shrub with glossy,
Mainly evergreen, bushy, upright shrub branchlets. Has small, blue-gray or dark green leaves to 4in (10cm) long.
with leaves in whorls of 3. Has tubular, gray-green leaves. Slender, tubular, Small, tubular, red, pink, orange or
bright scarlet flowers from summer crimson flowers with long styles are yellow flowers appear in dense heads
to early winter. H 24–36in (60–90cm), carried in tight, rounded heads in in summer. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m).
S 12–24in (30–60cm). Min. 45–50ºF spring–summer. H 10ft (3m), S 6–12ft Min. 55–61ºF (13–16ºC).
(7–10ºC). (2–4m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
Boronia megastigma Banksia coccinea Ardisia crenata Acalypha wilkesiana

Evergreen, well branched, wiry- Evergreen, dense shrub with toothed, (Coralberry, Spiceberry) (Copperleaf, Jacob’s coat)
stemmed shrub. Small leaves have 3–5 dark green leaves, gray-green beneath. Evergreen, upright, open shrub. Has Evergreen, bushy shrub. Oval, serrated
narrow leaflets. Fragrant, bowl-shaped, Flower heads comprising clusters of fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers leaves are 4in (10cm) or more long, rich
brownish-purple and yellow flowers bright red flowers with prominent styles in early summer, followed by long- copper-green, variably splashed with
hang from leaf axils in late winter and and stigmas are borne in late winter lasting, bright red fruits. H to 6ft (2m), shades of red. H 6ft (2m), S 3–6ft (1–2m).
spring. H 3–10ft (1–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). and spring. H 12–25ft (4–8m), S 5–12ft S 24in (60cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 61ºF (16ºC).
Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). (1.5–4m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
456
ADM H11–10 AD H11–10 BE Z8–11 H12–7 BDt H11–1
PURPLE GREEN
Prostanthera ovalifolia Polygala x dalmaisiana Sabal minor (Dwarf palmetto) Schefflera elegantissima (False aralia)
Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub Evergreen, erect shrub with small, Evergreen, suckering fan palm with Evergreen, upright, open shrub. Large
with tiny, sweetly aromatic, oval, grayish-green leaves. White-veined, stems mainly underground. Has leaves have 7–10 coarsely toothed,
thick-textured leaves. Cup-shaped, rich purple flowers appear from late leaves of 20–30 green or gray-green lustrous, gray-green, sometimes
2-lipped, purple flowers appear in spring to fall. H and S 3–8ft (1–2.5m). lobes. Erect sprays of small, white bronze-tinted, leaflets. H 25–50ft (8–15m),
short, leafy racemes in spring–summer. Min. 45ºF (7ºC). flowers are followed by shiny, black S 6–10ft (2–3m). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
H 8–12ft (2.5–4m), S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). fruits. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 10ft (3m).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–5 AD H11–9 AD Z12–15 H12–10 BDt Z14–15 H12–1

Dodonaea viscosa ‘Purpurea’ Iochroma cyaneum Portulacaria afra (Elephant bush) Cycas revoluta (Japanese sago palm)
Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. Evergreen, semi-upright, slender- Semievergreen, upright shrub with Slow-growing, evergreen, palmlike plant
Firm-textured leaves are flushed branched shrub. Tubular, deep purple- horizontal branches and tiny, fleshy, that may produce several trunks. Leaves
copper-purple. Has clusters of small, blue flowers, with flared mouths, appear bright green leaves. Clusters of pale have spine-tipped leaflets with rolled
reddish or purplish seed capsules in dense clusters from late fall to early pink flowers appear in late spring and margins. Bears tight clusters
in late summer or fall. Makes a good summer. H 10ft (3m),S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). summer. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). of reddish fruits in fall. H and S 3–6ft
hedge in a windy site. H 3–15ft (1–5m), Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). (1–2m). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
S 3–10ft (1–3m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–6
Tibouchina urvilleana (Glory bush) Brunfelsia pauciflora ‘Macrantha’ Encephalartos ferox Mimosa pudica
Evergreen, slender-branched shrub. Evergreen, spreading shrub with Slow-growing, evergreen, palmlike (Humble plant, Sensitive plant)
Velvet-haired leaves are prominently leathery leaves. Blue-purple flowers, plant, almost trunkless for many years. Short-lived, evergreen shrub with
veined. Has satiny, blue-purple flowers aging to white in about 3 days, Feather-shaped leaves, 2–6ft (60–180cm) prickly stems; needs support. Fernlike
in clusters from summer to early winter. appear from winter to summer. long, have many serrated and spine- leaves fold when touched. Has minute,
H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). H 3–10ft (1–3m), S 2–5ft (0.6–1.5m). tipped, leathery, grayish leaflets. H 3ft pale mauve-pink flowers in summer–
Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 50–55ºF (10–13ºC). (1m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Min. 50–55ºF fall. H 12–30in (30–75cm), S 16–36in
(10–13ºC). (40–90cm). Min. 55–61ºF (13–16ºC).
457
ADM Z13–15 H12–10 BDt H11–10 AD H11–10 BD H11–10
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TENDER SHRUBS
GREEN YELLOW
Rhapis excelsa (Miniature fan palm) Philodendron bipinnatifidum

Evergreen fan palm, eventually forming Evergreen, unbranched shrub. Glossy
clumps. Leaves are 8–12in (20–30cm) leaves, to 2ft (60cm) or more long,
long, composed of 20 or more narrow, are divided into many finger-like
glossy, deep green lobes in fan lobes. Occasionally produces greenish-
formation. H and S 5–15ft (1.5–5m). white spathes. H and S 15ft (5m).
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC).
BD H11–10 BDt H11–4

Ficus deltoidea (Mistletoe fig) Polyscias filicifolia (Fernleaf aralia) x Citrofortunella microcarpa
Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub Evergreen, erect, sparingly branched (Calamondin)
with bright green leaves, red-brown- shrub. Leaves are 12in (30cm) long and Evergreen, bushy shrub with leathery,
tinted beneath. Bears small, greenish- are divided into many small, serrated, leaves. Intermittently has tiny, fragrant
white fruits that mature to dull yellow. bright green leaflets. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), flowers followed by orange-yellow
H 15–22ft (5–7m), S 3–10ft (1–3m). S 3ft (1m). Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). fruits. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–10ft (2–3m).
Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). Min. 41–50ºF (5–10ºC).
ADt H11–1 BDt H11–1 AE Z13–15 H12–10
Polyscias guilfoylei ‘Victoriae’ Chamaedorea elegans Hibbertia cuneiformis Acacia pulchella

(Lace aralia) (Dwarf mountain palm, Parlor palm) Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub with (Western prickly Moses)
Slow-growing, evergreen, rounded Evergreen, slender palm, suckering small, oval leaves, serrated at tips. Has Semievergreen or deciduous shrub of
shrub or small tree with leaves that with age. Feather-shaped leaves of small clusters of bright yellow flowers, diffuse habit, with spiny twigs and rich
are divided into several oval to rounded, many glossy leaflets are 2–3ft (60–100cm) with spreading petals, in spring– green foliage. Tiny, deep yellow flowers
serrated, white-margined, deep green long. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). summer. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). appear in dense, globular heads in
leaflets. H 5ft (1.5m), S 32in (80cm). Min. 64ºF (18ºC). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC). spring. H 2–5ft (0.6–1.5m), S 3–6ft (1–2m).
Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC).
458
BDt H11–1 BD H11–1 AD H11–10 AD Z11 H11–10
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ORANGE WHITE
Senna corymbosa Pachystachys lutea (Lollipop plant) Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum Pandorea jasminoides (Bower vine)
Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen Evergreen, loose, more or less rounded (Croton) Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
shrub. Leaves have 4–6 oval, bright shrub, often grown annually from Evergreen, erect, sparingly branched climber with leaves of 5–9 leaflets.
green leaflets; sprays of bowl-shaped, cuttings. Has tubular, white flowers in shrub. Leathery, glossy leaves vary Has clusters of funnel-shaped, white
rich yellow flowers appear in late tight, golden-bracted spikes in spring– greatly in size and shape, and are flowers, with pink-flushed throats,
summer. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft summer. H 3ft (1m), S 18–30in (45–75cm). variegated with red, pink, orange or from late winter to summer. H 15ft (5m).
(1.5m–3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 55°F (13°C). yellow. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 2–5ft (0.6–1.5m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
Min. 50–55ºF (10–13ºC).
AD Z12–15 H12–8 BD Z11 H11–10 BEt H11–10 AD Z11 H11–8

Reinwardtia indica (Yellow flax) Nematanthus gregarius Dioscorea dodecaneura
Evergreen, upright subshrub, branching Evergreen, prostrate or slightly (Ornamental yam)
from the base. Has grayish-green leaves ascending shrub with fleshy, glossy Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
and small clusters of yellow flowers leaves. Inflated, orange and yellow climber. Heart-shaped, olive-green
mainly in summer but also during flowers appear mainly from spring leaves are 5–6in (12–15cm) long,
the year. H and S 24–36in (60–90cm). to fall. H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm) marbled silver, paler green and brown,
Min. 50ºF (10ºC). or more. Min. 55–59ºF (13–15ºC). and are red beneath. H to 6ft (2m).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 BE H11–9 BDZ11 H12–10
Senna didymobotrya Crotalaria agatiflora Isoplexis canariensis Beaumontia grandiflora

(Golden wonder) (Canary-bird bush) Evergreen, rounded, sparingly branched (Herald’s trumpet)
Evergreen, rounded, sometimes Evergreen, loose, somewhat spreading shrub. Bears foxglove-like, yellow to Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
spreading shrub with leaves of several shrub with gray-green leaves. Racemes red- or brownish-orange flowers in twining climber with rich green
leaflets. Spikes of rich yellow flowers of greenish-yellow flowers appear in dense, upright spikes, to 12in (30cm) leaves that are hairy beneath. Has
open from glossy, blackish-brown summer and also intermittently during tall, in summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). large, fragrant, white flowers from
buds throughout the year. H 8ft (2.5m), the year. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). late spring to summer. H 25ft (8m).
S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Min. 55ºF (13ºC). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC).
459
AD Z14–15 H12–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–9 AD H11–10
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TENDER CLIMBERS
WHITE PINK
Bougainvillea glabra ‘Snow White’ Lophospermum erubescens

Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen, Evergreen, soft-stemmed, scandent,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber perennial climber, sometimes woody-
with rounded-oval leaves. In summer stemmed, often grown as an annual.
has clusters of white floral bracts with Stems and leaves are downy. Rose-pink
green veins. H to 15ft (5m). Min. 45–50ºF flowers, 2¾in (7cm) long, are borne in
(7–10ºC). summer–fall. H to 10ft (3m) or more.
Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–1 AD H11–10

Epipremnum aureum ‘Marble Queen’ Clerodendrum thomsoniae Hoya carnosa (Wax plant)
Fairly fast-growing, evergreen, woody- Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed, Fairly vigorous, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, root climber. Leaves are scandent shrub with oval, rich green stemmed, twining, root climber. Scented,
streaked and marbled with white. Is leaves. Flowers with crimson petals and star-shaped flowers, white, fading
less robust than the species. H 10–30ft bell-shaped, pure white calyces appear to pink, with deep pink centers, are
(3–10m). Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). in clusters in summer. H 10ft (3m) or borne in dense trusses in summer–fall.
more. Min. 61ºF (16ºC). H to 15ft (5m) or more. Min. 41–45ºF
(5–7ºC).
BDt H11–1 BD H11–1 BD H11–8
Hoya lanceolata subsp. bella Stephanotis floribunda Syngonium podophyllum Mandevilla splendens

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, (Madagascar jasmine, Wax flower) ‘Trileaf Wonder’ Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
trailing shrub with narrowly oval, Moderately vigorous, evergreen, Evergreen, woody-stemmed, root climber. Has lustrous leaves and
pointed leaves. In summer bears tiny, woody-stemmed, twining climber with climber with tufted stems and arrow- trumpet-shaped, rose-pink flowers,
star-shaped, white flowers, with red leathery, glossy leaves. Scented, waxy, head-shaped leaves when young. with yellow centers, appearing in late
centers, in pendulous, flattened clusters. white flowers appear in small clusters Mature leaves have 3 glossy leaflets spring or early summer. H 10ft (3m).
H 18in (45cm). Min. 50–54ºF (10–12ºC). from spring to fall. H 15ft (5m) or more. with pale green or silvery-gray veins. Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC).
Min. 55–61ºF (13–16ºC). H 6ft (2m) or more. Min. 64ºF (18ºC).
460
BD H11–1 BD Z14–15 H12–10 BDt Z14–15 H12–10 BDt H11–10
RED

Mandevilla x amabilis ‘Alice du Pont’ Distictis buccinatoria
Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed, (Mexican blood flower)
twining climber with oval, impressed Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
leaves. Has large clusters of trumpet- tendril climber. Has trumpet-shaped,
shaped, glowing pink flowers in rose-crimson flowers, orange-yellow
summer. H 10ft (3m). Min. 45–50ºF within, from early spring to summer.
(7–10ºC). H to 15ft (5m) or more. Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BDt H11–1 AD Z9–11 H11–9
Clytostoma callistegioides Agapetes variegata var. macrantha Tropaeolum tricolorum Agapetes serpens

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- Evergreen or semievergreen, loose, Herbaceous climber with delicate stems, Evergreen, arching to pendulous,
stemmed, tendril climber. Each leaf scandent shrub that may be trained small tubers and 5–7-lobed leaves. Small, scandent shrub, best grown with
has 2 oval leaflets and a tendril. Small, against supports. Has lance-shaped orange or yellow flowers with black- support as a perennial climber. Has
nodding clusters of purple-veined, leaves and narrowly urn-shaped, white tipped, reddish- orange calyces are small, lance-shaped, lustrous leaves
lavender flowers, fading to pale or pinkish-white flowers, patterned borne from early spring to early and pendent flowers, rose-red with
pink, are borne in spring–summer. in red, in winter. H 3–6ft (1–2m). Min. summer. H to 3ft (1m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). darker veins, in spring. H 6–10ft (2–3m).
H to 15ft (5m). Min. 50–55ºF (10–13ºC). 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
461
BD H11–9 ADM H11–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10 BDM H11–10
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TENDER CLIMBERS
RED PURPLE
Kennedia rubicunda Hoya macgillivrayi Passiflora quadrangularis

(Dusky coral pea) Strong-growing, twining climber with (Giant granadilla)
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- thick stems and lustrous, dark green Strong-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber with leaves. From spring to summer, bears stemmed climber with angled, winged
leaves divided into 3 leaflets. Coral- large, cup-shaped, red-purple, purple stems. White, pink, red or pale violet
red flowers are borne in small trusses or brownish-red flowers, with dark red, flowers, the crowns banded white and
in spring–summer. H to 10ft (3m). Min. occasionally white-centered coronas. deep purple, appear mainly in summer.
41–45ºF (5–7ºC). H 15–25ft (5–8m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). H 15–25ft (5–8m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 BE H11–10 AD H11–10

Quisqualis indica (Rangoon creeper) Ipomoea indica (Blue dawn flower) Bougainvillea glabra ‘Sanderiana’ Aristolochia littoralis (Calico flower)
Fairly fast-growing, deciduous or Vigorous, perennial climber with Vigorous, mainly evergreen, woody- Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
semievergreen, scandent shrub, often evergreen, mid-green leaves. From stemmed, scrambling climber. stemmed, twining climber with heart-
grown as an annual. From late spring late spring to fall bears abundant, Rounded-oval, dark green leaves are to kidney-shaped leaves. Heart-shaped,
to late summer has fragrant flowers, funnel-shaped, rich purple-blue to blue edged with creamy-white. Has many 5in (12cm) wide flowers, maroon with
varying from orange to red, sometimes flowers, often maturing to purplish-red. bright purple floral bracts in summer. white marbling, are carried in summer.
pink. H 10–15ft (3–5m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). H 20ft (6m) or more. Min. 45ºF (7ºC). H to 15ft (5m). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). H to 22ft (7m). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
BD H11–10 ADt H11–9 AD H11–1 BD H11–10
Passiflora coccinea Hardenbergia violacea Bougainvillea glabra Gynura aurantiaca

(Red passion flower) ‘Happy Wanderer’ Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen, (Purple velvet plant)
Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed, Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining woody-stemmed, scrambling climber Evergreen, woody-based, soft-stemmed,
tendril climber with rounded, oblong climber. In spring, bears pendent with rounded-oval leaves. Clusters of semi-scrambling climber or lax shrub
leaves. Has bright deep scarlet flowers, panicles of deep mauve-purple flowers, floral bracts, in shades of cyclamen- with purple-haired stems and leaves.
with red, pink and white crowns, with yellow marks on upper petals. purple, appear in summer. H to 15ft (5m). Clusters of daisylike, orange-yellow
from spring to fall. H 10–12ft (3–4m). H to 10ft (3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC). flower heads are borne in winter. H 6–10ft
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). (2–3m), less as a shrub. Min. 61ºF (16ºC).
462
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–1 BD H11–10
GREEN
Solanum seaforthianum Cissus antarctica (Kangaroo vine) Monstera deliciosa Syngonium podophyllum
(Italian jasmine, St. Vincent lilac) Moderately vigorous, evergreen, (Swiss-cheese plant) Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
Evergreen, scrambling climber with woody-stemmed, tendril climber. Robust, evergreen, woody-stemmed, root climber with tufted stems and
nodding clusters of star-shaped, blue, Oval, pointed, coarsely serrated leaves root climber with large-lobed, holed arrowhead-shaped leaves when young.
purple, pink, or white flowers, with are lustrous, rich green. H to 15ft (5m). leaves, 16–36in (40–90cm) long. Mature Mature plants have leaves of 7–9
yellow stamens, from spring to fall, Min. 45ºF (7ºC). plants bear cream spathes, followed by glossy leaflets up to 12in (30cm) long.
followed by scarlet fruits. H 6–10ft scented, edible fruits. H to 20ft (6m). H 6ft (2m). Min. 61–64ºF (16–18ºC).
(2–3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC).
ADt Z12–15 H12–10 BD H11–10 BDt H11–10 BDt Z14–15 H12–10

Solanum wendlandii Asparagus scandens
Robust, mainly evergreen, prickly- Evergreen, scrambling climber with
stemmed, scrambling climber with lax stems and short, curved, leaflike
oblong, variably lobed leaves. Lavender shoots in whorls of 3. Tiny, nodding,
flowers appear in late summer and fall. white flowers appear in clusters of
H 10–20ft (3–6m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). 2–3 in summer, followed by red fruits.
H 3ft (1m) or more. Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
ADt Z13–15 H12–10 BDt H11–10
Petrea volubilis Tetrastigma voinierianum Philodendron scandens (Heartleaf)

Strong-growing, evergreen, woody- (Chestnut vine) Fairly fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber with elliptic, Strong-growing, evergreen, woody- based, root climber. Rich green leaves
rough-textured leaves and deep violet stemmed, tendril climber. Young stems are 4–6in (10–15cm) long when young,
and lilac-blue flowers carried in simple and leaves are rust-colored and hairy; to 12in (30cm) long on mature plants.
or branched spikes from late winter to mature leaves turn lustrous, deep H 12ft (4m) or more. Min. 59–64ºF
late summer. H 20ft (6m) or more. Min. green above. H 30ft (10m) or more. (15–18ºC).
55–59ºF (13–15ºC). Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC).
463
AD H11–6 BD Z14–15 H12–10 BDt H11–10
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TENDER CLIMBERS
YELLOW ORANGE
Tecoma capensis ‘Aurea’ Solandra maxima Thunbergia mysorensis Canarina canariensis

Erect, scrambling, evergreen shrub (Cup of gold, Golden-chalice vine) Evergreen, woody-stemmed, (Canary Island bellflower)
or climber with lustrous, mid- to dark Strong-growing, evergreen, woody- twining climber. Has narrow leaves Herbaceous, tuberous, scrambling
green leaves. Racemes, to 6in (15cm) stemmed, scrambling climber with and pendent spikes of flowers with climber with triangular, serrated leaves.
long, of slender, tubular, yellow flowers, glossy leaves. In spring–summer bears yellow tubes and recurved, reddish- Has waxy, orange flowers with red veins
to 2in (5cm) long, are borne mainly in fragrant, pale yellow, later golden brown lobes from spring to fall. from late fall to spring. H 6–10ft (2–3m).
summer. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). Min. flowers. H 23–30ft (7–10m) or more. H 20ft (6m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
41ºF (5ºC). Min. 55–61ºF (13–16ºC).
AD Z12–15 H12–10 ADt Z11–1 H12–6 AD Z14–15 H12–6 AD H11–10

Senecio macroglossus ‘Variegatus’ Streptosolen jamesonii

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining (Marmalade bush)
climber with triangular, fleshy leaves, Evergreen or semievergreen, loosely
bordered in white to cream, and, mainly scrambling shrub. Has oval, finely
in winter, daisylike, cream flower heads. corrugated leaves and, mainly in
H 10ft (3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). spring–summer, many bright orange
flowers. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
ADt Z12–15 H12–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10
Allamanda cathartica ‘Hendersonii’ Stigmaphyllon ciliatum Pyrostegia venusta (Flame flower,

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- Flame vine, Golden shower)
stemmed, scrambling climber. Has stemmed, twining climber with heart- Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
lance-shaped leaves in whorls and shaped, pale green leaves fringed with stemmed, tendril climber with clusters
trumpet-shaped, rich bright yellow hairs. Bright yellow flowers with ruffled of tubular, golden-orange flowers
flowers in summer–fall. H to 15ft (5m). petals appear in spring–summer. H 15ft from fall to spring. H 30ft (10m) or
Min. 55–59ºF (13–15ºC). (5m) or more. Min. 59–64ºF (15–18ºC). more. Min. 55–59ºF (13–15ºC).
464
BDt H11–10 BD Z14–15 H12–10 AD H11–10
TENDER PERENNIALS
WHITE
Chlorophytum comosum ‘Vittatum’ Ctenanthe oppenheimiana ‘Tricolor’ Ruellia devosiana

Evergreen, tufted, rosette-forming Robust, evergreen, bushy perennial. Evergreen, bushy subshrub with
perennial. Long, narrow, lance-shaped, Has leathery, lance-shaped leaves, over spreading, purplish branches. Leaves
creamy-white leaves have green stripes 12in (30cm) long, splashed with large, are broadly lance-shaped, dark green
and margins. Irregularly has small, star- cream blotches, and, intermittently, with paler veins above and purple below.
shaped, white flowers on thin stems. spikes of 3-petaled, white flowers. Has mauve-tinged, white flowers in
H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). H and S 3ft (1m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). spring–summer. H and S to 18in (45cm)
or more. Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BD H11–10 BE H11–10 BE Z14–15 H12–10

Streptocarpus ‘Crystal Ice’ Pilea cadierei (Aluminium plant) Dieffenbachia seguine ‘Exotica’
Herbaceous, stemless, basal-rosetted Evergreen, bushy perennial with Evergreen, tufted perennial, sometimes
perennial with long, narrowly strap- broadly oval leaves, each with a sharply woody at the base. Broadly lance-shaped
shaped, wrinkled, lightly hairy, green pointed tip and raised, silvery patches leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, are blotched
leaves. Produces clusters of 7–13 that appear quilted. Has insignificant, with creamy-white. H and S 3ft (1m)
funnel-shaped, white flowers, with greenish flowers. H and S 12in (30cm). or more. Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
blue veins, in winter. H 16in (40cm), Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C ).
CEZ11 H12–10 BD H11–1 BDt H11–1
Coelogyne cristata Peperomia caperata (Emerald ripple) Anthurium crystallinum Episcia dianthiflora (Laceflower)
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool Evergreen, bushy perennial with pinkish (Crystal anthurium) Evergreen perennial with creeping
greenhouse. In winter produces crisp, leaf stalks. Has oval, fleshy, wrinkled, Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial. prostrate stems. Has thick, velvety
white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, and dark green leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, with Long, velvety, dark green leaves are leaves with brownish midribs and,
marked orange on each lip. Narrowly sunken veins; spikes of white flowers distinctively pale green- to white- intermittently, pure white flowers
oval leaves are 3–4in (8–10cm) long. appear irregularly. H and S to 6in (15cm). veined. Has long-lasting, red-tinged, with fringed petals. H 6in (15cm),
Needs good light in summer. H 12in Min. 50ºF (10ºC). green spathes. H to 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
(30cm), S 24in (60cm). Min. 50°F (10°C). S to 24in (60cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
465
BE H11–6 BD H11–1 BEt H11–10 BD H11–6
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ORCHIDS
Elegant and exotic, orchids are prized for their unusual
flowers. There are two main groups. Terrestrials [t] grow
in a wide range of habitats in the wild; many are at least
frost hardy. Epiphytes [e], the more showy of the two
and mostly native to the tropics, cling to tree branches
or rocks, obtaining nourishment through their leaves and Calanthe vestita [t] Paphiopedilum Rhynchostele rossii [e]
Freckles gx t [t]
aerial roots. An aura of mystique surrounds these plants,
but their cultivation is not always difficult and some
thrive indoors as houseplants. They need special growing
medium and in cool climates must be grown under glass.
An orchid hybrid is called a grex [gx], from the Latin for a
flock. A grex name applies to all the individual seedlings
from any given cross, the individual plants of which may also
be given cultivar names. Several cultivars may also be given
a Group name within a grex. See also the Plant Dictionary.
Cymbidium Portelet
Bay gx t [e]
Masdevallia tovarensis [e] Oncidium alexandrae [e] Cypripedium reginae [t] Spiranthes cernua [t] Brassavola nodosa [e]
Miltoniopsis Robert Strauss gx Dendrobium infundibulum [e] Coelogyne nitida [e] Coelogyne flaccida [e] Ophrys tenthredinifera [t] Laelia anceps [e]
‘Ardingly’ [e]
x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Pleione bulbocodioides [t] Dendrobium nobile [e]

Mount Adams gx [e]
Oncidium sotoanum [e] Vanda Rothschildiana gx [e] Anacamptis morio [t]
466
Phalaenopsis Lady Pink Lips gx [e] Bletilla striata [t] Guarianthe bowringiana [e] Masdevallia coccinea [e] Zygopetalum Perrenoudii gx [e]
Oncidium Hambühren Stern gx Phaius tankervilleae [t] Miltoniopsis Anjou gx Ada aurantiaca [e] Cymbidium Caithness Ice gx
‘Cheam’ [e] ‘St. Patrick’ [e] ‘Trinity’ t [e]
x Oncidopsis Cambria gx Cymbidium x Cattlianthe Rojo gx Oncidium Tigersun gx Masdevallia wagneriana [e] Oncidium Artur Elle gx
‘Lensing’s Favorite’ [e] Strathkanaid gx t [e] ‘Mont Millais’ [e] ‘Orbec’ [e] ‘Colombien’ [e]
Paphiopedilum Oncidium Memoria Phalaenopsis Lundy gx [e] Paphiopedilum Buckhurst gx

bellatulum t [t] Commander Wiggs gx ‘Kay’ [e] ‘Mont Millais’ t [t]
Paphiopedilum Lyric gx Paphiopedilum Paphiopedilum fairrieanum Paphiopedilum armeniacum Rossioglossum grande [e]
‘Glendora’ t [t] Maudiae gx t [t] t [t]
Oncidium Eric Young gx [e] Paphiopedilum

rothschildianum
Gomesa flexuosa [e] Brasiliorchis porphyrostele [e] Oncidium Julie Barbara Lycaste cruenta [e] x Cattlianthe Hazel Boyd gx
Good gx [e] ‘Apricot Glow’ [e]
467
Cymbidium elegans t [e] Oncidium tigrinum [e] Ophrys lutea [t] Phragmipedium besseae Psychopsis papilio [e]
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TENDER PERENNIALS
WHITE
Tradescantia fluminensis ‘Albovittata’ Spathiphyllum wallisii

Strong-growing, evergreen perennial (Peace lily, White sails)
with trailing, rooting stems. Bluish- Evergreen, tufted, rhizomatous
green leaves have broad, white stripes. perennial. Has clusters of long, lance-
Bears small, white flowers. H 12in (30cm), shaped leaves. Fleshy, white spadices
S indefinite. Min. 59ºF (15ºC). of fragrant flowers in white spathes
are irregularly produced. H and S 12in
(30cm) or more. Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
ADt Z13–15 H12–1 BEt Z14–15 H12–1

Spathiphyllum ‘Mauna Loa’

Robust, evergreen, tufted perennial
with rhizomes. Has long, lance-
shaped, glossy leaves. Irregularly
bears fleshy, white spadices of fragrant
flowers enclosed in large, oval, white
spathes. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm).
Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BEt Z14–15 H12–6
Fittonia albivenis Argyroneura Group Aglaonema commutatum ‘Treubii’ Angraecum sesquipedale

(Silver net-leaf) Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid. Waxy, white
Evergreen, creeping perennial with Lance-shaped leaves, to 12in (30cm) flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with a 12in (30cm)
small, oval, white-veined, olive- long, are marked with pale green long spur, are borne, usually 2 to a stem, in
green leaves. Remove flowers if they or silver. Occasionally has greenish- winter. Has narrow, semi-rigid, horizontal
form. H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite. white spathes. H and S to 18in (45cm). leaves, 6in (15cm) long. Needs shade in
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). summer but full light in winter. H and
S 12in (30cm) or more. Min. 55°F (13°C).
468
BD H11–1 BDt H11–1 BE H11–10
PINK
Achimenes ‘Little Beauty’ Streptocarpus ‘Nicola’ Saintpaulia ‘Colorado’

Bushy perennial with oval, toothed Evergreen, stemless perennial with a Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial
leaves. Large, funnel-shaped, deep pink rosette of strap-shaped, wrinkled leaves. (Standard Group saintpaulia) with
flowers with yellow eyes are carried in Funnel-shaped, rose-pink flowers are broadly ovate to oval, dark green leaves.
summer. H 10in (25cm), S 12in (30cm). produced intermittently in small clusters. Produces star-shaped, frilled, single,
Min. 50ºF (10ºC). H 10in (25cm), S 20in (50cm). Min. magenta flowers throughout the year.
50–59ºF (10–15ºC). H 6–8in (15–20cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).
AD H11–1 BE Z13–15 H12–10 BD H12–10

Kohleria digitaliflora
Erect, bushy, rhizomatous perennial
with white-haired stems. Has scalloped,
hairy leaves and clusters of tubular,
hairy, pink-and-white flowers, with
purple-spotted, green lobes, in
summer–fall. H 24in (60cm) or more,
S 18in (45cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BE H11–10
Tradescantia sillamontana Oplismenus africanus ‘Variegatus’ Tradescantia zebrina

Evergreen, erect perennial. Oval, stem- Evergreen, creeping, perennial grass (Silver inch plant, wandering Jew)
clasping leaves are densely covered with wiry, rooting stems. White-striped Evergreen, trailing or mat-forming
with white, woolly hairs. Has clusters leaves, with wavy margins, are often perennial. Bluish-green leaves, purple-
of small, bright purplish-pink flowers tinged pink. Bears inconspicuous tinged beneath, have 2 broad, silver
in summer. H and S to 12in (30cm). flowers intermittently. H 8in (20cm) bands. Has pink or violet-blue flowers
Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC). or more, S indefinite. Min. 54ºF (12ºC). intermittently during the year. H 6in
(15cm), S indefinite. Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
469
ADt Z14–15 H12–10 BD H11–1 ADt Z14–15 H12–1
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TENDER PERENNIALS
PINK RED
Anigozanthos manglesii Columnea x banksii Anthurium andraeanum

(Red-and-green kangaroo paw) Evergreen, trailing perennial with (Flamingo flower)
Vigorous, bushy perennial that bears oval, fleshy leaves, glossy above, Evergreen, erect perennial. Long-
racemes of large, tubular, woolly, purplish-red below. Tubular, hooded, stalked, oval leaves, with a heart-
red-and-green flowers in spring brilliant red flowers, to 3in (8cm) long, shaped base, are 8in (20cm) long. Has
and early summer. Has long, narrow, appear from spring to winter. Makes long-lasting, bright red spathes with
gray-green leaves. May suffer from a useful plant for a hanging basket. yellow spadices. H 24–30in (60–75cm),
ink disease. H 3ft (1m), S 1½ft (45cm). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Min. 59ºF (15ºC). S 20in (50cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
ADM Z10–11 H11–10 BE H11–10 BEt H11–10

Musa ornata (Flowering banana) Doryanthes palmeri Russelia equisetiformis (Coral plant) Sinningia ‘Switzerland’
Evergreen, palmlike, suckering perennial Evergreen perennial with a rosette of Evergreen, branching, bushy subshrub Short-stemmed, tuberous perennial
with oblong, waxy, bluish-green leaves arching, ribbed leaves, to 6ft (2m) long. with rushlike stems and tiny leaves. with rosettes of oval, velvety leaves,
to 6ft (2m) long. In summer has erect, Intermittently bears panicles of small, Showy, pendent clusters of tubular, to 8in (20cm) long. In summer has large,
yellow-orange flowers with pinkish red-bracted, orange-red flowers, white scarlet flowers appear in summer–fall. fleshy, trumpet-shaped, bright scarlet
bracts and greenish-yellow fruits. H to within. Flowers are often replaced by H to 3ft (1m) or more, S 2ft (60cm). flowers with ruffled, white borders.
10ft (3m), S 7ft (2.2m). Min. 64ºF (18ºC). bulbils. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 8ft (2.5m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). H to 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD Z11–12 H12–1 BE Z14–15 H12–10
Caladium bicolor ‘Pink Beauty’ Bromelia balansae (Heart of flame) Kohleria eriantha Columnea crassifolia
Tufted, tuberous perennial. Has Evergreen, clump-forming, basal-rosetted Robust, bushy, rhizomatous perennial Evergreen, shrubby perennial with
long-stalked, triangular, pink-mottled, perennial bearing strap-shaped, arching, with reddish-haired stems. Oval leaves, fleshy, lance-shaped leaves. Erect,
green leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, gray-green leaves with hooked spines. to 5in (13cm) long, are edged with tubular, hairy, scarlet flowers, about
with darker pink veins. White spathes Club-shaped panicles of tubular, red or red hairs. Has tubular, red flowers, 3in (8cm) long, each with a yellow throat,
appear in summer. H and S 36in (90cm). purple flowers, with long, bright red with yellow-spotted lobes, in nodding are carried from spring to fall. H and
Min. 66ºF (19ºC). bracts, are borne in spring–summer. H 3ft clusters in summer. H and S 3ft (1m) S to 18in (45cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
(1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Min. 41–45ºF (5–7ºC). or more. Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
470
BEt H11–4 AD H11–1 BE H11–10 BE H11–10
BROMELIADS
Bromeliads, or plants that belong to the family Bromeliaceae,
are distinguished by their bold, usually rosetted foliage
and showy flowers in shades of white, red, or purple, borne
in dense, cylindrical or conical inflorescences in summer.
The flowers are followed by ovoid yellow fruits containing
large brown seeds. Many bromeliads are epiphytes, or
air plants (absorbing their food through moisture in the
atmosphere), and will grow outdoors only in tropical
regions. In cooler climates, bromeliads make attractive
houseplants or will thrive in a warm greenhouse. Follow
watering instructions with care.
Tillandsia argentea
Ananas bracteatus Aechmea fasciata

var. tricolor
Smithiantha ‘Orange King’
Strong-growing, erect, rhizomatous
perennial. Large, scalloped, velvety
leaves are emerald-green with dark
red-marked veins. In summer–fall
has tubular, orange-red flowers,
red-spotted within and with yellow lips.
H and S to 24in (60cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BD Z14–15 H12–10
Cryptanthus bivittatus Aechmea recurvata
‘Pink Starlight’
Neoregelia concentrica Vriesea splendens
Episcia cupreata (Flame violet) Nautilocalyx lynchii

Evergreen, creeping perennial. Robust, evergreen, erect, bushy
Has small, downy, wrinkled leaves, perennial. Broadly lance-shaped, slightly
usually silver-veined or -banded, and, wrinkled leaves are glossy, greenish-red
intermittently, scarlet flowers marked above, reddish beneath. In summer has
yellow within. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. tubular, red-haired, pale yellow flowers
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). with red calyces. H and S to 24in (60cm).
Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
471
BD H11–7 BD H11–1
Tillandsia stricta Tillandsia lindenii Puya chilensis
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TENDER PERENNIALS
AFRICAN VIOLETS PURPLE

African violet is the common name for the genus
Saintpaulia, although it is often applied to the numerous
cultivars derived from S. ionantha. These low-growing,
rosetted, evergreen perennials have a wide range of
attractive flower colors, varying from white, pink, blue,
and violet, to bi- or multicolored. Their petal edges can
be ruffled, rounded, frilled, or fringed, and leaves are
somewhat succulent, usually hairy, and, in some cases,
variegated. They may be grown as summer bedding
in warm, humid climates but also make attractive
houseplants, flowering freely throughout the year if
kept in a suitable draft-free, light, humid location.
Peliosanthes arisanensis Tetranema roseum

Evergreen perennial with slow- (Mexican foxglove, Mexican violet)
spreading rhizomes. Stems have oblong, Short-stemmed perennial with crowded,
pleated, thin-textured, light green leaves, stalkless leaves, bluish-green beneath.
8-12in (20-30cm) long, and in spring bear Intermittently, has nodding, purple
spikes of up to 20, 6-petaled, nodding, flowers with paler throats. H to 8in
purple-centered, yellow flowers. H 12in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
(30cm), S 16in (40cm). Min. 32ºF (0ºC).
CEMZ10–11 H11–9 BD Z10–15 H12–10
S. ‘Garden News’ S. ‘Powder Keg’
S. ‘Starry Trail’ S. ‘Pip Squeek’

Heterocentron elegans Calathea sanderiana
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
with dense, creeping, mid-green Broadly oval, leathery, glossy leaves, to
foliage. Massed, bright deep purple 2ft (60cm) long, are dark green with pink
flowers open in summer–fall and, to white lines above, and purple beneath.
under glass, in winter. H 2in (5cm), Intermittently has short spikes of white
S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC). to mauve flowers. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m),
S 3ft (1m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
AD H11–1 BD H11
S. ‘Porcelain’
S. ‘Ice Maiden’ S. ‘Falling Raindrops’
Browallia speciosa (Bush violet) Alocasia cuprea

Bushy perennial, usually grown as an Evergreen, tufted perennial. Oval
annual, propagated by seed each year. leaves are 12in (30cm) long, with a
Has oval leaves to 4in (10cm) long and metallic sheen and darker, impressed
showy, violet-blue flowers with white veins above, purple below; leaf stalks
eyes, the season depending when sown. arise from the lower surface. Purplish
H 24–30in (60–75cm), S 18in (45cm). spathes appear intermittently. H and
Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC). S to 3ft (1m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
472
AD Z10–11 H8–1 BDt H11–10
S. ‘Zoja’ S. ‘Bright Eyes’
BLUE GREEN
Chirita lavandulacea Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)

Evergreen, erect perennial with downy, Evergreen, insectivorous perennial with
pale green leaves to 8in (20cm) long. rosettes of 6 or more spreading, hinged
In leaf axils has clusters of lavender- leaves, pink-flushed inside, edged with
blue flowers with white tubes. May stiff bristles. Clusters of tiny, white
be sown in succession to flower from flowers are carried in summer. H 4in
spring to fall. H and S 24in (60cm). (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BD H11–10 BE H11–1

Hemigraphis repanda Nepenthes x hookeriana Streptocarpus ‘Amanda’ Drosera spatulata
Evergreen, prostrate perennial with Evergreen, epiphytic, insectivorous Evergreen, stemless perennial with a Evergreen, insectivorous perennial
spreading, rooting stems. Lance-shaped, perennial with oval, leathery leaves few, long, strap-shaped, wrinkled, finely with rosettes of spoon-shaped leaves
toothed, purple-tinged leaves, 2in (5cm) to 12in (30cm) lonsg and pendent, hairy, mid-green leaves. Funnel-shaped, that have sensitive, red, glandular hairs.
long, are darker purple below. Has tiny, pale green pitchers, with reddish- rich blue flowers, with darker veining Has many small, pink or white flowers
tubular, white flowers intermittently. purple markings and a spurred lid, to and white throat, are produced in tight on leafless stems in summer. H and S to
H to 6in (15cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). 5in (13cm) long. H 24–30in (60–75cm). clusters in spring. H 12in (30cm), 3in (8cm). Min. 41–50ºF (5–10ºC).
Min. 64ºF (18ºC). S 8in (20cm). Min. 41°F (5°C ).
BD H11–1 BE H11–10 CE Z11 H12–10 AEZ11 H12–1
Elatostema repens Dichorisandra reginae Pycnostachys dawei Drosera capensis (Cape sundew)
(Watermelon begonia) Evergreen, erect, clump-forming Strong-growing, bushy perennial Evergreen, insectivorous perennial.
Evergreen, creeping perennial with perennial. Glossy, often silver-banded with toothed, oblong leaves, 5–12in Rosettes of narrow leaves have sensitive,
rooting stems. Broadly oval, olive-green and flecked leaves are purple-red (12–30cm) long, that are reddish below. red, glandular hairs. Many small,
leaves have purplish-brown edges beneath. Has small spikes of densely Has compact spikes of tubular, 2-lipped, purple flowers are borne on leafless
and paler green centers. Flowers are set, purple-blue flowers in summer–fall. bright blue flowers in winter–spring. stems in summer. H and S to 6in (15cm).
insignificant. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. H 24–30in (60–75cm), S to 12in (30cm). H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 1–3ft (30–90cm). Min. 41–50ºF (5–10ºC).
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 68ºF (20ºC). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
473
BE Z8–10 H10–8 BD H11–10 AD H11–10 AE Z8–10 H10–8
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TENDER PERENNIALS
GREEN
Peperomia marmorata Pilea nummulariifolia

(Sweetheart peperomia, silver heart) (Creeping Charlie)
Evergreen, bushy perennial with Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
insignificant flowers. Has oval, with creeping, rooting, reddish stems.
long-pointed, fleshy, dull green Rounded, pale green leaves, ¾in (2cm)
leaves, marked with grayish-white wide, have a ridged surface. Flowers
and quilted above, reddish below. are insignificant. H to 2in (5cm),
H and S to 8in (20cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
BD H11–1 BD H11–1

Ensete ventricosum Peperomia glabella (Wax privet) Xanthosoma sagittifolium

Evergreen, palmlike perennial Evergreen perennial with wide- Spreading, tufted perennial with thick
with small, banana-like fruits. Has spreading, red stems. Has broadly stems. Broadly arrow-shaped leaves,
20ft (6m) long leaves with reddish oval, fleshy, glossy, bright green leaves, 2ft (60cm) or more long, on long leaf
midribs and, intermittently, reddish- to 2in (5cm) long, and insignificant stalks, are green with a grayish bloom.
green flowers with dark red bracts. flowers. H to 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has green spathes intermittently
H 20ft (6m),S 10ft (3m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). during the year. H to 6ft (2m) in flower,
S 6ft (2m) or more. Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
AD Z10–11 H11–1 BD H11–1 BEt Z14–15 H12–10
Asparagus densiflorus Asparagus densiflorus ‘Myersii’ Peperomia obtusifolia ‘Variegata’ Dieffenbachia seguine
Evergreen, trailing perennial with (Foxtail fern) Evergreen, bushy perennial with ‘Rudolph Roehrs’
clusters of narrow, bright green, leaflike Evergreen, erect perennial with spikes spade-shaped, fleshy leaves, to Evergreen, tufted perennial, sometimes
stems. In summer has pink-tinged, of tight, feathery clusters of leaflike 8in (20cm) long, that have irregular, woody at the base. Leaves, to 18in
white flowers, followed by red fruits. stems and pinkish-white flowers in yellowish-green to creamy-white (45cm) long, are yellowish-green or
Suits a hanging basket. H to 3ft (1m), summer, then red fruits. H to 3ft (1m), margins and usually grayish centers. white with green midribs and margins.
S 20in (50cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 20in (50cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Flowers are insignificant. H and H and S 3ft (1m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
S to 6in (15cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
474
BDt H11–1 BDt H11–1 BD H11–10 BDt H11–1
Aglaonema pictum
Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial. Oval
leaves, to 6in (15cm) long, are irregularly
marked with grayish-white or gray-
green. Has creamy-white spathes in
summer. H and S to 24in (60cm). Min.
59ºF (15ºC).
BDt H11–1

Columnea microphylla ‘Variegata’ Calathea zebrina (Zebra plant) Aglaonema ‘Silver King’
Evergreen, trailing perennial. Has Robust, evergreen, clump-forming Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.
rounded leaves narrowly bordered perennial with long-stalked, velvety, Broadly lance-shaped, mid-green
with cream and tubular, hooded, scarlet dark green leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long leaves, to 12in (30cm) long, are marked
flowers, with yellow throats, in winter– (less if pot-grown), with paler veins, with dark and light green. Has greenish-
spring. H 3ft (1m) or more, S indefinite. margins and midribs. Has short spikes white spathes in summer. H and S to
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). of white to pale purple flowers. H and 18in (45cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
S to 3ft (90cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
BE H11–10 BD Z11 H11–1 BDt Z11 H11–1
Maranta leuconeura ‘Erythroneura’ Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Hahnii’ Calathea makoyana (Peacock plant) Maranta leuconeura ‘Kerchoveana’
(Herringbone plant) Evergreen, stemless perennial with Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. (Rabbit tracks)
Evergreen perennial. Oblong leaves a rosette of about 5 stiff, erect, broadly Horizontal leaves, 12in (30cm) long, are Evergreen perennial that intermittently
have veins marked red, with paler lance-shaped and pointed leaves, dark and light green above, reddish- bears white to mauve flowers. Oblong
yellowish-green midribs, and are upright banded horizontally with pale green purple below. Has short spikes of white leaves with dark brown blotches become
at night, flat by day. H and S to 12in (30cm). or white. Occasionally has small, pale flowers intermittently. H to 2ft (60cm), greener with age and are upright at
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). green flowers. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to 4ft (1.2m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). night, flat by day. H and S to 12in (30cm).
S 4in (10cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
475
CD H11–1 BD Z14–15 H12–1 CD H11–1 CD H11–1
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TENDER PERENNIALS
YELLOW ORANGE
Arctotheca calendula Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Laurentii’ Strelitzia reginae

(Cape dandelion) Evergreen, stemless perennial with (Bird-of-paradise flower)
Carpeting perennial. Leaves are a rosette of about 5 stiff, erect, lance- Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
woolly below, rough-haired above. shaped and pointed leaves with yellow with long-stalked, bluish-green leaves.
Heads of daisylike, bright yellow flowers, margins. Occasionally has pale green Has beaklike, orange-and-blue flowers
with darker yellow centers, appear flowers. Propagate by division to avoid in boat-shaped, red-edged bracts
from late spring to fall. H 12in (30cm), reversion. H 1½–4ft (45cm–1.2m), mainly in spring. H over 3ft (1m),
S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 4in (10cm). Min. 50–59ºF (10–15ºC). S 2½ft (75cm). Min. 41–50ºF (5–10ºC).
AD H11–10 AD Z14–15 H12–1 BD Z13–15 H12–1

Hedychium gardnerianum Aphelandra squarrosa ‘Louisae’ Sansevieria trifasciata

Upright, rhizomatous perennial. In late Evergreen, erect perennial. Long, oval, ‘Golden Hahnii’
summer and early fall has many spikes glossy, slightly wrinkled, dark green Evergreen, stemless perennial with
of short-lived, fragrant, lemon-yellow leaves have white veins and midribs. a rosette of about 5 stiff, erect, broadly
and red flowers. Lance-shaped leaves Bears dense spikes of golden-yellow lance-shaped leaves with wide, yellow
are grayish-green, most markedly when flowers from axils of yellow bracts borders. Sometimes bears small, pale
young. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 2½ft (75cm). in late summer to fall. H to 3ft (1m), green flowers. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 2ft (60cm). Min. 55ºF (13ºC). S 4in (10cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC).
AE Z8–10 H11–9 AD H11–10 BD Z14–15 H12–1
Impatiens repens Peristrophe hyssopifolia Anigozanthos flavidus Clivia miniata

Evergreen, creeping perennial ‘Aureovariegata’ (Yellow kangaroo paw) Evergreen, tuft-forming rhizome with
with rooting stems. Has small, oval Evergreen, bushy perennial. Small Bushy perennial with racemes of large, strap-shaped, semi-erect, basal, dark
to rounded leaves and, in summer, leaves are broadly lance-shaped with woolly, tubular, yellowish-green flowers, green leaves, 16–24in (40–60cm) long.
yellow flowers, each with a large, long, pointed tips and central, creamy- with reddish anthers, borne in spring– Stems each produce a head of 10–20
hairy spur. H to 2in (5cm), S indefinite. yellow blotches. Has tubular, rose-pink summer. Narrow leaves, to 2ft (60cm) orange or red flowers in spring or
Min. 50ºF (10ºC). flowers in winter. H to 2ft (60cm) or long, are mid-green. H 4ft (1.2m), summer. H 16in (40cm), S 12–24in
more, S 4ft (1.2m). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). S 1½ft (45cm). Min. 32ºF (0ºC). (30–60cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
476
AE H11–4 ADZ10–11 H12–7 ADM H11–10 BDt Z9–11 H11–1
GINGERS
Gingers have been cultivated in Europe for over 100 years
and bring colorful, intricate flowers, tropical foliage, and,
quite literally, spice to the garden. Evergreen types need
to be overwintered under glass or gradually dried off in
fall to induce artificial dormancy, whereas many deciduous Alpinia zerumbet
types such as Roscoea and Cautleya will die off naturally
and, being frost-hardy, can remain in the ground with
a protective mulch. Most gingers do not tolerate wet
winter conditions and benefit from some shade. A brighter
location encourages flowering, whereas shade encourages
better foliage, so site accordingly. They should not be
allowed to dry out while in growth, and are heavy feeders,
so give them frequent applications of liquid fertilizer.
Hedychium thyrsiforme Hedychium stenopetalum
Hedychium yunnanense Alpinia hainanensis Costus speciosus
Curcuma petiolata
Roscoea scillifolia Alpinia purpurata Curcuma zedoaria Hedychium maximum
477
Kaempferia pulchra Cornukaempferia aurantiiflora ‘Jungle Gold’ Hedychium densiflorum Globba winitii
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TENDER PERENNIALS
ORANGE GREEN
Cyperus involucratus Selaginella martensii Nephrolepis exaltata (Sword fern)

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge Evergreen, mosslike perennial with Evergreen fern. Has erect, sometimes
with leaflike bracts forming a whorl dense, much-branched, frondlike spreading, lance-shaped, divided, pale
beneath the clustered flower spikes in sprays of glossy, rich green foliage. green fronds borne on wiry stems.
summer. H to 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm). H and S 9in (23cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). H and S 36in (90cm) or more.
Min. 39–45ºF (4–7ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AE H11–10 BD Z12–15 H12–1 CE H11–1

Heliconia psittacorum Cyperus papyrus Pteris cretica ‘Wimsettii’

(Parrot’s flower, Parrot’s plantain) (Paper reed, Papyrus) Evergreen or semievergreen fern
Tufted perennial with long-stalked, Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial with broadly ovate fronds divided into
lance-shaped leaves. In summer, sedge with sturdy, triangular, leafless narrow pinnae, each with an incised
mature plants carry green-tipped, stems, carrying in summer huge umbels margin and crested tip. H 18in (45cm),
orange flowers with narrow, glossy, of spikelets with up to 100 rays. Grows S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
orange-red bracts. H to 6ft (2m), in water. H to 10–15ft (3–5m), S 3ft (1m).
S 3ft (1m). Min. 64ºF (18ºC). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC).
BD H11–10 AF H11–6 BE H11–10
Aeschynanthus speciosus Microlepia speluncae Phlebodium aureum Selaginella kraussiana

Evergreen, trailing perennial with waxy, Large, terrestrial fern with a spreading Evergreen fern with creeping, golden- Evergreen, trailing, more or less
narrowly oval leaves usually carried in rhizome and triangular, divided, softly scaled rhizomes. Has arching, deeply prostrate, mosslike perennial with
whorls. Erect, tubular, bright orange-red hairy fronds, consisting of triangular lobed, mid-green or glaucous fronds bright green foliage. H ½in (1cm),
flowers are borne in large clusters in to lance-shaped pinnae. H to 4ft (1.2m), with attractive, orange-yellow sporangia S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
summer. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). S to 6ft (2m). Min. 41–50ºF (5–10ºC). on reverses. H 3–5ft (90cm–1.5m),
Min. 64ºF (18ºC). S 2ft (60cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
478
BE H11–1 BE H11–10 BD H11–10 BD Z7–10 H12–1
CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS
WHITE
Asplenium nidus (Bird’s-nest fern)

Evergreen fern. Produces broadly
lance-shaped, glossy, bright green
fronds in a shuttlecock-like arrangement.
H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 1–2ft (30–60cm).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BE H11–3

Phlebodium aureum ‘Mandaianum’ Selenicereus grandiflorus Cleistocactus strausii (Silver torch)
Evergreen fern with creeping rhizomes. (Queen-of-the-night) Fast-growing, columnar, perennial
Has arching, deeply lobed, glaucous Climbing, perennial cactus. Has cactus with 3in (8cm) wide stems and
fronds with attractive, orange-yellow 7-ribbed, ½–¾in (1–2cm) wide, green short, dense, white spines. Tubular,
sporangia on reverses; pinnae are stems with yellow spines. White red flowers appear in spring on plants
deeply cut and wavy. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), flowers, 7–12in (18–30cm) across, over 2ft (60cm) high. H 10ft (30cm),
S 2ft (60cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). open at night in summer. H 10ft (3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BD H11–10 BD Z12–15 H12–7 AD H11–10
Platycerium bifurcatum Pereskia aculeata Cephalocereus senilis Mammillaria hahniana

(Common stag’s-horn fern) (Barbados gooseberry, Lemon vine) (Old-man cactus) (Old-lady cactus, Old-woman cactus)
Evergreen, epiphytic fern with broad, Fast-growing, deciduous, climbing Very slow-growing, columnar, Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus
platelike sterile fronds and long, arching cactus with broad, glossy leaves. perennial cactus with a green stem with a green stem bearing long, woolly,
or pendent, forked, gray-green fertile Orange-centered, creamy-white flowers covered in long, white hairs, masking white hairs. Carries cerise flowers
fronds bearing velvety, brownish spore appear in fall, only on plants over 3ft short, white spines. Is unlikely to flower in spring and spherical, red fruits in
patches beneath. H and S 3ft (1m). (1m) high. H to 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). in cultivation. H 50ft (15m), S 6in (15cm). fall. H 16in (40cm), S 6in (15cm). Min.
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). 41ºF (5ºC).
479
BE H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
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WHITE
Coryphantha cornifera Gasteria bicolor var. liliputana

Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus Perennial succulent that forms rosettes
with angular tubercles, each bearing a of dark green leaves blotched with
curved, dark, central spine and shorter, white. Flower stems, to 6in (15cm) long,
radial spines. Has funnel-shaped, yellow bear spikes of bell-shaped, orange-
flowers in summer. H 6in (15cm), green flowers in spring. H 3in (7cm),
S 4in (10cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 4in (10cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 BD H11–10

Crassula socialis Haworthia attenuata Mammillaria geminispina

Spreading, perennial succulent with Clump-forming, perennial succulent Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Has
short, dense rosettes of fleshy, triangular, with a basal rosette of triangular, a spherical, green stem densely covered
green leaves, to ½in (1cm) across. 1¼in (3cm) long, dark green leaves, with short, white, radial spines and
Produces clusters of star-shaped, that have pronounced white dots. Has very long, white, central spines. Has
white flowers on 1¼in (3cm) tall stems tubular, white flowers, with spreading red flowers, ½–¾in (1–2cm) across, in
in spring. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. petals, from spring to fall. H 3in (7cm), spring. H 10in (25cm), S 20in (50cm).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 10in (25cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BD H11–10 BD H11–10 AD H11–10
Escobaria vivipara Gasteria carinata var. verrucosa Mammillaria bocasana

Spherical, perennial cactus with a Clump-forming, perennial succulent (Powder-puff cactus)
green stem densely covered with gray with stiff, dark green leaves, with Clump-forming, perennial cactus.
spines. Bears funnel-shaped, pink raised, white dots and incurved edges. Long, white hairs cover a hemispherical
flowers, 1½in (3.5cm) across, in summer. Has spikes of bell-shaped, orange- stem. Has cream or rose-pink flowers
Is much more difficult to grow than green flowers in spring. H 4in (10cm), in summer and red seed pods the
many other species in this genus. S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). following spring–summer. H 4in (10cm),
H and S 2in (5cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
480
AD H11–10 BD H11–10 AD H11–10
Opuntia polyacantha Crassula ovata Strombocactus disciformis

Bushy, perennial cactus with a green (Friendship tree, Jade tree, Money tree) Very slow-growing, hemispherical,
stem of 6in (15cm) long, flattened Perennial succulent with a swollen perennial cactus with a gray-green
segments. Areoles bear 6–15 flattened, stem crowned by glossy, green leaves, to brown stem set with a spiral of blunt
8in (20cm) long, hairlike spines. Has at times red-edged. Bears 5-petaled, tubercles. Woolly crown has bristly
masses of saucer-shaped, red or yellow white flowers in fall–winter. H 12ft (4m), spines, which soon fall off, and cream
flowers in summer. H 20in (50cm), S 6ft (2m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). flowers in summer. H 1¼in (3cm),
S 6ft (2m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 4in (10cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
ADtZ7–10 H11–7 AD Z11 H11–1 AD Z12–15 H12–10

Senecio rowleyanus (String-of-beads) Lithops karasmontana Echinopsis oxygona Trichodiadema mirabile
Pendent, perennial succulent. Very Egg-shaped, perennial succulent, Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus Bushy to prostrate, perennial succulent
slender, green stems bear cylindrical, divided into 2 unequal-sized, gray with a 13–15-ribbed, green stem and with cylindrical, dark green leaves
green leaves. Has heads of fragrant, leaves that have pink, upper surfaces long spines. Has 4in (10cm) wide, tipped with dark brown bristles and
tubular, white flowers from spring with sunken, darker pink marks. tubular, white to lavender flowers, covered in papillae. Stem tip bears white
to fall. Suits a hanging pot. H 3ft (1m), Bears a white flower in late summer to 8in (20cm) long, in spring–summer. flowers, 1½in (4cm) across, from spring
S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC). or early fall. H to 1½in (4cm), S 2in (5cm). H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). to fall. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
AD Z12–15 H12–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10
Agave americana ‘Striata’ Gibbaeum velutinum Gymnocalycium gibbosum Furcraea foetida ‘Mediopicta’
Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. Clump-forming, perennial succulent Spherical to columnar, perennial Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent
Has sharply pointed, sword-shaped, with paired, finger-like, velvety, cactus that has a dark green stem with broad, sword-shaped, green leaves,
blue-green leaves with yellow edges. bluish gray-green leaves, to 2½in with 12–19 rounded ribs, pale yellow striped with creamy-white, to 8ft (2.5m)
Stem carries white flowers, each (6cm) long. Produces daisylike, pink, spines, darkening with age, and long. Has bell-shaped, green flowers,
3½in (9cm) long, in spring–summer. lilac or white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, white flowers, to 3in (7cm) long, in with white interiors, in summer.
Offsets freely. H and S 6ft (2m). in spring. H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm). summer. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm). H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Min. 43ºF (6ºC).
481
AD Z9–11 H11–5 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
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AGAVES WHITE
Tough plants originating from the Americas, agaves
are able to withstand drought, heat, and full sun. Some
species are frost-hardy too. Agaves arrest attention
with bold rosettes of thick sculptured leaves, often of
great architectural value. The rosette slowly increases in
size over several years before producing a flower spike,
sometimes of treelike proportions, so site carefully. Some
species die after flowering, but may produce seed, bulbils
among the flowers, and offsets around the base of the old
rosette. Care should be taken when planting due to sharp
thorns at the end of the leaves.
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ‘Calandiva’

Bushy, perennial succulent with oval
to oblong, toothed, glossy, dark green
leaves. Clusters of tubular, double, red,
orange, pink, purple or white flowers,
¼in (0.5cm) across, of any combination
of these colors, appear year-round.
H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).
BD Z11 H11–1
A. parrasana A. potatorum A. macroacantha
A. polianthiflora
Echinocereus leucanthus Espostoa lanata

Clump-forming, tuberous cactus with (Cotton ball, Peruvian old-man cactus)
spined, 6- or 7-ribbed, prostrate stems. Very slow-growing, columnar, perennial
In spring bears often terminal, dark- cactus with a branching, woolly, green
throated, white flowers, softly streaked stem. Foul-smelling, white flowers
purple, with green stigmas. H 8in (20cm), appear in summer, only on plants
S 12in (30cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC). over 3ft (1m) high. H to 12ft (4m),
S 6ft (2m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10
A. parviflora A. americana ‘Marginata’
Epiphyllum laui Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi ‘Variegata’

Bushy, perennial cactus, usually with Bushy, perennial succulent. Blue-green
strap-shaped, red-tinged, glossy stems, and cream leaves also color red. Bears
which may also be spiny, cylindrical a new plantlet in each leaf notch. Has
or 4-angled. Has fragrant, white brownish-pink flowers in late winter.
flowers, with brown sepals, in spring– H and S to 3ft (1m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
summer. H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).
Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
482
BD H11–1 AD Z11 H11–10
A. victoriae-reginae A. filifera
PINK
Mammillaria plumosa Euphorbia tithymaloides ‘Variegata’

Clump-forming, perennial cactus. (Redbird flower)
Has a spherical, green stem completely Bushy, perennial succulent with stems
covered with feathery, white spines. angled at each node. Leaves have white
Carries cream flowers in mid-winter. or pink marks. Stem tips carry small,
Is difficult to grow. Add calcium greenish flowers in red to yellowish-
to soil. H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm). green bracts in summer. H to 10ft (3m),
Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 BDtZ11 H12–1

Neolloydia conoidea Pachycereus pringlei Rhipsalis cereuscula (Coral cactus) Aporocactus flagelliformis
Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Slow-growing, columnar, perennial Pendent, perennial cactus with 4- or (Rat’s-tail cactus)
Has a columnar, blue-green stem cactus with a branched, bluish-green 5-angled or cylindrical, green stems and Pendent, perennial cactus with pencil-
densely covered with white, radial stem that has 10–15 ribs. Large branches, to 1¼in (3cm) long in whorls. thick, green stems bearing short, golden
spines and longer, black, central spines. areoles each have 15–25 black-tipped, Bell-shaped, white flowers on stem tips spines. Has double, cerise flowers along
Bears funnel-shaped, purple-violet white spines. Is unlikely to flower in in winter–spring. H 24in (60cm), S 20in stems in spring. Is good for a hanging
flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), cultivation. H 35ft (11m), S 10ft (3m). (50cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). basket. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite.
S 6in (15cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 32ºF (0ºC).
AD H11–10 AD Z11 H11–10 BD H11–10 BD H11–10
Opuntia microdasys var. albispina Pilosocereus leucocephalus Rebutia ‘Carnival’

Bushy, perennial cactus with green, Columnar, perennial cactus with a Clump-forming, spherical, perennial
flattened, oval segments. Spineless 10–12-ribbed stem and white-haired cactus with low, tuberculate ribs bearing
areoles, with slender, barbed, white crown. Bears tubular, pink flowers, with areoles of white hairs and thin spines. In
hairs, are set in diagonal rows. Funnel- cream anthers, at night in summer, on spring produces masses of funnel-shape
shaped, yellow flowers appear in plants over 5ft (1.5m) tall. H to 20ft (6m), flowers around the stem base; in white,
summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). S 3ft (1m). Min. 52ºF (11ºC). pink, salmon, orange or orange-red.
Min. 50ºF (10ºC). H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Min. 41°F (5°C ).
483
ADt Z11 H11–9 AD H11–10 ADZ11 H12–1
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PINK
Rebutia ‘Jenny’ Echinocereus pentalophus Echeveria elegans Stenocactus obvallatus

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with Clump-forming, perennial cactus with Clump-forming, perennial succulent Spherical, perennial cactus with
low, tuberculate ribs bearing areoles with spined, green stems, 1¼–1½in (3–4cm) with a basal rosette of broad, fleshy, wavy-margined ribs. White areoles
short, white spines. In spring produces wide, that have 4–8 ribs, later rounded. pale silvery-blue leaves, edged with each bear 5–12 grayish-brown spines.
funnel-shaped flowers, the outer sepals Has trumpet-shaped, bright pink red, and yellow-tipped, pink flowers In spring, has pale yellow to pale
dark pink shading to off-white toward flowers, paler at base, to 5in (12cm) in summer. Keep dry in winter. Makes pink flowers, with a purplish-red
the center of each flower. H 2in (5cm), across, in spring. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). a good bedding plant. H 2in (5cm), stripe on each petal. H and S 3in (8cm).
S 6in (15cm). Min. 41°F (5°C ). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 20in (50cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
ADZ11 H12–1 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10

Hesperaloe parviflora Mammillaria sempervivi Aptenia cordifolia Thelocactus bicolor

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent, Slow-growing, spherical, perennial Fast-growing, prostrate, perennial Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus
often with peeling, white fibers at cactus. Has a dark green stem with succulent with oval, glossy, green with an 8–13-ribbed stem. Areoles each
leaf edges. Flower stems each bear short, white spines. Has white wool leaves and, in summer, daisylike, bright have 4 usually flattened, yellow, central
a raceme of bell-shaped, pink to red between short, angular tubercles on pink flowers. Is ideal for groundcover. spines, or bicolored yellow and red, and
flowers in summer–fall. H 3ft (1m) plants over 1½in (4cm) high. Bears cerise H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Min. 45ºF (7ºC). numerous shorter, radial spines. Flowers
or more, S 6ft (2m). Min. 37ºF (3ºC). flowers in spring. H and S 3in (7cm). are purple-pink. H and S 8in (20cm).
AD Z6–11 H8–6 AD H11–10 ADZ11 H12–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10
Conophytum concordans Lampranthus spectabilis Echinocereus reichenbachii Crassula multicava

Clump-forming, perennial succulent Spreading, perennial succulent var. baileyi Bushy, perennial succulent with oval,
with 2 fleshy, gray-green leaves that with erect stems and narrow, Columnar, perennial cactus with a gray-green leaves, 3in (8cm) across.
are broad, erect and united for most of cylindrical, gray-green leaves. In slightly branched stem bearing 12–23 Carries numerous clusters of small,
their length but have distinctly divided, summer produces daisylike flowers, ribs and yellowish-white, 1¼in (3cm) star-shaped, pink flowers on elongated
upper lobes. Pale pink flowers appear in cerise with yellow centers or golden- long spines. Produces pink flowers with stems in spring, followed by small
late summer. H 1in (2.5cm), S ½in (1cm). yellow throughout. H 12in (30cm), darker bases in spring. H 12in (30cm), plantlets. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft (1m).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 8in (20cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
484
ADZ11 H12–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 BD H11–10
Crassula schmidtii Disocactus ‘Gloria’ Graptopetalum bellum

Carpeting, perennial succulent with Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus. Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent with
dense rosettes of linear, dark green Strap-shaped, flattened, green stems triangular to oval, gray leaves, 2in (5cm)
leaves, pitted and marked, each have toothed edges. Produces pinkish- long. Has clusters of deep pink to red
1¼–1½in (3–4cm) long. Bears masses red flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in spring. flowers, ¾in (2cm) across, in spring–
of star-shaped, bright pinkish-red H 12in (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). summer. H 1¼in (3cm), S 6in (15cm).
flowers in clusters in winter. H 4in (10cm), Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
S 12in (30cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
BD H11–10 BDZ11 H12–10 BD H11–10

Oscularia deltoides Frithia pulchra Kalanchoe ‘Wendy’ Disocactus phyllanthoides
Spreading, perennial succulent. Has Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent Semi-erect, perennial succulent with ‘Deutsche Kaiserin’
chunky, triangular, blue-green leaves, to with erect, rough, gray leaves, narrowly oval, glossy, green leaves, Pendent, epiphytic, perennial cactus
½in (1cm) long, with small-toothed, often cylindrical with flattened tips. Produces 3in (7cm) long. In late winter bears with flattened, toothed, glossy, green
reddened leaf margins. Fragrant, pink masses of stemless, daisylike, bright bell-shaped, pinkish-red flowers, ¾in stems, each 2in (5cm) across. Stem
flowers, ½–¾in (1–2cm) wide, appear in pink flowers, with paler centers, in (2cm) long, with yellow tips. Is ideal for margins each bear pink flowers, to 4in
early summer. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft (1m). summer. H 1¼in (3cm), S 2½in (6cm). a hanging basket. H and S 12in (30cm). (10cm) across, in spring. H 2ft (60cm),
Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 3ft (1m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 ADZ8–10 H10–7 BD H11–10 BDZ11 H12–10
Eriosyce napina Disocactus ‘M.A. Jeans’ Hatiora rosea Pereskia grandifolia (Rose cactus)
Flattened spherical, perennial cactus Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus. Bushy, perennial cactus with slender, Deciduous, bushy, perennial cactus
with very short, gray spines pressed Strap-shaped, flattened, green stems 3- or 4-angled, bristly, green stem with black spines. Single roselike, pink
flat against a greenish-brown stem. have shallowly toothed edges. In spring segments, usually tinged purple, to flowers form in summer–fall only on
Produces white, pink, carmine or has deep pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, 2in (5cm) long. Has masses of bell- plants over 1ft (30cm) high. H 15ft (5m),
brown flowers, 2in (5cm) across, from with white anthers. H 12in (30cm), shaped, pink flowers, to 1½in (4cm) S 10ft (3m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
the crown in summer. H ¾in (2cm), S 20in (50cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). across, in spring. H and S 4in (10cm).
S 1½in (3.5cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
485
ADZ11 H12–10 BDZ11 H12–10 BD H11–10 AD H11–10
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PINK RED
Mammillaria zeilmanniana Parodia mueller-melchersii Echinopsis chamaecereus Rebutia minuscula [red]

(Rose pincushion) Columnar, perennial cactus. Areoles (Peanut cactus) Clump-forming, perennial cactus
Clump-forming, perennial cactus with each have about 15 radial spines and Clump-forming, perennial cactus with a tuberculate, dark green stem.
a spherical, green stem that has hooked 2 upward- or downward-pointing, with spined stems, initially erect, then Bears prominent, white areoles with
spines and bears a ring of deep pink to central spines. Has cream-centered, prostrate. Has funnel-shaped, orange- very short, white spines. Trumpet-
purple flowers in spring. H 6in (15cm), pink flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), red flowers in late spring. H 4in (10cm), shaped, bright red flowers, to 2in (5cm)
S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 2in (5cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S indefinite. Min. 37ºF (3ºC). across, appear at stem base in spring.
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 BDZ9–11 H12–7 ADZ11 H12–7 AD H11–10

Oroya peruviana Schlumbergera ‘Gold Charm’ Opuntia verschaffeltii

Spherical, perennial cactus with a Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus. Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
much-ribbed stem covered in yellow Has flattened, oblong, green stem cylindrical, usually spineless stems, to
spines, 5⁄8in (1.5cm) long, with darker segments with toothed margins. Yellow 10in (25cm) long. Stem tips each bear
bases. Pink flowers, with yellow bases, flowers in early fall turn pinkish-orange short-lived, cylindrical leaves from
open in spring–summer. H 10in (25cm), in winter. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). spring to fall. Has orange-red flowers
S 8in (20cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). in spring. H 6in (15cm), S 3–6ft (1–2m).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
ADZ9–11 H12–7 BD Z13–15 H12–10 ADt Z11 H11–9
Senecio articulatus ‘Variegatus’ Adenium obesum Rebutia deminuta Ferocactus hamatacanthus

Deciduous, spreading, perennial Treelike, perennial succulent with a Clump-forming, perennial cactus Slow-growing, spherical to columnar,
succulent with gray-marked stems. fleshy, tapering, green trunk and stems with a spherical, spined, green stem, perennial cactus with a 13-ribbed
Has cream- and pink-marked, crowned by oval, glossy, green leaves, to 1½in (4cm) across, becoming stem that bears hooked, red spines,
blue-green leaves in summer and dull green beneath. Carries funnel- columnar with age. Bears masses to 5in (12cm) long. Has yellow blooms
yellow flower heads from fall to shaped, pink to pinkish-red flowers, of slender-tubed, orange-red flowers in summer, then spherical, red fruits.
spring. H 24in (60cm), S indefinite. white inside, in summer. H 6ft (2m), at base in late spring. H 4in (10cm), H and S 24in (60cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 20in (50cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). S 8in (20cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
486
ADt Z13–15 H12–10 BDt Z11 H11–10 ADZ11 H12–1 AD H11–10
Echeveria secunda Parodia haselbergii Parodia nivosa Cyphostemma juttae

Clump-forming, perennial succulent subsp. haselbergii (Scarlet ball cactus) Ovoid, perennial cactus that has a Perennial succulent. Swollen stem has
with short stems each crowned by a Slow-growing, perennial cactus with a much-ribbed, green stem with stiff, peeling bark and deciduous, scandent
rosette of broad, fleshy, light green to stem covered in white spines. Slightly white spines, each ½–¾in (1–2cm) long. branches with broad leaves. Bears
gray leaves, reddened near tips. Bears sunken crown bears red flowers, with Has a white, woolly crown and bright inconspicuous, yellow-green flowers
cup-shaped, red-and-yellow flowers yellow stigmas, in spring. H 4in (10cm), red flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, in in summer. Green fruits turn yellow or
in spring–summer. H 1½in (4cm), S 10in (25cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). summer. H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). red. H and S 6ft (2m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 BD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10

Stenocactus coptonogonus Parodia microsperma Kalanchoe ‘Tessa’ Schlumbergera truncata
Spherical, perennial cactus. White Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Prostrate to pendent, perennial (Crab cactus, Lobster cactus)
areoles each have 3–5 flat, upward- Has a much-ribbed, green stem densely succulent with narrowly oval, green Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
curving, pale brownish-red spines. covered with brown, radial spines and leaves, 1¼in (3cm) long. Bears tubular, Oblong stem segments have toothed
Bears purple to white flowers, with red, central spines, some of which are orange-red flowers, ¾in (2cm) long, in margins. Bears purple-red flowers
pink-purple or violet-purple stripes, hooked. Bears blood-red, occasionally late winter. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). in early fall and winter. H 6in (15cm),
in spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (16cm). yellow flowers in spring. H 3in (8cm), Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD Z12–15 H12–10 BD H11–10 BD H11–10 BD Z13–15 H12–10
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Gymnocalycium mihanovichii Rebutia steinbachii Hatiora gaertneri (Easter cactus)
Bushy, perennial succulent with oval ‘Red Head’ subsp. tiraquensis Bushy, perennial cactus with flat,
to oblong, toothed, glossy, green leaves. Perennial cactus with a red stem, Variable, perennial cactus with a green oblong, glossy, green stem segments,
Produces clusters of yellow, orange, 8 angular ribs and curved spines. Must stem. Elongated areoles bear spines each to 2in (5cm) long, often tinged
pink, red or purple flowers, year-round. be grafted onto any fast-growing stock of gold or bicolored red and white. red at edges. Segment ends each bear
Makes an excellent houseplant. H and as it contains no chlorophyll. Has pink Has dark pink- or orange-red flowers orange-red flowers in spring. H 6in
S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). flowers in spring–summer. H and S as in spring. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). (15cm), S 13in (20cm). Min. 55ºF (13ºC).
per graft stock. Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
487
BD Z11 H11–1 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 BD Z11 H11–1
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PURPLE BLUE
Schlumbergera ‘Bristol Beauty’ Orbea variegata (Star flower) Crassula deceptor Browningia hertlingiana
Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus Clump-forming, branching, perennial Slow-growing, clump-forming, Slow-growing, columnar, perennial
with flattened, green stem segments succulent with 4-angled, indented perennial succulent with branching cactus with a silvery-blue stem, golden
with toothed margins. Bears reddish- stems. Flowers, variable in color and stems surrounded by fleshy, gray leaves spines and tufted areoles. Nocturnal,
purple flowers, with silvery-white tubes, blotched yellow, purple- or red-brown, set in 4 rows. Each leaf has minute lines white flowers appear in summer, only
in early fall and winter. H 6in (15cm), appear in summer-fall. H to 4in (10cm), around raised dots. Bears insignificant on plants over 3ft (1m) high. H 25ft (8m),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S indefinite. Min. 52ºF (11ºC). flowers in spring. H and S 4in (10cm). S 12ft (4m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BD Z13–15 H12–10 BD Z11 H11–9 AD H11–10 AD H11–10

Argyroderma delaetii Opuntia robusta Cereus hildmannianus

Prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial Bushy, perennial cactus. Silvery-blue Columnar, perennial cactus. Has a
succulent with 2 very fleshy, silvery- stem has flattened, oval segments with branching, silvery-blue stem and
green leaves between which daisylike, either no spines or 8–12 white ones, golden spines on 4–8 indented ribs.
pink-purple flowers, 2in (5cm) across, to 2in (5cm) long, per areole. Saucer- Bears cup-shaped, white flowers, 4in
appear in late summer. H 1½in (3cm), shaped, yellow flowers, 3in (7cm) (10cm) across, at night in summer, and
S 2in (5cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). across, appear in spring–summer. pear-shaped, red fruits. H 15ft (5m),
H and S 15ft (5m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 12ft (4m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
AD H11–10 ADt H11–1 ADZ11 H12–10
Huernia macrocarpa Stapelia grandiflora Aloinopsis schooneesii Cereus hankeanus

Clump-forming, perennial succulent Clump-forming, perennial succulent Dwarf, mounded, perennial succulent Columnar, perennial cactus with a
with finger-shaped, 4- or 5-sided, with 4-angled, hairy, toothed, green with tuberous roots and fleshy, almost branching, blue-green stem bearing
green stems. Produces short-lived, stems. In summer–fall carries star- spherical, blue-green leaves arranged dark spines on 4–7 prominent ribs.
deciduous leaves and, in fall, bell- shaped, purple-brown flowers, to tightly in tufts. Produces flattish, yellow Has 10in (25cm) long, cup-shaped, white
shaped, white-haired, dark purple 4in (10cm) across, ridged with white flowers in winter–spring. H 1½in (3cm), flowers at night in summer, followed
flowers with recurved petal tips. or purple hairs. H to 8in (20cm), S to 3in (7cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). by red fruits. H 22ft (7m), S 10ft (3m).
H and S 4in (10cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC). S indefinite. Min. 52ºF (11ºC). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
488
BD H11–10 BD Z13–15 H12–10 AD Z10–11 H11–10 ADZ11 H12–10
GRAY
Copiapoa cinerea Aeonium haworthii (Pinwheel) Agave attenuata Crassula perfoliata var. falcata
Very slow-growing, clump-forming, Bushy, perennial succulent. Freely Perennial succulent with a thick stem (Aeroplane propeller)
perennial cactus. Blue-green stem branching stems bear rosettes, 5in crowned by a rosette of sword-shaped, Bushy, perennial succulent that
bears up to 25 ribs and black spines. (12cm) across, of blue-green leaves, spineless, pale green leaves. Arching branches freely. Long leaves each twist
Has a woolly, white-gray crown and, often with red margins. Has a terminal flower stem, to 5ft (1.5m) long, is like a propeller. Has large clusters of
on plants over 4in (10cm) across, yellow spike of star-shaped, pink-tinged, pale densely covered with yellow flowers fragrant, red flowers in late summer.
flowers in spring–summer. H 20in (50cm), yellow flowers in spring. H 2ft (60cm), in spring–summer. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). H and S 3ft (1m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
S 6ft (2m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 3ft (1m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
BD H11–10 BD H11–1 AD Z9–11 H11–5 BD H11–10

Echinopsis lageniformis Agave parryi
Columnar, perennial cactus with Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent
4–8-ribbed stems branching at base. with stiff, broad, gray-green leaves,
Areoles each produce up to 6 spines. each to 12in (30cm) long with a solitary
Scented, funnel-shaped, white flowers dark spine at its pointed tip. Flower
open at night in summer. H to 15ft (5m), stem, to 12ft (4m) long, bears creamy-
S 3ft (1m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). yellow flowers in summer. H 20in (50cm),
S 3ft (1m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 AD Z9–11 H11–5
Myrtillocactus geometrizans Graptopetalum paraguayense Lithops marmorata

(Blue candle) (Mother-of-pearl plant) Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
Columnar, perennial cactus with a Clump-forming, perennial succulent divided into 2 unequal-sized, swollen,
branched, 5- or 6-ribbed, blue-green with a basal rosette, 6in (15cm) across, pale gray leaves with dark gray marks
stem. Bears short, black spines, on of gray-green leaves, often tinged on convex, upper surfaces. Bears a
plants over 1ft (30cm) tall, and white pink. Bears star-shaped, yellow-and- white flower in late summer or early
flowers at night in summer. H to 12ft red flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm), fall. H ¾–1¼in (2–3cm), S 2in (5cm).
(4m), S 6ft (2m). Min. 54ºF (12ºC). S 3ft (1m). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
489
AD H11–10 BD H11–10 AD H11–10
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GRAY GREEN
Leuchtenbergia principis Dudleya pulverulenta Eriosyce villosa Beschorneria yuccoides

Basal-rosetted, perennial cactus with Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent Clump-forming, perennial cactus with Clump-forming, perennial succulent
narrow, angular, dull gray-green with strap-shaped, pointed, silvery-gray a branched, green to dark gray-green with a basal rosette of up to 20 rough,
tubercles, each 4in (10cm) long and leaves. Bears masses of star-shaped, stem. Has dense, sometimes curved, grayish-green leaves, to 3ft (1m) long
crowned by papery spines to 4in (10cm) red flowers in spring–summer. H 24in gray spines, 1¼in (3cm) long. Produces and 2in (5cm) across. Produces pendent,
long. Crown bears yellow flowers, (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). tubular, pink or white flowers in spring tubular, bright red flowers in summer
to 3in (7cm) across, in summer. or fall. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). in spikes over 6ft (2m) tall. H 3ft (1m),
H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 43ºF (6ºC). Min. 46ºF (8ºC). S 10ft (3m). Min. 32ºF (0ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 ADZ11 H12–10 AD H11–10

Crassula arborescens Pachyphytum oviferum (Moonstones, Maihuenia poeppigii

(Silver jade plant) Sugared-almond plum) Slow-growing, clump-forming, perennial
Perennial succulent with a thick, robust Clump-forming, perennial succulent cactus. Has a cylindrical, branched,
stem crowned by branches bearing with a basal rosette of oval, pinkish-blue spiny, green-brown stem. Most branches
rounded, silvery-blue leaves, often with leaves. Stem bears 10–15 bell-shaped produce a spike of cylindrical, green
red edges. Has 5-petaled, pink flowers flowers, with powder-blue calyces leaves at the tip, with a funnel-shaped,
in fall–winter. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). and orange-red petals, in spring. H 4in yellow flower in summer. H 2½in (6cm),
Min. 45ºF (7ºC). (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S 12in (30cm). Min. 5ºF (-15ºC).
AD Z11 H11–1 AD H11–10 AD Z11 H11–6
Ceropegia linearis (Heart vine, Rosary x Pachyveria glauca Kalanchoe tomentosa Frailea pygmaea
vine, String-of-hearts) Clump-forming, perennial succulent (Panda plant, Pussy ears) Columnar, perennial cactus with a much-
Semievergreen, trailing, succulent with a dense, basal rosette of fleshy, Bushy, perennial succulent with thick, ribbed, dark green stem bearing white
subshrub with tuberous roots. Leaves incurved, oval, silvery-blue leaves, oval, gray leaves, covered with velvety to light brown spines. Buds, which
redden in sun. Has hairy, pinkish-green to 2½in (6cm) long, with darker marks. bristles and often edged with brown rarely open to flattish, yellow flowers in
flowers from spring to fall. H 3ft (1m), Bears star-shaped, yellow flowers, at tips. Has yellowish-purple flowers summer, become tufts of spherical, spiny
S indefinite. Min. 45ºF (7ºC). each with a red tip, in spring. in winter. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). seed pods. H to 2in (5cm), S ¾in (2cm).
H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
490
BD H11–10 AD Z10–11 H12–3 AD Z11 H11–1 BD H11–10
Aeonium tabuliforme Mammillaria microhelia Argyroderma pearsonii Lithops lesliei var. albinica

Prostrate, almost stemless, short-lived, Columnar, perennial cactus with a Prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
5
perennial succulent with a basal rosette, ⁄8in (5cm) wide, green stem bearing succulent. A united pair of very fleshy, divided into 2 unequal-sized leaves;
to 12in (30cm) across, like a flat, bright cream or brown spines, discoloring silvery-gray leaves has a deep fissure convex, pale green, upper surfaces have
green plate. Has star-shaped, yellow with age. Has 5⁄8in (5cm) wide, yellow in which a red flower, 1¼in (3cm) across, dark green and yellow marks. Bears
flowers in spring, then dies. Propagate or pink flowers in spring. Offsets slowly appears in summer. H 1¼in (3cm), a white flower in late summer or early
from seed. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). with age. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm). S 2in (5cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). fall. H ¾–1¼in (2–3cm), S 2in (5cm).
BD Z9–11 H9–4 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10

Schwantesia ruedebuschii Echinopsis marsoneri Echinopsis pentlandii Argyroderma fissum
Mat-forming, perennial succulent Columnar, perennial cactus with a Clump-forming or solitary, variable, Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with cylindrical, bluish-green leaves, 20–25-ribbed, bluish- to dark green perennial cactus with a 10–20-ribbed with finger-shaped, fleshy leaves, 2–4in
1–2in (3–5cm) long, with expanded tips. stem that has yellow, radial spines with stem and 6–20 spined aeroles. Has white, (5–10cm) long and often reddish at the
Leaf edges each produce 3–7 minute, longer, darker, central ones. In summer pink, purple or orange flowers, with tip. Has light red flowers between leaves
blue teeth with brown tips. Has yellow produces yellow flowers, 3in (7cm) paler throats, in summer. H 3in (8cm), in summer. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).
flowers in summer. H 2in (5cm), across, with red throats. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD Z12–15 H12–10 ADZ11 H12–6 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
Lithops dorotheae Pachyphytum compactum Echinopsis backebergii Haworthia arachnoidea

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent, Clump-forming, perennial succulent Clump-forming, almost spherical, Slow-growing, clump-forming,
divided into 2 unequal-sized leaves, with a basal rosette of green leaves, each perennial cactus with a 10–15-ribbed, perennial succulent with a basal rosette
pale pink-yellow to green with darker narrowing to a blunt point, with angular, spined, dark green stem. Has funnel- of triangular leaves. Bears soft, white
areas and red marks on upper surfaces. paler edges. Stems each bear 3–10 shaped, pink, red or purple flowers, with teeth along leaf margins. Has white
Produces a daisylike, yellow flower flowers with green to pink calyces and paler throats, in summer. H 4in (10cm), flowers from spring to fall. H 2in (5cm),
in summer or fall. H ¾–1¼in (2–3cm), orange petals in spring. H 6in (15cm), S 6in (15cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 4in (10cm). Min. 43ºF (6ºC).
S 2in (5cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S indefinite. Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
491
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 BD H11–10
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GREEN
Adromischus maculatus Echinocereus schmollii Haworthia truncata

Clump-forming, perennial succulent (Lamb’s-tail cactus) Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with rounded, glossy, green leaves with Erect to prostrate, tuberous cactus with a basal fan of broad, erect, rough,
purple marks. Leaf tips are often wavy. with 8–10-ribbed, purplish-green stems blue-gray leaves with pale gray lines
Carries tubular, purplish-white flowers, and mostly white spines. Has pinkish- and flat ends. Produces small, tubular,
on a 12in (30cm) tall stem, in summer. purple flowers in spring-summer. white flowers, with spreading petals,
H 2½in (6cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 46ºF (8ºC). from spring to fall. H ¾in (2cm),
BD H11–10 ADZ11 H12–10 BD H11–10

Carnegiea gigantea (Saguaro) Echinopsis spachiana (Torch cactus) Dioscorea elephantipes

Very slow-growing, perennial cactus Clump-forming, perennial cactus (Elephant’s foot)
with a thick, 12–24-ribbed, spiny, green with glossy, green stems bearing 10–15 Very slow-growing, deciduous, perennial
stem. Tends to branch and bears short, ribs and pale golden spines. Fragrant, succulent with a domed, woody trunk,
funnel-shaped, fleshy, white flowers at funnel-shaped, white flowers open at annual, climbing stems and yellow
stem tips in summer, only when over night in summer. H and S 6ft (2m). flowers in fall. H 20in (50cm), S 3ft (1m).
12ft (4m) high. H to 40ft (12m), Min. 46ºF (8ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
S 10ft (3m). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD Z8–10 H11–10
Kalanchoe daigremontiana Echinopsis candicans Aloe vera Lophophora williamsii

(Mexican hat plant) Clump-forming, branching, perennial Clump-forming, perennial succulent (Dumpling cactus, Mescal button)
Erect, perennial succulent with a stem cactus with up to 11 ribs. Areoles each with basal rosettes of tapering, thick Very slow-growing, clump-forming,
bearing fleshy, boat-shaped, toothed have 10–15 radial spines and 4 central leaves, mottled green, later gray-green. perennial cactus with an 8-ribbed,
leaves. Produces a plantlet in each leaf ones. Fragrant, funnel-shaped, white Flower stems carry bell-shaped, yellow blue-green stem. Masses of pink flowers
notch. Umbels of pink flowers appear flowers open at night in summer. flowers in summer. Propagate by offsets appear in summer on plants over 1¼in
at stem tops in winter. H to 3ft (1m), H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Min. 46ºF (8ºC). as plant is sterile. H 24in (60cm), (3cm) high. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm).
S 12in (30cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC). S indefinite. Min. 50ºF (10ºC). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
492
AD Z11 H11–1 AD H11–10 ADt Z10–11 H11–10 ADZ9–11 H12–7
ALOES
Aloes are abundant in Mediterranean and African
gardens. There is a huge range of species and hybrids
providing a kaleidoscope of growth forms, flowers,
and leaf variegation. Unlike agaves, aloes do not die
after flowering, but gradually produce a trunk, becoming
shrubs or small trees. Aloes typically produce their
leaves singly, and the center of the rosette is usually
hollow, reminiscent of a bromeliad. A few species, such
as A. aristata, are frost-hardy, and can be grown in rock
gardens or at the base of a south-facing wall in mild areas.
Pachycereus schottii Epithelantha micromeris

Columnar, perennial cactus, branching Slow-growing, spherical, perennial
with age. Olive- to dark green stem, cactus with a green stem completely
covered with small, white spines, bears obscured by close-set areoles bearing
4–15 ribs. Funnel-shaped, pink flowers tiny, white spines. Bears funnel-shaped,
are produced at night in summer. pale pinkish-red flowers, ¼in (0.5cm)
H 22ft (7m), S 6ft (2m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). across, on a woolly crown in summer.
H and S 1½in (4cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 A. arborescens ‘Variegata’ t
A. striata t A. variegata t
Rhipsalis floccosa Duvalia corderoyi

Pendent, perennial cactus with Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
cylindrical, green stems, to ½in (1cm) Has a prostrate, leafless stem with
across, branching less than many other 6 often purple, indistinct ribs. Bears
Rhipsalis species. Has masses of very star-shaped, dull green flowers, ½in
pale pink flowers in early summer, (1cm) across and covered in purple
then pinkish-white fruits. H 3ft (1m), hairs, in summer–fall. H 2in (5cm),
BD H11–10 BD H11–10
A. ferox t A. aristata t
Oreocereus celsianus Euphorbia obesa (Living baseball)

(Old man of the Andes) Spherical, perennial succulent.
Slow-growing, perennial cactus. Spineless, dark green stem, often
Has heavy and wispy spines. Mature checkered light green, has 8 low ribs.
plants bear pink flowers in summer. Crown bears rounded heads of cupped,
H 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm). Min. 50ºF yellow flowers in summer. H 5in (12cm),
(10ºC). S 6in (15cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC).
493
AD H11–1 ADt H11–10
A. ciliaris t A. hemmingii t
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GREEN YELLOW
Pachypodium lamerei Epiphyllum anguliger Opuntia humifusa Astrophytum myriostigma

Treelike, perennial succulent with a (Fishbone cactus) Prostrate, perennial cactus. Each areole (Bishop’s cap, Bishop’s mitre)
spiny, pale green stem crowned by linear Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus. bears up to 3 spines, 1¼in (3cm) long. Slow-growing, spherical to slightly
leaves. Has fragrant, trumpet-shaped, Has strap-shaped, flattened, green stems Has flat, rounded to oval, purple-tinged, elongated, perennial cactus. A fleshy
creamy-white flowers in summer, on with indented margins. Produces dark green stem segments, 3–7in stem has 4–6 ribs and is flecked with
plants over 5ft (1.5m) tall. Stems branch tubular, 4in (10cm) wide, white flowers (7–18cm) long. Bears 3in (8cm) wide, tiny tufts of white spines. Bears yellow
after flowering. H 20ft (6m), S 6ft (2m). in summer. H 3ft (1m), S 16in (40cm). yellow flowers in spring–summer. Keep flowers in summer. H 12in (30cm),
Min. 52ºF (Min.11ºC). Min. 52ºF (11ºC). dry in winter. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft (1m). S 8in (20cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–6 AD Z11 H11–1 ADt Z11 H11–9 AD H11–10

Pachycereus marginatus Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides Conophytum bilobum Ferocactus cylindraceus

(Organ-pipe cactus) Columnar, perennial cactus. Has Slow-growing, clump-forming, Slow-growing, columnar, perennial
Columnar, perennial cactus with a 5- gray-green to dark green stems, perennial succulent with 2-lobed, cactus, spherical when young. Green,
or 6-ribbed, branching, shiny stem. 4in (10cm) across, with 8–10 ribs and fleshy, green leaves, each 1½in (4cm) 10–20-ribbed stem has large, hooked,
Areoles bear minute spines. Produces 1 or 2 black spines per areole. Funnel- long and ¾in (2cm) wide. Has a flared, red or yellow spines. Funnel-shaped,
funnel-shaped, white flowers in summer. shaped, wine-red flowers appear in yellow flower, 1¼in (3cm) across, yellow flowers form in summer on plants
H 22ft (7m), S 10ft (3m). Min. 52ºF (11ºC). summer. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). in fall. H 1½in (4cm), S 6in (15cm). over 10in (25cm) across. H 10ft (3m),
Min. 59ºF (15ºC). Min. 39ºF (4ºC). S 32in (80cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
Caralluma joannis Melocactus intortus (Melon cactus) Mammillaria elongata (Lace cactus) Rhombophyllum rhomboideum
Clump-forming, perennial succulent Flattened spherical, perennial cactus. Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Has Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
with blue-gray stems and rudimentary Has an 18–20-ribbed stem with yellow- a columnar, green stem, 1¼in (3cm) Linear, glossy, gray-green leaves have
leaves on stem angles. Bears clusters of brown spines. Crown matures to a across, densely covered with yellow, expanded middles and white margins.
star-shaped, purple flowers, with short, white column with brown spines. Bears golden or brown spines. Bears Stems, ¾–2in (2–5cm) long, bear 3–7
fine hairs on petal tips, in late summer pink flowers in summer. H 8in (20cm), cream flowers in summer. Offsets yellow flowers, to 1½in (4cm) across,
near stem tips. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). S 10in (25cm). Min. 59ºF (15ºC). freely. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). in summer. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
494
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
Astrophytum ornatum Echinopsis aurea Lithops schwantesii Faucaria tigrina (Tiger-jaws)

Elongated, spherical, perennial cactus Columnar, perennial cactus. Has narrow, Egg-shaped, perennial succulent, Clump-forming, stemless, perennial
with a very fleshy, 8-ribbed stem. Crown much-ribbed, green stems covered divided into 2 unequal-sized leaves succulent. Fleshy, green leaves,
of each rib bears 2–4½in (5–11cm) long with pale, radial spines often surrounded with blue or red marks on upper 2in (5cm) long, have 9 or 10 teeth
spines on each raised areole. Has by 1–3 very sturdy, central spines, surface. Has a yellow flower in late along each margin. Bears daisylike,
yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in to 1in (2.5cm) long. Produces yellow summer or fall. H ¾–1¼in (2–3cm), yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
summer. H 6in (15cm), S 5in (12cm). flowers in summer. H and S 4in (10cm). S 1¼in (3cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). in fall. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm).
AD H11–10 ADZ11 H12–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10

Lithops pseudotruncatella Glottiphyllum nelii Aichryson x aizoides var. Thelocactus setispinus
subsp. dendritica Clump-forming, perennial succulent domesticum ‘Variegatum’ Slow-growing, perennial cactus with
Egg-shaped, perennial succulent, with semicylindrical, fleshy, green Prostrate, perennial succulent with a 13-ribbed stem and yellow or white
divided into 2 unequal-sized, gray leaves leaves, to 1½in (5cm) long. Carries stems crowned by rosettes of hairy, spines. Fragrant, yellow flowers with
with dark green and red marks on upper daisylike, golden-yellow flowers, cream-marked, green leaves, sometimes red throats appear in summer, only
surfaces. Has a yellow flower in summer 1½in (5cm) across, in spring–summer. pure cream. Has star-shaped, yellow on plants over 2in (5cm) across.
or fall. H ¾–1¼in (2–3cm), S 1½in (4cm). H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. flowers in spring. H 6in (15cm), H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 45ºF (7ºC).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC). 41ºF (5ºC). S 16in (40cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD H11–10 AD H11–10 BD H11–10 AD Z12–15 H12–10
Pleiospilos bolusii Pleiospilos compactus Fenestraria rhopalophylla Sclerocactus scheeri

(Living rock, Mimicry plant) Clump-forming, perennial succulent subsp. aurantiaca (Baby’s toes) Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent with 1 or 2 pairs of thick, gray leaves, to Clump-forming, perennial succulent Stem bears spines and, in spring,
with 1 or 2 pairs of gray leaves, often 3in (8cm) long. Bears coconut-scented, with a basal rosette of glossy leaves. funnel-shaped, straw-colored flowers.
wider than long and narrowing at yellow flowers in early fall. H 4in (10cm), Has yellow flowers in late summer Lowest and longest spines are darker
incurved tips. Has golden-yellow flowers S 12in (30cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). and fall. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). and hooked. H 4in (10cm), S 2½in (6cm).
in early fall. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Min. 43ºF (6ºC). Min. 45–50ºF (7–10ºC).
Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
495
AD H11–10 ADZ10–11 H12–6 AD H11–10 AD Z13–15 H12–10
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YELLOW ORANGE
Titanopsis calcarea Disocactus ‘Jennifer Ann’ Echinocereus triglochidiatus Lampranthus aurantiacus

Clump-forming, perennial succulent Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus. var. paucispinus Erect, then prostrate, sparse-branching
with a basal rosette of very fleshy, Has strap-shaped, flattened, green Clump-forming, perennial cactus with perennial succulent with short,
triangular, blue-gray leaves covered stems with toothed margins. Bears a 4in (10cm) wide, dark green stem that cylindrical, tapering, gray-green
in wartlike, gray-white and beige yellow flowers, 6in (15cm) across, has 6 or 7 ribs, and 4–6 spines, 1¼–1½in leaves. Masses of daisylike, bright
tubercles. Has yellow flowers from in spring. H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). (3–4cm) long, per areole. Has orange- orange flowers, 2in (5cm) wide,
fall to spring. H 1¼in (3cm), S 4in (10cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). red flowers in spring. H 8in (20cm), open in summer sun. H 20in (50cm),
Min. 46ºF (8ºC). S 20in (50cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC). S 28in (70cm). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
AD Z13–15 H12–10 BDZ11 H12–10 AD Z11 H11–9 AD H11–10

Rebutia arenacea Opuntia tunicata Conophytum frutescens Malephora crocea

Spherical, perennial cactus. Has a Mounded, perennial cactus. Cylindrical, Slow-growing, spherical, perennial Erect or spreading, perennial succulent
brown-green stem with white spines green stem segments are covered succulent forming clumps of 2-lobed, with semi-cylindrical, blue-green
on spirally arranged tubercles. Has with 2in (5cm) long, golden spines, very fleshy, gray-green leaves, often leaves on short shoots. Carries solitary
golden-yellow blooms, to 1¼in (3cm) enclosed in a silver papery sheath. with a red spot on edge of fissure daisylike, orange-yellow flowers,
across, in spring. H 2in (5cm), Bears shallowly saucer-shaped, yellow between the lobes. Carries copper- reddened on outsides, in spring–
S 2½in (6cm). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). flowers in spring–summer. H 2ft (60cm), orange flowers in fall. H 1¼in (3cm), summer. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m).
S 3ft (1m). Min. 50ºF (10ºC). S indefinite. Min. 39ºF (4ºC). Min. 41ºF (5ºC).
ADZ11 H12–1 ADt H11–1 ADZ11 H12–10 AD H11–10
Parodia chrysacanthion Stapelia gigantea Rebutia fiebrigii Kalanchoe delagoensis

Spherical, perennial cactus with a Clump-forming, perennial succulent. Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Erect, perennial succulent with long,
much-ribbed, green stem densely In summer–fall bears star-shaped, Has a dark green stem densely covered almost cylindrical, gray-green leaves
covered with bristlelike, golden spines, red-marked, yellow-brown flowers, with soft, white spines, to ¼in (0.5cm) with reddish-brown mottling and
each ½–¾in (1–2cm) long. Crown bears 12in (30cm) across, with white-haired, long. Bears bright orange flowers, flattened, notched tips that form plantlets.
yellow flowers in spring and, often, recurved edges. H to 8in (20cm), ¾–1¼in (2–3cm) across, in late Bears an umbel of orange-yellow flowers
pale yellow wool. H and S 12in (30cm). S indefinite. Min. 52ºF (11ºC). spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). in late winter. H to 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm).
496
BD H11–10 BD Z13–15 H12–10 AD H11–10 AD H11–10
PLANT DICTIONARY
A complete listing of more than 8,000 plants, suitable for growing in temperate
gardens worldwide. Includes full descriptions of the characteristics and cultivation
of over 4,000 plants not already described in the Plant Catalog.
A
erect cones that ripen in their first fall A. grandis, illus. p.98. ‘Thompsonii’, illus. p.325.
to release seeds and scales. See also A. homolepis (Nikko fir). Conifer that A. striatum. See A. pictum of gardens.
CONIFERS. is conical when young, later columnar. A. x suntense. Fast-growing, deciduous,
A. alba (European silver fir). Fast- H 50ft (15m), S 20ft (6m). Pink-gray bark upright, arching shrub. H 15ft (5m),
growing, conical conifer. H 50–80ft peels in fine flakes. Has pale green leaves, S 10ft (30m) Has oval, lobed, toothed,
ABELIA (15–25m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has silvery- silver beneath, and cylindrical, violet-blue dark green leaves. Produces an
gray bark and dull green leaves, silvery cones, 3–5in (8–12cm) long. Tolerates abundance of large, bowl-shaped, pale
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
beneath. Cylindrical cones, 4–6in urban conditions. Z4–6 H6–4. to deep purple, occasionally white,
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or (10–15cm) long, ripen to red-brown. A. koreana, illus. p.104. flowers from late spring to early summer.
evergreen shrubs, grown for their foliage Z5–8 H8–5. A. lasiocarpa (Subalpine fir). Narrowly Z13–14 H11–6. ‘Violetta’, illus. p.138.
and freely borne flowers. Does best A. amabilis (Pacific fir). Conical conifer. conical conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), A. vitifolium. Fast-growing, deciduous,
against a south- or west-facing wall at the H 50ft (15m), S 12–15ft (4–5m). Dense, S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has gray or blue-green upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).
limits of hardiness. Requires a sheltered, notched, square-tipped, glossy, dark leaves and cylindrical, violet-blue cones, Masses of large, bowl-shaped, purplish-
sunny position and fertile, well-drained green leaves, banded with white beneath, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long. Z5–6 H6–5. blue flowers are produced in late spring
soil. Remove dead wood in late spring and are borne on hairy, gray shoots. Oblong, var. arizonica ‘Compacta’, H 12–15ft and early summer. Has oval, lobed,
prune out older branches after flowering violet-blue cones are 31/2–6in (9–15cm) (4–5m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m), is a slow- sharply toothed, gray-green leaves. Z8–9
to restrict growth, if required. Propagate long. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Spreading Star’, growing, ovoid to conical tree with corky H9–8. var. album, illus. p.113. ‘Veronica
by softwood cuttings in summer. H 20in (50cm), S 12–15ft (4–5m), is a bark and blue foliage. ‘Roger Watson’, Tennant’, illus. p.114.
A.‘Edward Goucher’, illus. p.153. procumbent form suitable for use as H and S 21⁄2ft (75cm), is dwarf and conical,
A. floribunda (Mexican abelia). a groundcover. with silvery-gray leaves.
Evergreen, arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), A. balsamea (Balsam fir). f. hudsonia, A. nordmanniana (Caucasian fir). ACACIA
S 12ft (4m). Has oval, glossy, dark green syn. A. balsamea Hudsonia Group is a Columnar, dense conifer. H 50–80ft Wattle
leaves and, in early summer, drooping, dense, dwarf conifer of flattened to (15–25m), S 15ft (5m). Luxuriant foliage LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE
tubular, bright red flowers. Z8–11 H11–8. globose habit. H and S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). is rich green. Cylindrical cones, 4–6in
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or A
A. x grandiflora, illus. p.113. ‘Francis Has smooth, gray bark and gray-green (10–15cm) long, are green-brown,
deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for
Mason’ is a vigorous, semievergreen, leaves that are semi-spirally arranged. ripening to brown. Z4–6 H6–4. ‘Golden
their tiny flowers, composed of massed
arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Has Z3–6 H6–1. Hudsonia Group. See A. Spreader’, H and S 3ft (1m), is a dwarf
stamens, and for their foliage. Many
coppery-yellow young shoots and oval, balsamea f. hudsonia. ‘Nana’ is another form with a spreading habit and bright
species have phyllodes instead of true
yellowish-green leaves, darker in centers. dwarf form that makes a dense, globose golden-yellow leaves.
Bears a profusion of fragrant, bell- leaves. Requires full sun and well-drained
mound with leaves that are spirally A. procera, illus. p.95.
shaped, white flowers, tinged with pink, soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
arranged. A. veitchii, illus. p.96.
from mid-summer to mid-fall. Z6–9 H9–6. Red spider mite and mealy bug may
A. cephalonica (Greek fir). Upright
A. schumannii, illus. p.154. be problematic.
conifer with a conical crown; old trees
A. triflora, illus. p.113.
ABUTILON A. baileyana, illus. p.92. ‘Purpurea’,
have massive, spreading, erect branches.
Flowering maple illus. p.84.
H 70–100ft (20–30m), S 15–30ft (5–10m).
MALVACEAE A. dealbata, illus. p.211.
ABELIOPHYLLUM Sharp, stiff, glossy, deep green leaves
A. juniperina. See A. ulicifolia.
are whitish-green beneath. Cylindrical, Genus of evergreen, semievergreen
OLEACEAE tapered cones, 4–6in (10–15cm) long, are
A. longifolia (Sydney golden wattle).
or deciduous shrubs, perennials and
Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, Evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 20ft
brown when ripe. Z5–6 H6–5. ‘Meyer’s annuals, grown for their flowers and
grown for its winter flowers. In cold (6m). Has narrowly oblong, dark green
Dwarf’ (illus. p.105), H 20in (50cm), foliage. Needs full sun or partial shade
regions grow against a south- or west- S 5ft (1.5m), has short leaves and forms a phyllodes. Bears cylindrical clusters of
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
facing wall. Requires plenty of sun and spreading, flat topped-mound. containerized specimens freely when in golden-yellow flowers in early spring.
fertile, well-drained soil. Thin out excess A. concolor (White fir). Upright conifer. full growth, less at other times. In the Z9–11 H12–1.
older shoots after flowering each year H 50–100ft (15–30m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has growing season, young plants may need A. podalyriifolia (Mount Morgan
to encourage vigorous, young growth. widely spreading, blue-green or gray tip pruning to promote bushy growth. wattle, Queensland silver wattle).
Propagate by softwood cuttings leaves and cylindrical, green or pale blue Mature specimens may have previous Evergreen, arching shrub. H 10–15ft
in summer. cones, 3–5in (8–12cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. season’s stems cut back hard annually (3–5m), S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has blue-green
A. distichum (Korean abelialeaf). ‘Argentea’, illus. p.95. ‘Compacta’, in early spring. Tie lax-growing species phyllodes and produces racemes of bright
Deciduous, open shrub. H and S 4ft syn. A. concolor ‘Glauca Compacta’ to a support if necessary. Propagate yellow flowers in spring. Z11 H11–10.
(1.2m). In late winter produces fragrant, (illus. p.105), H 6ft (2m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), by seed in spring or by softwood, A. pravissima, illus. p.92.
star-shaped, white flowers, tinged with is a cultivar with steel-blue foliage. greenwood or semiripe cuttings in A. pulchella, illus. p.458.
pink, on bare stems; flowers may be ‘Glauca Compacta’. See A. concolor summer. Whitefly and red spider mite A. ulicifolia, syn. A. juniperina.
damaged by hard frosts. Leaves are oval ‘Compacta’. may be troublesome. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m),
and dark green. Z5–9 H9–1. A. delavayi (Delavay’s fir). Upright A. ‘Ashford Red’, illus. p.137. S 5ft (1.5m). Has very narrow, cylindrical,
conifer producing tiered, spreading A. ‘Golden Fleece’. Strong-growing, spine-like, rich green phyllodes and,
branches. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 12–20ft evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 6–10ft in mid-spring, globular clusters of pale
ABIES yellow flowers. Z11–15 H12–10.
(4–6m). Has maroon shoots and curved, (2–3m). Has maple- to heart-shaped,
Silver fir
bright deep green leaves, spirally serrated, rich green leaves. Pendent, A. verticillata (Prickly Moses).
PINACEAE arranged, with vivid silver bands beneath bell-shaped, yellow flowers are borne Evergreen, spreading tree or bushy
Genus of tall conifers with whorled and rolled margins. Cones are narrowly from spring to fall. Z12–11 H10–1. shrub. H and S 28ft (9m). Has needlelike,
branches. Spirally arranged leaves are cylindrical, 21/2–6in (6–15cm) long, and A. ‘Kentish Belle’, illus. p.162. dark green phyllodes and, in spring,
needlelike, flattened, usually soft and violet-blue. Z8–9 H9–8. A. megapotamicum, illus. p.203. dense, bottle brushlike spikes of bright 497
often have silvery bands beneath. Bears A. forrestii, illus. p.100. A. pictum of gardens, syn. A. striatum. yellow flowers. Z11 H11–10.
www.ebook777.com
ACAENA
A. venustum. Evergreen, cushion- cultivars by various grafting methods in ‘Aureum’. See A. shirasawanum ‘Aureum’.
ACAENA forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). late winter or early spring, or by budding ‘Vitifolium’, illus. p.77.
New Zealand burr Small spikes of star-shaped, pink flowers, in summer. Leaf-eating caterpillars or A. laxiflorum, syn. A. pectinatum subsp.
ROSACEAE on 11/4in (3cm) stems, are produced from aphids sometimes infest plants, and maple laxiflorum, illus. p.92.
late spring to early summer amid rosetted, tar spot may affect A. platanoides and A. lobelii. See A. cappadocicum subsp.
Genus of mainly summer-flowering
spear-shaped, spiny, blue-green leaves A. pseudoplatanus. lobelii.
subshrubs and perennials, evergreen in all
that are edged with silver. Needs a very A. buergerianum (Trident maple). A. macrophyllum, illus. p.60.
but the severest winters, grown for their
hot, well-drained site. Makes an excellent Deciduous, spreading tree. H 30ft (10m) or A. maximowiczianum, syn. A. nikoense
leaves and colored burs and as groundcover.
alpine house plant. Z7–9 H9–7. more, S 25ft (8m). Has 3-lobed, glossy, dark (Nikko maple). Slow-growing, deciduous,
Has tight, rounded heads of small flowers. Is
green leaves, usually providing long-lasting round-headed tree. H and S 40ft (12m).
good for a rock garden. Some species may Acanthopanax. See Eleutherococcus,
display of red, orange and purple in fall. Leaves have 3 oval, bluish-green leaflets
be invasive. Needs sun or partial shade and except for A. ricinifolius, for which see
Z5–9 H9–5. that turn brilliant red and yellow in fall.
well-drained soil. Propagate by division Kalopanax septemlobus.
A. capillipes, illus. p.77. Z6–9 H9–6.
in early spring or by seed in fall.
A. cappadocicum (Cappadocian maple). A. monspessulanum (Montpelier maple).
A. anserinifolia. See A. novae-zelandiae.
A. buchananii. Vigorous, evergreen,
ACANTHUS Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), Deciduous, usually compact, round-headed
Bear’s breeches S 50ft (15m). Has 5-lobed, bright green tree or shrub. H and S 40ft (12m). Small,
prostrate perennial. H 3/4in (2cm), S 30in
ACANTHACEAE leaves that turn yellow in fall. Z5–7 H7–5. 3-lobed, glossy, dark green leaves remain
(75cm) or more. Bears glaucous leaves
‘Aureum’ has bright yellow young leaves on tree until late fall. Z7–9 H9–7.
composed of 11–17 oval, toothed leaflets. Genus of perennials, some of which are
that turn light green in summer and A. negundo (Ash-leaved maple, Box
Globose, green flower heads are borne semievergreen, grown for their large,
assume yellow fall tints. Z5–7 H7–5. subsp. elder). Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
in summer and develop into spiny, yellow- deeply cut leaves and their spikes of
green burs. Z6–8 H8–6. lobelii, syn. A. lobelii (Lobel’s maple) tree. H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Bright green
flowers. Prefers full sun, warm conditions
A. caerulea. See A. caesiiglauca. illus. p.62. leaves have 3–5 oval leaflets. Clusters of
and well-drained soil, but will tolerate
A. caesiiglauca, syn. A. caerulea, illus. A. carpinifolium, illus. p.88. inconspicuous, greenish-yellow flowers
shade. Protect crowns in first winter after
p.374. A. circinatum (Vine maple). Deciduous, are borne in late spring. Z5–8 H8–3.
planting. Long, thong-like roots make
A. microphylla, illus. p.374. spreading, bushy tree or shrub. H 15ft (5m) ‘Variegatum’, illus. p.74. var. violaceum
plants difficult to eradicate if wrongly
A. novae-zelandiae, syn. A. anserinifolia or more, S 20ft (6m). Rounded, 7–9-lobed, has purplish branchlets covered in a
placed. Propagate by seed or division in
of gardens. Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate mid-green leaves turn brilliant orange and glaucous bloom and prominent clusters
early fall or spring, or by root cuttings
subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 30in (75cm) or red in fall. Bears clusters of small, purple- of tassel-like, purplish-pink flowers.
in winter.
more. Has brown-green leaves, divided into and-white flowers in spring. Z6–9 H9–4. A. nikoense. See A. maximowiczianum.
A. balcanicus. See A. hungaricus.
9–13 oval, toothed leaflets. In summer, red- A. cissifolium (Ivy-leaved maple). A. opalus (Italian maple). Deciduous,
A. dioscoridis. Upright, architectural
spined, brownish burs develop from perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Has Deciduous, spreading tree. H 25ft (8m), round-headed tree. H and S 50ft (15m).
spherical heads of greenish-brown flowers. oval, deeply cut, rigid, basal leaves and S 40ft (12m). Leaves consist of 3 oval, Clusters of small, yellow flowers emerge
Z6–8 H8–6. hairy stems. Dense spikes of small, funnel- toothed leaflets, bronze-tinged when from early to mid-spring, before foliage.
A. ‘Pewter’. See A. saccaticupula ‘Blue shaped, purple-and-white flowers are young, dark green in summer, turning Leaves are broad, 5-lobed and dark green,
Haze’. produced in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. red and yellow in fall. Prefers partial turning yellow in fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
A. saccaticupula ‘Blue Haze’, syn. A. hungaricus, syn. A. balcanicus, shade and neutral to acid soil. Z4–8 H8–1. A. palmatum (Japanese maple).
A. ‘Pewter’. Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate A. longifolius (Balkan bear’s breeches). subsp. henryi. See A. henryi. Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or tree.
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 30in (75cm) or Upright perennial. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), A. crataegifolium (Hawthorn maple). H and S 20ft (6m) or more. Palmate, deeply
more. Leaves are divided into 9–15 oval, S 3ft (1m). Has long, deeply cut, basal, Deciduous, arching tree. H and S 30ft (10m). lobed, mid-green leaves turn brilliant
A toothed, steel-blue leaflets. Produces dark green leaves. Spikes of white or pink- Branches are streaked green and white. orange, red or yellow in fall. Clusters of
spherical, brownish-red flower heads flushed flowers, set in spiny, red-purple Small, oval, mid-green leaves turn orange small, reddish-purple flowers are borne in
that develop in fall to dark red burs with bracts, are borne in summer. Z6–9 H9–5. in fall. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Veitchii’ illus. p.85. mid-spring. Z6–8 H8–2. ‘Atropurpureum’,
pinkish-red spines. Z7–9 H9–7. A. longifolius. See A. hungaricus. A. davidii (David’s maple, Snakebark illus. p.89. ‘Bloodgood’, illus. p.138.
A. mollis (Common bear’s breeches). maple), illus. p.78. Deciduous tree with ‘Butterfly’ has gray-green leaves edged
upright branches. H and S 50ft (15m). with cream and pink. ‘Chitose-yama’ has
ACALYPHA Semievergreen, stately, upright perennial.
Branches are striped green and white. mid-green foliage that gradually turns
H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm). Has long, oval,
EUPHORBIACEAE deeply cut, bright green leaves and, in Oval, glossy, dark green leaves often brilliant red from late summer to fall.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials, summer, produces many spikes of funnel- turn yellow or orange in fall. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Corallinum’, illus. p.123. var. coreanum
grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs shaped, mauve-and-white flowers. Z7–11 subsp. grosseri. See A. grosseri. has mid-green leaves turning brilliant
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil. H11–7. ‘Hollard’s Gold’, illus. p.219. ‘Madeline Spitta’, illus. p.76. red in fall. ‘Dissectum Atropurpureum’,
Water container plants freely when in A. spinosus (Spiny bear’s breeches), A. ginnala. See A. tataricum subsp. ginnala. syn. A. palmatum ‘Ornatum’ illus. p.156.
full growth, much less at other times and illus. p.239. A. giraldii. Deciduous, spreading tree. var. heptalobum, illus. p.117. var.
in low temperatures. Stem tips of young H and S 30ft (10m). Shoots have blue-gray heptalobum ‘Lutescens’ has large leaves
plants may be removed in growing season bloom. Large, sycamore-like, shallowly that become clear yellow in fall. Winged
to promote branching. Propagate by
ACCA lobed leaves, with long, pink stalks, are fruits follow flowers. var. heptalobum
SYN. FEIJOA
softwood, greenwood or semiripe cuttings dark green above, blue-white beneath. ‘Rubrum’, illus. p.115. ‘Lorbergii’. See
in summer. Red spider mite, whitefly and MYRTACEAE Z7–9 H9–7. A. platanoides ‘Palmatifidum’. ‘Ornatum’.
mealy bug may be troublesome. Genus of evergreen, opposite-leaved A. grandidentatum. See A. saccharum See A. palmatum ‘Dissectum
A. hispida (Chenille plant). Evergreen, shrubs, grown for their shallowly cup- subsp. grandidentatum. Atropurpureum’. ‘Osakazuki’, illus. p.90.
upright, soft-stemmed shrub. H 6ft (2m) shaped flowers. Needs a sheltered, A. griseum (Paperbark maple), illus. p.78. ‘Sango-kaku’, syn. A. palmatum ‘Senkaki’
or more, S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has oval, toothed, sunny site and light, well-drained soil. Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 30ft (Coralbark maple), illus. p.78. Young winter
lustrous, deep green leaves. Tiny, crimson Propagate by seed sown as soon as ripe (10m). Has peeling, orange-brown bark. shoots are coral-pink; the orange-yellow
flowers hang in long, dense, catkin-like or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Dark green leaves have 3 leaflets and turn leaves turn green, becoming pink and
spikes, intermittently year-round. May be A. sellowiana, illus. p.203. red and orange in fall. Z4–8 H8–1. finally yellow in fall. Z6–8 H8–2. ‘Senkaki’.
grown as a short-lived cordon. Z11 H11–6. A. grosseri, syn. A. davidii subsp. grosseri See A. palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’.
A. wilkesiana, illus. p.456. (Snakebark maple), illus. p.78. Deciduous, ‘Shindeshojo’, illus. p.123.
ACER upright and spreading tree. H and S 30ft A. pectinatum subsp. laxiflorum. See
Maple
(10m). Has white-striped trunk and A. laxiflorum.
ACANTHOLIMON ACERACEAE/SAPINDACEAE branches. Broadly oval, deeply lobed, bright A. pensylvanicum, illus. p.79.
Prickly thrift
Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees green leaves turn red in fall. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Erythrocladum’ (illus. p.78), is a
PLUMBAGINACEAE and shrubs, grown for their foliage, which A. henryi, syn. A. cissifolium subsp. deciduous, upright tree. H 30ft (10m),
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for often colors brilliantly in fall and, in some henryi, illus. p.76. S 20ft (6m). Has brilliant candy-pink, young
their flowers and tight cushions of spiny cases, for their ornamental bark or stems. A. japonicum (Fullmoon maple, Japanese shoots in winter and large, boldly lobed,
leaves. Is suitable for rock gardens and Small, but often attractive flowers are maple). Deciduous, bushy tree or shrub. mid-green leaves that turn bright yellow
walls. Prefers sun and well-drained soil. followed by 2-winged fruits. Requires sun H and S 30ft (10m). Rounded, lobed leaves in fall. Z3–7 H7–1.
Dislikes damp winters. Seed is rarely set in or semi-shade and fertile, moist but well- are mid-green, turning red in fall. Clusters A. platanoides (Norway maple).
cultivation. Propagate by softwood cuttings drained soil. Many acers produce their best of small, reddish-purple flowers open in Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
498 in late spring. fall color on neutral to acid soil. Propagate mid-spring. Shelter from strong winds. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Has large, broad,
A. glumaceum, illus. p.363. species by seed as soon as ripe or in fall; Z5–7 H7–1. ‘Aconitifolium’, illus. p.90. sharply lobed, bright green leaves that
ACIS
turn yellow or orange in fall and clusters basal leaves. Bears flat heads of pale yellow in a frost-free place over winter. Propagate
of yellow flowers borne in mid-spring ACHILLEA flowers, maturing to creamy-white, in by division of rhizomes or by seed, if
before the leaves appear. Considered Yarrow summer. Z3–9 H9–1. available, in spring or by stem cuttings
invasive in northeastern North America. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE A. millefolium (Yarrow). Variable, in summer.
Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Columnare’, H 40ft (12m), spreading, sometimes invasive perennial. A. antirrhina. Erect perennial. H and
Genus of mainly upright perennials, some
S 25ft (8m), is dense and columnar. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has S 14in (35cm) or more. Has oval, toothed
of which are semievergreen, suitable for
‘Crimson King’, illus. p.60. long, narrow, divided, dark green, basal leaves, to 2in (5cm) or more long and of
borders and rock gardens. Has fernlike
‘Drummondii’ has leaves broadly edged leaves. From late spring to late summer, unequal size in each opposite pair. In
foliage and large, usually platelike, flower
with creamy-white. ‘Emerald Queen’ erect flowering stems bear flattened heads summer bears funnel-shaped, red-orange
heads mainly in summer. Flower heads
is upright when young. ‘Globosum’, of tiny, daisylike, white or sometimes pink flowers, to 11/2in (4cm) long, with yellow
may be dried for winter decoration.
H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m), has a dense, flowers. Thrives on poor soil. Z3–9 H9–1. throats. Z15 H11–1.
Tolerates most soils but does best in
round crown. ‘Palmatifidum’, syn. A. ‘Fire King’ has dark green leaves and A. ‘Brilliant’. Erect, compact perennial.
a sunny, well-drained site. Tall species
palmatum ‘Lorbergii’ illus. p.67. rich red flowers in summer. ‘Kelwayi’ H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed
and cultivars need staking. Propagate
‘Royal Red’ has deep reddish-purple (illus. p.247), H 2ft (60cm), produces heads leaves and, in summer, large, funnel-
by division in early spring or fall or by
leaves. Those of ‘Schwedleri’ are of rich red flower heads. ‘Red Velvet’ shaped, scarlet flowers. Z15 H11–1.
softwood cuttings in early summer.
(illus. p.247), H 24in (60cm), bears rich A. coccinea. See A. erecta.
bright red when young, maturing to T Contact with foliage may aggravate A. erecta, syn. A. coccinea, A. pulchella.
purplish-green in summer and turn rose-red flowers. ‘Tickled Pink’,
skin allergies.
H 32–39in (80–100cm), is variable and Erect, bushy, branching perennial.
orange-red in fall. ‘Summershade’ A. aegyptica. See A. ‘Taygetea’.
produces flower heads from rich red-pink H and S 18in (45cm). Has narrowly oval,
has dark green leaves. A. argentea. See Tanacetum argenteum.
to softer, pastel shades. toothed leaves, often arranged in whorls
A. pseudoplatanus (Sycamore). Fast- A. argentea of gardens. See A. clavennae.
A. ‘Moonshine’. Upright perennial. of 3. Tubular, scarlet flowers with yellow
growing, deciduous, spreading tree. A. ‘Belle Epoque’, illus. p.247.
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has flat heads eyes are produced in summer.
H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Has broadly Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
of bright yellow flowers throughout Z15 H11–1.
5-lobed, dark green leaves. Makes a fine (1m), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark
summer above a mass of small, feathery, A. grandiflora. Erect perennial. H and
specimen tree and is good for an exposed green, basal leaves and bears flat heads
gray-green leaves. Divide plants regularly S to 24in (60cm). Oval, toothed leaves
position. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Brilliantissimum’, of rose-red flowers, maturing to lemon-
in spring. Z3–8 H8–1. are often reddish below. In summer has
illus. p.84. f. erythrocarpum, illus. p.65. yellow, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
A. ‘Paprika’. Semievergreen, upright tubular, dark pink to purple flowers with
‘Simon-Louis Frères’, illus. p.73. A. ‘Christine’s Pink’, illus. p.247.
perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more, S 16in white eyes. Z15 H11–1.
A. rubrum, illus. p.66. ‘Columnare’, Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
(40cm). Has feathery, silvery-green, basal A. ‘Little Beauty’, illus. p.469.
illus. p.76. ‘October Glory’ is a deciduous, (90cm), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark
leaves. Bears flat heads of rich rusty-red A. ‘Paul Arnold’. Erect, compact, free-
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m). green, basal leaves. In summer produces
flowering perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
flat heads of pale pink flowers, which flowers in summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
Has 3- or 5-lobed, glossy, dark green leaves Has oval, toothed leaves. Bears large,
fade as they age. Z3–9 H9–1. A. ‘Pretty Belinda’. Semievergreen,
that become intense red in fall, particularly funnel-shaped, purple flowers in summer.
A. clavennae, syn. A. argentea, illus. p.359. upright perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 16in
on neutral to acid soil. In spring, bare Z15 H11–1.
A. clypeolata. Semievergreen, upright (40cm) or more. Has feathery, dark green,
branches are covered with clusters of A. ‘Peach Blossom’. Trailing perennial.
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has basal leaves. In summer bears a succession
tiny, red flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. RED SUNSET H and S to 10in (25cm). Has oval, toothed
divided, hairy, silver leaves and dense, flat of rounded, deep pink flower heads, fading
(‘Franksred’) has dense growth that leaves, and large, funnel-shaped, peach-
heads of small, yellow flowers in summer. gradually to a softer color, creating a
also turns brilliant red in fall. Z3–9 H9–1. colored flowers in summer. Z15 H11–1.
Divide plants regularly in spring. Z3–9 H9–1. 2-tone effect. Z3–9 H9–1.
‘Scanlon’, illus. p.66. ‘Schlesingeri’, A. pulchella. See A. erecta.
A. ‘Coronation Gold’. Upright perennial. A. ptarmica ‘The Pearl’, illus. p.247.
illus. p.66.
A. rufinerve, illus. p.76. f. albolimbatum. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has feathery, Upright perennial. H and S 30in (75cm). Achnatherum calamagrostis. See A
silvery leaves. Produces large, flat heads Has large heads of small, pompon-like, Stipa calamagrostis.
See A. rufinerve ‘Hatsuyuki’. ‘Hatsuyuki’,
of small, golden flower heads in summer white flowers in summer and tapering, Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae.
syn. A. rufinerve f. albolimbatum is a
that dry well for winter decoration. Divide glossy, dark green leaves. May spread See Gladiolus murielae.
deciduous, arching tree. H 30ft (10m),
and replant every third year. Z3–9 H9–1. rapidly. Z3–8 H8–1. Acidanthera murielae. See Gladiolus
S 25ft (8m). Branches are striped green
A. ‘Fanal’, syn. A. ‘The Beacon’, illus. p.235. A. ‘Schwellenburg’. Spreading murielae.
and white. Has 3-lobed, mid-green leaves,
A. filipendulina (Fernleaf yarrow). perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).
mottled and edged with white, that turn
Upright perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft Has branched stems and gray-green leaves.
orange and red in fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
(60cm). Has deeply divided, pale green, Silvery buds are followed by lemon-yellow ACIPHYLLA
A. saccharinum, illus. p.63. flower heads from early summer to early Bayonet plant, Speargrass
basal leaves. In summer, erect flowering
f. laciniatum ‘Wieri’ is a fast-growing, fall. Z3–9 H9–1. UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
stems bear dense, domed heads of tiny,
deciduous, spreading tree with pendent, A. ‘Summerwine’. Semievergreen,
daisylike, bright yellow flowers. Is good Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
lower branches. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft upright perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more,
for cut flowers and drying them. Z3–9 mainly for the architectural value of their
(15m). Deeply lobed, mid-green leaves, S 16in (40cm) or more. Has feathery, dark-
H9–1. ‘Gold Plate’, illus. p.243. ‘Parker’s spiky foliage but also for their flowers,
with silver undersides, turn yellow in green, basal leaves. In summer bears flat
Variety’ (illus. p.247), H to 41/2ft (1.4m), has which are produced more freely on male
fall. Z4–8 H8–1. heads of deep red flowers maturing to soft
rather rounded flower heads. plants. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
A. saccharum (Sugar maple). subsp. purplish-brown. Z4–9 H9–2.
A. ‘Heidi’, illus. p.247. Semievergreen, Protect neck of plant from winter wet with
grandidentatum, syn. A. A. ‘Taygetea’, syn. A. aegyptica. Upright
upright perennial. H 24in (60cm) or more, a deep layer of stone chippings. Propagate
grandidentatum (Sugar maple) is a perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).
S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark green, by seed when fresh, in late summer, or in
deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 30ft Has lemon-yellow flowers above clumps
basal leaves. Bears flat heads of pink early spring.
(10m) or more. Broad 3- or 5-lobed, of feathery, gray leaves. Divide and replant
flowers, maturing to near white, in A. aurea, illus. p.227.
bright green leaves turn bright summer. Z3–9 H9–1. every third year. Z3–8 H8–1. A. scott-thomsonii (Giant Spaniard).
orange-red in early fall. Z4–8 H8–1. A. x kellereri, illus. p.360. A. ‘Terracotta’, illus. p.247. Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial.
‘Green Mountain’, H 70ft (20m), A. ‘Lachsschönheit’, illus. p.247. Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft H to 14ft (4.5m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Much-
S 40ft (12m), is upright. Large, 5-lobed Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has feathery, gray- dissected, spiny foliage is bronze when
leaves turn brilliant scarlet in fall. (1m) or more, S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, green, basal leaves. Bears flat heads of young, maturing to silver-gray. Prickly
‘Temple’s Upright’, illus. p.77. dark green, basal leaves. Bears flat heads burnt-orange flowers, maturing to cream, spikes of tiny, creamy-yellow flowers are
A. shirasawanum ‘Aureum’, syn. A. of pinkish-orange flowers, maturing to in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. rarely produced. Prefers moist but well-
japonicum ‘Aureum’, illus. p.89. pinkish-cream, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. A. ‘The Beacon’. See A. ‘Fanal’. drained soil. Z8–11 H11–8.
A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, syn. A. x lewisii ‘King Edward’. A. squarrosa, illus. p.242.
A. ginnala, illus. p.90.
A. triflorum, illus. p.91.
Semievergreen, rounded, compact, woody- ACHIMENES
based perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm)
A. velutinum (Persian maple). Deciduous,
Hot-water plant ACIS
or more. Has feathery, soft, gray-green
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). leaves. Bears compact heads of minute, GESNERIACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE
Produces large, sycamore-like, lobed, dark buff-yellow flower heads in summer. Is Genus of erect or trailing perennials with Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
green leaves, with undersides covered suitable for a rock garden, wall or bank. small rhizomes and showy flowers. Prefers bell-shaped, white or pink flowers in fall or
with pale brown down. Z7–9 H9–7. var. Z3–8 H8–1. bright light, but not direct sunlight, and spring. Some species prefer a moist,
vanvolxemii (Van Volxem’s maple) has A. ‘Lucky Break’. Semievergreen, well-drained soil. Use tepid water for partially shaded site; others do best in sun
even larger leaves, slightly glaucous and upright perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more, watering pot-grown plants. Allow plants to and well-drained soil. Propagate by division 499
smooth beneath. S 20in (50cm). Has feathery, silvery-green, dry out after flowering and store rhizomes in spring or early fall or by seed in fall.
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ACOKANTHERA
A. autumnalis, syn. Leucojum autumnale A. napellus (Helmet flower, Monkshood). A. alba. See A. pachypoda.
(Autumn snowflake), illus. p.424. Upright, tuberous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), A. alba of gardens. See A. rubra f. ADA
A. rosea, syn. Leucojum roseum. Early S 1ft (30cm). Bears tall, slender spires of neglecta. ORCHIDACEAE
fall-flowering bulb. H to 4in (10cm), S 1–2in hooded, light indigo-blue flowers in late A. erythrocarpa. See A. rubra.
See also ORCHIDS.
(2.5–5cm). Slender stems bear usually summer and deeply cut, mid-green A. pachypoda, syn. A. alba (Doll’s eyes,
A. aurantiaca, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
solitary, pale pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long. leaves. Z3–8 H8–3. ‘Albiflorus’. See White baneberry), illus. p.246.
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
Threadlike, erect, basal leaves appear with, A. napellus subsp. vulgare‘Albidum’. A. racemosa. See Cimicifuga racemosa.
H 9in (23cm). Bears sprays of tubular,
or just after, flowers. Prefers sun and well- subsp. vulgare ‘Albidum’, syn. A. rubra, syn. A. erythrocarpa (Red orange flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, in early
drained soil. Z3–9 H9–1. A. napellus ‘Albiflorus’ has white flowers. baneberry). Clump-forming perennial. spring. Has narrowly oval leaves, 4in
Z3–8 H8–3. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Small,
Acnistus australis. See Iochroma (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.
A. ‘Newry Blue’. Upright, tuberous fluffy, white flowers are followed in
australe. H11–6.
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). fall by clusters of poisonous, rounded,
Produces hooded, dark blue flowers on scarlet berries, borne above oval,
ACOKANTHERA erect stems in summer and has deeply divided, bright green leaves. Z4–8 ADANSONIA
divided, glossy, dark green leaves. Baobab
APOCYNACEAE H8–1. f. neglecta, syn. A. alba has
Z5–8 H8–5. white berries. BOMBACACEAE/MALVACEAE
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, A. orientale. See A. lycoctonum subsp.
grown for their flowers and overall A. simplex. See Cimicifuga simplex. Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
vulparia.
appearance. Requires full light and mainly spring-flowering trees, grown for
A. ‘Spark’s Variety’. Upright, tuberous
good drainage. Water container plants perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). ACTINIDIA their characteristically swollen trunks, their
moderately, less when not in full growth. foliage and for shade. Has flowers only on
Bears violet-blue flowers on branching ACTINIDIACEAE
Propagate by seed in spring or fall or by large, mature specimens. Requires full light
stems in summer and has deeply
semiripe cuttings in summer. T The sap divided, glossy, dark green leaves.
Genus of mainly deciduous, woody- and sharply drained soil. Allow soil of
and small, plum-like fruits that follow stemmed, twining climbers. Grows in container specimens almost to dry out
Z5–8 H8–5.
the flowers are highly toxic if ingested. partial shade but needs sun for fruit between waterings. Propagate by seed
A. ‘Stainless Steel’, illus. p.241.
A. oblongifolia, syn. A. spectabilis, to form and ripen. Grows in any well- sown in spring. Pot specimens under
A. volubile. See A. hemsleyanum.
Carissa spectabilis (Wintersweet), illus. drained soil that does not dry out. glass are susceptible to red spider mite.
A. vulparia. See A. lycoctonum subsp.
p.453. vulparia. Prune in winter if necessary. Propagate A. digitata (Baobab). Slow-growing,
A. spectabilis. See A. oblongifolia. by seed in spring or fall, by semiripe semievergreen, rounded tree. H and S 50ft
cuttings in mid-summer or by layering (15m) or more. Has palmate leaves of 5–7
ACORUS in winter. lustrous, green leaflets. Produces fragrant,
ACONITUM Sweet flag A. arguta (Hardy kiwi). Deciduous, pendent, long-stalked, white flowers, with
Aconite, Monkshood, Wolf’s bane 5 reflexed petals, in spring, followed by
ACORACEAE woody-stemmed, twining climber.
RANUNCULACEAE H 22–30ft (7–10m). Has ovate to oblong– edible, sausage-shaped, brown fruits. Z11
Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
Genus of perennials with poisonous, ovate, bristle-toothed, dark green leaves, H11–10.
marginal and submerged water plants,
tuberous or fibrous roots and upright, grown for their frequently aromatic to 5in (12cm) long. In early summer
sometimes scandent, stems, bearing foliage. Needs an open, sunny position. produces clusters of fragrant, cup-shaped, ADENIUM
curious, hooded flowers in summer. Leaves A. calamus requires up to 10in (25cm) white, unisexual flowers which in male Desert rose
are mostly rounded in outline. Is good depth of water. Tidy up fading foliage plants have purple anthers. Oblong,
when grown in rock gardens and borders.
APOCYNACEAE
A Prefers a position in sun, but tolerates
in fall and lift and divide plants every
3 or 4 years, in spring, as clumps
smooth-skinned, edible, yellow-green
fruits, to 1in (2.5cm) long, are produced Genus of perennial succulents with fleshy,
some shade and this may enhance flower become congested. on female plants. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Issai’ is swollen trunks. Needs sun or partial shade
color. Requires fertile, well-drained soil. A. calamus ‘Argenteostriatus’, illus. self-fertile. and well-drained soil; plants are very prone
Propagate by division in fall, every 2–3 p.435. A. chinensis. See A. deliciosa. to rotting. Propagate by seed sown in
years, or by seed in fall. T Contact with A. gramineus var. pusillus (Dwarf A. deliciosa, syn. A. chinensis spring or summer. T The milky sap that
the foliage may irritate skin; all parts are Japanese rush). Semievergreen, perennial, (Chinese gooseberry, Kiwi fruit). exudes from broken stems may irritate skin
highly toxic if ingested. marginal water plant or submerged and cause severe discomfort if ingested.
Vigorous, mainly deciduous, woody-
A. anthora. Compact, tuberous perennial. aquarium plant. H and S 4in (10cm). Has A. obesum, illus. p.486.
stemmed, twining climber. H 28–30ft
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has erect, narrow, grasslike, stiff leaves. Rarely, (9–10m). Heart-shaped leaves are
leafy stems that bear several hooded, insignificant, greenish flower spikes are 5–8in (13–20cm) long. In summer bears ADENOCARPUS
yellow flowers in summer. Leaves are produced in summer. Z10–11 H11–2. clusters of cup-shaped, white flowers
divided and dark green. Z5–8 H8–5. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
‘Variegatus’ (Variegated Japanese rush) , that later turn yellowish, followed by
A. x bicolor. See A. x cammarum ‘Bicolor’. illus. p.435. Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
edible, hairy, brown fruits. To obtain
A. ‘Bressingham Spire’. Compact, shrubs, grown for their profuse, broom-
fruits, both male and female plants must
upright, tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), like, yellow flowers, which are produced in
S 20in (50cm). Very erect spikes of hooded, ACRADENIA usually be grown. Z7–9 H9–7.
spring or early summer Requires a site in
A. kolomikta, illus. p.201.
violet-blue flowers are produced in RUTACEAE full sun and well-drained soil. Does best
A. pilosula. Vigorous, deciduous,
summer. Bears deeply divided leaves that Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for grown against a south-or west-facing wall.
woody-stemmed, twining climber.
are glossy and dark green. Z3–7 H8–3. their foliage and flowers. Requires a Propagate by seed sown in fall.
H 16–22ft (5–7m). Has lance-shaped,
A. x cammarum ‘Bicolor’, syn. A. x sheltered position in sun or semi-shade A. viscosus. Semievergreen, arching
pointed, bristle-margined, dark green shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Gray-green leaves
bicolor, illus. p.239. and fertile, well-drained soil. Does best leaves with silvery-white markings at with 3 narrowly lance-shaped leaflets
A. carmichaelii ‘Arends’, syn. A. planted against a south- or west-facing the leaf tips that often also cover half the densely cover shoots. Produces dense,
carmichaelii ‘Arendsii’. Erect, tuberous wall. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). Has leaf surface. Clusters of cup-shaped, terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers
in summer. pink, unisexual flowers are borne singly
divided, rich green leaves and, in fall, A. frankliniae, illus. p.192. in late spring. Z10–11 H12–9.
spikes of hooded, rich deep blue flowers. or in small clusters in the leaf axils in
Acroclinium. See Rhodanthe. spring. Egg-shaped, edible, yellow-green
Upright stems may need staking,
Acroclinium roseum. See Rhodanthe fruits may be produced on female plants. ADENOPHORA
particularly if planted in a shady site.
Z7–9 H9–1. Gland bellflower
Z3–8 H8–3. ‘Arendsii’. See A. carmichaelii chlorocephala subsp. rosea.
‘Arends’. A. polygama (Silver vine). Mainly CAMPANULACEAE
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
A. hemsleyanum, syn. A. volubile, illus.
ACTAEA climber. H 12–20ft (4–6m). Heart-shaped
Genus of summer-flowering, fleshy-rooted
p.204. perennials. Requires a site in full sun and
Baneberry leaves, 3–5in (7–13cm) long, are bronze
A. ‘Ivorine’. Upright, tuberous rich, well-drained but not over-dry soil.
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm). RANUNCULACEAE when young and sometimes have creamy May sometimes become invasive but
Bears hooded, creamy-white flowers in Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown upper sections. In summer has scented, resents disturbance. Propagate by basal
erect spikes in early summer. Strong for their colorful, poisonous berries. Likes cup-shaped, white flowers, usually cuttings taken in early spring or by seed
stems bear deeply divided, glossy, green woodland conditions—moist, peaty soil and arranged in groups of 3 male, female or sown in fall.
leaves. Z3–8 H8–3. shade. Propagate by division in spring or bisexual, followed by edible but not very A. potaninii. Rosette-forming perennial.
500 A. lycoctonum subsp. vulparia, syn. by seed in fall. T The berries are highly palatable, egg-shaped, bright yellow H 18in (45cm) or more, S 24in (60cm).
A. orientale, A. vulparia, illus. p.243. toxic if ingested. fruits. Z4–9 H9–7. Arching sprays of bell-shaped, pale bluish-
AESCULUS
lavender flowers are produced in late leaves with spiny edges and usually banded above, purplish below. Produces tubular,
summer. Has oval to lance-shaped, basal, ADROMISCHUS with gray scales beneath. Spikes of small, greenish flowers, with dark brown
mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. CRASSULACEAE tubular, yellow flowers open above large, markings, borne in terminal clusters
red bracts in summer. Z9–11 H11–1. in summer. Z15 H11–10.
Adhatoda duvernoia. See Justicia Genus of perennial succulents and
A. recurvata, illus. p.471. Evergreen, A. marmoratus. See A. longicaulis.
adhatoda. evergreen subshrubs with rounded, thin
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and A. pulcher (Lipstick plant, Royal red
or fat leaves. Needs partial shade and
S 6–8in (15–20cm). Narrowly triangular, bugler). Evergreen, climbing or trailing
very well-drained soil. Propagate by leaf
ADIANTUM or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
tapered, spiny-edged, arching, red-flushed, perennial. H and S indefinite. Produces
Maidenhair fern mid-green leaves are produced in dense thick, oval leaves and small, tubular,
A. cooperi, syn. Cotyledon cooperi,
ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE rosettes. In summer bears a short, dense hooded, bright red flowers, with yellow
Echeveria cooperi (Plover eggs). Freely
spike of tubular, red-and-white flowers, with throats, borne in terminal clusters from
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or branching perennial succulent. H 4in
red bracts, just above leaves. Z9–11 H11–1. summer to winter. Z14–15 H11–10.
evergreen ferns. Prefers semi-shade and (10cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has grayish-brown
A. speciosus, syn. A. splendens, illus.
moist, neutral to acid soil (A. aleuticum stems and inversely lance-shaped, glossy,
p.478.
prefers alkaline soil). Remove fading fronds gray-green leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, often AEGOPODIUM
A. splendens. See A. speciosus.
regularly. Propagate by spores in summer. purple-marked above. In summer produces Bishop’s weed, Goutweed
A. zebrinus. See A. longicaulis.
A. aleuticum, syn. A. pedatum var. tubular, green-and-red flowers, with white- UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
aleuticum, illus. p.291. margined, pink or purple lobes, on a stem
A. capillus-veneris (Maidenhair fern). 10in (25cm) or more long. Z14–15 H11–10.
Genus of invasive, rhizomatous perennials,
AESCULUS
most of which are weeds although
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and A. maculatus, illus. p.492. Buckeye, Horse chestnut
A. podagraria ‘Variegatum’ provides
S 12in (30cm). Has dainty, triangular to HIPPOCASTANACEAE/SAPINDACEAE
excellent groundcover. Tolerates sun or
oval, segmented, arching, light green AECHMEA shade and any well-drained soil. Propagate Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
fronds borne on black stems. Z8–11 H11–8.
BROMELIACEAE by division of rhizomes in spring or fall. grown for their bold, divided leaves and
A. cuneatum. See A. raddianum.
A. podagraria ‘Variegatum’. Vigorous, conspicuous, upright panicles or clusters
A. pedatum, illus. p.291. var. aleuticum. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming,
spreading perennial. H 4in (10cm), of flowers, followed by fruits (horse-
See A. aleuticum. epiphytic perennials, cultivated for their
S indefinite. Has lobed, creamy-white- chestnuts) sometimes with spiny outer
A. raddianum, syn. A. cuneatum (Delta foliage, flowers, and fruits. May be grown
variegated leaves. Insignificant, white casings. Requires sun or semi-shade and
maidenhair). Semievergreen or evergreen in full light or a semi-shaded site. Provide
flowers, borne in summer, are best fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species
fern. H and S 12in (30cm). Triangular, a rooting medium of equal parts rich soil
removed. Z4–9 H9–1. by sowing seed in fall, cultivars by budding
divided, pale green segments are borne and either sphagnum moss or bark or
on finely dissected fronds that have plastic chips used for orchid culture. Using in late summer or by grafting in late winter.
purplish-black stems. Z11 H11–10. soft water, water moderately in summer, AEONIUM Leaf spot may affect young foliage, and
‘Fritz Lüthi’ has bright green fronds. sparingly at all other times, and keep cup- coral spot fungus may attack damaged
CRASSULACEAE wood. T All parts of these plants may
‘Grandiceps’ (Tassel maidenhair) has like, rosette centers filled with water from
elegant, tasselled fronds. spring through to fall. Propagate by offsets Genus of perennial succulents, some of cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
A. tenerum (Brittle maidenhair fern). in late spring. which are short-lived, and evergreen, A. californica, illus. p.81.
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H 1–3ft A. distichantha. Evergreen, basal- succulent shrubs, grown for their rosettes A. x carnea (Red horse-chestnut). ‘Briotii’,
(30cm–1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Broadly rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and of bright green or blue-green, occasionally illus. p.60.
lance-shaped, much-divided, spreading, S to 3ft (1m). Forms dense rosettes of purple, leaves. Prefers partial shade and A. chinensis, illus. p.60.
mid-green fronds consist of rounded or narrowly oblong, round-tipped, arching very well-drained soil. Most species grow A. flava, syn. A. octandra, illus. p.76.
diamond-shaped pinnae. Z9–11 H11–9. leaves that are dull green above, gray from fall to spring and are semi-dormant in A. glabra (Ohio buckeye). Deciduous, A
A. venustum, illus. p.292. and scaly beneath. Has panicles of small, mid-summer. Propagate by seed in summer round-headed, sometimes shrubby
tubular, purple or blue flowers among or, for branching species, by stem cuttings tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Leaves, usually
white-felted, pink bracts, usually in in spring or summer. composed of 5 narrowly oval leaflets, are
ADLUMIA summer. Z15 H11–1. A. arboreum. Bushy, perennial succulent. dark green. Bears 4-petaled, greenish-
PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE A. fasciata, syn. Billbergia rhodocyanea H to 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Branched stems yellow flowers in upright clusters in late
Genus of one species of herbaceous, (Silver vase plant, Urn plant), illus. p.471. are each crowned by a rosette, up to spring and early summer. Z3–7 H7–1.
biennial, leaf-stalk climber, grown for its Evergreen, tubular-rosetted, epiphytic 6in (15cm) across, of broadly lance-shaped, A. hippocastanum (Common horse
leaves and flowers. Grows in semi-shade perennial. H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 12–20in glossy, bright green leaves. In spring chestnut). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
in any soil. Propagate by seed in spring. (30–50cm). Has loose rosettes of broadly produces cones of small, star-shaped, tree. H 60ft (18m), S 50ft (15m). Has large
A. cirrhosa. See A. fungosa. oblong, round-tipped, incurved, arching golden flowers on 2–3-year-old stems, leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets and spires of white
A. fungosa, syn. A. cirrhosa (Allegheny leaves with dense, gray scales and silver which then die back. Z9–11 H9–4. flowers, flushed pink and yellow in centers
vine, Climbing fumitory). Herbaceous, cross-banding. Bears dense, pyramidal ‘Schwarzkopf’. See A. ‘Zwartkop’. in spring. Spiny fruits contain glossy, brown
biennial, leaf-stalk climber. H 10–12ft panicles of tubular, blue-purple flowers A. haworthii, illus. p.489. nuts in fall. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Baumannii’,
(3–4m). Delicate leaves have numerous among pink bracts, just above foliage, A. tabuliforme, illus. p.491. H 100ft (30m), has dark green leaves turning
leaflets. Tiny, tubular, spurred, white or from spring to fall. H11–1. A. ‘Zwartkop’, syn. A. arboreum to yellow in fall and double, yellow- or red-
purplish flowers are borne in drooping A. Foster’s Favorite Group (Lacquered ‘Schwarzkopf’, illus. p.310. marked, white flowers.
panicles in summer. Z3–7 H7–1. A. indica (Indian horse-chestnut).
wine-cup). Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),
epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–24in AESCHYNANTHUS
ADONIS (30–60cm). Has loose rosettes of strap-
GESNERIACEAE
S 40ft (12m). Glossy, dark green leaves with
shaped, arching, lustrous, wine-red leaves. usually 7 narrowly oval leaflets are bronze
RANUNCULACEAE
Drooping spikes of small, tubular, deep Genus of evergreen, climbing, trailing or when young, orange or yellow in fall.
Genus of spring-flowering perennials, creeping perennials, useful for growing Upright panicles of 4-petaled, pink-tinged,
purple-blue flowers are borne in summer,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Some in hanging baskets. Needs a fairly humid white flowers, marked with red or yellow,
followed by pear-shaped, red fruits.
thrive in semi-shade; others require an atmosphere and a position out of direct appear in mid-summer. Z7–8 H8–7.
Z15 H11–1.
open, well-drained site. Propagate by seed
A. fulgens (Coral berry). Evergreen, sun. Water sparingly in low temperatures. ‘Sydney Pearce’, illus. p.73.
when fresh, in late summer, or by division
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and Propagate by tip cuttings in spring or A. x neglecta (Sunrise horse-chestnut).
after flowering.
S 16–30in (40–75cm). Forms loose rosettes summer. ‘Erythroblastos’, illus. p.72.
A. amurensis (Amur adonis). Clump-
of broadly oblong, arching, glossy, mid- A. ‘Black Pagoda’. Semi-trailing A. octandra. See A. flava.
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 9–12in
green leaves with gray scales beneath perennial. H 24in (60cm), S to 18in (45cm). A. parviflora, illus. p.113.
(23–30cm). Mid-green leaves are finely cut.
Bears cup-shaped, golden flowers singly and rounded or pointed tips. In summer Has elliptic leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, A. pavia (Red buckeye). Deciduous, round-
at the tips of stems in late winter and early produces, above foliage, erect panicles of pale green with dark brown marbling headed, sometimes shrubby tree. H 15ft
spring. Z4–7 H7–1. small, tubular, violet-purple flowers that above, and purple beneath. Bears terminal (5m), S 10ft (3m). Glossy, dark green leaves
A. brevistyla. Clump-forming perennial. turn red with age. These are succeeded clusters of deep burnt-orange flowers, consist of 5 narrowly oval leaflets. Has
H and S 6–9in (15–23cm). Mid-green leaves by small, rounded to ovoid, red fruits on with green calyces, from summer to winter. panicles of 4-petaled, red flowers in early
are finely cut. Has cup-shaped, white red stalks. Z15 H11–1. Z15 H11–10. summer. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Atrosanguinea’,
flowers, tinged blue outside and borne A. nudicaulis. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, A. longicaulis, syn. A. marmoratus, illus. p.86.
singly at the tips of stems in early spring. epiphytic perennial. H and S 16–30in A. zebrinus. Evergreen, trailing perennial. A. turbinata (Japanese horse-chestnut).
Z4–9 H9–1. (40–75cm). Produces loose rosettes of a few H and S to 24in (60cm). Oval, waxy leaves Deciduous, spreading, sturdy-branched 501
A. vernalis, illus. p.262. broadly strap-shaped, arching, olive-green are dark green, veined yellowish-green tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m). Large, dark
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AETHIONEMA
green leaves consist of 5 or 7 narrowly oval are borne on strong stems in summer, A. rugosa var. rugosa. See A. incurvata. A. flexispina. Basal-rosetted, perennial
leaflets. Panicles of creamy-white flowers above narrow, grayish-green leaves. A. serpens, illus. p.461. succulent. H 14in (35cm), S 30in (75cm).
appear in late spring and early summer. Z7–11 H11–7. A. variegata var. macrantha, syn. Sword-shaped, glaucous to yellowish-
Z6–8 H8–6. A. ‘Cherry Holley’. Clump-forming A. macrantha, illus. p.461. green leaves have wavy margins and
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). flexible, brown spines. Flower stem, to
111/2ft (3.5m) long, bears a rather open
AETHIONEMA Rounded umbels of dark blue flowers,
AGASTACHE
borne in summer above narrow leaves, panicle of cylindrical, red-tinged, greenish-
Stonecress Mexican giant hyssop
do not fade to purple with age. yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) long, in summer.
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE Z7–10 H10–7. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE Z8–10 H11–8.
Genus of short-lived, evergreen or A. ‘Dorothy Palmer’. Clump-forming Genus of summer-flowering perennials A. macroacantha, illus. p.482. Basal-
semievergreen shrubs, subshrubs and perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). with aromatic leaves. Requires full sun and rosetted, perennial succulent. H 12–16in
perennials, grown for their prolific Rounded umbels of rich blue flowers, fertile, well-drained soil. Plants are short- (30–40cm), S 10–16in (25–40cm). Has
flowers. Needs sun and well-drained fading to reddish-mauve, are borne on lived and should be propagated each year narrowly sword-shaped, toothed, bluish-
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in erect stems above narrow, grayish-green by softwood or semiripe cuttings taken in gray leaves with dark brown spines.
spring or by seed in fall. Most species leaves in late summer. Z9–11 H12–7. late summer. Flower stem, to 6ft (2m) long, bears
self-seed readily. A. inapertus. Clump-forming perennial. A. ‘Black Adder’, illus. p.280. slender panicles of tubular, purple-tinged,
A. armenum, illus. p.364. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Pendent, A. mexicana, syn. Brittonastrum green flowers, 2in (5cm) long, and
A. grandiflorum, syn. A. pulchellum, narrowly tubular, blue flowers are borne mexicanum, Cedronella mexicana (Mexican sometimes bulbils, in summer.
illus. p.338. on very erect stems, above narrow, bluish- giant hyssop). Upright perennial with Z8–11 H11–4.
A. iberideum (Iberis stonecress). green leaves, in late summer and fall. Z9–11 aromatic leaves. H to 3ft (1m), S to 1ft A. maculosa, syn. Manfreda maculosa.
Evergreen or semievergreen, rounded, H11–7. subsp. pendulus ‘Graskop’, (30cm). In summer bears whorls of Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent.
compact shrub. H and S 6in (15cm). illus. p.240. small, tubular flowers in shades of pink H 24–72in (20–60cm), S 12–36in (30–90cm).
Bears small, lance-shaped, gray-green A. ‘Lilliput’. Compact, clump-forming to crimson. Leaves are oval, pointed, Lance-shaped, grooved, dark green
leaves and, in summer, 3/4in (2cm) perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Has toothed and mid-green. Z7–11 H11–7. leaves, with small, distantly spaced
stems each bear a raceme of small, small, rounded umbels of dark blue flowers teeth, sometimes have dark green- or
Agathaea. See Felicia.
saucer-shaped, white flowers. in summer. Leaves are narrow and mid- brown-spotted patterns. Flower stem,
Z6–8 H8–6. green. Z6–9 H9–4. to 6ft (1.8m) long, bears narrow spikes
A. pulchellum. See A. grandiflorum. A. ‘Loch Hope’. Clump-forming AGATHOSMA of bell-shaped, white to yellowish-white
A. ‘Warley Rose’, illus. p.362. perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). RUTACEAE flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) long, in summer.
A. ‘Warley Ruber’. Evergreen or Bears large, rounded umbels of deep blue Z8–11 H12–5.
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
semievergreen, rounded, compact flowers in late summer and early fall, A. parrasana, illus. p.482. Basal-
flowers and overall appearance. Needs full
subshrub. H and S 6in (15cm). Has tiny, above narrow, grayish-green leaves. rosetted, compact, perennial succulent.
light and well-drained, acid soil. Water
linear, bluish-green leaves. Racemes of Z8–11 H12–1. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
container specimens moderately, less when
small, deep rose-pink flowers are produced A. ‘Northern Star’, illus. p.241. Ovate, closely packed and overlapping,
not in full growth. Propagate by semiripe
on 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) stems in spring– A. orientalis. See A. praecox subsp. thick, rigid, light gray leaves have
cuttings in late summer.
summer. Z6–8 H8–6. orientalis. toothed margins with short, grayish-
A. pulchella, syn. Barosma pulchella.
A. ‘Phantom’. Evergreen, clump-forming brown spines. Flower stem, 10–13ft
Evergreen, rounded, wiry, aromatic shrub.
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or (3–4m) long, produces ellipsoidal panicles
AGAPANTHUS more. Large, rounded clusters of white
H and S to 3ft (1m). Has a dense mass
of bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
African blue lily of small, oval, leathery leaves. Small,
A flowers, flushed pale blue at the edges,
5-petaled, purple flowers are freely 2in (5cm) long, flushed red or purple,
AGAPANTHACEAE are borne on sturdy stems in mid- to late in summer. Z9–11 H12–4.
produced in terminal clusters in spring–
Genus of clump-forming perennials, some summer. Has broadly strap-shaped, bright summer. Z9–10 H11–9. A. parryi, illus. p.489.
of which are evergreen, with erect stems green leaves, Z9–11 H12–1. A. parviflora, illus. p.482. Basal-rosetted,
that carry large umbels of bell- to tubular- A. praecox subsp. orientalis, syn. perennial succulent. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in
bell-shaped or trumpet-shaped flowers, A. orientalis, illus. p.242. AGAVE (50cm). Has narrow, white-marked, dark
usually blue and often fading to purple A. ‘Purple Cloud’, illus. p.241. AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE green leaves with white fibers peeling from
with age. Leaves are strap-shaped. Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents edges. Produces white flowers in summer.
Grows in full sun and in moist, well- AGAPETES with sword-shaped, sharp-toothed leaves. H11–10.
drained soil. Protect crowns in winter A. polianthes. See Polianthes tuberosa.
SYN. PENTAPTERYGIUM Small species, to 1ft (30cm) high, flower
with ash or mulch. Plants increase slowly only after 5–10 years; tall species, to 15ft A. polianthiflora, illus. p.482. Basal-
but may be propagated by division in ERICACEAE rosetted, perennial succulent. H 4–8in
(5m) high, may take 20–40 years to flower.
spring; may also be raised from seed in Genus of evergreen or deciduous, Requires full sun and well-drained soil. (10–20cm), S 4–12in (10–30cm). Lance-
fall or spring. Named cultivars will not scandent shrubs and semi-scrambling Propagate by seed or offsets in spring shaped, white-marked, mid-green leaves
come true from seed. climbers, grown for their flowers. Needs or summer. have wispy, white filaments on the margins;
A. africanus (African lily). Evergreen, full light or partial shade and a rich, well- A. americana (Century plant). Basal- minute teeth are borne only towards leaf
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in drained but not dry, neutral to acid soil. rosetted, perennial succulent. H 3–6ft bases. Red flower stem, 3–6ft (1–2m) long,
(50cm). In late summer has rounded umbels Water potted specimens freely when in (1–2m), S 6–10ft (2–3m) or more. Has bears narrow spikes of tubular, pink and
of deep blue flowers on upright stems, full growth, but moderately at other sharply pointed, toothed leaves, to red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, in summer.
above broad, dark green leaves. Z9–10 times. Overlong stems may be cut back 5–6ft (1.5–2m) long. Branched flower stem, Z10–11 H12–5.
H11–1. to promote branching, but they are best to 25ft (8m) long, bears dense, tapering A. potatorum (Buterfly agave), illus.
A. ‘Alice Gloucester’. Clump-forming tied to supports. Propagate by seed sown spikes of bell-shaped, white p.482. Basal-rosetted, compact, perennial
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). in spring or by semiripe cuttings taken in to pale creamy-yellow flowers, each succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 12–18in
Produces large, dense, rounded umbels of late summer. 31/2in (9cm) long, in spring–summer. Offsets (30–45cm). Broadly sword-shaped,
white flowers in summer, above narrow, A. incurvata, syn. A. rugosa var. rugosa. freely. Z8–11 H12–5. ‘Marginata’, (illus. glaucous-white to green leaves have
mid-green leaves. Z7–11 H10–7. Evergreen, loose shrub with arching or p.482), H and S 6ft (2m), has yellow margins wavy to notched margins and sharp,
A. ‘Ben Hope’. Clump-forming perennial. spreading stems. H and S to 10ft (3m). and a central green zone to each leaf. Z9–11 sinuous, chestnut-brown spines. Red
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Erect stems Leaves are lance-shaped, wrinkled and H11–5. ‘Mediopicta’, H and S 6ft (2m), has to purple flower stem, 10–13ft (3–4m)
support dense, rounded umbels of deep bright green. In spring, clusters of pendent, central, yellow stripes along leaves. Z8–11 long, produces egg-shaped panicles of
blue flowers in late summer and early fall, urn-shaped, white flowers, patterned H12–5. ‘Striata’, illus. p.481. bell-shaped, red-tinged, light green to
borne over narrow, grayish-green leaves. with purple-red, are borne from leaf axils. A. attenuata, illus. p.489. yellowish flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) long,
Z7–10 H10–7. Z12–13 H11–10. A. duplicata. See Polianthes geminiflora. in summer. Z10–11 H12–9.
A. ‘Blue Giant’. Clump-forming A. ‘Ludgvan Cross’. Evergreen, A. filifera (Thread agave), illus. p.482. A. schottii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). Has scandent shrub with arching or pendulous Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. H 3ft succulent. H 8–16in (20–40cm), S 12–18in
rounded heads of open, bell-shaped, rich stems. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Lance-shaped (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has narrow, green leaves, (30–45cm). Narrowly linear, yellowish-
blue flowers in mid- to late summer. Z8–11 leaves are dark green. Urn-shaped, red each spined at the tip. White leaf margins green to green leaves have margins bearing
H11–1. flowers with darker patterns are produced gradually break away, leaving long, white brittle threads. Often crooked flower stem,
A. campanulatus. Clump-forming in spring. Z10–11 H11–7. fibers. Produces yellow-green flowers on to 6ft (2m) long, produces slender spike of
502 perennial. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 20in A. macrantha. See A. variegata var. a 8ft (2.5m) tall stem in summer. Offsets tubular, yellow flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm)
(50cm). Rounded umbels of blue flowers macrantha. freely. H11–5. long, in summer. Z8–11 H12–7.
ALBUCA
A. utahensis. Basal-rosetted, perennial cultivars, H and S 12in (30cm); medium,

succulent. H 9in (23cm) or more, S 6ft H and S 8in (20cm); dwarf, H and S 6in AICHRYSON AKEBIA
(2m). Has rigid, blue-gray leaves, each (15cm). All have oval, mid-green leaves CRASSULACEAE Chocolate vine
with spines up margins and a long, and clusters of feathery, brushlike flower LARDIZABALACEAE
Genus of annual and perennial
dark spine at tip. Flower stem, to 5ft heads throughout summer and into fall.
succulents, often shrub-like, grown for Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
(1.5m) long, bears yellow flowers in Is useful for bedding. Z10–11 H11–1.
their fleshy, spoon-shaped to rounded, woody-stemmed, twining climbers,
summer. Z11 H12–6. ‘Blue Danube’ (dwarf), illus. p.313. ‘Blue
hairy leaves. Most species are short-lived, grown for their leaves and flowers.
A. victoriae-reginae, illus. p.482. Mink’ (tall), illus. p.314. Hawaii Series
dying after flowering. Requires a Individual plants seldom produce fruits;
Very slow-growing, domed, perennial includes uniform, compact plants, with
position in full sun or partial shade and cross-pollination between 2 individuals
succulent with a basal rosette of spineless deep to pale blue or white flower heads.
very well-drained soil. Propagate is required for fruit formation. Prefers a
white-striped and -edged leaves. Has ‘Pacific’ (medium) is neat, with tight
by seed or stem cuttings in spring position in full sun and any good, well-
cream flowers on 12ft (4m) tall stem in clusters of deep violet-blue flower heads.
or summer. drained soil. Tolerates an east- or north-
spring-summer after 20-30 years. Z9–11 ‘Swing Pink’ (dwarf) has pink flower
A. x aizoides. var. domesticum facing position. Dislikes disturbance.
H12–5. ‘Compacta’, H 12in (30cm), heads.
‘Variegatum’, syn. A. x domesticum May be propagated in a number of
S 18in (45cm), has tight fitting, tapered,
‘Variegatum’ illus. p.495. ways: by seed sown in fall or spring;
deep green leaves, each with a small,
terminal spine and smooth, spineless,
AGLAONEMA A. x domesticum ‘Variegatum’. See by semiripe cuttings taken in summer;
Chinese evergreen A. x aizoides var. domesticum ‘Variegatum’. or by layering in winter.
white margins. Flower stem, to 16ft (5m)
long, bears a narrow, dense spike of ARACEAE A. lobata. See A. trifoliata.
A. x pentaphylla, illus. p.194.
funnel-shaped, purple- or red-tinged, Genus of evergreen, erect, tufted AILANTHUS A. quinata, illus. p.193.
cream flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, perennials, grown mainly for their foliage.
in summer. Tolerates shade, although the variegated
SIMAROUBACEAE A. trifoliata, syn. A. lobata, illus.
A. zebra. Basal-rosetted, perennial forms need more light, and prefers moist Genus of deciduous trees, grown for p.204.
succulent. H 4ft (1m), S 11/2–3ft (45–60cm). but well-drained soil. Water moderately their foliage and 3–5-winged fruits.
Lance-shaped, thick, rigid, rough, wavy- when in full growth, less in winter. They are very tolerant of urban pollution, ALANGIUM
margined, patterned, light gray leaves have Propagate by division or stem cuttings in drought, and poor soil, but because
ALANGIACEAE/CORNACEAE
curved, gray spines. Flower stem, 20–25ft summer. Mealy bug may be a problem. of their tendency to escape cultivation
(6–8m) long, produces narrow, panicle of A. commutatum. Evergreen, erect, tufted they are considered noxious weeds in Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees
bell-shaped, yellow flowers, 13⁄4in (4.5cm) perennial. H and S to 18in (45cm) or more. parts of the northeastern United States. and shrubs, grown for their foliage and
long, in summer. Z11. Broadly lance-shaped leaves are 12in Needs sun or semi-shade. To grow as flowers. Needs full sun and any fertile,
(30cm) long and dark green with irregular, shrubs, cut back hard in spring, after well-drained soil. Propagate by sowing
grayish-white patches along lateral veins. seed in spring or by taking softwood
AGERATINA which vigorous shoots bearing very
cuttings in summer.
Has greenish-white spathes produced in large leaves are produced. Propagate
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE summer. Z14–15 H11–1. ‘Malay Beauty’, by seed sown in fall or by suckers or
A. platanifolium. Deciduous, upright,
Genus of perennials, subshrubs and syn. A. commutatum ‘Pewter’ bears very treelike shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
root cuttings taken in winter. May be
shrubs, many of which are evergreen, dark green leaves mottled greenish-white Produces maple-like, 3-lobed, mid-green
invasive in parts of North America.
leaves. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers
grown mainly for their flowers, some and cream. Z15 H11–1. ‘Pewter’. See T Male flowers are unpleasantly
also for their architectural foliage. A. commutatum ‘Malay Beauty’. ‘Treubii’, are borne from early to mid-summer.
scented; the pollen may cause an
Requires full light or partial shade. illus. p.468. Z7–8 H8–7.
allergic reaction.
Tolerates any conditions, although most A. pictum, illus. p.475. A. altissima, syn. A. glandulosa, illus. A
species prefer moist but well-drained A. ‘Silver King’, illus. p.475. p.63. ALBIZIA
soil. Water container plants freely when A. glandulosa. See A. altissima. LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE
in full growth, moderately at other
AGONIS Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
times. Propagate by seed in spring,
shrubs and subshrubs by softwood
Willow myrtle AJUGA trees, grown for their feathery foliage
or greenwood cuttings in summer, MYRTACEAE Bugleweed and unusual flower heads, composed
perennials by division in early spring or Genus of evergreen, mainly spring- LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE of numerous stamens and resembling
fall. Red spider mite and whitefly may flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their bottlebrushes. Requires full sun and well-
Genus of annuals and perennials, some
be troublesome. foliage, flowers and graceful appearance. drained soil. May be short-lived, and its
of which are semievergreen or evergreen
A. altissima, syn. Eupatorium ageratoides, Needs full light and well-drained but seedlings may become a nusiance. A.
and excellent as groundcover. Tolerates
Eupatorium rugosum, Eupatorium moisture-retentive soil. Water container julibrissin may be grown as a summer
sun or shade and any soil, but grows more bedding plant for its foliage. Propagate by
urticifolium, illus. p.231. Erect perennial. specimens moderately, scarcely at all
vigorously in moist conditions. Propagate seed in fall. Susceptible to fungal disease
H 4ft (1.2m), S 11⁄2ft (45cm). Has nettle- in winter. Pruning is tolerated when
by division in spring. verticillum.
like, gray-green leaves. In late summer necessary. Propagate by seed in spring
A. pyramidalis (Pyramidal bugle). A. distachya. See Paraserianthes
bears dense, flat, white flower heads. or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Semievergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm), lophantha.
Z4–8 H8–2 A. flexuosa, illus. p.450.
S 18in (45cm). Forms a creeping carpet of A. julibrissin, illus. p.86.
A. ligustrina, syn. Eupatorium
oblong to spoon-shaped, deep green A. lophantha. See Paraserianthes
ligustrinum, Eupatorium micranthum,
Eupatorium weinmannianum. Evergreen,
AGROSTEMMA leaves, above which are borne spikes of lophantha.
Corn cockle whorled, 2-lipped, blue flowers in spring.
rounded shrub. H and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Has
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Metallica Crispa’ has crisp,
elliptic to lance-shaped, bright green leaves
curled leaves, with a metallic-bronze lustre, ALBUCA
and, in fall, fragrant, groundsel-like, white Genus of summer-flowering annuals. Grow
or pink flowers produced in flattened in sun; flowers best in very well-drained and dark blue flowers. HYACINTHACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
clusters, 4–8in (10–20cm) across. Z13–15 soil that is not very fertile. Support with A. reptans ‘Atropurpurea’. Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
H11–1. sticks and deadhead to prolong flowering. Evergreen, groundcover perennial, bulbs. Needs an open, sunny position
Propagate by seed sown in situ in spring spreading freely by runners. H 6in (15cm), and well-drained soil. Dies down in
S 36in (90cm). Has small rosettes of ovate spring or late summer after flowering.
AGERATUM or early fall. A. githago escapes cultivation
to oblong-spoon-shaped, toothed or Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets
readily and is considered invasive in parts
Floss flower
of North America. T Seeds may cause slightly lobed, glossy, deep bronze-purple when dormant.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE severe discomfort if ingested. leaves. Short spikes of 2-lipped, blue A. canadensis, syn. A. major, A. minor.
Genus of annuals and biennials. Grow A. coeli-rosa. See Silene coeli-rosa. flowers are borne in spring. Z3–9 H9–1. Spring-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm),
in sun and in fertile, well-drained soil, A. githago. Fast-growing, erect annual ‘Jungle Beauty’, H 15in (38cm), S 24in S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has 3–6 narrowly lance-
which should not be allowed to dry out with thin stems. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft (60cm), is semievergreen and has large, shaped, erect, basal leaves. Produces a
otherwise growth and flowering will (30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green dark green leaves, sometimes suffused loose spike of tubular, yellow flowers,
be poor. Dead-head regularly to ensure leaves and, in summer, produces 5-petaled, purple. ‘Multicolor’, syn. A. reptans 5
/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) long, with a green
continuous flowering. Propagate by seed open trumpet-shaped, pink flowers, 3in ‘Rainbow’, H 5in (12cm), S 18in (45cm), stripe on each petal. Z11 H11–7.
sown outdoors in late spring. (8cm) wide. Seeds are tiny, rounded, dark has dark green leaves, marked with cream A. humilis, illus. p.422.
A. houstonianum. Moderately fast- brown and poisonous. H9–1. ‘Milas’, and pink. ‘Rainbow’. See A. reptans A. major. See A. canadensis. 503
growing, hummock-forming annual. Tall illus. p.304. ‘Multicolor’. A. minor. See A. canadensis.
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ALCEA
in mud or up to 10in (25cm) depth of flowering bulb. H 12–24in (30–60cm), shaped, blue flowers, 1/4–1/2in (0.5–1cm)
ALCEA water. Tidy up fading foliage in fall and S 3–4in (8–10cm). Linear, semierect leaves long, are borne in a small, pendent umbel.
Hollyhock remove dying flower spikes before sheathe lower two-thirds of stem. Has Z6–10 H10–6.
MALVACEAE ripening seeds are dispersed. Propagate an umbel of pendent, cup-shaped, purple A. sphaerocephalon (Drumstick allium,
by division in spring or by seed in late flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. Round-headed garlic). Clump-forming,
Genus of biennials and short-lived
summer. T Contact with sap may irritate A. cernuum, illus. p.409. summer-flowering bulb. H to 24in (60cm),
perennials, grown for their tall spikes of
skin; all parts may cause mild stomach A. cowanii. See A. neapolitanum. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has linear, semierect
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
upset if ingested. A. cristophii, syn. A. albopilosum, leaves on basal third of slender, wiry
soil. Propagate by seed in late summer or
A. natans. See Luronium natans. illus. p.411. stems and a very dense umbel, 3/4–11/2in
spring. Rust may be a problem.
A. plantago-aquatica, illus. p.434. A. cyaneum. Tuft-forming, summer- (2–4cm) across, of up to 40 small, bell-
A. rosea, syn. Althaea rosea (Hollyhock).
A. ranunculoides. See Baldellia flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 2–3in shaped, pinkish-purple flowers. Z4–11
Erect biennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S to 2ft
ranunculoides. (5–8cm). Leaves are threadlike and erect. H11–1.
(60cm). Has rounded, lobed, rough-
Stems each bear a small, dense umbel of A. stipitatum. Summer-flowering bulb.
textured leaves. Spikes of single flowers,
5 or more pendent, cup-shaped, blue or H 3–4ft (1–1.5m), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Sturdy
in a range of colors including pink, yellow ALLAMANDA
violet-blue flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) long. stems with straplike, semierect, basal
and cream, are borne in summer and APOCYNACEAE Z5–9 H9–5. leaves carry 50 or more star-shaped,
early fall. Z3–9 H10–3. Chater’s Double
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, A. cyathophorum var. farreri, illus. purplish-pink flowers in a spherical umbel,
Group, H 6–8ft (1.8–2.4m), bears double
scrambling climbers, grown for their p.423. 3–5in (8–12cm) across. Z4–9 H9–1.
flowers in several different colors in
trumpet-shaped flowers. Prefers partial A. flavum, illus. p.412. A. unifolium, syn. A. murrayanum of
summer and early fall. ‘Majorette’,
shade in summer and rich, well-drained, A. giganteum, illus. p.392. gardens, illus. p.402.
H 24in (60cm), S to 12in (30cm), produces
double flowers, in several different neutral to acid soil. Water regularly, less A. ‘Gladiator’, illus. p.392.
A. ‘Globemaster’, illus. p.392.
colors, in summer and early fall. when not in full growth. Stems must be
ALNUS
‘Summer Carnival’ (annual or biennial), tied to supports. Prune previous season’s A. hollandicum, syn. A. aflatunense
Alder
H 6–8ft (1.8–2.4m), S to 2ft (60cm), has growth back to 1 or 2 nodes in spring. of gardens. Tuft-forming, summer-
Propagate by softwood cuttings in spring flowering bulb. H 3ft (1m), S 4in (10cm). BETULACEAE
double flowers in mixed colors.
or summer. Whitefly and red spider mite Has mid-green, basal leaves dying away Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
may be troublesome. T Contact with sap by flowering time. Carries numerous star- grown mainly for their ability to thrive in
ALCHEMILLA may irritate skin; all parts may cause mild shaped, purplish-pink flowers in a dense, wet situations. Flowers are borne in catkins
Lady’s mantle stomach upset if ingested. spherical umbel, 4in (10cm) across. Z4–11 in late winter or early spring, the males
ROSACEAE A. cathartica (Golden trumpet). H11–1. conspicuous and attractive, the females
Genus of perennials that produce sprays ‘Hendersonii’ illus. p.464. A. kansuense. See A. sikkimense. forming persistent, woody, cone-like fruits.
of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers, with A. karataviense, illus. p.416. Most do best in sun and any moist or even
A. macranthum. Tuft-forming, summer- waterlogged soil, but A. cordata will also
conspicuous outer calyces, in summer. ALLIUM flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4–5in grow well on poor, dry soils. Propagate
Some are good for groundcover. Grow Ornamemtal onion
in sun or partial shade, in all but boggy (10–12cm). Has linear leaves on lower part species by seed sown in fall, cultivars by
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE of flower stem, which bears a loose umbel budding in late summer or by hardwood
soils. Propagate by seed or division in
springor fall. Genus of perennials, some of which are of up to 20 bell-shaped, deep purple cuttings taken in early winter.
A. alpina (Alpine lady’s mantle). Mound- edible, with bulbs, rhizomes or fibrous flowers, each 1/2in (1cm) long, on slender A. cordata (Italian alder). Fast-growing,
forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 24in rootstocks. Nearly all have narrow, stalks. Z4–10 H10–4. deciduous, conical tree. H 60ft (18m), S 30ft
A (60cm) or more. Rounded, lobed, pale basal leaves smelling of onions when A. mairei. Clump-forming, late summer- (9m). Yellow, male catkins are borne in late
green leaves are covered in silky hairs. crushed, and most have small flowers to fall-flowering bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm), winter and early spring, followed by heart-
Bears upright spikes of tiny, greenish- packed together in a dense, spherical S 4–5in (10–12cm). Leaves are erect, shaped, glossy, deep green leaves. Has
yellow flowers, with conspicuous, green, or shuttlecock-shaped umbel. Dried threadlike and basal. Wiry stems each bear persistent, round, woody fruits in fall. Z5–7
outer calyces, in summer. Is suitable for umbels of tall border species are good a small, shuttlecock-shaped umbel of up H7–5.
groundcover and a dry bank. Z3–7 H8–1. for winter decoration. Requires an open, to 20 upright, bell-shaped, pink flowers, A. glutinosa (Black alder, Common alder).
1
A. conjuncta, illus. p.275. sunny situation and well-drained soil; is /2in (1cm) long. Z4–10 H10–4. ‘Aurea’ is a slow-growing, deciduous,
A. mollis, illus. p.275. best left undisturbed to form clumps. A. moly, illus. p.424. conical tree. H to 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m).
Plant in fall. Propagate by seed in fall or A. ‘Mount Everest’, illus. p.385. Has rounded leaves, bright yellow until
by division of clumps—spring-flowering A. murrayanum. See A. acuminatum. mid-summer, later becoming pale green.
x ALICEARA varieties in late summer and summer- A. murrayanum of gardens. See Produces yellow-brown catkins in early
ORCHIDACEAE flowering ones in spring. T Contact with A. unifolium. spring. Is useful grown in a boggy area.
See also ORCHIDS. the bulbs may irritate skin or aggravate A. narcissiflorum, syn. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Imperialis’ illus. p.75.
x A. Dark Warrior gx (Dark Warrior). skin allergies. A. pedemontanum, illus. p.422. A. incana, illus. p.61. ‘Aurea’ is a
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool A. acuminatum, syn. A. murrayanum, A. neapolitanum, syn. A. cowanii, illus. deciduous, conical tree. H 70ft (20m),
greenhouse. H 10in (25cm). Produces illus. p.416. p.399. Cowanii Group, illus. p.409. S 25ft (8m). Has reddish-yellow or orange
sprays of wispy, mauve-brown, cream- A. aflatunense, illus. p.382. A. oreophilum, syn. A. ostrowskianum, shoots in winter and broadly oval, yellow
yellow or green flowers, 11/2in (4cm) A. aflatunense of gardens. See A. illus. p.418. leaves. Reddish-yellow or orange catkins
across; flowering season varies. Leaves, hollandicum. A. ostrowskianum. See A. oreophilum. are borne in late winter and early spring.
4in (10cm) long, are narrowly oval. Grow A. akaka, illus. p.416. A. pedemontanum. See A. narcissiflorum. Is useful for cold, wet areas and poor
in partial shade in summer. Z15 H11–6. A. albopilosum. See A. cristophii. A. pulchellum. See A. carinatum subsp. soils. Z2–6 H6–1. ‘Ramulis Coccineis’
x A. Eurostar gx, syn. x Beallara Eurostar A. atropurpureum, illus. p.392. pulchellum. has red winter shoots and buds, and
gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool A. azureum. See A. caeruleum. A. ‘Purple Sensation’, illus. p.392. orange catkins.
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In A. beesianum. Clump-forming, late A. rosenbachianum. Tuft-forming,
summer-flowering bulb. H 8–12in summer-flowering bulb. H 3ft (1m), S 4in
spring bears star-shaped, maroon sepals and ALOCASIA
petals, each with white or cream tips and a (20–30cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Has linear, (10cm). Has ridged stems and straplike,
Elephant’s ear
large, spade-shaped, weakly 3-lobed lip, gray-green leaves and, in late summer, gray-green, basal leaves. Produces 50 or
which is white in lower half and pink, pendent heads of bell-shaped, blue flowers. more star-shaped, deep purple flowers in ARACEAE
maroon or speckled in upper half. Large, Z6–10 H10–6. a spherical umbel, 4in (10cm) across. Z6–9 Genus of evergreen perennials with
elliptic, compressed pseudobulb produces A. caeruleum, syn. A. azureum, illus. H9–1. underground rhizomes, grown for their
1–3 strap-shaped leaves. Needs shade in p.411. A. schoenoprasum, illus. p.422. attractive foliage. Produces tiny flowers
summer. Z15 H11–6. A. campanulatum. Clump-forming, A. schubertii, illus. p.409. on a spadix enclosed in a leaflike spathe.
summer-flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm), A. senescens var. calcareum. See Needs high humidity, partial shade and
S 2–4in (5–10cm). Linear, semierect, basal A. senescens subsp. montanum. subsp. well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, stem
ALISMA leaves die away before flowering time. montanum, syn. A. senescens var. cuttings or division of rhizomes in spring.
Water plantain
Bears a domed umbel, 1–3in (2.5–7cm) calcareum, illus. p.409. T Contact with sap may irritate skin;
ALISMATACEAE wide, of up to 30 small, star-shaped, pale A. sikkimense, syn. A. kansuense. Tuft- all parts may cause mild stomach upset
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal pink or white flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. forming, summer-flowering bulb. H 4–10in if ingested.
504 water plants, grown for their foliage and A. carinatum subsp. pulchellum, syn. (10–25cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Leaves are A. cuprea, illus. p.472.
flowers. Requires an open, sunny position A. pulchellum. Clump-forming, summer- linear, erect and basal. Up to 15 bell- A. longiloba, syn. A. lowii var. picta,
ALPINIA
A. lowii var. veitchii, A. veitchii. Evergreen, S 6in (15cm). Triangular, dull green leaves A. plicatilis. Perennial succulent with
tufted perennial. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 30in have white-toothed margins and many leaves in opposite pairs up the stem. ALONSOA
(75cm). Narrow leaves, triangular with raised, white spots. In summer, H and S to 24in (60cm). Has strap-shaped, Mask flower
arrow-shaped bases, are 18in (45cm) long unbranched flower stems, 6in (15cm) long, smooth, dull to glaucous green leaves with SCROPHULARIACEAE
and green with grayish midribs, veins and produce urn-shaped, red-orange flowers, margins almost without teeth. In summer,
Genus of perennials, grown as annuals.
margins, purple below. Produces greenish 1
/4in (7mm) long. Z13–15 H11–10. unbranched flower stems, to 20in (50cm)
May be used for cut flowers. Grow in sun
spathes. Z14–15 H12–10. A. erinacea. See A. melanacantha var. long, produce cylindrical spikes of bell-
and in rich, well-drained soil. Flowering
A. lowii var. picta. See A. longiloba. erinacea. shaped, scarlet flowers, 2in (5cm) long.
may be poor outdoors in a wet summer.
var. veitchii. See A. longiloba. A. ferox (Cape aloe), illus. p.493. Z11 H12–9. Young plants should have growing shoots
A. macrorrhiza (Giant elephant’s ear, Evergreen, succulent tree. H to 10ft (3m), A. punctata. See A. variegata. pinched out to encourage bushy growth.
Taro). Evergreen, tufted perennial with S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Has a woody stem A. rauhii. Basal-rosetted, perennial Propagate by seed sown outdoors in late
a thick, trunklike stem. H to 10ft (3m) or crowned by a dense rosette of sword- succulent eventually forming dense spring. Aphids may be troublesome,
more, S 6ft (2m). Broadly arrow-shaped, shaped, blue-green leaves that have spined clumps. H to 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). particularly when grown in greenhouses.
glossy, green leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, margins. Produces an erect spike of bell- Unbranched flower stems, to 10in A. warscewiczii, illus. p.308.
are borne on stalks 3ft (1m) long. Has shaped, orange-scarlet flowers in spring. 25cm) long, of tubular, scarlet flowers,
yellowish-green spathes to 8in (20cm) Z10–11 H11–10. 1in (2.5cm) long, pale red to greenish
high. Z11 H11–8. A. haworthioides. Stemless, perennial towards mouths, are borne throughout ALOPECURUS
A. veitchii. See A. longiloba. succulent suckering to form clumps. H 8in the year. Lance-shaped, grayish or bright Foxtail grass
(20cm), S 4in (10cm). Has dense rosettes green leaves have many elongated, GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
ALOE of lance-shaped, dark green leaves, with white spots and small, white teeth at the See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
many raised, white bristles and margins margins. In some forms, the leaves have
LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE and SEDGES.
with small, white teeth set close together. raised dots or are almost white with A. pratensis ‘Aureomarginatus’. See
Genus of evergreen, rosetted trees, shrubs, Unbranched flower stems, 8–12in green dots. Z11 H11–10. A. pratensis ‘Aureovariegatus’.
perennials and scandent climbers with (15–30cm) long, bear bell-shaped, white A. somaliensis. Basal-rosetted, ‘Aureovariegatus’, syn. A. pratensis
succulent foliage and tubular to bell-shaped to pale pink flowers, 3in (8cm) long, in perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), ‘Aureomarginatus’, illus. p.289.
flowers. Tree aloes and shrubs with a summer. Z13–15 H11–10. S 10in (25cm). Lance-shaped, glossy
spread more than 1ft (30cm) prefer full sun; A. hemmingii, illus. p.493. Basal- olive-green leaves, with dull, white
most smaller species prefer partial shade. rosetted, perennial succulent. H 6in streaks, have short, sharp teeth at the
ALOYSIA
Needs very well-drained soil. Propagate (15cm), S 10in (25cm). Ovate to lance- margins. Branched flower stems, VERBENACEAE
by seed, stem cuttings or offsets in spring shaped, olive-green leaves, with dull, 12–24in (30–60cm) long, with tubular, Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
or summer. white streaks, have short, sharp teeth summer-flowering shrubs, grown for
minutely spotted, flamingo-pink to pale
A. arborescens (Candelabra plant). at the margins. Produces unbranched their aromatic foliage and sprays of tiny
rose flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, are borne
Evergreen, bushy, succulent-leaved flower stems, 12in (30cm) long, with flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
in summer. Z11 H12–9.
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stems are tubular, minutely spotted, flamingo-pink soil. Cut out any dead wood in early
A. squarrosa, syn. A. concinna. Prostrate,
crowned by rosettes of widely spreading, to pale rose flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, summer. Propagate by softwood cuttings
perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 8in
long, slender, curved, dull blue-green in summer. Z11 H12–9. in summer.
(20cm). Has lance-shaped, strongly
leaves with toothed margins. Long flower A. humilis. Rosetted, perennial A. triphylla, syn. Lippia citriodora,
recurved, toothed, white-speckled, mid-
stems produce masses of tubular to succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). illus. p.132.
green leaves borne along short stems.
bell-shaped, red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) Has a dense, basal rosette of narrowly
long, in late winter and spring. Z11 sword-shaped, spine-edged, fleshy, blue-
Unbranched, pendulous flower stems,
A
H11–10. ‘Variegata’ (illus. p.493) has green leaves, often erect, with incurving
4–10in (10–25cm) long, of tubular, red ALPINIA
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, are produced in Ginger lily
numerous spikes of red flowers in late tips. Flower stems, 12in (30cm) long,
summer. Z11 H12–9.
winter and spring. each bear a spike of narrowly bell- ZINGIBERACEAE
A. striata (Coral aloe), illus. p.493. Basal-
A. aristata (Lace aloe, Torch plant), illus. shaped, orange flowers, 11/2–13/4in Genus of mainly evergreen perennials
rosetted, perennial succulent. H and
p.493. Clump-forming, perennial succulent. (3.5–4.5cm) long, in spring. Offsets with fleshy rhizomes, grown for their
S 3ft (1m). Has broad, blue-green leaves,
H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a basal freely. Z10–11 H12–10. flowers. Needs well-drained soil with
with white margins and marks, that
rosette of pointed, dark green leaves A. mcloughlinii. Solitary or sometimes plenty of humus, partial shade and a
become suffused red in full sun.
with white spots and soft-toothed edges. clump-forming, perennial succulent. moist atmosphere. Is not easy to grow
Produces reddish-orange flowers in
Produces orange flowers in spring. Offsets H 20in (50cm), S to 39in (100cm). Has successfully in containers. Propagate
spring. Makes a good house plant.
freely. H11–10. dense rosettes of lance-shaped, smooth, by division in late spring or early
Z10–11 H11–10.
A. barbadensis. See A. vera. glossy, dark green leaves with many summer. Red spider mite may be a
A. brevifolia. Basal-rosetted, perennial small, pale green spots and margins A. variegata, syn. A. punctata (Partridge-
problem.
succulent, producing many offsets. H 6in bearing firm, reddish-brown teeth. In breasted aloe), illus. p.493. Humped,
A. calcarata (Indian ginger). Evergreen,
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly sword- summer produces branched flower perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 4in
upright, clump-forming perennial. H and
shaped, fleshy, blue-green leaves with a spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) long, of tubular, (10cm). Has triangular, white-marked, dark
S to 3ft (1m). Has stalkless, aromatic, lance-
few teeth along edges. In spring, flower strawberry-red to pink flowers, 1in green leaves with pronounced keels
shaped leaves, to 1ft (30cm) long. At any
stems, 20in (50cm) long, bear narrowly (2.5cm) long. Z11 H12–9. beneath. Bears a spike of pinkish-red
time of year may bear horizontal spikes
bell-shaped, bright red flowers, 11/4–11/2in A. melanacantha var. erinacea, syn. flowers in spring. Makes a good house
of whitish flowers, with yellow lips,
(3–4cm) long. Z10–11 H11–3. A. erinacea. Slow-growing, clump-forming, plant. Z10–11 H11–10.
1in (2.5cm) long, marked reddish-purple.
A. broomii. Basal-rosetted, perennial perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in A. vera, syn. A. barbadensis, illus. p.492.
Z14–15 H11–10.
succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). (30cm). Compact rosettes of triangular to A. zebrina. Basal-rosetted, perennial
A. hainanensis, illus. p.477. Evergreen,
Ovate to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves lance-shaped, dull-green leaves have sharp, succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm).
clump-forming perennial. H and S 36–48in
have minutely-toothed, red-brown black spines at the margins and a black Lance-shaped, dull green leaves, with white (90–120cm). Has short stalked, lance-
margins and sharp, terminal spines. In spine at each tip. Unbranched flower chevrons, have sharp, brown teeth at the shaped, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves, to
summer unbranched flower stems, to stems, to 3ft (1m) long, produce dense, margins. Branched flower stems, 3ft (1m) 16in (40cm) long. In spring-summer, honey-
3ft (1m) long, bear dense spikes of cylindrical clusters of bell-shaped, scarlet long, of tubular, coral-red to dull red scented, white flowers, with red-lined lips,
tubular, pale lemon flowers, 3/4in (2cm) flowers, 1in (3cm) long, fading to yellow, flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long, are produced in 1in (4.5cm) long, are borne on old stems.
long. Z10–11 H12–8. in summer. Z10–11 H11–8. summer Z10–11 H11–10. Z13–15 H12–1.
A. ciliaris, illus. p.493. Climbing, A. microstigma. Basal-rosetted, A. nutans. See A. zerumbet.
perennial succulent. H 15ft (5m), S 1ft perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), ALOINOPSIS A. purpurata (Cone ginger), illus.
(30cm). Has a slender stem crowned by S 10–24in (25–60cm). Lance-shaped to p.477. Vigorous, evergreen, upright
triangular, red-tinged, mid-green leaves, AIZOACEAE
a rosette of narrow, green leaves and perennial. H 10ft (to 3m), S 3ft (1m).
white teeth where leaf base joins stem. often white spotted, especially beneath, Genus of dwarf, tuberous, perennial In summer produces cone-like spires,
Bears bell-shaped, scarlet flowers, with have reddish-brown margins with small, succulents with daisylike flowers from late 14in (35cm) long, of many small, white
yellow and green mouths, in spring. reddish-brown teeth. Unbranched flower summer to early spring. Requires a sunny flowers, to 1in (2.5cm) long, in the axils
Z10–11 H12–10. stems, 24in (60cm) long, bear conical site and very well-drained soil. Is very of persistent, red or pink bracts. Has
A. concinna. See A. squarrosa. racemes of bell-shaped, orange flowers, susceptible to overwatering. Propagate stalked, oblong, hairless, mid-green
A. descoingsii. Clump-forming, basal- 10in (25cm) long, fading to greenish-yellow, by seed in summer. leaves, to 36in (90cm) long. Is good for 505
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), in summer. Z10–11 H12–8. A. schooneesii, illus. p.488. cut flowers. Z11 H11–10.
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ALSTROEMERIA
A. speciosa. See A. zerumbet. A. ‘Koice’. See A. INCA ICE. (60cm–1m). Each leafy stem produces
A. zerumbet, syn. A. nutans, A. speciosa A. ‘Kotrop’. See A. INCA TROPIC. narrowly lance-shaped, twisted leaves and AMARANTHUS
(Shell flower, Shell ginger), illus. p.477. A. Ligtu Hybrids, illus. p.413. widely funnel-shaped, deep yellow flowers AMARANTHACEAE
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. A. ‘Little Miss Tara’. Mid-summer to flushed purple with reddish-purple spots.
Genus of annuals, grown for their dense
H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has racemes of fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H and Z8–11 H11–7.
panicles of tiny flowers or their colorful
white flowers, with yellow lips and pink- S 6in (15cm). Produces relatively large, A. ‘Zapriari’. See A. PRINCESS ARIANE.
foliage. Grow in a sunny position in rich
or red-marked throats, mainly in summer. reddish-pink flowers with brown markings A. ‘Zaprijul’. See A. PRINCESS JULIETA.
or fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
H11–10. and yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7.
from seed sown outdoors in late spring.
A. MARGARET (‘Stacova’). Mid- to late ALTERNANTHERA
Alsobia dianthiflora. See Episcia Aphids may be a problem.
summer-flowering tuberous perennial.
dianthiflora. AMARANTHACEAE A. caudatus, illus. p.307.
H 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Produces
Alsophila. See Cyathea. A. hypochondriacus, illus. p.308.
widely flared, funnel-shaped, deep red Genus of bushy perennials, grown for
Alsophila australis. See Cyathea A. tricolor (Chinese spinach, Tampala).
flowers. Z8–11 H12–7. their attractive, colored foliage. Is useful
australis. ‘Joseph’s Coat’ Bushy annual. H to 3ft
A. ‘Moulin Rouge’, illus. p.387. Mid- for carpeting or bedding. Needs sun or
(1m), S 11/2ft (45cm) or more. Has oval,
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous partial shade and moist but well-drained
scarlet, green and yellow leaves, to
ALSTROEMERIA perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Produces soil. Propagate by tip cuttings or division
8in (20cm) long, and produces small
Peruvian lily soft red flowers with dark brown-speckled, in spring.
panicles of tiny, red flowers in summer.
yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. A. amoena. See A. ficoidea var. amoena.
ALSTROEMERIACEAE H11–1. ‘Molten Fire’ has crimson, bronze
A. ‘Parigo Charm’. Summer-flowering, A. dentata ‘Purple Knight’, illus. p.311.
Genus of mostly summer- to fall-flowering, and purple leaves.
tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 24in A. ficoidea (Parrot leaf). var. amoena,
tuberous perennials with showy, funnel- syn. A. amoena is a mat-forming perennial.
(60cm). Produces salmon-pink flowers with
shaped, multicolored flowers. Flowers are
primrose-yellow inner tepals, marked H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Has narrowly oval, x AMARCRINUM
good for cutting as they last well. Produces green leaves, marked red, yellow and
erect stems with alternate or scattered,
carmine-red. Z8–10 H11–7. AMARYLLIDACEAE
A. pelegrina. Summer-flowering, orange, with wavy margins. Z11 H11–1.
linear to lance-shaped, mid- to gray-green Hybrid genus (Amaryllis x Crinum) of one
tuberous perennial. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), ‘Versicolor’, syn. A. versicolor is an erect
leaves, usually 3–5in (7–12cm) long, held robust, evergreen bulb, grown for its large,
S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Each leafy stem has 1–3 form, H and S to 12in (30cm), with rounded
on twisted leaf stalks. Where marginally funnel-shaped flowers. Needs a sunny
white flowers, stained pinkish-mauve and to spoon-shaped leaves shaded brown, red
hardy, protect by covering dormant tubers position and well-drained soil. Plant with
spotted yellow and brownish-purple. Z8–10 and yellow.
with a loose, dry mulch. Needs sun and neck just covered by soil. Propagate by
H10–8. A. versicolor. See A. ficoidea ‘Versicolor’.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or division in spring.
A. ‘Polka’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to
division in early spring. T Contact with Althaea rosea. See Alcea rosea. x A. memoria-corsii, syn. x Crinodonna
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft corsii, illus. p.395. Evergreen, clump-
foliage may aggravate skin allergies.
(75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright forming bulb. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has
A. ‘Apollo’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer
magenta-blushed, pale pink flowers with ALYSSOIDES wide, semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial.
dark brown-speckled, yellow throats. Z7–10 CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE stems bear fragrant, rose-pink flowers
H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Bears large,
H10–7. in loose heads in late summer and fall.
open, white flowers with brown markings Genus of one species of short-lived,
A. PRINCESS ARIANE (‘Zapriari’), illus.
and yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. evergreen subshrub, grown for its flowers
p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering,
A. aurantica. See A. aurea.
tuberous perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in
and swollen fruits. Is particularly suitable x AMARYGIA
A. aurea, syn. A. aurantica. Summer- for dry banks and rock gardens. Needs
flowering, tuberous perennial. H to 3ft (1m), (15cm). Produces yellow flowers with sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by AMARYLLIDACEAE
A S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Produces orange purple-marked petal tips and dark brown seed sown in fall. Hybrid genus (Amaryllis x Brunsvigia)
flowers, tipped with green and streaked speckled throats. Z7–10 H10–7. A. utriculata. Evergreen, rounded of sturdy, fall-flowering bulbs, which are
dark red. Z7–10 H10–7. ‘Orange King’ A. PRINCESS JULIETA (‘Zaprijul’), illus. subshrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, cultivated for their large, showy flowers.
(illus. p.387) has bright orange flowers, p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering, glossy, dark green leaves. Loose sprays of Needs full sun and, preferably, the shelter
with brown-speckled throats, from mid- tuberous perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). small, bright yellow flowers, in spring, are of a wall. Plant bulbs just beneath the
summer to fall. Produces pale purple flowers with darker followed by balloon-like, buff seed pods. surface of well-drained soil. Propagate
A. ‘Blushing Bride’, illus. p.387. Mid- purple markings and white throats. Z6–9 H9–6. by division in spring.
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous Z7–10 H10–7. x A. parkeri, syn. x Brunsdonna parkeri,
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). Produces A. PRINCESS PAOLA (‘Stapripal’). Mid- illus. p.395. Early fall-flowering bulb. H to
cream flowers with brown-speckled, pink summer to fall-flowering, tuberous ALYSSUM 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60–100cm). Sturdy stem
and pale yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 8in (20cm). CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE bears a large head of funnel-shaped, deep
A. ‘Charm’. Mid-summer-flowering, Produces pale pink flowers with dark pink Genus of perennials, some of which are rose flowers with yellow and white throats.
tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 2ft markings and dark brown-speckled, yellow evergreen, and annuals, grown for their Produces strap-shaped, semierect, basal
(60cm). Produces pale peach flowers with throats. Z7–10 H10–7. flowers. Requires a sunny site and well- leaves after flowering.
brown speckles and primrose-yellow A. psittacina, syn. A. pulchella (Parrot drained soil. Cut back lightly after
lily), illus. p.387. Summer-flowering,
throats. Z7–10 H10–7.
tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft
flowering. Propagate either by softwood AMARYLLIS
A. ‘Elvira’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to cuttings taken in late spring or by seed
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft (45cm). Mauve-spotted stems bear open sown in fall. AMARYLLIDACEAE
(75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces cream umbels of red-marked, green flowers. A. maritimum. See Lobularia maritima. Genus of fall-flowering bulbs, grown for
flowers with bold, pink flecks on outer Z8–10 H11–8. A. montanum. Evergreen, prostrate their funnel-shaped flowers. Requires a
edges of petals and at the throats. Z7–10 A. pulchella. See A. psittacina. perennial. H and S 6in (15cm). Leaves are sheltered, sunny situation and well-drained
H10–7. A. ‘Red Beauty’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer small, oval, hairy and gray. Flower stems, soil. Plant bulbs in at least 3in (8cm) of soil.
A. ‘Friendship’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft 6in (15cm) long, each bear an open, Propagate by division in late spring, as
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces bright scarlet spherical raceme of small, highly fragrant, leaves die down, or in late summer, before
(1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces pale lime- flowers with dark brownish-black- soft yellow flowers in summer. Is a good growth recommences.
yellow flowers with brown-red speckled, speckled, yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. plant for a rock garden. Z4–9 H9–1. A. belladonna, illus. p.395. ‘Hathor’,
yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. A. ‘Serenade’, illus. p.387. Mid-summer to A. saxatile. See Aurinia saxatilis. illus. p.395.
A. hookeri, illus. p.361. fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 21/2ft A. spinosum, syn. Ptilotrichum spinosum.
A. INCA ICE (‘Koice’), illus. p.387. Late (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces pale pink
flowers with deep magenta markings and
Semievergreen, rounded, compact shrub. AMBERBOA
spring to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more, S 12in (30cm).
Sweet sultan
H and S to 3ft (1m). Produces cream and black-speckled, yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. Intricate branches bear spines and
pale yellow flowers with pink throats and A. ‘Stacova’. See A. MARGARET. narrowly oval to linear, silver leaves. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
purple-brown speckling on the upper and A. ‘Stapripal’. See A. PRINCESS PAOLA. Spherical heads of tiny, 4-petaled, white Genus of erect annuals or biennials, grown
lower petals. Z7–10 H10–7. A. ‘Tara’, illus. p.387. Late spring to fall- to purple-pink flowers are borne in early for their cornflower-like flower heads,
A. INCA TROPIC (‘Kotrop’), illus. p.387. flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4–12in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. which are borne from spring to fall. Needs
Mid-summer to fall-flowering, tuberous (10–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces dark A. wulfenianum. Prostrate perennial. full sun and moderately fertile, well-drained
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Produces brownish-black-speckled, red flowers with H 3/4in (2cm), S 8in (20cm). Loose heads of soil. Deadhead to prolong flowering.
orange flowers with yellow throats flecked yellow throats. Z7–10 H10–7. small, bright yellow flowers are produced Propagate by seed in spring or fall.
506 with brown markings. Young leaves are A. ‘Walter Fleming’. Summer-flowering, in summer above small, oval, gray leaves. A. moschata, syn. Centaurea moschata
brown tinged. Z7–10 H10–7. tuberous perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft Z6–9 H9–6. (Sweet sultan). Fast-growing, upright,
ANCHUSA
slender-stemmed annual. H 18in (45cm), by division in spring, by softwood usually in summer. These are followed by
S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish- AMORPHOPHALLUS cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. brownish-orange-red fruits that are 6in
green leaves and large, fragrant flower Devil’s tongue, Snake palm T Contact with the milky sap may (15cm) or more long. Z15 H11–1. ‘Striata’.
heads, in a range of colors, in summer and ARACEAE irritate skin. See A. bracteatus var. tricolor. ‘Tricolor’.
early fall. H11–1. A. orientalis, syn. Rhazya orientalis, illus. See A. bracteatus var. tricolor.
Genus of tuberous perennials, cultivated
p.271. A. comosus ‘Variegatus’. Evergreen,
for their huge and dramatic, but foul-
A. tabernaemontana (Willow bluestar). basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 24in
AMELANCHIER smelling, spathes, which surround tiny
Clump-forming perennial. H 18–24in (60cm) or more. Very narrowly strap-
Juneberry, Serviceberry, Shadbush flowers on sturdy spadices. Requires
(45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are small shaped, channeled, rigid, gray-green
partial shade and rich soil kept
ROSACEAE and narrow. Willowy stems bear drooping leaves are suffused pink, have cream
continuously moist during the growing
Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering trees clusters of small, tubular, pale blue flowers margins, are gray-scaled beneath and
season. Keep tubers dry in winter.
and shrubs, grown primarily for their in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. sometimes have spiny edges. Produces
Propagate by seed sown in spring or
profuse flowers and their foliage, which tubular, purple-blue flowers with
by offsets in spring or summer.
inconspicuous, green bracts; fruits
is frequently brightly colored in fall, and A. konjac, syn. A. rivieri (Devil’s tongue, ANACAMPTIS are the edible pineapples grown
their edible fruit. Requires sun or semi- Snake palm, Umbrella arum). Summer-
ORCHIDACEAE commercially, but are much smaller
shade and well-drained but not too dry, flowering, tuberous perennial. H to 16in
preferably neutral to acid soil. Propagate See also ORCHIDS. on pot-grown plants. Z11 H11–1.
(40cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Produces a
in fall by seed, in late fall to early spring flattish, wavy-edged, dark reddish-brown A. morio, syn. Orchis morio (Gandergoose,
by layering or, in the case of suckering spathe, to 16in (40cm) long, from which Green-veined orchid), illus. p.466. ANAPHALIOIDES
species, by division. Fireblight may protrudes an erect, dark brown spadix. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 16in (40cm).
Pearly everlasting
sometimes be troublesome. Brownish-green-mottled, pale green stem, Reddish-purple, mauve or rarely white
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, with green veins ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
A. alnifolia (Alder-leaved serviceberry, 3ft (1m) long, bears one large, deeply lobed
leaf after flowering. Z13–15 H11–10. on the cupped sepals, open along stems in Genus of summer flowering perennials
Saskatoon). Deciduous, upright,
A. rivieri. See A. konjac. spring. Has a basal cluster of lance-shaped and dwarf shrubs grown for silver foliage
suckering shrub. H 12ft (4m) or more,
or broadly oblong, pale to mid-green leaves, and “everlasting” flower heads. Requires
S 10ft (3m) or more. Leaves are oval to
4–6in (10–16cm) long. Requires sun or full sun and very well-drained soil.
rounded and dark green. Erect spikes AMPELODESMOS partial shade. Z12–15 H12–6. Propagate by heel or semiripe cuttings
of star-shaped, creamy-white flowers
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE in summer.
are borne in late spring, followed by Anacharis densa. See Egeria densa.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES A. bellidioides, syn. Helichrysum
small, edible, juicy, rounded, purple-black
AND SEDGES. bellidioides. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
fruits. Z4–9 H8–3.
A. arborea (Downy serviceberry). A. mauritanica, illus. p.287. ANACYCLUS H 2in (5cm), S 9in (23cm). Has small,
rounded, fleshy, dark green leaves and,
Deciduous, spreading, sometimes shrubby, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in early summer, terminal clusters of
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Clusters of AMPELOPSIS Genus of summer-flowering, prostrate daisylike, white flower heads.
star-shaped, white flowers appear in mid- perennials with stems radiating from a
VITACEAE
spring as oval, white-haired, young leaves central rootstock. Needs full sun and
unfold. Foliage matures to dark green, Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
ANAPHALIS
turning to red or yellow in fall. Rounded tendril climbers, some of which are Pearly everlasting
cuttings in spring or by seed in fall.
twining, grown for their leaves. Grow in a
fruits are small, dry and reddish-purple. A. depressus. See A. pyrethrum var. ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
sheltered position, in sun or partial shade
Z4–9 H9–4.
in any soil. Needs plenty of room as grows
depressus. Genus of perennials with heads of small, A
A. asiatica (Asian serviceberry). A. pyrethrum var. depressus, syn. papery flowers, used dried for winter
quickly and can cover a large area.
Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft A. depressus, illus. p.360. decoration. Prefers sun but will grow in
Propagate by greenwood or semiripe
(8m), S 30ft (10m). Leaves are oval and dark semi-shade. Soil should be well-drained
cuttings in mid-summer.
green, usually woolly when young and
turning yellow or red in fall. Star-shaped,
A. aconitifolia, syn. Vitis aconitifolia ANAGALLIS but not too dry. Propagate by seed in fall
(Monkshood vine). Fast-growing, Pimpernel or by division in winter or spring.
white flowers are borne profusely in late A. margaritacea, illus. p.231.
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining, PRIMULACEAE
spring, followed by edible, juicy, rounded, A. nepalensis var. monocephala,
tendril climber. H to 40ft (12m). Rounded
blackcurrant-like fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. Genus of annuals and creeping perennials, syn. A. nubigena. Dwarf, leafy perennial.
leaves have 3 or 5 toothed, lobed, dark
A. canadensis (Shadblow, Shadbush). green leaflets. Inconspicuous, greenish grown for their flowers. Plant in an open, H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 6in (15cm).
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 20ft flowers, in late summer, are followed by sunny site in fertile, moist soil. Propagate Woolly, silvery stems bear lance-shaped
(6m), S 10ft (3m). Star-shaped, white orange berries. Z5–8 H8–1. by seed or division in spring. Raise A. leaves. Bears dense, terminal clusters
flowers are borne from mid- to late spring A. brevipedunculata var. tenella by soft-tip cuttings in spring or of white flower heads in late summer.
amid unfolding, oval, white-haired leaves maximowiczii, syn. A. glandulosa early summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
that mature to dark green and turn orange- var. brevipendunculata, A. heterophylla, A. tenella. ‘Studland’ illus. p.353. A. nubigena. See A. nepalensis var.
red in fall. Fruits are edible, rounded, Vitis heterophylla, illus. p.210. monocephala.
blackish-purple, sweet and juicy. Z3–7 var. maximowiczii ‘Elegans’, syn. ANANAS A. triplinervis. Variable, clump-forming
H7–1. A. brevipedunculata ‘Tricolor’, perennial. H 32–36in (80–90cm), S 18–24in
Pineapple
A. laevis, illus. p.81. A. brevipedunculata ‘Variegata’, illus. (45–60cm). Has obovate to elliptic, white-
A. lamarckii, illus. p.110. BROMELIACEAE woolly leaves, prominently 3-veined. In
p.195. ‘Tricolor’. See A. brevipedunculata
var. maximowiczii ‘Elegans’. ‘Variegata’. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming mid- to late summer produces clusters
Amomyrtus luma. See Luma apiculata. perennials, grown for their foliage and of white-bracted, yellow-centered flower
See A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii
‘Elegans’. edible fruits (pineapples). Prefers full heads. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Sommerschnee’,
AMORPHA A. glandulosa var. brevipendunculata. light, but tolerates some shade. Needs syn. A. triplinervis ‘Summer Snow’
See A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii. fertile, well-drained soil. Water illus. p.231. ‘Summer Snow’. See
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
A. heterophylla. See A. brevipedunculata moderately during growing season, A. triplinervis ‘Sommerschnee’.
Genus of deciduous shrubs and subshrubs, var. maximowiczii. sparingly at other times. Propagate by
grown for their flowers and foliage. Is suckers or cuttings of ‘leafy’ fruit tops
a useful plant for cold, dry, exposed
A. megalophylla, illus. p.210.
in spring or summer.
ANCHUSA
A. sempervirens. See Cissus striata.
positions. Requires full sun and well- Alkanet
A. veitchii. See Parthenocissus A. bracteatus (Red pineapple, Wild
drained soil. May be propagated by tricuspidata ‘Veitchii’. pineapple). var. tricolor, syn. BORAGINACEAE
softwood cuttings taken in summer or A. bracteatus ‘Striata’, A. bracteatus Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
by seed sown in fall. ‘Tricolor’ (illus. p.471) is an evergreen, some of which are evergreen, with usually
A. canescens (Lead plant). Deciduous,
AMSONIA basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). blue flowers. Needs sun and well-drained
open subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Bluestar
Forms dense rosettes of strap-shaped, soil; resents too much winter wet. Tall,
Dense spikes of tiny, pealike, purple APOCYNACEAE spiny-edged, arching, deep green leaves, perennial species may need to be staked
flowers, with orange anthers, are produced Genus of slow-growing, clump-forming, longitudinally yellow-striped and often with and allowed room to spread. Propagate
in late summer and early fall, amid oval, summer-flowering perennials. Needs marginal, red spines. Dense spikes of small, perennials by root cuttings in winter,
gray-haired leaves divided into 21–41 full sun and well-drained soil. Is best left tubular, lavender-violet flowers, with annuals and biennials by seed in fall 507
narrowly oval leaflets. Z2–8 H8–1. undisturbed for some years. Propagate prominent, reddish-pink bracts, are borne or spring.
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ANDROMEDA
A. azurea, syn. A. italica. ‘Little John’ is forming perennial. H 1/2in (1cm), S to 4in Japanese anemone). Erect perennial with Giant’, syn. A. nemorosa ‘Wilk’s Giant’
a clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), (10cm). Produces rosettes of small, thick, a creeping, woody-based rootstock. H 36in has larger, single, white flowers.
S 24in (60cm). Mainly basal leaves are linear to oblong, hairy leaves. Almond- (100cm), S 36in (100cm) or more. Large, A. pavonina, illus. p.402.
narrowly oval and hairy. Bears branching scented, flattish, white flowers are borne rounded, dark green leaves have 3-toothed A. ranunculoides, illus. p.263. ‘Flore
racemes of large, open cup-shaped, dark in spring on very short stems, 1 or 2 per lobes. In late summer, flower stems bear Pleno’. See A. ranunculoides ‘Pleniflora’.
blue flowers in early summer. Z3–8 H8–1. rosette. Z6–8 H8–6. smaller leaves and 5-petaled, slightly ‘Pleniflora’, syn. A. ranunculoides
‘Loddon Royalist’, illus. p.241. ‘Opal’, A. imbricata. See A. vandellii. cupped, pale pink or white flowers, ‘Flore Pleno’ is a spreading, rhizomatous
H 4ft (1.2m), has paler blue flowers. A. lanuginosa, illus. p.363. 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, with yellow perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Bears
A. caespitosa. See A. cespitosa. A. pyrenaica, illus. p.350. stamens. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Bowles’s Pink’ buttercup-like, double, yellow flowers in
A. capensis. ‘Blue Angel’, illus. p.315. A. sarmentosa. Evergreen, mat-forming (illus. p.222) bears rich pink-purple flowers. spring. Leaves are divided. Likes damp,
‘Blue Bird’ is a bushy biennial, grown as perennial, spreading by runners. H 11/2–4in ‘Hadspen Abundance’ illus. p.247. woodland conditions. Z4–8 H8–1.
an annual. H to 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). (4–10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has open rosettes of var. japonica ‘Bressingham Glow’, A. rivularis, illus. p.437.
Has lance-shaped, bristly, mid-green leaves small, narrowly elliptic, hairy leaves. Large syn. A. x hybrida ‘Bressingham Glow’, illus. A. x seemannii. See A. x lipsiensis.
and, in summer, heads of shallowly bowl- clusters of flattish, yellow-eyed, bright pink p.222, H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 60cm (2ft), has A. sylvestris, illus. p.255. ‘Macrantha’
shaped, sky-blue flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers open in spring. Is a good rock plant semidouble, rose-purple flowers on wiry is a clump-forming perennial that can be
A. cespitosa, syn. A. caespitosa, illus. p.356. in all but extremely wet areas. Z5–7 H7–5. stems. var. japonica ‘Pamina’, illus. invasive. H and S 12in (30cm). Large,
A. italica. See A. azurea. A. sempervivoides. Evergreen, mat- p.222, H 32in (80cm), bears masses of fragrant, semi-pendent, shallowly cup-
forming, rosetted perennial with stolons. rather small, semidouble, reddish-purple shaped, white flowers are produced in
Ancistrocactus megarhizus. See
H 1/2–3in (1–7cm), S 12in (30cm). Has flowers. Z4–8 H8–5. var. japonica ‘Prinz spring and early summer. Leaves are
Sclerocactus scheeri.
leathery, oblong or spoon-shaped leaves. Heinrich’, syn. A. x hybrida ‘Prince divided and mid-green. Z3–9 H9–1.
Ancistrocactus scheeri. See Sclerocactus
In spring produces small heads of 4–10 Henry’ has single, deep pink flowers on A. thalictroides ‘Schoaf’s Double’. See
scheeri.
flattish, pink flowers, with yellow, then red, slender stems. ‘Praecox’ (illus. p.222), Anemonella thalictroides ‘Oscar Schoaf’.
Ancistrocactus uncinatus. See
eyes. Is a good rock plant. Z5–7 H7–5. H 32in (80cm), bears single, pink flowers A. tomentosa, syn. A. vitifolia. Vigorous,
Sclerocactus uncinatus.
A. vandellii, syn. A. imbricata, illus. p.347. in mid-summer. ‘September Charm’. See clump-forming perennial with a creeping
A. villosa, illus. p.349. var. jacquemontii A. x hybrida ‘September Charm’. rootstock. H 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m) or
ANDROMEDA illus. p.366. A. x hybrida, syn. A. japonica (Japanese more. Large, 3–7 lobed mid-green leaves
Bog resemary anemone). Group of vigorous, branching with toothed margins have white-hairy
Anemanthele lessioniana. See Stipa
ERICACEAE perennials. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears undersides. In summer, flower stems
lessoniana.
shallowly cup-shaped, single, semidouble bear 5-petaled, slightly cupped, pale
Genus of evergreen shrubs with an open,
or double flowers in late summer and early pink flowers, with yellow stamens.
twiggy habit. Needs full light and rich,
ANEMONE fall. Leaves are deeply divided and dark Z5–9 H9–3.
moist, acid soil. Propagate by semiripe
Windflower green. Z4–8 H8–5. ‘Bressingham Glow’. A. trullifolia, illus. p.350.
cuttings taken in late summer or by seed
RANUNCULACEAE See A. hupehensis var. japonica A. tschaernjaewii, illus. p.416.
sown in spring.
‘Bressingham Glow’. ‘Elegans’, syn. A. vitifolia (Grape-leaved anemone).
A. polifolia. Evergreen, open, twiggy Genus of spring-, summer- and fall-
A. x hybrida ‘Max Vogel’ has semidouble, Branching, clump-forming perennial.
shrub. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 24in (60cm). flowering perennials, sometimes tuberous or
pinkish-mauve flowers on wiry stems. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). In summer
Has narrow, leathery, glossy, mid-green rhizomatous, with mainly rounded, shallowly
‘Honorine Jobert’, illus. p.220. ‘Königin bears open cup-shaped, occasionally
leaves. Bears terminal clusters of pitcher- cup-shaped flowers. Leaves are rounded to
Charlotte’ (illus. p.222), H 4ft (1.2m), has pink-flushed, white flowers with yellow
shaped, pink flowers in spring and early oval, often divided into 3–15 leaflets. Most
large, semidouble, bright pink flowers. stamens. Vine-like leaves are woolly
summer. Z2–6 H6–1. ‘Alba’ illus. p.332. thrive in full light or semi-shade in rich, well-
A ‘Compacta’ illus. p.333. drained soil. Propagate by division in spring, ‘Lady Gilmour’, H 3ft (1m), produces beneath. Z5–8 H8–3.
crested leaves and pink flowers with often A. vitifolia of gardens. See A. tomentosa.
by seed sown in late summer, when fresh, or
by root cuttings in winter. T Contact with uneven, twisted petals. ‘Max Vogel’. See
ANDROSACE A. x hybrida ‘Elegans’. ‘Montrosa’, H 4ft
Rock jasmine
the sap may irritate skin. ANEMONELLA
A. apennina (Apennine anemone). (1.2m), has large, double, soft reddish-pink
PRIMULACEAE flowers with rather twisted petals. ‘Prince RANUNCULACEAE
Spreading, spring-flowering, rhizomatous
Genus of annuals and evergreen perennials, perennial. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Henry’. See A. hupehensis var. japonica Genus of one species of tuberous perennial,
usually compact cushion-forming and often Fernlike leaves have 3 deeply toothed ‘Prinz Heinrich’. ‘Richard Ahrens’, H 4ft grown for its flowers. Needs shade and
with soft, hairy leaves. Many species are lobes. Each stem bears a large, upright, (1.2m), bears large, single, soft pink flowers rich, moist soil. Propagate by seed when
suitable for cold greenhouses and troughs flattish, blue, white or pink flower, with in mid-summer. ‘Robustissima’ (illus. fresh or by division every 3–5 years in fall.
with winter cover. Needs sun and very well- 10–20 narrow petals. Z5–9 H9–3. p.222), H 4ft (1.2m), has single, dark A. thalictroides, illus. p.350. ‘Oscar
drained soil; some species prefer acid soil. A. blanda. Spreading, early spring- pink flowers borne on reddish stems. Schoaf’, syn. Anemone thalictroides
Resents wet foliage in winter. Propagate by flowering perennial with a knobby tuber. ‘September Charm’, syn. A. hupehensis ‘Schoaf’s Double’ is a slow-growing,
tip cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. Is H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Leaves ‘September Charm’ (illus. p.222), H 30in tuberous perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 11⁄2in
prone to botrytis and attack by aphids. are broadly oval and semierect, with 3 (75cm), S 20in (50cm), has single, clear (4cm) or more. Has delicate, fernlike leaves.
A. carnea, illus. p.350. subsp. laggeri deeply toothed lobes. Each stem bears an pink flowers on wiry stems. Z5–7 H7–5. From spring to early summer bears small,
illus. p.353. upright, flattish, blue, white or pink flower, ‘Whirlwind’, syn. A. x hybrida cup-shaped, double, strawberry-pink
A. chamaejasme. Evergreen, basal- 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with 9–14 narrow ‘Wirbelwind’ (illus. p.222), H 32–39in flowers, singly on finely branched, slender
rosetted, variable perennial with easily petals. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Atrocaerulea’, illus. (80–100cm), bears irregularly formed stems. Z4–7 H7–1.
rooted stolons. H 11/4–21/2in (3–6cm), p.419. ‘Ingramii’ bears purple-backed, double, white flowers, with some petals
S to 6in (15cm). Has open, hairy rosettes deep blue flowers. ‘Radar’. See A. blanda green flushed. ‘Wirbelwind’. See A. x ANEMONOPSIS
of oval leaves. In spring bears clusters of var. rosea ‘Radar’. var. rosea ‘Radar’, hybrida ‘Whirlwind’.
False anemone
2–8 flattish, white flowers, each with a syn. A. blanda ‘Radar’, illus. p.418. ‘Violet A. x intermedia. See A. x lipsiensis.
A. japonica. See A. x hybrida. RANUNCULACEAE
yellow eye that sometimes turns red with Star’, illus. p.418. ‘White Splendour’
age. Z4–7 H7–1. illus. p.414. A. x lipsiensis, syn. A. x intermedia, A. x Genus of one species of perennial, related
A. cylindrica. Evergreen, basal-rosetted A. coronaria. Spring-flowering perennial seemannii, illus. p.262. to Anemone. Likes a sheltered, semi-
perennial. H 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm), S 4in (10cm). with a misshapen tuber. H 2–10in (5–25cm), A. narcissiflora, illus. p.255. shaded position and rich, moist but well-
Leaves are linear and glossy. Flower stems S 4–6in (10–15cm). Produces parsley-like, A. nemorosa (Wood anemone). Vigorous, drained soil. Propagate by division in
each bear up to 10 small, flattish, white divided, semierect leaves. Each stiff stem carpeting, rhizomatous perennial. H 6in spring or by seed sown in late summer,
flowers, each with a yellow-green eye, bears a large, 5–8-petaled, shallowly cup- (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces masses when fresh.
in early spring. Is suitable for a cold shaped flower in shades of red, pink, blue of star-shaped, single, white flowers, with A. macrophylla (False anemone), illus.
greenhouse. Z6–7 H7–6. or purple. Garden groups include De Caen prominent, yellow stamens, in spring and p.270.
A. hedraeantha. Evergreen, tight Group and Saint Bridgid Group, which early summer, above deeply cut, mid-green
cushion-forming perennial. H 1/2 –3/4in have larger flowers varying in color from leaves. Likes woodland conditions. Z4–8
ANEMOPAEGMA
(1–2cm), S to 4in (10cm). Bears loose white through red to blue. Z8–11 H11–8. H8–1. ‘Allenii’ produces many large, cup-
rosettes of narrowly oval, glossy leaves. De Caen Group ‘Mister Fokker’ illus. shaped, single, rich lavender-blue flowers BIGNONIACEAE
Umbels of 5–10 flattish, yellow-throated, p.403. in spring. ‘Robinsoniana’ has lavender- Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers,
pink flowers are produced in spring. Is A. x fulgens, illus. p.418. blue flowers, pale creamy-gray beneath, grown for their flowers. Needs partial
508 best in a cold greenhouse. Z6–7 H7–6. A. hepatica. See Hepatica nobilis. on maroon stems. ‘Vestal’ has anemone- shade in summer and rich, well-drained
A. hirtella. Evergreen, tight cushion- A. hupehensis (Chinese anemone, centered, double, white flowers. ‘Wilks’ soil. Water regularly and freely when in
ANTIGONON
full growth, less at other times. Provide in cool areas will die down in winter. A. graminifolium. See A. ramosum.
support and in summer thin out stems ANISODONTEA Requires a position in full light and well- A. liliago, illus. p.263.
at intervals; shorten all growths by half in MALVACEAE drained soil. Water moderately in growing A. ramosum, syn. A. graminifolium.
spring. Propagate by softwood or semiripe season, but sparingly at other times. Upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm).
Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials,
cuttings in spring or summer. Provide support. Cut back the previous Erect racemes of small, saucer-shaped,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light and
A. chamberlaynei. Fast-growing, season’s growth by half or to just above white flowers are borne in summer above
well-drained soil. Water container plants
evergreen, tendril climber. H to 20ft (6m). ground level in spring. Propagate by a clump of grasslike, grayish-green leaves.
freely when in full growth, very little at other
Leaves have 2 pointed, oval leaflets and a tubers, produced at stem bases, in spring Z5–8 H8–5.
times. In growing season, young plants may
3-hooked tendril. Foxglove-like, primrose- or by softwood cuttings in summer.
need tip pruning to promote a bushy habit. Antholyza paniculata. See Crocosmia
yellow flowers are borne in pairs from A. cordifolia, syn. Boussingaultia
Propagate by seed in spring or by greenwood paniculata.
upper leaf axils in summer. Z12–15 H11–10. baselloides (Madeira vine, Mignonette
or semiripe cuttings in late summer.
vine), illus. p.197.
A. capensis, syn. Malvastrum capensis.
ANTHURIUM
ANGELICA Evergreen, erect, bushy shrub. H to 3ft (1m),
Flamingo flower, Tail flower
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
S 2ft (60cm) or more. Each oval leaf has 3–5 ANTENNARIA
deep lobes. Bowl-shaped, 5-petaled, rose- Cat’s ears ARACEAE
Genus of summer-flowering, often short- magenta flowers, with darker veins, are Genus of evergreen, erect, climbing or
lived perennials, some of which have borne from spring to fall. Z8–9 H9–8. trailing perennials, some grown for
culinary and medicinal uses. Grows in sun Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
their foliage and others for their bright
or shade and in any well-drained soil. perennials, grown for their almost
Remove seed heads when produced, ANNONA stemless flower heads and mats of often
flower spathes. Prefers bright light in
winter and indirect sun in summer;
otherwise plants may die. Propagate by Cherimoya, Custard apple, Sweet sop woolly leaves. Makes good groundcover.
needs a fairly moist atmosphere and
seed when ripe. ANNONACEAE Needs sun and well-drained soil.
moist, but not waterlogged, peaty soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring.
A. archangelica, illus. p.219. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs Propagate by division in spring. T All
A. dioica (Common pussy-toes).
and trees, grown for their edible fruits parts may cause mild stomach disorder
Semievergreen, mat-forming, dense
ANGELONIA and ornamental appearance. Needs full
perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S 10in (25cm).
if digested; contact with sap may
light or partial shade and fertile, moisture- irritate skin.
SCROPHULARIACEAE/ retentive but well-drained soil. Water
Leaves are tiny, oval, usually woolly and
A. andraeanum, illus. p.470.
PLANTAGINACEAE container specimens moderately when in full
greenish-white. Short stems bear fluffy,
A. crystallinum, illus. p.465.
Genus of evergreen subshrubs and soft- white or pale pink flower heads in late
growth, sparingly in winter. Propagate by A. scherzerianum (Flamingo flower).
spring and early summer. Is good when
stemmed perennials, grown for their seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in late Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.
grown in a rock garden. Z5–9 H9–4.
shallowly cup-shaped, summer flowers. summer. Red spider mite may be a nuisance. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has oblong,
‘Nyewoods’ a compact plant with very
Makes good bedding plants in containers A. reticulata (Bullock’s heart, Custard leathery, dark green leaves, to 8in (20cm)
deep rose-pink flowers. var. rosea. See long. Produces large, long-lasting,
and borders. Needs sun and fertile, moist apple). Mainly deciduous, rounded tree.
A. rosea. bright red spathes and fleshy, orange
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has
A. rosea, syn. A. dioica var. rosea, to yellow spadices. Z11 H11–10.
or softwood cuttings in spring. oblong to lance-shaped leaves, 5–10in
illus. p.351. ‘Rothschildianum’, H and S 12in (30cm),
A. angustifolia AngelMist Series (13–25cm) long. Cup-shaped, olive-green
‘AngelMist Lavender Stripe’, illus. p.311. flowers, often flushed purple, are borne in bears white-spotted, red spathes and
summer, followed by edible, heart-shaped, ANTHEMIS yellow spadices.
red-flushed, greenish-brown fruits, 5in A. veitchii (Queen anthurium). Evergreen,
ANGRAECUM (13cm) long. Z14–15 H12–10.
erect, short-stemmed perennial. H 3ft (1m) A
ORCHIDACEAE Genus of carpeting and clump-forming or more, S to 3ft (1m). Glossy, corrugated
Anoiganthus breviflorus. See perennials, some of which are evergreen, leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, are oval, with
See also ORCHIDS.
Cyrtanthus breviflorus. grown for their daisylike flower heads and heart-shaped bases on leaf stalks, 2–3ft
A. sesquipedale, illus. p.468.
Anoiganthus luteus. See Cyrtanthus fernlike foliage. Prefers a position in sun (60cm–1m) long. Intermittently bears a
breviflorus. and well-drained soil. May need staking long-lasting, leathery, green to white
ANGULOA for support. Cut to ground level after spathe that surrounds a cream spadix.
Cradle orchid, Tulip orchid ANOMATHECA flowering to produce good leaf rosettes in Z11 H12–10.
ORCHIDACEAE winter. Propagate by division in spring or,
IRIDACEAE for some species, by basal cuttings in late
See also ORCHIDS.
Genus of upright, summer-flowering summer, fall or spring. ANTHYLLIS
A. clowesii (Cradle orchid). Deciduous, A. nobilis. See Chamaemelum nobile. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
corms, grown for their trumpet- to funnel-
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. shaped, red flowers, followed by egg- A. punctata subsp. cupaniana, Genus of rounded, bushy perennials,
H 24in (60cm). Fragrant, erect, cup-shaped, shaped seed pods that split to reveal red illus. p.264. grown for their flowers and finely divided
lemon-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) long, seeds. Plant 2in (5cm) deep in an open, A. sancti-johannis. Evergreen, spreading, leaves. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
each with a loosely hinged, yellow lip, are sunny situation and in well-drained soil. bushy perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). In Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
produced singly in early summer. Broadly In cold areas, lift corms and store dry summer bears many daisylike, bright orange or by seed in fall.
oval, ribbed leaves are 18in (45cm) long. for winter. Propagate by seed in spring. flower heads among fernlike, shaggy, mid- A. hermanniae. Rounded, bushy
Grow in partial shade in summer. Z13–15 A. cruenta. See A. laxa. green leaves. Z3–8 H8–3. perennial. H and S to 24in (60cm). Spiny,
H11–10. A. laxa, syn. A. cruenta, Lapeirousia A. tinctoria (Golden marguerite, Ox-eye tangled stems bear simple or 3-parted,
cruenta, Freesia laxa, Lapeirousia laxa, illus. chamomile). Evergreen, clump-forming bright green leaves. Has small, pealike,
ANIGOZANTHOS p.423. perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces a yellow flowers in summer. Is good for a
Kangaroo paw mass of daisylike, yellow flower heads in rock garden. Z6–8 H8–6.
mid-summer, borne singly above a basal
HAEMODORACEAE ANOPTERUS clump of fernlike, crinkled, mid-green
A. montana, illus. p.338. ‘Rubra’ is a
rounded or spreading, woody-based
Genus of perennials with thick rootstocks ESCALLONIACEAE leaves. Propagate by basal cuttings in perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Divided
and fans of sword-shaped leaves, grown Genus of evergreen shrubs or small spring or late summer. Z3–8 H8–3. leaves consist of 17–41 narrowly oval
for their curious flowers. Needs an open, trees, grown for their foliage and flowers. ‘E.C. Buxton’ illus. p.243. leaflets. Heads of clover-like, bright
sunny position and does best in well- Needs full or semi-shade and moist but pink flowers are borne in late spring
drained, peaty or leafy, acid soil. Propagate well-drained, lime-free soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed when
ANTHERICUM and early summer. Is good for a rock
by semiripe cuttings in summer. garden. Z6–8 H8–6.
Spider plant
fresh, in late summer. A. glandulosus, illus. p.110.
A. flavidus, illus. p.476. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
A. manglesii, illus. p.470.
ANTIGONON
A. rufus. Tufted perennial. H 3ft (1m),
ANREDERA Genus of upright perennials with saucer-
Coral vine
or trumpet-shaped flowers rising in
Madeira vine, Mignonette vine POLYGONACEAE
S 2ft (60cm). Panicles of 2-lipped, rich spike-like racemes from clumps of
burgundy flowers, covered with purple BASELLACEAE leaves. Prefers a sunny site and fertile, Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
hairs, are produced in spring. Has long, Genus of evergreen, tuberous, twining well-drained soil that does not dry out tendril climbers, grown for their foliage
sword-shaped, stiff, mid-green leaves. climbers, grown for their luxuriant in summer. Propagate by division in and profuse clusters of small flowers. 509
Z10–11 H11–10. foliage and small, scented flowers. If grown spring or by seed in fall. Grow in full light and any fertile, well-
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ANTIRRHINUM
drained soil. Water freely in growing with creamy-white margins, and small, p.226. Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.
season, sparingly at other times. Needs APHELANDRA daisylike, bright pink flowers in summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears semi-
tropical conditions to flower well. Provide ACANTHACEAE Z12–15 H12–10. pendent, bell-shaped, pale to bright yellow
support. Thin out congested growth in early flowers, with long spurs, several per stem,
Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials,
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by in early summer. Has fernlike, divided, mid-
softwood cuttings in summer.
grown for their showy flowers. Prefers AQUILEGIA green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Yellow Queen’
bright light but keep out of direct sun in Columbine
A. leptopus (Confederate vine, Mexican has golden-yellow flowers.
summer. Use soft water and keep soil moist RANUNCULACEAE
creeper). Fast-growing, evergreen, A. coerulea (Rocky mountain columbine),
but not waterlogged. Benefits from feeding
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 20ft Genus of clump-forming, short-lived illus. p.226. Upright perennial. H 24–32in
when flower spikes are forming. Propagate
(6m). Has crinkly, pale green leaves. perennials, grown for their mainly bell- (60–80cm), S 12–16in (30–40cm). More or
by seed or tip cuttings from young stems in
Dense trusses of bright pink, sometimes shaped, spurred flowers in spring and less upward-facing flowers, with open-
spring.
red or white, flowers grow mainly in summer. Is suitable for rock gardens and spreading, white sepals, pale to deep sky-
A. squarrosa (Zebra plant). ‘Dania’ is
summer, but all year in tropical woodland gardens. Prefers an open, sunny blue petals and long spurs are borne from
an evergreen, compact perennial. H 3ft
conditions. Z15 H11–10. site and well-drained soil. Propagate late spring to mid-summer above divided,
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). Oval, glossy, dark
species by seed in fall or spring. Selected mid-green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1.
green leaves, to 1ft (30cm) long, have
A. ‘Dove’ (Songbird Series), illus. p.226.
ANTIRRHINUM white veins and mid-ribs. Produces forms, such as A. vulgaris var. stellata
dense, 4-sided spikes, to 6in (15cm) long, ‘Nora Barlow’, only occasionally come Clump-forming, compact perennial. H 30in
Snapdragon
of 2-lipped, bright yellow flowers in axils true from seed as they cross freely. Is (75cm), S 14–16in (35–40cm). Large, open
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE prone to aphid attack. T Contact with sap bell-shaped, fluted flowers, with white
of yellow bracts in fall. Z14–15 H11–10.
Genus of perennials and semievergreen ‘Louisae’, illus. p.476. may irritate skin. petals, sepals and long spurs, are produced
subshrubs, usually grown as annuals, A. akitensis. See A. flabellata var. pumila. in late spring and early summer above
flowering from spring to fall, or as winter A. alpina, illus. p.334. fernlike, divided, light green leaves. Z4–9
annuals in warm regions. Needs sun and APHYLLANTHES A. atrata (Black columbine). Clump- H9–1.
rich, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE forming perennial H 24–28in (60–70cm), A. ‘Dragonfly’, illus. p.226. Upright
flowering season. Propagate by seed sown Genus of one species of summer-flowering S 12in (30cm). Bell-shaped, fluted, deep perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
outdoors in late spring or by stem perennial. Grow in a sunny, warm, purple-violet flowers with spreading sepals Large, upright to semierect, bell-shaped,
cuttings in early fall or spring. Rust disease sheltered corner, preferably in an alpine and strongly hooked spurs, 1/4in (1cm) long, fluted, yellow flowers, with basally red-
may be a problem with A. majus, but rust- house, and in well-drained, sandy, peaty are borne in early summer above mid- flushed petals and purplish-red sepals and
resistant cultivars are available. soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by green, glaucous-backed leaves divided into spurs, are produced from late spring to
A. asarina. See Asarina procumbens. seed in fall or spring. 9 segments. Z4–8 H7–1. mid-summer above fernlike, divided, mid-
A. Balumhopi’. See A. Luminaire Series A. monspeliensis. Tuft-forming A. bertolonii, syn. A. reuteri. Clump- green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1.
LUMINAIRE HOT PINK. perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 2in (5cm). forming, compact perennial. H 4–12in A. flabellata (Fan columbine). Clump-
A. Luminaire Series LUMINAIRE HOT Star-shaped, pale to deep blue flowers are (10–30cm), S 3–8in (8–20cm). Bell-shaped, forming perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 4in
PINK (‘Balumhopi’), illus. p.303. borne singly or in small groups at tops of blue-violet flowers with spreading sepals (10cm). Bell-shaped, soft blue flowers, each
A. majus. Erect perennial that branches wiry, glaucous green stems from early to and curved spurs, 1/4in (1cm) long, are with fluted petals and a short spur, are
from the base. Cultivars are grown as mid-summer. Leaves are reduced to red- borne in late spring and early summer produced in summer. Rounded, finely
annuals and are grouped according to brown sheathers surrounding stems. above dark green leaves divided into 9 divided leaves form an open, basal rosette.
size and flower type: tall, H 2–3ft Z9–10 H11–10. segments. Z4–7 H7–1. Needs partial shade and moist soil.
(60cm–1m), S 12–18in (30–45cm); A. Biedermeier Group. Short-stemmed, Z4–9 H9–1. var. alba ‘White Jewel’ has
A intermediate, H and S 18in (45cm); dwarf,
APONOGETON
compact perennials. H 12–14in (30–35cm), white flowers. Jewel Series, flowers vary
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm); regular S 8–12in (20–30cm). More or less upward- from blue to pink or white. ‘Ministar’ has
tubular-shaped (hyacinth-like) flowers; APONOGETONACEAE facing, open-bell-shaped flowers in colors slightly nodding blooms with purple-blue,
penstemon, trumpet-shaped flowers; Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water varying from purple-blue to lilac, red, pink spreading sepals and blue-based, white
double; and irregular tubular-shaped plants, grown for their floating foliage and or white are produced from late spring to petals. ‘Nana Alba’. See A. flabellata var.
flowers. All have lance-shaped leaves often heavily scented flowers. Requires an mid-summer above divided, bluish-green pumila f. alba. var. pumila, syn.
and, from spring to fall, bear spikes of open, sunny position. Tidy fading foliage in foliage. Z4–7 H7–1. A. akitensis (illus. p.226) grows to 4in
usually 2-lipped, sometimes double, fall. Propagate by division in spring or by A. ‘Bluebird’ (Songbird Series), illus. (10cm) and has deep blue and white petals.
flowers in a variety of colors, including seed when fresh. p.226. Clump-forming, compact perennial. var. pumila f. alba, syn. A. flabellata
white, pink, red, purple, yellow and A. distachyos, illus. p.435. H 24–28in (60–70cm), S 14–16in (35–40cm). ‘Nana Alba’, H 4in (10cm), is compact and
orange. Z9–11 H11–1. Bells Series Very large, open bell-shaped, fluted flowers has white flowers.
(dwarf, regular) is early-flowering, with with white petals, soft pale violet-blue A. ‘Florida’ (State Series). Clump-
long-lasting flowers in purple, purple and
APOROCACTUS sepals and long, slightly curved spurs are forming, upright perennial. H 24in (60cm),
white, red, rose-pink, pink, bronze, Rat’s tail cactus borne in late spring and early summer S 12in (30cm). Open bell-shaped, fluted,
yellow, or white. ‘Black Prince’ illus. CACTACEAE above fernlike, divided, mid-green leaves. mid-yellow flowers, with creamy-yellow,
p.306. Chimes Series (dwarf, regular) is Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their Z4–9 H9–1. spreading sepals and long spurs, are
very compact, producing flowers in a pendent, slender, fleshy stems and bright A. ‘Bunting’ (Songbird Series), illus. produced in late spring and early summer
wide color range including several flowers. Is suitable for hanging baskets. p.226. Clump-forming, compact perennial. above fernlike, divided, light green leaves.
bicolors. Chimes Series (yellow), illus. Needs partial shade and very well-drained H 24in (60cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Open Z4–8 H8–1.
p.320. Coronette Series (tall, regular) is soil. Occasional light watering in winter bell-shaped, fluted flowers with blue- A. fragrans. Upright perennial. H 6–16in
compact with tubular, 2-lipped flowers will stop stems dying back from the tips. flushed, white petals, violet-blue sepals and (15–40cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Nodding,
in a wide range of colors. ‘Floral Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or long spurs are produced in late spring and bell-shaped, fragrant flowers, with creamy-
Showers’ (dwarf, regular) is early- summer. early summer above fernlike, divided, mid- white petals and bluish- or pinkish-white
flowering, bearing flowers in up to 10 A. flagelliformis, syn. Disocactus green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1. sepals, are borne in mid-summer above
colors, including some bicolors; tolerates flagelliformis, illus. p.483. A. canadensis (Canadian columbine), finely divided, bluish-green leaves. Z4–8
wet weather. Kim Series (intermediate, illus. p.226. Clump-forming, leafy perennial. H8–1.
regular) has flowers in scarlet, deep rose, H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). In early A. ‘Goldfinch’ (Songbird Series).
deep orange, primrose-yellow and white
APTENIA summer bears semi-pendent, bell-shaped Clump-forming, compact perennial.
as well as orange bicolor. Liberty AIZOACEAE flowers, with yellow sepals and red spurs, H 24–28in (60–70cm), S 14in (35cm). Open
Classic Series ‘Liberty Yellow’, illus. Genus of fast-growing, perennial several per slender stem, above fernlike, bell-shaped, fluted, bright yellow flowers
p.319. Madame Butterfly Series (tall, succulents, with trailing, freely branching dark green foliage. Z3–8 H8–1. are borne in late spring and early summer
peloric) is available in a mixture of colors. stems, that make good groundcover. A. ‘Cardinal’ (Songbird Series). above fernlike, divided, mid-green leaves.
Rocket Series (tall, regular) is vigorous, Requires full sun and very well-drained Clump-forming, compact perennial. H 20in Z4–8 H8–1.
with flowers in a broad color range; they soil. Keep dry in winter. Propagate by (50cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Open bell- A. ‘Hensol Harebell’, illus. p.226. Clump-
are excellent for cut flowers. Sonnet seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. shaped, fluted flowers with white petals, forming, compact perennial. H 2ft (60cm),
Series (intermediate, regular) is bushy A. cordifolia, syn. Mesembryanthemum deep red-pink at the base, dark red sepals S 1ft (30cm). Has fernlike, divided, pale
and has flowers in a variety of colors. cordifolium, illus. p.484. ‘Variegata’ is and long, curved spurs are produced in late green leaves. In late spring, tall, slender
‘Trumpet Serenade’ (dwarf, a fast-growing, prostrate, perennial spring and early summer above fernlike, stems bear pendent, bell-shaped, short-
510 penstemon) has bicolored flowers in a succulent. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. divided, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. spurred, soft blue flowers. Z4–7 H7–1.
mixture of pastel shades. Has oval, glossy, bright green leaves, A. chrysantha (Yellow columbine), illus. A. jonesii, illus. p.368.
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS
A. karelinii. Clump-forming perennial. flowers, in shades of pink, crimson, purple flowers in early summer are followed by
H 8–32in (20–80cm), S 5–12in (12–30cm). and white, are borne, several per long ARALIA orange or red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
Nodding, bell-shaped, violet to wine-purple stem, in early summer. Leaves are gray- ARALIACEAE A. unedo, illus. p.93.
flowers, with spreading sepals and short, green, rounded and divided into leaflets.
Genus of deciduous trees, shrubs and
hooked spurs, are produced in early Z3–8 H8–1. var. alba produces white
perennials, grown for their bold leaves ARCHONTOPHOENIX
summer above slightly glaucous, light flowers. ‘Magpie’. See A. vulgaris ‘William
and small, but profusely borne flowers. King palm
green leaves. Z3–9 H8–1. Guiness’. ‘Munstead White’. See A.
Requires sun or semi-shade, some shelter PALMAE/ARECACEAE
A. longissima (Longspur columbine), vulgaris ‘Nivea’. ‘Nivea’, syn. A. vulgaris
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
illus. p.226. Clump-forming, leafy perennial. ‘Munstead White’ (illus. p.226) has gray- Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
those listed below by seed in fall or by
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Bell-shaped, green leaves and glistening white flowers. majestic appearance. Needs full light or
suckers or root cuttings in late winter.
pale yellow flowers, with very long, bright var. stellata ‘Black Barlow’, illus. p.223. partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
A. elata (Japanese aralia tree). Deciduous
yellow spurs, are borne, several per stem, bears spurless, double, deep purple-black Water container specimens moderately,
tree or suckering shrub with sparse,
in early summer, above fernlike, divided, flowers. var. stellata ‘Nora Barlow’ less when temperatures are low. Propagate
sturdy, prickly stems. H and S 30ft (10m).
mid-green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1. (illus. p.226) produces double red flowers, by seed in spring at not less than 75°F
Has large, dark green leaves with
A. ‘Mrs. Scott Elliott’. See A. Mrs. Scott pale green at the tips. var. stellata ‘Ruby (24°C). Red spider mite may be
numerous oval, paired leaflets. Billowing
Elliott Hybrids. Port’ (illus. p.226) has spurless, deep ruby- troublesome.
heads of tiny, white flowers, forming a
A. Mrs. Scott Elliott Hybrids, syn. red double flowers. ‘William Guiness’, A. alexandrae, illus. p.452.
large panicle, 12–24in (30–60cm) long, are
A. ‘Mrs. Scott Elliott’. Clump-forming, leafy syn. A. vulgaris ‘Magpie’ (illus. p.226) has A. cunninghamiana (Illawarra palm,
borne in late summer and fall. Z4–9 H9–1.
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Bell- nodding, deep blue-purple flowers with Piccabeen palm). Evergreen palm.
‘Albomarginata’. See A. elata ‘Variegata’.
shaped flowers of various colors, often white-tipped petals. H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has
‘Aureovariegata’ has leaflets broadly
bicolored, have long spurs and are borne A. ‘Winky Red-White’ (Winky Series). long, arching, feather-shaped leaves.
edged with yellow. ‘Variegata’, syn.
in early summer on branching, wiry stems. Mature trees produce large clusters of
Clump-forming, compact perennial. A. elata ‘Albomarginata’ illus. p.93.
Has fernlike, divided, bluish-green leaves. small, lavender or lilac flowers in summer
H 14–20in (35–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Double A. elegantissima. See Schefflera
Z4–7 H7–1. followed by large, egg-shaped, red fruits.
or semidouble, red-and-white flowers are elegantissima.
A. ‘Nuthatch’ (Songbird Series). Z10–11 H11–9.
produced in late spring and early summer A. japonica. See Fatsia japonica.
Clump-forming, compact perennial. above fernlike, divided, pale to mid-green A. sieboldii. See Fatsia japonica. Arcterica nana. See Pieris nana.
H 24–28in (60–70cm), S 12in (30cm). Open leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
bell-shaped, fluted, pink-based, white
flowers, with deep pink sepals and long ARAUCARIA ARCTOSTAPHYLOS
spurs, are produced in late spring and ARABIS ARAUCARIACEAE Manzanita
early summer above fernlike divided, Rock cres ERICACEAE
See also CONIFERS.
mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE A. araucana, illus. p.98. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
A. reuteri. See A. bertolonii. A. excelsa. See A. heterophylla.
Genus of robust, evergreen perennials. grown for their foliage, flowers and fruits.
A. ‘Robin’ (Songbird Series). Clump- A. heterophylla, syn. A. excelsa (Norfolk
Makes excellent groundcover in a rock Some species are also grown for their bark,
forming, compact perennial. H 24in (60cm), Island pine). Upright conifer. H 100ft (30m),
garden. Needs sun and well-drained soil. others as groundcovers. Provide shelter
S 12in (30cm). Open bell-shaped, fluted, S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has spirally set,
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer from strong winds. Does best in full sun
white flowers, pink-flushed at the base, needlelike, incurved, fresh green leaves.
or by seed in fall. and well-drained, acid soil. Propagate by
with spreading, dusky pink sepals and long Cones are seldom produced in cultivation.
A. albida. See A. alpina subsp. caucasica. semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
spurs, are produced in late spring and early Is often grown as a shade-tolerant house
A. alpina subsp. caucasica, syn. in fall.
summer above fernlike, divided, pale to
A. albida, A. caucasica (Wall rock cress). plant. Z9–11 H11–9. A. alpina, syn. Arctous alpinus (Alpine
A
mid-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. bearberry). Deciduous, creeping shrub.
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 6in
A. rockii. Upright perennial. H 20–32in
(50–80cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Nodding
(15cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears loose rosettes ARAUJIA H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm). Produces
of obovate, toothed, mid-green leaves drooping, terminal clusters of tiny, urn-
to semierect, narrowly bell-shaped, deep ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE shaped, pink-flushed, white flowers in late
and, in late spring and summer, fragrant,
purple flowers, with spreading sepals and Genus of evergreen, twining climbers spring. These are followed by rounded,
4-petaled, white, occasionally pink,
curved spurs, are borne in late spring and with woody stems that exude milky juice purple-black berries. Leaves are oval,
flowers. Is excellent on a dry bank. Trim
early summer above divided, mid-green when cut. Needs sun and fertile, well- toothed, glossy and bright green. Z2–7
back after flowering. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Douler
leaves, glaucous beneath. Z6–8 H7–1. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring H7–1.
Angevine’, illus. p.352. ‘Flore Pleno’,
A. scopulorum. Clump-forming or by stem cuttings in late summer or A. diversifolia, syn. Comarostaphylis
syn. A. caucasica ‘Plena’ has double, white
perennial. H 21/2in (6cm), S 31/2in (9cm). In early fall. diversifolia (Summer holly). Evergreen,
flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Variegata’, syn. A.
summer produces bell-shaped, fluted, pale A. sericifera, illus. p.195. upright shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft
caucasica ‘Variegata’, illus. p.347.
blue, or rarely pink, flowers, each with a (3m). Leaves are oblong, glossy and dark
A. x arendsii ‘Rosabella’, syn.
cream center and very long spurs. Leaves
are divided into 9 oval, glaucous leaflets.
A. caucasica ‘Rosabella’. Evergreen, ARBUTUS green. Terminal racemes of fragrant, urn-
mat-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), shaped, white flowers are borne from early
Z4–8 H8–1. Manzanita, Strawberry tree
S 12in (30cm). Has large rosettes of small, to mid-spring, followed by spherical, red
A. ‘Sunburst Ruby’. Clump-forming ERICACEAE fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
oval, soft green leaves and a profusion of
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, A. ‘Emerald Carpet’, illus. p.147.
single, deep pink flowers in spring and
Semi-upright, semidouble to double, deep grown for their leaves, clusters of small, A. hookeri ‘Monterey Carpet’, syn.
early summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
ruby-red flowers are borne in late spring urn-shaped flowers, ornamental bark A. uva-ursi subsp. hookeri ‘Monterey
A. blepharophylla (California rock cress,
and early summer above fernlike, divided, and strawberry-like fruits, which are Carpet’. Evergreen, open shrub. H 4–6in
Rose cress, Fringed rock cress). Short-
golden leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. edible but insipid. Must be protected (10–15cm), S 16in (40cm) or more. Has
lived, evergreen, mat-forming perennial.
A. triternata, illus. p.226. Upright H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). Dislikes winter from strong, cold winds when young. hairy branchlets bearing glossy, pale
perennial. H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 8–12in wet. Has oval, toothed, dark green leaves, Prefers full sun and needs fertile, well- green leaves and, in early summer,
(20–30cm). Nodding, narrowly bell-shaped, with hairy, gray margins, borne in loose drained soil; A. menziesii requires acid urn-shaped, white flowers, sometimes
short-petaled, yellow flowers, sometimes rosettes. Fragrant, 4-petaled, bright pink soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in flushed pink, which are followed by
red-flushed, with red sepals, are produced to white flowers are produced in spring. late summer or by seed in fall. globose, red fruits. Z8–9 H9–8.
in early summer above 3-parted, mid-green Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Frühlingszauber’, syn. A. A. andrachne (Grecian strawberry tree). A. manzanita (Manzanita, Parry
leaves. Z3–9 H8–1. blepharophylla ‘Spring Charm’, illus. p.353. Evergreen, spreading tree or shrub. H and manzanita). Evergreen, upright shrub.
A. viridiflora, illus. p.226. Upright, short- ‘Spring Charm’. See A. blepharophylla S 20ft (6m). Has oval, glossy, dark green H and S 6ft (2m) or more. Has peeling,
lived perennial. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 4–8in ‘Frühlingszauber’. leaves and peeling, reddish-brown bark. reddish-brown bark and oval, leathery,
(10–20cm). In late spring and early summer A. caucasica. See A. alpina subsp. Panicles of urn-shaped, white flowers in late gray-green leaves. From early to mid-
produces fragrant, nodding, bell-shaped, caucasica. ‘Plena’. See A. alpina subsp. spring are followed by orange-red fruits. spring produces small, urn-shaped, deep
purple, chocolate-brown, or sometimes caucasica ‘Flore Pleno’. ‘Rosabella’. See Prefers a sheltered position. Z7–9 H9–7. pink flowers. Z8–10 H9–8.
yellow-green, flowers, with green sepals, A. x arendsii ‘Rosabella’. ‘Variegata’. A. x andrachnoides, illus. p.79. A. nevadensis (Pine-mat manzanita).
above 3-parted, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 See A. alpina subsp. caucasica ‘Variegata’. A. menziesii (Madroña, Madroñe). Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),
H8–1. A. ferdinandi-coburgi ‘Variegata’. Evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 50ft S 3ft (1m). Has small, oval leaves. In
A. vulgaris (Granny’s bonnets). Clump- See A. procurrens ‘Variegata’. (15m). Has smooth, peeling, reddish bark summer, pendent, urn-shaped, white
forming, leafy perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in A. procurrens ‘Variegata’, syn. A. and oval, dark green leaves. Large, upright, flowers are borne in clusters in leaf axils, 511
(50cm). Many funnel-shaped, short-spurred ferdinandi-coburgi ‘Variegata’, illus. p.375. terminal panicles of urn-shaped, white followed by globose, brownish-red fruits.
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ARCTOTHECA
Is useful as groundcover. Z7–9 H9–7. not dry soil. Water potted plants freely climber. H 25–30ft (8–10m). Has oval, silver- A hooded, green or purple spathe, with a
A. nummularia (Fort Bragg manzanita). when in full growth, moderately at other backed leaves, 7–11in (18–27cm) long. protruding, S-shaped spadix, overtops
Evergreen, erect to prostrate shrub. H 1ft times. Cut back old plants in early spring Clusters of funnel-shaped, lavender-blue leaves. Produces spikes of fleshy, red fruits
(30cm) or more, S 3ft (1m). Leaves are if required. Propagate by seed in spring flowers, with darker bases and white in fall. Z8–9 H9–7.
small, rounded, leathery and toothed. or by semiripe cuttings in summer. downy in bud, are produced in summer– A. triphyllum, syn. A. atrorubens,
Pendent, urn-shaped, white flowers are A. crenata, syn. A. crenulata, illus. p.456. fall. Z13–15 H11–1. illus. p.406.
borne in clusters from leaf axils in summer, A. crenulata. See A. crenata. A. speciosa. See A. nervosa.
followed by globose, green fruits. Makes
good groundcover. Z7–9 H9–7. Areca lutescens. See Dypsis lutescens. Argyrocytisus battandieri. See ARISARUM
A. patula, illus. p.144. Arecastrum romanozoffianum. See Cytisus battandieri. ARACEAE
A. stanfordiana (Stanford manzanita). Syagrus romanozoffianum. Genus of tuberous perennials, grown
Evergreen, erect shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Aregelia carolinae. See Neoregelia ARGYRODERMA mainly for their curious, hooded spathes
Bark is smooth and reddish-brown. Has carolinae. enclosing spadices with minute flowers.
AIZOACEAE
narrowly oval, glossy, bright green leaves. Needs partial shade and rich, well-drained
Genus of perennial succulents, grown for
Drooping clusters of urn-shaped, pink ARENARIA their very fleshy, gray-green leaves united
soil. Propagate in fall by dividing
flowers are borne from early to mid-spring. Sandwort established clumps of tubers, which
Z6–9 H9–6. in a prostrate, egg shape. In summer,
produce offsets freely.
A. uva-ursi, illus. p.376. ‘Point Reyes’ CARYOPHYLLACEAE daisylike flowers appear in central split
A. proboscideum (Mouse plant).
illus. p.375. ‘Vancouver Jade’ is an Genus of spring- and summer-flowering between leaves. Needs full sun and
Clump-forming, spring-flowering,
evergreen, trailing, sometimes arching annuals and perennials, some of which extremely well-drained soil. Propagate by
tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm),
shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm). Has are evergreen. Most need sun and well- seed in summer.
S 8–12in (20–30cm). Leaves are arrow-
small, oval, bright green leaves and bears drained, sandy soil. Propagate by division A. aureum. See A. delaetii.
shaped and prostrate. Produces a spadix
urn-shaped, white flowers in summer. or softwood cuttings in early summer or A. blandum. See A. delaetii.
of minute flowers concealed in a hooded,
Z2–6 H6–1. by seed in fall or spring. A. brevipes. See A. fissum.
dark brown spathe that is drawn out into
A. uva-ursi subsp. hookeri ‘Monterey A. balearica, illus. p.347. A. delaetii, syn. A. aureum, A. blandum,
a tail up to 6in (15cm) long, creating a
Carpet’. See A. hookeri ‘Monterey Carpet’. A. montana, illus. p.360. illus. p.488.
mouse-like effect. Z7–9 H9–7.
A. purpurascens, illus. p.351. A. fissum, syn. A. brevipes, illus. p.491.
A. tetraquetra, illus. p.348. A. pearsonii, syn. A. schlechteri, illus.
ARCTOTHECA p.491. ARISTEA
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE A. schlechteri. See A. pearsonii. IRIDACEAE
Genus of creeping perennials. Requires a
ARGEMONE
Prickly poppy Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
position in bright light and fertile, well- ARIOCARPUS rhizomatous perennials, grown for their
drained soil; dislikes humid conditions. PAPAVERACEAE Living rock spikes of blue flowers in spring or summer.
Propagate by seed or division in spring. Genus of robust perennials, most of Prefers a sunny position and well-drained
CACTACEAE
A. calendula, syn. Cryptostemma which are best treated as annuals. Grow soil. Established plants cannot be moved
calendulaceum (Cape dandelion), illus. p.476. Genus of very slow-growing, perennial
in sun and in very well-drained soil satisfactorily. Propagate by seed in fall or
cacti with large, swollen roots. Has
without supports. Deadhead to prolong spring.
flattened, spherical, green stems with
ARCTOTIS the flowering season. Propagate by seed
angular tubercles and tufts of wool. Prefers A. capitata, syn. A. major, A. thyrsiflora,
SYN. x VENIDIOARCTOTIS sown outdoors in late spring. illus. p.393.
full sun and extremely well-drained, lime-
A African daisy A. mexicana, illus. p.321.
rich soil. Is very prone to rotting. Propagate A. ecklonii. Evergreen, clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 12–24in
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE by seed in spring or summer.
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for
ARGYRANTHEMUM A. fissuratus (Living rock). Very slow- (30–60cm), S 8–16in (20–40cm). Has long,
growing, flattened spherical, perennial sword-shaped, tough leaves, overtopped
their flower heads and foliage. Requires full COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Gray in summer by loosely branched spikes of
sun and leafy loam with sharp sand added. Genus of evergreen subshrubs, grown for saucer-shaped, blue flowers, produced in
Propagate by seed in fall or spring or by stem is covered with rough, triangular
their daisylike flowers. Needs full sun and long succession. Z9–10 H10–9.
stem cuttings year-round. tubercles each producing a tuft of wool.
moderately fertile, well-drained soil. A. major. See A. capitata.
A. Harlequin Hybrids, syn. A. x hybrida. Bears pink-red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across,
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer A. thyrsiflora. See A. capitata.
Fairly slow-growing, upright, branching in fall. Z12–15 H11–10.
or root greenwood cuttings in spring.
perennial, usually grown as an annual. A. BUTTERFLY (‘Ulyssis’), illus. p.319.
H and S 18in (45cm). Lance-shaped, lobed A. frutescens, syn. Chrysanthemum ARISAEMA ARISTOLOCHIA
leaves are grayish-green above, white frutescens (Marguerite), illus. p.298.
Birthwort
ARACEAE
below. In summer has large, daisylike A. ‘Jamaica Primrose’, syn. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
flower heads in many shades, including Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
Chrysanthemum frutescens ‘Jamaica their large, curious, hooded spathes, each Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
yellow, orange, bronze, purple, pink, cream Primrose’, illus. p.319. enclosing a pencil-shaped spadix. Forms woody-stemmed, twining and scrambling
and red. ’Bacchus’. has purple flower A. ‘Mary Wootton’, syn. spikes of fleshy, red fruits in fall, before climbers, grown for their foliage and
heads; ’China Rose’ deep pink; Chrysanthemum frutescens ‘Mary dying down. Needs sun or partial shade and flowers. Requires partial shade in
’Sunshine’ yellow; ’Tangerine’ orange-
Wootton’. Evergreen, woody-based, moist but well-drained rich soil. Plant tubers summer and well-drained soil. Water
yellow; and ’Torch’ bronze. Z13–15
bushy perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has 6in (15cm) deep in spring. Propagate by regularly, less when not in full growth.
H11–10.
fernlike, divided, pale green foliage and seed in fall or spring or by offsets in spring. Provide support. Cut back previous
A. x hybrida. See A. Harlequin Hybrids.
bears daisylike, pink flower heads A. atrorubens. See A. triphyllum. season’s growth to 2 or 3 nodes in spring.
A. stoechadifolia. See A. venusta.
throughout summer. Z10–11 H11–1. A. candidissimum, illus. p.422. Propagate by seed in spring or by
A. venusta, syn. A. stoechadifolia (African
A. ‘Summer Melody’, illus. p.300. A. consanguineum, illus. p.393. semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider
daisy). Compact perennial, often grown as
A. griffithii, illus. p.412. mite and whitefly may be a nuisance.
an annual. H 20in (50cm) or more, S 16in
(40cm). Daisylike, creamy-white flower ARGYREIA A. jacquemontii, illus. p.412. A. durior. See A. macrophylla.
A. ringens (Cobra jack). Early spring- A. elegans. See A. littoralis.
heads with blue centers are borne singly CONVOLVULACEAE
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 10–12in A. gigas. See A. grandiflora.
throughout summer and into fall.
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, (25–30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears 2 A. grandiflora, syn. A. gigas (Pelican
Chrysanthemum-like leaves are dark green
closely allied to Ipomoea and grown for erect leaves, each with 3 long-pointed flower, Swan flower). Fast-growing,
above, gray beneath. Z13–15 H11–10.
their showy flowers. Needs full light and lobes, and a widely hooded, green spathe, evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
Arctous alpinus. See Arctostaphylos fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely when enclosing the spadix, that has paler green climber. H 22ft (7m) or more. Leaves are
alpina. in full growth, sparingly at other times. stripes and is edged with dark brown- broadly oval, 6–10in (15–25cm) long. In
Support is needed. Thin out previous purple. Z6–9 H9–6. summer bears large, unpleasant-smelling,
season’s growth in spring. Propagate by tubular, purple-veined, white flowers, each
ARDISIA seed in spring or by softwood or
A. sikokianum, illus. p.408.
with a long tail and expanding at the mouth
A. tortuosum. Summer-flowering,
MYRSINACEAE/PRIMULACEAE greenwood cuttings in summer. Red spider tuberous perennial. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m), into a heart-shaped lip. Z13–15 H11–10.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, mite and whitefly may be troublesome. S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). Each dark green- A. griffithii, syn. Isotrema griffithii.
512 grown for their fruits and foliage. Needs A. nervosa, syn. A. speciosa (Woolly mottled, pale green stem bears 2–3 erect Moderately vigorous, evergreen, woody-
partial shade and rich, well-drained but morning glory). Evergreen, twining leaves, divided into several oval leaflets. stemmed, twining climber. H 15–20ft
ARUNCUS
(5–6m). Deciduous in cold winters. Has tubular, bright yellow flowers, each with Evergreen, bushy perennial, woody at heads in summer. Needs light soil. Z3–7
heart-shaped leaves and tubular, dark red 5 spreading lobes and fading dark spots base. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Has a H7–1. ‘Boughton Silver’, syn. A.
flowers, each with an expanded, spreading at petal bases. Z6–8 H8–6. mass of finely divided, aromatic, silvery- stelleriana ‘Mori’, A. stelleriana ‘Silver
lip, in summer. Z10–11 H11–7. gray leaves. Produces tiny, insignificant, Brocade’, S 3ft (1m), is vigorous and
A. littoralis, syn. A. elegans , illus. p.462. gray flower heads, borne in long panicles, arching in habit. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Mori’. See
A. macrophylla, syn. A. durior, A. sipho,
ARNICA in summer. Needs protection in an exposed A. stelleriana ‘Boughton Silver’. ‘Silver
illus. p.204. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE site. Z4–8 H9–1. Brocade’. See A. stelleriana ‘Boughton
A. sipho. See A. macrophylla. Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown for A. alba ‘Canescens’, syn. A. canescens, A. Silver’.
their large, daisylike flower heads. Is suitable splendens. Semievergreen, bushy perennial.
H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has delicate, ARTHROPODIUM
ARISTOTELIA for large rock gardens. Prefers sun and rich,
well-drained soil. Propagate by division or finely cut, curling, silvery-gray leaves. In
ELAEOCARPACEAE seed in spring. T All parts may cause severe summer, insignificant, yellow flower heads LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
Genus of evergreen shrubs and deciduous discomfort if ingested, and contact with sap are borne on erect, silver stems. Makes Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
trees, grown for their foliage. Needs may aggravate skin allergies. good groundcover. Z4–8 H8–1. flowers. Prefers a position against a sunny,
separate male and female plants in order to A. montana. Tufted, rhizomatous A. arborescens, illus. p.165. ‘Brass sheltered wall in fertile soil. Propagate by
obtain fruits. Needs sun or semi-shade and perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Band’. See A. ‘Powis Castle’.‘Faith division in spring or by seed in spring or
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by Bears narrowly oval to oval, hairy, gray- Raven’ is an evergreen, upright shrub. fall.
semiripe cuttings in summer. green leaves and, in summer, solitary H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Differs from the A. cirratum, syn. A. cirrhatum
A. chilensis, syn. A. macqui. Evergreen, daisylike, golden flower heads, 2in (5cm) species only in that it is hardier. Has finely (Rienga lily, Rock lily). Branching
spreading shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). wide. Prefers acid soil. Z5–8 H8–5. cut, aromatic, silvery-white foliage and, in perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Bears
Leaves are oval, glossy and deep green. summer and early fall, rounded heads of sprays of nodding, shallowly cup-shaped,
Tiny, star-shaped, green flowers are borne small, bright yellow flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. white flowers on wiry stems in early
ARONIA summer. Has a basal tuft of narrowly
in summer, followed by small, spherical, A. assoana. See A. caucasica.
Chokeberry sword-shaped leaves and fleshy roots.
black fruits. Z9–11 H11–7. A. canescens. See A. alba ‘Canescens’.
A. macqui. See A. chilensis. ROSACEAE A. caucasica, syn. A. assoana, A. lanata, Z8–9 H9–8.
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for A. pedemontana. Evergreen or A. cirrhatum. See A. cirratum.
semievergreen, prostrate perennial. H and
ARMERIA their flowers, fruits and colorful fall foliage.
Sea pink, Thrift
Needs sun (for fall color at its best) or semi- S 12in (30cm). Fernlike foliage is densely ARUM
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. covered with silvery-white hairs. Small
PLUMBAGINACEAE ARACEAE
Propagate by softwood or semiripe clusters of small, rounded, yellow flower
Genus of evergreen perennials and, cuttings in summer, by seed sown in fall heads are borne in summer. Suits a rock Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
occasionally, subshrubs, grown for their or by division from early fall to spring. garden or wall. Z5–9 H9–1. their leaves and spathes, each enclosing
tuftlike clumps or rosettes of leaves and A. arbutifolia (Red chokeberry), illus. A. frigida. Semievergreen, mat-forming a pencil-shaped spadix of tiny flowers.
their flower heads. Needs sun and well- p.142. Deciduous shrub, upright when perennial with a woody base. H 12in (30cm) Requires sun or partial shade and moist
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe young, later arching. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft in flower, S 12in (30cm) or more. Bears but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. (1.5m). Clusters of small, white flowers, small, fernlike, aromatic, silky, gray-white in fall or by division in early fall.
A. ‘Bees Ruby’, syn. A. pseudarmeria with red anthers, in late spring, are leaves, divided into many linear lobes. In A. creticum, illus. p.407.
‘Bees Ruby’. Evergreen, clump-forming followed by red berries. Dark green leaves summer produces narrow panicles of small, A. dioscoridis. Spring-flowering,
subshrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Round turn red in fall. Z5–9 H8–4. rounded, yellow flower heads. Z3–8 H8–3. tuberous perennial. H 8–14in (20–35cm),
heads of many small, ruby-red flowers A. melanocarpa, illus. p.128. A. lactiflora, illus. p.216. S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has a sail-like, green A
are produced in summer on stiff stems A. x prunifolia (Purple chokeberry). A. lanata. See A. caucasica. or purple spathe, blotched dark purple,
above narrow, grasslike, dark green Deciduous, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), A. ludoviciana (Western mugwort, surrounding a blackish-purple spadix.
leaves. Z5–7 H9–4. S 8ft (2.5m). Oval, glossy, dark green leaves White sage). Semievergreen, Arrow-shaped, semierect leaves are
A. caespitosa. See A. juniperifolia. redden in fall. Produces star-shaped, white rhizomatous, clump-forming perennial. produced in fall. Needs a sheltered,
A. juniperifolia, syn. A. caespitosa, flowers in late spring and early summer, H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has aromatic, sunny site. Z7–9 H9–7.
illus. p.352. ‘Bevans Variety’ is an followed by spherical, purplish-black fruits. lance-shaped, woolly, silvery-gray leaves A. dracunculus. See Dracunculus vulgaris.
evergreen, densely cushioned subshrub. Z5–9 H9–5. with jagged margins. Bears slender A. italicum ‘Marmoratum’, syn. A.
italicum ‘Pictum’, illus. p.421. ‘Pictum’.
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm). Has narrow, plumes of tiny, grayish-white flower
See A. italicum ‘Marmoratum’.
pointed, mid- to gray-green leaves in loose
ARRHENATHERUM heads in summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Silver
A. pictum. Fall-flowering, tuberous
rosettes. Round heads of small, deep pink Queen’, H 30in (75cm), has densely
Oat grass perennial. H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 6–8in
flowers are borne in late spring and early white-woolly panicles of brownish-yellow
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE (15–20cm). Arrow-shaped, semierect,
summer. Z5–7 H9–4. flower heads from mid-summer to fall.
glossy leaves, with cream veins, appear at
A. latifolia. See A. pseudarmeria. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Valerie Finnis’ illus. p.274.
same time as cowl-like, deep purple-brown
A. maritima. Evergreen, clump-forming and SEDGES. A. pedemontana. See A. caucasica.
spathe and dark purple spadix. Z6–9 H9–6.
perennial or subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 6in A. elatius (False oat grass). subsp. A. pontica (Roman wormwood).
(15cm). Leaves are narrow, grasslike and bulbosum ‘Variegatum’ (False oat grass) Vigorous, upright perennial. H 24in (60cm),
dark green. Stiff stems bear round heads is a loosely tuft-forming, herbaceous, S 8in (20cm). Has aromatic, feathery, silver- ARUNCUS
of many small, white to pink flowers in perennial grass. H 20in (50cm), S 8in green foliage and tall spikes of small, ROSACEAE
summer. Makes a good edging plant. Z3–9 (20cm). Has a basal stem swelling, hairless, grayish flower heads in summer. May
Genus of perennials, grown for their
H9–1. ‘Vindictive’ illus. p.365. gray-green leaves, with white margins, spread. Z4–8 H8–1.
hummocks of broad, fernlike leaves and
A. pseudarmeria, syn. A. latifolia, illus. and open panicles of brownish spikelets A. ‘Powis Castle’, syn. A. arborescens
their plumes of white flowers in summer.
p.336. ‘Bees Ruby’. See A. ‘Bees Ruby’. in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Brass Band’, illus. p.242.
Thrives in full light and any well-drained
A. schmidtiana (Silvermound).
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by division
Semievergreen, hummock-forming
ARNEBIA ARTEMISIA in spring or fall.
perennial with creeping stems. H 3–12in
BORAGINACEAE Wormwood A. dioicus, syn. A. sylvester, Spiraea
(8–30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has fernlike, very
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE aruncus (Goat’s beard), illus. p.436.
Genus of perennials with hairy leaves, finely and deeply cut, silver leaves and, in
‘Kneiffii’ illus. p.231.
suitable for rock gardens and banks. Needs Genus of perennials and spreading, dwarf summer, produces short racemes of small,
A. sylvester. See A. dioicus.
sun and gritty, well-drained soil. Propagate subshrubs and shrubs, some of which are rounded, pale yellow flower heads. Is good
by seed in fall, by root cuttings in winter or evergreen or semievergreen, grown mainly for a large rock garden, wall or bank. Arundinaria anceps. See Yushania
by division in spring. for their fernlike, silvery foliage, which is Needs sandy, peaty soil. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Nana’ anceps.
A. echioides. See A. pulchra. sometimes aromatic. Prefers an open, illus. p.374. Arundinaria auricoma. See Pleioblastus
A. pulchra, syn. A. echioides, sunny, well-drained site; dwarf types A. splendens. See A. alba ‘Canescens’. viridistriatus.
Macrotomia echioides, Echioides benefit from a winter protection of sharp A. stelleriana (Beach wormwood). Arundinaria falconeri. See
longiflorum (Prophet flower). Clump- grit or gravel. Trim lightly in spring. Evergreen, rounded, rhizomatous perennial Himalayacalamus falconeri.
forming perennial. H 9–12in (23–30cm), Propagate by division in spring or fall or by with a woody base. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), Arundinaria fastuosa. See
S 10in (25cm). Leaves are lance-shaped softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer. S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). White-haired, silver Semiarundinaria fastuosa.
to narrowly oval, hairy and light green. A. abrotanum, illus. p.165. leaves are deeply lobed or toothed. Bears Arundinaria fortunei. See Pleioblastus 513
In summer produces loose racemes of A. absinthium ‘Lambrook Silver’. slender sprays of small, yellow flower variegatus.
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ARUNDO
Arundinaria japonica. See Pseudosasa perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm)

japonica. ASCLEPIAS ASPERULA or more. Produces lance-shaped, yellow-
Arundinaria jaunsarensis. See Yushania Milkweed Woodruff spotted, glossy, deep green leaves, 16–
anceps. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE RUBIACEAE 24in (40–60cm) long. Cup-shaped, yellow
Arundinaria murieliae. See Fargesia flowers are borne near ground level, in
Genus of tuberous perennials or Genus of annuals and perennials; some
murieliae. summer–fall. Z10–13 H12–1.
subshrubs, some of which are evergreen, species make good alpine houseplants.
Arundinaria nitida. See Fargesia nitida. A. elatior (Cast-iron plant). Evergreen,
grown for their flowers which attract poll. Most species need sun and well-drained
Arundinaria variegata. See Pleioblastus rhizomatous perennial. H 24in (60cm),
Stems exude milky, white latex when cut. soil with moisture at roots. Dislikes
variegatus. S 18in (45cm). Has upright, narrow,
Hardy species prefer a position in sun and winter wet on crown. Propagate by
pointed-oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings or seed in early
Inconspicuous, cream to purple flowers
ARUNDO division or seed in spring. Tender species summer.
are occasionally produced on short stalks
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE require sun and a moist atmosphere; A. athoa. See A. suberosa.
near soil level. Z7–11 H11–4. ‘Asahi’ has
cut back during periods of growth. A. odorata. See Galium odoratum.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES variegated leaves each with a narrow,
Water very sparingly in low temperatures. A. suberosa, syn. A. athoa, illus. p.362.
and SEDGES. inverted wedge-shaped, white zone
Propagate by tip cuttings or seed in spring.
A. donax (Giant reed). Herbaceous, extending down the leaf from the apex.
T Contact with the milky sap may irritate ASPHODELINE
rhizomatous, perennial grass. H to 20ft Z7–11 H11–4. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.277.
skin.
(6m), S 3ft (1m). Has thick stems that bear Jacob’s rod A. zongbayi ‘Uan Fat Lady’.
A. curassavica (Bloodflower). Evergreen,
broad, floppy, blue-green leaves. Produces LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE Evergreen, rhizomatous perennial. H 20in
bushy, tuberous subshrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
dense, erect panicles of whitish-yellow (50cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Slender
Has narrowly oval leaves, to 6in (15cm) Genus of perennials with thick, fleshy
spikelets in summer. Can be grown in leaf stalks bear broadly oval, wavy-
long. Umbels of small but showy, 5-horned, roots. Requires sun and not over-rich soil.
moist soil. Z6–9 H11–1. var. versicolor, margined, bright green leaves, 8in (20cm)
orange-red flowers, with yellow centers, Propagate by division in early spring,
syn. A. donax ‘Variegata’ illus. p.436. long, speckled with greenish-yellow and
are produced in summer–fall and are taking care not to damage roots, or by
‘Variegata’. See A. donax var. versicolor. with a central, broad, pale stripe. Cup-
followed by narrowly ovoid, pointed seed in fall or spring.
shaped, purple flowers are produced near
fruits, 3in (8cm) long, with silky seeds. A. liburnica. Neat, clump-forming
ground level from late summer to fall.
ASARINA Z9–11 H11–6. perennial. H 10–24in (25–60cm), S 12in
Z11–14 H12–1.
A. hallii. Upright, tuberous perennial. H to (30cm). In spring produces racemes of
SCROPHULARIACEAE/
3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has oblong leaves, to shallowly cup-shaped, yellow flowers on
PLANTAGINACEAE
5in (13cm) long. Umbels of small, 5-horned, slender stems above linear, gray-green ASPLENIUM
Genus of evergreen climbers and dark pink flowers are borne in summer; leaves. Z6–9 H9–6.
perennials, often with scandent stems, ASPLENIACEAE
tightly packed silky seeds are enclosed in A. lutea, illus. p.227.
grown for their flowers. Is herbaceous in narrowly ovoid fruits, to 6in (15cm) long. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
cold climates. Needs full light and well- Z9–11 H11–10. ferns. Plants described prefer partial
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring. A. physocarpa. See Gomphocarpus
ASPHODELUS shade, but A. trichomanes tolerates full
A. barclayana. See Maurandya Asphodel sun. Grow in any moist soil, although
physocarpus.
barclayana. A. syriaca (Common milkweed). Upright, LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE container plants should be cultivated in a
A. erubescens. See Lophospermum tuberous perennial. H and S 3ft (1m) or Genus of spring- or summer-flowering compost that includes chopped sphagnum
erubescens. more. Bears oval leaves, to 8in (20cm) long. annuals and perennials. Requires sun; most moss or coarse peat. Regularly remove
A. procumbens, syn. Antirrhinum Produces umbels of small, 5-horned, prefer fertile, well-drained soil. A. albus any fronds that are fading. Propagate
A asarina, illus. p.371. purplish-pink flowers borne on drooping prefers light, well-drained soil. Propagate by spores or bulbils, if produced, in late
flower stalks in summer, are followed by by division in spring or by seed in fall. summer.
A. bulbiferum (Hen-and-chicken fern,
ASARUM narrowly ovoid fruits, to 6in (15cm) long A. acaulis. Prostrate perennial. H 2in
Mother spleenwort). Semievergreen or
SYN. HEXASTYLIS and filled with silky seeds. Z3–9 H9–2. (5cm), S 9in (23cm). In spring or early
A. tuberosa (Butterflyweed), illus. p.246. summer, stemless, funnel-shaped, flesh- evergreen fern. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in
Wild ginger
pink flowers are produced in the center (30cm). Lance-shaped, finely divided, dark
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE green fronds produce bulbils from which
Genus of rhizomatous perennials, some of
ASIMINA of each cluster of grasslike, mid-green
young plants develop. Z9–11 H11–8.
leaves. Is suitable for an alpine house.
which are evergreen, with pitcher-shaped ANNONACEAE Z9–10 H10–9. A. ceterach, syn. Ceterach officinarum,
flowers carried under kidney- or heart- Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs A. aestivus, syn. A. microcarpus illus. p.293.
shaped leaves. Makes good groundcover, and trees, grown for their foliage and (Asphodel). Upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), A. nidus, illus. p.479.
although leaves may become damaged in flowers. Prefers full sun and fertile, deep, S 1ft (30cm). Dense panicles of star-shaped, A. scolopendrium, syn. Phyllitis
severe weather. Prefers shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by white flowers are borne in late spring. Has scolopendrium, Scolopendrium vulgare,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by layering or root cuttings basal rosettes of upright, then spreading, illus. p.292. Marginatum Group, syn.
division in spring. Self-seeds readily. in winter. grasslike, channeled, leathery, mid-green Phyllitis scolopendrium ‘Marginatum’, illus.
A. caudatum. Evergreen, prostrate, A. triloba (Pawpaw). Deciduous, open leaves. Z7–10 H10–7. p.292.
rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 10in shrub or small tree. H and S 12–25ft (4–8m). A. albus, illus. p.230. A. trichomanes, illus. p.291.
(25cm) or more. Heart-shaped, leathery, Large, oval, mid-green leaves emerge in A. microcarpus. See A. aestivus.
glossy, dark green leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) late spring or early summer, just after, or ASTELIA
across, conceal small, pitcher-shaped, at the same time as, 6-petaled, purplish-
reddish-brown or brownish-purple brown flowers. Edible fruits are small,
ASPIDISTRA ASTELIACEAE
flowers, with tail-like lobes, in early globular and pale green. Leaves turn yellow LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown
summer. Z7–9 Z9–7. in fall. Z6–8 H8–6. Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous mainly for their foliage. Prefers full sun or
A. europaeum, illus. p.375. perennials that spread slowly, grown semi-shade and fertile soil that does not dry
A. hartwegii (Sierra wild ginger). out readily. Propagate by division in spring.
Evergreen, prostrate, rhizomatous
ASPARAGUS mainly for their glossy foliage. Although
A. chathamica, illus. p.242.
very tolerant, is best grown in a cool,
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 10in (25cm) or LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE shady position away from direct sunlight A. nervosa. Clump-forming perennial.
more. Pitcher-shaped, very dark brown, Genus of perennials and scrambling and in well-drained soil. Water frequently H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has long, sword-
almost black, flowers, with tail-like lobes, climbers and shrubs, some of which are when in full growth, less at other times. shaped, arching, silvery-gray leaves, above
are produced in early summer beneath evergreen, grown for their foliage. Grow Propagate by division of rhizomes in which, in summer, rise branching panicles
heart-shaped, silver-marked, mid-green in partial shade or bright light, but not spring. of small, star-shaped, pale brown flowers.
leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) wide. Z2–8 H8–1. direct sun, in any fertile, well-drained A. attenuata. Evergreen, rhizomatous Z8–9 H9–8.
A. shuttleworthii (Shuttleworth ginger). soil. Propagate by seed or division in perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm)
Evergreen, prostrate, rhizomatous spring. or more. Has long-stalked, pointed, ASTER
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 10in (25cm) or A. densiflorus, illus. p.474. ‘Myersii’, elliptic, yellow-spotted, glossy, deep
Michaelmas daisy
more. Has broadly heart-shaped, usually syn. A. meyeri, A. ‘Myers’ (Foxtail fern), green leaves, 18–20in (45–50cm) long.
silver-marked, mid-green leaves, 3in (8cm) illus. p.474. Small, urn-shaped red and yellow flowers COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
across. Bears pitcher-shaped, dark brown A. meyeri. See A. densiflorus ‘Myersii’. are produced at ground level in spring or Genus of perennials and deciduous or
514 flowers, mottled violet inside, in early A. ‘Myers’. See A. densiflorus ‘Myersii’. fall. Z10–13 H12–1. evergreen subshrubs with daisylike flower
summer. Z5–9 H9–1. A. scandens, illus. p.463. A. daibuensis. Evergreen, rhizomatous heads borne in summer-fall. Prefers sun or
ASTILBE
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil, arching sprays of pale pink flower heads. (illus. p.249), H 5ft (1.5m), produces fall. Has small, narrowly oval, bright green
with adequate moisture all summer. Tall Z5–8 H8–1. f. prostratus, H to 8in yellow-centered, bright violet-purple leaves. Z4–7 H8–1. ‘Nanus’, H and S 20in
asters require staking. Propagate by (20cm), S 24in (60cm), makes good flower heads. (50cm), makes a compact dome of blooms.
softwood cuttings in spring or by division groundcover and has tiny, needlelike A. novi-belgii (New York aster). Z4–8 Z4–7 H8–1.
in spring or fall. Some species may suffer leaves and white or pale mauve flower H8–1. ‘Apple Blossom’ (illus. p.249) A. ‘Sunhelene’, illus. p.249. Clump-
from powdery mildew. See also feature heads. Z5–8 H8–1. f. prostratus ‘Snow Vigorous, spreading perennial. H 36in forming, upright, compact perennial.
panel p.249. Flurry’ has pure white flowers; is good (90cm), S 24–30in (60–75cm). Panicles of H 36in (100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has lance-
A. acris. See A. sedifolius. in gravel or in a rock garden. Z5–8 H8–1. single, pale soft pink flowers are borne in shaped, mildew-resistant, mid-green
A. albescens, syn. Microglossa albescens. ‘White Heather’ (illus. p.249) produces fall amid lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. leaves. In late summer and fall, upright,
Deciduous, upright, slender-stemmed long-lasting, neat, white flower heads in ‘Carnival ’ (illus. p.249), H 30in (75cm), branched sprays bear masses of daisylike,
subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has late fall and wire stems that may need S to 18in (45cm), bears double, cerise-red double, blue-mauve flower heads.
narrowly lance-shaped, gray-green leaves support. Z5–8 H8–1. flower heads with yellow centers. Leaves Z4–7 H8–1.
and flattish sprays of lavender-blue flower A. x frikartii ‘Mönch’. Bushy perennial. are dark green. Is prone to mildew. A. thomsonii. Upright perennial. H 3ft
heads, with yellow centers, in mid-summer. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears ‘Chequers’ (illus. p.249), H 36in (90cm), (1m), S 20in (50cm). Produces long-petaled,
Z7–10 H10–7. daisylike, single, soft lavender-blue S 24–30in (60–75cm), has single, purple pale lilac flower heads, freely in fall. Leaves
A. alpinus, illus. p.367. ‘Dark Beauty’. flower heads with yellowish-green flowers. ‘Climax’, H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft are slightly heart-shaped. Z4–8 H8–1.
See A. alpinus ‘Dunkle Schöne’. ‘Dunkle centers continuously from mid-summer (60cm), bears single, light blue flowers. Is ‘Nanus’ is more compact, H 18in (45cm),
Schöne’, syn. A. alpinus ‘Dark Beauty’ is to late fall. Leaves are oval and rough. mildew-resistant. The flower heads of S 9in (23cm). Z4–8 H8–1.
a clump-forming perennial. H 10in May need staking. Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Wunder ‘Fellowship’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm), A. tongolensis (East Indies aster). Mat-
(25cm), S 18in (45cm). Leaves are lance- von Stäfa’ (illus. p.249) has lavender are large, double, and clear, deep pink; forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),
shaped and dark green. Deep purple flowers. Z5–8 H8–1. those of ‘Freda Ballard’ (illus. p.249) S 12in (30cm). Large, lavender-blue
flower heads are borne from mid- to late A. ‘Kylie’. Clump-forming, upright are semidouble and rich rose-red. flower heads, with orange centers,
summer. Is suitable for a rock garden. perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in (45cm). ‘Kristina’, H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm), are borne singly in early summer. Has
Z4–8 H8–1. Has lance-shaped, mildew-resistant, deep- has large, semidouble, white flower heads lance-shaped, hairy, dark green leaves.
A. amellus (Italian aster). ‘King green leaves. In late summer, upright then with yellow centers. ‘Lassie’, H 4ft Z4–8 H8–1.
George’ illus. p.250. ‘Mauve Beauty’ is arching sprays of small, daisylike, clear (1.2m), S 30in (75cm), produces large, A. tradescantii. See A. pilosus var.
a bushy perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). In pastel-pink flower heads are borne in single, clear pink flowers. ‘Little Pink demotus.
fall bears clusters of large, terminal, profusion. Z4–8 H8–1. Beauty’, H 18in (45cm), S 20in (50cm), is A. turbinellus. Clump-forming
daisylike, violet flower heads with yellow A. laevis (Smooth aster). Variable, clump- a good dwarf semidouble, pink cultivar. perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has
centers. Leaves are lance-shaped, coarse forming perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 20in ‘Marie Ballard’ (illus. p.249), H to 3ft lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In late
and mid-green. Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Nocturne’, (50cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mildew- (1m), S to 18in (45cm), has double, mid- summer and fall, upright, wiry, purplish-
H 30in (75cm), has deep lilac flower heads resistant, mid-green leaves. In late summer, blue flowers. Is prone to mildew. green stems bear panicles of daisylike,
with yellow centers. Z5–8 H8–1. upright purplish stems bear abundant ‘Orlando’ (illus. p.249), H 3ft (1m), S to yellow-centered, pale violet flowers.
‘Rudolph Goethe’ with large, violet- sprays of daisylike, pale purple flowers. 18in (45cm), has large, single, bright pink Z4–8 H8–1.
blue flower heads, Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Sonia’ Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Bluebird’ has violet-blue flower heads with golden centers. Leaves
with pink flower heads and Z5–8 flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. are bright green. Mildew may be a
ASTERANTHERA
H8–1. ‘Veilchenkönigin’, syn. A. A. lateriflorus, syn. A. diffusus (Calico problem. ‘Patricia Ballard’, H 4ft
amellus ‘Violet Queen’ with deep violet aster). Branching perennial. H 24in (1.2m), S 30in (75cm), produces GESNERIACEAE
flower heads are other good cultivars. (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears sprays of semidouble, pink flowers. The large, Genus of one species of evergreen, root
Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Violet Queen’. See A. tiny, mauve flower heads, with pinkish- single flowers of ‘Peace’ are mauve; climber. May be grown up mossy tree- A
amellus ‘Veilchenkönigin’. brown centers, in fall. Lance-shaped those of ‘Professor Anton trunks, trained against walls or used as
A. capensis. See Felicia amelloides. leaves are small and dark green. Z4–8 Kippenberg’ (illus. p.249), H 12in groundcover. Needs a dampish, semi-
A. ‘Coombe Fishacre’, illus. p.249. H8–1. var. horizontalis has flower (30cm), S to 18in (45cm), are clear blue shaded position and neutral to slightly
Clump-forming, upright perennial. H to heads that are sometimes tinged pink, with yellow centers; and those of acid soil. Propagate by tip cuttings in
36in (90cm), S 14in (35cm). Has lance- with darker pink centers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Raspberry Ripple’ H 30in (75cm), summer or by stem cuttings in late
shaped, mid-green leaves. In late summer, ‘Lady in Black’, H 4ft (1.2m), has bronze- S 24in (60cm), are smaller and reddish- summer or early fall.
erect stems bear masses of daisylike, purple leaves and yellow-centered, white violet. ‘Royal Ruby’, H and S to 18in A. ovata. Evergreen, root climber with
pinkish-mauve flower heads with yellow flower heads and retains its leaf coloring (45cm), bears semidouble, rich red flower stems covered in white hairs. H to 12ft (4m).
centers that age to red. Z4–8 H8–1. well during growing season. Z4–8 H8–1. heads with yellow centers. Is prone to Has small, oblong, toothed leaves. Tubular,
A. cordifolius ‘Silver Spray’, illus. ‘Prince’, H 20in (50cm), has bronze-purple mildew. ‘Royal Velvet’, H 4ft (1.2m), reddish-pink flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) long,
p.249. Bushy perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft leaves, which fade to dark green, and S 30in (75cm), has single, deep often with yellow-striped, lower lips, are
(1m). Dense, arching stems bear sprays of small, pink-centered, white flower heads. violet flowers. ‘Sandford White Swan’, borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils in
small, pink-tinged, white flower heads in Z4–8 H8–1. H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm), bears white summer. Z8–9 H9–8.
fall. Mid-green leaves are lance-shaped. A. linosyris, illus. p.254. flower heads.
Needs staking. Z5–8 H8–1. A. ‘Photograph’, illus. p.249. Clump-
A. ‘Little Carlow’, illus. p.249. Clump-
ASTILBE
A. diffusus. See A. lateriflorus. forming, upright perennial. H 48in forming, upright, compact perennial.
A. divaricatus (White wood aster), (120cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has heart-shaped, SAXIFRAGACEAE
illus. p.249. Spreading, upright perennial. mildew-resistant, deep-green leaves. In mid-green leaves. In fall, upright then Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has pointed, fall, upright sprays bear masses of arching, branched sprays bear masses grown for their panicles of flowers that
oval, toothed, glossy, dark green leaves. daisylike, bright mauve-blue flower of daisylike, glowing violet-blue flower remain handsome even when dried
In late summer, purplish-black, wiry, heads. Z4–9 H9–1. heads. Z4–8 H8–1. brown in winter. Is suitable for borders
branching, arching stems bear daisylike, A. novae-angliae (New England aster). A. pilosus var. demotus, syn. A. and rock gardens. Needs partial shade
white flower heads. Is best in shade, Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Andenken an Alma tradescantii. Erect perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), for most species, and rich, moist soil.
where it makes good groundcover. Pötschke’ Vigorous, upright perennial. S 20in (50cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green Leave undisturbed if possible, and
Z4–8 H9–1. H 30in (75cm), S to 24in (60cm). In fall leaves. In fall, clusters of small, white give a spring mulch of well-rotted
A. ericoides (Heath aster). Clump- produces clusters of single, pink flower flower heads appear on wiry, leafy stems compost. Propagate species by seed
forming, bushy perennial. H 3ft (1m), heads on stiff stems. Has lance-shaped, and provide a good foil to bright, fall leaf sown in fall; others by division in
S 12in (30cm). From late summer to late rough leaves. May need staking. colors. Z5–9 H9–1. spring or fall.
fall produces daisylike, yellow-centered, ‘Autumn Snow’. See A. novae-angliae A. ‘Ringdove’. Clump-forming, upright, A. ‘Amethyst’ (x arendsii hybrid), illus.
white flower heads, sometimes shaded ‘Herbstschnee’. ‘Barr’s Pink’ bears compact perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). p.232. Clump-forming perennial. H and
pink or blue, in lax panicles. Has small, semidouble, bright rose-pink flower Has narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green S 3ft (1m). Tiny, star-shaped, vivid purple
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and heads in summer–fall. ‘Harrington’s leaves. In fall, upright then arching, flowers are borne in long, rather open,
slender, freely branched stems. Z5–8 Pink’, (illus. p.249), H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), branched sprays bear masses of small, slightly arching panicles in mid-summer
H8–1. ‘Blue Star’, H 32in (80cm), has has single, clear pink flower heads with daisylike, yellow-centered, soft lilac flower above sharply divided, matt, dark green
soft mauve-blue ray florets. Z5–8 H8–1. yellow centers. ‘Herbstschnee’, syn. A. heads. Z4–8 H8–1. leaves. Is good towards the back of a
‘Golden Spray’ (illus. p.249) produces novae-angliae ‘Autumn Snow’, H 21/2– A. sedifolius, syn. A. acris. Bushy border. Z4–8 H8–2.
pink-tinged, white flower heads, with 31/2ft (75cm–1.1m), are white with yellow perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces A. ‘Beauty of Ernst’ (x arendsii hybrid).
golden-yellow centers. Z5–8 H8–1. ‘Pink centers. ‘Rosa Sieger’ (illus. p.249), H 4ft clusters of almost star-shaped, lavender- Clump-forming perennial. H 10–12in 515
Cloud’, H 32in (80cm), is vigorous, with (1.2m), has pink flower heads. ‘Violetta’ blue flower heads, with yellow centers, in (25–30cm), S 18in (45cm). Compact, oval,
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ASTILBE
sharply divided, vivid green leaves Oval, densely packed panicles of tiny, A. ‘Rheinland’ (japonica hybrid). Clump- A. asterias, syn. Echinocactus asterias
become increasingly tinted wine-red star-shaped, pale purplish pink flowers forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 18in (Sea urchin, Silver dollar cactus). Slow-
and purple, then develop fiery fall are borne in mid-summer. Has oval, (45cm). Compact, conical, upright panicles growing, slightly domed, perennial
colors. Tiny, star-shaped, pale pink sharply divided, glossy, very dark of tiny, star-shaped, deep pink flowers are cactus. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 4in (10cm).
flowers, maturing to apricot, are borne green leaves. Z4–8 H8–2. produced in early and mid-summer above Spineless stem has about 8 low ribs
in open sprays in early summer. A. ‘Europa’ (japonica hybrid), illus. conspicuously divided, mid-green leaves. bearing small, tufted areoles. Produces
Z4–8 H8–1. p.232. Early-flowering, clump-forming Z4–8 H8–2. bright yellow flowers, to 21/2in (6cm)
A. ‘Brautschleier’ (x arendsii hybrid), perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). A. simplicifolia ‘Gnom’. See A. ‘Gnom’. across, in summer. Z13–15 H11–10.
syn. A. ‘Bridal Veil’. Clump-forming In early summer produces tiny, star- A. ‘Sprite’, illus. p.232. Clump-forming, A. myriostigma, syn. Echinocactus
perennial. H and S 30in (75cm). shaped, unusually broad-petaled, pale dwarf, leafy perennial. H 20in (50cm), myriostigma, illus. p.494.
Conical plumes of tiny, star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers in dense panicles. S to 3ft (1m). Has feathery, tapering A. ornatum, syn. Echinocactus ornatus,
white flowers open in mid-summer Has oval, sharply divided, glossy, mid- panicles of tiny, star-shaped, shell-pink illus. p.495.
from bright green buds then fade to green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers in summer, borne above broad
cream. Oval, sharply divided leaves are A. ‘Fanal’, illus. p.439. leaves divided into narrowly oval, Asystasia bella. See Mackaya bella.
glossy and bright green. Is less A. ‘Feuer’ (x arendsii hybrid), syn. toothed leaflets. Z4–8 H8–1.
vigorous than many taller cultivars. A. ‘Fire’, illus. p.232. Clump-forming A. ‘Straussenfeder’, syn. A. ‘Ostrich ATHEROSPERMA
Z3–8 H8–2. perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Conical Plume’, illus. p.232. Leafy perennial. H
A. ‘Bressingham Beauty’. Leafy, plumes of tiny, star-shaped, rich purplish- and S to 3ft (1m). Has divided leaves. ATHEROSPERMATACEAE/
clump-forming perennial. H and S to red flowers are borne in early summer Arching, feathery, tapering plumes of MONIMIACEAE
3ft (1m). In summer bears feathery, above oval, sharply divided, glossy, bright tiny, coral-pink flowers are produced in Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
tapering panicles of small, star-shaped, green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. summer; dry, brown flowers remain on their foliage and flowers in summer.
rich pink flowers on strong stems. Broad A. ‘Fire’. See A. ‘Feuer’. plant well into winter. Z3–8 H8–2. Needs full light or partial shade and well-
leaves are divided into oblong to oval, A. glaberrima var. saxatilis. Mound- A. ‘Venus’, illus. p.234. drained soil. Water container specimens
toothed leaflets. Z3–8 H8–2. forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), A. ‘Willie Buchanan’ (simplicifolia moderately, less in winter. Pruning is
A. ‘Bridal Veil’. See A. ‘Brautschleier’. S 6in (15cm). In summer produces tiny, hybrid). Clump-forming perennial. tolerated if necessary. Propagate by
A. ‘Bronce Elegans’ (simplicifolia star-shaped, white-tipped, mauve H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
hybrid). Compact, clump-forming flowers in short spikes. Oval, sharply neat clumps of divided, red- or bronze- in summer.
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 10in (25cm). divided, glossy, deeply toothed, dark tinted, green leaves. Loose, conical sprays A. moschatum (Australian sassafras,
Pyramidal, slightly drooping panicles of green leaves are tinted red underneath. of tiny, star-shaped, pale pink flowers, with Tasmanian sassafras). Evergreen,
tiny, star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers Thrives in consistently moist soil. white petals, are borne in mid- and late spreading tree, conical when young. H 50–
are borne in late summer on reddish Z3–8 H8–1. summer. Z4–8 H8–1. 80ft (15–25m), S 15–30ft (5–10m). Has lance-
stems. Oval, sharply divided, dark green A. ‘Gnom’, syn. A. simplicifolia ‘Gnom’. shaped, nutmeg-scented, glossy leaves,
leaves slowly turn to reddish-purple. Arching, clump-forming, slender- ASTILBOIDES slightly toothed and covered with white
Z4–8 H8–2. stemmed perennial. H 6in (15cm), down beneath. Produces small, saucer-
A. ‘Bumalda’ (x arendsii hybrid). S 4in (10cm). Has oval, deeply lobed or SAXIFRAGACEAE
shaped, creamy-white flowers in summer.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 30in cut, crimped, reddish-green leaves in a Genus of one species of hardy perennial, Z9–11 H11–9.
(75cm). Tiny, star-shaped, bright white basal rosette. Produces dense racemes grown for its foliage, which turns reddish
flowers are borne in open panicles in of tiny, star-shaped, pink flowers in in fall. Needs partial shade and moist but
mid-summer. Has more or less oval, summer. Is good for a shaded, moist rock well-drained soil. Propagate by division or ATHROTAXIS
A jaggedly toothed, red-tinted, bronze garden or peat bed. Self-seeds in damp seed in fall. Tasmanian cedar
leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. places but will not come true. Z4–8 H8–2. A. tabularis, syn. Rodgersia tabularis, TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE
A. chinensis var. pumila Clump- A. ‘Granat’, illus. p.232. Clump-forming, illus. p.435.
Genus of conifers with awl-shaped
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), leafy perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S to 3ft (1m).
leaves that clasp stems. See also
S 8in (20cm). Lower two-thirds of flower Produces pyramidal trusses of tiny, star-
ASTRANTIA CONIFERS.
stem bears deeply dissected, coarse, shaped, deep red flowers in summer above
Masterwort A. selaginoides (King William pine).
toothed, hairy, dark green leaves. broad, bronze-flushed, rich green leaves,
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE Irregularly conical conifer. H 50ft (15m)
Dense, fluffy spikes of tiny, star-shaped, which are divided into oblong to oval,
or more, S 15ft (5m). Has tiny, thick-
deep raspberry-red flowers appear in toothed leaflets. Z4–8 H8–2. Genus of perennials, widely used in
textured, loosely overlapping, dark
summer. Is good for a shaded, moist A. ‘Irrlicht’, illus. p.232. Leafy flower arrangements. Requires sun or
green leaves and insignificant, globular
rock garden. Z4–8 H8–2. var. taquetii perennial. H 11/2–2ft (45–60cm), S to 3ft semi-shade and well-drained soil.
cones. Z8–9 H9–8.
‘Superba’, H and S 41/2ft (1.3m), is (1m). Bears tapering, feathery plumes of Propagate by division in spring or by
vigorous and has narrow, upright tiny, white flowers in summer. Foliage is seed when fresh, in late summer.
spikes of vivid magenta-purple flowers. dark green and flowers remain on the A. major (Masterwort). Clump-forming ATHYRIUM
‘Vision in Red’, H 28in (70cm), S 26in plant, dried and brown, well into winter. perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). ATHYRIACEAE/WOODSIACEAE
(65cm), has a vigorous, upright habit, very Z4–9 H8–2. Produces greenish-white, sometimes
Genus of deciduous or, occasionally,
dark, slightly metallic green leaves and A. ‘Koln’ (japonica hybrid). Clump- pink-tinged flower heads throughout
semievergreen ferns. Needs shade
strong, dark purple stems and leaf stalks forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in summer–fall above a dense mass of
divided, mid-green leaves. Z4–7 H7–1. and rich, moist soil. Remove fading
bearing purple flowers. (45cm). Panicles of tiny, star-shaped,
A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’, syn. A. ‘Perkeo’, deep pink flowers are borne in mid- subsp. carinthiaca. See A. major fronds regularly. Propagate by spores
illus. p.339. summer. Oval, sharply divided, dark subsp. involucrata ‘Hadspen Blood’ in late summer or by division in fall or
A. ‘Deutschland’ (japonica hybrid), illus. green leaves are tinted bronze or deep has dark red bracts and flowers. winter.
p.232. Early-flowering, slow-spreading, red. Z4–8 H8–2. subsp. involucrata, syn. A. major A. filix-femina (Lady fern). Deciduous
clump-forming, robust perennial. H 20in A. ‘Montgomery’, illus. p.232. Leafy subsp. carinthiaca has pink-tinged fern. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 1–3ft (30cm–
(50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, sharply perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S to 3ft (1m). flowerheads with long bracts through 1m). Dainty, lance-shaped, much-divided,
divided, bright green leaves. Slightly Bears tapering, feathery plumes of tiny, summer. ‘Roma’, illus. p.278. ‘Ruby arching fronds are pale green. Has very
arching panicles of tiny, star-shaped, deep salmon-red flowers in summer. Wedding’, illus. p.238. variable frond dissection. Z4–9 H9–1.
white flowers are produced in late spring. Foliage is broad and divided into leaflets; A. maxima, illus. p.278. A. ‘Ghost’, illus. p.290.
Z4–9 H8–2. flowers, brown when dried, remain on the A. goeringianum. See A. niponicum.
A. ‘Dusseldorf’ (japonica hybrid). plant well into winter. Z3–8 H8–2. A. niponicum, syn. A. goeringianum,
ASTROPHYTUM A. nipponicum (Japanese painted fern).
Tightly clump-forming perennial. A. ‘Ostrich Plume’. See A.
H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces ‘Straussenfeder’. CACTACEAE var. pictum ‘Burgundy Lace’
neat, regular panicles of tiny, star-shaped, A. ‘Perkeo’. See A. x crispa ‘Perkeo’. Genus of slow-growing, perennial cacti, illus. p.290.
salmon-pink flowers in mid-summer A. ‘Professor van der Wielen’ grown for their freely produced, flattish, A. nipponicum. See A. niponicum.
above oval, sharply divided, slightly (thunbergii hybrid). Clump-forming yellow flowers, some with red centers. A. otophorum. Semievergreen
bronze- or deep-red tinted, dark green perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Arching Frost tender, min. 41°F (5°C). Prefers fern. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
leaves. Z4–8 H8–2. sprays of tiny, star-shaped, pure white sun and very well-drained, lime-rich arching, broadly ovate, divided, mid-
A. ELIZABETH BLOOM (‘Eliblo’) (x arendsii flowers are borne in early summer above soil. Allow to dry completely in winter. green or purple-tinged fronds, 18–30in
516 hybrid). Vigorous, clump-forming oval, sharply divided, fresh green leaves. Is prone to rot if wet. Propagate by seed (45–75cm) long. Stalk and midrib are
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). Z4–8 H8–2. sown in spring or summer. deep wine-purple. Z5–8 H8–2.
BALLOTA
B
S 8ft (2.5m). Has sturdy, green shoots and reducing light in water beneath. Grows
ATRIPLEX glossy, dark green leaves. Small, purplish in sun or shade. If not kept in check, may
CHENOPODIACEAE/AMARANTHACEAE flowers in mid-spring are followed on be invasive; reduce spread by removing
female plants by rounded to egg-shaped, portions with a net. Propagate by
Genus of annuals, perennials and
bright red berries. Z6–10 H11–6. redistributing clusters of plantlets
evergreen or semievergreen shrubs,
grown for their foliage. Grows well by
‘Crotonifolia’, H 6ft (2m), S 6ft (2m), has when they appear. BABIANA
leaves heavily mottled yellow. ‘Gold Dust’ A. caroliniana. See A. filiculoides. Baboon flower
the coast. Needs full sun and well-drained
has gold-speckled, dark green leaves. A. filiculoides, syn. A. caroliniana
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in IRIDACEAE
‘Picturata’ the bright green leaves (male) (Fairy moss, Water fern). Deciduous,
summer or by seed in fall. Genus of spring- and early summer-
each have a central, golden blotch. Some perennial, floating water fern. S
A. halimus (Tree purslane). flowering corms, grown for their brightly
plants of ‘Crotonifolia’ and ‘Picturata’ are indefinite. Divided fronds vary from
Semievergreen, bushy shrub. H 6ft (2m), colored flowers, which are somewhat like
known to be female and have produced red to purple in full sun and from pale
S 10ft (3m). Oval leaves are silvery-gray. freesias. Requires a position in sun and
fruits. green to blue-green in shade. Z7–11
Produces flowers very rarely. Z7–9 H9–7. well-drained soil. Propagate in fall by seed
H11–1.
A. hortensis var. rubra (Red mountain or natural division of corms.
spinach, Red orach). Fast-growing, AURINIA B. disticha. See B. fragrans.
erect annual. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm).
BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE
AZORELLA B. fragrans, syn. B. disticha, B. plicata.
Triangular, deep red leaves, to 6in (15cm) UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE Spring-flowering corm. H 4–8in (10–20cm),
long, are edible. Bears insignificant Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
Genus of evergreen, tufted or spreading S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has a fan of lance-shaped,
flowers in summer. Z7–9 H9–7. for their gray-green foliage and showy
perennials, grown for their flowers and erect, basal leaves and short spikes of
flower sprays. Is suitable for rock gardens,
neat, rosetted foliage. Is useful as an funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers, 11/2–2in
walls and banks. Needs sun and well-
AUBRIETA drained soil. Propagate by softwood or alpine house plant. Thrives in full light (4–5cm) long, with yellow-patched petals.
Aubretia and well-drained soil. Propagate by Z13–15 H12–10.
greenwood cuttings in early summer or
division in spring. B. plicata. See B. fragrans.
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE by seed in fall.
A. nivalis. See A. trifurcata. B. rubrocyanea (Winecups), illus. p.418.
Genus of evergreen, trailing and mound- A. saxatilis, syn. Alyssum saxatile, illus.
A. trifurcata, syn. A. nivalis, illus. p.376. B. stricta. Spring-flowering corm.
forming perennials. Is useful on dry p.335. ‘Citrina’ illus. p.335. ‘Dudley
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
banks, walls and in rock gardens. Nevill’ is an evergreen, clump-forming
Produces a fan of narrowly lance-shaped,
Thrives in a sunny position and in any perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm). AZORINA erect, basal leaves and short spikes of up
well-drained soil. To maintain a compact Has oval, hairy, gray-green leaves and, in
CAMPANULACEAE to 10 funnel-shaped, purple, blue, cream
shape, cut back hard after flowering. late spring and early summer, produces
Genus of one species of erect, evergreen or pale yellow flowers, 1–11/2in (2.5–4cm)
Propagate by greenwood cuttings in racemes of many small, 4-petaled, buff-
shrub with bell-shaped flowers. Needs long and sometimes red-centered. Z13–15
summer or by semiripe cuttings in late yellow flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Variegata’
full light and fertile, moist but well- H11–10.
summer or fall. illus. p.335.
drained soil. Propagate by seed in
A. ‘Carnival’. See A. ‘Hartswood Purple’.
spring or by softwood or semiripe BACCHARIS
A. ‘Cobalt Violet’. Evergreen, AUSTROCEDRUS cuttings in summer.
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),
A. vidalii, syn. Campanula vidalii,
S 8in (20cm). Has small, soft green leaves.
CUPRESSACEAE
illus. p.453. Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly
Single, blue-violet flowers are borne Genus of conifers with flattish sprays of
fall-flowering shrubs, grown for their
in short, terminal spikes in spring. scalelike leaves. See also CONIFERS. Azureocereus. See Browningia.
Z5–7 H7–5. A. chilensis, syn. Libocedrus chilensis, Azureocereus hertlingianus. See
foliage and fruits. Is useful for exposed,
coastal gardens and dry soil. Requires a
B
A. deltoidea ‘Argenteovariegata’, illus. p.100. Browningia hertlingiana. position in full sun and well-drained soil.
illus. p.354. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer.
Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica.
A. ‘Doctor Mules’. Vigorous, evergreen, B. halimifolia (Bush groundsel).
See Opuntia cylindrica.
mound-forming perennial. H 2–3in (5–8cm), Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub.
Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii.
S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, toothed, soft H and S 12ft (4m). Has oval, sharply
See Opuntia verschaffeltii.
green leaves and, in spring, large, single, toothed, gray-green leaves. Large clusters
Avena candida. See Helictotrichon
rich purple flowers on short spikes. of tiny, white flower heads in mid-fall are
Z5–7 H7–5. sempervirens.
Avena sempervirens. See Helictotrichon followed by fluffy, white heads of tiny
A. ‘Greencourt Purple’, illus. p.354. fruits. Z3–7 H7–1.
A. ‘Gurgedyke’. Evergreen, mound- sempervirens.
forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in Bahia lanata. See Eriophyllum lanatum.
(20cm). Bears rounded, toothed, soft green AZARA
leaves. Produces 4-petaled, deep purple
FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE BALDELLIA
flowers in spring. Z5–7 H7–5.
A. ‘Hartswood Purple’, syn. A. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, ALISMATACEAE
‘Carnival’. Vigorous, evergreen, grown for their foliage and for their yellow Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), flowers, which are composed of a mass of perennial, bog plants and submerged
S 12in (30cm). Has small, soft green stamens. Where marginally hardy, plants water plants, grown for their foliage.
leaves and many short spikes of large, are best grown against a south- or west- Prefers a position in sun, but tolerates
single, violet-purple flowers borne in facing wall for added protection. Grows shade. Remove fading foliage and excess
spring. Z5–7 H7–5. in sun or shade and in fertile, well-drained growth as required. Propagate by division
A. ‘J.S. Baker’, illus. p.354. soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in in spring or summer.
A. ‘Joy’, illus. p.353. summer. B. ranunculoides, syn. Alisma
A. ‘Purple Charm’, illus. p.355. A. lanceolata. Evergreen, bushy shrub ranunculoides, Echinodorus ranunculoides.
or spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has Deciduous, perennial, bog plant or
narrowly oval, sharply toothed, bright submerged water plant. H 9in (23cm),
AUCUBA green leaves. Has small, rounded clusters S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
CORNACEAE/GARRYACEAE of pale yellow flowers in late spring or leaves and, in summer, umbels of small,
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for early summer. Z8–10 H11–10. 3–parted, pink or white flowers with basal,
their foliage and fruits. To obtain fruits, A. microphylla, illus. p.118. ‘Variegata’ yellow marks. Z5–8 H8–5.
grow both male and female plants. Makes illus. p.119.
A. serrata, illus. p.195.
good houseplants when kept in a cool,
BALLOTA
shaded position. Tolerates full sun
LABIATEA/LAMIACEAE
through to dense shade. Grow in any but AZOLLA
waterlogged soil. To restrict growth, cut Genus of perennials and evergreen or
old shoots back hard in spring. Propagate AZOLLACEAE deciduous subshrubs, grown for their
by semiripe cuttings taken in summer. Genus of deciduous, perennial, floating foliage and flowers. Requires very well-
A. japonica (Japanese aucuba). water ferns, grown for their foliage drained soil and full sun. Cut back in 517
Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub. H and and also to control algal growth by spring before growth starts. Propagate
www.ebook777.com
BAMBUSA
by semiripe cuttings in summer. but not very dry soil. Propagate by seed
B. acetabulosa, illus. p.165. or division in spring. May be invasive in BAUERA BEGONIA
B. pseudodictamnus (False dittany), parts of North America. CUNONIACEAE BEGONIACEAE
illus. p.347. B. vulgaris (Winter Cress, Yellow rocket).
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Variegata’ is a rosette-
for their flowers. Needs full sun and rich, and small, treelike plants, perennials and
forming perennial. H 10–18in (25–45cm),
BAMBUSA S to 9in (23cm). Has long, toothed, glossy
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water annuals, grown for their colorful flowers
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE container plants moderately, less when and/or ornamental leaves. Prefers slightly
leaves, blotched with cream. Produces
not in full growth. Remove straggly stems acidic soil. Is susceptible to powdery
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES heads of small, silvery-yellow flowers in
after flowering. Propagate by seed in mildew and botrytis from late spring to
and SEDGES. early summer. Z4–9 H9–1.
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late early fall. Commonly cultivated begonias
B. glaucescens. See B. multiplex.
summer. are divided into the following groupings,
B. multiplex, syn. B. glaucescens (Hedge
bamboo). Evergreen, clump-forming
BARLERIA B. rubioides. Evergreen, bushy, wiry- each with varying cultivation requirements.
ACANTHACEAE stemmed shrub, usually of spreading habit. See also feature panel p.317.
bamboo. H to 50ft (15m), S indefinite. Has
narrow leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Is Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials, H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Leaves each have Cane-stemmed begonias
useful for a hedge or windbreak. Z8–11 grown for their flowers. Needs full light 3 oval to lance-shaped, glossy leaflets. Evergreen, woody perennials, many known
H11–1. or partial shade and fertile soil. Water Bowl-shaped, pink or white flowers are as “Angelwings,” with usually erect, cane-
container plants well when in full growth, borne in early spring and summer. Z13–15 like stems bearing regularly spaced,
moderately at other times. In the growing H11–1. swollen nodes and flowers in large,
BANKSIA season, prune tips of young plants to pendulous panicles. Encourage branching
PROTEACEAE encourage branching. For a more compact
habit, shorten long stems after flowering.
BAUHINIA by pinching out growing tips. New growth
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, develops from base of plant. Grow under
May be propagated by seed in spring or by
Orchid tree
grown for their flowers and foliage. glass in good light but not direct sun (poor
Requires full light and sharply drained, greenwood or semiripe cuttings in summer. LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE light reduces quantity of flowers) and in
sandy soil that contains little phosphate B. cristata (Philippine violet). Evergreen, Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or free-draining, soil-based potting mix. Stake
or nitrate. Water container plants semierect shrub. H and S 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m). deciduous trees, shrubs and scandent tall plants. Propagate in spring by seed or
moderately when in full growth, Has elliptic, coarsely haired leaves. Tubular, climbers, grown for their flowers. Requires tip cuttings.
light violet flowers, sometimes pale pink or
sparingly at other times. Freely ventilate full light and fertile, well-drained soil. Rex-cultorum begonias
white, are produced from upper leaf axils
plants grown under glass. Propagate Water container specimens freely when Mostly evergreen, rhizomatous perennials
in summer. Z10–11 H11–10.
by seed in spring. in full growth, less in winter. Thin out of variable habit derived from crosses of
B. obtusa. Evergreen, erect, spreading
B. baxteri. Evergreen, spreading, open congested growth after flowering. B. rex and related species. They are grown
shrub. H and S to 3ft (1m). Leaves are
shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leathery, Propagate by seed in spring. for their brilliantly colored, oval to lance-
elliptic. Tubular, mauve flowers are
mid-green leaves are strap-shaped, cut B. galpinii, syn. B. punctata (Red shaped leaves, 3–12in (8–30cm) long, that
produced from upper leaf axils in winter–
from the midrib into triangular, sharply bauhinia). Semievergreen or evergreen, are sometimes spirally twisted. Prefer
spring. Z9–12 H12–9.
pointed lobes. Produces dense, spherical spreading shrub, occasionally semi- 40–75% relative humidity. Grow under
heads of small, tubular, yellow flowers in Barosma pulchella. See Agathosma climbing. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2m). Has glass in cool climates, in partial shade
summer. Z10–11 H11–10. pulchella. 2-lobed leaves and, in summer, fragrant, and well-drained soil; water only sparingly.
B. coccinea, illus. p.456. bright brick-red flowers. Z13–15 H11–10. Do not allow water to remain on the leaves,
B. ericifolia (Heath banksia). Evergreen,
BARTLETTINA B. punctata. See B. galpinii. otherwise they become susceptible to
B irregularly rounded, wiry, freely branching
shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Has small, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
B. variegata, illus. p.450. ‘Candida’ botrytis. Propagate in spring by seed,
is a deciduous tree, rounded when leaf cuttings or division of rhizomes.
needlelike leaves and dense, upright, Genus of perennials, subshrubs and young, spreading with age. H 8ft (2m),
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4–6in (10–15cm) shrubs, many of which are evergreen, Rhizomatous begonias
S 10ft (3m). Has broadly oval, deeply
long, of small, tubular, bronze-red or grown mainly for their flowers, some also Variable, mostly evergreen, rhizomatous
notched leaves and fragrant, pure
yellow flowers in late winter and spring. for their architectural foliage. Requires perennials, grown for their foliage and
white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in
Z10–11 H11–10. full light or partial shade. Will grow in small, single flowers. Smooth, crested or
winter–spring or sometimes later.
B. serrata. Evergreen, bushy, upright any conditions, although most species puckered, green or brown leaves, 3–12in
Z13–15 H11–10.
shrub or tree. H 10–30ft (3–10m), S 5–10ft prefer moist but well-drained soil. Water (8–30cm) long, often marked silver, are
(1.5–3m). Oblong to lance-shaped, saw- container plants freely when in full x Beallara Eurostar gx. See x Aliceara sometimes spirally twisted. Creeping
toothed, leathery leaves are mid- to deep growth, moderately at other times. Prune Eurostar gx. cultivars are more freely branched than
green. Small, tubular, reddish-budded, shrubs lightly after flowering or in spring. erect ones and are useful for hanging
cream flowers are borne in dense, upright, baskets. Prefer 40–75% relative humidity.
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4–6in (10–15cm)
Propagate by seed in spring; shrubs and BEAUCARNEA Grow under glass in cool climates, in
subshrubs may also be propagated by
long, from spring to late summer. Z10–11 softwood or greenwood cuttings in AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE partial shade and well-drained soil; water
H11–10. summer, perennials by division in early Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, only sparingly. Do not allow water to
spring or fall. Red spider mite and whitefly grown mainly for their intriguing overall remain on the leaves, otherwise they
become susceptible to botrytis. Propagate
BAPTISIA may be troublesome. appearance. Needs full light and sharply
in spring by seed, leaf cuttings or division
False indigo B. sordida, syn. Eupatorium ianthinum, drained, fertile soil; drought conditions are
Eupatorium sordidum. Evergreen, rounded, of rhizomes.
tolerated. Water container specimens
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE robust stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft moderately; allow potting mix almost to Semperflorens begonias
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, (1–2m). Oval, serrated, deep green leaves dry out between waterings. Propagate by Evergreen, bushy perennials, derived from
grown for their flowers. Requires full sun are red haired. Produces fragrant, seed or suckers in spring or by stem-tip B. cucullata var. hookeri, B. schmidtiana and
and deep, well-drained, preferably neutral pomponlike, violet-purple flower heads in cuttings in summer. other species, often grown as half-hardy
to acidic soil. Is best not disturbed once flattened clusters, 4in (10cm) wide, mainly bedding annuals. Stems are soft, succulent
B. recurvata, syn. Nolina recurvata,
planted. Propagate by division in early in winter. Z13–15 H12–1. and branch freely, bearing generally
Nolina tuberculata, illus. p.451.
spring or by seed in fall. rounded, green, bronze or variegated
Bartonia aurea. See Mentzelia lindleyi.
B. australis, illus. p.240. leaves, 2in (5cm) long. Flowers are single
BEAUMONTIA or double. Pinch out growing tips to
Barbacenia elegans. See Vellozia
BASSIA APOCYNACEAE produce bushy plants. Needs sun or partial
elegans.
SYN. KOCHIA shade and well-drained soil. Propagate in
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
CHENOPODIACEAE twining climbers, grown for their large, spring by seed or stem cuttings.
BARBAREA Genus of annuals and perennials, grown fragrant flowers and handsome leaves. Shrublike begonias
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE for their habit, the feathery effect of their Requires fertile, well-drained soil and full Evergreen, multistemmed, bushy
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, leaves and their fall tints. Does best in sun light. Water freely in growing season, perennials, usually freely branched with
biennials and annuals. Most species are and in fertile, well-drained soil. May require sparingly at other times. Provide support. flexible, erect or pendent stems, often hairy.
weeds or winter salad plants, but the support in very windy areas. Propagate Thin out previous season’s growth after Leaves may be hairy or glabrous and up to
variegated form of B. vulgaris is grown by seed sown under glass in early to mid- flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings 6in (15cm) across, 4–12in (10–30cm) long.
518 for decorative purposes. Grows in a sunny spring, or outdoors in late spring. in late summer. Single flowers are pink, cream or white.
or shady position and in any well-drained B. scoparia f. trichophylla, illus. p.316. B. grandiflora, illus. p.459. Prefer 55% relative humidity. Grow under
BEGONIA
glass in good light and moist but well- creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8–12in stems bear oval, slightly waxy, mid-green bronzed, mid-green leaves. Produces
drained soil. Propagate in spring by seed (20–30cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Oval leaves leaves, 2–3in (5–7.5cm). Produces clusters clusters of single, pink and white flowers
or stem cuttings. are deeply cleft, 3–6in (8–15cm) long and of single, scarlet flowers from late summer in summer–fall. H11–1.
Tuberous begonias (including the dark green with paler veins. Produces to fall. H11–1. B. Illumination Series. Double and
Tuberhybrida, Multiflora and Pendula single, pink flowers, above foliage, in B. dregei (Mapleleaf begonia), illus. p.317. semidouble Pendula begonia. H 24in
begonias) winter and early spring. Z13–15 H11–1. Semi-tuberous begonia. H 30in (75cm), (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed,
Mostly upright, bushy, tuberous, winter- B. ‘Bethlehem Star’. Evergreen, S 14in (35cm). Has small, maple-like, lobed, brightly veined, mid- to dark green leaves.
dormant perennials grown for their foliage creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8–12in purple-veined, bronze leaves, red beneath Bears prolific, double flowers, 3in (7.5cm)
and flowers. Tuberhybrida begonias, H and (20–30cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Oval, and at times silver-speckled when young. across, in red, pink, orange and yellow
S 30in (75cm), vary from pendent to erect, slightly indented, almost black leaves, less Profuse, pendent, single, white flowers are shades and white including bicolors.
with sparsely branched, succulent stems than 3in (8cm) long, each have a central, borne in summer. Needs winter rest. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Illumination Salmon
and oval, pointed, glossy, bright to dark creamy-green star. Bears masses of single, H11–1. Pink’ (illus. p.317) is pale salmon-pink.
green leaves, 8in (20cm) long. Most are pale pink flowers, with darker pink spots, B. ‘Duartei’. Rex-cultorum begonia. H11–1.
summer flowering and mainly double- from late winter to early spring. Z13–15 H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Has spirally B. imperialis. Rhizomatous begonia.
flowered. Multiflora cultivars, H and S 12in H11–1. twisted, red-haired, very dark green leaves, H 5in (13cm), S 9in (23cm). Ovate, toothed,
(30cm), are more bushy and have 3in (8cm) B. ‘Billie Langdon’. Upright more than 6in (15cm) long, with silver-gray light green leaves, 4in (10cm) long, have
long leaves and single, semidouble or Tuberhybrida begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in streaks and almost black edges. Is difficult puckered edges and silver-green splashes
double flowers, each 11/2–2in (4–5cm) (45cm). In summer has masses of heavily to grow to maturity. Z13–15 H11–1. on the main veins. Has sprays of sparse
across, in summer; tolerates full sun. veined, double, white flowers, 7in (18cm) B. x erythrophylla. See B. white flowers, to 1/2in (1.5cm) wide, in
Pendula cultivars, H to 3ft (1m), have long, across, each with a perfect rose-bud center. ‘Erythrophylla’. winter. Z13–15 H11–1.
thin, trailing stems; leaves are 21/2–3in Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Erythrophylla’, syn. B. x B. ‘Ingramii’, illus. p.317. Evergreen,
(6–8cm) long. Masses of single or double B. ‘Bokit’. Evergreen, erect, rhizomatous erythrophylla, B. ‘Feastii’. Evergreen, shrublike begonia. H 28in (70cm), S 18in
flowers are borne in summer. Outdoors, begonia. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 10–14in creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8in (45cm). Produces elliptic, toothed, bright
grow in dappled shade and moist (25–35cm). Has oval, spirally twisted, (20cm), S 9–12in (23–30cm). Thick, mid- green leaves, 3in (8cm) long, and,
conditions; under glass, plant in cool shade yellow-green leaves with brown tiger green leaves, 3–6in (8–15cm) long, are intermittently from spring to fall, masses of
with 65–70% relative humidity. Tubers are stripes. Bears masses of single, white almost rounded, with leaf stalks attached single, pink flowers on spreading branches.
dormant in winter. Start into growth in flowers, flecked with pink, in winter. to center of red undersides; slightly wavy H11–1.
spring for mid-summer to early fall Z13–15 H11–1. margins have white hairs. Produces single, B. ‘Iron Cross’. See B. masoniana.
flowering. Remove all flower buds until B. boliviensis ‘Bonfire’, illus. p.317. light pink flowers well above foliage, in B. ‘Krefeld’. Evergreen, winter-flowering,
stems show at least 3 pairs of leaves; with Semi-trailing begonia.H 30in (75cm), early spring. Z13–15 H11–1. Rieger begonia. H 10in (25cm), S 12in
large-flowered types allow only central S 36in (100cm). Succulent stems bear lance- B. ‘Feastii’. See B. ‘Erythrophylla’. (30cm). Is semi-tuberous with succulent
male bud to flower, so remove flanking shaped, slightly hairy leaves, 5in (12cm) B. ‘Flamboyant’. Upright Tuberhybrida stems, oval, mid-green leaves and masses
buds. Plants may require staking. long, with narrow, toothed, red edges. begonia. H 7in (17cm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves of single, vivid orange or bright crimson
Propagate in spring by seed, stem or Produces abundant, pendulous, single, are slender and bright green. Has single, flowers. Is very susceptible to botrytis and
basal cuttings or division of tubers. orange-red flowers from late spring to fall. scarlet flowers in profusion in summer. mildew at base of stems, so water by pot
H11–1. Z13–15 H11–1. immersion. Z13–15 H11–1.
Winter-flowering begonias B. bowerae (Eyelash begonia), illus. p.317. B. foliosa. Evergreen, shrublike begonia. B. ‘Lucerna’, syn. B. ‘Corallina de
Evergreen, low-growing, very compact Evergreen, creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Lucerna’. Vigorous, evergreen, cane-
perennials, with succulent, thin stems, H 10–12in (25–30cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears erect, then arching stems and oval, stemmed begonia. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m),
that are often included in the tuberous
group. Two main groups are recognized:
Has oval, bright green leaves, 1in (2.5cm) toothed, dark green leaves, 1/2in (1cm) long. S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has oval, silver- B
long, with chocolate marks and bristles Has very small, single, white flowers in spotted, bronze-green leaves, 10–14in
the single-flowered, usually pink or white, around edges. Bears single, pink-tinted, spring and fall. Is susceptible to whitefly. (25–35cm) long, with tapered tips and, year-
Lorraine, Cheimantha or Christmas white flowers freely in winter. H11–1. Z13–15 H11–1. var. miniata, syn. B. round, large panicles of single, deep pink
begonias; and the single, semidouble B. ‘Can-can’. See B. ‘Herzog von Sagan’. fuchsiioides (Fuchsia begonia), H to 4ft flowers; male flowers remain almost closed.
or double, Elatior and Rieger begonias, B. ‘City of Ballarat’. Vigorous, upright (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm), has leaves 11/2in (4cm) Z13–15 H11–1.
which occur in a wide range of colors. Tuberhybrida begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in long and pendent, single, bright red B. ‘Mac’s Gold’. Evergreen, creeping,
Leaves are green or bronze, 2in (5cm) long. (45cm). Leaves are rich dark green. flowers borne in winter. Z13–15 H11–1. rhizomatous begonia. H and S 8–10in
Flowers are borne mainly from late fall to Produces double, glowing orange flowers, B. fuchsiioides. See B. foliosa var. (20–25cm). Star-shaped, lobed, yellow
mid-spring. Prefer 40% relative humidity. 7in (18cm) across, with broad petals and miniata. leaves, 3–6in (8–15cm) long, have
Prefers indirect sun and moist soil. formal centers, in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Gloire de Lorraine’ (Christmas chocolate-brown marks. Has single, pink
Cut back old stems to 4in (10cm) after B. coccinea (Angelwing begonia). begonia, Lorraine begonia). Evergreen, flowers intermittently in spring–summer
flowering. Propagate in spring by seed Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H 4ft winter-flowering, Cheimantha begonia. but in moderate quantity. Z13–15 H11–1.
or stem cuttings. (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Produces narrowly H 12in (30cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Is well- B. ‘Madame Richard Galle’. Upright
B. albopicta, illus. p.317. Fast-growing, oval, glossy, green leaves, buff-colored branched with rounded, bright green Tuberhybrida begonia. H 10in (25cm), S 8in
evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H to 3ft beneath, and, in spring, many single, pink leaves and single, white to pale pink (20cm). Has masses of small, double, soft
(1m), S 1ft (30cm). Freely branched, green or coral-red flowers. Z13–15 H11–1. flowers. Male flowers are sterile, female apricot flowers in summer. Z13–15 H11–1.
stems turn brown-green when mature. B. ‘Cocktail Series’. Semperflorens ones highly infertile. Z13–15 H11–1. B. manicata. Evergreen, erect,
Narrowly oval to lance-shaped, wavy- begonia. H and S 8–12in (20–30cm). B. gracilis var. martiana, syn. B. rhizomatous begonia. H 24in (60cm),
edged, green leaves are silver-spotted. Has Produces rounded, wavy, green-bronze martiana. Tuberous begonia. H 24–30in S 12–16in (30–40cm). Bears large, oval,
clusters of single, green-white flowers in leaves and pink, red or white flowers from (60–75cm), S 16in (40cm). Has small, oval brown-mottled, green leaves and, below
summer–fall. H11–1. summer until fall frosts. Z13–15 H11–1. to lance-shaped, lobed, pale green or each leaf base, a collar of stiff, red hairs
B. angularis, syn. B. compta, B. B. compta. See B. angularis. brown-green leaves with tapering tips and around leaf stalk. Produces single, pale
stipulacea, B. zebrina. Evergreen, cane- B. ‘Corallina de Lucerna’. See B. large, fragrant, single, pink flowers, 1in pink flowers in very early spring.
stemmed begonia. H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), ‘Lucerna’. (2.5cm) across, in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. Propagate by plantlets during growing
S 1ft (30cm). Bears well-branched, angular B. ‘Curly Merry Christmas’. Rex- B. grandis subsp. evansiana, illus. season. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Crispa’, syn. B.
stems and oval, wavy-edged, gray-green cultorum begonia. H 10in (25cm), S 12in p.278. manicata ‘Cristata’ has deeper pink flowers
leaves, 8in (20cm) long, with silver-gray (30cm). Is a sport of B. ‘Merry Christmas’ B. haageana. See B. scharffii. and light green leaves with crested
veins, pale green beneath. Single, white with spirally twisted leaves. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Helen Lewis’. Rex-cultorum margins. ‘Cristata’. See B. manicata
flowers are produced in winter–spring. B. dichroa. Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). ‘Crispa’.
Z13–15 H11–1. begonia. H 14in (35cm), S 10in (25cm). Oval, Has an erect rhizome and silky, deep B. martiana. See B. gracilis var. martiana.
B. ‘Apricot Cascade’. Pendent mid-green leaves are 5in (12cm) long; royal purple leaves, 6–8in (15–20cm) B. masoniana, syn. B. ‘Iron Cross’ (Iron
Tuberhybrida begonia. H and S 2ft (60cm). occasionally new leaves bear silver spots. long, with silver bands. Slightly hairy, cross begonia), illus. p.317. Evergreen,
Has emerald-green leaves and, from early Produces small, single, orange flowers, single, cream flowers are produced in creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 18–24in
summer to mid-fall, double, orange-apricot each with a white ovary, in summer. early summer. Z13–15 H11–1. (45–60cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears oval,
flowers. Other cascades are ‘Bridal Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Herzog von Sagan’, syn. B. ‘Can- toothed, rough, bright green leaves, 6in
Cascade’ (pink-edged, white petals), B. DRAGON WING RED (‘Bepared’) can’, illus. p.322. (15cm) long, with tapering tips and cross-
‘Crimson Cascade’, ‘Gold Cascade’, (Dragon Wing Series), illus. p.317. B. ‘Ikon White Blush’, illus. p.317. shaped, black or dark brown centers. Has
‘Orange Cascade’. Z13–15 H11–1. Vigorous, Semperflorens begonia. H and Semperflorens begonia. H and S to 6in single, pink-flushed, white flowers in 519
B. ‘Beatrice Haddrell’. Evergreen, S 18in (45cm). Semi-trailing, succulent (15cm). Has broadly oval, pointed, slightly summer. H11–1.
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BEGONIA
B. mazae. Evergreen, trailing, B. pustulata. Evergreen, creeping, B. ‘Tiger Paws’, illus. p.317. Evergreen, out in summer. Propagate by seed,
rhizomatous begonia. H to 9in (23cm), rhizomatous begonia. H 6–8in (15–20cm), creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 6in preferably in fall.
S indefinite. Bears rounded, red-veined, S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears oval, fine-haired, (15cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Small, B. hyacinthoides, syn. Strangweja
bronze-green leaves and, in early spring, dark green leaves, with small blisters or rounded, bright green leaves, with yellow spicata, illus. p.419.
fragrant, single, red-spotted, pink flowers. pustules, and single, rose-pink flowers in and brown splashes, have bristly, white B. paradoxa. See B. pycnantha.
Is good for a hanging basket. Z13–15 H11–1. summer. Prefers 70–75% relative humidity. hairs on margins. Many clusters of small, B. pycnantha, syn. B. paradoxa, Muscari
B. ‘Merry Christmas’, syn. B. ‘Ruhrtal’, Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Argentea’, syn. B. ‘Silver’ white flowers are borne well above foliage pycnantha. Spring-flowering bulb. H to
illus. p.317. Rex-cultorum begonia. H and has silver-splashed leaves and creamy- in spring. H11–1. 16in (40cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has strap-
S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has satiny, red leaves, white flowers. B. x tuberhybrida Mocha Series. shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green
6–8in (15–20cm) long, each with an outer, B. ‘Red Ascot’. Semperflorens begonia. Bushy, dark-leaved, Tuberhybrida begonia. leaves. Tubular, deep dusky-blue flowers,
1
broad band of emerald-green and a deep H and S 6in (15cm). Has rounded, emerald- H and S 12in (30cm). Has green-veined, /4in (0.5cm) long and with yellow tips, are
velvet-red center, sometimes edged with green leaves and masses of crimson-red chocolate-brown leaves and, held tightly produced in a dense, conical spike. Z7–9
gray. H11–1. flowers in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. above the foliage, double flowers, 3–4in H9–7.
B. metallica (Metal-leaf begonia). B. rex. Rhizomatous begonia, the parent (7.5–10cm) across, in about 6 varied, B. romana, illus. p.399.
Evergreen, shrublike begonia. H 20in–4ft of the Rex-cultorum begonias. H 10in individual colors. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Mocha
(50cm–1.2m), S 18in (45cm). Bears white- (25cm), S 12in (30cm). Has heart-shaped, Scarlet’ (illus. p.317) is deep red with very BELLIS
haired stems and oval, toothed, silver- deep green leaves, 8–10in (20–25cm) long, dark leaves. H11–1. Daisy
haired, bronze-green leaves, 7in (18cm) with a metallic sheen, zoned silvery-white B. x tuberhybrida Non Stop Series.
long, with dark green veins, red beneath. above. Produces pink flowers in winter. Bushy Tuberhybrida begonia. H and S 12in COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Has single, pink flowers, with red bristles, Z13–15 H11–1. (30cm). Has double flowers, 3–4in (7.5– Genus of perennials, some grown as
in summer–fall. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Roy Hartley’. Upright Tuberhybrida 10cm) across, in about 12 varied individual biennials for spring bedding. Grow in
B. ‘Oliver Twist’. Evergreen, creeping, begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). In colors and mixtures held close to heart- sun or semi-shade and in fertile, very
rhizomatous begonia. H 18–24in (45–60cm), summer bears double, salmon-colored shaped, mid-green leaves. Z13–15 H11–1. well-drained soil. Deadhead regularly.
S 10–18in (25–45cm). Oval, pale to mid- flowers, with soft pink tinge. Color depth ‘Non Stop White’ (illus. p.317) has Propagate by seed in early summer or
green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long, have depends on light intensity. Has few side creamy-centered, white flowers opening by division after flowering.
heavily crested edges. Bears single, pink shoots. Z12–15 H11–1. from pink buds. H11–1. B. perennis (Common daisy).
flowers in early spring. Z13–15 H11–1. B. ‘Ruhrtal’. See B. ‘Merry Christmas’. B. versicolor. Evergreen, creeping, Stoloniferous, carpeting perennial.
B. olsoniae. Evergreen, compact, shrub- B. scharffii, syn. B. haageana, illus. rhizomatous begonia. H 6in (15cm), Cultivars are grown as biennials. H and
like begonia. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 12in p.317. Evergreen, shrublike begonia. S 6–12in (15–30cm). Produces broadly oval S 6–8in (15–20cm). All have inversely lance-
(30cm). Rounded, satiny, bronze-green H 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Stems or oblong, velvety leaves, 3in (8cm) long, in shaped to spoon-shaped, mid-green leaves
leaves have cream veins. Bears single, very are often covered with white hairs. Has shades of mahogany, apple-green and and semidouble to fully double flower
pale pink flowers, year-round, on arching oval, fine-haired, dark metallic-green maroon, and, in spring–summer, single, heads in spring. Large-flowered
stems, 12in (30cm) long. Z13–15 H11–1. leaves, 11in (28cm) long, with tapered tips salmon-pink flowers. Provide 65–70% (flower heads to 3in (8cm) wide) and
B. ‘Orange Rubra’, illus. p.317. Slow- and reddish-green undersides. Produces relative humidity. Z13–15 H11–1. miniature-flowered (flower heads to
growing, evergreen, cane-stemmed single, pinkish-white flowers, each with a B. x weltoniensis. See B. ‘Weltoniensis’. 1in (21/2cm) wide) cultivars are available.
begonia. H 20in (50cm), S 18in (45cm). Oval pink beard, from fall to summer. H11–1. B. ‘Weltoniensis’, syn. B. x weltoniensis Habanera Series cultivars bear long-
leaves are light green. Produces abundant B. ‘Scherzo’. Evergreen, creeping, (Mapleleaf begonia). Semi-tuberous petaled, pink, white or red flower heads,
clusters of single, orange flowers year- rhizomatous begonia. H 10–12in (25–30cm), begonia with a shrublike habit. H 12–20in to 21/2in (6cm) across, in early summer.
round. H11–1. S 12–14in (30–35cm). Oval leaves are small, (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, oval, Pomponette Series cultivars bear
B B. ‘Organdy’. Weather-resistant highly serrated and yellow with black long-pointed, toothed, dark green leaves. double, pink, white or red flower heads,
to 11_2in (4cm) across, with quilled petals.
Semperflorens begonia. H and S 6in (15cm). marks. Bears single, white flowers in early Heads of 5–8 single, pink or white flowers
are produced from leaf axils in summer. Roggli Series cultivars flower early and
Has rounded, waxy, green-bronze leaves spring. Z13–15 H11–1.
Z13–15 H11–1. prolifically, with semidouble, red, rose-
and pink, red or white flowers throughout B. serratipetala, illus. p.317.
B. xanthina. Evergreen, bushy, creeping, pink, salmon-pink or white flower heads,
summer until fall frosts. Z13–15 H11–1. Evergreen, trailing, shrublike begonia.
rhizomatous begonia. H 10–12in (25–30cm), to 11/4in (3cm) across. Tasso Series
B. ‘Orpha C. Fox’, illus. p.317. H and S 18in (45cm). Obliquely oval
S 12–14in (30–35cm). Bears oval, dark green cultivars have double, pink, white or red
Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H 3ft leaves are highly serrated and bronze-
flower heads, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with
(1m), S 1ft (30cm). Oval, silver-spotted, olive- green, with raised, deep pink spots. leaves, 6–9in (15–23cm) long, with yellow
quilled petals.
green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, are maroon Produces mostly female, single, deep veins, purple and hairy beneath. Pendent,
beneath. Produces large clusters of single, pink flowers intermittently throughout single, orange-yellow flowers are borne in Beloperone guttata. See Justicia
bright pink flowers year-round. H11–1. the year. Prefers 60% relative humidity, summer. Provide 75% relative humidity. brandegeeana.
B. paulensis. Evergreen, creeping, but with fairly dry roots. H11–1. Z13–15 H11–1.
rhizomatous begonia. H and S 10–12in B. ‘Silver’. See B. pustulata ‘Argentea’. B. zebrina. See B. angularis.
(25–30cm). Erect stems produce rounded, B. ‘Silver Helen Teupel’. Rex-cultorum
BERBERIDOPSIS
begonia. H and S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has FLACOURTIACEAE/BERBERIDOPSIACEAE
mid-green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, with BELAMCANDA
“seersucker” surfaces crisscrossed with long, deeply cut, silver leaves, each with Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
a spider web of veins. Produces single, a glowing pink center, giving a feathered IRIDACEAE
stemmed, twining climber. Dislikes strong
cream-white flowers, with wine-colored effect. Z13–15 H11–1. Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown winds and strong sun and is best grown
hairs, in late spring. Z13–15 H11–1. B. stipulacea. See B. angularis. for their iris-like flowers. Requires sun and in a north- or west-facing site. Needs moist
B. ‘Président Carnot’. Vigorous, B. ‘Sugar Candy’. Tuberhybrida begonia. well-drained, rich soil. Propagate by seed but well-drained, preferably lime-free soil.
evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H to 7ft H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Leaves are in spring. Cut out dead growth in spring; train to
(2.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Erect stems bear mid-green. Produces double, clear pink B. chinensis, syn. Iris domestica required shape. Propagate by seed in
11in (28cm) long, “angelwing,” green flowers in summer. Z13–15 H11–1. (Blackberry lily). Summer-flowering bulb. spring or by stem cuttings or layering
leaves, with lighter spots. Produces large B. sutherlandii, illus. p.317. Trailing, H 11/2–3ft (45cm–1m), S 6–10in (15–25cm). in late summer or fall.
panicles of single, pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) tuberous begonia. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Produces a fan of sword-shaped, semierect B. corallina, illus. p.202.
across, year-round. Z13–15 H11–1. Slender stems bear small, lance-shaped, leaves. A loosely branched stem bears a
B. ‘Princess of Hanover’. Rex-cultorum lobed, bright green leaves, with red veins, succession of flattish, orange-red flowers,
begonia. H and S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has and, in summer, loose clusters of single, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with darker
BERBERIS
blotches. Seeds are shiny and
Barberry
spirally twisted, deep green leaves, 8in orange flowers in profusion. In late fall,
(20cm) long, with bands of silver edged leaves and stems collapse prior to winter black. Z5–9 H9–5. BERBERIDACEAE
with ruby-red; entire leaf surfaces are dormancy. Makes an excellent hanging- Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
covered with fine, pink hairs. Z13–15 basket plant. Is particularly susceptible
BELLEVALIA evergreen, spiny shrubs, grown mainly
H11–1. to mildew. H11–1. for their rounded to cup-shaped flowers,
B. prismatocarpa, illus. p.317. B. taliensis, illus. p.278. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE with usually yellow sepals and petals, and
Evergreen, creeping, rhizomatous begonia. B. ‘Thurstonii’. Evergreen, shrublike Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, similar for their fruits. The evergreens are also
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). begonia. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has to Muscari, but with longer, more tubular cultivated for their leaves, the deciduous
Leaves are oval, lobed, light green and less rounded to oval, smooth, glossy, bronze- flowers. Some species have ornamental shrubs for their colorful fall foliage.
than 3in (8cm) long. Produces single, bright green leaves, with dark red veins, and, in value, but most are uninteresting Requires sun or semi-shade and any but
520 yellow flowers year-round. Needs 60–65% summer, bears single, pink flowers. Z13–15 horticulturally. Needs an open, sunny waterlogged soil. Propagate species by
relative humidity. H11–1. H11–1. position and well-drained soil that dries seed in fall, deciduous hybrids and cultivars
BESCHORNERIA
by softwood or semiripe cuttings in B. x ottawensis f. purpurea or root cuttings in winter. May be invasive B. x schmidtii. Evergreen, clump-forming
summer, evergreen hybrids and cultivars ‘Superba’, syn. B. x ottawensis in parts of North America. perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).
by semiripe cuttings in summer. B. ‘Purpurea’. is a deciduous, arching shrub. B. racemosa ‘Variegata’. Deciduous, Oval, flat leaves have toothed margins.
thunbergii has escaped cultivation in H and S 8ft (2.5m). Produces rounded to twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Sprays of open cup-shaped, soft pink
northeastern North America. T All parts oval, deep reddish-purple leaves. Bears Produces heart-shaped, green leaves, flowers are borne in early spring on short
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested; small, red-tinged, yellow flowers in late 11/4–3in (3–8cm) long and paler beneath, stems. Z4–8 H8–1.
contact with the spines may irritate skin. spring, then egg-shaped, red fruits in that are variegated creamy-white. Small, B. ‘Silberlicht’, syn. B. ‘Silver Light’,
B. aggregata. Deciduous, bushy shrub. fall. Z4–8 H8–3. ‘Purpurea’. See B. x bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers in illus. p.255.
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oblong to oval, mid- ottawensis f. purpurea ‘Superba’. summer are followed by rounded, green B. ‘Silver Light’. See B. ‘Silberlicht’.
green leaves redden in fall. Dense clusters B. ‘Park Jewel’. See B. ‘Parkjuweel’. fruits that turn red, then black. Z6–9 B. stracheyi. Evergreen, clump-forming
of pale yellow flowers, borne in late spring B. ‘Parkjuweel’, syn. B. ‘Park Jewel’. H9–6. perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
or early summer, are followed by egg- Semievergreen, bushy, rounded shrub. Small, rounded, flat leaves form neat
shaped, white-bloomed, red fruits. Z6–9 H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are oval, glossy rosettes, among which nestle heads of
H9–6. and bright green; some turn red in fall.
BERGENIA open cup-shaped, white or pink flowers
SYN. MEGASEA
B. buxifolia. Semievergreen or Flowers are of little value. Z6–9 H9–6. in spring. Z4–8 H8–1.
Bergenia
deciduous, arching shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), B. polyantha. See B. prattii. B. ‘Sunningdale’. Evergreen, clump-
S 10ft (3m). Has oblong to oval, spine- B. prattii, syn. B. polyantha. Deciduous, SAXIFRAGACEAE forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in
tipped, leathery, dark green leaves. Deep bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Produces Genus of evergreen perennials with thick, (30cm). Rounded, slightly crinkled, deep
orange-yellow flowers, borne from early oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Large usually large, rounded to oval or spoon- green leaves are mahogany beneath.
to mid-spring, are followed by spherical, clusters of small, yellow flowers in late shaped, leathery leaves, with indented Bears racemes of open cup-shaped, lilac-
black fruits with a white bloom. Z6–9 H9–6. summer are followed by a profusion of veins, that make ideal groundcover. carmine flowers on red stalks in spring.
B. calliantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub. long-lasting, egg-shaped, coral-pink fruits. Tolerates sun or shade and any well- Z3–8 H8–1.
H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Has oblong, sharply Z6–9 H9–6. drained soil, but leaf color is best on poor
B. x rubrostilla. See B. ‘Rubrostilla’.
spiny, glossy, green leaves, white beneath, soil and in full sun. Propagate by division BERKHEYA
and large, pale yellow flowers in late B. ‘Rubrostilla’, syn. B. x rubrostilla, in spring after flowering.
spring, followed by egg-shaped, black illus. p.162. B. ‘Abendglut’, syn. B. ‘Evening Glow’. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
fruits with a white bloom. Z7–9 H9–7. B. sargentiana. Evergreen, bushy shrub. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 9in Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
B. candidula (Paleleaf barberry). H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oblong, glossy, (23cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears rosettes of Where marginally hardy, grow most
Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. H and bright green. Yellow flowers produced oval, crinkled, short-stemmed, maroon species against a south- or west-facing
S 3ft (1m). Leaves are narrowly oblong, in late spring and early summer are leaves, from which arise racemes of open wall. Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained
glossy, dark green, white beneath. Has succeeded by egg-shaped, blue-black fruits. cup-shaped, semidouble, deep magenta soil. Sow seed in fall or divide in spring.
bright yellow flowers in late spring, then Z5–8 H8–5. flowers in spring. Z6–9 H9–6. B. macrocephala, illus. p.243.
egg-shaped, blue-purple fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. B. x stenophylla, illus. p.127. ‘Corallina B. ‘Ballawley’. Evergreen, clump-forming B. purpurea, illus. p.269.
B. x carminea. ‘Pirate King’ is a Compacta’ illus. p.336. perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Large,
deciduous, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft B. thunbergii (Japanese barberry).
Deciduous, arching, dense shrub. H 6ft
rounded to oval, flat, deep green leaves
BERTOLONIA
(3m). Has oblong, dark green leaves. In late turn red in winter. Racemes of cup-shaped,
spring and early summer produces clusters (2m), S 10ft (3m). Broadly oval, pale to bright crimson flowers are borne on red MELASTOMATACEAE
of yellow flowers, followed by spherical, mid-green leaves turn brilliant orange- stems in spring. Shelter from cold winds. Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
pale red fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Barbarossa’, red in fall. Small, red-tinged, pale yellow Z6–9 H9–6. for their foliage. Requires a fairly shaded
illus. p.141. flowers are produced in mid-spring, B. beesiana. See B. purpurascens. position and high humidity, although soil B
B. ‘Chenault’. See B. ‘Chenaultii’. followed by egg-shaped, bright red B. ‘Beethoven’, illus. p.256. should not be waterlogged. Propagate by
B. ‘Chenaultii’, syn. B. ‘Chenault’. fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. f. atropurpurea, illus. B. ciliata, illus. p.256. tip or leaf cuttings in spring or summer.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), p.123. ‘Atropurpurea Nana’, B. cordifolia (Heartleaf bergenia). B. marmorata. Evergreen, rosette-
S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oblong, wavy-edged, syn. B. thunbergii ‘Crimson Pygmy’, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. forming perennial. H 6in (15cm) or more
glossy, dark green leaves set off golden- H and S 24in (60cm), bears reddish-purple H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Leaves are in flower, S 18in (45cm). Broadly oval,
yellow flowers in late spring and early foliage. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.160. rounded, puckered and crinkle-edged. slightly fleshy leaves have heart-shaped
summer. Bears egg-shaped, blue-black ‘Crimson Pygmy’. See B. thunbergii Produces racemes of open cup-shaped, bases, silvery midribs and puckered
fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Atropurpurea Nana’. ‘Erecta’ upright light pink flowers in spring. Z3–8 H8–1. surfaces, and are reddish-purple below,
B. coxii. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. branches spread with age. ‘Golden ‘Purpurea’, H and S 20in (50cm). Has velvety green above. Intermittently
H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Produces narrowly Ring’ has purple leaves narrowly large, rounded, purple-tinged, deep green produces spikes of saucer-shaped,
oval, glossy, dark green leaves with white margined with golden-yellow, turning leaves. Clusters of bell-shaped, rose-pink pinkish-purple flowers. Z14–15 H11–10.
undersides and, in late spring, yellow red in fall, and produces red fruit. flowers are borne on red stems from late
flowers. Egg-shaped, blue-black fruits Z5–8 H8–5.
‘Rose Glow’, illus. p.137.
winter to early spring.
BERZELIA
have a gray-blue bloom. Z6–9 H9–6. B. crassifolia (Winter-blooming
B. darwinii (Darwin’s barberry), illus. B. valdiviana, illus. p.111. bergenia). Evergreen, clump-forming BRUNIACEAE
p.111. B. verruculosa (Warty barberry). Slow- perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Has Genus of evergreen, heather-like, summer-
B. empetrifolia, illus. p.148. growing, evergreen, bushy shrub. H and oval- or spoon-shaped, fleshy, flat leaves flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers.
B. gagnepainii var. lanceifolia, S 5ft (1.5m). Glossy, dark green leaves have that turn mahogany in winter. Bears spikes Requires full sun and well-drained, neutral
illus. p.127. blue-white undersides. Clusters of small, of open cup-shaped, lavender-pink flowers to acidic soil. Water container plants
B. jamesiana. Vigorous, deciduous, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in late in spring. Z3–8 H8–1. moderately, less when not in full growth.
arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Yellow spring and early summer are followed by B. ‘Eric Smith’. Evergreen, groundcover Plants may be cut back lightly after
flowers in late spring are followed by blue-black fruits. Z6–9 H9–4. perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) or flowering. Propagate by seed in spring
pendent racemes of spherical, red berries. B. wilsoniae. Deciduous or more. Has large, rounded, rather upright, or by semiripe cuttings in late summer.
Oval, dark green leaves redden in fall. semievergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), leathery, mid-green leaves, which in winter B. lanuginosa. Evergreen, erect shrub
Z7–9 H9–7. S 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly oblong, gray-green are reddish tinted. Rich pink flowers are with soft-haired, young shoots. H and S
B. julianae (Wintergreen barberry). leaves turn bright orange-red in fall. In late borne on sturdy stalks in spring. Z4–8 to 3ft (1m). Has small, heather-like leaves.
Dense, bushy, evergreen shrub. H 8ft spring and early summer produces yellow H8–1. Compact, spherical heads of tiny, creamy-
(2.5m), S 10ft (3m). Has glossy, dark green flowers, then showy, spherical, coral-red B. ‘Evening Glow’. See B. ‘Abendglut’. white flowers are borne in dense, terminal
leaves, yellow flowers in late spring–early fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. B. ‘Morgenröte’, syn. B. ‘Morning clusters in summer. Z14–15 H12–10.
summer, and egg-shaped, blue-black fruits Red’. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
in fall. Z6–9 H9–4.
BERCHEMIA BESCHORNERIA
B. linearifolia ‘Orange King’, illus. Leaves are rounded, crinkled and deep
p.127. RHAMNACEAE green. Spikes of open cup-shaped, AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
B. x lologensis. Vigorous, evergreen, Genus of deciduous, twining climbers, deep carmine flowers in spring are Genus of perennial succulents with narrowly
arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has grown for their leaves and fruit. Is useful often followed by a second crop in lance-shaped leaves forming erect, almost
broadly oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. for covering walls, fences and tree stumps. summer. Z4–9 H9–2. stemless, basal rosettes. Needs full sun and
Profuse clusters of orange flowers are Grow in sun or shade, in any well-drained B. ‘Morning Red’. See B. ‘Morgenröte’. very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
borne from mid- to late spring. Z6–9 H9–6. soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring, by B. purpurascens, syn. B. beesiana, illus. division in spring or summer. 521
‘Stapehill’, illus. p.127. semiripe cuttings in summer or by layering p.280. B. yuccoides, illus. p.490.
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BESSERA
becomes black and rugged at base of fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
BESSERA trunk with age. Yellow-brown catkins Propagate by seed in spring or divide BLECHNUM
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE appear in spring. Oval, bright green leaves perennials in spring. Hard fern
turn yellow in fall. Unfortunately very B. atrosanguinea. See Cosmos BLECHNACEAE
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
susceptible to bronze birch borer, which atrosanguineus.
for their brightly colored flowers. Needs Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
reduces the lifespan of this species. Z2–7 B. ‘Gold Star’, illus. p.319.
an open, sunny situation and well-drained ferns. Most species prefer semi-shade.
H7–1. ‘Dalecarlica’ has a more upright
soil. Propagate by seed in spring. May be Requires moist, neutral to acidic soil.
habit, with pendent, shorter shoots at the
invasive in parts of North America.
end of the branches, and has much more
BIGNONIA Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate
B. elegans (Coral drops). Summer- Cross vine B. penna-marina by division in spring,
deeply cut leaves. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Laciniata’
flowering bulb. H to 24in (60cm), S 3–4in BIGNONIACEAE other species by spores in late summer.
develops a narrow crown. Z2–7 H7–1.
(8–10cm). Has long, narrow, erect, basal B. alpinum. See B. penna-marina.
‘Tristis’, illus. p.68. ‘Youngii’, illus. p.88. Genus of one species of evergreen, tendril
leaves. Each leafless stem bears pendent, B. chilense, syn. B. tabulare, illus. p.292.
B. platyphylla var. szechuanica. See climber. In colder areas may lose its leaves
bell-shaped, bright red flowers on long, B. penna-marina, syn. B. alpinum, illus.
B. szechuanica. in winter. Requires sun and fertile soil to
slender stalks. Z13–15 H11–10. p.290.
B. szechuanica, syn. B. platyphylla var. flower well. If necessary, prune in spring. B. spicant (Hard fern). Evergreen fern.
Betonica officinalis. See Stachys szechuanica (Szechuan birch). Vigorous, Propagate by stem cuttings in summer or H 12–30in (30–75cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm).
officinalis. deciduous, open tree with stiff branches. fall or by layering in winter. Bears narrowly lance-shaped, indented,
H 46ft (14m), S 8ft (2.5m). Bark is chalky- B. capensis. See Tecoma capensis. leathery, spreading, dark green fronds.
white when mature. Has triangular to oval,
BETULA serrated, leathery, deep green leaves that
B. capreolata, syn. Doxantha capreolata Prefers shade and peaty or leafy soil.
(Cross vine, Trumpet flower). Evergreen, Z10–11 H11–10.
Birch turn brilliant gold in fall. Produces yellow- tendril climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Each B. tabulare. See B. chilense.
BETULACEAE green catkins in spring. Z5–7 H7–5. leaf has 2 narrowly oblong leaflets and
Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, B. utilis (Himalayan birch). Deciduous, a branched tendril. In summer, funnel-
grown for their bark and fall color. Needs upright, open tree. H 60ft (18m), S 30ft shaped, reddish-orange flowers are borne BLETILLA
sun and moist but well-drained soil; some (10m). Paper-thin, peeling bark varies from in clusters in leaf axils. Pea-pod-shaped ORCHIDACEAE
species prefer acidic soil. Transplant young creamy-white to dark copper-brown. fruits, to 6in (15cm) long, are produced See also ORCHIDS.
trees in fall. Propagate by grafting in late Yellow-brown catkins are borne in spring. in fall. Z6–9 H9–5. B. hyacinthina. See B. striata.
winter or by softwood cuttings in early Oval, mid-green leaves, hairy beneath B. grandiflora. See Campsis grandiflora. B. striata, syn. B. hyacinthina (Chinese
summer. when young, turn golden-yellow in fall. B. jasminoides. See Pandorea ground orchid), illus. p.466. Deciduous,
B. albosinensis (White Chinese birch), Z5–7 H7–5. var. jacquemontii, syn. B. jasminoides. terrestrial orchid. H to 24in (60cm). In late
illus. p.78. Deciduous, open-branched tree. jacquemontii has bright white bark and B. pandorana. See Pandorea pandorana. spring or early summer produces magenta
H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m). Has oval to oval, serrated, mid-green leaves that turn B. radicans. See Campsis radicans. or white flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long, and
lance-shaped, serrated, pale green leaves. clear yellow in fall. var. jacquemontii B. stans. See Tecoma stans. broadly lance-shaped leaves, 20in (50cm)
Peeling bark is honey-colored or reddish- ‘Grayswood Ghost’, illus. p.78. has B. unguis-cati. See Macfadyena unguis- long. Needs shade in summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
maroon with a gray bloom. Z5–8 H8–5. bright, white bark, slightly pendent
cati.
B. alleghaniensis, syn. B. lutea (Yellow branchlets and dark green leaves. var.
birch). Deciduous, upright, open tree, often jacquemontii ‘Jermyns’, syn. B. Bilderdykia. See Fallopia. BLOOMERIA
multi-stemmed. H 40ft (12m) or more, S 10ft ‘Jermyns’ (illus. p.78), H 50ft (15m), S 30ft LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
(10m), produces bright white bark and
(3m). Smooth, glossy, golden-brown bark BILLARDIERA Genus of onion-like, spring-flowering
B peels in thin shreds. Oval, mid- to pale very long, elegant, yellow, male catkins.
bulbs, with spherical flower heads on
green leaves rapidly turn gold in fall. Bears PITTOSPORACEAE
leafless stems, which die down in summer.
yellow-green catkins in spring. Z4–7 H7–1. BIARUM Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
Requires a sheltered, sunny situation and
B. ermanii (Erman birch), illus. p.78. twining climbers, grown mainly for their
ARACEAE well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
Deciduous, open-branched tree. H 70ft fruits. Grow in any well-drained soil, in
fall or by division in late summer or fall.
(20m), S 40ft (12m). Oval, glossy, green Genus of mainly fall-flowering, tuberous a sheltered position and partial shade. B. crocea. Late spring-flowering bulb.
leaves turn yellow in fall. Has peeling, perennials with tiny flowers carried on a Propagate by seed in spring or stem H to 12in (30cm), S to 4in (10cm). Long,
pinkish-white bark, distinctively marked pencil-shaped spadix, enclosed within cuttings in summer or fall. narrow, semierect, basal leaves die at
with large lenticels. Z5–8 H8–5. a tubular spathe. Upper part of spathe B. longiflora, illus. p.210. flowering time. Each leafless stem bears
B. jacquemontii. See B. utilis var. is hooded or flattened out and showy.
a loose, spherical head, 4–6in (10–15cm)
jacquemontii. In winter protect in a cold frame or
B. ‘Jermyns’. See B. utilis var. greenhouse. Needs a sunny position and
BILLBERGIA across, of star-shaped, dark-striped, yellow
flowers. Z8–9 H9–8.
jacquemontii‘Jermyns’. well-drained soil. Dry out tubers when BROMELIACEAE
B. lenta, illus. p.79. dormant in summer. Propagate in fall by Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming Bocconia cordata. See Macleaya
B. lutea. See B. alleghaniensis. seed or offsets. perennials, grown for their flowers and cordata.
B. maximowicziana (Monarch birch). B. eximium. Early fall-flowering, tuberous foliage. Requires semi-shade and well-
perennial. H and S 3–4in (8–10cm). Lance-
Fast-growing, deciduous, broad-headed
shaped, semierect, basal leaves follow
drained soil, ideally adding sphagnum BOENNINGHAUSENIA
tree with orange-brown or pink bark. moss or plastic chips used for orchid
H 60ft (18m), S 10ft (3m). Has racemes of stemless, tubular, velvety, blackish-maroon RUTACEAE
culture. Water moderately when in full
yellowish catkins in spring. Large, oval, spathe, up to 6in (15cm) long and often growth, sparingly at other times. Propagate Genus of one species of deciduous
mid-green leaves turn bright butter-yellow lying flat on ground. Upper part is flattened by division or offsets after flowering or subshrub, usually with soft, herbaceous
in fall. Z6–8 H8–6. out. Spadix is upright and black. Z7–9 in late spring. stems, grown for its foliage and flowers.
B. nana, illus. p.335. H9–7. B. nutans (Queen’s tears). Evergreen, Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained but
B. nigra (River birch), illus. p.78. B. tenuifolium. Late summer- or fall- clump-forming, tubular-rosetted perennial. not too dry soil. Propagate by softwood
Deciduous, conical then spreading tree flowering tuberous perennial. H to 8in H and S to 16in (40cm). Strap-shaped leaves cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
with peeling, pink-orange bark, which (20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces are usually dark green. In spring, pendent B. albiflora. Deciduous, bushy subshrub.
becomes fissured with age. H 50ft (15m), clusters of acrid, narrow, erect, basal clusters of tubular, purple-blue-edged, H and S 3ft (1m). Has pungent, mid-green
S 30ft (10m). Diamond-shaped, glossy, mid- leaves after which stemless, upright and lime-green flowers emerge from pink leaves, divided into oval leaflets. Bears
green leaves turn golden-orange in fall. often twisted, blackish-purple spathes bracts. Z9–11 H11–1. loose panicles of small, cup-shaped, white
Bears yellow, male catkins in spring. Can appear. Z7–9 H9–7. B. rhodocyanea. See Aechmea fasciata. flowers from mid-summer to early fall.
be coppiced to encourage multiple, brightly B. x windii (Angel’s tears). Evergreen, Z6–10 H10–6.
colored stems. Grows well in damp soil.
BIDENS clump-forming, tubular-rosetted perennial.
Z4–9 H9–1. Many excellent cultivars are
H and S to 16in (40cm). Is similar to BOLAX
available, including ‘Heritage’, which has B. nutans, but produces broader, spreading,
larger, glossier leaves. Genus of annuals and perennials, grown UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
gray-green leaves and larger bracts.
B. papyrifera, illus. p.67. for their large, yellow flowers and finely Flowers intermittently from spring to fall. Genus of evergreen, hummock- and
B. pendula (Silver birch). Deciduous, dissected leaves. A few perennials, Z9–15 H12–10. cushion-forming perennials, often included
broadly columnar or conical tree. H 80ft usually treated as annuals, are grown as in Azorella. Is grown for its symmetrical
522 (25m) or more, S 30ft (10m). Has slender, creeping hanging basket and container Biota orientalis. See Platycladus rosettes of small, thick, tough leaves.
drooping shoots and silver-white bark that plants. Grow in full sun and reasonably orientalis. Flowers only rarely in cultivation. Is
BRACHYSCOME
suitable for gritty screes, troughs and fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely pyramidal when young. H and S 50–70ft
alpine houses. Needs sun and rich, well- BOUGAINVILLEA when in full growth, moderately at other (15–20m). Pointed or 3–5 lobed, glossy,
drained soil. Propagate by rooting rosettes Bougainvillea times. Cut back stems by half to three- deep green leaves are chartreuse when
in summer. NYCTAGINACEAE quarters after flowering. Propagate young. In spring–summer has panicles of
B. gummifer, illus. p.376. by softwood cuttings in spring or by saucer-shaped, cream or greenish-white
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody-
greenwood or semiripe cuttings in flowers with red, purple or yellow throats.
stemmed, scrambling climbers, grown for
summer. Whitefly and mealy bug may Z9–11 H11–10.
BOMAREA their showy, floral bracts. Grow in fertile,
be troublesome.
ALSTROEMERIACEAE well-drained soil in full light. Water
B. humboldtii. See B. longiflora.
moderately in the growing season; keep
B. longiflora, syn. B. humboldtii. BRACHYGLOTTIS
Genus of herbaceous or evergreen, container plants almost dry when dormant.
tuberous-rooted, scrambling and twining Semievergreen, spreading shrub. H and COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Tie to a support. Cut back previous
climbers, grown for tubular or bell-shaped S 3ft (1m) or more. Has lance-shaped Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
season’s lateral growths in spring, leaving
flowers. Needs full light and well-drained 3
leaves, and terminal clusters of fragrant, grown for their bold foliage and daisylike
/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long spurs. Propagate by
soil. Water regularly in growth, sparingly white flowers, with slender tubes and flower heads. Needs full light or partial
semiripe cuttings in summer or by 4 petal lobes, from summer to early winter.
when dormant. Provide support. Some hardwood cuttings when dormant. shade and well-drained soil. Water
Z13–15 H11–10.
species grow well out of doors planted Whitefly and mealy bug may attack. container plants freely in summer,
B. ternifolia, syn. B. triphylla (Scarlet
beneath shrubs through which they can B. x buttiana. Vigorous, evergreen, moderately at other times. Take semiripe
trompetilla), illus. p.456.
climb; mulch to protect tubers before woody-stemmed, scrambling climber. cuttings in late summer.
B. triphylla. See B. ternifolia.
winter. Cut out old flowering stems at H 25–40ft (8–12m). Has ovate, mid-green B. compacta, syn. Senecio compactus.
ground level when leaves yellow. Propagate leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, lighter below. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft (1m),
by seed or division in early spring. Bears large clusters of strongly waved, BOWIEA S 6ft (2m). Feltlike, white hairs cover the
B. andimarcana, syn. B. pubigera. golden-yellow, purple or red floral bracts LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE shoots. Bears small, oval, white-edged,
Deciduous, scrambling climber with from summer to fall. Z13–15 H11–1. ‘Enid dark green leaves, white below, and
Genus of summer-flowering, bulbous
straight, slender stems. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Lancaster’, syn. B. x buttiana ‘California daisylike, bright yellow flowers in clustered
succulents with scrambling, branched,
Has lance-shaped leaves, white and hairy Gold’, B. x buttiana ‘Golden Glow’ floral green stems that produce no proper leaves. heads from mid- to late summer. Z9–10
beneath. Bears nodding, tubular, green- bracts are orange-yellow. Z13–15 H11–1. Needs sun and well-drained soil; plant with H10–9.
tipped, pale yellow flowers, suffused pink, ‘Miss Manila’, syn. B. ‘Miss Manila’, B. half of bulb above soil level. Support with B. Dunedin Group, syn. Senecio Dunedin
from early summer to fall. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Tango’ has pink floral bracts. ‘Mrs. Butt’, sticks or canes. Propagate by seed, sown Hybrids, Senecio greyi, Senecio laxifolius,
B. caldasii. See B. multiflora. syn. B. x buttiana ‘Crimson Lake’ has under glass in winter or spring. May illus. p.161.
B. edulis, illus. p.201. crimson-magenta floral bracts; ‘Scarlet produce offsets. B. laxifolia, syn. Senecio laxifolius.
B. hirsuta. Herbaceous, twining climber. Queen’ are scarlet. B. volubilis. Bulbous summer-flowering Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. H 3ft
H 3–6ft (1–2m). Has narrowly ovate, mid- B. x buttiana ‘California Gold’. See B. x succulent. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 11/2–2ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Oval, gray-white leaves
green leaves, softly hairy beneath. Bears buttiana ‘Enid Lancaster’. (45–60cm). Has climbing, much-branched, become dark green. Has large clusters
tight clusters of pendent, bell-shaped, B. x buttiana ‘Crimson Lake’. See B. x slender stems and no proper leaves. of daisylike, golden-yellow flower heads
reddish-orange flowers, with yellow- buttiana ‘Mrs. Butt’. Produces small, star-shaped, green flowers in summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
orange interiors, from mid-summer to B. x buttiana ‘Golden Glow’. See B. x at tips of stems. Provide support. Z14–15 B. monroi, syn. Senecio monroi, illus.
fall. Z9–11 H12–9. buttiana ‘Enid Lancaster’. H11–10. p.161.
B. kalbreyeri of gardens. See B. B. ‘Dania’. Vigorous, mainly evergreen, B. repanda (Pukapuka, Rangiora).
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber.
multiflora.
H 15ft (to 5m). Has rounded-oval, mid- BOYKINIA Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree, upright B
B. multiflora, syn. B. caldasii, when young. H 10ft (3m), S 10ft (3m) or
B. kalbreyeri of gardens, illus. p.207. green leaves and bears clusters of deep SAXIFRAGACEAE more. Has robust, downy, white stems
B. pubigera of gardens. See B. pink floral bracts in summer. Z12–15 Genus of mound-forming perennials. and veined leaves that are white beneath.
andimarcana. H11–1. Most species require shade and rich, Produces fragrant, white flower heads
B. glabra, illus. p.462. ‘Sanderiana’ , moist but well-drained, acidic soil.
B. salsilla. Herbaceous, twining climber. in summer. Z12–15 H11–10.
illus. p.462. ‘Snow White’, illus. p.460. Propagate by division in spring or by seed
H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Ovate leaves are grayish- B. rotundifolia, syn. Senecio reinholdii,
B. ‘Miss Manila’. See B. x buttiana ‘Miss in fall.
green. Produces open clusters of pendent, Senecio rotundifolius. Evergreen, rounded,
Manila’. B. aconitifolia. Mound-forming
bell-shaped, green-tipped, cerise flowers dense shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has
B. spectabilis. Strong-growing, mainly perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm).
in summer. Z9–11 H12–9. rounded, leathery, glossy leaves, dark
evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling Has rounded to kidney-shaped, lobed green above, white-felted below, and tiny,
climber; stems usually have a few spines. leaves. In summer, flower stems carry
BORAGO H to 22ft (7m). Has elliptic to oval leaves very small, bell-shaped, white flowers.
yellow flower heads from early to mid-
summer. Withstands salt winds in mild
Borage and, in summer, large trusses of red-purple Z5–9 H9–5. coastal areas. Z9–10 H10–9.
BORAGINACEAE floral bracts. Z9–11 H11–1. B. jamesii. Mound-forming, rhizomatous
B. ‘Tango’. See B. x buttiana ‘Miss Manila’. perennial. H and S 6in (15cm). Each woody
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
stem bears a rosette of kidney-shaped BRACHYSCOME
for culinary use as well as for their Boussingaultia baselloides of
leaves with lacerated edges. In early COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
flowers. Requires sun and fertile, well- gardens. See Anredera cordifolia.
summer bears open bell-shaped, frilled,
drained soil. For culinary use gather Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
pink flowers with green centers. Z5–9
only young leaves. Propagate by seed BOUTELOUA H9–6.
for their daisylike flower heads and very
sown outdoors in spring. Some species variable, often finely divided foliage.
Grama grass
will self-seed prolifically and may become Brachychilum horsfieldii. See Requires sun, a sheltered position and
invasive. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Hedychium horsfieldii. rich, well-drained soil. Pinch out growing
B. officinalis (Borage), illus. p.315. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES shoots of young plants to encourage a
and SEDGES. bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown
B. gracilis, syn. B. oligostachya (Blue
BRACHYCHITON
under glass in spring or outdoors in
BORONIA grama, Mosquito grass). Semievergreen, STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE late spring.
RUTACEAE tuft-forming, narrow-leaved, perennial Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly B. iberidifolia (Swan River daisy).
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly grass. H 20in (50cm), S 8in (20cm). In spring- and summer-flowering trees, Moderately fast-growing, thin-stemmed,
for their flowers. Requires full light and summer bears comblike flower spikes, grown for their flowers and overall bushy annual. H and S to 18in (45cm).
sandy, neutral to acidic soil. Water 11/2in (4cm) long, held at right-angles to appearance. Needs full light and rich, Has deeply cut leaves and small, fragrant,
container specimens moderately, less when stems. Z5–9 H9–5. well-drained, preferably acidic soil. Water daisylike flowers, usually blue but also
they are not in full growth. For a compact B. oligostachya. See B. gracilis. container plants moderately, much less pink, mauve, purple or white, in summer
habit, shorten long stems after flowering. in winter. Prune if needed. Propagate by and early fall. H11–1.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe BOUVARDIA seed in spring at min. 75ºF (24ºC). Red B. ‘Strawberry Mousse’, illus. p.300.
cuttings in late summer. Red spider mite spider mite may be a nuisance.
RUBIACEAE B. acerifolius, syn. Sterculia acerifolia Bracteantha bracteata. See
may be a problem.
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or (Illawarra flame tree), illus. p.450. Xerochrysum bracteatum.
B. megastigma, illus. p.456.
evergreen shrubs and perennials, grown B. populneus, syn. Sterculia diversifolia Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis. See Opuntia 523
Borzicactus. See Cleistocactus. for their flowers. Prefers full light and (Kurrajong). Evergreen, conical tree, brasiliensis.
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02 RUN HEAD TOP
BRASILIORCHIS
soil. Water container plants freely when sun or partial shade and in fertile, well-
BRASILIORCHIS in full growth, moderately at other times. BRODIAEA drained soil that should not dry out
ORCHIDACEAE Large bushes should be cut back hard after LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE completely. Feed when flowering if
flowering. Propagate by greenwood or container-grown and pinch out young
See also ORCHIDS. Genus of mainly spring-flowering bulbs
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly, shoots to encourage bushiness.
B. picta, syn. Maxillaria picta. Evergreen, with colorful flowers produced in loose
red spider mite and mealy bug may be Propagate by seed in spring; for winter
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. heads on leafless stems. Needs a sheltered,
troublesome. flowers, sow in late summer.
H 9in (23cm). Fragrant, deep yellow to sunny situation and light, well-drained soil.
B. disticha, syn. B. nivosa, Phyllanthus B. americana, syn. B. elata. Moderately
white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, marked Dies down in summer. Propagate in fall by
nivosus (Snow bush). Evergreen, well- fast-growing, bushy perennial, usually
purple to dark reddish-brown outside, are seed or in late summer and fall by freely
branched shrub with slender stems. grown as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
produced singly beneath foliage in winter. produced offsets.
H 3ft (1m) or more, S 24–39in (60–100cm). (15cm). Produces oval, mid-green leaves
Has narrowly oval leaves, 6–9in (15–23cm) B. capitata. See Dichelostemma
Ovate, dark green leaves have white and, in summer, trumpet-shaped, blue
long. Requires partial shade in summer. pulchellum.
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide. Z10–11 H8–1.
Z14–15 H12–6. marbling. Tiny, greenish flowers, borne B. congesta. See Dichelostemma
B. elata. See B. americana.
B. porphyrostele, syn. Maxillaria intermittently, have no petals. Z14–15 congestum.
B. speciosa, illus. p.472.
porphyrostele, illus. p.467. Evergreen, H11–10. ‘Roseopicta’, H and S to 3ft B. coronaria, syn. B. grandiflora (Harvest
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. (1m), has green leaves variably brodiaea). Late spring- to early summer-
H 3in (8cm). White- and red-lipped, yellow bordered and splashed with white flowering bulb. H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 3–4in BROWNINGIA
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across, are borne singly and flushed pink. (8–10cm). Long, narrow, semierect, basal SYN. AZUREOCEREUS
in summer–fall. Narrowly oval leaves are B. nivosa. See B. disticha. leaves die down by flowering time. Leafless CACTACEAE
3in (8cm) long. Needs good light in stems each carry a loose head of erect,
Bridgesia. See Ercilla. Genus of slow-growing, eventually treelike,
summer. Z14–15 H12–10. funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers on long,
perennial cacti. Spiny, silvery- or green-
slender stalks. Z8–10 H10–8.
blue stems, with up to 20 or more ribs,
Brassaia. See Schefflera. BRIGGSIA B. grandiflora. See B. coronaria.
are crowned by stiff, erect, green-blue
B. hyacinthina. See Triteleia hyacinthina.
GESNERIACEAE branches. Requires full sun and very well-
BRASSAVOLA Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
B. ida-maia. See Dichelostemma ida-maia.
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
B. ixioides. See Triteleia ixioides.
ORCHIDACEAE or summer.
their rosettes of hairy leaves. Needs shade B. lactea. See Triteleia hyacinthina.
B. hertlingiana, syn. Azureocereus
See also ORCHIDS. and peaty soil with plenty of moisture in B. laxa. See Triteleia laxa. ‘Queen
hertlingianus, illus. p.488.
B. nodosa (Lady-of-the-night), illus. p.466. summer and good air circulation in winter. Fabiola’. See Triteleia laxa ‘Koningin
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an Protect against damp in winter. Propagate Fabiola’. Bruckenthalia spiculifolia. See Erica
intermediate greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). by seed in spring. B. lutea. See Triteleia ixioides. spiculifolia.
Narrow-petaled, pale green flowers, 2in B. muscicola. Evergreen, basal-rosetted B. peduncularis. See Triteleia
(5cm) across and each with a white lip, are perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 9in (23cm). peduncularis.
produced, 1–3 to a stem, in spring; they are Leaves are oval, silver-haired and pale B. pulchella. See Dichelostemma
BRUGMANSIA
fragrant at night. Leaves, 3–4in (8–10cm) pulchellum. Angels’ trumpets
green. Arching flower stems bear loose
long, are thick and cylindrical. Is best clusters of tubular, pale yellow flowers, SOLANACEAE
grown on a bark slab. Provide good light with protruding tips, in early summer. Is BROMELIA Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
in summer. H11–10. best grown in an alpine house. Z12–15 shrubs, trees and annuals, grown for
BROMELIACEAE
their flowers borne mainly in summer–
A
B BRASSICA
H11–10.
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming fall. Prefers full light and fertile, well-
perennials, grown for their overall drained soil. Water container specimens
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE BRIMEURA appearance. Needs full light and well- freely in full growth, moderately at other
Genus of annuals and evergreen biennials LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE drained soil. Water moderately in summer, times. May be pruned hard in early
and perennials. Most are edible vegetables, sparingly at other times. Propagate by spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, similar
e.g. cabbages and kales, but forms of suckers in spring. by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
to miniature bluebells, cultivated for their
B. oleracea are grown for ornamental B. balansae, illus. p.470. early summer or later. Whitefly and red
flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and
foliage. Grow in sun and fertile, well-
shrub borders. Requires partial shade spider mite may be troublesome. T All
drained soil. Lime-rich soil is preferable,
and prefers rich, well-drained soil. BROMUS parts are highly toxic if ingested.
though not essential. Propagate by seed Brome B. arborea, syn. B. versicolor (Common
Propagate by seed in fall or by division
sown outdoors in spring or under glass in angels’ trumpet). Evergreen or
in late summer. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
early spring. Is susceptible to club root. semievergreen, rounded, robust shrub.
B. amethystina, syn. Hyacinthus
B. Northern Lights Series, illus. p.306. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES H and S to 10ft (3m). Bears narrowly oval
amethystinus, illus. p.419. and SEDGES.
B. oleracea forms (Ornamental cabbage). leaves, 8in (20cm) or more long. Produces
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, Brittonastrum mexicanum. See B. ramosus (Hairy brome grass). strongly fragrant, pendent, trumpet-
rounded biennial, grown as an annual. Agastache mexicana. Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass. shaped, white flowers, 6–8in (16–20cm)
H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has heads H to 6ft (2m), S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves long with a spathe-like calyx, in summer–
of large, often crinkled leaves, in are lax and hairy. Produces long, arching fall. Z11 H11–10.
combinations of red/green, white/pink,
BRIZA panicles of nodding, gray-green spikelets B. aurea. Evergreen, rounded shrub or
pink/green. Do not allow to flower. Z7–11 Quaking grass in summer. Prefers shade. H12–1. tree. H and S 20–35ft (6–11m). Has oval
H6–1. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE leaves, 6in (15cm) long. In summer–fall
x Brassocattleya Mount Adams gx. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES BROUSSONETIA produces pendent, trumpet-shaped, white
or yellow flowers, 6–10in (15–25cm) long.
See x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Mount and SEDGES. MORACEAE Z11 H11–10.
Adams gx. B. maxima (Greater quaking grass).
Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, B. x candida. Semievergreen, rounded
x Brassolaeliocattleya Hetherington Robust, tuft-forming, annual grass. H to
grown for their foliage and unusual shrub or small tree. H 10–15ft (3–5m),
Horace gx ‘Coronation’. See 20in (50cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Mid-green flowers. Male and female flowers are S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Has oval, downy leaves
x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Hetherington leaves are mainly basal. Produces loose produced on different plants. Requires and strongly scented, pendulous, white
Horace gx ‘Coronation’. panicles of up to 10 pendent, purplish- full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate flowers, sometimes cream or pinkish, in
x Brassolaeliocattleya St. Helier gx. green spikelets, in early summer, that dry by softwood cuttings in summer or by summer–fall. Z11 H11–10. ‘Grand
See x Rhyncholaeliocattleya St. Helier gx. particularly well for winter decoration. seed in fall. Marnier’, syn. B. ‘Grand Marnier’ illus.
Bravoa geminiflora. See Polianthes Self-seeds readily. H11–1. B. papyrifera, illus. p.74. p.319.
geminiflora. B. media (Common quaking grass). B. ‘Grand Marnier’. See B. x candida
Evergreen, tuft-forming, rhizomatous,
perennial grass. H 12–24in (30–60cm),
BROWALLIA ‘Grand Marnier’.
BREYNIA S 3–4in (8–10cm). Mid-green leaves are
Amethyst flower
B. rosei. See B. sanguinea.
B. sanguinea, syn. B. rosei (Red angels’
EUPHORBIACEAE/PHYLLANTHACEAE mainly basal. In summer produces open SOLANACEAE trumpet). Semievergreen, erect to rounded
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, panicles of up to 30 pendent, purplish- Genus of shrubby perennials, usually shrub or small tree. H 10–15ft (3–5m),
524 grown for their foliage. Requires full light brown spikelets that dry well for winter grown as annuals, with showy, open S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has lobed, young leaves
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained decoration. Z4–11 H11–1. trumpet-shaped flowers. Grows best in and large, trumpet-shaped, yellow and
02 RUN HEAD
BUXUS
TOP
orange-red flowers from late summer to well-drained soil. B. crispa, B. davidii, B. arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Long
winter. Z11 H11–10. fallowiana, B. ‘Lochinch’ and B. x plumes of fragrant, tubular, lilac-blue BUTIA
B. versicolor. See B. arborea. weyeriana should be cut back hard in flowers are borne above lance-shaped, Yatay palm
spring. Prune B. alternifolia by removing gray-green leaves in late summer and ARECACEAE/PALMAE
shoots that have flowered. Other species
BRUNFELSIA fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
may be cut back lightly after flowering. B. madagascariensis, syn. Nicodemia
SOLANACEAE their overall appearance. Grow in
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in madagascariensis. Evergreen, arching
fertile, well-drained soil and in full light
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their summer. shrub. H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Has
or partial shade. Water regularly, less
flowers. Needs semi-shade and rich, well- B. agathosma. Deciduous, upright narrowly lance-shaped, dark green in winter. Red spider mite may be a
drained soil. Water container plants shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Large, leaves, white beneath, and, in late problem.
moderately, much less in low temperatures. triangular-shaped, feltlike, silvery-green winter and spring, long clusters of B. capitata, syn. Cocos capitata (Jelly
Remove stem tips to promote branching leaves have wavy margins. Fragrant, tubular, orange-yellow flowers. Grow palm). Slow-growing, evergreen palm.
in growing season. Propagate by semiripe tubular, lilac flowers, with orange against a south- or west-facing wall. H 12–20ft (4–6m), S 10–15ft (3–5m).
cuttings in summer. Mealy bug and centers, are borne in late spring. Z12–15 H11–1. Feather-shaped leaves, 6ft (2m) or more
whitefly may be a problem. Z5–7 H7–4. B. salviifolia (South African sage wood), long and composed of many leathery
B. calycina. See B. pauciflora. B. alternifolia (Fountain butterfly bush), illus. p.114. Semievergreen, arching shrub. leaflets, are strongly arching to recurved.
B. eximia. See B. pauciflora. illus. p.114. Deciduous, arching shrub H 13ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Has sage-like, Z11 H11–10.
B. pauciflora, syn. B. calycina, B. eximia that can be trained as a weeping tree. lance-shaped, wrinkled, blue-green leaves,
(Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow). H and S 12ft (4m). Has slender, pendent covered in fine hairs. Fragrant, tubular,
Evergreen, spreading shrub. H and S 2ft shoots and narrow, gray-green leaves. white to pale lilac flowers are produced in
BUTOMUS
(60cm) or more. Bears oblong to lance- Neat clusters of fragrant, lilac-purple early summer. Z8–11 H11–8. BUTOMACEAE
shaped, leathery, glossy leaves. Blue-purple flowers are borne in early summer. B. x weyeriana. Deciduous, arching Genus of one species of deciduous,
flowers, each with a tubular base and 5 Z6–9 H10–1. shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears lance- perennial, rushlike, marginal water plant,
overlapping, wavy-edged petals, are B. asiatica. Evergreen, arching shrub. shaped, dark green leaves, and loose, grown for its fragrant, cup-shaped flowers.
produced from winter to summer. Z12–15 H and S 10ft (3m). Long plumes of very rounded clusters of tubular, orange- Requires an open, sunny situation in up to
H11–10. ‘Macrantha’, illus. p.457. fragrant, tubular, white flowers appear yellow flowers, often tinged purple, 10in (25cm) depth of water. Propagate by
amid long, narrow, dark green leaves in from mid-summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–2. division in spring or by seed in spring or
BRUNNERA late winter and early spring. Grow ‘Moonlight’ (illus. p.114) bears pale late summer.
against a south- or west-facing wall. cream flowers with deep orange-yellow B. umbellatus, illus. p.438.
BORAGINACEAE Z8–9 H9–8. throats. ‘Sungold’ (illus. p.114) has
Genus of spring-flowering perennials. B. colvilei. Deciduous, arching shrub,
Prefers light shade and moist soil. often treelike with age. H and S 20ft (6m).
dense clusters of dark orange-yellow BUXUS
flowers.
Propagate by division in spring or fall Has lance-shaped, dark green foliage Boxwood, box
or by seed in fall. among which large, tubular, white- BUXACEAE
B. macrophylla (Siberian bugloss). throated, deep pink to purplish-red BULBOCODIUM Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), flowers are borne in drooping racemes in LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE grown for their foliage and habit. Is
S 24in (60cm). Delicate sprays of small, early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Kewensis’
Genus of spring-flowering corms, related excellent for edging, hedging and
star-shaped, forget-me-not-like, bright (illus. p.114), H and S 15ft (5m), has white-
to Colchicum and with funnel-shaped topiary work. Flowers are insignificant.
blue flowers in early spring are followed throated, deep red flowers. Z8–9 H9–8. Requires sun or semi-shade and any but
flowers. Is particularly suitable for rock
by heart-shaped, rough, long-stalked B. crispa, illus. p.204.
gardens and cool greenhouses. Requires waterlogged soil. Trim hedges in summer. B
A
leaves. Makes good groundcover. Z3–7 B. davidii (Butterfly bush). Variable, fast- Promote new growth by cutting back
H7–1. ‘Dawson’s White’ has delicate an open, sunny site and well-drained soil.
growing, deciduous shrub. H 10–16ft stems to 12in (30cm) or less in late spring.
sprays of small, bright blue flowers in Propagate by seed in fall or by division in
(3–5m), S to 16ft (5m). Long, arching Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
late summer and early fall.
spring. Shelter from wind to prevent branches bear lance-shaped, pointed,
B. vernum, illus. p.418. summer. T Contact with boxwood sap
leaf damage. Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Jack Frost’ mid- to gray-green leaves, to 10in (25cm) may irritate skin.
illus. p.261. long. Bears dense, semi-pendent panicles, B. balearica (Balearic boxwood), illus.
x Brunsdonna parkeri. See x Amarygia
to 8in (20cm) or more, of small, very BULBOPHYLLUM p.145.
fragrant, tubular, lilac to purple or white ORCHIDACEAE B. microphylla (Small-leaved boxwood).
parkeri.
flowers from mid-summer to fall. Is Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m),
See also ORCHIDS.
tolerant of dry conditions. Z6–9 H9–1. S 5ft (1.5m). Forms a dense, rounded
BRUNSVIGIA ‘Black Knight’ (illus. p.114) has dark
B. careyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic
mass of small, oblong, dark green
green leaves with white-felted undersides orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.
AMARYLLIDACEAE leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Green Pillow’,
and dark violet-purple flowers. H 3in (8cm). Oval leaves are 3–4in (8–10cm)
illus. p.167.
Genus of fall-flowering bulbs with heads long. In spring produces tight sprays of
‘Dartmoor’ (illus. p.114) has deeply cut B. sempervirens (Common boxwood).
of showy flowers. Requires sun and well- many slightly fragrant, brown flowers,
leaf margins and produces large, Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. H and
drained soil. Water in fall to encourage 1
⁄4in (0.5cm) across. Grows best in a
branched panicles of deep rich lilac- S 15ft (5m). Produces leaves that are
bulbs into growth and continue watering hanging basket. Needs partial shade
purple flowers. ‘Empire Blue’ has rich oblong, glossy and dark green. Is useful
until summer, when the leaves will die in summer. Z13–15 H11–10.
violet-blue flowers. ‘Harlequin’ has red- for hedging and screening. Z6–8 H8–6.
away; dormant bulbs should be kept fairly
purple flowers. ‘Peace’ bears long ‘Handsworthensis’, illus. p.144.
dry and warm. Propagate by seed sown
in fall or by offsets in late summer.
plumes of white flowers. ‘Pink Delight’ BUPHTHALMUM ‘Suffruticosa’, illus. p.167.
(illus. p.114) has panicles, 12in (30cm) B. wallichiana (Himalayan boxwood).
B. josephinae (Josephine’s lily). Fall- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
long, of orange-eyed, bright pink flowers. Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub
flowering bulb. H to 18in (45cm),
‘Pink Pearl’ produces pale lilac-pink Genus of summer-flowering perennials. with open habit. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears a sturdy,
flowers. ‘Royal Red’ has rich purple-red Requires full sun; grows well in any but long, narrow, glossy, bright green leaves.
leafless stem with a spherical head of
flowers. ‘White Profusion’ (illus. p.114) rich soil. Propagate by seed in spring or Z9–10 H10–8.
20–30 funnel-shaped, red flowers,
bears masses of snow-white flowers, fall or by division in fall. Needs frequent
3–31/2in (7–9cm) long, with recurved
each with a yellow eye. Z6–9 H9–1. division to curb invasiveness.
petal tips. Semierect, oblong leaves are
B. fallowiana. Deciduous, arching B. salicifolium, illus. p.276.
produced after flowering. Z12–15 H12–10.
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Shoots and B. speciosum. See Telekia speciosa.
Bryophyllum. See Kalanchoe. lance-shaped leaves, when young, are
covered with white hairs; foliage then BUPLEURUM
BUDDLEJA becomes dark gray-green. Has fragrant,
tubular, lavender-purple flowers in late
Butterfly bush
summer and early fall. Is often damaged Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs,
BUDDLEJACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE in very severe winters; grow against a grown for their foliage and flowers. Grows
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or wall in cold areas. Z6–9 H9–6. var. alba well in coastal gardens. Needs full sun and
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for has white flowers. well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
their clusters of small, often fragrant B. globosa, illus. p.116. cuttings in summer. 525
flowers. Requires full sun and fertile, B. ‘Lochinch’, illus. p.114. Deciduous, B. fruticosum, illus. p.139.
www.ebook777.com
CABOMBA
C
heads of small, rounded, pouch-shaped ‘Fiesta Gitana’ Fiesta Gitana Group
CALANTHE flowers in shades of yellow, orange or red (dwarf), syn. C. officinalis ‘Fiesta Gitana’
ORCHIDACEAE in summer. Z8–9 H6–1. illus. p.325. ‘Geisha Girl’ (tall) illus. p.326.
C. darwinii. See C. uniflora var. darwinii. Pacific Beauty Series ‘Lemon Queen’
See also ORCHIDS.
C. fothergillii. Evergreen, clump- (dwarf) illus. p.322. See C. officinalis Fiesta
C. sieboldii. See C. striata.
CABOMBA C. striata, syn. C. sieboldii, illus. p.275.
forming, short-lived perennial. H and Gitana Group.
S 5in (12cm). Has a rosette of rounded,
CABOMBACEAE C. vestita, illus. p.466. Deciduous,
light green leaves with hairy edges and,
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 24in (60cm). In winter
in summer, solitary pouch-shaped, sulfur-
CALIBRACHOA
perennial, submerged water plants with bears sprays of many white flowers, 11/2in SOLANACEAE
yellow flowers with crimson spots. Is good
finely divided foliage. Is suitable for (4cm) across, each with a large, red-marked
for a sheltered rock ledge or trough or in Genus of shrubby perennials, once
aquariums. Prefers partial shade. Propagate lip. Has broadly oval, ribbed, soft leaves,
an alpine house. Needs gritty, rich, acidic included in Petunia, grown for their showy
by stem cuttings in spring or summer. 12in (30cm) long. In summer requires
soil. Is prone to aphid attack. Z8–9 H6–1. flowers. Is good as a hanging basket or
C. caroliniana (Fanwort, Fish grass, partial shade and regular feeding. H11–10.
C. integrifolia. Evergreen, upright container plant. Needs full sun and well-
Washington grass). Deciduous or subshrub, usually grown as an annual. drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
semievergreen, perennial, submerged CALATHEA H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer cuttings in summer or by seed in spring.
water plant. S indefinite. Forms dense, bears crowded clusters of pouch-shaped, C. Cabaret Series CABARET APRICOT
MARANTACEAE
spreading hummocks of fan-shaped, yellow to red-brown flowers above (‘Balcabapt’) Mound-forming and
coarsely cut, bright green leaves. Is used Genus of frost-sensitive evergreen
oblong to elliptic, mid-green leaves, trailing, prolific tender perennial, grown as
as an oxygenating plant in aquariums or perennials, grown for their brightly
sometimes rust-colored beneath. Z8–9 an annual. H 5in (13cm), S 18in (45cm). Has
ponds. Z6–11 H11–6. colored and patterned leaves. Prefers
H6–1. ‘Sunshine’, H and S 8in (20cm), is twiggy stems with narrowly ovate, dark
a shaded, humid position, without
Cacalia. See Emilia. compact and bushy with bright golden- green leaves. Trumpet-shaped flowers,
fluctuations of temperature, in rich, well-
yellow flowers in late spring and summer. 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across, flecked in apricot,
drained soil. Water with rain- or filtered
C. ‘John Innes’, illus. p.277. cream and yellow, are borne in summer–
CAESALPINIA water, sparingly in low temperatures,
C. ‘Monarch’. Group of bushy annuals fall. CABERET LIGHT PINK (‘Balcablitpi’)
but do not allow to dry out completely.
LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE or biennials. H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, illus. p.300.
Propagate by division in spring.
lightly hairy, mid-green leaves and, in C. Million Bells Series MILLION BELLS
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, C. lindeniana. Evergreen, clump-forming
spring-summer, bears heads of large, CHERRY PINK (‘Sunbelrichipi’),
trees and scrambling climbers, grown for perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Lance-
rounded, pouch-shaped flowers, 2in (5cm) illus. p.306.
their foliage and flowers. Needs full sun shaped, long-stalked, more or less upright
leaves, 1ft (30cm) or more long, are dark long, in a wide range of colors. Z8–9 H6–1.
C. pavonii. Robust, evergreen, scandent
by softwood cuttings in summer or by green, with paler green, feathered midribs
climber. H 6ft (2m) or more. Has oval,
CALLA
seed in fall or spring. above and marked reddish-purple below.
serrated, soft-haired leaves with winged ARACEAE
C. gilliesii, syn. Poinciana gilliesii, illus. Intermittently bears short, erect spikes of
3-petaled, pale yellow flowers. Z14–15 stalks. Pouch-shaped, yellow flowers with Genus of one species of deciduous or
p.116.
H11–10. brown marks are produced in large trusses semievergreen, perennial, spreading,
C. pulcherrima, syn. Poinciana
C. majestica ‘Roseolineata’, syn. from late summer to winter. Z8–9 H6–1. marginal water plant, grown for its
pulcherrima (Barbados pride). Evergreen,
C. ornata ‘Roseolineata’. Evergreen, clump- C. polyrrhiza, syn. C. acutifolia. Evergreen, foliage and showy spathes that surround
erect to spreading shrub or tree. H and S 10–
forming, stemless perennial. H to 6ft (2m), prostrate perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S 6in insignificant flower clusters. Requires a
20ft (3–6m). Has fernlike leaves composed of
S to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly oval, leathery (15cm). Has rounded, hairy, mid-green sunny position, in mud or in shallow
many small, mid-green leaflets. In summer
C bears cup-shaped, yellow flowers, 11/4in leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are dark green, leaves along flower stem, which bears water to 10in (25cm) deep. Propagate
with close-set, fine, pink stripes along the pouch-shaped, purple-spotted, yellow by division in spring or by seed in late
(3cm) wide, with very long, red anthers, in
short, dense, erect racemes. Z9–11 H11–9. lateral veins and reddish-purple below. flowers in summer. Is good for a shady summer. T Contact with the foliage
Intermittently bears short, erect spikes of rock garden. May also be propagated by may aggravate skin allergies.
3-petaled, white to mauve flowers. Z14–15 division in fall or spring. Z8–9 H6–1. C. palustris, illus. p.434.
CALADIUM H11–1. ‘Sanderiana’. See C. sanderiana. C. tenella, illus. p.371.
ARACEAE C. uniflora var. darwinii, syn.
C. makoyana, illus. p.475.
C. darwinii. Evergreen, clump-forming,
CALLIANDRA
Genus of perennials with tubers from C. oppenheimiana. See Ctenanthe
short-lived perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 4in LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE
which arise long-stalked, ornamental oppenheimiana.
C. ornata ‘Roseolineata’. See (10cm). Bears rounded, wrinkled, glossy, Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
leaves. Requires partial shade and moist,
C. majestica ‘Roseolineata’. dark green leaves. In late spring, flower scandent semi-climbers, grown for their
rich soil. After leaves have died down,
C. sanderiana, syn. C. majestica stems carry pendent, pouch-shaped, yellow flowers and overall appearance. Requires
store tubers in a frost-free, dark place.
‘Sanderiana’, illus. p.472. flowers with dark brown spots on lower full sun or partial shade and well-drained
Propagate by separating small tubers
lips and central, white bands. Is difficult soil. Water container plants freely when in
when planting in spring. T Contact with C. zebrina, illus. p.475.
to grow. Needs a sheltered, sunny site in full growth, much less when temperatures
all parts may irritate skin, and may cause
moist, gritty, rich acidic soil. Is prone to are low. To restrict growth, cut back stems
mild stomach upset if ingested. CALCEOLARIA attack by aphids. Z8–9 H6–1. by one-half to two-thirds after flowering.
C. bicolor (fancy-leaf caladium). Z15 Pouch flower, Slipper flower C. ‘Walter Shrimpton’, illus. p.372. Propagate by seed sown indoors in spring.
H11–4. ‘Candidum’ is a tufted perennial.
SCROPHULARIACEAE Whiteflies and mealy bug may be
H and S to 36in (90cm). Triangular, green-
veined, white leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen CALENDULA troublesome.
have arrow-shaped bases and long leaf perennials, subshrubs and scandent C. eriophylla, illus. p.453.
Marigold
stalks. Intermittently bears white spathes; climbers, some of which are grown as C. haematocephala (Red powder puff) is
annuals. Most prefer sun but some like a
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE an evergreen, spreading shrub. H 10–20ft
small flowers clustered on spadix
sometimes produce whitish berries. ‘John shady, cool site and moist but well-drained Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs. (3–6m), S 6–12ft (2–4m). Leaves have 16–24
Peed’ has purple stems and waxy, green soil, incorporating sharp sand and Grow in sun or partial shade and in any leaflets. Flower heads comprising many
leaves with metallic orange-red centers and compost, and dislike wet conditions in well-drained soil. Dead-head regularly to white-stamened florets appear from late fall
scarlet veins. ‘Pink Beauty’ illus. p.470. winter. Propagate by softwood cuttings prolong flowering. Propagate annuals by to spring. illus. p.454. Z12–15 H11–10.
‘Pink Cloud’ has large, dark green leaves in late spring or summer or by seed in fall. seed sown outdoors in spring or fall, shrubs
by stem cuttings in summer. Annuals may
with mottled pink centers, and pink to C. acutifolia. See C. polyrrhiza. CALLIANTHEMUM
white areas along the veins. C. Anytime Series. Compact, bushy self-seed. Cucumber mosaic virus and
annuals or biennials. H 8in (20cm), S 6in powdery mildew may cause problems. RANUNCULACEAE
(15cm). Has oval, slightly hairy, mid-green C. officinalis (English marigold). Fast- Genus of perennials, grown for their
CALAMAGROSTIS leaves and, in spring–summer, heads of growing, bushy annual. Tall cultivars, daisylike flowers and thick, dissected
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE rounded, pouch-shaped flowers, 2in (5cm) H and S 24in (60cm); dwarf forms, H and leaves. Is excellent for rock gardens
long, in red and yellow shades, including S 12in (30cm). All have lance-shaped, and alpine houses. Needs sun and moist
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
bicolors. Z8–9 H6–1. strongly aromatic, pale green leaves. but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
and SEDGES.
C. brachytricha, illus. p.284. C. arachnoidea, illus. p.341. Daisylike, single or double flower heads in when fresh.
C. ‘Bright Bikinis’. Compact, bushy a wide range of yellow and orange shades C. coriandrifolium, syn. C. rutifolium.
526 Calandrinia megarhiza of gardens. annual or biennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has are produced from spring to fall. Z8–9 Prostrate perennial with upright flower
See Claytonia megarhiza. oval, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves, and H6–1. ‘Daisy May’ (dwarf) illus. p.321. stems. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves,
CALOCHORTUS
forming open rosettes, are long-stalked, C. speciosus (Albany bottlebrush). and white flowers. ‘Beoley Gold’ (illus. H 10in (25cm), has golden foliage and white
very dissected and blue-green. In spring Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). p.166), S 20in (50cm), has golden foliage flowers. ‘Silver Knight’, H 12in (30cm), is
has short-stemmed, many-petaled, Produces long, narrow, gray-green leaves. and white flowers. ‘Beoley Silver’, of upright habit with gray leaves and
white flowers with yellow centers. Is Cylindrical clusters of bright red flowers H 16in (40cm), has silver foliage and mauve-pink flowers. ‘Silver Queen’,
susceptible to slugs. Z4–7 H7–1. are produced in late spring and early white flowers. ‘Blazeaway’, H 14in H 16in (40cm), S 22in (55cm), is a spreading
C. rutifolium. See C. coriandrifolium. summer. Z10–11 H11–10. (35cm), S 24in (60cm), has gold foliage cultivar with dark mauve-pink flowers. ‘Sir
C. subulatus, illus. p.203. in summer that turns orange, then fiery John Charrington’ has bright-colored
C. viminalis (Weeping bottlebrush). red in winter. ‘Bonfire Brilliance’, foliage, varying from golden-yellow in
CALLICARPA Evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft H 12in (30cm), has bright, flame-colored summer to orange and red in winter, and
Beautyberry
(5m). Narrowly oblong, bronze, young foliage and mauve-pink flowers. dark mauve-pink flowers. ‘Sister Anne’,
VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE leaves mature to dark green. Bears clusters ‘Boskoop’, H 12in (30cm), is compact H 6in (15cm), has gray leaves and pale
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering of bright red flowers in summer. Z9–11 with golden foliage that turns deep orange mauve-pink flowers. ‘Snowball’. See
shrubs, grown for their small but striking, H11–10. in winter and lilac-pink flowers. ‘County C. vulgaris ‘My Dream’. ‘Spring Cream’
clustered fruits. Does best in full sun and Wicklow’, H 12in (30cm), S 14in (35cm), has bright green leaves, which have cream
is compact with double, shell-pink flowers. tips in spring, and white flowers. ‘Spring
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
CALLISTEPHUS Torch’, H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm), has
softwood cuttings in summer. ‘Dark Beauty’, H 8in (20cm), S 14in
China aster mauve flowers with cream, orange and red
C. bodinieri (Bodinier beautyberry). (35cm), is neat and compact, and bears
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE bright, semidouble, crimson flowers. tips in spring. ‘Sunset’, H 10in (25cm), has
(2.5m). Has oval, dark green leaves. Tiny, Genus of one species of annual. Requires ‘Darkness’, H 16in (40cm), S 14in (35cm), brightly colored foliage, changing from
star-shaped, lilac flowers in mid-summer sun, a sheltered position and fertile, well- is compact with crimson flowers. ‘Dark golden-yellow in spring to orange in
are followed by dense clusters of spherical, drained soil. Tall cultivars need support; all Star’ (illus. p.166), H 8in (20cm), S 14in summer and fiery red in winter; flowers are
violet fruits. Z5–8 H8–3. var. giraldii illus. should be dead-headed. Propagate by seed (35cm), has short racemes of semidouble, mauve-pink. ‘Tib’ (illus. p.166), H 12in
p.141. sown in a cold frame in spring; seed may deep crimson flowers. ‘Elsie Purnell’ is (30cm), S 16in (40cm), is the earliest
also be sown outdoors in mid-spring. Wilt a spreading cultivar with grayish-green flowering double cultivar, producing small,
disease, viruses, root rot and aphids may leaves and double, pale pink flowers. double, deep pink flowers in early summer.
CALLISIA ‘Finale’ bears dark pink flowers from late ‘White Lawn’, H 4in (10cm), is a creeping
be a problem.
COMMELINACEAE C. chinensis. Moderately fast-growing, fall to early winter. ‘Firefly’, H 20in (50cm), cultivar with bright green foliage and white
Genus of evergreen, prostrate perennials, erect, bushy annual. Tall cultivars, H 24in with deep mauve flowers, has foliage that flowers on long stems; is suitable for a rock
grown for their ornamental foliage and (60cm), S 18in (45cm); intermediate, H 18in is terra-cotta in summer, brick-red in garden. ‘Wickwar Flame’ (illus. p.166) is
trailing habit. Grow in full light, but out of (45cm), S 12in (30cm); dwarf, H 10–12in winter. ‘Foxii Nana’, H 6in (15cm), forms primarily a foliage plant with leaves in
direct sunlight, in fertile, well-drained soil. (25–30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm); very dwarf, low mounds of bright green foliage and shades of yellow, orange and flame that are
Propagate by tip cuttings in spring, either H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). All have oval, produces a few mauve-pink flowers. ‘Fred particularly effective in winter; flowers are
annually or when plants become straggly. toothed, mid-green leaves and flower in J. Chapple’ has bright pink- and coral- mauve-pink.
C. navicularis, syn. Tradescantia summer and early fall. Different forms are tipped foliage in spring; mauve-pink
navicularis. Evergreen, low-growing available in a wide color range, including flowers are borne on long stems. ‘Golden CALOCEDRUS
perennial with creeping, rooting shoots. pink, red, blue and white. H9–1. Duchesse Feather’ has bright yellow foliage, turning
CUPRESSACEAE
H 2–3in (5–8cm), S indefinite. Has 2 rows Series (tall) has incurved, chrysanthemum- orange in winter, and mauve-pink flowers.
of oval, keeled leaves, 1in (2.5cm) long, like flower heads. Milady Super Series ‘Gold Haze’ has bright golden foliage and See also CONIFERS.
sheathing the stem, and stalkless clusters (dwarf) has incurved, fully double flower white flowers. ‘Hammondii Aureifolia’, C. decurrens, syn. Libocedrus decurrens,
of small, 3-petaled, pinkish-purple flowers heads available either in mixed or single H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), has white illus. p.101. C
in leaf axils in summer–fall. Z6–8 H8–6. colors, illus. p.304, p.312. Ostrich Plume flowers. Foliage is light green, tipped Calocephalus brownii. See
C. repens. Evergreen, creeping Series (tall) illus. p.303. Pompon Series yellow in spring and early summer. ‘H.E. Leucophyta brownii.
perennial with rooting stems. H 4in (tall) has small, double flower heads. Beale’, H 20in (50cm), is one of the best
(10cm), S indefinite. Has densely packed Princess Series (tall) has double flower double-flowered heathers, with pale pink
leaves, sometimes white-banded and heads with quilled petals. flowers on long stems. ‘J.H. Hamilton’, CALOCHONE
often purplish beneath. Rarely, has H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm), is compact with RUBIACEAE
inconspicuous, white flowers in winter. double, salmon-pink flowers. ‘Joy
Z14–15 H11–10.
CALLUNA Vanstone’ has golden foliage, turning to
Genus of evergreen, scrambling climbers,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light
ERICACEAE orange and bronze, and mauve-pink and rich, well-drained soil. Water regularly,
flowers. ‘Kerstin’, H 12in (30cm),
CALLISTEMON See also HEATHERS.
produces mauve flowers and has downy,
less in cold weather. Needs tying to a
C. vulgaris. Evergreen, bushy shrub. support. Thin out stems after flowering.
Bottlebrush
H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Slightly deep lilac-gray foliage in winter, tipped Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
MYRTACEAE fleshy, linear leaves, in opposite and pale yellow and red in spring. C. redingii. Moderately vigorous,
Genus of evergreen shrubs, usually overlapping pairs, may range in color from ‘Kinlochruel’, H 12in (30cm), S 14in evergreen, scrambling climber. H 10–15ft
with narrow, pointed leaves, grown for bright green to many shades of gray, (35cm), bears an abundance of large, (3–5m). Has oval, pointed, hairy leaves,
their clustered flowers, which, with their yellow, orange and red. Spikes of bell- to double, white flowers. ‘Loch Turret’, 3–5in (7–12cm) long. Trusses of primrose-
profusion of long stamens, resemble urn-shaped, single or double flowers are H 12in (30cm), has emerald-green foliage shaped, red to orange-pink flowers are
bottlebrushes. Where marginally hardy, produced from mid-summer to late fall. and produces white flowers in early produced in winter. Z14–15 H11–10.
grow against a south- or west-facing wall Unlike Erica, most of the flower color summer. ‘Mair’s Variety’, an old cultivar,
or in a cool greenhouse. Requires full sun derives from the sepals. The following has white flowers on long spikes.
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by cultivars are H 18in (45cm), have mid-green ‘Marleen’ is unusual in that its long-
CALOCHORTUS
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in leaves and bear single flowers in late lasting, dark mauve flower buds, borne
Cat’s ears, Fairy lanterns, Mariposa
fall or spring. summer and early fall, unless otherwise from early to late fall, do not open fully.
lilies
C. citrinus ‘Splendens’, illus. p.203. stated. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Alba Plena’, H 12–18in ‘Mullion’, H 10in (25cm), S 20in (50cm), is LILIACEAE
C. pallidus, illus. p.139. (30–45cm), bears double, white flowers. a spreading cultivar with rich mauve-pink Genus of bulbs, grown for their spring and
C. paludosus. See C. sieberi. ‘Alexandra’, H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), flowers. ‘Multicolor’, H 8in (20cm 8in), is summer flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny
C. pityoides. Evergreen, compact, upright has an upright habit, dark green foliage, compact with foliage in shades of yellow, site and well-drained soil. In cold, damp
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Fully hardy. and deep crimson buds until early winter. orange, red and green year-round; flowers climates, cover or lift spring-flowering
Is densely covered with sharply pointed ‘Alicia’, H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), has are mauve-pink. ‘My Dream’, syn. C. species when dormant, or grow in cold
dark green leaves, and has short spikes of white buds until early winter, and a neat, vulgaris ‘Snowball’, H 20in (50cm), frames or cool greenhouses. After flowering,
yellow flowers in mid- and late summer. compact habit. ‘Allegro’, H 24in (60cm), produces double, white flowers that are remove bulbils for propagation. Propagate
Z12–15 H11–10. is compact in habit and produces purple- borne on long, tapering stems. ‘Peter by seed or bulbils: spring-flowering species
C. rigidus, illus. p.137. red flowers. ‘Alportii’, H 24–36in (60– Sparkes’ (illus. p.166), H 20in (50cm), in fall, summer-flowering species in spring.
C. sieberi, syn. C. paludosus. Evergreen, 90cm), has purple-red flowers. ‘Anette’, S 22in (55cm), bears double, deep pink C. albus (Fairy lantern). Spring-flowering
bushy, dense shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). H 14in (35cm), S 16in (40cm), has clear flowers. ‘Robert Chapman’ is a bulb. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
Has short, narrowly lance-shaped, rigid, pink buds until early winter. ‘Annemarie’ spreading cultivar and grown mainly for its Has long, narrow, erect, gray-green leaves
mid-green leaves and, from mid- to late (illus. p.166), H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm), foliage, which is golden-yellow in summer, near the base of the loosely branched stem.
summer, small clusters of pale yellow has double, rose-pink flowers, ideal for turning orange and brilliant red in winter; Each branch bears a pendent, globose, 527
flowers. Z10–11 H11–10. cutting. ‘Anthony Davis’ has gray leaves flowers are mauve-pink. ‘Ruth Sparkes’, white or pink flower. Z6–10 H10–6.
www.ebook777.com
CALODENDRUM
C. barbatus, syn. Cyclobothra lutea, illus. sunny situation and well-drained soil. Lies In mid-spring has large, flame-red flowers,
p.412. dormant in winter. Propagate in early CALYPSO often semidouble, peony- and anemone-
C. luteus, illus. p.406. spring by seed or division before growth ORCHIDACEAE form on the same plant. Leaves are large,
C. monophyllus. Summer-flowering bulb. starts. oval and dark green. Z7–8 H8–7.
See also ORCHIDS.
H 3–8in (8–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has an erect, C. neriniflorum, syn. Nothoscordum C. ‘Francie L.’. Vigorous shrub with long,
C. bulbosa. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.
branched stem with 1–3 slender leaves and neriniflorum. Clump-forming bulb. fan-shaped branches. H 15ft (5m), S 20ft
H 2–8in (5–20cm). Cormlike stem produces
1 long, narrow basal leaf. Bears cup- H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). (6m). Leaves are lance-shaped and dark
a single, oval, pleated leaf, 11/4–4in (3–10cm)
shaped, deep yellow flowers, often with a Threadlike, semierect, basal leaves die green, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long. Has large,
long. Purplish-pink flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5–
reddish mark on the claws. Petals are down at flowering time. Each leafless semidouble, salmon-red to deep rose-red
2cm) long, with hairy, purple-blotched,
fringed and densely bearded. Z7–10 H9–6. stem produces a loose head of 10–20 flowers from late winter to late spring.
white or pale pink lips, are produced singly
C. splendens. Late spring-flowering bulb. small, funnel-shaped, pinkish-red Z7–8 H8–7.
in late spring or early summer. Requires a
H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Bears flowers in late summer. Z5–10 H10–5. C. ‘Freedom Bell’, illus. p.121.
damp, partially shaded position with a
1 or 2 linear, erect leaves near base of Evergreen, dense, rounded shrub. H and
mulch of leaf mold. Z6–9 H9–6.
branched stem and 1–4 upward-facing, S 7ft (2.2m). Has masses of semidouble,
saucer-shaped, pale purple flowers, 2–3in CALOTHAMNUS bright red flowers, from late winter to early
(5–7cm) across, with a darker blotch at the MYRTACEAE CAMASSIA spring, and ovate, glossy, rich green leaves.
base of each of the 3 large petals. Z8–10 Camass Z7–8 H8–7.
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
H9–6. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE C. granthamiana. Evergreen, open
shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall
C. superbus, illus. p.409. shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval,
appearance. Thrives in a dryish, airy Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, suitable
C. venustus, illus. p.399. leathery leaves are crinkly and glossy, deep
environment. Requires full sun and well- for borders and pond margins. Requires
C. vestae. Late spring-flowering bulb. green. In late fall bears large, saucer-
drained, sandy soil. Water container plants sun or partial shade and deep, moist soil.
H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Is shaped, single, white flowers, to 7in (18cm)
moderately when in full growth, less at Plant bulbs in fall, 4in (10cm) deep. Lies
similar to C. splendens, but flowers are across, with up to 8 broad petals. Z7–8
other times. Propagate by seed or semiripe dormant in fall–winter. Propagate by seed
white or purple, with a rust-brown mark H8–7.
cuttings in summer. in fall or by division in late summer. If seed
near the base of each of the 3 large petals. C. hiemalis. Evergreen, upright, bushy
C. quadrifidus (Common net bush). is not required, cut off stems after
Z5–10 H10–5. shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has
Erect to spreading, evergreen shrub. flowering.
C. weedii. Summer-flowering bulb. small, lance-shaped leaves and fragrant,
H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has C. esculenta. See C. quamash.
H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Has single, cup-shaped, semi- or irregular
a linear, erect leaf near base of stem. linear, grayish to dark green or gray C. leichtlinii, illus. p.383. ‘Semiplena’ is
leaves. Irregular, axillary, one-sided a tuft-forming, summer-flowering bulb. double, white, pink or red flowers borne in
Produces usually 2 upright, saucer-shaped, late fall and winter. Is good for hedging.
orange-yellow flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) spikes of rich red, feathery flowers, 1in H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has
long, narrow, erect, basal leaves. Each Z7–8 H8–7.
across, with brown lines and flecks and (2.5cm) long, are produced from late
leafless stem bears a dense spike of C. hongkongensis. Evergreen, bushy
hairy inside. Z7–10 H9–6. spring to fall, often forming clusters,
narrow-petaled, double, creamy-white shrub or tree. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
8in (20cm) or more across, around the
flowers, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) across. Lance-shaped leaves, 4in (10cm) long, are
stems. Z12–15 H11–10.
CALODENDRUM C. quamash, syn. C. esculenta, illus. p.411. dark red when young, maturing to dark
green. Bears cup-shaped, single, deep
RUTACEAE
CALTHA crimson flowers, velvety beneath, in late
Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
RANUNCULACEAE
CAMELLIA spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
flowers, which are produced mainly in
THEACEAE C. ‘Innovation’. Evergreen, open,
C spring-summer. Needs full light and fertile,
moist but well-drained soil. Water
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, bog plants and rock garden Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, spreading shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).
grown for their flowers and foliage. Has large, oval, leathery leaves and, in
container specimens freely when in full plants, grown for their flowers. Most prefer
Flowers are classified according to the spring, produces large, peony-form,
growth, less at other times. Tolerates some an open, sunny position. Smaller-growing
following types: single, semidouble, lavender-shaded, wine-red flowers with
pruning. Propagate by seed in spring or by species are suitable for rock gardens,
anemone-form, peony-form, rose-form, twisted petals. Z7–8 H8–7.
semiripe cuttings in summer. troughs and alpine houses and require
formal double and irregular double. See C. ‘Inspiration’, illus. p.121. Evergreen,
C. capense (Cape chestnut). Fairly fast- moist but well-drained soil; larger species
feature panel pp.124–5 for illustrations and upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).
growing, evergreen, rounded tree. H and are best in marginal conditions. Propagate
descriptions. Grows well against walls and Leaves are oval and leathery. Saucer-
S to 50ft (15m) or more. Has oval leaves species by seed in fall or by division in fall
in containers. Most forms prefer a shaped, semidouble, phlox-pink flowers are
patterned with translucent dots. Terminal or early spring, selected forms by division
sheltered position and semi-shade. Well- freely produced in spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
panicles of 5-petaled, light pink to deep in fall or early spring.
drained, neutral to acidic soil is essential. C. japonica (Japanese camellia).
mauve flowers are produced from spring C. leptosepala, illus. p.435.
Prune to shape after flowering. Propagate Evergreen shrub or small tree that is very
to early summer. Z12–15 H12–10. C. palustris, illus. p.444. var. alba, syn.
by semiripe or hardwood cuttings from variable in habit, foliage and floral form.
C. palustris ‘Alba’ is a compact, deciduous, H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Numerous
mid-summer to early winter or by grafting
CALOMERIA perennial, marginal water plant. H 9in
in late winter or early spring. Aphids, cultivars are available; they are spring-
SYN. HUMEA (22cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, glossy, flowering unless otherwise stated. Z7–8
thrips and scale insects may cause
dark green leaves, and bears solitary, white H8–7. ‘Adolphe Audusson’ (illus. p.121)
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE problems under glass.
flowers, with yellow stamens, in early is a very reliable, old cultivar that is suitable
Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs. C. ‘Black Lace’, illus. p.121. Slow-
spring, often before the foliage develops. for all areas and will withstand lower
Only C. amaranthoides is cultivated, usually growing, dense, upright shrub. H 5–8ft
‘Alba’. See C. palustris var. alba. ‘Flore temperatures than most other variants.
as a biennial. Needs sun and fertile, well- (1.5–2.5m), S 3–8ft (1–2.5m). Has ovate, dark
Pleno’. See C. palustris ‘Plena’. ‘Plena’, Produces large, saucer-shaped, semidouble,
drained soil. Propagate by seed sown in a green leaves, 3in (8cm) long, and large,
syn. C. palustris ‘Flore Pleno’, illus. p.444. dark red flowers with prominent, yellow
cold frame in mid-summer. formal double, deep velvet-red flowers
from early to late spring. Z7–8 H8–7. stamens. Leaves are broadly lance-shaped
C. amaranthoides, syn. C. elegans
(Incense plant). Erect, branching biennial. CALYCANTHUS C. chrysantha. See C. nitidissima. and dark green. ‘Alba Plena’ (illus. p.120)
C. ‘Cornish Snow’, illus. p.120. Fast- has an erect habit with elliptic, mid-green
H to 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (90cm). Has lance- CALYCANTHACEAE
growing, evergreen, upright, bushy shrub. leaves and large, formal double, white
shaped leaves and heads of tiny, pink,
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped flowers. ‘Alba Simplex’ is bushy in habit
brownish-red or crimson flowers, with a
shrubs, grown for their purplish- or leaves, bronze when young, maturing to with broadly lance-shaped, mid-to yellow-
strong fragrance of incense, in summer–
brownish-red flowers with strap-shaped dark green. In early spring bears a green leaves and cup-shaped, single, white
fall. Z12–15 H11–10.
petals. Requires sun or light shade and profusion of small, cup-shaped, single, flowers in early spring. ‘Alexander
C. elegans. See C. amaranthoides.
fertile, deep, moist but well-drained soil. white flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. Hunter’, an upright, compact shrub, has
Calonyction aculeatum. See Ipomoea Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer C. cuspidata. Evergreen, upright shrub flattish, single, deep crimson flowers, with
alba. or by seed in fall. becoming bushy with age. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft some petaloids, and lance-shaped, dark
C. floridus (Allspice, Sweetshrub). (1.5m). Has small, lance-shaped leaves, green leaves. ‘Althaeiflora’ has a
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). vigorous, bushy habit, large, peony-form,
CALOSCORDUM Has oval, aromatic, dark green leaves and,
bronze when young, maturing to purplish-
dark red flowers and broadly oval, very
green. Small, cup-shaped, single, pure
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE from early to mid-summer, fragrant, white flowers are freely produced from leaf dark green leaves. ‘Apollo’, syn. C.
Genus of one species of summer-flowering brown-red flowers with masses of axils in early spring. Z7–8 H8–7. japonica ‘Paul’s Apollo’ is a vigorous,
528 bulb, related and similar to Allium. Is spreading petals. Z5–9 H9–1. C. ‘Dr. Clifford Parks’. Evergreen, branching shrub that produces semidouble,
suitable for rock gardens. Needs an open, C. occidentalis, illus. p.137. spreading shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m). red flowers sometimes blotched with white.
CAMPANULA
Leaves are glossy, dark green. ‘Berenice red flowers, often white-marbled. Has central petals. ‘Mandalay Queen’ has leaves. Large, peony-form, deep rose-pink
Boddy’ is a vigorous shrub that bears lance-shaped, dark green leaves. large, semidouble, deep rose-pink flowers. blooms are freely produced in spring. Z7–9
semidouble, light pink flowers amid lance- ‘Mathotiana’ illus. p.137. ‘Mrs. D.W. ‘Robert Fortune’. See C. reticulata H9–7. ‘Bow Bells’, H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m),
shaped, dark green leaves. ‘Betty Davis’ is a dense, spreading cultivar that ‘Songzilin’. ‘Songzilin’, syn. C. reticulata has a spreading habit with small, mid-
Sheffield Supreme’ is upright in habit bears very large, pendulous, cup-shaped, ‘Robert Fortune’ is upright and has large, green leaves and, in early spring, masses
with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. semidouble, delicate pink flowers that are formal double, deep red flowers. of cup-shaped, single, rose-pink flowers
Irregular double flowers have white petals backed by oval to lance-shaped, dark green C. rosiflora. Evergreen, spreading shrub. with deeper pink centers and veins.
bordered with shades of rose-pink. ‘Bob’s leaves. ‘Nobilissima’ (illus. p.120) has a H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are oval and dark ‘Brigadoon’ is a bushy shrub, bearing
Tinsie’ (illus. p.121) has a dense, upright semierect habit, elliptic, dark green leaves green. In spring bears small, saucer-shaped, semidouble, rose-pink flowers with broad,
habit, and bears miniature, anemone-form, and peony-form, lemon-tinted, white single, rose-pink flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. down-curving petals. ‘Debbie’ (illus. p.121)
brilliant red flowers from early to late flowers in late winter and early spring. C. saluenensis. Fast-growing, evergreen, bears large, peony-form, rose-pink flowers.
spring. ‘Brushfield’s Yellow’ (illus. p.121) ‘Paul’s Apollo’. See C. japonica ‘Apollo’. bushy shrub. H to 12ft (4m), S to 8ft (2.5m). Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Donation’ (illus. p.121) is a
has an erect, compact habit, elliptic, dark ‘R.L. Wheeler’ has robust, upright Has lance-shaped, stiff, dull green leaves. compact, upright plant that is very
green leaves and anemone-form, cream growth; large, broadly oval, leathery, very Cup-shaped, single, white to rose-red floriferous, with large, cup-shaped,
flowers, each with a pale yellow center. dark green leaves and very large, flattish, flowers are freely produced in early spring. semidouble, pink flowers. Z7–8 H8–7.
‘Coquettii’, syn. C. japonica ‘Glen 40’ is a anemone-form to semidouble, rose-pink Some forms may withstand lower ‘Dream Boat’ has a spreading habit, and
slow-growing, erect shrub. In early and flowers, with distinctive rings of golden temperatures. Z7–8 H8–7. bears medium, formal double, pale
mid-spring bears profuse, medium to large, stamens, often including some petaloids. C. sasanqua (Sasanqua camellia). Fast- purplish-pink flowers, with incurved petals,
deep red flowers, sometimes formal ‘Rubescens Major’ is an upright cultivar, growing, evergreen, dense, upright shrub. in mid-spring. ‘E.G. Waterhouse’ (illus.
double, sometimes peony-form. Z7–9 H9–7. becoming bushy with age, with oval to H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped, p.122) is an upright, free-flowering cultivar
‘Donckelaeri’. See C. japonica lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Bears glossy, bright green leaves. In fall bears a bearing formal double, pink flowers among
‘Masayoshi’. ‘Elegans’ has a spreading formal double, crimson-veined, rose-red profusion of fragrant, flattish to cup- pale green foliage. ‘Elizabeth de
habit and anemone-form, deep rose-pink flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Sieboldii’. See C. shaped, single, rarely semidouble, white Rothschild’ is vigorous and upright;
flowers with central petaloids often japonica ‘Tricolor’. ‘Tomorrow’s Dawn’ flowers; they may occasionally be pink or cup-shaped, semidouble, rose-pink flowers
variegated white. Leaves are broadly lance- is similar to ‘Tomorrow Park Hill’, but red. Does best in a hot, sunny site. Z7–8 are produced among glossy foliage. ‘Elsie
shaped and dark green. ‘Glen 40’. See produces pale pink flowers, each with a H8–7. ‘Hugh Evans’ is vigorous and has Jury’ has glossy, deep green leaves and
C. japonica ‘Coquettii’. ‘Gloire de Nantes’ white border and frequently red-streaked. an upright habit, so can be trained against large, full peony-form, clear pink flowers.
is an upright shrub, becoming bushy with ‘Tomorrow Park Hill’, one of the best of a wall, and bears single, pale pink flowers ‘Francis Hanger’ has an upright habit
age, that bears flattish to cup-shaped, many mutations of ‘Tomorrow’, is of in winter. ‘Jean May’ produces and bears single, white flowers with gold
semidouble, bright rose-pink flowers over vigorous, upright habit. Has lance-shaped, large, peony-form to double, pale pink stamens. ‘George Blandford’ is
a long period. Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and bears irregular flowers, from winter to early spring. spreading and bears semidouble, bright
glossy, dark green leaves. ‘Guilio Nuccio’ double flowers with deep pink, outer petals ‘Narumigata’ has large, cup-shaped, crimson-pink flowers in early spring.
is an upright, free-flowering cultivar that gradually fading to soft pink centers that single, white flowers, sometimes pink- ‘Golden Spangles’ is a cup-shaped,
spreads with age. Produces large, cup- are often variegated with white. ‘Tricolor’, flushed. ‘Shishigashira’ has small, single, deep pink cultivar with unusual,
shaped, semidouble, rose-red flowers with syn. C. japonica ‘Sieboldii’ (illus. p.121) has semidouble to rose-form, double, pinkish- variegated foliage, yellowish in centers of
wavy petals and often a confused center of bright green, crinkled, holly-like leaves, red flowers. leaves with dark green margins. ‘J.C.
petaloids and golden stamens. Dark green and bears medium, single or semidouble, C. ‘Satan’s Robe’. Vigorous, erect shrub. Williams’ (illus. p.121) is of pendulous
leaves are lance-shaped and occasionally red flowers, striped pink and white, in early H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves habit when mature and bears cup-shaped,
have “fishtail” tips. ‘Hagoromo’, syn. spring. are broadly elliptic, glossy and dark green, single, pink flowers from early winter to
C. japonica ‘Magnoliiflora’ (illus. p.120) has C. ‘Leonard Messel’, illus. p.121. 5–6in (12–16cm) long. From early to late late spring. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Joan Trehane’ C
a bushy habit and flattish to cup-shaped, Evergreen, open shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft spring produces large, semidouble, bright has strong, upright growth and large,
semidouble, blush-pink flowers. Twisted, (2.5m). Has large, oval, leathery, dark green carmine-red flowers, with yellow stamens. rose-form, double, rose-pink flowers.
light green leaves point downward. ‘Janet leaves. In spring bears a profusion of large, Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Jury’s Yellow’ (illus. p.121) is narrow
Waterhouse’ (illus. p.120) is strong- flattish to cup-shaped, semidouble, rose- C. ‘Shiro-wabisuke’. Slow-growing, and erect, bearing medium, anemone-
growing and has semidouble, white pink flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. compact shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). form, white flowers, with centers of yellow
flowers with golden anthers borne amid C. x maliflora. Evergreen, upright, bushy Has narrow, mid-green leaves. From mid- petaloids. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Ruby Wedding’
dark green foliage. ‘Julia Drayton’ has an shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has small, winter to early spring produces small, produces anemone to peony-form, vivid
upright habit and large, crimson flowers lance-shaped, thin-textured, light green single, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z7–8 red flowers, which are sometimes specked
varying from formal double to rose-form. leaves and, in spring, produces flattish to H8–7. white in the center. ‘Saint Ewe’ has
Dark green leaves are oval to lance-shaped cup-shaped, semidouble, pale pink- or C. ‘Spring Festival’, illus. p.121. glossy, light green foliage and funnel-
and slightly twisted. ‘Jupiter’ is an upright white-centered flowers with rose-pink Evergreen, upright shrub. H 6–13ft (2–4m), shaped, single, deep pink flowers. ‘Water
shrub that bears lance-shaped, dark green margins. Z7–8 H8–7. S 2–6ft (0.6–2m). Has elliptic, dark green Lily’ (illus. p.121) is an upright, compact
leaves and large, saucer-shaped, single, C. nitidissima, syn. C. chrysantha. Fast- leaves. Miniature, formal double, pink cultivar with dark green leaves and bears
pinkish-red flowers with golden stamens. growing, evergreen, open shrub or tree. flowers, maturing to pale pink, are formal double, mid-pink flowers with
‘Kumasaka’, syn. C. japonica ‘Lady H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10ft (3m). Has large, produced in mid-spring. Z7–8 H8–7. incurving petals in mid- to late spring.
Marion’ has an upright habit with narrowly oval, leathery, veined leaves. Small, stalked, C. tsaii. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 12ft Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Wilber Foss’ is rounded
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Produces cup-shaped, single, clear yellow flowers are (4m), S 10ft (3m). Small, lance-shaped, light with dark green foliage and large, broad,
formal double, or occasionally peony-form, produced from leaf axils in spring. Z7–8 green leaves turn bronze with age. Small, peony-form, brilliant pink-red flowers.
deep rose-pink flowers. ‘Lady Marion’. H8–7. cup-shaped, single, white flowers are freely
See C. japonica ‘Kumasaka’. ‘Lady C. oleifera (Tea-oil camellia). Evergreen, produced in spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
CAMPANULA
Vansittart’ is upright, with unusual, holly- bushy shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Leaves C. x vernalis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
Bellflower
like, twisted, mid-green foliage. Saucer- are oval and dull green. Has cup-shaped, upright shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m).
shaped, semidouble, white flowers are single, sometimes pinkish, white flowers in Has lance-shaped, bright green leaves and, CAMPANULACEAE
flushed rose-pink; flower color is variable early spring. Z6–9 H9–5. in late winter, fragrant, flattish to cup- Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
and often self-colored mutations appear. C. reticulata. Evergreen, open, treelike shaped, single, white, pink or red flowers. annuals, biennials and perennials, some of
‘Lavinia Maggi’ (illus. p.121) has an shrub. H 30ft (10m) or more, S 15ft (5m). Some forms produce irregular double which are evergreen. Grows in sun or
upright habit and formal double, white Has large, oval, leathery leaves; large, flowers. Z7–8 H8–7. shade, but delicate flower colors are
flowers striped with pink and carmine. saucer-shaped, single, rose-pink and C. ‘William Hertrich’. Strong-growing, preserved best in shade. Most forms thrive
Sometimes sports red flowers. salmon-red flowers are borne in spring. evergreen, open shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft in moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
‘Magnoliiflora’. See C. japonica Needs shelter. Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Arch of (3m). Is free-flowering with large, flattish to softwood or basal cuttings in summer or by
‘Hagoromo’. ‘Margaret Davis’ (illus. Triumph’ bears very large, loose peony- cup-shaped, semidouble blooms of a bright seed or division in fall or spring. Is prone
p.121) is a spreading cultivar, with oval to form, orange-tinted, crimson-pink flowers. cherry-red in spring. Petal formation is to slug attack, and rust may be a problem
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Has ‘Butterfly Wings’. See C. reticulata very irregular, and petals often form a in fall.
irregular double blooms with ruffled, ‘Houye Diechi’. ‘Captain Rawes’ (illus. confused center with only a few golden C. alliariifolia, illus. p.241. Mound-
creamy-white petals, often lined with pink. p.121) has a profusion of large, semidouble, stamens. Leaves are large, oval and deep forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
Edges of each petal are bright rose-red. carmine-rose blooms. ‘Houye Diechi’, green. Z7–8 H8–7. (50cm). Has heart-shaped leaves, above
‘Masayoshi’, syn. C. japonica syn. C. reticulata ‘Butterfly Wings’ C. x williamsii. ‘Anticipation’ Robust, which rise nodding, bell-shaped, creamy-
‘Donckelaeri’ is slow-growing, bushy and produces very large, flattish to cup-shaped, evergreen, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), white flowers borne along arching, wiry 529
pendulous with saucer-shaped, semidouble, semidouble, rose-pink flowers with wavy, S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped, dark green stems throughout summer. Z3–7 H7–1.
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CAMPANULA
C. armena, syn. Symphyandra armena. C. ‘Kent Belle’. Sturdy, spreading but alkaline soil that is not too dry. Slugs may C. radicans, syn. Bignonia radicans.
Upright or spreading perennial. H 1–2ft clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), prove troublesome. Z5–7 H7–5. Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
(30–60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produces panicles S 18in (45cm) or more. Has rounded, C. punctata (Spotted bellflower). Vigorous, root climber. H to 40ft (12m). Leaves of
of upright, bell-shaped, blue or white toothed, glossy, mid-green leaves. In clump-forming but spreading perennial. 7–11 oval, toothed leaflets are downy
flowers in summer. Leaves are oval, summer produces large, pendent, bell- H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) or more. Has beneath. Small clusters of trumpet-shaped,
irregularly toothed, hairy and mid-green. shaped, violet-blue flowers. Z5–9 H9–5. heart-shaped, light green, basal leaves. In orange, scarlet or yellow flowers, 21/2–3in
Z7–9 H9–7. C. lactiflora (Milky bellflower). Upright, summer, tall flowering stems bear sprays (6–8cm) long, are borne in late summer and
C. barbata, illus. p.342. branching perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft of pendent, tubular, dusky-pink flushed, early fall. Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Flamenco’ illus.
C. betulifolia. Prostrate, slender-stemmed (60cm). In summer, slender stems bear creamy-white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Alina’s p.208. f. flava, syn. C. radicans ‘Yellow
perennial. H 3/4in (2cm), S 12in (30cm). In racemes of large, nodding, bell-shaped, Double’, H 12in (30cm), has large, hose-in- Trumpet’ illus. p.206. ‘Indian Summer’
summer, long, branching flower stems each blue, occasionally pink or white flowers. hose, double, rich pink flowers. ‘Cherry illus. p.193. ‘Yellow Trumpet’. See C.
bear a cluster of open bell-shaped, single, Leaves are narrowly oval. Needs staking Bells’ (illus. p.241), H 20in (50cm), bears radicans f. flava.
white to pink flowers, deep pink outside. on a windy site. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Loddon cream-tipped, rose-pink flowers. ‘Wine ’n’ C. x tagliabuana ‘Madame Galen’, illus.
Leaves are wedge-shaped. Z5–8 H8–5. Anna’ (illus. p.241) has soft dusty-pink Rubies’, H 12in (30cm), has dark green p.208.
C. ‘Birch Hybrid’, illus. p.368. flowers. ‘Prichard’s Variety’ (illus. p.241) leaves and bears large, rich purple-red
C. x burghaltii. See C. ‘Burghaltii’. has violet-blue flowers from early summer flowers, with heavily speckled interiors, CANARINA
C. ‘Burghaltii’, syn. C. x burghaltii. to late fall in mid-summer.
Mound-forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), C. latifolia (Great bellflower). ‘Amethyst’ C. ‘Purple Sensation’. Clump-forming CAMPANULACEAE
S 12in (30cm). Leaves are oval, soft and Clump-forming, spreading perennial. perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm) or Genus of herbaceous, tuberous, scrambling
leathery. Produces long, pendent, funnel- H 36–39in (90–100cm), S 24in (60cm). more. Has oval, dark green leaves. Pendent, climbers, grown for their flowers. Grow in
shaped, pale lavender flowers on erect, Strong stems are clothed with large, tubular, deep violet-black flowers are full light and in any fertile, well-drained
wiry stems in summer. May need staking. open bell-shaped, pastel amethyst-blue produced in summer. Z5–9 H8–1. soil. Water moderately from early fall to
Z4–8 H8–1. flowers in summer. Oval, toothed leaves C. pusilla. See C. cochleariifolia. late spring, then keep dry. Needs tying to a
C. carpatica (Carpathian harebell). Clump- are rough-textured. ‘Brantwood’ has C. pyramidalis (Chimney bellflower). support. Remove dead stems when
forming perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S to violet-purple flowers. Erect, branching biennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft dormant. Propagate by basal cuttings or
12in (30cm). Leafy, branching stems bear C. latiloba. Rosette-forming perennial. (60cm). Produces long racemes of star- seed sown in spring or fall.
rounded to oval, toothed leaves and, in H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Leaves are oval. shaped, blue or white flowers in summer. C. campanula. See C. canariensis.
summer, broadly bell-shaped, blue or white Widely cup-shaped flowers, in shades of Leaves are heart-shaped. Needs staking. C. canariensis, syn. C. campanula, illus.
flowers. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Bressingham blue, occasionally white, are borne in Z6–8 H8–6. p.464.
White’ illus. p.360. ‘Jewel’ illus. p.367. summer. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Hidcote Amethyst’ C. raineri. Perennial that spreads by
Candollea. See Hibbertia.
‘Turbinata’, syn. C. carpatica var. has large, vivid violet-blue flowers with underground runners. H 11/2in (4cm), S 3in
turbinata has pale lavender flowers. var. purple highlights. ‘Percy Piper’ has (8cm). Leaves are oval, toothed and gray-
turbinata. See C. carpatica ‘Turbinata’. lavender flowers. green. Flower stems each bear a large, CANNA
C. cochleariifolia, syn. C. pusilla, illus. C. medium (Canterbury bell). Slow- upturned, bell-shaped, pale lavender flower CANNACEAE
p.369. growing, evergreen, erect, clump-forming in summer. Is suitable for an alpine house or
Genus of robust, showy, rhizomatous
C. ‘G.F. Wilson’, illus. p.368. biennial. Tall cultivars, H 3ft (1m), S 1ft trough that is protected from winter
perennials, grown for their striking flowers
C. garganica. Spreading perennial. H 2in (30cm); dwarf, H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). moisture. Requires partial shade. Z5–7 H7–5.
and ornamental foliage. Is generally used
(5cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, ivy-shaped All have lance-shaped, toothed, fresh green C. takesimana (Korean bellflower), illus.
for summer-bedding displays and in
leaves along stems. Bears clusters of star- leaves. Bell-shaped, single or double p.241. Vigorous, spreading perennial.
containers. Requires a warm, sunny position
C shaped, single, pale lavender flowers from flowers, white or in shades of blue and H 30in (75cm), S 39in (100cm). Forms
and rich, moist soil. If grown for summer
leaf axils in summer. Makes an excellent pink, are produced in spring and early rosettes of heart-shaped, glossy, mid-green
bedding, encourage into growth in spring at
plant for a wall or slope. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘W.H. summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Bells of Holland’ leaves. In summer and fall, flowering stems
61°F (16°C) and store rhizomes in slightly
Paine’ has bright lavender-blue flowers, illus. p.313. bear pendent, tubular to bell-shaped, ivory- damp soil in winter. Most cannas survive in
each with a white eye. C. morettiana. Tuft-forming perennial. white flowers with red speckled interiors. the ground if mulched. Propagate in spring
C. glomerata ‘Superba’, illus. p.241. H 1in (2.5cm), S 3in (7cm). Leaves are ivy- Is best in sun. Z5–7 H7–5. by division or in winter by seed sown at
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. shaped with fine hairs. Arching flower C. trachelium (Nettle-leaved bellflower). 68°F (20°C) or more.
H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. Has stems each bear a solitary, erect, bell- Upright perennial. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft C. ‘Ambassadour’, illus. p.394.
dense, rounded heads of large, bell-shaped, shaped, violet-blue flower in late spring and (30cm). Has oval, pointed, rough, serrated, Rhizomatous perennial. H to 6ft (2m),
purple flowers borne in summer. Bears early summer. Needs gritty, alkaline soil and basal leaves. Widely bell-shaped, blue or S 24–36in (60–90cm). Has broadly lance-
oval leaves in basal rosettes and on flower a dry but not arid winter climate. Red spider purple-blue flowers are borne along erect shaped, slightly glaucous, mid-green leaves.
stems. Must be divided and replanted mite may be troublesome. Z5–7 H7–5. stems in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Bernice’ From mid-summer to fall produces large,
regularly. Z3–8 H8–1. C. pendula, syn. Symphyandra pendula. (illus. p.241) has double purple-violet creamy-white flowers flushed orange-yellow
C. x haylodgensis. See C. x haylodgensis Arching perennial. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 1ft flowers. within at the bases. Z8–11 H11–1.
‘Plena’. ‘Plena’, syn. C. x haylodgensis. is (30cm). Produces panicles of pendent, bell- C. vidalii. See Azorina vidalii. C. ‘Assault’. See C. ‘Assaut’.
a spreading perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 8in shaped, cream flowers in summer. Has C. wanneri, syn. Symphyandra wanneri, C. ‘Assaut’, syn. C. ‘Assault’. Summer-
(20cm). Has small, heart-shaped leaves and, oval, hairy, pale green leaves. Becomes illus. p.342. flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H to 4ft
in summer, pomponlike, double, deep woody at base with age. Z5–8 H8–5. C. zoysii. Tuft-forming perennial. H 2in (1.2m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has sturdy,
lavender-blue flowers. Is suitable for a rock C. persicifolia (Peachleaf bellflower). (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has tiny, rounded, leafy stems bearing wide, purple-green
garden or wall. Z5–8 H8–5. Rosette-forming, spreading perennial. glossy green leaves. In summer, flower leaves with a spike of scarlet flowers
C. isophylla (Italian bellflower). H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). In summer, stems each bear a bottle-shaped, lavender surrounded by purple bracts. Z8–11 H11–1.
Evergreen, dwarf, trailing perennial. H 4in nodding, bell-shaped, papery, white or flower held horizontally. Needs gritty, C. ‘Bengal Tiger’. See C. ‘Striata’.
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer, star- blue flowers are borne above narrowly alkaline soil. Is difficult to grow and C. ‘Black Knight’. Rhizomatous
shaped, blue or white flowers are borne lance-shaped, bright green leaves. Z3–8 encourage to flower, dislikes winter wet perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm).
above small, heart-shaped, toothed leaves. H8–1. ‘Chettle Charm’ (illus. p.241), H and is prone to slug attack. Z5–7 H7–5. Sturdy stems bear broadly lance-shaped,
Is ideal for a hanging basket. Z13–15 H9–1. 60cm (2ft), bears large, white flowers with bronze-green leaves. From mid-summer to
Kristal Hybrids ‘Stella Blue’, H 6–8in violet-blue margins. ‘Fleur de Neige’
CAMPSIS early fall has large racemes of gladiolus-
(15–20cm), S to 12in (30cm), is compact and has double, white flowers. ‘Pride of like, very dark red flowers, 3in (7cm)
Trumpet vine
free-flowering; large, upright, saucer- Exmouth’ bears double, powder-blue across, with wavy petals. Z8–11 H11–1.
shaped, pale blue flowers are produced in flowers. ‘Telham Beauty’ illus. p.242. BIGNONIACEAE C. ‘Brillant’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
mid-summer. C. portenschlagiana, illus. p.368. Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
C. ‘Joe Elliott’. Mound-forming C. poscharskyana, illus. p.367. root climbers, grown for their flowers. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Produces iris-like,
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 5in (12cm). In C. pulla. Often short-lived perennial Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. bright red flowers and broadly lance-
summer, large, funnel-shaped, mid- that spreads by underground runners. Water regularly in summer. Prune in shaped, mid-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1.
lavender-blue flowers almost obscure H 1in (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm). Tiny, rounded spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in C. ‘Durban’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer
small, heart-shaped, downy, gray-green leaves form rosettes, 1/2in (1cm) wide, each summer or by layering in winter. to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
leaves. Is good for an alpine house, trough bearing a flower stem with a solitary, C. chinensis. See C. grandiflora. perennial. H 51/2ft (1.6m), S 20in (50cm).
or rock garden. Needs well-drained, pendent, bell-shaped, deep violet flower C. grandiflora, syn. C. chinensis, Produces gladiolus-like, dark orange-red
530 alkaline soil. Protect from winter moisture. from late spring to early summer. Is good Bignonia grandiflora, Tecoma grandiflora, flowers above broadly elliptical, pink-veined,
Is prone to slug attack. Z5–8 H8–5. for a scree or rock garden. Needs gritty, illus. p.203. purple leaves fading to orange. Z8–11 H11–1.
CARISSA
C. x ehemanii, syn. C. iridiflora C. ‘Whithelm Pride’. Mid-summer to

‘Ehemanii’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. CARALLUMA CARDIOSPERMUM
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (50cm). Produces large, ASCLEPIADACEAE SAPINDACEAE
H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Broadly elliptical, gladiolus-like, pink flowers and ovate,
Genus of perennial succulents with Genus of herbaceous or deciduous, shrubby
dark bluish-green leaves have red margins. bronze leaves. Z8–11 H11–1.
4–6-ribbed, finger-like, blue-gray or climbers, grown mainly for their attractive
Produces trumpet-shaped, bright pinkish- C. ‘Wyoming’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer
blue-green to purple stems. Needs sun fruits. Is useful for covering bushes or
red flowers. Z8–11 H11–1. to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
and extremely well-drained soil. Water trellises. Grow in full light and any soil.
C. ‘Ermine’. Clump-forming, mid-summer perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 20in (50cm).
sparingly, only in the growing season. Propagate by seed in spring.
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous Produces gladiolus-like, soft orange
May be difficult to grow. Propagate by C. halicacabum (Balloon vine).
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm). flowers and large, ovate, purple-bronze
seed or stem cuttings in summer. Deciduous, shrubby, scandent, perennial
Has broadly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, with darker purple veins. Z8–11
C. europaea, syn. Stapelia europaea. climber, usually grown as an annual
leaves. Very large, gladiolus-like, creamy- H11–1.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. or biennial. H to 10ft (3m). Has toothed
white flowers are pale yellow flushed
H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). Rough, 4-angled, leaves of 2 oblong leaflets. Inconspicuous,
toward the centers. Z8–11 H11–1.
CANTUA erect to procumbent, gray stems often whitish flowers are produced in summer,
C. ‘Gnom’. Mid-summer to early-fall-
POLEMONIACEAE arch over and root. Has clusters of small, followed by downy, spherical, inflated,
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in
star-shaped, yellow and brownish-purple 3-angled, straw-colored fruits containing
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces gladiolus- Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers near stem crown from mid- to black seeds, each with a heart-shaped,
like, salmon-pink flowers, with overlapping showy flowers in spring. Only one species
late summer, then twin-horned, gray seed white spot. Z10–11 H11–1.
petals, and broadly elliptical, mid-green is in general cultivation. Often benefits
pods. Flowers smell faintly of rotten
leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. from being grown against a south- or west- meat. Is one of the easier species to
C. iridiflora, illus. p.395. ‘Ehemanii’. See facing wall. Requires full sun and fertile, grow. Z13–15 H11–10.
CAREX
C. x ehemanii. well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe Sedge
C. joannis, illus. p.494.
C. ‘King Midas’. See C. ‘Richard Wallace’. cuttings in summer. CYPERACEAE
C. ‘Königin Charlotte’, syn. C. ‘Queen C. buxifolia, syn. C. dependens, illus. p.146.
Charlotte’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to C. dependens. See C. buxifolia. CARDAMINE See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. Bitter cress
C. buchananii (Leatherleaf sedge).
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Has broadly CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
CAPSICUM Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. From mid- Genus of spring-flowering annuals and H to 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Very narrow,
summer to early fall produces velvety, SOLANACEAE
perennials. Some are weeds, but others copper-colored leaves turn red toward base.
blood-red flowers, with canary-yellow- Genus of evergreen shrubs, subshrubs and are suitable for informal and woodland Solid, triangular stems bear insignificant,
margined petals. Z8–11 H11–1. short-lived perennials, usually grown as gardens. Requires sun or semi-shade brown spikelets in summer. Z6–9 H9–5.
C. ‘Louis Cottin’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer annuals. Some species produce edible fruits and moist soil. Propagate by seed or C. elata, syn. C. stricta (Tufted sedge).
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous (e.g. sweet peppers), others small, division in fall. Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (50cm). ornamental ones. Needs sun and fertile, C. enneaphyllos, syn. Dentaria H to 3ft (1m), S 6in (15cm). Leaves are
Produces trumpet-shaped, apricot flowers well-drained soil. Spray flowers with water enneaphyllos. Lax perennial spreading by somewhat glaucous. Solid, triangular
and broadly lance-shaped, dark blackish- to encourage fruit to set. Propagate by seed fleshy, horizontal rootstocks. H 12–24in stems bear blackish-brown spikelets in
green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. sown under glass in spring. Red spider (30–60cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). In spring, summer. Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Aurea’ illus. p.445.
C. ‘Lucifer’, illus. p.394. Compact, mid- mite may cause problems. nodding, pale yellow or white flowers are C. flagellifera, illus. p.289.
summer to early-fall-flowering, C. annuum (Ornamental pepper). Z9–11 produced at the ends of shoots arising C. grayi (Gray’s sedge). Evergreen, tuft-
rhizomatous perennial. H 24in (60cm), H11–1. ‘Holiday Cheer’ is a moderately from deeply divided leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. forming, perennial sedge. H to 24in (60cm), C
S 20in (50cm). Produces relatively small, fast-growing, evergreen, bushy perennial, C. latifolia. See C. raphanifolia. S 8in (20cm). Has bright green leaves.
iris-like, red and yellow flowers and elliptic, grown as an annual. H and S 8–12in C. pentaphyllos, syn. Dentaria Large, female spikelets, borne in summer,
mid-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. (20–30cm). Has oval, mid-green leaves. pentaphyllos, illus. p.260. mature to pointed, knobby, greenish-
C. ‘Musifolia’. Mid-summer to early-fall- Bears small, star-shaped, white flowers in C. pratensis, illus. p.438. ‘Flore Pleno’ brown fruits. Z3–8 H8–1.
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 10ft summer and, in fall–winter, spherical, is a neat, clump-forming perennial. H 18in C. hachijoensis ‘Evergold’. See C.
(3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears small, iris-like, green fruits maturing to red. (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears dense sheaves oshimensis ‘Evergold’.
orange flowers. Very long, oval, mid-green of double, lilac flowers in spring. Mid- C. morrowii of gardens. See C.
leaves have dark margins and red-tinted
midribs. Z8–11 H11–1.
CARAGANA green leaves are divided into rounded oshimensis.
Peashrub leaflets. May also be propagated by leaf-tip C. oshimensis, syn. C. morrowii.
C. ‘Picasso’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to cuttings in mid-summer. Prefers a moist or Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
wet site. H 8–20in (20–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm).
H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Produces Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for C. raphanifolia, syn. C. latifolia, illus. Has narrow, mid-green leaves. Solid,
gladiolus-like, yellow flowers with orange their foliage and flowers. Requires full sun p.438. triangular stems bear insignificant spikelets
and red spots. Has large, broadly ovate, and fertile but not over-rich, well-drained C. trifolia, illus. p.348. in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Evergold’, syn.
mid-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. soil. Propagate species by softwood C. hachijoensis ‘Evergold’ illus. p.288.
C. ‘Pretoria’. See C. ‘Striata’. cuttings in summer or by seed in fall, C. pendula (Pendulous sedge). Evergreen,
C. ‘Queen Charlotte’. See C. ‘Königin cultivars by softwood or semiripe cuttings
CARDIOCRINUM tuft-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft
Charlotte’. or budding in summer or by grafting LILIACEAE (30cm). Has narrow, green leaves. Solid,
C. ‘Richard Wallace’, syn. C. ‘King during winter. Genus of summer-flowering, lily-like triangular stems freely produce pendent,
Midas’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to early- C. arborescens (Siberian peashrub). Fast- bulbs, grown for their spectacular greenish-brown flower spikes in summer.
fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 5ft growing, deciduous, upright shrub. H 20ft flowers. Needs partial shade and deep, Z5–9 H9–5.
(1.5m), S 11/2ft (50cm). Produces gladiolus- (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has spine-tipped, dark rich, moist soil. Plant bulbs just below C. riparia (Greater pond sedge).
like, bright yellow flowers, with spotted green leaves, each composed of 8–12 soil surface, in fall. Water well in summer ‘Variegata’ is a vigorous, evergreen,
throats and frilly-edged petals, and oblong leaflets. Produces clusters of and mulch with humus. Provide a deep perennial sedge. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m),
elliptical, apple-green leaves. Z8–11 H11–1. pealike, yellow flowers in late spring. mulch in winter. After flowering, main S indefinite. Has broad, white-striped, mid-
C. ‘Striata’, syn. C. ‘Bengal Tiger’, C. Z2–8 H8–1. Arching ‘Lorbergii’, H 10ft bulb dies, but produces offsets. To green leaves and solid, triangular stems
‘Pretoria’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to (3m), S 8 ft (2.5m) has very narrow leaflets produce flowers in up to 5 years, that bear narrow, bristle-tipped, dark
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. and smaller flowers and is often grown as propagate by offsets in fall; may also be brown spikelets in summer.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft (50cm). Gladiolus-like, a tree by top-grafting. ‘Nana’ illus. p.148. propagated by seed in fall or winter and C. stricta. See C. elata.
bright orange flowers are produced above ‘Walker’, H 1ft (30cm), S 6–10ft (2–3m), will then flower in 7 years.
ovate, light green to yellow-green leaves, is prostrate but is usually top-grafted to
with bright yellow veins. Z8–11 H11–1. form a weeping tree, H 6ft (2m), S 21/2ft
C. giganteum, illus. p.385. var.
CARISSA
yunnanense is a sturdy, leafy-stemmed
C. ‘Stuttgart’, illus. p.394. Mid-summer to (75cm). bulb. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 21/2–3ft (75cm–1m). APOCYNACEAE
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. C. frutex ‘Globosa’. Slow-growing, Has bold, heart-shaped, bronze-green Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer-
H 7ft (2.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces small, deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 1ft leaves. Fragrant, pendent, trumpet-shaped, flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers
iris-like, pale apricot flowers, fading to (30cm). Mid-green leaves each have cream flowers, 6in (15cm) long, with and overall appearance. Needs partial
pink. Broadly lance-shaped, white-and- 4 oblong leaflets. Pealike, bright yellow purple-red streaks inside, are borne in long shade and well-drained soil. Water
green leaves require some shade to prevent flowers are borne only rarely in late spikes in summer and are followed by container specimens moderately, less when 531
burning. Z8–11 H11–1. spring. Z2–8 H8–1. decorative seed heads. temperatures are low. Propagate by seed
www.ebook777.com
CARLINA
when ripe or in spring or by semiripe growth, moderately to sparingly in winter.

cuttings in summer. T The seeds are CARPINUS CARTHAMUS Pruning is tolerated, severe if need be, but
poisonous. Hornbeam COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE trees are best left to grow naturally.
C. grandiflora. See C. macrocarpa. CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE Propagate by seed in spring.
Genus of annuals and herbaceous
C. macrocarpa, syn. C. grandiflora C. artemisioides. See Senna
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their perennials, grown for their flowers, foliage
(Natal plum). Z9–11 H11–9. ‘Tuttlei’ illus. artemisioides.
foliage, fall color and clusters of small, and medicinal properties. Needs full sun
p.453. C. corymbosa. See Senna corymbosa.
winged nuts. Needs sun or semi-shade and and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by
C. spectabilis. See Acokanthera var. plurijuga of gardens. See Senna
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species seed in spring.
oblongifolia. x floribunda. Z12–15 H12–10.
by seed in fall, cultivars by budding in late C. tinctorius, illus. p.323.
C. didymobotrya. See Senna
summer.
didymobotrya.
CARLINA C. betulus (European hornbeam). CARYA C. fistula (Golden shower, Indian
Carline thistle Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 80ft Hickory laburnum, Pudding pipe-tree). Fast-
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE (25m), S 70ft (20m). Has a fluted trunk
JUGLANDACEAE growing, almost deciduous, ovoid tree.
and oval, prominently veined, dark green
Genus of annuals, biennials and H 25–30ft (8–10m), S 12–20ft (4–6m). Leaves,
leaves that turn yellow and orange in fall. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
perennials, grown for their ornamental each with 4–8 pairs of oval leaflets, are
Bears green catkins from late spring to stately habit, divided leaves, fall color and,
flower heads. Requires a sunny position coppery when young. In spring produces
fall, when clusters of winged nuts in some cases, edible nuts. Has insignificant
and well-drained soil. Propagate by racemes of small, fragrant, 5-petaled, cup-
develop. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Fastigiata’, flowers in spring. Requires sun or semi-
seed: annuals in spring, perennials shaped, bright yellow flowers. Cylindrical,
syn. C. betulus ‘Pyramidalis’ illus. p.93. shade and deep, fertile soil. Plant young
in fall. dark brown pods, to 24in (60cm) long, yield
‘Pyramidalis’. See C. betulus seedlings in a permanent position during
C. acaulis, illus. p.361. cassia pulp. Z11 H11–10.
‘Fastigiata’. their first year since older plants resent
C. x floribunda. See Senna x floribunda.
C. caroliniana (American hornbeam). transplanting. Propagate by seed in fall.
C. siamea. See Senna siamea.
CARMICHAELIA Deciduous, spreading tree with branches C. cordiformis (Bitternut hickory, Swamp
that droop at tips. H and S 30ft (10m). hickory). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
Has a fluted, gray trunk, green catkins tree. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Bark is CASSINIA
Genus of deciduous, usually leafless smooth at first, later fissured. Bright yellow,
shrubs, grown for their profusion of
in spring and oval, bright green leaves COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
that turn orange and red in fall, when winter leaf buds develop into large, dark
tiny flowers in summer. Flattened, green green leaves, with usually 7 oval to oblong Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
shoots assume function of leaves. Needs clusters of winged nuts develop. foliage and flowers. Needs full sun and
Z3–9 H9–1. leaflets; these turn yellow in fall. Nuts are
full sun and well-drained soil. Cut out pear-shaped or rounded, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
dead wood in spring. Propagate by C. tschonoskii (Yeddo hornbeam). softwood cuttings in summer.
long, each with a bitter kernel. Z4–9 H9–1.
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed Deciduous, rounded tree with branches C. fulvida. See C. leptophylla subsp.
C. glabra (Pignut, Pignut hickory).
in fall or spring. drooping at tips. H and S 40ft (12m). Has fulvida.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),
C. arborea. Deciduous, upright shrub. oval, sharply toothed, glossy, dark green C. leptophylla subsp. fulvida, syn.
S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Small clusters of leaves. Green catkins are produced in C. fulvida. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and
usually 5 narrowly oval leaflets, turn bright
pealike, pale lilac flowers are borne from spring and clusters of small, winged nuts S 6ft (2m). Has yellow shoots, small, oblong,
yellow and orange in fall. Pear-shaped or
early to mid-summer. May need staking develop in fall. Z6–9 H9–1. dark green leaves and, in mid-summer,
rounded nuts, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) long, each
when mature. Z9–10 H9–7. C. turczaninowii. Deciduous, spreading clustered heads of minute, white flowers.
have a bitter kernel. Z5–8 H8–1.
C. carmichaeliae, syn. Notospartium tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Green Z8–9 H9–8. subsp. vauvilliersii, syn.
C. ovata, illus. p.67.
C carmichaeliae (Pink broom). Leafless, catkins are borne in spring. Produces C. vauvilliersii illus. p.150.
arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). clusters of small, winged nuts in fall, when C. vauvilliersii. See C. leptophylla subsp.
Short, dense spikes of pealike, purple- small, oval, glossy, deep green leaves turn CARYOPTERIS vauvilliersii.
blotched, pink flowers are produced in orange. Z6–9 H9–1. Bluebeard
mid-summer on slender, drooping, green VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE
CASSIOPE
shoots. Z8–10 H9–7. CARPOBROTUS Genus of deciduous subshrubs, grown for
C. enysii. Deciduous, mound-forming, ERICACEAE
Ice plant their foliage and small, but freely produced,
dense shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm). Shoots blue flowers. Prefers full sun and light, Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
AIZOACEAE
are rigid. Pealike, violet flowers are borne well-drained soil. Cut back hard in spring. shrubs, suitable for peat beds and walls
in mid-summer. Is best grown in a rock Genus of mat-forming, perennial and for rock gardens. Needs a sheltered,
Propagate species by greenwood or
garden. Z9–10 H10–8. succulents with triangular, fleshy, dark shaded or semi-shaded site and moist,
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in
C. stevensonii, syn. Chordospartium green leaves and daisylike flowers. fall; increase cultivars by cuttings only, in peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe or
stevensonii. Deciduous, almost leafless, Is excellent for binding sandy soils. summer. greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Needs full sun and well-drained soil. C. x clandonensis (Blue mist shrub, in fall or spring.
Produces small, pealike, purplish-pink Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in Bluebeard). Z6–9 H9–1. ‘Arthur C. ‘Edinburgh’. Evergreen, dwarf shrub.
flowers in cylindrical racemes in mid- spring or summer. Simmonds’ illus. p.157. ‘Heavenly Blue’ H and S 8in (20cm). Has tiny, dark green
summer. Z8–10 H10–7. C. edulis (Hottentot fig). Carpeting, is a deciduous, bushy subshrub. H and S 3ft leaves tightly pressed to upright stems. In
perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), (1m). Forms an upright, compact mass of spring, many small, bell-shaped, white
S indefinite. Prostrate, rooting branches
CARNEGIEA bear leaves 5/8in (1.5cm) thick and 5in
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Dense flowers are borne singly in leaf axils. Z2–6
clusters of tubular, blue to purplish-blue H6–1.
CACTACEAE (12cm) long. Yellow, purple or pink flowers, flowers, with prominent stamens, are C. fastigiata. Evergreen, upright, loose
Genus of one species of very slow-growing, 5in (12cm) across, open in spring–summer borne from late summer to fall. shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). In
perennial cactus with thick, 12–24-ribbed, from about noon in sun. Bears edible, C. incana, syn. C. mastacanthus (Common spring, bell-shaped, creamy-white flowers,
spiny stems. Is unlikely to flower or branch figlike, brownish fruits in late summer and bluebeard). Deciduous, bushy subshrub. resting in green or red calyces, are borne
at less than 12ft (4m) high. Requires full sun fall. Z12–14 H11–10. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears tubular, violet- on short stalks in leaf axils. Leaves are tiny
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by blue flowers, with prominent stamens, and scalelike. Needs partial shade. Z2–6
seed in spring or summer. CARRIEREA amid lance-shaped, gray-green leaves from H6–1.
C. gigantea, illus. p.492. late summer to early fall. Z6–9 H9–1. C. lycopodioides, illus. p.349.
FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE C. mastacanthus. See C. incana. C. mertensiana, illus. p.349.
Genus of deciduous trees. Only C. calycina, C. ‘Muirhead’, illus. p.332.
CARPENTERIA grown for its flowers, is in general C. selaginoides. Evergreen, spreading
HYDRANGEACEAE cultivation. Requires full sun and fertile,
CASSIA shrub. H 10in (25cm), S 6in (15cm). Stem is
Senna
Genus of one species of evergreen, well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood hidden by dense, scalelike, mid-green
summer-flowering shrub, cultivated for its cuttings in summer. LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE leaves. Bears solitary, relatively large,
flowers and foliage. Grows well against a C. calycina. Deciduous, spreading tree. Genus of annuals, perennials and pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers in
south- or west-facing wall. Prefers full sun H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, glossy, mid- evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs, spring. Needs a shaded site. Z7–8 H8–7.
and fairly moist but well-drained soil. green leaves set off upright clusters of cup- grown for their flowers mainly produced C. tetragona, illus. p.332.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer shaped, creamy-white or greenish-white from winter to summer. Needs full light C. wardii. Evergreen, upright to
532 or by seed in fall. flowers borne in early summer. Z13–15 and fertile, well-drained soil. Water spreading, loose shrub. H 6in (15cm),
C. californica, illus. p.197. H12–10. container specimens freely when in full S 8in (20cm). Semi-upright stems are
CEANOTHUS
densely clothed with scalelike, dark H 18in (45cm). Large heads of fragrant, cuttings in early spring. T The berries may
green leaves that give them a squared CATALPA pinkish-mauve flowers, 4in (10cm) across cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
appearance. Bell-shaped, white flowers, BIGNONIACEAE and each with a yellow-marked, deep pink C. thomsonii, syn. Parthenocissus
set close to stems, are produced in lip, are borne in early summer. Has oval, thomsonii, illus. p.209.
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
spring. Needs shade in all but cool areas. stiff leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Avoid
trees and shrubs, extremely resistant to
spraying from overhead. Z12–14 H11–6.
May also be propagated by division of
urban pollution, grown for their foliage CEANOTHUS
runners in spring. Z4–6 H6–1. C. Trizac gx ‘Purple Emperor’, syn. x
and bell- or trumpet-shaped flowers with RHAMNACEAE
Sophrolaeliocattleya Trizac gx ‘Purple
frilly lobes. Trees are best grown as isolated
Emperor’. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
CASTANEA specimens. Prefers full sun and does best in
an intermediate greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). and small trees, grown for their small but
Chestnut hot summers. Needs deep, fertile, well-
In spring bears crimson-lipped, pinkish- densely clustered, mainly blue flowers. At
drained but not too dry soil. Propagate
FAGACEAE purple flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, in small the limits of hardiness, plant against a
species by seed in fall, cultivars by
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering heads. Has oval, rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) south- or west-facing wall. Needs a
softwood cuttings in summer or by
trees and shrubs, grown for their foliage, long. Provide full light in summer. Z12–14 sheltered site in full sun and light, well-
budding in late summer.
stately habit, flowers and edible fruits H11–6. drained soil. Cut dead wood from
C. bignonioides, illus. p.73. ‘Aurea’ illus.
(chestnuts). Requires sun or semi-shade; p.76. evergreens in spring and trim their
does particularly well in hot, dry areas. C. x erubescens ‘Purpurea’. Deciduous, x CATTLIANTHE sideshoots after flowering. Cut back shoots
Needs fertile, well-drained soil; grows spreading tree. H and S 50ft (15m). Broadly of deciduous species to basal framework in
ORCHIDACEAE early spring. Propagate by semiripe
poorly on shallow, chalky soil. Propagate oval or 3-lobed, very dark purple, young
species by seed in fall, cultivars by leaves age to dark green. Fragrant, bell- See also ORCHIDS. cuttings in summer.
budding in summer or by grafting shaped, white flowers, marked with yellow x C. Hazel Boyd gx ‘Apricot Glow’, C. arboreus ‘Trewithen Blue’, illus.
in late winter. and purple, are produced from mid- to late syn. x Sophrolaeliocattleya Hazel Boyd gx p.194.
C. dentata (American chestnut). summer. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Apricot Glow’, illus. p.467. Evergreen, C. ‘Autumnal Blue’, illus. p.138.
Deciduous, spreading tree with rough C. fargesii f. duclouxii, illus. p.73. epiphytic orchid for an intermediate C. ‘Blue Mound’. Evergreen, bushy,
bark. H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Oblong, C. ovata (Northern catalpa). Deciduous, greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). In spring and dense shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Forms
toothed, dull green leaves turn orange- spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Bears early summer produces small heads of a mound of oblong, glossy, dark green
yellow in fall. Has catkins of greenish- 3-lobed, purplish leaves when young, apricot-orange flowers, 31/2in (9cm) across, leaves, covered, in late spring, with
white flowers in summer, then typical maturing to pale green. Has large clusters with crimson marks on lips. Has oval, rounded clusters of deep blue flowers.
spiny “chestnut” fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. of bell-shaped, white flowers, spotted with rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Grow in Z9–10 H10–8.
red and yellow, from mid- to late summer. full light in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. C. ‘Burkwoodii’, illus. p.205.
C. sativa (Spanish chestnut, Sweet
Z4–8 H8–1. x C. Rojo gx ‘Mont Millais’, syn. x C. ‘Burtonensis’. Evergreen, bushy,
chestnut). Deciduous, spreading tree.
C. speciosa, illus. p.72. Laeliocattleya Rojo gx ‘Mont Millais’, illus. spreading shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 12ft
H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Bark becomes
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an (4m) Has small, rounded, almost spherical,
spirally ridged with age. Oblong,
intermediate greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). In crinkled leaves that are lustrous and dark
glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in CATANANCHE winter–spring bears arching heads of green. Small, deep blue flowers are
fall. Produces spikes of small, creamy- Cupid’s dart slender, reddish-orange flowers, 3/4in (2cm) produced in clusters, 3/4in (2cm) wide, from
yellow flowers in summer, followed by
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE across. Oval leaves are up to 6in (15cm) mid- spring to early summer. Z9–10 H10–8.
edible fruits in rounded, spiny husks.
Genus of perennials with daisylike flower long. Provide full light in summer. Z14–15 C. ‘Cascade’. Vigorous, evergreen,
Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Albomarginata’ illus. p.61.
heads that may be successfully dried for H12–6. arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Leaves
winter flower arrangements. Needs sun are narrowly oblong, glossy and dark C
CASTANOPSIS and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by CAULOKAEMPFERIA green. Large panicles of powder-blue
FAGACEAE seed in spring or by root cuttings in winter. flowers are borne in late spring and early
ZINGIBERACEAE summer. Z9–11 H11–9.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, C. caerulea ‘Major’, illus. p.270.
Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous C. ‘Delight’. Fast-growing, evergreen,
grown for their habit and foliage.
perennials, grown for their small but bushy shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Bears
Flowers are insignificant. Needs a CATHARANTHUS numerous, bright flowers, from late spring oblong, glossy, deep green leaves. Long
sheltered position in sun or semi-shade
APOCYNACEAE to fall, produced from the same stem as the clusters of rich blue flowers are borne in
and fertile, well-drained but not too
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their leaves. Requires a shady, sheltered position late spring. Z9–10 H10–9.
dry, acidic soil. Propagate by seed when
flowers. C. roseus is often grown annually and moist, rich soil. Propagate by division C. x delileanus ‘Glore de Versailles’.
ripe, in fall. or seed in early spring.
from seed or cuttings and used as a See C. ‘Gloire de Versailles’.
C. cuspidata. Evergreen, bushy, C. petelotii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous
summer bedding plant in cool climates. C. dentatus (Point Reyes ceanothus).
spreading shrub or tree with drooping perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has 6–8
Needs full light and well-drained soil. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 5ft
shoots. H and S 25ft (8m) or more. Bears narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Produces small, oblong,
Water container specimens moderately,
long, oval, slender-tipped, leathery leaves, Clusters of broad-lipped, bright canary- glossy, dark green leaves and is covered, in
less when temperatures are low. Prune
glossy, dark green above, bronze beneath. yellow flowers, surrounded by long, late spring, with rounded clusters of bright
long or straggly stems in early spring to
Z9–11 H11–10. narrow, green bracts, are borne from blue flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
promote a more bushy habit. Propagate by
seed in spring or by greenwood or spring into fall. C. dentatus of gardens. See C. x lobbianus.
CASTANOSPERMUM semiripe cuttings in summer. C. ‘Gloire de Versailles’, syn. C. x
Black bean tree, Moreton Bay C. roseus, syn. Vinca rosea, illus. p.298. CAUTLEYA delileanus ‘Glore de Versailles’, illus. p.157.
chestnut Boa Series ‘Boa Peach’ illus. p.300. C. gloriosus. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
Cobra Series ‘Cobra Burgundy’ illus.
ZINGIBERACEAE H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oval and
p.306. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering dark green. Rounded clusters of deep blue
Genus of one species of evergreen tree, perennials. Needs a sunny, sheltered or purplish-blue flowers are produced from
grown for its overall appearance and for position and deep, rich, moist but well- mid- to late spring. May suffer from
shade. Requires full light and fertile, moist CATTLEYA drained soil. Propagate by seed or division chlorosis on chalky soil. Z7–9 H9–7.
but well-drained soil. Water container ORCHIDACEAE in spring. C. impressus, illus. p.138. ‘Puget Blue’.
specimens freely when in full growth, See also ORCHIDS. C. spicata, illus. p.279. See C. ‘Puget Blue’.
moderately at other times. Propagate by C. bowringiana. See Guarianthe C. incanus, illus. p.129.
seed in spring. C. ‘Italian Skies’. Evergreen, bushy,
C. australe. Strong-growing, evergreen,
bowringiana. CAYRATIA
C. cinnabarina, syn. Laelia cinnabarina. spreading shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 10ft (3m).
rounded tree. H 50ft (15m) or more, Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an VITACEAE Has small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
S 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have intermediate greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed, Produces dense, conical clusters of bright
8–17 oval leaflets. Racemes of large, Produces sprays of slender, orange flowers, tendril climbers, grown for their leaves and blue flowers in late spring. Z9–10 H10–9.
pealike, yellow flowers, that age to 2in (5cm) or more across, usually in winter. fall color. Tendril tips have sucker-like pads C. x lobbianus, syn. C. dentatus of
orange and red, are produced in fall, but Has narrowly oval, rigid leaves, 3–4in that cling to supports. Insignificant gardens. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub.
only on mature trees, and are followed (8–10cm) long. Needs full light in summer. greenish flowers appear in summer. Grow H and S 6ft (2m). Rounded clusters of
by cylindrical, reddish-brown pods, 10in Z14–15 H12–6. in shade or semi-shade and well-drained bright, deep blue flowers are borne in late
(25cm) long, containing large, chestnut-like C. J.A. Carbone gx. Evergreen, epiphytic soil. Propagate by softwood or greenwood spring and early summer amid oval, dark 533
seeds. Z11 H11–10. orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. cuttings in summer or by hardwood green leaves. Z8–10 H10–7.
www.ebook777.com
CEDRUS
C. ‘Marie Simon’. Deciduous, bushy but well-drained soil. Water container flower heads, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across. Is H 2ft (60cm), has carmine-lilac flowers.
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has broadly oval, specimens freely while in full growth, less difficult to establish. C. hypoleuca ‘John Coutts’, illus. p.265.
mid-green leaves. Conical clusters of soft at other times. Pruning is tolerated if C. walkeri, syn. C. webbiana, illus. p.336. C. macrocephala (Mountain bluet).
pink flowers are produced in profusion from necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or C. webbiana. See C. walkeri. Robust, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft
mid-summer to early fall. Z8–10 H10–8. by semiripe cuttings in summer. (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer, sturdy stems
C. papillosus. Evergreen, arching shrub. C. pentandra (Kapok, Silk cotton tree). bear large, yellow flower heads, within
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves are Fast-growing, semievergreen tree with a
CELOSIA
papery, silvery-brown bracts. Mid-green
Cockscomb
narrowly oblong, glossy, dark green and spine-covered trunk. H and S 80ft (25m) or leaves are narrowly oval and deeply cut.
sticky. Produces dense racemes of blue or more. Hand-shaped leaves have 5–9 elliptic AMARANTHACEAE Z3–7 H7–1.
purplish-blue flowers in late spring. Z9–10 leaflets, red when young, becoming mid- Genus of erect perennials, grown as C. montana, illus. p.269.
H10–9. green. Bears clusters of 5-petaled, white, annuals. Prefers a sunny, sheltered position C. moschata. See Amberboa moschata.
C. ‘Perle Rose’, illus. p.153. yellow or pink flowers in summer, followed and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by C. pulcherrima, illus. p.232.
C. ‘Puget Blue’, syn. C. impressus ‘Puget by woody, brownish seed pods containing seed sown under glass in spring.
Blue’, illus. p.205. silky kapok fiber. Z13–15 H11–10. C. argentea. Moderately fast-growing,
C. rigidus. See C. rigidus var. rigidus. var. C. speciosa. See Chorisia speciosa.
CENTRADENIA
erect, bushy perennial, grown as an annual.
rigidus, syn. C. rigidus (Monterey H 12–24in (30–60cm), S to 18in (45cm). Has MELASTOMATACEAE
ceanothus). Evergreen, bushy shrub of
dense, spreading habit. H 4ft (1.2m), S 8ft
CELASTRUS oval to lance-shaped, pale to mid-green Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
leaves and, in summer, pyramid-shaped, grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs
(2.5m). Bears oblong to rounded, glossy, Bittersweet
feathery, silvery-white flower heads, to 4in partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
dark green leaves and, from mid-spring to CELASTRACEAE (10cm) long. Cultivars are available in red, Water container plants freely when in full
early summer, produces rounded clusters of Genus of deciduous shrubs and twining orange, yellow and cream. H9–2. Dwarf growth, moderately at other times. Tip
deep purplish-blue flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. climbers, grown for their fruits. Most cultivars, H 12in (30cm), include ‘Fairy prune young plants to promote a bushy
C. ‘Southmead’ (Santa Barbara species bear male and female flowers on Fountains’, which has flower heads, to habit; old plants become straggly unless
ceanothus). Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. separate plants, so both sexes must be 6in (15cm) long, in a wide range of colors trimmed each spring. Propagate from early
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oblong, grown to obtain fruits; hermaphrodite in summer–fall, and Olympia Series spring to early summer by seed or by
glossy, dark green leaves. Deep blue flowers forms of C. orbiculatus are available. Grow (Yunnan hackberry), which has crested, softwood or greenwood cuttings. If grown
are produced in rounded clusters in late in any soil and in full or partial shade. Likes coral-like heads of tightly clustered flower as container plants, propagate annually.
spring and early summer. Z9–10 H10–9. regular feeding. Prune in spring to cut out heads, 3–5in (8–12cm) across, in colors such C. floribunda. Evergreen, loosely
C. thyrsiflorus (Blueblossom). Evergreen, old wood and maintain shape. Propagate as golden-yellow, scarlet, light red, deep rounded, soft-stemmed shrub. H and S to
bushy shrub or spreading tree. H and S 20ft by seed in fall or spring or by semiripe cerise and purple. 24in (60cm). Lance-shaped leaves are
(6m). Has broadly oval, glossy, mid-green cuttings in summer. prominently veined, glossy, green above,
leaves and, in late spring and early summer, C. articulatus. See C. orbiculatus. bluish-green beneath. Large, terminal
rounded clusters of pale blue flowers. Z7–11 CELTIS
C. orbiculatus, syn. C. articulatus (Asian clusters of 4-petaled, pink or white flowers
H10–3. var. repens illus. p.159. Hackberry
bittersweet). Vigorous, deciduous, twining develop from pink buds in late winter and
C. x veitchianus. Vigorous, evergreen, climber. H to 46ft (14m). Has small, ULMACEAE/CANNABACEAE spring. Z13–15 H11–10.
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Dense, rounded, toothed leaves. Clusters of 2–4 Genus of deciduous trees, with
oblong clusters of deep blue flowers are small, green flowers are produced in
borne in late spring and early summer summer; tiny, long-lasting, spherical fruits
inconspicuous flowers in spring, grown for
CENTRANTHUS
their foliage and small fruits. Needs full sun
amid oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. begin green, turn black in fall, and finally VALERIANACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE
(doing best in hot summers) and fertile,
C Z9–10 H10–9.
split and show yellow insides and red well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall. Genus of late spring- to fall-flowering
Cedrela sinensis. See Toona sinensis. seeds. Tends to self-seed and is considered C. australis, illus. p.62. perennials. Requires sun. Thrives in an
Cedronella mexicana. See Agastache invasive in some regions. Z4–8 H8–1. C. occidentalis (Common hackberry). exposed position and in poor, alkaline soil.
mexicana. ‘Diana’ illus. p.209. Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
C. scandens. Deciduous, twining climber. (20m). Oval, sharply toothed, glossy, bright C. ruber, illus. p.248.
H to 30ft (10m). Oval leaves are 2–4in green leaves turn yellow in fall, when they
CEDRUS (5–10cm) long. Tiny, greenish flowers are are accompanied by globose, yellowish-
Cedar borne in small clusters in leaf axils in red, then red-purple fruits. Z2–9 H9–1.
CENTROPOGON
PINACEAE summer. Long-lasting, spherical fruits are C. sinensis (Chinese hackberry). CAMPANULACEAE
See also CONIFERS. produced in bunches, 2–3in (5–8cm) long; Deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 30ft Genus of herbaceous or subshrubby,
C. atlantica, syn. C. libani subsp. atlantica each fruit splits to show an orange interior (10m). Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves, upright, scrambling or climbing, deciduous
(Atlas cedar). Conifer that is conical when and scarlet seeds. Z3–8 H8–1. with fine teeth, and small, globose, orange or evergreen perennials, grown for their
young, broadening with age. H 50–80ft fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. tubular flowers and uppermost leaves,
(15–25m), S 15–30ft (5–10m). Leaves are CELMISIA which are sometimes patterned or
spirally arranged, needlelike, dull green or
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE CENTAUREA variegated. Needs sun or partial shade and
bright blue-gray. Has ovoid cones, males rich, moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
pale brown, females pale green, ripening Genus of evergreen, late spring- and COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE by seed in spring.
to brown. Z6–9 H9–6. f. fastigiata, syn. summer-flowering perennials, grown for Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for C. ayavacensis, syn. C. willdenowianus.
C. atlantica Fastigiata Group, S 12–15ft their foliage and daisylike flower heads. their flower heads that each have a thistle- Deciduous, trailing perennial. H and S 3ft
(4–5m), has a narrower, more upright habit. Is suitable for rock gardens and peat beds, like center surrounded by a ring of slender (1m). Flexuous, purple stems have rounded
Fastigiata Group. See C. atlantica but may be difficult to grow in hot, dry ray petals. Requires sun; grows in any well- to broadly elliptic, mid-green leaves, to 2in
f. fastigiata. f. glauca, syn. C. atlantica climates. Needs a sheltered, sunny site and drained soil, even poor soil. Propagate by (5cm) long. Bears tubular, cerise flowers,
Glauca Group, illus. p.95. Glauca Group. rich, moist but well-drained, sandy, acidic seed or division in fall or spring. 2–21/2in (5–6cm) long, with reflexed petals,
See C. atlantica f. glauca. soil. Propagate by division in early summer C. cyanus, illus. p.315. Fast-growing, from early spring to summer. Needs a
C. deodara, illus. p.96. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.104. or by seed when fresh. upright, branching annual. H 1–3ft sunny position. Protect roots from frost.
C. libani, illus. p.97. subsp. atlantica. C. bellidioides. Evergreen, mat-forming (30cm–1m), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, C. cordifolius. Herbaceous, weakly
See C. atlantica. ‘Comte de Dijon’, H 3–6ft perennial. H 3/4in (2cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has gray-green leaves and, in summer and climbing or trailing perennial. H 11/2ft
(1–2m), S 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m), is a dwarf rounded, leathery, dark green leaves. Bears early fall, branching stems with usually (0.5m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Red stems have
form that grows only 2in (5cm) a year. almost stemless, white flower heads, 1/2in double, daisylike flower heads in shades of heart-shaped, toothed, gray-green leaves,
‘Sargentii’, H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m), has (1cm) across, in early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. blue, pink, red, purple or white. Flowers to 3in (7.5cm) long, and bear flared, tubular,
horizontal, then weeping branches and C. coriacea of gardens. See C. are excellent for cutting. Tall (blue, illus. cerise flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, from late
makes a bush that is rounded in shape. semicordata. p.315) and dwarf cultivars are available. spring to summer. Requires a sunny
C. ramulosa, illus. p.360. Baby Series (Persian cornflower) (dwarf), position. Protect roots from frost.
C. semicordata, syn. C. coriacea, illus. H to 1ft (30cm), has blue, white or pink C. ferrugineus. Herbaceous, trailing
CEIBA p.346. flower heads. perennial. H 11/2–6ft (0.5–2m), S 3–6ft
BOMBACACEAE C. traversii. Slow-growing, evergreen, C. dealbata. Erect perennial. H 3ft (1m), (1–2m). Long, wiry, pendent stems bear
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-purple flower heads are narrowly ovate, silver-marked, mid-green
or deciduous trees, grown for their S 8in (20cm). Sword-shaped, dark green borne freely in summer, one or more to each leaves, 21/2–5in (6–13cm) long, with
534 overall appearance and for shade. Requires leaves have reddish-brown margins and stem. Has narrowly oval, finely cut, light narrowly toothed margins. Flared, tubular,
full sun or partial shade and fertile, moist cream undersides. In summer bears white green leaves. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Steenbergii’, bright pink flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) long,
CHAENOMELES
from summer into fall, are followed by bear solitary, star-shaped, white flowers, borne profusely in spring. Requires full Semievergreen, scrambling, succulent
spherical fruits. Is best in a container. 1
/2in (1cm) wide, throughout summer. sun and deep, fertile, well-drained soil. subshrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Leaves
C. willdenowianus. See C. ayavacensis. Z3–7 H7–1. Plant out as young specimens. Resents are triangular to oval, fleshy and 3/4in (2cm)
C. tomentosum, illus. p.350. transplanting. Propagate species by seed long. In summer–fall has tubular, green
in fall, cultivars by budding in summer. flowers, 2in (5cm) long, with paler green to
CEPHALARIA C. canadensis (Eastern redbud). white marks; the petals are flared widely at
DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE CERATOPHYLLUM Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H and tips to form “parachutes”. Z12–14 H11–10.
Genus of coarse, summer-flowering CERATOPHYLLACEAE S 30ft (10m). Heart-shaped, dark green C. woodii. See C. linearis.
perennials, suitable for large borders and Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged leaves turn yellow in fall. Pealike flowers
wild gardens. Prefers sun and well-drained water plants, grown for their foliage. are magenta in bud, opening to pale pink CESTRUM
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by Is suitable for ponds and cold-water in mid-spring before leaves emerge. Z4–9
seed in fall. aquariums. Prefers an open, sunny H9–2. ‘Forest Pansy’ illus. p.84. SOLANACEAE
C. gigantea, syn. C. tatarica (Giant position, but tolerates shade better than C. siliquastrum, illus. p.83. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
scabious, Yellow scabious). Robust, most submerged plants. Propagation and semi-scrambling climbers, grown
branching perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft occurs naturally when scaly young shoots for their showy flowers. Foliage has an
CEREUS unpleasant scent. Requires a sheltered,
(1.2m). In early summer, wiry stems bear or winter buds separate from main plants.
pincushionlike heads of primrose-yellow Take stem cuttings in growing season. CACTACEAE sunny position and fertile, well-drained
flowers above lance-shaped, deeply cut, C. demersum (Hornwort). Deciduous, Genus of columnar, perennial cacti with soil. Water container specimens freely
dark green leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. perennial, spreading, submerged water spiny stems, most having 4–10 pronounced when in full growth, moderately at other
C. tatarica. See C. gigantea. plant that occasionally floats. S indefinite. ribs. Cup-shaped flowers usually open at times. Support is needed for scrambling
Has small, dark green leaves with 3 linear night. Needs full sun and very well-drained species. Propagate frost-hardy species
lobes. Is best suited to a cool-water pool. soil. Propagate in spring by seed or, for by softwood cuttings in summer, tender
CEPHALOCEREUS Z6–9 H9–6. species by seed in spring or by semiripe
branching species, by stem cuttings.
CACTACEAE C. forbesii. See C. hankeanus. cuttings in summer.
C. hankeanus, syn. C. forbesii, illus. p.488. C. aurantiacum (Red cestrum). Mainly
Genus of slow-growing, columnar,
CERATOPTERIS evergreen semi-scrambler that remains a
perennial cacti with 20–30-ribbed, C. hildmannianus, syn. C. peruvianus,
green stems. Prefers full sun and extremely PARKERIACEAE illus. p.488. ‘Monstrosus’ (Honeywort) is rounded shrub if cut back annually. H and
well-drained, lime-rich soil. Is prone Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, a columnar, perennial cactus. H 15ft (5m), S to 6ft (2m). Deciduous at low
to rot if overwatered. Propagate by perennial, floating water ferns, grown S 12ft (4m). Swollen, occasionally fan- temperatures. Bears oval, bright green
seed in spring or summer. for their foliage. Is suitable for aquariums. shaped, silvery-blue stems bear golden leaves. Tubular, bright orange flowers are
C. senilis, illus. p.479. Prefers a sunny position. Remove fading spines on 4–8 (or more) uneven ribs. Is borne in large, terminal trusses in summer
fronds regularly. Propagate in summer by unlikely to flower in cultivation. Z11 H12–10. and may be followed by spherical, white
division or by buds that develop on the C. peruvianus of gardens. See C. fruits. Prune annually, cutting out old stems
CEPHALOPHYLLUM leaves. hildmannianus. to near base after flowering. Z11 H11–10.
AIZOACEAE C. thalictroides (Water fern). C. spachianus. See Echinopsis spachiana. C. elegans, syn. C. purpureum of gardens,
Genus of clump-forming, bushy, perennial Semievergreen, perennial, spreading, illus. p.202.
floating water fern that sometimes roots C. ‘Newellii’, illus. p.203.
succulents with semicylindrical to
and becomes submerged. S indefinite.
CERINTHE C. parqui. Deciduous, open shrub. H and
cylindrical, green leaves. Flowers are borne
after 1 or 2 years. Needs sun and well- Lance-or heart-shaped, soft green fronds BORAGINACEAE S 6ft (2m). Large clusters of tubular,
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring are wavy-edged. Z13–15 H11–10. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials yellowish-green flowers, fragrant at night,
are borne in profusion in summer amid
C
or summer. with somewhat fleshy stems and leaves.
narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
C. alstonii (Red spike). Prostrate,
CERATOSTIGMA Requires full sun, and dry to moist but well-
Z8–11 H11–8.
perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 3ft drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or
(1m). Has cylindrical, gray-green leaves, to PLUMBAGINACEAE spring. C. purpureum of gardens. See C. elegans.
3in (7cm) long. Produces daisylike, dark red Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or C. major ‘Purpurascens’, illus. p.312. Ceterach officinarum. See Asplenium
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer. evergreen shrubs and perennials, grown for ceterach.
Z12–14 H11–10. their blue flowers and fall color. Requires a
C. pillansii (Griffith’s leadwort). Clump- sunny position and well-drained soil. Cut
CEROPEGIA
forming, perennial succulent. H 3in (8cm), out dead wood from shrubs in spring. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE CHAENOMELES
S 24in (60cm). Leaves are cylindrical, 21/2in Propagate shrubs by softwood cuttings in Genus of semievergreen, succulent shrubs Flowering quince
(6cm) long, dark green and covered in summer, perennials by division in spring. and subshrubs, most with slender, climbing ROSACEAE
darker dots. Short flower stems produce C. griffithii (Leadwort). Evergreen or or pendent stems, grown for their unusual Genus of deciduous, usually thorny, spring-
daisylike, red-centered, yellow flowers, semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft flowers. Needs partial shade and very well- flowering shrubs, grown for their showy
21/2in (6cm) across, from spring to fall. (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Spoon-shaped, bristly, drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem flowers and fragrant fruits, produced in fall
Z13–15 H12–10. purple-edged, dull green leaves redden in cuttings in spring or summer. C. linearis and used for preserves. Prefers sun and
fall. Clusters of tubular, bright blue flowers, subsp. woodii is often used as grafting well-drained soil. On wall-trained shrubs
with spreading petal lobes, are borne in
CEPHALOTAXUS late summer and fall. Z7–10 H10–7.
stock for difficult asclepiads. cut back sideshoots after flowering to 2 or
C. distincta subsp. haygarthii. See C. 3 buds and shorten shoots growing away
Plum yew
C. plumbaginoides, illus. p.346. haygarthii. from wall during growing season.
CEPHALOTAXACEAE/TAXACEAE C. willmottianum, illus. p.159. C. haygarthii, syn. C. distincta subsp. Propagate species by softwood or
See also CONIFERS. haygarthii (Orange cestrum). greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
C. harringtonii (Plum yew). Bushy,
CERCIDIPHYLLUM Semievergreen, climbing, succulent in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in summer.
spreading conifer. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). subshrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S indefinite. Fireblight and, on alkaline soil, chlorosis
Needlelike, flattened leaves are glossy, dark CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE Bears oval or rounded, dark green leaves, are common problems.
green, grayish beneath, radiating around Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their 1
/2–3/4in (1–2cm) long. In summer produces C. cathayensis (Common flowering
erect shoots. Bears ovoid, fleshy, green foliage and often spectacular fall color. Late masses of small, white or pinkish-white quince), illus. p.142. Deciduous, spreading,
fruits that ripen to brown. Z6–9 H9–3. frosts may damage young foliage, but do flowers, each with a pitcher-shaped tube, open shrub with thorns. H and S 10ft (3m)
not usually cause lasting harm. Requires widening towards the top and then united or more. Produces long, narrow, pointed,
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but
CERASTIUM well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
at the tip by purplish-spotted petals that mid-green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, pink-
form a short stem ending in 5 “knobs” flushed, white flowers are produced from
CAROPHYLLACEAE C. japonicum, illus. p.66. edged with fine hairs. The whole resembles early to mid-spring, followed by large, egg-
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown an insect hovering over a flower. Z12–15 shaped, yellow-green fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
for their star-shaped flowers. Some species
CERCIS H12–10. C. japonica (Japanese flowering quince).
are useful as groundcover. Needs sun C. linearis, syn. C. linearis subsp. woodii, Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub with
Redbud
and well-drained soil. Propagate by C. woodii, illus. p.490. subsp. woodii. See thorns. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has oval, mid-
division in spring. LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE C. linearis. green leaves and, in spring, a profusion of
C. alpinum (Alpine chickweed). Prostrate Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees with C. sandersoniae. See C. sandersonii. 5-petaled, red or orange-red flowers, then
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 16in (40cm). Tiny, sometimes shrubby growth, grown for C. sandersonii, syn. C. sandersoniae spherical, yellow fruits. Z5–9 H9–1. 535
oval, gray leaves cover stems. Flower stems their foliage and small, pealike flowers, (Fountain flower, Parachute plant). C. speciosa. Vigorous, deciduous, bushy
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CHAMAEBATIARIA
shrub with thorns. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). dark blue and green cones that ripen to C. hirsutus var. demissus. See C.
Chamaespartium sagittale. See
Leaves are oval, glossy and dark green. brown. Z4–7 H9–1. ‘Pendula’ has a gaunt demissus.
Genista sagittalis.
Clustered, 5-petaled, red flowers are borne crown of arching, weeping foliage. C. purpureus, syn. Cytisus purpureus
Chamaespartium sagittale subsp.
from early to mid-spring, and are followed C. obtusa (Hinoki false cypress). Conical (Purple broom). Deciduous, arching shrub.
delphinense. See Genista delphinensis.
by spherical, greenish-yellow fruits. Z5–9 conifer. H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 15ft (5m). H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Semierect
H9–1. ‘Moerloosei’ illus. p.122. ‘Nivalis’ Has stringy, red-brown bark and scalelike, stems are clothed with leaves of 3-palmate,
has pure white flowers. ‘Simonii’, H 3ft aromatic, dark green leaves with bright obovate leaflets. Clusters of 2–3 pale lilac to CHAMELAUCIUM
(1m), S 6ft (2m), bears masses of semidouble, silver lines at sides and incurving tips. purple flowers are produced in early MYRTACEAE
deep red flowers. ‘Snow’ illus. p.146. Small, rounded cones ripen to yellow- summer on previous year’s wood. Is
C. x superba ‘Etna’. is a deciduous, brown. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Coralliformis’, suitable for a bank or sunny border. Z6–9 Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
bushy, dense shrub with thorns. H 5ft H to 20in (50cm), S 3ft (1m), is dwarf, with H9–6. f. albus illus. p.337. flowers and overall appearance. Requires
(1.5m), S 10ft (3m). Has oval, glossy, dark threadlike shoots. ‘Crippsii’ illus. p.104. C. supinus, syn. Cytisus supinus. full sun and well-drained, sandy, neutral to
green leaves. Bears masses of 5-petaled, ‘Intermedia’, H to 12in (30cm), S 16in Deciduous, bushy, rounded shrub. H and acidic soil. Water container specimens
scarlet flowers, with conspicuous, golden- (40cm), is a globular, open, dwarf shrub S 3ft (1m). Dense, terminal heads of large, moderately when in growth, sparingly at
yellow anthers, in spring, followed by with downward-spreading, light green yellow flowers are borne from mid-summer other times. To maintain a more compact
round, yellow fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Crimson foliage. ‘Kosteri’, H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 6–10ft to fall amid gray-green leaves with habit, cut back flowered stems by half
and Gold’ illus. p.193. ‘Knap Hill (2–3m), forms a sprawling bush with 3-palmate, oblong-elliptic leaflets. Z5–9 when the last bloom falls. Propagate by
Scarlet’ (Fernbush), H 5ft (1.5m), S 10ft twisted, lustrous foliage. Is extremely slow- H9–5. seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
(3m), produces large, brilliant red flowers. growing. ‘Nana’ eventual H 3ft (1m), summer.
‘Nicoline’ illus. p.147. ‘Rowallane’ illus. S 5–6ft (1.5–2m), makes a flat-topped bush. C. uncinatum [white], illus. p.453; [pink],
p.147. ‘Nana Aurea’, H and S 6ft (2m), has
CHAMAEDAPHNE illus. p.454.
golden-yellow leaves. ‘Nana Gracilis’ ERICACEAE
CHAMAEBATIARIA (illus. p.105), H 6ft (2m), S 5–6ft (1.5–2m), Genus of one species of evergreen shrub, CHASMANTHE
has glossy foliage. ‘Tetragona Aurea’, grown for its white flowers. Needs sun or
ROSACEAE IRIDACEAE
H 30ft (10m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), produces partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, golden- or bronze-yellow leaves. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. Genus of corms, grown for their showy
grown for its foliage and summer flowers. C. pisifera (Sawara false cypress). Conical C. calyculata (Leatherleaf). Evergreen, flowers. Needs a site in full sun or partial
Needs a sheltered, sunny position and well- conifer with horizontal branches. H 50ft arching, open shrub. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft shade and well-drained soil, with plenty of
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe (15m), S 15ft (5m). Has ridged, peeling, red- (1m). Leaves are small, oblong, leathery water in late winter and early spring.
cuttings in summer. brown bark, scalelike, aromatic, fresh and dark green. Leafy racemes of small, Reduce watering in summer–fall. Propagate
C. millefolium. Deciduous, upright, open green leaves, white at sides and beneath, urn-shaped flowers are borne on slender by division in fall.
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has finely divided, and angular, yellow-brown cones. Z4–8 branches in mid- to late spring. Z3–6 H6–1. C. aethiopica. Spring- and early
aromatic, gray-green leaves. Shallowly cup- H8–1. ‘Boulevard’ has silver-blue foliage. summer-flowering corm. H to 32in
shaped, white flowers, with yellow stamens, ‘Filifera’ has whiplike, hanging shoots (80cm), S 5–7in (12–18cm). Has narrowly
are borne in terminal, branching panicles and dark green foliage. ‘Filifera Aurea’
CHAMAEDOREA sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves in a flat
from mid- to late summer. Z4–7 H7–4. (illus. p.105), H 40ft (12m), S 10–15ft (3–5m), ARECACEAE/PALMAE fan. Produces a spike of scarlet flowers,
also has whiplike shoots, but with golden- Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their all facing one way, with yellow tubes, 2–
Chamaecereus silvestrii. See
Echinopsis chamaecereus. yellow leaves. ‘Filifera Nana’, H 2ft overall appearance. Needs full or partial 21/2in (5–6cm) long, and hooded, upper
(60cm), S 3ft (1m), is a dwarf form with shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water lips. Z8–10 H10–8.
C whiplike branches. ‘Nana’, H and S 20in container plants moderately, less when C. floribunda (Wild oats). Summer-
CHAMAECYPARIS (50cm), is also dwarf, with dark bluish- temperatures are low. Propagate by seed in flowering corm. H to 32in (80cm),
False cypress green foliage. ‘Plumosa’ is broadly conical spring at not less than 77°F (25°C). Red S 5–7in (12–18cm). Is similar to C.
CUPRESSACEAE to columnar, with yellowish-gray-green spider mite may be troublesome. aethiopica, but the leaves are much wider,
leaves. ‘Plumosa Rogersii’, H 6ft (2m),
T Contact with the foliage may aggravate C. elegans, syn. Neanthe bella, illus. p.458. and the longer, orange or scarlet
skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. S 3ft (1m), has yellow foliage. Slow- flowers do not all face the same way.
growing ‘Squarrosa’, H to 70ft (20m), has Z9–10 H10–9.
C. lawsoniana (Lawson false cypress).
a broad crown and soft, blue-gray foliage. CHAMAEMELUM
Upright, columnar conifer with branches
C. thyoides, illus. p.101. ‘Andelyensis’ COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
drooping at tips. H 50–80ft (15–25m),
is a slow-growing, conical, dwarf conifer.
CHASMANTHIUM
S 10–12ft (3–4m). Bears flattened sprays of Genus of evergreen perennials, suitable
H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has wedge-shaped GRAMINAE/POACEAE
scalelike, aromatic, dark green leaves and as groundcover or for a lawn. Flowers may
globular cones, the males brick-red, the tufts of scalelike, aromatic, blue-green be used to make tea. Needs sun and well- See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
females insignificant and green. Z5–9 H9–5. leaves. Globular cones are glaucous blue- drained soil. Propagate by division in and SEDGES.
‘Columnaris’ illus. p.103. ‘Ellwoodii’, gray. spring or by seed in fall. C. latifolium, illus. p.288.
H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m), is erect with C. nobile, syn. Anthemis nobilis
incurved, blue-gray leaves. ‘Fletcheri’, CHAMAECYTISUS (Chamomile). Evergreen, mat-forming, CHEILANTHES
H 15–40ft (5–12m), S 6–10ft (2–3m), has gray invasive perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 18in
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE
leaves that are incurved. ‘Gnome’, H and (45cm). Has finely divided, aromatic leaves
S 20in (50cm), is a dwarf, bun-shaped form Genus of evergreen and deciduous trees, and daisylike, white flower heads, with Genus of evergreen ferns. Needs full
with blue foliage. ‘Green Pillar’ illus. shrubs and subshrubs, grown for pealike yellow centers, borne in late spring or sun and rich, well-drained soil. Do not
p.102. ‘Intertexta’ illus. p.96. flowers. Best in full sun and moderately summer. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Treneague’ is a overwater container plants or splash
‘Kilmacurragh’, H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 3ft fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed non-flowering, less invasive cultivar that, water on fronds. Remove fading foliage
(1m), has very bright green foliage. ‘Lanei in fall or spring or by semiripe cuttings in requiring less mowing, is better for a lawn. regularly. Propagate by spores
Aurea’, illus. p.102. ‘Minima’, H and S 3ft summer. in summer.
(1m), is dwarf and globular, and has light C. albus, syn. Cytisus albua, Cytisus Chamaenerion. See Epilobium. C. lanosa of gardens. See C. tomentosa.
green foliage. ‘Pembury Blue’ illus. p.99. leucanthus. Deciduous, spreading shrub. Chamaepericlymenum canadense. See C. tomentosa, syn. C. lanosa. Evergreen
‘Tamariscifolia’, syn. C. lawsoniana H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Has oval leaves, Cornus canadensis. fern. H and S 6–9in (15–23cm). Leaves are
Tamariscifolia Group, H 10ft (3m), S 12ft each with 3 tiny leaflets and, from early to triangular or lance-shaped and have much
(4m), is a dwarf, spreading form. mid-summer, creamy-white flowers borne CHAMAEROPS divided, soft green fronds on hairy, black
Tamariscifolia Group. See C. lawsoniana in dense clusters. Z6–9 H9–6. stems. Z6–9 H9–6.
‘Tamariscifolia’. ‘Triomf van Boskoop’, C. demissus, syn. C. hirsutus var. ARECACEAE/PALMAE
H 70ft (20m), is broadly columnar, with demissus, Cytisus demissus. Slow-growing, Genus of evergreen palms, cultivated for Cheiranthus ‘Bowles’ Mauve’. See
gray-blue foliage. ‘Wisselii’, H 50ft (15m), deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 3in (8cm), their overall appearance. Needs full sun Erysimum ‘Bowles’s Mauve’.
S 6–10ft (2–3m), is fast-growing, with erect S 8–12in (20–30cm). Densely hairy stems and fertile, well-drained soil. Water Cheiranthus ‘Bredon’. See Erysimum
branches and blue-green leaves. bear tiny, bright green leaves with container plants moderately, less when not ‘Bredon’.
C. nootkatensis (Alaska cedar, Nootka 3-palmate, obovate leaflets. Produces in full growth. Propagate by seed in spring Cheiranthus cheiri. See Erysimum cheiri.
false cypress). Almost geometrically conical axillary clusters of 2–4 bright yellow at not less than 72°F (22°C) or by suckers in Cheiranthus cheiri ‘Harpur Crewe’.
conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 20ft (6m). Bears flowers, each with a brown keel, in early late spring. Red spider mite may be a See Erysimum x kewense ‘Harpur Crewe’.
536 long, pendent sprays of scalelike, aromatic, summer. Is good for a rock garden or nuisance. Cheiranthus ‘Moonlight’. See Erysimum
gray-green leaves and globular, hooked, trough. Z6–9 H9–6. C. humilis, illus. p.165. ‘Moonlight’.
CHRYSANTHEMUM
var. concolor. See C. praecox ‘Luteus’. and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by any time. Small rosettes of leaves may
CHEIRIDOPSIS ‘Luteus’, syn. C. var. luteus, C. praecox division in late summer or fall. appear on flower stems, forming
AIZOACEAE var. concolor, C. praecox ‘Concolor’ has x C. allenii, illus. p.419. plantlets. Z13–15 H11–10.
pure yellow flowers. ‘Vittatum’ illus. p.465.
Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents with pairs of semicylindrical CHIRITA
leaves. Needs sun and well-drained soil. CHIMONOBAMBUSA GESNERIACEAE CHOISYA
Water in fall to encourage flowers. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE RUTACEAE
Genus of evergreen perennials or
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
spring or summer.
and SEDGES. Requires well-drained soil, a fairly humid foliage and flowers. Requires full sun and
C. candidissima. See C. denticulata.
C. timidissinoda, illus. p.287. atmosphere and a light position out of fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
C. denticulata, syn. C. candidissima.
direct sunlight. Propagate by tip cuttings in semiripe cuttings in late summer.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 4in
summer or, if available, seed in late winter C. ‘Aztec Pearl’, illus. p.122.
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has semicylindrical, CHIONANTHUS or spring. C. ternata, illus. p.122. SUNDANCE (‘Lich’)
slender, fleshy, blue-gray leaves, each with Fringetree
C. lavandulacea, illus. p.473. illus. p.148.
a flat top, joined in pairs for almost half
OLEACEAE C. sinensis. Evergreen, stemless,
their length. Bears daisylike, shiny, Chordospartium stevensonii. See
white flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S 10in
Carmichaelia stevensonii.
in spring. Z9–11 H11–10. their profuse, white flowers. Flowers (25cm) or more. Has oval, almost fleshy
C. purpurata. See C. purpurea. more freely in areas with hot summers. leaves, the corrugated, hairy surfaces
C. purpurea, syn. C. purpurata. Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained usually patterned with silver marks. CHORISIA
Carpeting, perennial succulent. H 4in but not too dry soil. Propagate by seed in In spring–summer, clusters of tubular, Floss silk tree
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has semicylindrical, fall. lavender flowers are held above leaves. BOMBACACEAE/MALVACEAE
thick, short, glaucous green leaves, each C. retusus (Chinese fringe tree). Z14–15 H11–10.
Genus of deciduous trees, usually with
with a flat top. In early spring produces Deciduous, often treelike, arching shrub.
spine-covered trunks, grown mainly for
H and S 10ft (3m). From early to mid-
daisylike, purple-pink flowers, 11/2in CHLIDANTHUS their flowers in fall and winter and their
(4cm) across. Z13–15 H11–10. summer, star-shaped, pure white flowers
AMARYLLIDACEAE overall appearance. Needs full light and
are produced in large clusters amid oval,
well-drained soil. Water container
bright green leaves. Z5–9 H9–3. Genus of one species of summer-flowering
CHELIDONIUM C. virginicus, illus. p.112. bulb, grown for its showy, funnel-shaped
specimens freely when in full growth, very
Greater celandine little when leafless. Pruning is tolerated if
flowers. Needs a sunny site and well-
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring.
PAPAVERACEAE drained soil. Plant in the open in spring.
CHIONOCHLOA After flowering, if necessary, lift and dry
Red spider mite may be troublesome.
Genus of one species of perennial that C. speciosa, syn. Ceiba speciosa, illus.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE off for winter. Propagate by offsets in
rapidly forms groundcover. Grows in sun p.450.
or shade and in any but very wet soil. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES spring.
Propagate by seed or division in fall. and SEDGES. C. fragrans, illus. p.424.
T Contact with the sap may cause skin C. conspicua (Hunangemoho grass). CHORIZEMA
Evergreen, tussock-forming, perennial
blisters. CHLOROGALUM LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
C. majus ‘Flore Pleno’, illus. p.227. grass. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Very
LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE Genus of evergreen subshrubs, shrubs and
long, mid-green leaves are tinged reddish-
CHELONE
brown. Has sturdy, arching stems with Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
scandent climbers, grown mainly for their
flowers. Requires full light and rich, well-
C
long, loose, open panicles of cream more for botanical interest than for floral
Turtlehead drained, sandy soil, preferably neutral to
spikelets in summer. Z7–10 H10–7. display. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
acidic. Water container plants moderately,
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE C. rubra, illus. p.285. Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
less when not in full growth. Tie climbers to
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering C. pomeridianum. Summer-flowering
supports, or grow in hanging baskets.
bulb. H to 8ft (2.5m), S 6–8in (15–20cm).
perennials. Needs partial shade and moist CHIONODOXA Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
soil. Propagate by soft-tip cuttings in Semierect, basal leaves are long, narrow
Glory-of-the-snow cuttings in summer.
summer or by division or seed in fall or and gray-green, with wavy margins.
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE C. ilicifolium, illus. p.454.
spring. Produces a large, loosely branched head of
C. barbata. See Penstemon barbatus. Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, related small, saucer-shaped, white flowers, with a Chrysalidocarpus lutescens. See
C. obliqua, illus. p.438. to Scilla. Is suitable for rock gardens central, green or purple stripe on each Dypsis lutescens.
and for naturalizing under shrubs, in petal, that open after midday.
sun or partial shade. Requires well-
CHIASTOPHYLLUM drained soil, top-dressed with leaf mold
CHRYSANTHEMUM
CRASSULACEAE
CHLOROPHYTUM COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
or mature garden compost in fall.
Genus of one species of evergreen Propagate by seed in fall or by division LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE Genus of annuals, perennials, some of
perennial, grown for its succulent leaves in late summer or fall. Genus of evergreen, stemless perennials which are evergreen, and evergreen
and sprays of small, yellow flowers. Thrives C. forbesii, syn. C. luciliae, C. siehei, with short rhizomes, grown for their subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Each
in rock crevices. Needs shade and well- C. tmolusii, illus. p.419. foliage. Grow in a light position, away from flower head is referred to horticulturally as
drained soil that is not too dry. Propagate C. gigantea. See C. luciliae. direct sun, in fertile, well-drained soil. a flower, even though it does in fact
by sideshoot cuttings in early summer or C. luciliae, syn. C. gigantea, illus. p.420. Water freely in growing season but comprise a large number of individual
by seed in fall. C. luciliae of gardens. See C. forbesii. sparingly at other times if container-grown. flowers or florets; this horticultural usage
C. oppositifolium, syn. Cotyledon C. ‘Pink Giant’, illus. p.416. Propagate by seed, division or plantlets has been followed in the descriptions
simplicifolia, illus. p.335. C. sardensis. Early spring-flowering (produced on flower stems of some species) below. Leaves are usually deeply lobed or
bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). at any time except winter. cut, often feathery, oval to lance-shaped.
Has 2 narrowly lance-shaped, semierect, C. capense. Evergreen, tufted perennial. Florists’ chrysanthemums (nowadays
CHIMONANTHUS basal leaves. Leafless stem has 4–15 flattish, H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Forms considered to belong to the genus
CALYCANTHACEAE slightly pendent or outward-facing, deep rosettes of lance- or strap-shaped, bright Dendranthema) comprise the vast majority
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, winter- rich blue flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) across green leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Tiny, of chrysanthemums now cultivated and are
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers. and with, or without an indistinct, white white flowers in racemes, to 24in (60cm) perennials grown for garden decoration,
At limits of hardiness reduce susceptibility eye. Z3–9 H9–1. long, are borne in summer. Does not cutting and exhibition. Florists’
of flowers to frost by training plants C. siehei. See C. forbesii. produce plantlets. Z13–15 H11–10. chrysanthemums (and the other
against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs C. tmolusii. See C. forbesii. C. capense of gardens. See C. comosum. chrysanthemums treated here) generally
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. C. comosum, syn. C. capense (Spider perform well in Z5–9 H9–5; for extra
plant). Evergreen, tufted perennial. H 12in
Propagate species by seed when ripe, in x CHIONOSCILLA protection, crowns should be lifted and
late spring and early summer, cultivars by (30cm), S indefinite. Very narrow leaves, stored in a frost-free place over winter.
softwood cuttings in summer. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE to 18in (45cm) long, spread from a Needs a sunny site and reasonably fertile,
C. fragrans. See C. praecox. var. luteus. Hybrid genus (Chionodoxa x Scilla) of rosette. Racemes of many small, star- well-drained soil. If grown for exhibition,
See C. praecox ‘Luteus’. spring-flowering bulbs, suitable for rock shaped, white flowers are produced on requires regular feeding. Pinch out 537
C. praecox, syn. C. fragrans, illus. p.144. gardens. Needs full sun or partial shade thin stems, 24in (60cm) or more long, at growing tips to encourage lateral growths
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CHRYSANTHEMUM
on which flowers will be borne, and stake Connecticut in the 1930s and the prime (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Light bronze flowers, (30cm). Bears pink flowers, 10in (25cm)
tall plants with canes. Propagate annuals quality, which they all have in common, is 1in (2.5cm) across, with yellow centers, are wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
by seed sown in position in spring; thin their dependable hardiness: they can be left borne on small-leaved plants in mid-fall. C. ‘Emperor of China’, illus. p.252.
out, but do not transplant. Propagate hardy in the ground all winter without protection. C. ‘Bronze Fairie’. Pompon florists’ Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 4ft
perennials by division in fall, after They are ideal for general garden use, in chrysanthemum. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 2ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Double, silvery pink
flowering, or in early spring. Florists’ fact they require little special treatment (60cm). Has bronze flowers, 11/2in (4cm) flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with quilled
chrysanthemums should be propagated other than good winter drainage; their across, in early fall. petals, are borne in late fall above red-
from basal softwood cuttings in spring. hardiness can be compromised if grown in C. ‘Bronze Hedgerow’. Single florists’ tinted leaves.
Spray regularly to control aphids, capsids, poorly drained soil. Some are usefully late chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2–3ft C. ‘Enbee Wedding’, illus. p.252. Spray
froghoppers, earwigs, mildew and white in coming into flower; some need support (75cm–1m). Produces bronze flowers, 5in florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m),
rust. while others are short and bushy. The taller (12cm) across, in late fall. S 21/2ft (75cm). Has single, light pink
Florists’ chrysanthemums types make good cut flowers. C. ‘Bronze Yvonne Arnaud’. Reflexed flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in early fall.
Florists’ chrysanthemums are grouped Those most suitable for garden decoration florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), Is good for exhibition.
according to their widely varying flower are sprays, pompoms and early reflexed S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Yvonne C. ‘Fairweather’. Incurved florists’
forms, approximate flowering season chrysanthemums. All are suitable for Arnaud’ with fully reflexed, bronze flowers chrysanthemum. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(early, mid- or late fall) and habit. They are cutting, except for charms. Late-flowering in early fall. (60cm). Bears pale purplish-pink flowers,
divided into disbudded and non-disbudded chrysanthemums are suitable for growing C. ‘Buff Margaret’. Spray florists’ 51/2in (14cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for
types. For descriptions and illustrations of only under glass as flowers need protection chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S to 21/2ft exhibition.
flower forms, see feature panel pp.252–3. from poor weather; they should be grown (75cm). Has reflexed, pale bronze flowers, C. ‘Fiona Lynn’. Reflexed florists’
Disbudded types—single, anemone- in pots and placed in a greenhouse in early to 31/2in (9cm) wide, in early fall. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft
centered, incurved, intermediate and fall, when the flower buds have developed. C. carinatum. See Ismelia carinata. (75cm). Fully reflexed, pink flowers, to
reflexed—are so called because all buds, Intermediate cultivars are also less suitable C. ‘Carmine Blush’, illus. p.253. 7–8in (18–20cm) across, are produced in
except the one that is to flower, are for garden decoration as florets may collect Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 24in early fall. Is ideal for exhibition.
removed from each stem. To produce and retain rain and thus become damaged. (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces single, C. frutescens. See Argyranthemum
exhibition flowers, incurved, intermediate Those cultivars suitable for exhibition are clear rose-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, frutescens.‘Jamaica Primrose’. See
and reflexed chrysanthemums may be noted below. Measurements of flowers each with a greenish-yellow center, from Argyranthemum ‘Jamaica Primrose’.
restricted to only 2 blooms per plant by given are the greatest normally achieved mid-fall to early winter. ‘Mary Wootton’. See Argyranthemum
removing all except the 2 most vigorous and may vary considerably depending on C. ‘Chelsea Physic Garden’, illus. p.253. ‘Mary Wootton’.
lateral growths. In gardens, allow 4 or 5 growing conditions. Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 45in C. ‘George Griffiths’, illus. p.253.
blooms per plant to develop. Single and C. ‘Alison Kirk’. Incurved florists’ (115cm), S 36in (90cm). In late fall bears Reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4–41/2ft
anemone-centered flowers should be chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1–2ft double, bronze flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, (1.2–1.35m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces fully
reduced to 4–8 blooms per plant for (30–60cm). Produces white flowers, to with yellow-petaled undersides. reflexed, deep red flowers, to 51/2in (14cm)
exhibition, according to their vigor, and 10 5–6in (12–15cm) across, in early fall. Is C. ‘Chesapeake’, illus. p.252. Spider-form wide, in early fall. Is excellent for
or more for garden decoration or cutting. more suitable for exhibition than for florists’ chrysanthemum. H 48in (1.2m), exhibition.
Non-disbudded types—charm, pompom garden use. S 20in (50cm). Quill-shaped, white flowers, C. ‘Gigantic’. Tightly incurved or loosely
and spray chrysanthemums—have several C. alpinum. See Leucanthemopsis alpina. to 8in (20cm) across, are borne in fall when reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum, its form
flowers per stem. C. ‘Amber Yvonne Arnaud’. disbudded. depending on the amount of warmth
Charm chrysanthemums are dwarf plants Reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft C. ‘Chessington’. Intermediate florists’ provided. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
that produce hundreds of star-shaped, (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Is a sport of chrysanthemum. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m), S 21/2ft salmon-pink flowers, 10–11in (25–27cm)
C single flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, densely C. ‘Yvonne Arnaud’ with fully reflexed, (75cm). Produces fairly tightly incurving, wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
covering each plant to form a amber flowers in early fall. white flowers, 7–8in (18–20cm) across, in C. ‘Ginger Nut’. Intermediate florists’
hemispherical to almost spherical head. C. ‘Anastasia’, illus. p.253. Semi-pompom early fall. Is more suitable for exhibition chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
For exhibition, finish growing in at least chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm), S 20in than for garden use. (60–75cm). Bears tightly incurving, light
12in (30cm) pots. Plants for indoor (50cm). Has flat-topped, dark purplish-pink C. ‘Christina’. Intermediate florists’ bronze flowers, to 51/2in (14cm) across,
decoration are grown in smaller pots and flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, with yellow chrysanthemum. H 41/2–5ft (1.35–1.5m), occasionally closing at top to form a true
have correspondingly smaller, though centers, in mid-fall. S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Bears loosely incurved flower, in early fall. Is good for
equally dense, heads of blooms. C. ‘Apollo’, illus. p.253. Korean Group incurving, white flowers, to 51/2in (14cm) exhibition.
Pompom chrysanthemums are also dwarf. chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm), S 30in wide, in early fall. Is suitable for exhibition. C. ‘Golden Chalice’, illus. p.253. Charm
Each plant has 50 or more dense, spherical (75cm). Single, bronze-red flowers, 2in C. ‘Claire Louise’. Reflexed florists’ florists’ chrysanthemum. H and S 3ft (1m).
or occasionally hemispherical, fully double (5cm) across, with petals of uneven length, chrysanthemum. H 4–41/2ft (1.2–1.35m), Bears single, yellow flowers, 1in (2.5cm)
flowers that have tubular petals (for open from dark red buds in late fall. S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces fully reflexed, wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
illustrations see p.252). They are excellent C. ‘Aunt Millicent’, illus. p.252. Korean bronze flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, in C. ‘Golden Gigantic’. Tightly incurved
for growing in borders. Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm), early fall. Is ideal for exhibition. or loosely reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum.
Semi-pompom chrysanthemums, S 24in (60cm). Produces abundant, single, C. ‘Clara Curtis’, illus. p.247. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 1ft (30cm). Produces large,
sometimes called Japanese pompom, have silvery-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, C. coccineum. See Tanacetum coccineum. gold flowers, 10–11in (25–27cm) wide, in
similar flowers to those of the pompom but each with a pale zone around the yellow C. coronarium. See Xanthophthalmum late fall. Is good for exhibition.
as they mature the yellow centers are center, in mid-fall. Has rather large leaves. coronarium. C. ‘Golden Woolman’s Glory’. Single
revealed. C. ‘Autumn Days’. Intermediate florists’ C. ‘Cottage Apricot’, illus. p.253. Korean florists’ chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
Spray chrysanthemums have a variety of chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm), (1m). Golden flowers, to 7in (18cm) across,
flower forms: single, anemone-centered, S to 21/2ft (75cm). Bears loosely incurving, S 24in (60cm). Single, bright orange are borne in late fall. Is excellent for
intermediate, reflexed, pompom, spoon- bronze flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in early flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, each with a exhibition.
shaped (in which each straight, tubular fall. narrow yellow ring around the yellow C. ‘Grandchild’, illus. p.253. Korean
floret opens out like a spoon at its tip), C. ‘Beacon’. Intermediate florists’ center, are borne in mid-fall. Group chrysanthemum. H 18in (45cm),
quill-shaped and spider-form. Each plant chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). C. densum. See Tanacetum densum subsp. S 16in (40cm). Has double, bright mauve
should be allowed to develop 4 or 5 stems Bears red, sometimes bronze, flowers, to amani. flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in early fall.
with at least 5 flowers per stem. Grow l 7in (18cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for C. ‘Doctor Tom Parr’, illus. p.253. C. ‘Green Satin’. Intermediate florists’
ate-flowering sprays on up to 3 stems exhibition. Semi-pompon chrysanthemum. H and chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
per plant. With controlled day length, to C. ‘Bill Wade’. Intermediate florists’ S 18in (45cm). Rather flat, rose-madder Produces loosely incurving, green flowers,
regulate flowering dates for exhibition chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.35m), S 2ft flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, with gold to 5in (12cm) wide, in late fall.
purposes, late sprays should be allowed (60cm). Loosely incurving, white flowers, flashes fading to beige, are produced in C. haradjanii. See Tanacetum haradjanii.
to develop at least 12 flowers per stem; 7–8in (18–20cm) across, are borne in early mid-fall. Is a darker sport of C. ‘Anastasia’. C. hosmariense. See Rhodanthemum
without day length control, 6 or 7 flowers fall. Is more suitable for exhibition than for C. ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’, illus. p.253. hosmariense.
per stem. garden use. Korean Group chrysanthemum. H and C. ‘Idris’. Incurved florists’
Korean Group chrysanthemums C. ‘Brietner’. Reflexed florists’ S 24in (60cm). In early and mid-fall bears chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 11/2ft
Korean Group chrysanthemums have a chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), semidouble, rich coppery-red flowers, 2in (45cm). Has salmon-pink flowers, 8–10in
variety of flower forms: anemone-centered, S 21/2ft (75cm). Fully reflexed, pink flowers, (5cm) across, with yellow centers, some (21–25cm) wide, in late fall.
pompom, reflexed, single, intermediate, to 5in (12cm) wide, are borne in early fall. with tufts of petals in the center. Z4–8 H8–4. C. ‘Innocence’, illus. p.252. Rubellum
538 spider, quill and spoon. All are derived C. ‘Bronze Elegance’, illus. p.253. C. ‘Elsie Prosser’. Fully reflexed florists’ Group chrysanthemum. H 32in (80cm),
from plants originally developed in Semi-pompon chrysanthemum. H 24in chrysanthemum. H 41/2–5ft (1.3–1.5m), S 1ft S 20in (50cm). Single, palest pink flowers,
CHUSQUEA
21/2in (6cm) across, with several layers of C. ‘Nancye Furneaux’. Reflexed florists’ wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition. flowers, 3in (7cm) across, are borne in early
petals and a narrow, white ring round the chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft C. ‘Primrose West Bromwich’. fall. Has dark green leaves.
green-centered, yellow disc, are produced (45cm). Has yellow flowers, 8–10in Reflexed florists’ chrysanthemum. H 7ft C. x superbum. See Leucanthemum x
in mid- and late fall over red-tinted leaves. (21–25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good (2.2m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Fully reflexed, superbum.
C. ‘John Wingfield’. Reflexed florists’ for exhibition. pale yellow flowers, to 7in (18cm) or more C. ‘Talbot Jo’. Spray florists’
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2–2ft C. ‘Nantyderry Sunshine’, illus. p.253. wide, are borne in mid-fall. Use only for chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 30in
(45–60cm). Produces white, often pink- Semi-pompom chrysanthemum. H and exhibition. (75cm). Bears single, yellow-centered, pink
flushed, flowers, 5in (12cm) wide, in late S 20in (50cm). Bright yellow flowers, 1in C. ‘Purleigh White’, illus. p.252. Semi- flower heads, 3in (8cm) across, in early fall.
fall. Is good for exhibition. (2.5cm) across, each with a small, yellow pompom chrysanthemum. H and S 20in Is good for exhibition.
C. ‘Keith Luxford’. Incurved florists’ center, are borne in mid- to late fall. May (50cm). In mid- and late fall bears white C. ‘Tapestry Rose’, illus. p.253. Korean
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft occasionally revert to the pink of C. ‘Mei- flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, slightly blushed Group chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm),
(45cm). Bears pink flowers, 8–10in kyo’. in pink, each with a small, yellow center. S 24in (60cm). Slightly messy, rich rose-
(21–25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good C. ‘Nell Gwynn’, illus. p.252. Korean Has small leaves. pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with
for exhibition. Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm), C. ‘Purple Pennine Wine’. Spray green-centered, yellow discs, are produced
C. ‘Lemon Rynoon’. Spray florists’ S 24in (60cm). Single, rose-pink flowers, florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), in mid-fall.
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 30–39in 23/4in (6.5cm) across, each with a primrose- S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Bears reflexed, C. tricolor. See Ismelia carinata.
(75–100cm). Has single, yellow-centered yellow ring around the yellow center, are purplish-red flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in C. ulignosum. See Leucanthemella
flower heads, 3in (8cm) across, in pale produced in late summer and early fall early fall. Is very good for exhibition. serotina.
lemon-yellow fading to white, in late fall. above broad, mid-green leaves. C. ‘Ringdove’. Charm florists’ C. ‘Venice’. Reflexed florists’
C. ‘Lundy’. Fully reflexed florists’ C. ‘Oracle’. Intermediate florists’ chrysanthemum. H and S 3ft (1m). Has chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60– masses of pink flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, (60–75cm). Reflexed, pink flowers, to 6in
(45cm). Bears white flowers, 8–10in 75cm). Produces loosely incurving, pale in late fall. Is excellent for exhibition. (15cm) wide, are produced in early fall. Is
(21–25cm) wide, often broader than they bronze flowers, to 5in (12cm) wide, in early C. ‘Robeam’. Spray florists’ good for exhibition.
are deep, in late fall. Is good for exhibition. fall. Is useful for exhibition. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2–3ft C. ‘Wendy’. Spray florists’
C. ‘Madeleine’. Spray florists’ C. parthenium. See Tanacetum (75–100cm). Produces reflexed, yellow chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft parthenium. flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in late fall. Is (60–75cm). Produces reflexed, pale bronze
(75cm). Has reflexed, pink flowers, to 3in C. ‘Paul Boissier’, illus. p.253. Rubellum good for exhibition. flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in early fall. Is
(8cm) across, in early fall. Is good for Group chrysanthemum. H 39in (1m), S 30in C. ‘Rose Yvonne Arnaud’. Reflexed excellent for exhibition. Z4–9 H9–1.
exhibition. (75cm). Has semidouble, orange-bronze florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), C. weyrichii. Mat-forming, rhizomatous
C. ‘Majestic’. Fully reflexed florists’ flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with sharp- S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Yvonne perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). In
chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 11/2ft pointed petals, in mid- to late fall. Arnaud’, producing fully reflexed, red
fall bears single, yellow-centered, pink or
(45cm). Has light bronze flowers, 8–10in C. ‘Peach Brietner’. Reflexed florists’ flowers in early fall. Z4–9 H9–1.
white flowers, 5cm (2in) across. Z5–9 H9–5.
(21–25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m), C. ‘Roy Coopland’. Intermediate to
C. ‘Woking Rose’. Intermediate florists’
exhibition. S 21/2ft (75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Brietner’ loosely incurved florists’ chrysanthemum.
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft
C. ‘Maria’. Pompom florists’ with fully reflexed, peach-colored flowers. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
(45cm). Has rose-pink flowers, to 8in (21cm)
chrysanthemum. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 1–2ft C. ‘Pennine Alfie’. Spray florists’ bronze flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, in late fall.
wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
(30–60cm). Bears masses of pink flowers, chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft Is good for exhibition.
C. ‘Yellow Brietner’. Reflexed florists’
to 11/2in (4cm) across, in early fall. (60–75cm). Spoon-shaped, pale bronze C. ‘Ruby Mound’, illus. p.253. Korean
chrysanthemum. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m),
C. ‘Marian Gosling’. Reflexed florists’ flowers, to 21/2–3in (6–8cm) wide, are borne Group chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm),
S 21/2ft (75cm). Is a sport of C. ‘Brietner’ with
chrysanthemum. H 4–41/2ft (1.2–1.35m), in early fall. Is suitable for exhibition. Z4–9 S 32in (80cm). Prolific, fully double, rich
fully reflexed, yellow flowers in early fall.
C
S 2ft (60cm). Fully reflexed, pale pink H9–1. deep maroon flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across,
C. ‘Yellow John Hughes’, illus. p.253.
flowers, to 51/2in (14cm) wide, are produced C. ‘Pennine Flute’. Quill-shaped florists’ are borne in mid- and late fall.
Incurved florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft
in early fall. Is good for exhibition. chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft C. ‘Rumpelstilzchen’, illus. p.253. Korean
(1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Yellow flowers,
C. ‘Marion’. Spray florists’ (60–75cm). Is similar to C. ‘Pennine Alfie’, Group chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm),
to 5–51/2in (12–14cm) wide, are produced in
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft but has pink flowers. S 20in (50cm). Single, rich red flowers,
late fall. Is excellent for exhibition.
(75cm). Produces reflexed, pale yellow C. ‘Pennine Oriel’, illus. p.252. 11/2in (4cm) across, with several layers of
C. ‘Yvonne Arnaud’. Reflexed florists’
flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, from late Spray florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft petals and a narrow, yellow ring around
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft
summer. (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Anemone- the yellow center, are produced in early fall.
(60–75cm). Fully reflexed, purple flowers, to
C. ‘Mary Stoker’, illus. p.253. Rubellum centered, white flowers, to 9cm (3½in) Dislikes wet soil in winter.
5in (12cm) wide, are produced in early fall.
Group chrysanthemum. H 39in (100cm), across, are produced in early fall. Is very C. ‘Rytorch’. Spray florists’
S 36in (90cm). Bears slightly ragged- good for exhibition. chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 30–39in
looking, single, creamy-apricot flowers, 2in C. ‘Perry’s Peach’, illus. p.253. Korean (75–100cm). Produces single, light bronze, CHRYSOGONUM
(5cm) across, each with a domed, yellow Group chrysanthemum. H 20in (50cm), yellow-centered flower heads, to 3in (8cm)
center, in mid-fall. Tends to run at the roots. S 16in (40cm). Single, peach-pink flowers, across, in late fall.
Z4–8 H8–4. 2in (5cm) across, each with a narrow, C. ‘Salmon Fairie’. Pompom florists’ Genus of one species of summer- to fall-
C. ‘Mason’s Bronze’. Single florists’ cream band round the golden-yellow chrysanthemum. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S 2ft flowering perennial. Is suitable for rock
chrysanthemum. H 41/2–5ft (1.35–1.5m), S to center, are produced in mid-fall over red- (60cm). Is similar to C. ‘Bronze Fairie’, but gardens. Needs partial shade and moist but
3ft (1m). Has bronze flowers, to 5in (12cm) tinted leaves. has salmon flowers. well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
wide, in late fall. Is excellent for exhibition. C. ‘Peterkin’. Semi-pompom C. ‘Salmon Margaret’. Spray florists’ by division in spring or by seed when
C. maximum of gardens. See chrysanthemum. H and S 20in (50cm). In chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S to 21/2ft fresh.
Leucanthemum x superbum. mid- and late fall bears golden-yellow (75cm). Is similar to C. ‘Buff Margaret’, but C. virginianum, illus. p.344.
C. ‘Mei-kyo’. Semi-pompom flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, with each petal has salmon flowers.
chrysanthemum. H and S 20in (50cm). In tipped in rusty-orange, becoming paler C. ‘Sea Urchin’, illus. p.253. Korean CHRYSOSPLENIUM
mid- and late fall produces pale mauve with age, and with a small, yellow center. Group chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm),
SAXIFRAGACEAE
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, each with a Has small leaves. S 20in (50cm). Produces spider-form, fully
small, yellow center and with new petals in C. ‘Peter Rowe’. Incurved florists’ double, lemon-yellow flowers, 3in (7cm) Genus of creeping hardy perennials, grown
the center a darker shade. Has small leaves. chrysanthemum. H 41/2ft (1.35m), S 2–21/2ft across, in early and mid-fall. Dislikes winter for their foliage and early spring flowers.
C. ‘Mrs. Jessie Cooper’, illus. p.253. (60–75cm). Produces yellow flowers, to wet. Requires a shady position and moist, poor
Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 36in 51/2in (14cm) across, in early fall. Is ideal for C. segetum. See Xanthophthalmum to moderately fertile, rich soil. Propagate
(90cm), S 24in (60cm). Single, vivid cerise- exhibition. segetum. by division or soft-tip cuttings in spring or
pink, flowers, 2in (5cm) across, each with C. ‘Primrose Fairweather’. Incurved C. ‘Senkyo Emiaki’. Spider-form florists’ by seed in fall.
a slender, white ring around the domed, florists’ chrysanthemum. H 3–31/2ft chrysanthemum. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), S to 2ft C. macrophyllum, illus. p.256.
yellow center, are borne in mid- and late (1–1.1m), S to 21/2ft (75cm). Produces pale (60cm). Bears light pink flowers, 6in (15cm)
fall above broad, dark green leaves. yellow flowers, to 51/2–6in (14–15cm) wide, wide, in early fall. Is good for exhibition. CHUSQUEA
C. ‘Myss Saffron’. Spray in late fall. Is good for exhibition. C. serotinum. See Leucanthemella
chrysanthemum. H 34in (85cm), S 30in C. ‘Primrose John Hughes’. Perfectly serotina. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
(75cm). In late summer and early fall bears incurved florists’ chrysanthemum. H 4ft C. ‘Spartan Seagull’, illus. p.252. Korean See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
erect sprays of double, yellow flowers, (1.2m), S 2–21/2ft (60–75cm). Bears Group chrysanthemum. H 28in (70cm), and SEDGES. 539
21/2in (6cm) across, fading to cream. primrose-yellow flowers, 5–51/2in (12–14cm) S 20in (50cm). Slightly ruffled, single, white C. culeou, illus. p.288.
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CICERBITA
C. hypoglauca. Evergreen, woody- set off large, saucer-shaped, clear pink

CICERBITA CINNAMOMUM stemmed, scrambling climber. H 6–10ft flowers, each with conspicuous, yellow
SYN. MULGEDIUM LAURACEAE (2–3m). Leaves are divided into 4 or 5 oval stamens, from early to mid-summer.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE leaflets that are pale green above and blue- Z8–10 H10–8.
Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
gray beneath. Z13–15 H11–10. C. x lusitanicus of gardens. See C. x
Genus of perennials, grown for their flower foliage and to provide shade. Requires full
C. juttae. See Cyphostemma juttae. dansereaui.
heads. Needs shade and damp but well- light or partial shade and fertile, moist but
C. rhombifolia, syn. Rhoicissus C. monspeliensis. Evergreen, bushy
drained soil. Propagate by division in well-drained soil. Water container
rhombifolia, Rhoicissus rhomboidea (Grape shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has narrow,
spring or by seed in fall. Some species may specimens freely when in full growth, less
ivy). Moderately vigorous, evergreen, wrinkled, dark green leaves and small,
be invasive. at other times. May be pruned if necessary.
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 10ft white flowers freely borne from early to
C. alpina, syn. Lactuca alpina (Mountain Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
(3m) or more. Has lustrous leaves divided mid-summer. Z8–11 H11–8.
sow thistle). Branching, upright perennial. cuttings in summer.
into 3 coarsely toothed leaflets. Z12–14 C. parviflorus (Sageleaf rockrose).
H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Mid-green leaves C. camphora. Moderately fast-growing,
H11–10. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and
are lobed, with a large, terminal lobe. Bears evergreen, rounded tree. H and S 40ft (12m)
C. striata, syn. Ampelopsis sempervirens, S 3ft (1m). Small, saucer-shaped, pale
elongated panicles of thistle-like, pale blue or more. Oval, lustrous, rich green leaves,
Parthenocissus striata, Vitis striata (Ivy of pink flowers are produced among oval,
flower heads in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. tinted blue-gray beneath, reddish or
Uruguay, Miniature grape ivy). Fast- gray-green leaves in early summer.
C. bourgaei, syn. Lactuca bourgaei. coppery when young, are camphor-scented
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, Z8–10 H10–8.
Rampant, erect perennial. H to 6ft (2m), when bruised. Produces insignificant
tendril climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Has C. x purpureus. Evergreen, bushy,
S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are oblong to lance- flowers in spring. Z8–10 H10–8.
leaves of 3–5 oval, serrated, lustrous, green rounded shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
shaped, toothed and light green. Many- leaflets. Mature plants may produce pea- Produces saucer-shaped, deep purplish-
branched panicles of thistle-like, CIONURA shaped, glossy, black fruits in fall. Z12–14 pink flowers, each blotched with deep
mauve-blue or purplish-blue flower heads H11–10.
appear in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE red, from early to mid-summer. Leaves
C. voinieriana. See Tetrastigma
Genus of one species of deciduous, twining are narrowly lance-shaped and gray-
voinierianum.
climber, grown for its flowers. Grow in any green. Z9–10 H10–8.
CICHORIUM soil and in full sun. Prune after flowering. Cistanthe tweedyi. See Lewisia C. revolii of gardens. See Halimiocistus
Chicory Propagate by seed in spring or by stem sahucii.
tweedyi.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE cuttings in late summer or early fall. C. salviifolius, illus. p.150.
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, T Contact with the latex exuded by cut CISTUS C. ‘Silver Pink’. See C. x lenis ‘Graysword
grown mainly in herb or kitchen gardens leaves and stems may irritate skin or cause Pink’.
Rock rose C. x skanbergii, illus. p.152.
(C. intybus has edible leaves). Needs full blisters, and may cause severe discomfort if
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by ingested. CISTACEAE
seed in fall or spring. T Contact with all C. erecta, syn. Marsdenia erecta. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for x CITROFORTUNELLA
parts of the plants may irritate skin or Deciduous, twining climber. H 10ft (3m) or their succession of freely borne, short-
more. Heart-shaped, grayish-green leaves lived, showy flowers. Is good in coastal RUTACEAE
aggravate skin allergies.
C. intybus, illus. p.242. are 11/4–21/4in (3–6cm) long. In summer, areas, withstanding sea winds well. Hybrid genus (Citrus x Fortunella) of
clusters of fragrant, white flowers, with 5 Prefers full sun and light, well-drained evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
spreading petals, are borne in leaf axils, soil. Resents being transplanted. Cut out their flowers, fruits and overall appearance.
CIMICIFUGA followed by fruits, 3in (7cm) long, any dead wood in spring, but do not Needs full light and fertile, well-drained but
Black cohosh, Bugbane containing many silky seeds, in fall. Z9–10 prune hard. Propagate species by not dry soil. Water container specimens
C RANUNCULACEAE H11–10. softwood or greenwood cuttings in freely when in full growth, moderately at
Genus of perennials, grown for their summer or by seed in fall, hybrids and other times. Propagate by seed when ripe
flowers, which have an unusual, slightly CIRSIUM cultivars by cuttings only in summer. or by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
unpleasant smell. Requires partial shade C. x aguilarii ‘Maculatus’, illus. p.150. summer. Whitefly, red spider mite, mealy
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE C. albidus (Crimson-spot rockrose).
and moist soil. Needs staking. Propagate by bug, lime-induced and magnesium-
seed when fresh or by division in spring. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). deficiency chlorosis may be troublesome.
Sometimes included in the closely related Most species are not cultivated—indeed, Leaves are oblong and white-felted. x C. microcarpa, syn. x C. mitis, Citrus
genus Actaea, which has fleshy, berry-like some are pernicious weeds—but C. rivulare Saucer-shaped, pale rose-pink flowers, mitis, illus. p.458.
fruits, whereas the pods of Cimicifuga are has decorative flower heads. Tolerates sun each with a central, yellow blotch, are x C. mitis. See x C. microcarpa.
dry and not fleshy. or shade and any but wet soil. Propagate produced in early summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
by division in spring or by seed in fall. C. algarvensis. See Halimium ocymoides. Citrus mitis. See Citrofortunella
C. cordifolia, syn. C. racemosa var.
C. rivulare ‘Atropurpureum’. Erect C. x argenteus ‘Peggy Sammons’, microcarpa.
cordifolia, C. rubifolia (Black snakeroot).
Clump-forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Heads illus. p.153.
(60cm). Feathery plumes of star-shaped, of pincushionlike, deep crimson flowers are C. x corbariensis. See C. x hybridus. CLADANTHUS
creamy-white flowers are produced in mid- borne on erect stems in summer. Leaves C. creticus, syn. C. incanus subsp.
are narrowly oval to oblong or lance- creticus, illus. p.154. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
summer above broadly oval to lance-shaped,
dissected, light green leaves. Z6–8 H8–5. shaped and deeply cut, with weakly spiny C. x cyprius, illus. p.150. Genus of one species of annual, grown for
C. racemosa, syn. Actaea racemosa margins. Z4–8 H8–1. C. x dansereaui, syn. C. x lusitanicus of its fragrant foliage and daisylike flower
(Kamchatka bugbane). Clump-forming gardens. Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. heads. Grow in sun and in reasonably
H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are narrowly
perennial. H 1–5ft (30–150cm), S 2ft (60cm). CISSUS fertile, very well-drained soil. Dead-head to
Spikes of bottlebrush-like, pure white flowers oblong and dark green. Saucer-shaped, prolong flowering. Propagate by seed
VITACEAE white flowers, each with a central, deep red sown outdoors in mid-spring.
are borne in mid-summer above broadly
oval, divided, fresh green leaves. Z3–8 H9–1. Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, blotch, are borne from early to mid- C. arabicus, illus. p.321.
var. cordifolia. See C. cordifolia. mainly tendril climbers, grown for their summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
foliage. Bears insignificant, greenish C. x hybridus, syn. C. x corbariensis, illus. Cladastris lutea. See Cladrastis
C. rubifolia. See C. cordifolia.
flowers, mainly in summer. Needs fertile, p.150. kentukea.
C. simplex, syn. Actaea simplex, illus.
p.220. ‘Elstead’ is an upright perennial. well-drained soil, and partial shade in C. incanus subsp. creticus. See C.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Purple stems bear summer. Water regularly, less in cold creticus. CLADRASTIS
arching racemes of fragrant, bottlebrush- weather. Needs tying to supports. Thin out C. ladanifer, syn. C. ladaniferus, illus.
like, white flowers in fall. Has broadly oval crowded stems in spring. Propagate by p.150.
semiripe cuttings in summer. C. ladaniferus. See C. ladanifer. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
to lance-shaped, divided, glossy leaves.
C. antarctica, illus. p.463. C. laurifolius. Evergreen, bushy, trees, grown for their pendent, wisteria-
Z4–8 H9–1. ‘Prichard’s Giant’ (Camphor
C. bainesii. See Cyphostemma bainesii. dense shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oval, like flower clusters and fall foliage.
tree), H 7ft (2.2m), has large, much-divided
C. discolor (Rex begonia vine). aromatic, dark green leaves and, in Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
leaves and produces white flowers on
Moderately vigorous, evergreen, tendril summer, saucer-shaped, white flowers, soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by root
arching panicles. Z4–8 H9–1.
climber with slender, woody stems. H to each with a central, yellow blotch. Z8–10 cuttings in late winter. The wood is
Cineraria cruentus of gardens. See 10ft (3m). Oval, pointed leaves, 4–6in H10–8. brittle: old trees are prone to damage
Pericallis x hybrida. (10–15cm) long, are deep green with C. x lenis ‘Graysword Pink’, syn. C. by strong winds.
540 Cineraria x hybridus. See Pericallis x silver bands above, maroon beneath. ‘Silver Pink’. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft C. kentukea, syn. Cladastris lutea, illus.
hybrida. Z11 H11–10. (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Oval, dark green leaves p.79.
CLEMATIS
Is similar to C. baumannii, but has straight, Group 2 across, with a satin sheen when young,
CLARKIA tubular flowers with green-tipped petals. Early- to mid-season, large-flowered with deep ridges on the reverse and
SYN. GODETIA Z13–15 H11–10. cultivars bearing mostly saucer-shaped, crumpled edges; the petal tips recurve and
ONAGRACEAE C. strausii, illus. p.479. single, semidouble or fully double flowers, twist as they age.
C. trollii. See Oreocereus trollii. 4–8in (10–20cm) across, that are borne on C. alpina. Alpina clematis (group 1).
Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers,
the previous season’s ripened shoots, in H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lantern-
which are good for cutting. Needs sun and
late spring and early summer, and on new shaped, single, blue flowers, 11/2–3in
reasonably fertile, well-drained soil. Avoid CLEMATIS shoots in mid- and late summer. Generally (4–7cm) long, in spring and, occasionally,
rich soil as this encourages vegetative RANUNCULACEAE the second flush of flowers on semidouble summer. Forms fluffy, silvery seed heads in
growth at the expense of flowers.
Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly and double forms produces single flowers. summer. Is ideal for a north-facing or very
Propagate by seed sown outdoors in
twining climbers and herbaceous Deciduous, pale to mid-green leaves are exposed site. Z4–9 H9–6. ‘Columbine’. See
spring, or in early fall in mild areas.
perennials, cultivated for their mass of usually 4–6in (10–15cm) long and divided C. ‘Columbine’. ‘Constance’. See C.
Botrytis may be troublesome.
flowers, often followed by decorative seed into 3 ovate or lance-shaped leaflets, or are ‘Constance’. ‘Frances Rivis’. See C.
C. amoena. Fast-growing annual with
heads, and grown on walls and trellises simple and ovate, and to 4in (10cm) long. ‘Frances Rivis’. ‘Frankie’. See C. ‘Frankie’.
upright, thin stems. H to 24in (60cm), S 12in
and together with trees, shrubs and other Prune before new growth starts, in early C. ‘Andromeda’, illus. p.198. Early, large-
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
host plants. Only early-flowering species spring. Remove any dead or damaged flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft
leaves. Spikes of 5-petaled, single or double
are evergreen, although some later- stems and cut back all remaining shoots (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Semidouble, white
flowers, in shades of lilac to pink, are
flowering species are semievergreen. Most to where strong buds are visible. These flowers, with bright pink stripes in the
produced in summer. Tall forms, H 24in
species have nodding, bell-shaped flowers, buds provide a framework of second-year center of each sepal, are produced in
(60cm), have double flowers in shades of
with 4 petals (botanically known as shoots which, in turn, produce sideshoots spring and again later in the year when
pink or red. H7–1. Grace Series
perianth segments), or flattish flowers, that flower in late spring and early summer. they are single.
(intermediate), H to 20in (50cm), has single,
lavender-pink, red, salmon-pink or pink
each usually with 4–6 generally pointed The flowers may then be removed. Young C. ANGELIQUE (‘Evipo017’). Compact,
petals. Large-flowered cultivars also bear shoots bear more flowers later in the mid- to late season clematis (group 2).
flowers with contrasting centers. Princess
flattish flowers, but with 4–10 petals. summer. H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces
Series (dwarf), H 12in (30cm), has frilled
Flower color may vary according to Group 3 an abundance of lilac-blue, brown-
flowers in shades of pink. Satin Series
climatic conditions: in general, the warmer Late, large-flowered cultivars anthered flowers, 4in (10cm) across, from
(dwarf), H to 8in (20cm), has single flowers
the climate, the darker the flower color. producing outward-facing, usually saucer- early summer to late fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
in various colors, many with white margins
or contrasting centers. ‘Sybil Sherwood’
May be grown in partial shade or full sun, shaped, single flowers, 3–6in (7–15cm) C. ANNA LOUISE (‘Evithree’), illus. p.200.
but prefers rich, well-drained soil with across, borne on new shoots in summer or Compact, early, large-flowered clematis
illus. p.305.
roots shaded. Propagate cultivars in early early fall. Leaves are deciduous and similar (group 2). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m).
C. ‘Brilliant’, illus. p.305.
summer by softwood or semiripe cuttings to those of early cultivars (group 2), Freely produces single flowers with violet
or layering, species from seed in fall. described above. petals with a red-purple central bar, and
CLAYTONIA Aphids, mildew and clematis wilt may Late-flowering species and small- striking brown anthers, in late spring to
PORTULACACEAE cause problems. flowered cultivars that bear small, single early summer, and again in late summer to
Clematis may be divided into groups or double flowers on the current season’s early fall. Z4–9 H9–1.
Genus of mainly evergreen perennials with
succulent leaves; is related to Lewisia.
according to their flowering seasons, habit shoots in summer–fall. Flowers vary in C. ARCTIC QUEEN (‘Evitwo’), illus. p.198.
and pruning needs. See also feature panel shape and may be star-shaped, tubular, Early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).
Grows best in alpine houses. Fully hardy.
pp.198–200. bell-shaped, flattish or resembling nodding H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). From early summer
Tolerates sun or shade and prefers well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division Group 1 lanterns; they vary in size from 1/2in (1cm) to early fall freely produces double, clear
in fall. May be difficult to grow. Early-flowering species prefers a to 4in (10cm) across. Have generally creamy-white flowers, 4–7in (10–18cm) C
C. megarhiza, syn. Calandrinia sheltered, sunny site with well-drained deciduous, pale to dark green or gray- across, with yellow anthers. Z7–9 H9–7.
megarhiza. Evergreen, basal-rosetted soil. Small, single flowers, either bell- green leaves divided into 3 lance-shaped to C. armandii (Evergreen clematis), illus.
perennial with a long taproot. H 1⁄2in (1cm), shaped or open-bell-shaped, 1/2–2in broadly oval leaflets, each 1/2in (1cm) long, p.198. Strong-growing, evergreen, early-
S 3in (8cm). Leaves are spoon-shaped and (2–5cm) long, or saucer-shaped, 11/4–2in or hairy and/or toothed leaves divided into flowering clematis (group 1). H 10–15ft
fleshy. Bears small heads of tiny, bowl- (4–5cm) across, are borne on the previous 5 or more lance-shaped to broadly oval (3–5m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Bears scented,
shaped, white flowers in spring. Prefers season’s ripened shoots in spring or, leaflets, each 1/2–4in (1–10cm) long. flattish, single, white flowers, 11/2in (4cm)
sun and gritty soil. Is prone to aphid attack. occasionally, in late winter. Leaves are Herbaceous species and cultivars across, in early spring. Needs a sheltered,
Z5–7 H7–5. var. nivalis illus. p.351. evergreen and glossy, or deciduous, and producing single flowers that are either south- or south-west-facing site. Z7–11
C. virginica (Spring beauty). Clump- usually divided into 3 lance-shaped, saucer-shaped, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) wide, or H9–7.
forming perennial with flat, black tubers. 5in (12cm) long leaflets or into 3 fernlike, bell-shaped or tubular, 1/2–11/2in (1–4cm) C. ‘Ascotiensis’. Vigorous, late, large-
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. 2in (5cm) long leaflets. long, and are produced on the current flowered clematis (group 3). H 10–12ft
Narrowly spoon-shaped leaves, reddish C. alpina, C. macropetala and their season’s shoots in summer. Mid- to dark (3–4m), S 3ft (1m). Single, bright violet-blue
when young, later turn green and glossy. cultivars tolerate cold, exposed positions. green or gray-green leaves are simple and flowers, 31/2–5in (9–12cm) across, with
Branched stems bear cup-shaped, white or Small, bell-shaped to open bell-shaped, lance-shaped to elliptic, 1–6in (2.5–15cm) pointed petals and brownish-green
pink flowers, striped deep pink, in early single, semidouble or double flowers, long, or are divided into 3–5 lance-shaped anthers, are produced in summer. Z4–11
spring. Needs shade. Z4–9 H6–1. 2in (5cm) across, are borne on the previous to ovate, serrated leaflets, each 4–6in H9–1.
season’s ripened shoots in spring, (10–15cm) long with a pointed tip. Prune C. AVANT-GARDE (‘Evipo033’), illus. p.200.
occasionally also on the current season’s all group 3 clematis before new growth Vigorous, mid-season clematis (group 3).
CLEISTOCACTUS shoots in summer. Deciduous, pale to begins, in early spring. Cut back all the H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces
SYN. BORZICACTUS previous season’s stems to a pair of strong
mid-green leaves are divided into 3–5 deep red flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, with
CACTACEAE lance-shaped to broadly oblong, toothed buds, 6–8in (15–20cm) above soil level. central pompoms of pink, petaloid stamens,
Genus of columnar, perennial cacti with leaflets, 11/4in (3cm) long. C. ‘Abundance’, syn. C. viticella, illus. from mid-summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
branched, cylindrical, much-ribbed stems C. montana and its cultivars are p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3). C. ‘Barbara Dibley’, illus. p.199. Early,
with spines. Is one of the faster-growing vigorous, deciduous climbers, suitable for H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
cacti, some reaching 6ft (2m) in 5 years or growing over large buildings and trees. flattish, deep purplish-red flowers, 2in (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring produces
less. Tubular flowers contain plenty of Small, flat to saucer-shaped, usually single (5cm) across, with cream anthers, in single, petunia-red flowers, to 9in (23cm)
nectar and are pollinated by flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, are borne on summer. Z4–11 H9–1. across, with carmine-red to red-purple
hummingbirds. Needs full sun and very the previous season’s ripened shoots in late C. ALABAST (‘Poulala’) (Alpine clematis). stripes along each sepal and red-purple
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or spring. Leaves are mid- to purplish-green Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group stamens.
stem cuttings in spring or summer. and divided into 3 lance-shaped to broadly 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces C. ‘Barbara Jackman’, illus. p.199. Early,
C. baumannii. Erect, then prostrate, oval, serrated leaflets, 3in (8cm) long with large, rounded, creamy-green flowers, large-flowered clematis (group 2). H to 10ft
perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 15ft pointed tips. 5–6in (12–15cm) across, with creamy-yellow (3m), S 3ft (1m). In early summer produces
(5m). Thick stems produce long, uneven, Prune all group 1 clematis after flowering anthers, in late spring and again from mid- single, bluish-mauve flowers, with crimson
variable-colored spines. Has S-shaped, to allow new growth to be produced and to late summer. stripes and creamy-white stamens,
tubular, bright orange-red flowers in ripened for the following season. Remove C. ‘Alionushka’, illus. p.199. Semi- followed in late summer by a further flush.
spring–summer. Z13–15 H12–10. dead or damaged stems and cut back other herbaceous, non-clinging clematis (group Grow in partial shade as flowers fade in full
C. celsianus. See Oreocereus celsianus. shoots that have outgrown their allotted 3). H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). In mid- sun. Z4–11 H9–1.
C. smaragdiflorus. Erect, then prostrate, space. This will encourage new growth to summer to early fall produces single, rich C. ‘Bees Jubilee’. Compact, early, large- 541
perennial cactus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20ft (6m). bear flowers in the following season. mauvish-pink flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),
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CLEMATIS
S 3ft (1m). In early summer bears a at the base. ‘Joe’ (illus. p.198), H to 6ft (2m), mauve-pink flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, (group 1). H 30–40ft (10–12m), S 6–10ft
profusion of single, deep pink flowers, has 3-parted, toothed leaves; procumbent with yellow anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. (2–3m). Has scented, single, soft pink
4–5in (10–12cm) across, with brown anthers stems can be trained upward. C. CONFETTI (‘Evipo036’). Vigorous, flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, with
and a central, rose-madder stripe on each C. CASSIS (‘Evipo020’). Vigorous, late, small-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft widely spaced petals, in late spring.
petal. Prefers partial shade. Z4–11 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H and (3m), S 3ft (1m). Nodding, open bell-shaped, Z6–9 H9–6.
C. ‘Bella’, illus. p.198. Early, large- S 6–10ft (2–3m). Freely produces rosetted, pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are C. ‘Elsa Spath’. Early, large-flowered
flowered clematis (group 2). H to 3m (10ft), fully double, plum-red flowers, 3in (8cm) produced freely from mid-summer to fall. clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft
S 1m (3ft). Single, white flowers, with white across, from early summer to early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. (1m). Bears masses of single, rich mauve-
anthers and purple-red filaments, are Z5–9 H9–5. C. ‘Constance’, syn. C. alpina ‘Constance’ blue flowers, 5in (12cm) wide, with
produced in spring and again in late C. CEZANNE (‘Evipo023’). Compact, (Atragene Group) (Atragene Group). overlapping petals and red anthers,
summer. Z6–11 H9–6. large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 3–4ft Deciduous, early-flowering clematis (group throughout summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
C. ‘Betty Corning’, illus. p.200. Late, (90cm–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces 1). H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3ft (1m). Nodding, C. ‘Ernest Markham’, illus. p.200.
small-flowered clematis (group 3). H to 13ft sky-blue flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with bell-shaped, semidouble, rich purple-pink Vigorous, late, large-flowered clematis
(4m), S 3ft (1m). Slightly scented, bell- broad overlapping sepals and yellow or reddish-pink flowers, 1–21/2in (2.5–6cm) (group 3). H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 3ft (1m). In
shaped, lilac to pinkish-mauve flowers, anthers, from early summer to late fall. across, with purple or creamy-white summer bears single, vivid magenta
11/2– 21/2in (4–6cm) across, are borne from Z5–9 H9–5. staminodes, are produced from early to flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with blunt-tipped
early summer to early fall. Z4–11 H9–1. C. CHANTILLY (‘Evipo021’), illus. p.199. mid-spring and occasionally again in petals and chocolate anthers. Thrives in full
C. ‘Bill MacKenzie’. Vigorous, late- Compact, early, large-flowered clematis summer. Z4–9 H9–6. sun. Z4–11 H9–1.
flowering clematis (group 3). H 22ft (7m), (group 2). H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 3ft (1m). C. ‘Corona’, illus. p.199. Moderately C. ‘Etoile Violette’, syn. C. viticella ‘Etoile
S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has dark green leaves. Freely produces single, occasionally vigorous, early, large-flowered clematis Violette’, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late-
From mid-summer to late fall produces semidouble, pale pink flowers, to 4in (group 2). H to 111/2ft (3.5m), S 3ft (1m). flowering clematis (group 3). H 10–15ft
open bell-shaped, yellow flowers, 21/2–3in (10cm) across, the sepals with a Bears numerous single, rich velvety- (3–5m), S 5ft (1.5m). Produces masses of
(6–7cm) across. Is best pruned with shears. pronounced, deeper pink central bar, from crimson flowers, 6in (15cm) across, with flattish, single, violet-purple flowers,
Z6–11 H9–6. early summer to late fall. Z5–9 H9–5. red and white stamens, in late spring and 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) wide, with yellow
C. ‘Black Prince’, illus. p.200. Late, small- C. ‘Charissima’, illus. p.199. Free- early summer, followed in late summer by anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
flowered clematis (group 3). H to 13ft (4m), flowering, early, large-flowered clematis a further flush of slightly smaller, paler C. ‘Evifour’. See C. ROYAL VELVET.
S 3ft (1m). In mid-summer produces bell- (group 2). H 8–10ft (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). In flowers. Z4–11 H9–1. C. Evijohill. See C. ‘JOSEPHINE’.
shaped, semi-nodding, very dark blackish- late spring to early summer produces C. CRYSTAL FOUNTAIN (‘Evipo038’). C. ‘Evione’. See C. SUGAR CANDY.
claret-red flowers, to 31/2in (9cm) across, single flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) across, with Compact, large-flowered clematis (group C. ‘Evipo001’. See C. WISLEY.
with maroon stamens. pointed, cerise-pink petals, a deeper pink 2). H 4–6ft (1.5–2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces C. ‘Evipo002’. See C. ROSEMOOR.
C. BLUE MOON (‘Evirin’), illus. p.199. bar and veins throughout the flower, and an abundance of double, deep lilac-blue C. ‘Evipo003’. See C. ICE BLUE.
Compact, free-flowering, early, large- dark maroon anthers. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, with a central C. ‘Evipo004’. See C. HARLOW CARR.
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8–10ft C. CHINOOK (‘Evipo013’). Scandent, non- boss of narrow staminodes, from late C. ‘Evipo005’. See C. PEPPERMINT.
(2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring to early clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), S 2ft spring to early summer and again in early C. ‘Evipo006. See C. VIENETTA.
summer bears single, white flowers, 6–7in (60cm). Produces numerous, nodding, mid- fall. Z5–9 H9–5. C. ‘Evipo007’. See C. VICTOR HUGO.
(15–18cm) across, suffused with pale lilac violet-blue flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with C. ‘Daniel Deronda’. Vigorous, C. ‘Evipo008’. See C. FRANZISKA MARIA.
becoming darker at the wavy petal edges. twisted sepals, each with a prominent, early, large-flowered clematis (group 2). C. ‘Evipo009’. See C. HYDE HALL.
In late summer to early fall, flowers are central boss of yellow stamens, from mid- H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has double and C. ‘Evipo012’. See C. PARISIENNE.
slightly smaller and darker. Z7–9 H9–7. summer to early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. semidouble, deep purple- blue flowers, C. ‘Evipo013’. See C. CHINOOK.
C C. BONANZA (‘Evipo031’). Vigorous, mid- C. cirrhosa, syn. C. calycina, illus. p.199. 4–51/2in (10–14cm) across, with cream C. ‘Evipo014’. See C. GAZELLE.
season clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft Evergreen, early-flowering clematis (group anthers, then single flowers in late summer. C. ‘Evipo015’. See C. SAVANNAH.
(1m). Freely produces blue-purple flowers, 1). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Produces Z7–9 H9–7. C. ‘Evipo017’. See C. AVANT-GARDE.
to 3in (7cm) across, with pale yellow bell-shaped, cream flowers, 11/4in (3cm) C. ‘Doctor Ruppel’. Early, large-flowered C. ‘Evipo018’. See C. BOURBON.
anthers, from mid-summer to fall. Z5–9 across and spotted red inside, in late winter clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). C. ‘Evipo019’. See C. MEDLEY.
H9–5. and early spring during frost-free weather. Single flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, C. ‘Evipo020’. See C. CASSIS.
C. BOURBON (‘Evipo018’), illus. p.200. Z7–11 H9–7. var. balearica has fragrant, with deep rose-pink petals with darker C. ‘Evipo021’. See C. CHANTILLY.
Compact, mid-season clematis (group 2). pale cream flowers, speckled reddish- central bands and light chocolate anthers, C. ‘Evipo023’. See C. CEZANNE.
H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 3ft (1m). Produces an brown. Z7–11 H10–7. var. purpurascens are freely produced throughout summer. C. ‘Evipo031’. See C. BONANZA.
abundance of vibrant, yellow-centered, red ‘Freckles’ (illus. p.200) has creamy-pink Z4–11 H8–1. C. ‘Evipo032’. See C. GALORE.
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, from early to flowers, H 2–3in (5–8cm) across, heavily C. ‘Duchess of Albany’. Vigorous, C. ‘Evipo033’. See C. ANGELIQUE.
mid-summer. Z5–9 H9–5. speckled red within. small-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft C. ‘Evipo036’. See C. CONFETTI.
C. ‘Broughton Star’, syn. C. montana C. CLAIR DE LUNE (‘Evirin’). Vigorous, (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer and early fall C. ‘Evipo038’. See C. CRYSTAL FOUNTAIN.
‘Broughton Star’. Vigorous Montana large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8–10ft has masses of small, tulip-like, single, soft C. ‘Evirida’. See C. FLORIDA PISTACHIO.
clematis (group 1). H 12–15ft (4–5m), (2.5–3m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Produces an pink flowers, 21/2in (6cm) long, with brown C. ‘Evirin’. See C. CLAIR DE LUNE.
S 6–13ft (2–4m). Bears semidouble to fully abundance of large, blue-purple flowers, to anthers and a deeper pink stripe inside C. ‘Evirin’. See C. BLUE MOON.
double, cup-shaped, dusty pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with paler central bands each petal. Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Evisix’. See C. PETIT FAUCON.
with slightly darker veins, from spring to on the sepals and dark anthers, from late C. ‘Duchess of Edinburgh’. Early, large- C. ‘Evithree’. See C. ANNA LOUISE.
early summer. spring to early summer and again from late flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft C. ‘Evitwo’. See C. ARCTIC QUEEN.
C. calycina. See C. cirrhosa. summer to early fall. (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer produces C. fasciculiflora, illus. p.198. Evergreen,
C. ‘Carnaby’. Compact, early, large- C. ‘Columbine’, syn. C. alpina double, white flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) early-flowering species (group 1). H and
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), ‘Columbine’ (Atragene Group) (Atragene across, with yellow anthers and green, S 20ft (6m) or more. Dark green leaves have
S 3ft (1m). In early summer has a profusion Group). Deciduous, early-flowering outer petals. May be weak-growing. Z4–11 silver midribs. From late winter to mid-
of single, deep pink flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) clematis (group 1). H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3ft H9–1. spring produces solitary or clustered,
across, with a darker stripe on each petal (1m). In early and mid-spring produces C. x durandii. Semi-herbaceous, late- fragrant, bell-shaped, nodding, creamy-
and red anthers. Prefers partial shade. nodding, bell-shaped, soft lavender-blue flowering clematis (group 3). H 3–6ft (1–2m), white to yellowish-white flowers, 1/2–3/4in
Z4–11 H9–5. flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with S 11/2–5ft (45cm–1.5m). In summer has (1.5–2cm) across. Needs a warm, sunny
C. x cartmanii (C. marmorata x C. creamy-white or green staminodes; flattish, single, deep blue flowers, 21/2–3in position. Z7–9 H9–6.
paniculata). Evergreen, clump-forming, sometimes blooms again in summer. (6–8cm) across, with 4 petals and yellow C. ‘Fireworks’, illus. p.199. Early, large-
bushy shrub (group 1) with some C. ‘Columella’ (Atragene Group), illus. anthers. Leaves are elliptic. Z5–11 H9–5. flowered clematis (group 2). H 13ft (4m),
procumbent stems. H 8–10in (20–25cm), p.200. Deciduous, early-flowering clematis C. ‘Early Sensation’ (Forsteri Group), S 3ft (1m). In late spring and early summer
S 20in (50cm). Has dissected, leathery, (group 1). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). From mid- illus. p.198. Evergreen, late-flowering produces single, blue-mauve flowers, 4–6in
shiny, dark green leaves varying in shape. to late spring produces strongly scented, clematis (group 1). H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). (10–15cm) across, with wine-red and white
Leafy panicles of shallowly cup-shaped, pendent, broadly bell-shaped, purplish- Dark green leaves are bronzed when stamens and a central, bright cerise-purple
pure white flowers, 3/4–11/2in (2–4cm) violet to deep rosy-pink flowers, to 23/4in young. From early to mid-spring bears stripe on each sepal. Late summer flowers
across, with white anthers, are freely (6.5cm) across, with yellow staminodes. scented, bell- to cup-shaped, white flowers, are slightly smaller.
produced in early spring. Z7–9 H9–6. C. ‘Comtesse de Bouchaud’. Strong- 2–3in (5–7.5cm) across, with yellow anthers C. flammula, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late-
‘Avalanche’ (illus. p.198), H and S 10–16ft growing, late, large-flowered clematis often tinged purple. flowering clematis; may be semievergreen
542 (3–5m), has roughly ovate, deeply toothed (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In C. ‘Elizabeth’, syn. C. montana (group 3). H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 6ft (2m).
leaves and white flowers flushed pale green summer has masses of single, bright ‘Elizabeth’. Vigorous Montana clematis Produces masses of almond-scented,
CLEMATIS
flattish, single, white flowers, 3/4in (2cm) smaller and creamy white in late summer. illus. p.199. Deciduous, early-flowering H 8–11ft (2.5–3.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has flattish,
across, in summer and early fall. Z4–11 Fades in full sun. Z5–9 H9–5. clematis (group 1). H to 13ft (4m), S 3ft (1m). single, wine-red flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm)
H9–7. C. ‘Hagley Hybrid’. Vigorous, late, large- In spring produces pendent, bell-shaped, wide, with twisted petals, in summer. Z4–11
C. florida. ‘Bicolor’. See C. florida var. flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft (2.5m), purple-mauve flowers, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) H9–1.
sieboldiana. PISTACHIO (‘Evirida’), illus. S 3ft (1m). Produces single, rose-mauve across, with purple, outer stamens and C. ‘Madame Le Coultre’. See C. ‘Marie
p.199. is a vigorous, small-flowered flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with red shorter, white, inner staminodes. Z4–9 Boisselot’.
clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). anthers, in summer. Prefers partial shade. H9–3. C. ‘Marie Boisselot’, syn. C. ‘Madame Le
From early summer to late fall produces an Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘John Huxtable’. Late, large-flowered Coultre’. Vigorous, early, large-flowered
abundance of rounded, creamy-white C. HARLOW CARR (‘Evipo004’). Scandent, clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m).
flowers, 21⁄2–31⁄2in (6–9cm) across, each with herbaceous clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft (1m). Bears masses of single, white flowers, Bears single, white flowers, 5in (12cm)
a central cluster of pinkish-gray anthers (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). From early to late 3in (8cm) wide, with cream anthers, in mid- across, with overlapping petals and cream
and green styles. Z7–11 H10–6. var. summer produces semi-pendent, dark summer. Z7–9 H9–1. anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1.
sieboldiana, syn. C. florida ‘Bicolor’, violet-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, C. JOSEPHINE (‘Evijohill’). Early, large- C. MEDLEY (‘Evipo019’). Scandent, non-
C. florida ‘Sieboldii’, illus. p.199. H 6–10ft each with 4 twisted petals, dark brown flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m),
(2–3m), is weaker growing and produces anthers and white filaments. Z5–9 H9–5. S 3ft (1m). From early summer to early fall S 2ft (60cm). From mid-summer to fall
creamy-white flowers each with a domed C. ‘Henryi’, illus. p.199. Vigorous, early, bears double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, produces slightly scented, nodding, light
boss of petal-like, rich purple stamens; large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 10ft with almost bronze, green-tinged petals pink flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with
needs a sheltered site. Z7–11 H10–6. (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has single, white flowers, with a darker central bar; the petals twisted sepals that open to reveal a boss of
‘Sieboldii’. See C. florida var. sieboldiana. 5in (12cm) wide, with dark chocolate become lilac in mid-summer, with a pink yellow stamens in the center. Z5–9 H9–5.
C. ‘Frances Rivis’, syn. C. alpina ‘Frances anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. bar. Colors best in sun. Z4–9 H9–1. C. ‘Miss Bateman’. Compact, early,
Rivis’ (Atragene Group), illus. p.200. C. heracleifolia var. davidiana. See C. C. x jouiniana (Spider flower). Sprawling, large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
Deciduous, early-flowering clematis (group tubulosa. subshrubby, late-flowering clematis (group (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Masses of single, white
1). H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 3ft (1m). In early and C. heracleifolia of gardens. See C. 3). H 3ft (1m), S 10ft (3m). Has coarse flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, with red
mid-spring produces an abundance of tubulosa. foliage and, in summer, masses of tubular, anthers, are produced in summer. Is good
nodding, bell-shaped, deep blue flowers, C. ‘H.F. Young’. Compact, early, large- single, soft lavender or off-white flowers, for a container or patio garden. Z4–11
2–3in (5–8cm) across, with white flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), 3
/4in (2cm) wide, with reflexed petal tips. Is H9–1.
staminodes. Z4–9 H9–6. S 3ft (1m). Bears single, violet-tinged, blue non-clinging. H3–8 H8–1. ‘Praecox’. See C. montana (Anemone clematis), illus.
C. ‘Frankie’, syn. C. alpina ‘Frankie’ flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with cream C. ‘Praecox’. p.198. Vigorous, Montana clematis (group
(Atragene Group), illus. p.200. Deciduous, anthers, in summer. Is ideal for a container C. ‘Kakio’, syn. C. PINK CHAMPAGNE, illus. 1). H 22–40ft (7–12m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). In
early-flowering clematis (group 1). H 7–12ft or patio garden. Z4–11 H9–1. p.199. Early, large-flowered clematis (group late spring bears masses of single, white
(2.2–4m), S 3ft (1m). In early and mid-spring C. ‘Huldine’, illus. p.199. Very vigorous, 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring and flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with
produces nodding, bell-shaped, mid-blue to late, large-flowered clematis (group 3). early summer produces single, vivid yellow anthers. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Broughton
deep mauve-blue flowers, 1–21/2in (2.5–6cm) H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 6ft (2m). In summer has purple-red to deep pink flowers, with Star’. See C. ‘Broughton Star’.‘Elizabeth’.
across, with blue-tipped, creamy-white single, white flowers, 21/2in (6cm) wide, central, white stripes on each petal. Z4–11 See C. ‘Elizabeth’. var. rubens, illus.
staminodes. mauve beneath and with cream anthers. H9–1. p.199. var. rubens ‘Tetrarose’ (illus.
C. FRANZISKA MARIA (‘Evipo008’). Is ideal for an archway or pergola. Z4–11 C. ‘Kardynal Wyszyñski’, illus. p.200. p.199), H 22–25ft (7–8m), has coarse leaflets,
Compact, early, large-flowered clematis H9–1. Early, large-flowered clematis (group 2). 3in (8cm) long, and deep satin pink flowers,
(group 2). H 5–10ft (1.5–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). C. HYDE HALL (‘Evipo009’). Vigorous, H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, 21⁄2-–3in (6–7cm) across.
Produces masses of fully double, deep large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–8ft bright crimson flowers, with pale violet C. ‘Mrs. Cholmondeley’. Early, large-
blue-purple flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Flowers prolifically filaments and dark brown anthers, from flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft C
across, with yellow anthers, from early from early to mid-summer producing early to late summer. (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has single,
summer to early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. single, creamy-white flowers, 5–7in C. ‘Kathleen Wheeler’. Early, large- light bluish-lavender flowers, 4–5in
C. GALORE (‘Evipo032’). Vigorous, mid- (12–18cm) across, sometimes tinged pink flowered clematis (group 2). H 8–10ft (10–12cm) across, with widely spaced
season, small-flowered clematis (group 3). or green, with chocolate-brown anthers. (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). Has single, plum- petals and light chocolate anthers.
H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). From mid-summer Z5–9 H9–5. mauve flowers, 5–51/2in (12–14cm) across Z4–9 H9–1.
to fall has numerous, deep purple flowers, C. ICE BLUE (‘Evipo003’). Early, large- with yellow anthers, in early summer. C. ‘Mrs. George Jackman’. Early,
to 3in (7cm) across, with yellow anthers. flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–8ft Z4–9 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 2).
Z5–9 H9–5. (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In late spring and early C. ‘Lasurstern’. Vigorous, early, large- H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Bears
C. GAZELLE (‘Evipo014’). Scandent, summer produces an abundance of single, flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft semidouble, creamy-white flowers,
non-clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), ice-blue flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) across, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer bears single, 4in (10cm) wide, with light brown
S 2ft (60cm). Produces numerous slightly repeat-flowering during late summer and blue flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) across, with anthers, in early summer. Z4–9 H9–1.
scented, nodding, white flowers, to 21/2in early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. overlapping, wavy-edged petals and cream C. ‘Mrs. N. Thompson’. Compact,
(6cm) across, with twisted sepals and C. integrifolia. Herbaceous clematis anthers. Z4–9 H9–1. early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).
yellow stamens, from mid-summer to early (group 3). H and S 30in (75cm). Leaves are C. ‘Lincoln Star’, illus. p.199. Early, H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer
fall. Z5–9 H9–5. narrowly lance-shaped. In summer bears large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft produces masses of single, magenta
C. ‘Général Sikorski’. Early, large- bell-shaped, single, deep blue flowers, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Has single, raspberry- flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with a
flowered clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), 11/4in (3cm) long, with cream anthers, pink flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) wide, with central, slightly darker stripe on each
S 3ft (1m). Has numerous single, blue followed by gray-brown seed heads. Z4–11 red anthers, in early summer. Early flowers bluish-purple-edged petal and red
flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with large, H7–1. are darker than late ones, which have very anthers. Is good for a container or
overlapping petals and cream anthers, in C. ‘Jackmanii’, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late, pale pink petal edges. Prefers partial shade. patio garden. Z4–11 H9–1.
summer. Z4–11 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Nelly Moser’, illus. p.199. Early,
C. ‘Gipsy Queen’. Vigorous, late, large- (3m), S 3ft (1m). Bears masses of velvety, C. macropetala (Downy clematis). large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 11ft
flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), single, dark purple flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) Macropetala clematis (group 1). H 10ft (3m), (3.5m), S 3ft (1m). In early summer has
S 3ft (1m). Bears single, velvety, violet- across, fading to violet, with light brown S 5ft (1.5m). In late spring and summer single, rose-mauve flowers, 5–61/2in
purple flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with red anthers, in mid-summer. Z4–11 H9–1. has masses of semidouble, mauve-blue (12–16cm) wide, with reddish-purple
anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. C. ‘Jackmanii Superba’. Vigorous, late, flowers, 2in (5cm) long, lightening in color anthers and, on each petal, a carmine
C. ‘Gravetye Beauty’, illus. p.200. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft toward the center, then fluffy, silvery seed stripe that fades in strong sun. Prefers a
Vigorous, small-flowered clematis (group (3m), S 3ft (1m). Is similar to C. ‘Jackmanii’, heads. Z4–9 H9–3. ‘Markham’s Pink’ has shaded, east-, west- or north-facing site.
3). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer and but has more rounded, darker flowers. pink flowers. Z4–11 H9–1.
early fall has masses of small, tulip-like, Z4–9 H9–1. C. ‘Madame Edouard André’. Late, C. ‘Niobe’. Early, large-flowered clematis
single, bright red flowers, 21/2in (6cm) long, C. ‘Jacqueline du Pré’ (Atragene large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft (group 2). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m).
with brown anthers. Is similar to C. Group), illus. p.199. Deciduous, early- (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Freely produces single, Throughout summer produces masses of
‘Duchess of Albany’, but flowers are more flowering clematis (group 1). H 8–13ft deep red flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, single, rich deep red flowers, 4–51/2in
open. Z4–11 H9–5. (2.5–4m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has nodding, bell- with silver undersides, pointed petals and (10–14cm) across, with yellow anthers.
C. ‘Guernsey Cream’, illus. p.198. Early, shaped, rosy-mauve flowers, 2–21 ⁄ 2 in yellow anthers, in mid-summer. Z4–11 Z4–11 H9–1.
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (5–6cm) across, with silvery-pink petal H9–1. C. orientalis. Late-flowering clematis
(2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Bears single flowers, 5in margins and pink-flushed, white C. ‘Madame Julia Correvon’, syn. (group 3). H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 5ft (1.5m).
(12cm) across, with creamy yellow petals staminodes, in spring. C. viticella ‘Madame Julia Correvon’, illus. Leaves are gray- to dark green. In summer, 543
and anthers, in early summer. Flowers are C. ‘Jan Lindmark’ (Atragene Group), p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3). lantern-shaped, single, greenish-yellow
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CLEMATIS
flowers, 11/4in (3cm) wide, with recurved bears single, sapphire-blue flowers, 4–5in clematis (group 3). H 15–20ft (5–6m), C. ‘White Columbine’ (Atragene Group),
petal tips, are followed by feathery seed (10–13cm) across, with splayed, creamy- S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has lantern-shaped, single, illus. p.198. Deciduous, early-flowering
heads. Z6–9 H9–6. yellow anthers. Color deepens with age. yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) long, clematis (group 1). H and S 6–10ft (2–3m).
C. PARISIENNE (‘Evipo012’). Compact, Z4–9 H9–1. throughout summer and early fall; these In spring produces purple-tinted buds
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 3–4ft C. ‘Richard Pennell’. Early, large- are followed by fluffy, silvery seed heads. that open into nodding, bell-shaped,
(90–120cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces an flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft Z5–11 H9–6. single, creamy-white flowers, 11/2–2in
abundance of single, pale violet flowers, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, rich C. ‘The President’. Early, large-flowered (4–5cm) across, maturing to pure white,
3–4in (7–10cm) across, with wavy-edged purple-blue flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) wide, clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft with petal-like, greenish-white staminodes.
sepals and red anthers, from early summer with golden-yellow anthers, in summer. (1m). In early summer bears masses of C. ‘William Kennett’. Early, large-
to late fall. Z5–9 H9–5. Z4–11 H9–1. single, rich purple flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft
C. PEPPERMINT (‘Evipo005’). Vigorous, C. ROSEMOOR (‘Evipo002’), illus. p.200. silver beneath, with red anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has masses
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group C. tubulosa, syn. C. heracleifolia var. of single, lavender-blue flowers, 4–5in
(2–3m), S 3ft (1m). From early summer to 2). H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). From early davidiana, C. heracleifolia. Herbaceous (10–12cm) across, with red anthers and
late fall has numerous rosetted, creamy- summer to fall, single, deep red flowers, clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft tough petals, each bearing a central, darker
white flowers, 3–4in (7–10cm) across, with 5–6in (12–15cm) across, with yellow (75cm). In summer, thick stems bear stripe that fades as the flower matures.
6 large, outer sepals, which drop as the anthers, are produced in abundance. axillary clusters of scented, tubular, single, Z4–11 H9–1.
tight, inner rosette of smaller sepals Z5–9 H9–5. pale blue flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, C. WISLEY (‘Evipo001’). Strong-growing,
expand. The late season’s flowers are C. ‘Rosy O’Grady’ (Atragene Group), with reflexed petal tips. Z4–8 H8–3. large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8–10ft
greenish-white. Z5–9 H9–5. illus. p.200. Deciduous, early-flowering ‘Wyevale’ has strongly scented, dark blue (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). From mid-summer
C. ‘Perle d’Azur’, illus. p.200. Late, clematis (group 1). H 10–13ft (3–4m), S 3ft flowers. to early fall produces numerous, slightly
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (1m). Open bell-shaped, semidouble, deep C. VICTOR HUGO (‘Evipo007’). Vigorous, nodding, violet-blue flowers, 4–5in
(3m), S 3ft (1m). Single, azure-blue flowers, pink to mauve-pink flowers, 21/2–5in scandent, non-clinging clematis (group 3). (10–12cm) across, with yellow anthers.
3in (8cm) across, with recurved petal tips (6–12cm) across, with creamy-white H 8–10ft (2.5–3m), S 3ft (1m). Produces an Z5–9 H9–5.
and creamy-green anthers, are borne in staminodes, are produced from late spring abundance of red-violet flowers, 3in (8cm)
summer. Z4–11 H9–1. to early summer and again in fall. Z4–9 across, with dark, violet-tipped stamens,
CLEOME
C. PETIT FAUCON (‘Evisix’). Vigorous, H9–3. from early summer to fall. Z5–9 H9–5.
Spider flower
scandent, non-clinging clematis (group 3). C. ‘Rouge Cardinal’. Early, large- C. VIENNETTA (‘Evipo006’), illus. p.199.
H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). From flowered clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group CAPPARACEAE/CLEOMACEAE
summer to early fall produces nodding to (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). In summer has single, 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). From early Genus of annuals and a few evergreen
semi-pendent, broadly bell-shaped, deep velvety, crimson flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) summer to fall produces passion-flower- shrubs, grown for their unusual, spidery
blue-violet flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) across, across, with red anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. like, creamy-white flowers, with purple, flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
with violet filaments and orange-yellow C. ROYAL VELVET (‘Evifour’). Early, modified stamens and a dark center. In fall, soil. Remove dead flowers. Propagate by
anthers. Z4–9 H9–1. large-flowered clematis (group 2). the outer petals develop a greenish hue. seed sown outdoors in late spring. Aphids
C. PINK CHAMPAGNE. See C. ‘Kakio’. H 6–8ft (2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In early and Z5–9 H9–5. may be a problem.
C. ‘Polish Spirit’, illus. p.200. Strong- mid-summer bears single, bluish, rich C. ‘Ville de Lyon’. Late, large-flowered C. hassleriana, syn. C. spinosa. Fast-
growing, late, large-flowered clematis velvet-purple flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) clematis (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft growing, bushy annual. H to 4ft (1.2m),
(group 3). H to 13ft (4m), S 3ft (1m). Single, wide, with darker central bands on petals, (1m). In mid-summer has single, bright S 11/2ft (45cm). Has hairy, spiny stems and
velvety, deep purple flowers, with dark and red anthers. Z4–9 H9–1. carmine-red flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) across, mid-green leaves divided into lance-shaped
purple-red and greenish-white stamens, C. SAVANNAH (‘Evipo015’). Scandent, with darker petal edges and yellow anthers. leaflets. Large, rounded heads of narrow-
C are produced from early summer to early non-clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (1m), Lower foliage tends to become scorched by petaled, pink-flushed, white flowers, with
fall. Z4–11 H9–5. S 2ft (60cm). From mid-summer to fall late summer. Z4–11 H9–1. long, protruding stamens, are produced in
C. ‘Praecox’, syn. C. x jouiniana ‘Praecox’. produces nodding, single, dark pink C. VINO (‘Poulvo’) illus. p.200. (Italian summer. Z11 H11–1. ‘Colour Fountain’
Sprawling, subshrubby, non-clinging, flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with twisted clematis), Vigorous, early, large-flowered illus. p.304. ‘Rose Queen’ (Cashmere
late-flowering clematis (group 3). H 3ft sepals that open to reveal clusters of yellow clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). bouquet) has rose-pink flowers.
(1m), S 10ft (3m). Has coarse foliage and, stamens in the center. Z5–9 H9–5. Produces numerous, single, deep petunia- C. spinosa of gardens. See C. hassleriana.
in summer, masses of tubular, single, soft C. ‘Silver Moon’, illus. p.200. Early, red flowers, 4–7in (10–18cm) across, with
lavender or off-white flowers, 3/4in (2cm) large-flowered clematis (group 2). H to white to cream filaments and yellow
wide, with reflexed petal tips. 13ft (4m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, anthers, in late spring and again in late
CLERODENDRUM
Glorybower
C. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’, syn. silvery-mauve flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) summer and early fall. Z4–11 H9–1.
C. viticella ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’, illus. across, from late spring to early fall. C. viticella. Late-flowering clematis VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE
p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3). Z4–11 H9–1. (group 3). H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Genus of evergreen or deciduous, small
H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Bears abundant, C. ‘Souvenir du Capitaine Thuilleaux’. Produces nodding, open bell-shaped, trees, shrubs, subshrubs and woody-
double, purplish-mauve flowers, 11/2in Compact, early, large-flowered clematis single, purple-mauve flowers, 11/2in stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
(3.5cm) long, occasionally with green outer (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). In early (3.5cm) long, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. their showy flowers. Needs rich, well-
petals, and no anthers, from mid-summer summer bears single, deep pink-striped, See C. ‘Abundance’. ‘Etoile Violette’. drained soil and full sun, with partial shade
to late fall. Z4–11 H9–1. cream-pink flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, See C. ‘Etoile Violette’. ‘Madame Julia in summer. Water freely in growing season,
C. ‘Ramona’. Early, large-flowered with red anthers. Is ideal for a container or Correvon’. See C. ‘Madame Julia less at other times. Stems require support.
clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). patio garden. Z4–9 H9–1. Correvon’. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’. Thin out crowded growth in spring.
Has coarse, dark green leaves offset, in C. ‘Star of India’. Vigorous, late, large- See C. ‘Purpurea Plena Elegans’. Propagate by seed in spring, by softwood
summer, by single, pale blue flowers, 4–5in flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), C. ‘Vyvyan Pennell’. Early, large- cuttings in late spring or by semiripe
(10–12cm) across, with red anthers. Prefers S 3ft (1m). Bears masses of single, deep flowered clematis (group 2). H 6–10ft cuttings in summer. Whitefly, red spider
a south-or south-west-facing position. purple-blue flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, (2–3m), S 3ft (1m). Has double, lilac mite and mealy bug may be a problem.
Z4–11 H9–1. with light brown anthers, in mid-summer; flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) wide, with a C. bungei, illus. p.141.
C. recta. Clump-forming, herbaceous each petal has a deep carmine-red stripe. central, lavender-blue rosette of petals C. chinense var. chinense, syn.
clematis (group 3). H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 20in Z4–11 H9–1. and golden-yellow anthers, in early C. chinense ‘Pleniflorum’, C. fragrans
(50cm). Leaves are dark or gray-green. C. SUGAR CANDY (‘Evione’) (Golden summer, then single, blue-mauve ‘Pleniflorum’, C. philippinum. Evergreen
Bears masses of sweetly scented, flattish, clematis). Vigorous, early, large-flowered flowers. Z4–11 H9–1. or deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S to 8ft
single, white flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, in clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). C. ‘W.E. Gladstone’. Vigorous, early, (2.5m). Leaves are broadly oval, coarsely
mid-summer. Z4–11 H7–1. Has masses of pinkish-mauve to light large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 10–12ft and shallowly toothed and downy.
C. rehderiana, illus. p.200. Vigorous, purple flowers, 4–6in (10–18cm) across, (3–4m), S 3ft (1m). Produces single, Fragrant, double, pink or white flowers are
late-flowering clematis (group 3). H 20–22ft with darker, central bars on the petals and lavender flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with red borne in domed, terminal clusters in
(6–7m), S 6–10ft (2–3m). Bears loose clusters yellow anthers. Z5–9 H9–5. anthers, in summer. Z4–11 H9–1. summer. Z11 H11–1.
of fragrant, tubular, single, yellow flowers, C. ‘Sunrise’, illus. p.199. Vigorous, C. ‘Westerplatte’, illus. p.200. Early, C. fallax. See C. speciosissimum.
1
/2–3/4in (1–2cm) long, in late summer and Montana clematis (group 1). H and large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft C. fragrans ‘Pleniflorum’. See
early fall. Leaves are coarse-textured. Z6–9 S 25–30ft (8–10m). Leaves are reddish- (2.5m), S 3ft (1m). From late spring to early C. chinense var. chinense.
H9–6. purple when young. Slightly scented, summer, and again from late summer to C. philippinum. See C. chinense var.
C. ‘Rhapsody’. Compact, early, large- semidouble or double, deep pink flowers, early fall, produces single, dark velvet-red chinense.
544 flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), 2in (5cm) across, are borne in spring. flowers, with white filaments and deep red C. speciosissimum, syn. C. fallax.
S 3ft (1m). From early summer to early fall C. tangutica. Vigorous, late-flowering anthers. Z4–11 H9–1. Evergreen, erect to spreading, sparingly
COLCHICUM
branched shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Bears give a bushier habit and cut out any dead scramble through other, larger plants.
broadly heart-shaped, wavy-edged leaves, wood. Propagate by seed in spring or by CLUSIA Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
to 1ft (30cm) across, on long stalks and, stem cuttings in late summer. CLUSIACEAE C. clematidea. Herbaceous, twining
from late spring to fall, tubular, scarlet C. puniceus, illus. p.193. f. albus, illus. climber. H to 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oval,
Genus of evergreen, mainly summer-
flowers, with spreading petal lobes, in p.192. mid-green leaves. In summer produces
flowering climbers, shrubs and trees, grown
terminal clusters 1ft (30cm) long. Makes a nodding, bell-shaped, blue-tinged, white
for their foliage and flowers. Needs partial
good container plant. Z12–14 H11–10. flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, marked inside
C. splendens (Bleeding heart
CLINTONIA shade and well-drained soil. Water container
with darker veining and 2 purple rings.
LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE specimens moderately, very little when
glorybower). Vigorous, evergreen, woody- Z7–9 H9–7.
temperatures are low. Pruning is tolerated if
stemmed, twining climber. H 10ft (3m) or Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering, C. convolvulacea, illus. p.205.
necessary. Propagate by layering in spring
more. Has oval to elliptic, rich green leaves. rhizomatous perennials. Prefers shade and C. ovata. Upright perennial with scarcely
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
Clusters of 5-petaled, tubular, scarlet moist but well-drained, peaty, neutral to twining stems. H and S to 12in (30cm). Has
and red spider mite may be a problem.
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, are produced in acidic soil. Propagate by division in spring small, oval leaves and, in summer, small,
C. major. See C. rosea.
summer. Z11 H11–10. or by seed in fall. bell-shaped, pale blue flowers, often with
C. rosea, syn. C. major (Autograph tree,
C. thomsoniae, illus. p.460. C. andrewsiana (Bluebead). Clump- darker veins. Z7–9 H9–7.
Copey, Fat pork tree, Pitch apple). Slow-
C. trichotomum (Japanese clethra), illus. forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in
growing, evergreen, rounded tree or shrub.
p.142. Deciduous, upright, bushy-headed, (60cm), S 12in (30cm). In early summer
treelike shrub. H and S 15–20ft (5–6m).
H and S to 50ft (15m). Bears oval, lustrous, COELOGYNE
produces clusters of small, bell-shaped,
deep green leaves. Cup-shaped, pink ORCHIDACEAE
Clusters of deep pink and greenish-white pinkish-purple flowers at tops of stems,
flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are produced in
buds open to fragrant, white flowers above above sparse, broadly oval, glossy, rich See also ORCHIDS.
summer, followed by globose, greenish
large leaves from late summer to mid-fall, green leaves. Bears globose, blue fruits C. cristata, illus. p.465.
fruits that yield a sticky resin. Z14–15
followed by blue fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. in fall. Z8–9 H9–1. C. flaccida, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
H12–10.
C. borealis. Clump-forming, rhizomatous epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
H 6in (15cm). In spring bears drooping
CLETHRA perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). In early
CLYTOSTOMA
summer produces small, nodding, bell- spikes of fragrant, star-shaped, light buff
CLETHRACEAE shaped, yellowish-green flowers, followed flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with yellow
BIGNONIACEAE
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs by small, globose, blackish fruits. Has and brown marks on each lip. Has
and trees, grown for their fragrant, white sparse, broadly oval, glossy, rich green narrowly oval, semi-rigid leaves, 3–4in
tendril climbers, grown for their flowers.
flowers. Needs partial shade and moist, leaves. Z2–7 H8–1. (8–10cm) long. Needs partial shade in
Grow in well-drained soil, with partial
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by softwood C. uniflora (Bride’s bonnet). Spreading, summer. H11–6.
shade in summer. Water freely in summer,
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. rhizomatous perennial. H 6in (15cm), C. nitida, syn. C. ochracea, illus. p.466.
less at other times. Provide support for
C. alnifolia (Summersweet, Sweet pepper- S 12in (30cm). Has oval, glossy, green Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
stems. Thin out congested growth after
bush). Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and leaves. Slender stems bear solitary star- greenhouse. H 5in (12cm). In spring
flowering or in spring. Propagate by
S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, toothed, mid-green shaped, white flowers in late spring, then produces sprays of very fragrant, white
semiripe cuttings in summer.
leaves and, in late summer and early fall, large, globose, blue-black fruits. Z4–8 H8–1. flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across and with a
C. callistegioides, syn. Pandorea
slender spires of small, bell-shaped yellow mark on each lip. Narrowly oval,
lindleyana, illus. p.461.
flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. semi-rigid leaves are 3–4in (8–10cm) long.
C. arborea (Lily-of-the-valley tree).
CLITORIA Requires partial shade in summer. H11–6.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub or tree. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE COBAEA C. ochracea. See C. nitida.
H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Bears long, Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs COBAEACEAE/POLEMONIACEAE C. speciosa. Vigorous, evergreen, C
nodding clusters of small, strongly and twining climbers, grown for their epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody-
fragrant, bell-shaped, white flowers among large, pealike flowers. Grow in full light greenhouse. H 10in (25cm). In summer
stemmed, tendril climbers. Only one
oval, toothed, rich green leaves from late and in any fertile, well-drained soil. Water produces pendent, light green flowers,
species, C. scandens, is generally cultivated.
summer to mid-fall. Z8–9 H9–8. moderately, less when not in full growth. 21/2in (6cm) across, with brown- and white-
Grow outdoors in warm areas in full
C. barbinervis, illus. p.129. Provide support for stems. Thin out marked lips, that open in succession along
sun and well-drained soil. In cool regions
C. delavayi, illus. p.113. crowded stems in spring. Propagate by stems. Has broadly oval leaves, 9–10in
may be grown under glass or treated as an
seed in spring or by softwood cuttings in (23–25cm) long. Needs full light in summer.
annual. Propagate by seed in spring.
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may Z14–15 H11–6.
CLEYERA be a problem.
C. scandens, illus. p.204. f. alba (Asian
THEACEAE/PENTAPHYLACEAE bellflower) is an evergreen, woody-
C. ternatea. Evergreen, twining climber
with slender stems. H 10–15ft (3–5m). stemmed, tendril climber. H 12–15ft (4–5m). COIX
Leaves are divided into 3 or 5 oval leaflets. Has long-stalked, bell-shaped, green, then GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
shrubs and trees, grown for their foliage
Clear bright blue flowers, 3–5in (7–12cm) white flowers from late summer until first
and flowers. Requires a sheltered position See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
wide, are borne in summer. Z11 H11–10. frosts. Leaves have 4 or 6 oval leaflets.
in sun or partial shade and moist, acidic and SEDGES.
Z11–13 H12–10.
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in C. lacryma-jobi (Job’s tears). Tuft-
summer. CLIVIA Cocos capitata. See Butia capitata. forming, annual grass. H 18–36in
C. fortunei ‘Variegata’. See C. japonica (45–90cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has broad
AMARYLLIDACEAE
‘Fortunei’ leaves and insignificant spikelets followed
C. japonica. Evergreen, bushy shrub. Genus of robust, evergreen, rhizomatous CODIAEUM by hard, beadlike, green fruits turning
H and S 10ft (3m). Small, fragrant, bowl- perennials, grown for their funnel-shaped EUPHORBIACEAE shiny, grayish-mauve in fall. Z7–11 H11–1.
flowers. Is suitable for borders and large
shaped, creamy-white flowers are borne Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
containers. Needs partial shade and well-
in summer amid narrowly oblong to
oval-oblong, glossy, dark green leaves.
drained soil. Water well in summer, less in
their foliage. Prefers partial shade and
COLCHICUM
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Remove
winter. Propagate by seed in winter or Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron
Occasionally has small, spherical, red tips from young plants to promote a
spring or by division in spring or summer LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE
fruits, ripening to black. Z8–11 H11–7. branched habit. Propagate by greenwood
after flowering. Mealy bugs may cause
‘Fortunei’, syn. C. fortunei ‘Variegata’, cuttings from firm stem tips in spring or Genus of spring- and fall-flowering corms,
problems. T All parts of C. miniata may
Eurya japonica ‘Variegata’, H and S 6ft summer. Mealy bug and soft scale may be grown for their mainly goblet-shaped
cause mild stomach upset if ingested, and
(2m), produces pink-flushed, young leaves, the sap may irritate skin. a nuisance. T Contact with the foliage may blooms, up to 8in (20cm) long, most of
later green edged with creamy-white. C. miniata, illus. p.476. aggravate skin allergies. which emerge before leaves. Each corm
C. nobilis (Violet trumpet vine). C. variegatum var. pictum, illus. p.459. bears 2–7 narrowly strap-shaped to
CLIANTHUS Evergreen, spring- or summer-flowering, broadly elliptic, basal leaves. Needs an
open, sunny situation and well-drained soil.
rhizomatous perennial. H 12–16in CODONOPSIS
(30–40cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has strap- Propagate by seed or division in fall. T All
Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, CAMPANULACEAE parts are highly toxic if ingested and, if in
shaped, semierect, basal leaves, 16–24in
woody-stemmed, scrambling climbers, (40–60cm) long. Each leafless stem bears a Genus of perennials and mostly contact with skin, may cause irritation.
grown for their flowers. Grow outdoors dense, semi-pendent head of more than 20 herbaceous, twining climbers, grown C. agrippinum, illus. p.425.
in warm areas in well-drained soil and full narrowly funnel-shaped, red flowers, with for their bell- or saucer-shaped flowers. C. autumnale, illus. p.426. ‘Alboplenum’
sun. In cooler areas needs to be under green tips and yellow margins to petals. Needs partial shade and light, well-drained is an fall-flowering corm. H and S 4–6in 545
glass. In spring, prune out growing tips to Z12–14 H11–10. soil. Train over supports or leave to (10–15cm). In spring has 3–5 large,
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COLEONEMA
semierect, basal, glossy, green leaves. C. armata. See C. hystrix. tubular, scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) long, edges. In mid-summer, each flower stem
Produces a bunch of up to 8 long-tubed, C. cruciata. See C. paradoxa. with yellow throats, are produced in bears 5–25 tubular flowers, usually lilac, but
rounded, double, white flowers with 15–30 C. hystrix, syn. C. armata, illus. p.130. winter–spring. Z14–15 H11–10. ‘Variegata’, white, purple or pink forms also occur.
narrow petals. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Rosea’ is a deciduous, sturdily branched illus. p.475. Z7–8 H8–7.
C. ‘Beaconsfield’. Robust, fall-flowering shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). Shoots have
corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears large,
goblet-shaped, rich pinkish-purple flowers,
rigid, gray-green spines. Bears fragrant,
COLUTEA CONIFERS
tubular, pink flowers in late summer and
faintly checkered and white in centers. early fall. Z7–11 H12–7. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Group of trees and shrubs, distinguished
Large, semierect, basal leaves are borne C. paradoxa, syn. C. cruciata, illus. p.131. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering botanically from others by producing seeds
in spring. Z4–9 H9–1. shrubs, grown for their foliage, pealike exposed or uncovered on the scales of
C. bivonae, syn. C. bowlesianum, flowers and bladder-shaped seed pods. fruits. Most conifers are evergreen, have
C. sibthorpii, illus. p.425.
COLLINSIA Grow in full sun and any but waterlogged needlelike leaves and bear woody fruits
C. bowlesianum. See C. bivonae. SCROPHULARIACEAE soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in (cones). All genera in the Cupressaceae
C. x byzantinum, illus. p.426. Genus of spring- to summer-flowering summer or by seed in fall. T The seeds family, however, have needlelike juvenile
C. cilicicum, illus. p.425. annuals. Needs partial shade and fertile, may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. leaves and, excepting many junipers and
C. ‘Lilac Wonder’. Vigorous, fall- well-drained soil. Support with thin sticks. C. arborescens, illus. p.139. some other selected forms, scalelike adult
flowering corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Propagate by seed sown outdoors in spring C. x media, illus. p.140. leaves. Conifers described in this book are
Has goblet-shaped, deep lilac-pink flowers, or early fall. C. orientalis. Deciduous, bushy shrub. evergreen unless otherwise stated.
6–8in (15–20cm) long. Broad, semierect, C. grandiflora, illus. p.312. H and S 6ft (2m). Has blue-gray leaves Conifers are excellent garden plants.
basal leaves are produced in spring. Z4–9 consisting of 7 or 9 oval leaflets. Clusters Most provide year-round foliage, which
H9–1. of yellow-marked, coppery-red flowers may be green, blue, gray, bronze, gold or
C. luteum, illus. p.421.
COLOCASIA produced in summer are followed by silver. They range in height from trees 130ft
C. sibthorpii. See C. bivonae. ARACEAE inflated, green, then pale brown seed (40m) or more tall to dwarf shrubs that
C. speciosum. Vigorous, fall-flowering Genus of deciduous or evergreen, pods. Z6–9 H9–6. grow less than 2in (5cm) every 10 years.
corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears perennial, marginal water plants, grown Tall conifers may be planted as specimen
goblet-shaped, pale to deep pinkish-purple Comarostaphylis diversifolia. See trees or to provide shelter, screening or
for their foliage. Has edible tubers, known
flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, often with Arctostaphylos diversifolia. hedging. Dwarf conifers make good
as “taros,” for which it is widely cultivated.
white throats. Large, semierect, basal Is suitable for the edges of frost-free ponds; features in their own right as well as in
leaves develop in winter or spring. Z4–9 may also be grown in wet soil in pots. COMBRETUM groups; they also associate well with
H9–1. ‘Album’, illus. p.424. Grows in sun or light shade and in mud heathers, add variety to rock gardens and
COMBRETACEAE
C. ‘The Giant’. Robust, fall-flowering or shallow water. Propagate by division provide excellent groundcover. They may
corm. H and S 6–8in (15–20cm). Produces Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
in spring. T All parts may cause mild also be grown in containers.
up to 5 funnel-shaped, deep mauve-pink scandent to twining climbers, grown for
stomach upset if ingested without cooking, Position and soil
flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, fading to their small, showy flowers. Provide rich,
and contact with the sap may irritate the well-drained soil, with partial shade in Cupressus, x Cuprocyparis, Larix and
white in the center. Broad, semierect, basal skin. Pinus need full sun. Cedrus, Juniperus
leaves are produced in winter or spring. summer. Water freely in summer, less at
C. antiquorum. See C. esculenta. other times. Support for stems is necessary. and Pseudolarix do not tolerate shade. All
Z4–9 H9–1. C. esculenta, syn. C. antiquorum. other conifers will thrive in sun or shade,
C. variegatum. Fall-flowering corm. Thin out and spur back congested growth
‘Fontanesii’ is a deciduous, perennial, after flowering. Propagate by semiripe and most Abies and all Cephalotaxus,
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears marginal water plant. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft Podocarpus, Taxus, Thuja, Torreya and
cuttings in summer. Red spider mite may
C widely funnel-shaped, reddish-purple
flowers with strong checkered patterns.
(60cm). Has large, bold, oval, mid-green be a problem. Tsuga will grow in deep shade once
leaves with dark green veins and margins C. grandiflorum. Moderately vigorous, established. Wollemia prefers a sheltered
More or less horizontal, basal leaves with location out of full sun.
and blackish-violet leaf stalks and spathe evergreen, scandent to twining climber.
wavy margins are produced in spring. Conifers grow well on most soils, but
tubes. Z9–11 H12–8. ‘Illustris’ has H to 20ft (6m). Has oblong to elliptic,
Needs a hot, sunny site. Z4–9 H9–1. certain genera and species will not do well
brownish-purple leaf stalks and dark green pointed leaves, 4–8in (10–20cm) long.
C. ‘Waterlily’, illus. p.425. on soils over chalk or limestone. In this
leaf blades with purple spots. Tubular, bright red flowers with long
stamens are borne in summer in one-sided book, such conifers are: Abies, Pseudolarix,
COLEONEMA COLQUHOUNIA spikes, 4–5in (10–13cm) long. Z11 H11–10. Pseudotsuga and Tsuga; also Picea, except
P. likiangensis, P. omorika and P. pungens;
RUTACEAE C. indicum. See Quisqualis indica.
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE and Pinus, except P. aristata, P. armandii,
Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs, P. cembroides, P. halepensis, P. heldreichii,
Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
grown for their flowers and overall
shrubs, grown for their flowers in late
COMMELINA P. nigra, P. peuce and P. wallichiana.
appearance. Requires full sun and well- Day flower Certain conifers tolerate extreme
summer and fall. Needs a sheltered, sunny
drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
position and well-drained soil. Propagate COMMELINACEAE conditions. Abies alba, A. homolepis,
container plants moderately when in full A. nordmanniana, Cryptomeria,
by softwood cuttings in summer. Genus of perennials, usually grown as
growth, sparingly at other times. For a Cunninghamia, Metasequoia, Pinus coulteri,
C. coccinea, illus. p.141. annuals. Needs a sunny, sheltered position
more compact habit, clip after flowering. P. peuce, P. ponderosa, Sciadopitys,
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe and fertile, well-drained soil. Crowns
Sequoia, Sequoiadendron and Taxodium
cuttings in late summer. COLUMNEA should be lifted before the frosts and
will grow on heavy clay soils. Picea
C. pulchrum. Evergreen, spreading to overwintered in slightly moist, frost-free
GESNERIACEAE conditions. Propagate by seed sown under omorika, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta,
domed shrub with wiry stems. H 2–4ft Sciadopitys verticillata and Thuja plicata are
Genus of evergreen, creeping or trailing glass or by division of the crown in spring.
(60cm–1.2m), S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Has soft, all happy on wet soil, and Metasequoia and
perennials or subshrubs, grown for their C. coelestis, syn. C. tuberosa Coelestis
needlelike, bright green leaves. Produces Taxodium thrive in waterlogged conditions.
showy flowers. Trailing species are useful Group, illus. p.315.
5-petaled, pale pink to red flowers in Cupressus, Juniperus and Pinus grow well
for hanging baskets. Needs bright but C. tuberosa Coelestis Group. See C.
spring–summer. Z8–11 H11–8. on dry, sandy soil.
indirect light, a fairly humid atmosphere coelestis.
Coleus blumei var. verschaffeltii. and moist soil, except in winter. Propagate Pruning
See Solenostemon scutellarioides. by tip cuttings after flowering. If a conifer produces more than one leader,
Coleus thyrsoideus. See Plectranthus C. x banksii, illus. p.470.
CONANDRON remove all but one. Bear in mind when
thyrsoideus. C. crassifolia, illus. p.470. GESNERIACEAE trimming hedges that most conifers will not
C. gloriosa (Goldfish plant). Evergreen, Genus of one species of tuberous perennial, make new growth when cut back into old
trailing perennial with more or less wood or from branches that have turned
COLLETIA unbranched stems. H and S to 3ft (90cm).
grown for its fleshy leaves and drooping
flower clusters. Grow in alpine houses. brown. This does not, however, apply to
RHAMNACEAE Oval leaves have reddish hairs. Has tubular, Needs shade and rich, well-drained soil. Cephalotaxus, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia,
Genus of deciduous, usually leafless hooded, scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) long, Keep container plants moist in summer, dry Sequoia, Taxus, Torreya and Wollemia, and
shrubs, grown for their curious, spiny with yellow throats, in winter–spring. when dormant in winter. Propagate by these conifers may be kept to a reasonable
shoots and profuse, small flowers. Shoots Z13–15 H11–10. division or seed in spring. size in the garden by cutting back the main
assume function of leaves. Requires a C. microphylla. Evergreen perennial, C. ramondoides. Hummock-forming, stem, which will later coppice (make new
sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil. sparsely branched on each trailing stem. tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 8in growth). Young specimens of Araucaria,
546 Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Has small, (20cm). Produces broadly oval, fleshy, Ginkgo, Metasequoia and Taxodium will
summer. rounded leaves with brown hairs. Hooded, wrinkled, mid-green leaves with toothed sometimes do the same.
COREOPSIS
Propagation C. australis, syn. Dracaena australis (New

Seed is the easiest method of CONSOLIDA COPIAPOA Zealand cabbage palm). Slow-growing,
propagation, but forms selected for leaf Larkspur CACTACEAE evergreen, sparsely branched tree. H 50ft
color (other than blue in some species) RANUNCULACEAE (15m) or more, S 15ft (5m) or more. Each
Genus of slow-growing, perennial cacti
do not come true. Sow in fall or spring. stem is crowned by a rosette of strap-
Genus of annuals, providing excellent cut with funnel-shaped, yellow flowers. Many
All genera apart from Abies, Cedrus, shaped leaves, 1–3ft (30cm–1m) long. Has
flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained species have large taproots. Needs partial
Picea (except young plants or dwarf small, scented, white flowers in large, open
soil. Support stems of tall-growing plants shade and very well-drained soil.
forms), Pinus, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga panicles in summer and, in fall, globose,
with sticks. Propagate by seed sown Propagate by seed or grafting in spring or
and Tsuga (except young plants or dwarf white fruits. Z10–11 H11–10.
outdoors in spring, or in early fall in mild summer.
forms) may be raised fairly easily from ‘Atropurpurea’, illus. p.451. Long,
areas. Protect young plants from slugs and C. cinerea, illus. p.489.
cuttings: current growth from fall to sword-shaped leaves of ‘Veitchii’ have red
snails. T The seeds are poisonous. C. coquimbana. Clump-forming,
bases and midribs.
spring for evergreens, softwood cuttings spherical, then columnar, perennial cactus.
C. ajacis, syn. C. ambigua, Delphinium C. fruticosa, syn. C. terminalis (Ti plant).
in summer for deciduous conifers. Tall- H to 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Dark gray-green
growing forms of Pinaceae (Abies, consolida. Fast-growing, upright, Slow-growing, evergreen, upright shrub,
branching annual. Giant forms, H to 4ft stem has 10–17 ribs. Areoles each bear
Cedrus, Picea, Pinus, Pseudolarix, sparingly branched and suckering. H 6–12ft
(1.2m), S 1ft (30cm); dwarf, H and S 1ft 8–10 dark brown radial spines and 1 or 2
Pseudotsuga and Tsuga) are usually (2–4m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Broadly lance-
sturdier central spines. Yellow flowers,
propagated by grafting in late summer, (30cm). All have feathery, mid-green leaves shaped, glossy, deep green leaves are 1–2ft
11/4in (3cm) across, are borne in summer.
winter or early spring. Layering may be and, throughout summer, spikes of (30–60cm) long. Produces branched
Is slow to form clumps. Z13–15 H12–10.
possible for some dwarf conifers. It is rounded, spurred flowers. H9–1. Dwarf panicles of small, white, purplish or reddish
C. echinoides. Flattened spherical,
illegal to propagate Wollemia nobilis. Hyacinth Series has spikes of tubular flowers in summer. Z11 H11–7. Foliage of
perennial cactus, ribbed like a sea urchin.
flowers in shades of pink, mauve, blue or ‘Baptistii’ is deep green with pink and
Pests and diseases H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Solitary gray-
white. Giant Imperial Series (Giant yellow stripes and spots. ‘Imperialis’ has
Honey fungus attacks many conifers, green stem bears dark brown spines, 11/4in
larkspur) has spikes of rounded, spurred, red- or pink-marked, deep green leaves.
especially young plants. Most resistant to (3cm) long, which soon fade to gray. In
double flowers in pink, blue or white. C. indivisa, syn. Dracaena indivisa. Slow-
the disease are Abies, Calocedrus, Larix, summer produces pale yellow flowers,
C. ambigua. See C. ajacis. growing, evergreen, erect tree or shrub.
Pseudotsuga and Taxus. Green spruce 11/2in (4cm) across. Z13–15 H12–10.
C. marginata. Clump-forming, perennial H 10ft (3m) or more, S 6ft (2m). Bears lance-
aphid may be a problem on Picea, and
shaped, green leaves, 2–6ft (60cm–2m) long,
conifer spinning mite may defoliate Abies, CONVALLARIA cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Gray-
orange-brown veined above, blue-gray
Picea and some Pinus. Lily-of-the-valley green stem bears very close-set areoles
with dark-tipped, pale brown spines, to tinted beneath. In summer, tiny, star-
Conifers are illustrated on pp.95–105, LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
11/4in (3cm) long. Has yellow flowers, shaped, white flowers in dense clusters, 2ft
dwarf forms on pp.105. See also Abies,
Genus of spring-flowering, rhizomatous 3
/4–2in (2–5cm) across, in spring–summer. (60cm) or more long, are followed by tiny,
Araucaria, Athrotaxis, Austrocedrus,
perennials. Prefers partial shade and rich, Z13–15 H12–10. spherical, blue-purple fruits. Z9–10 H11–10.
Calocedrus, Cedrus, Cephalotaxus,
moist soil. Propagate by division after C. terminalis. See C. fruticosa.
Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria,
flowering or in fall. T The seeds of C.
Cunninghamia, Cupressus, x Cuprocyparis, COPROSMA
Fitzroya, Ginkgo, Juniperus, Larix,
majalis may cause mild stomach upset if COREOPSIS
ingested. RUBIACEAE
Metasequoia, Microbiota, Phyllocladus, Tickseed
C. majalis, illus. p.255. Z2–7 H7–1. ‘Flore Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Picea, Pinus, Platycladus, Podocarpus, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Pleno’ is a low-growing, rhizomatous grown for their foliage and fruits.
Prumnopitys, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga,
perennial. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S indefinite. Separate male and female plants are Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
Saxegothaea, Sciadopitys, Sequoia,
Sequoiadendron, Taxodium, Taxus,
Sprays of small, very fragrant, pendent, bell- needed to obtain fruits. Prefers full for their daisylike flower heads. Needs full C
shaped flowers that are double and white light and well-drained soil. Water sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
Thuja, Thujopsis, Torreya, Tsuga annuals by seed in spring; C. lanceolata by
are produced in spring. Narrowly oval container specimens freely in summer,
and Wollemia. seed or division in spring; C. auriculata
leaves are mid- to dark green. ‘Fortin’s moderately at other times. Propagate
Giant’, H 18in (45cm), has larger flowers by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings ‘Superba’ and C. grandiflora ‘Badengold’
CONOPHYTUM and leaves that appear a little earlier. in late summer. by softwood cuttings or division in spring
C. baueriana. See C. repens. or summer; and C. verticillata by division in
AIZOACEAE
C. baueri of gardens. See C. repens. spring.
Genus of slow-growing, clump-forming, CONVOLVULUS C. x kirkii. Evergreen, prostrate, then C. auriculata ‘Superba’ (Tickseed).
perennial succulents with spherical or Bushy perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
CONVOLVULACEAE semierect, densely branched shrub. H to 3ft
2-eared leaves that grow for only 2 months Daisylike, rich yellow flower heads, with
Genus of dwarf, bushy and climbing (1m), S 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Narrowly oblong to
each year, after flowering. In early summer, central, purple blotches, are borne in
annuals, perennials and evergreen shrubs lance-shaped, leathery, glossy leaves are
old leaves gradually shrivel to papery summer. Oval to lance-shaped leaves are
and subshrubs. Grow in sun and in poor to borne singly or in small clusters. In late
sheaths from which new leaves and flowers lobed and light green. Some plants grown
fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead to spring has insignificant flowers, followed
emerge in late summer. Needs full sun and on female plants by tiny, egg-shaped, as C. auriculata are the closely related
well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter. prolong flowering. Propagate by seed
translucent, white fruits with red speckles. annual C. basalis. Z4–9 H9–1.
Propagate by seed from spring to fall or by sown outdoors in mid-spring for hardy
Z8–10 H10–8. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.152. C. Coloropsis Series ‘Jive’. Bushy, well-
division in late summer. plants or under glass in spring for tender
C. repens, syn. C. baueriana, C. baueri. branched, prolific perennial grown as an
C. bilobum, illus. p.494. plants; increase perennials and subshrubs
Evergreen, spreading, then erect shrub. annual. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–24in
C. concordans, syn. Ophthalmophyllum by softwood cuttings in late spring or
H and S to 6ft (2m). Has broadly oval, (45–60cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
villetii, illus. p.484. summer.
leathery, lustrous, rich green leaves. dark green leaves. Daisylike, deep crimson
C. frutescens, syn. C. notabile, illus. p.496. C. althaeoides, illus. p.362. flower heads, 2in (5cm) across, margined in
Produces insignificant flowers in late
C. longum, syn. Ophthalmophyllum C. cneorum, illus. p.149. pure white, are borne in summer–fall.
spring, followed on female plants by
herri, Ophthalmophyllum longum. C. mauritanicus. See C. sabatius. C. ‘Goldfink’. See C. lanceolata ‘Goldfink’.
egg-shaped, orange-red fruits from late
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. C. minor. See C. tricolor. summer to fall. Z8–10 H10–8. Leaves of C. grandiflora. Z4–9 H11–1. ‘Badengold’
H 11/4in (3cm), S 5/8in (1.5cm). Has 2 C. purpureus. See Ipomoea purpurea. ‘Picturata’ each have a central, cream Short-lived, erect perennial with lax stems.
almost united, erect, cylindrical, very C. sabatius, syn. C. mauritanicus, illus. blotch. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Bears large,
fleshy, gray-green to brown leaves. p.342. daisylike, rich buttercup-yellow flower
In late summer bears daisylike, white C. tricolor, syn. C. minor. Moderately heads in summer and broadly lance-
to pink flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across. fast-growing, upright, bushy or climbing CORDYLINE shaped, divided, bright green leaves.
Z12–14 H11–10. annual. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 8in (20cm). AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ‘Sunray’, syn. C. ‘Sunray’ illus. p.321.
C. notabile. See C. frutescens. Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, C. lanceolata, illus. p.276. ‘Goldfink’,
C. truncatum (Larkspur). Slow-growing, leaves. In summer bears saucer-shaped, grown mainly for their foliage, although syn. C. ‘Goldfink’ is a short-lived, dwarf,
clump-forming, perennial succulent. blue or white flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, some also have decorative flowers. Provide bushy perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
H 5/8in (1.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has pea- with yellowish-white throats. Tall, climbing fertile, well-drained soil and full light or Sprays of daisylike, deep yellow flower
shaped, dark-spotted, blue-green forms, H to 10ft (3m), are half-hardy and partial shade. Water container plants heads are held in summer above narrowly
leaves, each with a sunken fissure at have flowers to 4in (10cm) wide. Z9–11 moderately, less in winter. Propagate by oval, deep green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1.
the tip. Produces daisylike, cream H11–10. ‘Blue Flash’ (bushy) illus. p.314. seed or suckers in spring or by stem C. ‘Limerock Ruby’, illus. p.268.
flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) across, in fall. ‘Flying Saucers’ (climber) has blue-and- cuttings in summer. Red spider mite may C. rosea ‘American Dream’. Upright 547
Z12–15 H11–10. white-striped flowers. be a nuisance. perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
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CORIARIA
small, lance-shaped, dark green leaves. capitata, C. florida and C. kousa by seed in purple-red in fall. f. rubra bears pink or early summer, are followed by ovoid,
Produces masses of daisylike, yellow- fall or by softwood cuttings in summer; C. red bracts. ‘Spring Song’ has pink bracts. creamy-white fruits. ‘Kelseyi’ (illus. p.126),
centered, pink flower heads, borne on nuttallii by seed in fall; all others described ‘Welchii’, illus. p.89. ‘White Cloud’ has H 21/2ft (75cm), S 5ft (1.5m), is compact and
self-supporting, branched stems, in mid- here by softwood cuttings in summer. large white bracts. has yellow-green winter stems tipped with
summer. Z4–8 H8–1. T The fruits of some species may cause C. kousa, illus. p.85. var. chinensis (illus. orange-red. ‘White Gold’, syn. C. sericea
C. ‘Rum Punch’, illus. p.326. mild stomach upset if ingested; contact p.87) has larger flower heads and more ‘White Spot’ (illus. p.126) has mid-green
C. ‘Sunray’. See C. grandiflora ‘Sunray’. with the leaf hairs may irritate skin. narrowly pointed bracts. var. chinensis leaves margined and mottled with white.
C. tinctoria, illus. p.321. ‘Golden Crown’ C. alba (Tatarian dogwood). Vigorous, ‘China Girl’ (Bigleaf dogwood) (illus. p.87) ‘White Spot’. See C. sericea ‘White Gold’.
(Threadleaf coreopsis) is a fast-growing, deciduous, upright, then spreading shrub. bears creamy-white bracts and mid-green C. stolonifera. See C. sericea.
upright, bushy annual. H 24in (60cm), H and S 10ft (3m). Young shoots are bright leaves turning orange-red in fall. ‘Miss
S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, deep green red in winter. Has oval, dark green leaves, Satomi’ (illus. p.87) has deep pink bracts
leaves and, in summer and early fall, large,
COROKIA
often red or orange in fall. Bears flattened and bright green leaves turning orange
daisylike, deep yellow flower heads with heads of star-shaped, creamy-white flowers and red in fall. ‘National’ (illus. p.87) is ESCALLONIACEAE/ARGOPHYLLACEAE
brown centers. Z4–9 H12–1. in late spring and early summer, followed vigorous, has bright green leaves turning Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
C. verticillata, illus. p.276. by spherical, sometimes blue-tinted, white to orange and red in fall, and bears large, habit, foliage, flowers and fruits. Is good in
fruits. Z2–8 H8–1. ‘Aurea’ (illus. p.126) has white bracts that mature to pink. mild, coastal areas, where it is very wind-
CORIARIA pale greenish-yellow leaves in summer. C. macrophylla. Deciduous, spreading tolerant. Protect from strong winds at
‘Elegantissima’ (illus. p.126) has white- tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Glossy, limits of hardiness. Needs full sun and
CORIARIACEAE edged, gray-green leaves. ‘Gouchaultii’ bright green leaves are large, pointed and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
Genus of deciduous, spring- or summer- has pink-flushed leaves broadly edged with oval. Clusters of small, creamy-white softwood cuttings in summer.
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown yellow. ‘Kesselringii’ (illus. p.126) has flowers are produced in summer. Z7–8 C. buddlejoides. Evergreen, upright
for their habit, foliage and fruits. Needs full dark green leaves flushed reddish-purple in H8–7. shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has slender,
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate fall. ‘Sibirica’ illus. p.143. ‘Sibirica C. mas (Cornelian cherry), illus. p.87. gray shoots and narrowly oblong, glossy,
by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed Variegata’ (illus. p.142) has gray-green Deciduous, spreading, open shrub or tree. dark green leaves. Bears panicles of star-
in fall. T The leaves and fruits of some leaves with creamy-white margins. H and S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves shaped, yellow flowers in late spring,
species may cause severe stomach upset if ‘Spaethii’ (Pagoda dogwood) (illus. p.126) change to reddish-purple in fall. Produces followed by spherical, blackish-red
ingested; in other species, the fruits are has bright green leaves with yellow edges. small, star-shaped, yellow flowers on bare fruits. Z9–10 H10–9.
edible, although the seeds are thought to C. alternifolia, illus. p.87. Deciduous, shoots in late winter and early spring, then C. cotoneaster, illus. p.144.
be poisonous. spreading tree or bushy shrub, with tiered edible, oblong, bright red fruits. Z5–8 H8–5. C. x virgata. Evergreen, upright, dense
C. terminalis. Deciduous, arching branches. H and S 20ft (6m). Oval, bright ‘Aureoelegantissima’, syn. C. mas shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are oblong
subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Broadly green leaves, which each taper to a point, ‘Elegantissima’ (illus. p.87), H 6ft (2m), and glossy, dark green above, white
lance-shaped, fernlike, mid-green leaves often turn red in fall. Clusters of tiny, star- S 10ft (3m), has pink-tinged leaves edged beneath. Produces star-shaped, yellow
turn red in fall. Minute, green flowers in shaped, creamy-white flowers in early with yellow. ‘Elegantissima’. See C. mas flowers in mid-spring, then egg-shaped,
late spring are followed by small, spherical, summer are followed by small, rounded, ‘Aureoelegantissima’. ‘Variegata’ is bushy bright orange fruits. Makes a good hedge,
black fruits. Z9–11 H11–1. var. blue-black fruits. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Argentea’ and dense and produces white-edged, dark especially in coastal areas. Z8–10 H10–8.
xanthocarpa, illus. p.161. (Giant dogwood), illus. p.87 has narrowly green leaves.
oval, white-variegated leaves. C. ‘Norman Hadden’. Deciduous,
CORONILLA
C. canadensis, syn. Chamaepericlymenum spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Creamy-
CORNUKAEMPFERIA LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
canadense, illus. p.360. white bracts around tiny flowers turn to
C ZINGIBERACEAE C. capitata, syn. Dendrobenthamia deep pink in summer. These are often Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
Genus of one species of herbaceous capitata (Evergreen dogwood), illus. p.87. followed by strawberry-like fruits in fall. and perennials, grown for their foliage and
perennial with underground rhizomes, Evergreen or semievergreen, spreading Z5–8 H8–5. flowers. Requires full sun and light, well-
grown for its large, colorful leaves and tree. H and S to 40ft (12m). Pale yellow C. nuttallii (Western dogwood). drained soil. Propagate by softwood
flowers. Grow in moist but well-drained bracts, surrounding insignificant flowers, Deciduous, conical tree. H 40ft (12m), cuttings in summer.
soil in partial or full shade. Keep dry when are produced in early summer, followed by S 25ft (8m). Has oval, dark green leaves C. glauca. See C. valentina subsp. glauca.
dormant. Propagate by division in spring large, strawberry-like, red fruits. Has oval, and large, white bracts, surrounding tiny C. valentina subsp. glauca, syn. C.
or by seed in spring. gray-green leaves. Is good for a mild flowers, borne in late spring. Z7–8 H8–7. glauca, illus. p.195.
C. aurantiflora. Herbaceous, rhizomatous coastal area. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Monarch’ (illus. p.87) is a vigorous,
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). Has C. controversa (Flowering dogwood), spreading tree with rounded, white bracts
ovate, ribbed, dark green and silver leaves, illus. p.87. Deciduous tree with layered in mid-spring and purple-blushed shoots
CORREA
to 10in (25cm) long, with purple branches. H and S 50ft (15m). Leaves are bearing mid-green leaves. RUTACEAE
undersides, borne close to the ground. oval, pointed and bright green, turning C. ‘Porlock’ (Kousa dogwood), illus. p.87. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
Tubular, orange flowers, 2in (5cm) long, are purple in fall. Clusters of small, star- Deciduous, spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), flowers. Prefers full light or partial shade
borne, in summer, from short stalks in the shaped, white flowers are borne in S 15ft (5m). Creamy-white bracts around and fertile, well-drained, neutral to acidic
leaf axils. Requires full shade. ‘Jungle summer. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Variegata’ (Giant tiny flowers turn to deep pink in summer. soil. Water container specimens
Gold’ (illus. p.477) has largely silver leaves dogwood), H and S 25ft (8m), leaves are These are often followed by heavy crops of moderately, less when not in flower.
and deep orange-red buds that open into bright green with broad, creamy-white strawberry-like fruits in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
orange-gold flowers, with red lines. margins and turn yellow in fall. C. sanguinea (Bloodtwig dogwood), illus. cuttings in late summer.
C. ‘Eddie’s White Wonder’, illus. p.87. p.142. Deciduous, upright shrub. H to 10ft C. backhouseana. Evergreen, rounded,
Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H 20ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Reddish-green, sometimes well-branched shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
CORNUS
(6m), S 15ft (5m). Large, white bracts, entirely green, winter shoots are a deep red Leaves are oval to elliptic and dark green,
Dogwood
surrounding insignificant flowers, are color when young. Ovate, mid-green leaves with dense, pale buff down beneath.
CORNACEAE produced in late spring. Oval leaves are turn reddish-purple in fall. Flattened heads Tubular, pale yellow-green to white flowers
Genus of deciduous shrubs and deciduous mid-green, turning red and purple in fall. of star-shaped, white flowers, in late are produced in spring and intermittently
or evergreen trees, grown for their flowers, Z5–8 H8–5. spring, are followed by egg-shaped, blue- until fall. Z9–10 H10–8.
foliage or brightly colored winter stems. C. florida (Flowering dogwood). black fruits. Thrives in damp soil. Z4–7 C. x harrisii. See C. ‘Mannii’.
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well- Deciduous, spreading tree. H 20ft (6m), H7–1. ‘Midwinter Fire’ (illus. p.126) C. ‘Mannii’, syn. C. x harrisii, C. ‘Harrisii’.
drained soil. Those grown for winter stem S 25ft (8m). In late spring bears white or produces flame-colored stems—yellow at Evergreen, bushy, slender-stemmed
color do best in full sun. C. florida, C. kousa pinkish-white bracts surrounding tiny, the bases rising to scarlet-red on younger shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has narrowly
and C. nuttallii dislike shallow, chalky soil. insignificant flowers. Oval, pointed, dark growth. ‘Winter Beauty’ (illus. p.126) has oval leaves with short hairs beneath.
C. canadensis prefers acidic soil. Plants green leaves turn red and purple in fall. orange-yellow winter stems, tipped with Tubular, scarlet flowers are borne in
grown for their stems should be cut back Z5–8 H8–3. ‘Apple Blossom’ has pale crimson, and yellow-red fall leaf color. summer–fall, sometimes in other seasons.
almost to ground level each year in early pink bracts. ‘Cherokee Chief’ (illus. p.87) C. sericea, syn. C. stolonifera (Red osier Z9–10 H10–9.
spring. Propagate C. alba and C. sericea bears pink-red bracts, fading to white close dogwood). Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Flaviramea’ (illus. C. pulchella, illus. p.164.
‘Flaviramea’ by softwood cuttings in to each flower. ‘Cherokee Princess’ p.126) is a vigorous, deciduous shrub. H 6ft C. reflexa, syn. C. speciosa. Evergreen,
summer or by hardwood cuttings in fall or (illus. p.87) has bronze-colored leaves that (2m), S 13ft (4m). Has olive-green to yellow, bushy, slender-stemmed shrub. H and S to
winter; variegated forms of C. alternifolia mature to dark green. ‘Rainbow’ (illus. young shoots in winter and ovate, mid- 6ft (2m). Oval leaves have thick down
548 and C. controversa by grafting in winter; C. p.87) has a compact, erect habit, white green leaves. Flattened heads of small, star- beneath. Bears tubular, greenish-yellow to
canadensis by division in spring or fall; C. bracts and yellow-edged leaves turning shaped cream flowers, in late spring and crimson or rose flowers, with greenish-
COTONEASTER
white petal tips, in summer–fall, sometimes flattened, triangular spurs, from spring to of nuts are set in fringed husks. Z5–7 H7–5. with basal bracts. Grow in a humid
in other seasons. Z9–10 H10–9. early summer. Dies down in summer. C. maxima (Giant filbert). Vigorous, atmosphere, out of direct sunlight, in rich
C. speciosa. See C. reflexa. Z5–8 H8–5. deciduous, bushy, open shrub or tree. soil. Propagate by division in spring.
C. halleri. See C. solida. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Bears oval, toothed, Container-grown plants may be attacked
C. lutea, syn. Pseudofumaria lutea, illus. mid-green leaves, long, yellow catkins in by red spider mite.
CORTADERIA p.344. late winter and edible, egg-shaped, brown C. speciosus (Malay ginger), illus. p.477.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE C. nobilis. Perennial with long, fleshy, nuts. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Purpurea’ illus. p.115. Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES fibrous roots. H and S 8–14in (20–35cm). H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Has narrowly
Bears much-divided leaves on lower part of oval, downy leaves, to 10in (25cm) long.
and SEDGES.
flower stems, each of which bears a dense
CORYNOCARPUS Reddish bracts are spine-tipped, each
C. richardii, illus. p.284.
C. selloana (Pampas grass). Evergreen, spike of long-spurred, pale yellow flowers, CORYNOCARPACEAE surrounding a white or pink-flushed flower,
clump-forming, stately, perennial grass. with lips tipped green or brown, in early Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their to 4in (10cm) wide, with a broad, yellow-
H to 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has narrow, summer. Z5–8 H8–5. foliage and overall appearance. Needs full centered lip; flowers are produced
very sharp-edged, outward-curving leaves, C. ochroleuca of gardens, syn. light or partial shade and fertile, moist but intermittently throughout the year. H11–9.
5ft (1.5m) long. In late summer, erect, Pseudofumaria alba, Pseudofumaria well-drained soil. Water container
ochroleuca, illus. p.337. specimens moderately, less when
plumelike, silvery panicles, up to 2ft (60cm)
C. popovii, illus. p.349.
COTINUS
long, are borne above mid-green leaves. temperatures are low. Pruning is tolerated
Male and female flowers are produced on C. solida, syn. C. halleri. Tuft-forming, if necessary. Propagate by seed when ripe ANACARDIACEAE
separate plants; females, with long, silky tuberous perennial. H 4–8in (10–20cm), or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
hairs, are more decorative. Z7–11 H11–7. S 3–5in (8–12cm). Leaves alternate on C. laevigatus, illus. p.451. grown for their foliage, flower heads and
‘Aureolineata’, syn. C. selloana ‘Gold flower stems, each of which bears a dense fall color. Individual flowers are
Band’, H to 7ft (2.2m), is compact, and has spike of dull purplish-red flowers in spring. inconspicuous. Requires a position in full
Dies down in summer. Z5–7 H7–3. ‘George
CORYPHANTHA
leaves with rich yellow margins aging to sun or partial shade, with fertile but not
dark golden-yellow. ‘Gold Band’. See C. Baker’, syn. C. solida ‘G.P. Baker’, illus. CACTACEAE over-rich soil. Purple-leaved forms need
selloana ‘Aureolineata’. ‘Silver Comet’ p.353. ‘G.P. Baker’. See C. solida ‘George Genus of perennial cacti with roughly full sun to bring out their best colors.
illus. p.285. ‘Sunningdale Silver’, illus. Baker’. spherical, spiny, green stems. Stems have Propagate species by softwood or
p.284. C. wilsonii, illus. p.335. elongated areoles in grooves running along greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
upper sides of tubercles; many species show in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in summer.
CORTUSA CORYLOPSIS this groove only on very old plants. Funnel- C. americanus. See C. obovatus.
shaped flowers are produced in summer, C. coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus (Smoke
PRIMULACEAE Winterhazel
followed by cylindrical, green seed pods. bush). Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and
Genus of clump-forming, spring- and HAMAMELIDACEAE Needs full sun and very well-drained soil. S 15ft (5m). Leaves are rounded or oval and
summer-flowering perennials, related to Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, Propagate by seed in spring or summer. light green, becoming yellow or red in fall.
Primula, with one-sided racemes of bell- grown for their fragrant, yellow flowers, C. cornifera, syn. C. radians, illus. p.480. From late summer, as insignificant fruits
shaped flowers. Is not suitable for hot, dry which are produced before hazel-like C. radians. See C. cornifera. develop, masses of tiny flower stalks form
climates as needs shade and rich, moist leaves emerge. Late frosts may damage C. vivipara. See Escobaria vivipara. plumelike, pale fawn, later gray clusters.
soil. Propagate by seed when fresh or by flowers. Prefers partial shade and fertile, Z5–9 H9–3. ‘Flame’. See C. ‘Flame’.
division in fall. moist but well-drained, acidic soil. GOLDEN SPIRIT (‘Ancot’) illus. p.116.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
COSMOS ‘Notcutt’s Variety’ illus. p.115. ‘Royal
C. matthioli, illus. p.341.
or by seed in fall. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Purple’ has deep pink plumes and deep C
C. glabrescens, illus. p.111. Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering purplish-red leaves.
CORYDALIS C. pauciflora, illus. p.126. C. ‘Flame’, syn. C. coggyria ‘Flame’, illus.
annuals and tuberous perennials. Needs
PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE C. sinensis, syn. C. willmottiae. Vigorous, sun and does best in moist but well-drained p.117.
Genus of spring- and summer-flowering deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H and soil. In mild areas, tubers of half-hardy C. obovatus, syn. C. americanus, Rhus
annuals and tuberous or fibrous-rooted S 12ft (4m). Leaves are bright green above, C. atrosanguineus may be overwintered in cotinoides (Creeping cotoneaster).
perennials, some of which are evergreen, blue-green beneath. Clusters of bell- ground if protected with a deep mulch. Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub or tree.
grown for their tubular, spurred, 2-lipped shaped, pale yellow flowers are produced Propagate half-hardy species by basal H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has large, oval
flowers or for their fernlike leaves. Needs from early to mid-spring. Z5–9 H9–2. cuttings in spring, annuals by seed in fall leaves that are bronze-pink when young,
full sun or partial shade and well-drained ‘Spring Purple’ (Spike winter hazel) has or spring. maturing to mid-green and turning orange,
soil; some require rich soil and cool deep plum-purple, young leaves. C. atrosanguineus, syn. Bidens red and purple in fall. Z4–8 H8–1.
growing conditions. Propagate by seed in C. spicata. Deciduous, spreading, open atrosanguinea, illus. p.238. CHOCAMOCHA
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Bristle- (‘Thomocha’) illus. p.306.
fall or by division when dormant: fall for
toothed leaves are dull, pale green above,
COTONEASTER
spring-flowering species, spring for C. bipinnatus. Upright, bushy annual.
summer-flowering species. blue-green beneath. Drooping clusters of H to 5ft (1.5m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has feathery, ROSACEAE
C. ambigua of gardens. See C. bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers are borne mid-green leaves, and, throughout Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
fumariifolia. in mid-spring. Z5–8 H8–5. summer, produces solitary, bowl- or evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
C. bulbosa of gardens. See C. cava. C. willmottiae. See C. sinensis. saucer-shaped flower heads in white, pink, their foliage, flowers and fruits. Some
C. cashmeriana. Tuft-forming, fibrous- or crimson, with yellow centers. H12–1. species make fine specimen plants; others
rooted perennial. H 4–10in (10–25cm), ‘Candy Stripe’, H to 3ft (90cm), has white
CORYLUS may be used for hedging or groundcover.
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has divided, semierect, flower heads, edged and flecked with Deciduous species and cultivars prefer full
Hazel
basal leaves and, in summer, dense spikes crimson. ‘Sea Shells’, H to 3ft (90cm), sun, but evergreens do well in either sun or
of 2-lipped, brilliant blue flowers. Needs CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE produces carmine-red, pink, or white partial shade. All resent waterlogged soil
cool, partially shaded, rich, neutral to acidic Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, flower heads with tubular florets. and are particularly useful for dry sites.
soil. Is good for a rock garden. Dies down grown for their habit, catkins and often Sensation Series illus. p.305. Propagate species by cuttings in summer
in winter. Z6–8 H8–6. edible fruits (nuts). Prefers sun or partial C. sulphureus Ladybird Series. Group or by seed in fall, hybrids and cultivars by
C. cava, syn. C. bulbosa. Spring- shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Cut out of upright, bushy annuals. H 12–16in cuttings only, in summer. Take semiripe
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4–8in suckers as they arise. Propagate species by (30–40cm), S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, mid- cuttings for evergreens and
(10–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Leaves seed in fall, cultivars by grafting in late green leaves, and in summer produces semievergreens, softwood cuttings for
are semierect, basal and much divided. summer or by suckers or layering in late clusters of bowl-shaped, semidouble flower deciduous plants. Fireblight is a common
Produces dense spikes of tubular, dull fall to early spring. Mildew may cause heads in yellow, orange, or scarlet, with problem. T The seeds may cause mild
purple flowers. Dies down in summer. defoliation; other fungi and insects may black centers. H12–1. stomach upset if ingested.
Z6–8 H8–6. spoil nuts. C. adpressus. Deciduous, arching shrub.
H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Rounded, wavy-
C. cheilanthifolia, illus. p.335. C. avellana (European filbert). ‘Contorta’
COSTUS
C. diphylla, illus. p.354. illus. p.118. edged, dark green leaves redden in fall.
Ginger lily, Spiral flag
C. fumariifolia, syn. C. ambigua. C. colurna (Turkish hazel). Deciduous, Produces small, 5-petaled, pink flowers in
Tuberous perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S to conical tree. H 70ft (20m), S 22ft (7m). ZINGIBERACEAE early summer, then spherical, red fruits.
4in (10cm). Stem bears much-divided Has broadly oval, strongly toothed, almost Genus of mostly clump-forming, Z5–7 H7–1.
leaves and a short spike of 2-lipped, azure- lobed, dark green leaves. Long, yellow rhizomatous perennials, grown for their C. ‘Autumn Fire’. See C. ‘Herbstfeuer’. 549
blue or purplish-blue flowers, with catkins are borne in late winter. Clusters showy, solitary or paired, tubular flowers C. bullatus ‘Firebird’, syn. C. ‘Firebird’.
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COTONEASTER
Deciduous, bushy, open shrub. H and S 10ft serotinus. See C. serotinus. clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. Z6–8 and blunt at tips and covered with short,
(3m). Large, oval, deeply veined, dark green C. ‘Gnom’, syn. C. ‘Gnome’, C. salicifolius H8–3. ‘Gnom’. See C. ‘Gnom’. golden-brown hairs. Clusters of tubular,
leaves redden in fall. Small, 5-petaled, ‘Gnom’. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 8in C. serotinus, syn. C. glaucophyllus var. brownish-red flowers are borne in fall. Z12
white flowers in early summer are followed (20cm), S 6ft (2m). Bears narrowly lance- serotinus. Evergreen, arching, open shrub. H11–10.
by masses of spherical, bright red fruits. shaped, dark green leaves, small, 5-petaled, H and S 20ft (6m). Has oval, dark green C. undulata. See C. orbiculata var.
Z6–8 H8–6. var. macrophyllus. See white flowers, in early summer, and leaves. Small, white flowers are borne from oblonga.
C. rehderi. clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. mid- to late summer and the egg-shaped to C. wallichii. See Tylecodon wallichii.
C. cashmiriensis, syn. C. cochleatus, Makes good groundcover. Z7–8 H8–7. almost spherical, bright red fruits last until
C. microphyllus var. cochleatus of gardens C. ‘Gnome’. See C. ‘Gnom’. spring. Z7–8 H8–7.
C. simonsii, illus. p.143.
CRAMBE
(Pyrenees cotoneaster). Evergreen, C. ‘Herbstfeuer’, syn. C. ‘Autumn Fire’.
prostrate shrub. H to 11/2ft (45cm), S 6ft Evergreen, prostrate or arching shrub. C. ‘Skogsholmen’. See C. x suecicus BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE
(2m). Has small, oval, notched, dark green H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Has lance-shaped, ‘Skogholm’. Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
leaves. Small, white flowers are produced bright green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white C. sternianus, syn. C. franchetii var. for their bold leaves and large sprays of
in late spring, followed by spherical, red flowers in early summer are followed by sternianus, illus. p.141. white flowers in summer. Leaf shoots of
fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. spherical, bright red fruits. May be grown C. x suecicus ‘Skogholm’, syn. C. C. maritima are eaten as a spring vegetable.
C. cochleatus of gardens. See as groundcover or as a weeping standard. ‘Skogsholmen’. Evergreen, arching, wide- Grow in any well-drained soil; prefers an
C. cashmiriensis. Z5–8 H8–5. spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 10ft (3m). open position in full sun but tolerates some
C. congestus (Wintergreen cotoneaster). C. horizontalis, illus. p.208. Leaves are small, oval and glossy, dark shade. Propagate by division in spring or
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 8in (20cm), C. hupehensis. Deciduous, arching shrub. green. Bears small, 5-petaled, white flowers by seed in fall or spring.
S 6ft (2m). Forms dense mounds of oval, H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, bright green in early summer, then rather sparse, C. cordifolia, illus. p.216.
dull green leaves. Produces small, leaves turn yellow in fall. Masses of small, spherical, red fruits. Makes good C. maritima, illus. p.264.
5-petaled, pinkish-white flowers in early 5-petaled, white flowers in late spring are groundcover. Z6–8 H8–6.
summer, followed by spherical, bright red succeeded by large, spherical, bright red C. x watereri ‘John Waterer’, illus.
fruits. Is excellent for a rock garden. Z7–8 p.142. Vigorous, evergreen or
CRASPEDIA
H8–7. C. ‘Hybridus Pendulus’. Evergreen, semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
C. conspicuus, syn. C. conspicuus var. prostrate shrub, almost always grown as a (5m). Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Genus of basal-rosetted, summer-flowering
decorus, illus. p.142. Evergreen, prostrate, weeping standard. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in perennials, some of which are best treated
arching shrub. H 1ft (30cm), S 6–10ft Has oblong, dark green leaves. Small, early summer, followed by a profusion of as annuals. Needs sun and well-drained
(2–3m). Has oblong, glossy, very dark green 5-petaled, white flowers in early summer spherical, red fruits in large clusters. Z6–8 soil. Propagate by seed when very fresh, in
leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in are followed by spherical, deep red fruits. H8–6. summer.
late spring are succeeded by large, Z6–8 H8–6. C. incana. Basal-rosetted perennial.
spherical, scarlet or orange-red fruits. Z6–8 C. integrifolius, syn. C. microphyllus of
COTULA H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 4in (10cm). Has
H8–6. var. decorus. See C. conspicuus. gardens. Evergreen, spreading, dense narrowly oval, basal leaves, with dense,
C. ‘Coral Beauty’. Evergreen, arching, shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Rigid shoots COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE woolly, white hairs beneath, and smaller
dense shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has are clothed in small, oval, dark green Genus of perennials and a few marginal leaves on flower stem. In summer, many
small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves and, leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in water plants, most of which are evergreen, domed heads of 3–10 tiny, tubular, yellow
in early summer, produces small, 5-petaled, late spring are followed by spherical, red grown for their neat foliage and button-like flowers are produced in large, terminal
white flowers. Fruits are spherical and fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. flower heads. Many species are useful for clusters. Z9–10 H10–9.
bright orange-red. Z7–8 H8–7. C. lacteus, illus. p.117. cracks in paving stones, but may be
C C. ‘Cornubia’, illus. p.117. C. linearifolius, syn. C. microphyllus var. invasive. Most need a position in full sun,
CRASSULA
C. dielsianus (Spreading cotoneaster). thymifolius of gardens. Evergreen, with well-drained soil that is not too dry.
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 8ft prostrate shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Propagate by division in spring. CRASSULACEAE
(2.5m). Slender shoots are clothed in oval, Rigid branches bear tiny, narrow, blunt- C. atrata. See Leptinella atrata. Genus of perennial succulents and
dark green leaves. Produces small, ended, glossy leaves. Produces small, white C. coronopifolia (Brass buttons). Short- evergreen, succulent shrubs and
5-petaled, pink flowers in early summer, flowers in late spring, followed by lived, deciduous, perennial, marginal water subshrubs, ranging from 3/4in (2cm) high,
followed by spherical, glossy, red fruits. spherical, red fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. plant. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has very succulent-leaved species to 15ft (5m)
Z6–8 H8–6. C. microphyllus of gardens. See fleshy stems, small, lance-shaped, mid- shrubby types. Most are easy to grow.
C. divaricatus, illus. p.122. C. integrifolius. var. cochleatus of green leaves and, in summer, button-like, Most prefer full sun; others like partial
C. ‘Exburiensis’. Evergreen or gardens. See C. cashmiriensis. var. yellow flower heads. Z7–9 H9–7. shade. Needs very well-drained soil and a
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft thymifolius of gardens. See little water in winter. Propagate by seed or
(5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, bright C. linearifolius.
COTYLEDON stem cuttings in spring or fall.
green leaves, small, 5-petaled, white C. prostratus of gardens. See C. arborescens, illus. p.490.
flowers, in early summer, and spherical, C. rotundifolius. CRASSULACEAE C. argentea of gardens. See C. ovata.
yellow fruits, sometimes tinged pink later. C. rehderi, syn. C. bullatus var. Genus of evergreen, succulent shrubs and C. coccinea, syn. Rochea coccinea.
Z6–8 H8–6. macrophyllus. Deciduous, bushy, open subshrubs, grown for their diverse foliage Evergreen, erect, succulent shrub. H to
C. ‘Firebird’. See C. bullatus ‘Firebird’. shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Very large, that ranges from large, oval, gray leaves to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
C. franchetii. Evergreen or oval, deeply veined, dark green leaves turn small, cylindrical, mid-green leaves. Prefers Alternate pairs of fleshy, oval to oblong-
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft red in fall. Clusters of small, 5-petaled, pink a sunny or partially shaded site and very oval, hairy-margined, dull green leaves,
(3m). Oval, gray-green leaves are white flowers, borne in late spring and early well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or each united at the base, are arranged at
beneath. Bears small, 5-petaled, pink- summer, are succeeded by spherical, bright stem cuttings in spring or summer. right angles in 4 rows up woody, green
tinged, white flowers in early summer, then red fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. C. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi. stems. Produces umbels of tubular,
a profusion of oblong, bright orange-red C. ‘Rothschildianus’. Evergreen or C. orbiculata. Evergreen, upright, bright red flowers in summer or fall.
fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. var. sternianus. See C. semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft succulent shrub. H and S 20in (50cm) or Z12–15 H12–10.
sternianus. (5m). Has narrowly oval, bright green more. Swollen stem bears thin, oval, mid- C. cooperi. See C. exilis subsp. cooperi.
C. frigidus (Tree cotoneaster), illus. p.142. leaves, small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in green leaves, densely coated in white wax C. deceptor, syn. C. deceptrix, illus. p.488.
Vigorous, deciduous tree, upright when early summer, and large clusters of and sometimes red-edged. Flower stems, C. deceptrix. See C. deceptor.
young, arching when mature. H and S 30ft spherical, golden-yellow fruits. Z6–8 H8–6. to 28in (70cm) long, have pendent, tubular, C. exilis subsp. cooperi, syn. C. cooperi.
(10m). Has large, broadly oval, wavy- C. rotundifolius, syn. C. prostratus orange flowers in fall. Z12–15 H12–10. var. Carpeting, perennial succulent. H 3/4in
edged, dull green leaves and broad heads (Willowleaf cotoneaster). Evergreen, oblonga, syn. C. undulata has flat, wavy (2cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, spoon- to
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers borne in arching shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 8ft (2.5m). tips to the leaves and bell-shaped, orange lance-shaped, light green leaves, pitted
early summer, followed by large clusters of Has small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. flowers. with darker green or blackish-green marks.
small, long-lasting, spherical, bright red Produces small, 5-petaled, white flowers in C. paniculata. See Tylecodon paniculatus. Produces clusters of minute, 5-petaled,
fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. early summer, followed by spherical, deep C. reticulata. See Tylecodon reticulatus. white to pale pink flowers in winter. Z12–15
C. glaucophyllus. Evergreen, arching, red fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. C. simplicifolia. See Chiastophyllum H12–10.
open shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are C. salicifolius, illus. p.142. Vigorous, oppositifolium. C. falcata. See C. perfoliata var. falcata.
oval, dark green, bluish-white beneath. evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft C. tomentosa subsp. ladismithensis. C. lactea. Prostrate to semierect, perennial
Produces small, 5-petaled, white flowers in (5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark Evergreen, freely branching, later succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (1m). Leaves
550 mid-summer, followed by small, spherical, green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white prostrate, succulent subshrub. H and S 8in are triangular-oval, glossy and dark green.
deep red fruits in fall. Z7–8 H8–7. var. flowers, in early summer, are followed by (20cm). Has fleshy, green leaves, swollen In winter produces masses of small,
CROCOSMIA
5-petaled, white flowers in terminal C. laevigata, syn. C. oxyacantha (English C. reniforme. Basal-rosetted perennial. (60cm). Leafless flower stem has a head of
clusters. Likes partial shade. Z12–15 hawthorn). ‘Paul’s Scarlet’, illus. p.84. H and S 8in (20cm). Leaves are large and fragrant, long-tubed, white or pinkish-red
H12–10. ‘Punicea’ is a deciduous, spreading tree. kidney-shaped. Sturdy stems each bear a flowers with darker red stripes. Bears long,
C. lycopodioides. See C. muscosa. H and S 20ft (6m). In late spring and early large, daisylike, yellow flower head in strap-shaped, semierect leaves grouped in
C. multicava, illus. p.484. summer, oval, lobed, toothed, glossy, dark summer. a tuft on a short stalk. Z7–11 H12–8.
C. muscosa, syn. C. lycopodioides. Dense, green leaves set off clusters of crimson C. longifolium. See C. bulbispermum.
bushy, woody-based, perennial succulent. flowers, which are followed by rounded,
CREPIS C. macowanii. Fall-flowering bulb.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears small, red fruits. Z5–8 H8–3. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Is similar to
Hawk’s beard
scalelike, neatly overlapping, mid-green C. x lavallei ‘Carrierei’. Vigorous, C. bulbispermum, but leaves are wavy-
leaves arranged in 4 rows around erect deciduous, spreading tree. H 22ft (7m), COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE edged. Z10–11 H11–10.
stems. In spring produces tiny, 5-petaled, S 30ft (10m). Oval, glossy, dark green leaves Genus of summer-flowering annuals, C. moorei, illus. p.383.
greenish-yellow flowers. Likes partial turn red in late fall. Has clusters of white biennials and perennials, some of which C. x powellii, illus. p.385. ‘Album’ illus.
shade. Z12–15 H12–10. flowers in late spring, followed by long- are evergreen, with long taproots and p.383.
C. ovata, syn. C. argentea, C. portulacea, lasting, rounded, orange-red fruits. Z5–7 leaves in flat rosettes. Many species are
illus. p.481. H7–4. persistent weeds, but some are grown for
C. perfoliata var. falcata, syn. C. falcata, C. macrosperma var. acutiloba (Downy their many-petaled, dandelion-like flower
CROCOSMIA
heads. Tolerates sun or shade and prefers
Montbretia
illus. p.489. hawthorn). Deciduous, spreading tree.
C. portulacea. See C. ovata. H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Has broad, sharply well-drained soil. Propagate annuals and IRIDACEAE
C. sarcocaulis, illus. p.339. toothed, dark green leaves. White flowers biennials by seed in fall, perennials by root Genus of corms, grown for their brightly
C. schmidtii, illus. p.485. with red anthers in late spring are followed cuttings (not from taproot) in late winter, colored flowers produced mainly in
C. socialis, illus. p.480. by bright red fruits in fall. Z4–8 H8–1. although most species self-seed freely. summer. Forms dense clumps of sword-
C. mollis. Deciduous, spreading tree. C. aurea, illus. p.345. shaped, erect leaves. Requires well-drained
H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Large, broadly C. incana (Pink dandelion). Basal-rosetted
+ CRATAEGOMESPILUS perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Bears
soil and an open, sunny site. In very cold
oval, lobed, dark green leaves have white- areas, plant in a sheltered position or lift
ROSACEAE haired undersides when young. Bears oblong, divided, hairy, grayish-green and store corms over winter. Propagate by
Group of grafted, hybrid, deciduous trees heads of large, white flowers in late spring, leaves. Uneven discs of ragged, pink flower division as growth starts in spring.
(Crataegus and Mespilus), grown for their followed by short-lived, rounded, red fruits. heads are produced on stiff stems in C. aurea. Tuft-forming, summer-flowering
flowers, foliage and fruits. Requires sun or Z3–6 H6–1. summer. Is good for a sunny rock garden corm. H 20–30in (50–75cm), S 6–8in
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. C. monogyna (Singleseed hawthorn). or border. Z5–7 H7–4. (15–20cm). Erect, basal leaves are long,
Propagate by grafting in late summer. Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 30ft C. rubra. Fairly fast-growing, rosette- narrow and sword-shaped. Produces a
+ C. dardarii (Bronvaux medlar). ‘Jules (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has broadly oval, deeply forming annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in loosely branched spike of tubular, orange
d’Asnières’ is a deciduous, spreading lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters of (15cm). Has lance-shaped, serrated leaves. or yellow flowers, 1–2in (3–5cm) long, each
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has drooping fragrant, white flowers are borne from late In summer bears dandelion-like, pink, with 6 spreading petals. Z6–9 H9–6.
branches and spiny shoots. Variable, oval spring to early summer, followed by occasionally red or white flower heads. C. ‘Bressingham Blaze’. Clump-
or deeply lobed, dark green leaves, gray rounded, red fruits. Makes a dense hedge. Z5–7 H7–4. forming, late summer-flowering corm.
when young, turn orange and yellow in fall. Z5–7 H7–4. ‘Biflora’ (Glastonbury thorn) H 30in (75cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has erect,
Clusters of saucer-shaped, sometimes rose- has flowers and leaves in mild winters as CRINODENDRON sword-shaped, pleated, basal leaves.
tinted, white flowers in late spring or early well as in spring. Branched stem bears widely funnel-
ELAEOCARPACEAE
summer are followed by small, rounded, C. orientalis, syn. C. laciniata, illus. p.80. shaped, fiery-red flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
red-brown fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. C. oxyacantha of gardens. See C. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, C. ‘Citronella’ of gardens. See C. ‘Golden C
laevigata. grown for their flowers and foliage. Fleece’.
C. pedicellata, illus. p.90. Requires full or partial shade, with plant C. x crocosmiiflora. Robust, sometimes
CRATAEGUS C. x persimilis ‘Prunifolia’, syn. C. crus- base in cool shade. Soil should be fertile, invasive, variable, late summer-flowering
Hawthorn moist but well-drained, and acidic.
galli, C. x prunifolia. Deciduous, spreading, corm. H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
ROSACEAE thorny tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer sword-shaped, pale green, basal leaves.
glossy, dark green leaves turn red or or by seed in fall. Produces thin, slightly arching, sometimes
Genus of deciduous, or more rarely
orange in fall. Has clusters of white C. hookerianum, syn. Tricuspidaria
semievergreen, spiny, often spreading trees branched spikes of funnel-shaped, orange
flowers, with pink anthers, in early lanceolata, illus. p.202.
and shrubs, grown for their clustered, or yellow flowers in summer. Z6–9 H9–3.
summer, then rounded, dark red fruits. C. patagua, illus. p.113.
5-petaled, occasionally double flowers in ‘George Davison’ See C. ‘George
spring–summer, ornamental fruits and, in Z6–7 H7–6. x Crinodonna corsii. See x Davison’. ‘Honey Angels’ See C. ‘Honey
some cases, fall color. Prefers full sun but is C. phaenopyrum, syn. C. cordata Amarcrinum memoria-corsii. Angels’. ‘Solfatare’ See C. ‘Solfatare’.
suitable for most sites and may be grown in (Washington thorn). Deciduous, round- C. ‘Emily McKenzie’. Compact, late
any but very wet soil. Is useful for growing headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly oval summer-flowering corm. H to 24in (60cm),
in polluted urban areas, exposed sites and leaves are sharply lobed, glossy and dark CRINUM S 6–8in (15–20cm). Leaves are erect, basal
coastal gardens. Propagate species by seed green. Clusters of white flowers, with pink AMARYLLIDACEAE and sword-shaped. Bears a dense spike of
in fall, cultivars by budding in late summer. anthers, are produced from early to mid- Genus of robust bulbs, grown for their widely funnel-shaped, deep orange flowers,
Fireblight is sometimes a problem. T The summer, followed by rounded, glossy, red often fragrant, funnel-shaped flowers. each with a dark mahogany throat. Z6–9
seeds may cause mild stomach upset if fruits that last through winter. Z4–8 H8–1. Needs full sun, shelter and rich, well- H9–2.
ingested. C. x prunifolia. See C. x persimilis drained soil. Propagate by offsets in spring C. ‘George Davison’, syn. C.
C. cordata. See C. phaenopyrum. ‘Prunifolia’. or by seed when fresh or in spring. T All x crocosmiiflora ‘George Davison’ (illus.
C. crus-galli (Cockspur hawthorn). C. tanacetifolia (Tansy-leaved hawthorn). parts may cause severe discomfort if p.410). Mid- to late summer-flowering
Deciduous, flat-topped tree. H 25ft (8m), Deciduous, upright, usually thornless tree. ingested; contact with the sap may irritate corm. H 3–4ft (90cm–1.2m), S 6in (15cm).
S 30ft (10m). Has shoots armed with long, H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has oval to skin. Has erect, sword-shaped, pleated, mid-
curved thorns and oval, glossy, dark green diamond-shaped, deeply cut, gray-green C. americanum. Tuft-forming, spring- green, basal leaves. Produces branched
leaves that turn bright crimson in fall. leaves, clusters of fragrant, white flowers, and summer-flowering bulb. H 16–30in stems bearing large, trumpet-shaped, pale
Clusters of white flowers, with pink with red anthers, in mid-summer and (40–75cm), S 24in (60cm). Has 6–10 strap- orange-yellow flowers, tinted deeper
anthers, in late spring are followed by small, apple-shaped, yellow fruits. Z6–7 shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Leafless orange externally. Z6–9 H10–9.
long-lasting, rounded, bright red fruits. H7–6. stem bears a head of up to 6 fragrant, long- C. ‘Golden Dew’. Late summer-flowering
Z4–7 H7–1. tubed, white flowers with narrow petals. corm. H 30in (75cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
C. crus-galli of gardens. See C. x
CREMANTHODIUM Z8–11 H11–8. sword-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves.
persimilis ‘Prunifolia’. C. asiaticum. Clump-forming bulb. Produces large, funnel-shaped, yellow and
C. ellwangeriana. Deciduous, spreading COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE H 11/2–2ft (45–60cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). gold flowers on wiry, dark reddish stems.
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Broadly oval, dark Genus of basal-rosetted perennials, grown Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal, dark Z6–9 H9–6.
green leaves are shallowly toothed and for their pendent, half-closed, daisylike green leaves, 3ft (1m) long. Leafless flower C. ‘Golden Fleece’, syn. C. ‘Citronella’,
lobed. Bears clusters of white flowers, with flower heads. Is often very difficult to grow stems produce heads of long-tubed, white illus. p.412.
pink anthers, in late spring, followed by in all but very cool areas with snow cover. flowers, with narrow petals, in spring or C. ‘Harlequin’. Late summer-flowering
rounded, glossy, crimson fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. Dislikes winter wet. Needs shade and rich, summer. Z8–11 H11–8. corm. H 36in (90cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
C. flava, illus. p.80. moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by C. bulbispermum, syn. C. longifolium. sword-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. 551
C. laciniata of gardens. See C. orientalis. seed when fresh. Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m), S 2ft Well-branched, upright stems bear funnel-
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CROCUS
shaped, bright yellow flowers with of 1–3in (2.5–8cm). Is ideal for rock gardens Produces semierect, very narrow, basal and white anthers. Semierect, narrow,
alternate, red and orange outer petals. and for forcing in bowls for an early indoor leaves, each with a white line along the basal leaves, with white lines along centers,
Z6–9 H9–6. display. Most require well-drained soil and a center, which scarcely show at flowering are produced in winter–spring. Z3–8 H8–1.
C. ‘Honey Angels’, syn. C. sunny situation; C. banaticus prefers moist time. Z3–8 H8–1. var. leucopharynx has pale lilac-blue
x crocosmiiflora ‘Honey Angels’ (illus. soil and partial shade. Plant 2–21/2in (5–6cm) C. dalmaticus. Spring-flowering corm. flowers with white centers and white
p.410). Summer-flowering corm. H 30in deep, in late summer or early fall. Propagate Semierect, very narrow leaves have central, anthers.
(75cm), S 6in (15cm). Has erect, sword- in early fall by seed or division of corm white lines. Bears 1–3 purple-veined, pale C. ‘Ladykiller’. Late winter- to mid-
shaped, pleated, bronzed-green leaves clumps. See also feature panel p.417. violet flowers, with yellow centers, overlaid spring-flowering corm. Has funnel-shaped
and trumpet-shaped, pale yellow flowers. C. ‘Advance’. Late winter- to mid-spring- with silver or yellow outside. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers, white or pale lilac within and deep
Z6–9 H9–6. flowering corm. Funnel-shaped flowers are C. ‘Dorothy’, illus. p.417. Spring- violet-purple with white margins outside.
C. ‘Jackanapes’, illus. p.410. Clump- buttercup-yellow inside and paler yellow flowering corm. Scented flowers are pale Z3–8 H8–1.
forming, late summer-flowering corm. outside, suffused violet-bronze. Z3–8 H8–1. lemon-yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. C. laevigatus. Very variable corm,
H 16–24in (40–60cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). C. aerius of gardens. See C. biflorus C. ‘Dutch Yellow’. See C. ‘Golden flowering intermittently for a month or
Has erect, sword-shaped, basal leaves. subsp. pulchricolor. Yellow’. more in fall or winter depending on the
Produces bicolored, yellow and orange- C. ancyrensis. Spring-flowering corm. C. ‘E.P. Bowles’, illus. p.417. Early form. Fragrant flowers are produced with
red flowers. Z8–10 H11–3. Produces up to 7 fragrant, bright orange- spring-flowering corm. Has scented, leaves and are usually lilac-purple with
C. ‘John Boots’. Mid- to late summer- yellow flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. funnel-shaped, deep yellow flowers, bold stripes on outside; inside each has a
flowering corm. H 18in (45cm), S 3in (8cm). C. angustifolius, syn. C. susianus (Cloth- stained bronze near base on outside. Has yellow eye and cream-white anthers. Z3–8
Has erect, sword-shaped, mid-green, basal of-gold crocus). Spring-flowering corm. semierect, narrow leaves, each with a H8–1.
leaves. Bears funnel-shaped, golden-yellow Fragrant flowers are bright golden-yellow, central white line. Increases well by offsets. C. longiflorus. Fall-flowering corm.
flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. striped or stained bronze outside. Z3–8 Z3–8 H8–1. Produces fragrant, slender, purple flowers,
C. ‘Lucifer’, illus. p.410. Robust, clump- H8–1. C. etruscus. Spring-flowering corm. Has which are striped darker purple outside, at
forming corm. H to 3ft (1m), S 8–10in C. aureus. See C. flavus. semierect, very narrow, dark green, basal the same time as leaves. Flowers have
(20–25cm). Has erect, sword-shaped, basal, C. balansae. See C. olivieri subsp. leaves with central, white lines. Bears long- yellow centers and anthers and red
bright green leaves. Bears funnel-shaped, balansae. tubed, funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue stigmas. Z5–8 H8–5.
deep rich red flowers in dense, branching C. banaticus, syn. C. iridiflorus. Fall- flowers, washed silver outside, with violet C. x luteus ‘Golden Yellow’. See C.
spikes in mid-summer. Z6–9 H9–6. flowering corm. Usually has solitary, long- veining. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Zwanenburg’ (illus. ‘Golden Yellow’.
C. masoniorum, syn. C. masonorum, tubed, pale violet flower; outer 3 petals are p.417) has pale purple-blue flowers, C. malyi. Spring-flowering corm. Has 1 or
illus. p.410. Robust, clump-forming corm. much larger than inner 3. Very narrow, washed with biscuit-brown and flecked 2 funnel-shaped, white flowers with yellow
H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). Has semierect, basal leaves, each with a paler violet outside. throats, brown or purple tubes and bright
erect, deep green, basal leaves, pleated line along the center, are produced in C. ‘Eyecatcher’, illus. p.417. Late winter- orange stigmas. Leaves are semierect, very
lengthways. Erect, branched stem has spring. Z3–8 H8–1. to mid-spring-flowering corm. Funnel- narrow and basal with central, white lines.
a horizontal, upper part, which bears C. baytopiorum. Spring-flowering corm. shaped, yellow-throated, gray-white Z3–8 H8–1.
upward-facing, funnel-shaped, reddish- Each corm bears 1 or 2 rounded, clear flowers have white-edged, deep purple C. medius. Fall-flowering corm. Has
orange flowers in summer–fall. Z6–9 turquoise-blue flowers with slightly darker outer segments. Z3–8 H8–1. 1 or 2 funnel-shaped, uniform rich purple
H9–2. ‘Rowallane Yellow’, H 3ft veins. Z3–8 H8–1. C. flavus, syn. C. aureus. Spring-flowering flowers, with yellow anthers and red
(1m), S 3in (8cm), has warm yellow C. biflorus. Early spring-flowering corm. corm. Fragrant flowers are bright yellow stigmas cut into many threadlike branches.
flowers. Has semierect, narrow, basal leaves, each or orange-yellow throughout; often several Linear, basal leaves are produced in
C. masonorum. See C. masoniorum. with a white line along the center. Bears flowers are produced together or in quick winter–spring, after flowering. Z3–8 H8–1.
C C. paniculata, syn. Antholyza paniculata, fragrant, white or purplish-white flowers, succession. Z5–8 H8–5. C. minimus. Late spring-flowering corm.
Curtonus paniculatus. Summer-flowering with yellow throats, vertically striped C. gargaricus. Spring-flowering corm. Has semierect, very narrow, dark green,
corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm). purple outside. Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. Bears yellow flowers. Increases by stolons. basal leaves that have central, white lines.
Has erect, sword-shaped, basal leaves, alexandri has fragrant, deep violet Tolerates slightly damper conditions than Bears 1 or 2 flowers, purple inside and
pleated lengthwise. Produces long-tubed, flowers, with white insides. subsp. most crocuses. Z5–8 H8–5. stained darker violet or sometimes darker
orange flowers on branched stems, which pulchricolor, syn. C. aerius has rich deep C. ‘Golden Yellow’, syn. C. ‘Dutch striped on outside. Z3–8 H8–1.
are strongly zigzag in shape. Z6–9 H9–2. blue flowers with golden-yellow centers. Yellow’, C. x luteus ‘Golden Yellow’. Very C. niveus. Fall-flowering corm. Produces
C. ‘Severn Sunrise’, illus. p.410. Late C. ‘Blue Bird’, illus. p.417. Late winter- to vigorous, clump-forming, spring-flowering 1 or 2 white or pale lavender flowers, with
summer-flowering corm. H 36in (90cm), mid-spring-flowering corm. Funnel-shaped corm. Bears yellow flowers faintly striped yellow throats. Leaves are produced at
S 3in (8cm). Has erect, sword-shaped, flowers are white inside with deep yellow outside at bases. Naturalizes well in grass. same time as flowers or just afterward.
mid-green, basal leaves. Produces tightly throats and violet margined with white Z3–8 H8–1. Needs a warm, sunny site. Z3–8 H8–1.
clustered, funnel-shaped flowers in shades outside. Z3–8 H8–1. C. goulimyi, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering C. nudiflorus (Autumn-flowering crocus).
of salmon, apricot and yellow. Z6–9 H9–6. C. ‘Blue Pearl’, illus. p.421. corm. Usually has solitary, long-tubed, pale Fall-flowering corm. Has linear, basal
C. ‘Solfatare’, syn. C. x crocosmiiflora C. boryi. Fall-flowering corm. Flowers are lilac to pinkish-lilac flower, with a white leaves in winter–spring. Usually bears
‘Solfatare’ (illus. p.410). Mid- to late ivory-white, sometimes veined or flushed throat and 3 inner petals usually paler than solitary, slender, long-tubed, rich purple
summer-flowering corm. H 26–28in with mauve outside. Z4–8 H8–1. the 3 outer ones. Leaves and flowers are flower, with a frilly, bright orange or yellow
(65–70cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears erect, C. cancellatus. Fall-flowering corm. produced together. Needs a warm site. stigma. Naturalizes in grass. Z3–8 H8–1.
sword-shaped, pleated, bronzed-green Slender flowers are pale blue, slightly Z3–8 H8–1. C. olivieri. Spring-flowering corm. Bears
leaves and trumpet-shaped, pale to mid- striped outside. Leaves form after C. hadriaticus, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering rounded, bright orange flowers. Z5–8
yellow flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. flowering, in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. corm. Leaves are produced at same time as H8–5. Flowers of subsp. balansae, syn.
C. ‘Star of the East’, illus. p.410. Late C. cartwrightianus. Fall-flowering corm. white flowers, which usually have yellow C. balansae are stained or striped bronze-
summer-flowering corm. H 28in (70cm), Produces leaves at same time as strongly throats and may be lilac-feathered at the brown outside.
S 8in (3in). Has erect, sword-shaped, mid- veined, violet or white flowers, H 11/2–21/2in base. Z3–8 H8–1. C. pulchellus. Fall-flowering corm. Bears
green, basal leaves. Bears horizontal- (4–6cm) across, each with 3 long, bright red C. imperati. Bicolored, spring-flowering long-tubed, pale lilac-blue flowers with
facing, funnel-shaped, clear orange stigmas, similar to those of C. sativus. Z6–8 corm. Develops 1 or 2 scented, purple darker veins, conspicuous, yellow throats
flowers, with a paler orange center, on H8–6. flowers, fawn with purple striping outside and white anthers. Leaves are semierect,
branched stems. Z6–9 H9–6. C. chrysanthus. Spring-flowering corm. and with yellow throats. Z3–8 H8–1. In ‘De very narrow and basal, with white lines
Scented flowers are orange-yellow Jager’ flowers are rich violet-purple inside along centers. Z3–8 H8–1.
CROCUS throughout with deeper orange-red and biscuit-colored with violet feathering C. salzmannii. See C. serotinus subsp.
stigmas. Z3–8 H10–1. ‘Zwanenberg outside. salzmannii.
IRIDACEAE Bronze’. See C. ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’. C. iridiflorus. See C. banaticus. C. sativus, syn. C. sativus var.
Genus of mainly spring- or fall-flowering C. ‘Cream Beauty’, illus. p.417. Spring- C. korolkowii (Celandine crocus). Spring- cashmirianus (Saffron crocus). Fall-
corms with funnel-shaped to rounded, flowering corm. Scented, rich cream flowering corm. Produces up to 20 narrow flowering corm. Leaves are produced with
long-tubed flowers. Has long, very narrow, flowers, with deep yellow throats, are leaves. Produces fragrant, yellow flowers saucer-shaped, dark-veined, purple
semierect, basal leaves, each with a white stained purplish-brown outside at base. that are speckled or stained brown or flowers, each with 3 long, bright red
line along center, usually 1–5 per corm. Bears semierect, very narrow, dark green, purple outside. When open in sun, petals stigmas that yield saffron. Z5–8 H8–1.
Some fall-flowering species have no leaves basal leaves, each with a white, central line. have glossy surfaces. Z3–8 H8–1. var. cashmirianus. See C. sativus.
at flowering time, these appearing in winter Z3–8 H8–1. C. kotschyanus, syn. C. zonatus, illus. C. serotinus subsp. salzmannii, syn.
552 or spring. Most species are less than 4in C. cvijicii. Spring-flowering corm. Usually p.417. Fall-flowering corm. Pinkish-lilac or C. salzmannii. Fall-flowering corm. Lilac-
(10cm) tall when in flower and have a spread has solitary funnel-shaped, yellow flower. purplish-blue flowers have yellow centers blue flowers, sometimes with yellow
CTENANTHE
throats, are produced at the same time as C. zonatus. See C. kotschyanus. triangular, wavy, mid-green leaves have hooded, purplish spathes are produced
leaves. Z5–8 H8–1. C. ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’, syn. C. serrated edges. A cluster of fragrant, intermittently among lance-shaped,
C. sieberi. Spring-flowering corm. chrysanthus ‘Zwanenberg Bronze’, illus. tubular, white flowers is produced from purplish-green leaves. Z10–11 H11–10.
Fully hardy. Has scented, white flowers with p.417. Spring-flowering corm. H to 4in each rosette center, usually in summer. Z15
(10cm), S 1–3in (2.5–8cm). Has bicolored H12–10. ‘Ruber’ has red-flushed foliage.
yellow throats and purple staining outside,
flowers, rich yellow inside, stained bronze
CRYPTOGRAMMA
either in horizontal bands or vertical stripes. Z15 H11–10.
Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Albus’, syn. C. sieberi ‘Bowles’ outside. Z3–8 H8–1. C. bivittatus. Evergreen, clump-forming, ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE
White’ illus. p.427. subsp. atticus has pale basal-rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm), Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
lilac to violet-blue flowers with frilly, orange CROSSANDRA S 10–15in (25–38cm). Loose, flat rosettes of ferns. Needs partial shade and moist but
stigmas. ‘Bowles’ White’. See C. sieberi broadly lance-shaped, wavy, mid- to well-drained, neutral or acidic soil. Remove
‘Albus’. ‘Hubert Edelsten’ (illus. p.417) ACANTHACEAE yellowish-green leaves have finely toothed fading fronds. Propagate by spores in late
has yellow-throated, pale lilac flowers, the Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs margins and are striped lengthwise with 2 summer.
outer segments of which are white-tipped, and shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers. coppery-fawn to buff bands. Small clusters C. crispa, illus. p.293.
centrally marked and feathered with rich Needs partial shade or full light and rich, of tubular, white flowers are produced
purple. subsp. sublimis f. tricolor
freely when in full growth, moderately at
from center of each rosette, usually in CRYPTOMERIA
(illus. p.417) has unusual flowers, divided summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Pink Starlight’
into 3 distinct bands of lilac, white and other times. For a strong branch system, (illus. p.471), H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE
golden yellow. cut back flowered growth by at least half in (35cm) or more, has green leaves striped See also CONIFERS.
C. ‘Snow Bunting’, illus. p.417. Spring- late winter. Propagate by seed in spring or yellowish-green, and heavily suffused deep C. japonica (Japanese cryptomeria). Fast-
flowering corm. Fragrant, long-tubed, by greenwood cuttings in late spring or pink. H11–10. growing, columnar to conical, open conifer.
funnel-shaped, white flowers have summer. Whitefly may be troublesome. C. bromelioides (Rainbow star). H 50–70ft (15–20m), S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has
mustard-yellow centers and orange C. infundibuliformis, syn. C. undulifolia. Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted soft, fibrous, red-brown bark, needlelike,
stigmas. Semierect, very narrow, basal Evergreen, erect to spreading, soft- perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in incurved, mid- to dark green leaves,
leaves are dark green with white, central stemmed shrub or subshrub. H to 3ft (1m), (35cm) or more. Strap-shaped, wavy, finely spirally arranged, and globular, brown
lines. Z3–8 H8–1. S 2ft (60cm). Has oval to lance-shaped, toothed, arching, mid- to bright green cones. Z6–9 H9–4. ‘Bandai-sugi’, H and
C. speciosus, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering glossy, deep green leaves and, in summer– leaves are produced in dense rosettes. S 6ft (2m), makes an irregularly rounded
corm. Produces lilac-blue to deep purple- fall or earlier, fan-shaped, salmon-red Occasionally bears clusters of tubular, shrub with foliage that turns bronze in
blue flowers, usually with a network of flowers in conical spikes, 4in (10cm) long. white flowers in center of each rosette, winter. ‘Cristata’ illus. p.104. ‘Elegans
darker veins and a much-divided, orange Z14–15 H12–1. usually in summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Tricolor’ Compacta’, H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 6ft (2m), is a
stigma. Leaves are produced in winter– C. nilotica. Evergreen, upright to has carmine-suffused, white-striped dwarf form. ‘Pyramidata’ illus. p.104.
spring. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Conqueror’ (illus. spreading, leafy shrub. H 12–24in (30– foliage. ‘Sekkan-sugi’, H 30ft (10m), S 10–12ft
p.417) has large, deep sky-blue flowers. 60cm), S to 14in (35cm). Has oval, pointed, C. zonatus. Evergreen, basal-rosetted (3–4m), has semi-pendulous branches and
‘Oxonian’ produces dark violet-blue rich green leaves. Small, tubular, apricot to perennial. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 12–16in light golden-cream foliage. ‘Spiralis’,
flowers with prominent, darker veining pale brick-red flowers, with spreading (30–40cm). Forms loose, flat rosettes of H and S 6–10ft (2–3m), forms a tree or
externally. petals, are borne in short spikes from strap-shaped, wavy, finely toothed, sepia- dense shrub with spirally twisted foliage
C. susianus. See C. angustifolius. spring to fall. Z14–15 H12–9. green leaves, cross-banded with gray-buff and is very slow-growing. ‘Vilmoriniana’,
C. tommasinianus. Spring-flowering C. undulifolia. See C. infundibuliformis. and with grayish-white scales beneath. H and S 3ft (1m), forms a globular mound
corm. H to 4in (10cm), S 1–3in (2.5–8cm). A cluster of tubular, white flowers is of yellow-green foliage that turns bronze in
Bears slender, long-tubed, funnel-shaped CROTALARIA produced in each rosette, usually in winter.
flowers, varying in color from lilac or
summer. Z15 H12–10. ‘Zebrinus’ produces C
purple to violet, sometimes with darker tips
Genus of evergreen shrubs, perennials and
silver-banded foliage. Z15 H11–10. CRYPTOSTEGIA
to petals and occasionally silver outside.
annuals, grown mainly for their flowers. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE
Naturalizes well. Z3–8 H8–1. f. albus has
Requires full light and well-drained soil. x CRYPTBERGIA Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
white flowers. ‘Ruby Giant’ (illus. p.417)
bears clusters of large, rich reddish-purple
Water container specimens freely when in BROMELIACEAE grown for their flowers. Needs fertile, well-
full growth, less at other times. For a more drained soil and full light. Water regularly
flowers. ‘Whitewell Purple’ has slender, Hybrid genus (Cryptanthus x Billbergia) of
compact habit, cut back old stems by half when in growth, less at other times. Stems
reddish-purple flowers. evergreen, rosette-forming perennials,
after flowering. Propagate by seed in require support. Spur back previous
C. tournefortii. Fall-flowering corm. grown for their foliage. Needs partial shade
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. season’s old flowering stems in spring.
Leaves appear at same time as 1 or 2 pale and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
Red spider mite may be troublesome. Propagate by seed in spring or by
lilac-blue flowers that open flattish to reveal moderately during the growing season,
C. agatiflora, illus. p.459. softwood cuttings in summer.
a much-divided, orange stigma and white sparingly in winter. Propagate by suckers
C. grandiflora (Rubber vine). Strong-
anthers. Requires a warm, sunny site. Z5–8 Crucianella stylosa. See Phuopsis or offsets in spring.
growing, evergreen, twining climber. H 30ft
H8–1. stylosa. x C. ‘Rubra’. Evergreen, clump-forming,
(10m) or more. Has oval, thick-textured,
C. vernus (Dutch crocus, Spring crocus). basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 6–12in
glossy leaves. Funnel-shaped, reddish to
Spring-flowering corm. H to 4in (10cm), (15–30cm). Loose rosettes comprise strap-
S 1–3in (2.5–8cm). Variable in color from
CRUSEA shaped, pointed, bronze-red leaves. Rarely,
lilac-purple flowers are borne in summer.
white to purple or violet and often striped RUBIACEAE small, tubular, white flowers are produced
T Stems yield a poisonous latex that may
cause severe discomfort if ingested. Z11
and feathered. Stigmas are large, frilly Genus of annuals and perennials, grown in rosette centers in summer. Z15 H12–10.
H12–10.
and orange or yellow. Is suitable for for their showy flowers. Needs partial to
naturalizing. Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. albiflorus full shade in moist but well-drained, rich CRYPTOCORYNE Cryptostemma calendulaceum. See
has small, white flowers, sometimes slightly soil. Propagate by seed in spring, by Arctotheca calendula.
marked or striped purple. ‘Jeanne d’Arc’ division in spring or summer or by cuttings
ARACEAE
has white flowers with a deep purple base. in summer. Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
‘Pickwick’ (illus. p.417) has pale, grayish- C. coccinea, illus. p.268. submerged water plants and marsh plants,
CTENANTHE
white flowers, with dark violet stripes and grown for their foliage. Is suitable for MARANTACEAE
purplish bases. ‘Prinses Juliana’ has tropical aquariums. Needs sun and rich
mid-purple flowers with darker veins.
CRYPTANTHUS soil. Remove fading foliage, and divide
Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials,
grown for their ornamental foliage.
‘Purpureus Grandiflorus’ has shiny, BROMELIACEAE plants periodically. Propagate by division in Requires a humid atmosphere, even
violet-purple flowers. ‘Queen of the Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming spring or summer. temperature and partial shade. Prefers
Blues’ (illus. p.417) has rich blue flowers perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs C. beckettii var. ciliata. See C. ciliata. moist but well-drained soil and soft water;
that have higher margins and a darker partial shade and well-drained soil, C. ciliata, syn. C. beckettii var. ciliata. do not allow to dry completely. Propagate
base. ‘Remembrance’ (illus. p.417) has preferably mixed with sphagnum moss. Semievergreen, perennial, submerged by division in spring.
shiny, violet flowers. ‘Vanguard’, a very Water moderately in the growing season, water plant. S6in (15cm). Lance-shaped, C. lubbersiana. Evergreen, clump-
early cultivar, has bluish-lilac flowers, paler sparingly at other times. Propagate by deep green leaves have paler midribs. forming, bushy perennial. H and S to 30in
and silvered outside. offsets or suckers in late spring. Small, hooded, fringed, purplish spathes (75cm) or more. Long-stalked, lance-
C. ‘Zephyr’. Fall-flowering corm. Bears C. acaulis (Green earth star). Evergreen, are produced intermittently at base of shaped, sharply pointed leaves are 10in
very pale silver-blue flowers, veined darker, clump-forming, basal-rosetted perennial. plant. Z10–11 H12–10. (25cm) long, green above, irregularly
each with a yellow throat and white H to 4in (10cm), S 6–12in (15–30cm). Loose, C. spiralis. Semievergreen, perennial, marked and striped with pale yellowish- 553
anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. flat rosettes of lance-shaped to narrowly submerged water plant. S6in (15cm). Small, green, and pale greenish-yellow below.
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CUNNINGHAMIA
Intermittently bears dense, one-sided C. glabra. See C. arizonica var. glabra. moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
spikes of many small, 3-petaled, white C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa, Mexican by softwood cuttings in spring or by seed CYCAS
flowers. Z15 H12–10. cypress). Conical conifer. H 70ft (20m), in fall. CYCADACEAE
C. oppenheimiana, syn. Calathea S 15–25ft (5–8m). Has fissured bark and C. lobatus. Prostrate perennial. H 3/4in
Genus of slow-growing, evergreen, woody-
oppenheimiana. Robust, evergreen, bushy spreading, spirally arranged sprays of (2cm), S 8in (20cm). Branched stems are
stemmed perennials, grown for their palm-
perennial. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Lance- scalelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves. clothed in small, wedge-shaped, dull green
like appearance. Prefers a position in full
shaped, leathery leaves are 1ft (30cm) or Bears small, globular cones that are leaves. In late summer, each stem bears a
light and rich, well-drained soil. Water
more long, red below, dark green above glaucous blue when young, ripening to funnel-shaped, blue flower. Z6–7 H7–6.
container specimens moderately when in
with pale green or white bands along veins glossy brown. Z9–10 H10–8. f. albus illus. p.359.
full growth, less at other times. Propagate
on either side of midribs. Dense, one-sided C. macrocarpa (Monterey cypress). Fast- C. microphyllus, illus. p.369.
in spring by seed or suckers taken from
spikes of many small, 3-petaled, white growing, evergreen conifer, columnar
mature plants.
when young, often wide-spreading with
flowers are borne intermittently. Z14–15
age. H 70ft (20m), S 20–80ft (6–25m). Bark is
CYANOTIS C. revoluta, illus. p.457.
H12–10. ‘Tricolor’ illus. p.465.
shallowly fissured. Scalelike, aromatic, COMMELINACEAE
Cudrania tricuspidata. See Maclura bright to dark green leaves are borne in Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials, CYCLAMEN
tricuspidata. plumelike sprays. Globular cones are grown for their foliage. Prefers a position PRIMULACEAE
glossy and brown. Z7–11 H11–7. in sun or partial shade, with rich, well-
Genus of tuberous perennials, some of
CUNNINGHAMIA ‘Goldcrest’ illus. p.104. drained soil. Propagate by tip cuttings from
which are occasionally evergreen, grown
C. sempervirens ‘Stricta’, illus. p.102. spring to fall.
TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE for their pendent flowers, each with 5
C. torulosa ‘Cashmeriana’. See C. C. kewensis (Teddy-bear vine). Evergreen
See also CONIFERS. cashmeriana. reflexed petals and a mouth often stained
perennial forming rosettes with trailing
C. lanceolata, illus. p.100. with a darker color. Needs sun or partial
stems. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Clasping
shade and rich, well-drained soil. If grown
x CUPROCYPARIS the stem are 2 rows of overlapping, oval
in containers, in summer dry off tubers of
CUNONIA CUPRESSACEAE
leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, dark green above,
all except C. purpurascens (which is
purple with velvety, brown hairs below.
CUNONIACEAE evergreen and flowers in summer); repot in
T Contact with the foliage may aggravate Stalkless clusters of 3-petaled, purplish-
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering fall and water to restart growth. Propagate
skin allergies. See also CONIFERS. pink flowers are produced in axils of
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers by seed in late summer or fall. C. persicum
x C. leylandii, syn. x Cupressocyparis leaflike bracts almost all year round.
and overall appearance. Requires full light and its cultivars are susceptible to black
leylandii. ‘Harlequin’ is a very fast- Z13–15 H12–10.
and well-drained soil. Water container root rot. T All parts may cause severe
growing, columnar conifer with a conical C. somaliensis (Pussy ears) Evergreen,
plants moderately, less in winter. Pruning is discomfort if ingested.
tip. H 80–120ft (25–35m), S 12–15ft (4–5m). creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm),
tolerated. Propagate by seed in spring C. africanum, illus. p.424.
Gray-green foliage, with patches of clear S indefinite. Small, narrow, glossy, dark
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. C. alpinum, syn. C. trochopteranthum.
ivory-white, is held in plumelike sprays. green leaves, with white hairs, surround
C. capensis (African red alder). Spring-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4in
‘Leighton Green’ bears flattened sprays stems. Has purplish-blue flowers in leaf
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Bears rounded or
of paired, scalelike, rich green leaves and axils in winter–spring. Z13–15 H12–10.
rounded tree. H and S 30–50ft (10–15m), globular, glossy, dark brown cones. heart-shaped leaves, zoned with silver.
more in rich soil. Has lustrous, dark green ‘Robinson’s Gold’, H 50–70ft (15–20m), Produces musty-scented, pale carmine or
leaves, divided into pairs of lance-shaped, has bright golden leaves. ‘Castlewellan’,
CYATHEA white flowers, stained dark carmine at
SYN. ALSOPHILA, SPHAEROPTERIS mouths; petals are twisted and propeller-
serrated leaflets. Tiny, long-stamened, illus. p.99. ‘Haggerston Grey’, illus. p.95.
CYATHEACEAE shaped. Z8–9 H9–8.
C white flowers are produced in dense,
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4–5in (10–13cm) C. caucasicum. See C. coum subsp.
long, in late summer. Z10–11 H11–10.
CURCUMA Genus of evergreen tree ferns, grown for
caucasicum.
their foliage and overall appearance. Needs
ZINGIBERACEAE C. cilicium, illus. p.426.
a humid atmosphere, sun or partial shade
C. coum, illus. p.429. f. albissimum, syn.
CUPHEA Genus of herbaceous perennials, grown for and rich, moisture-retentive but well-
C. coum ‘Album’ illus. p.428. ‘Album’. See
their patterned leaves and showy bracts drained soil. Water container plants freely
LYTHRACEAE C. coum f. albissimum. subsp.
atop the flower spikes. The lower bracts in summer, moderately at other times.
Genus of annuals, perennials and caucasicum, syn. C. caucasicum is a
form pouches from which the flowers Propagate by spores in spring.
evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, grown winter-flowering, tuberous perennial. H to
emerge; the upper bracts are without C. australis, syn. Alsophila australis, illus.
for their flowers. Prefers full sun and 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm). Has heart-
flowers, but are larger and brightly colored p.452.
fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely when shaped, silver-patterned leaves and
or white. Needs partial shade and rich, C. medullaris (Black tree fern, Mamaku).
in full growth, moderately at other times. produces a succession of bright carmine
moist but well-drained soil. Keep Evergreen, upright tree fern with a slender,
Remove flowered shoots after flowering to flowers, each with a dark stain at the
completely dry in winter. Propagate by black trunk. H 22–52ft (7–16m), S 20–40ft
maintain a bushy habit. Propagate by seed mouth. Pewter Group illus. p.429.
division of rhizome in spring. (6–12m). Has arching fronds, to 22ft (7m)
in spring or by greenwood cuttings in Pewter Group ‘Maurice Dryden’ illus.
C. cordata. See C. zedoaria. long, divided into small, oblong, glossy,
spring or summer. Red spider mite may be C. petiolata, illus. p.477. Herbaceous, p.428.
dark green leaflets, paler beneath. Z10–11
troublesome. clump-forming perennial. H 48in (120cm), C. creticum. Spring-flowering, tuberous
H11–10.
C. cyanea, illus. p.162. S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly ovate, strongly perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
C. ignea, syn. C. platycentra, illus. p.308. ribbed, mid-green leaves, 24in (60cm) long. Cyathodes colensoi. See Leucopogon Produces heart-shaped, dark green leaves,
C. platycentra. See C. ignea. In summer produces a spike, to 14in (35cm) colensoi. sometimes silver-patterned, and fragrant,
C. x purpurea ‘Firecracker’, illus. p.306. long, of lemon-yellow flowers and bright white flowers. Z6–9 H9–7.
C. cyprium. Fall-flowering, tuberous
x Cupressocyparis leylandii. See
pink upper bracts. H11–10. CYBISTAX perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2–4in (5–10cm).
C. zedoaria, syn. C. cordata (Zedoary),
x Cuprocyparis leylandii . BIGNONIACEAE Heart-shaped, toothed, dark green leaves,
illus. p.477. Herbaceous, clump-forming
perennial. H 60in (150cm), S 20in (50cm). Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their patterned with lighter green, are produced
CUPRESSUS Has ovate, ribbed, mid-green leaves, to spring flowers and for shade. Needs full with or just after fragrant, white flowers,
36in (90cm) long, with dark red stripes light and fertile, moist but well-drained soil. each with carmine marks around the
Cypress
on upper sides. In mid- to late spring Will not bloom when confined to a mouth. Z7–9 H9–7.
CUPRESSACEAE container. Young plants may be pruned to C. europaeum. See C. purpurascens.
bears a spike, 2–3in (5–8cm) long, of
See also CONIFERS. yellow flowers and pink to purple-red shape when leafless; otherwise pruning is C. fatrense. See C. purpurascens.
C. arizonica var. glabra, syn. C. glabra upper bracts. not required. Propagate by seed or air- C. graecum, illus. p.425.
(Arizona cypress, Smooth cypress). Conical layering in spring or by semiripe cuttings C. hederifolium, syn. C. neapolitanum,
conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 10–15ft Curtonus paniculatus. See Crocosmia in summer. illus. p.426. f. albiflorum illus. p.424.
(3–5m). Has smooth, flaking, reddish-purple paniculata. C. donnell-smithii, syn. Tabebuia C. libanoticum, illus. p.418.
bark and upright, spirally arranged sprays donnell-smithii. Fairly fast-growing, C. mirabile, illus. p.425.
of scalelike, aromatic, glaucous blue-gray deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 30ft (10m)
CYANANTHUS C. neapolitanum. See C. hederifolium.
leaves that are flecked with white resin. or more. Leaves have 5–7 oval leaflets, 2– C. persicum, illus. p.429. ‘Esmeralda’ is
Globular cones are chocolate-brown. Z6–9 CAMPANULACEAE 8in (5–20cm) long. Bell-shaped, 5-lobed, a winter-flowering tuberous perennial.
H9–2. Genus of late summer-flowering bright yellow flowers are produced, often H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has
554 C. cashmeriana, syn. C. torulosa perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls in great profusion, in spring before the heart-shaped, silver-patterned leaves and
‘Cashmeriana’, illus. p.95. and troughs. Needs partial shade and rich, leaves. Z14–15 H12–10. fragrant, broad-petaled, carmine-red
CYPRIPEDIUM
flowers. Z13–15 H6–1. Halios Series, ivy-shaped, pale green leaves and, in are narrowly oval, to 24in (60cm) long. C. alternifolius of gardens. See C.
H 12in (30cm), S 7in (18cm), has blunt- summer, masses of tiny, tubular, spurred, Requires partial shade in summer. Z14–15 involucratus.
toothed, dark green leaves with silver sometimes purple-tinted, white flowers. H12–6. C. diffusus of gardens. See C. albostriatus.
marbling and produces a succession of Z4–8 H8–1. C. Strathdon gx ‘Cooksbridge Noel’. C. elegans of gardens. See C. albostriatus.
white, pink, scarlet, lilac or purple flowers Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool C. flabelliformis. See C. involucratus.
in late summer or fall. Z13–15 H6–1. Kaori greenhouse. H 3ft (1m). Sprays of rich pink C. involucratus, syn. C. alternifolius, C.
Series produces flowers in a wide range of
CYMBIDIUM flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with red-spotted, flabelliformis, illus. p.478.
colors in winter. Z13–15 H6–1. ‘Pearl ORCHIDACEAE yellow-tinged lips, are produced in winter. C. isocladus of gardens. See C. papyrus
Wave’, S4–6in (10–15cm), has leaves T Contact with the foliage may aggravate Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) ‘Nanus’.
marked light and dark green and silver and skin allergies. See also ORCHIDS. long. Needs partial shade in summer. C. longus (Galingale). Deciduous,
in winter and spring produces slender, C. Caithness Ice gx ‘Trinity’, illus. Z14–15 H12–6. spreading, perennial sedge. H 5ft (1.5m),
deep pink flowers, with frilly-edged petals. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a C. Strathkanaid gx, illus. p.467. S indefinite. Bears rough-edged, glossy,
Z13–15 H6–1. ‘Renown’, S4–6in (10–15cm), cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Sprays of Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool dark green leaves and, in summer, umbels
has silver-green leaves, each with a central, green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, each with greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). In spring of narrow, flattened, milk-chocolate-
dark green mark, and produces slender, a red-marked, white lip, are borne in early bears arching spikes of deep red flowers, colored spikelets that keep their color well.
scarlet flowers in winter–spring. Z13–15 spring. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in 2in (5cm) across. Lips are white, marked Tolerates its roots in water. Z3–11 H11–1.
H6–1. ‘Scentsation’, H 6in (15cm), bears (60cm) long. Needs a position in partial deep red. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in C. papyrus, illus. p.478. ‘Nanus’, syn. C.
strongly scented flowers in pink, carmine- shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. (60cm) long. Requires partial shade in isocladus is an evergreen, spreading,
red or crimson from early winter to early C. Christmas Angel gx ‘Cooksbridge summer. H11–1. perennial sedge with a red rhizome; it is
spring. Z13–15 H6–1. Sunburst’. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid C. tracyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic a dwarf variant of the species, sometimes
C. pseudibericum. Spring-flowering, for a cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 30in considered distinct, and is often grown
tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in winter produces sprays of yellow flowers, (75cm). In fall produces long spikes under misapplied names. H 32in (80cm),
(10–15cm). Has heart-shaped, toothed 4in (10cm) across and with red-spotted lips. of fragrant, olive-green flowers, 3in S indefinite. Triangular, leafless stems bear
leaves patterned with silvery- and dark Narrowly oval leaves are up to 24in (60cm) (8cm) across, overlaid with reddish dots umbels of brown spikelets, on stalks 3–4in
green zones. Flowers are deep carmine- long. Grow in partial shade in summer. and dashes. Has narrowly oval leaves, (8–10cm) long, in summer. Z13–15 H12–6.
purple with darker, basal stains and white- Z12–15 H12–6. to 24in (60cm) long. Needs partial shade
in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. Cyphomandra betacea. See Solanum
rimmed mouths. Z8–9 H9–8. C. devonianum. Evergreen, epiphytic betaceum.
C. purpurascens, syn. C. europaeum, C. orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 24in Cyphomandra crassicaulis. See
fatrense, illus. p.422. (60cm). In early summer bears pendent CYNARA Solanum betaceum.
C. repandum. Spring-flowering, tuberous spikes of olive-green flowers, 1in (2.5cm)
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10– wide, overlaid with purple and with purple
15cm). Has heart-shaped, jagged-toothed, lips. Has semi-rigid, broadly oval leaves, to Genus of architectural perennials, grown CYPHOSTEMMA
dark green leaves with lighter patterns. for their large heads of flowers. The plant
12in (30cm) long. Needs partial shade in VITACEAE
Bears fragrant, slender, reddish-purple summer. Z12–15 H12–6. described is grown both as a vegetable and
as a decorative border plant. Requires sun Genus of deciduous, perennial succulents
flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. C. elegans, syn. Cyperorchis elegans, illus.
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by with very thick, fleshy, almost woody
C. rohlfsianum, illus. p.426. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a
seed or division in spring. caudices and branches. Leaf undersides
C. trochopteranthum. See C. alpinum. cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Dense,
C. cardunculus, illus. p.216. often exude droplets of resin. Needs full
pendent sprays of fragrant, tubular, yellow sun and very well-drained soil. Keep dry in
Cyclobothra lutea. See Calochortus
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, are produced winter. Is difficult to grow. Propagate
barbatus.
in early summer. Has narrowly oval leaves, CYNOGLOSSUM by seed in spring. C
to 24in (60cm) long. Requires partial shade Hound’s tongue C. bainesii, syn. Cissus bainesii.
CYDONIA in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. BORAGINACEAE Deciduous, perennial succulent. H and
ROSACEAE C. grandiflorum. See C. hookerianum. S 24in (60cm). Has a thick, swollen, bottle-
C. hookerianum, syn. C. grandiflorum. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
Genus of one species of deciduous, spring- grown for their long flowering period from shaped trunk, often unbranched, covered
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool in peeling, papery, yellow bark. Fleshy,
flowering tree, grown for its flowers and late spring to early fall. Needs sun and fertile
greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In winter silvery-green leaves, with deeply serrated
fruits, which are used as a flavoring and for but not over-rich soil. Propagate by division
produces sprays of deep green flowers, 3in edges, are divided into 3 oval leaflets,
preserves. Grow against a south- or west- in spring or by seed in fall or spring.
(8cm) across, each with a hairy, brown- silver-haired when young. Bears tiny, cup-
facing wall at the limits of hardiness. C. amabile ‘Firmament’, illus. p.315.
spotted, creamy-white lip. Narrowly oval shaped, yellow-green flowers in summer,
Requires sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
leaves are up to 24in (60cm) long. Grow in then grapelike, red fruits. Z13–15 H12–10.
Propagate species by seed in fall, cultivars
by softwood cuttings in summer. Mildew,
partial shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. CYPELLA C. juttae, syn. Cissus juttae, illus. p.487.
C. King’s Loch gx ‘Cooksbridge’. IRIDACEAE
brown rot and fireblight are sometimes a
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
problem.
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). Sprays of green
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown CYPRIPEDIUM
C. oblonga (Common quince). Z5–9 H9–3. for their short-lived, iris-like flowers that Lady’s slipper
flowers, 2in (5cm) across and each with a
‘Lusitanica’ is a deciduous, spreading have 3 large, spreading outer petals and
purple-marked, white lip, open in spring. ORCHIDACEAE
tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Broadly oval, dark 3 small, incurved inner ones. May survive
Leaves are narrowly oval and up to 24in See also ORCHIDS.
green leaves are gray-felted beneath. Has a outdoors in marginal areas if planted near
(60cm) long. Provide partial shade C. acaule (Pink lady’s-slipper). Deciduous,
profusion of large, 5-petaled, pale pink a sunny wall. Needs full sun and well-
in summer. Z12–15 H12–6. terrestrial orchid. H to 16in (40cm).
flowers in late spring, followed by fragrant, drained soil. Lift bulbs when dormant;
C. Pontac gx ‘Mont Millais’. Evergreen, Yellowish-green or purple flowers, 11/2–
pear-shaped, deep yellow fruits. ‘Vranja’ partially dry off in winter. Propagate by
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. 21/2in (4–6cm) long, each with a pouched,
illus. p.88. seed in spring.
H 30in (75cm). In spring bears sprays of pink or white lip, are borne singly in
C. sinensis. See Pseudocydonia sinensis. C. herbertii, illus. p.412.
rich deep red flowers, 3in (8cm) across, spring–summer. Has broadly lance-shaped,
Cylindropuntia tunicata. See Opuntia edged and marked with white. Has Cyperorchis elegans. See Cymbidium pleated leaves, 4–12in (10–30cm) long.
tunicata. narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. elegans. Prefers partial shade. Z3–7 H7–1.
Needs partial shade in summer. Z14–15 C. calceolus. Deciduous, terrestrial
H12–6.
CYMBALARIA C. Portelet Bay gx, illus. p.466.
CYPERUS orchid. H 30in (75cm). In spring–summer
bears paired or solitary yellow-pouched,
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool CYPERACEAE purple flowers, 11_4–3in (3–7cm) long.
Genus of annuals, biennials and short- greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Red-lipped, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Broadly lance-shaped leaves, 2–8in
lived perennials, related to Linaria, grown white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne and SEDGES. (5–20cm) long, are arranged in a spiral up
for their tiny flowers on slender stems. in sprays in spring. Has narrowly oval C. albostriatus, syn. C. diffusus, C. stem. Stems and leaves are slightly hairy.
Is good for rock gardens, walls and leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Provide partial elegans. Evergreen, perennial sedge. H 24in Prefers partial shade. Z3–7 H7–1. var.
banks, but may be invasive. Needs shade shade in summer. H11–6. (60cm), S indefinite. Stem has prominently pubescens. See C. pubescens.
and moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall. C. Strathbraan gx. Evergreen, epiphytic veined, mid-green leaves and, in summer, C. macranthon. See C. macranthos.
Self-seeds readily. orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 24in up to 8 leaflike, green bracts surrounding a C. macranthos, syn. C. macranthon.
C. muralis (Ivy-leaved toadflax, (60cm). In spring produces slightly arching well-branched umbel of brown spikelets. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 20in
Kenilworth ivy). Spreading perennial. spikes of off-white flowers, 2in (5cm) Z10–11 H11–4. ‘Variegatus’ has white- (50cm). Pouched, violet or purplish-red 555
H 2in (5cm), S 5in (12cm). Bears small, across, with red marks on each lip. Leaves striped leaves and bracts. flowers, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) long, usually
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CYRILLA
D
borne singly, are produced in spring– shaped, grayish-green, basal leaves, C. demissus. See Chamaecytisus
summer. Stems and oval leaves, 11/2–3in twisted lengthwise. Produces a head of up demissus.
(4–7cm) long, are slightly hairy. Prefers to 12 pendent, tubular, red-and-yellow C. ‘Firefly’. Deciduous, bushy shrub with
partial shade. Z3–7 H7–1. flowers, 3in (7cm) long. Z10–11 H11–10. slender, arching shoots. H and S 5–6ft
C. pubescens, syn. C. calceolus var. C. parviflorus. See C. brachyscyphus. (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green leaves are
pubescens. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. C. purpureus. See C. elatus. oblong and have 3 tiny leaflets. Produces DABOECIA
H 30in (75cm). Has large, purple-marked, C. sanguineus. Clump-forming, summer- masses of yellow flowers, marked with red, Irish heath
greenish-yellow flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), from late spring to early summer. Z6–9
H9–6. ERICACEAE
long, in spring–summer. Large, broadly S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has semierect, strap-
lance-shaped leaves, 6–8in (15–20cm) long, shaped, bright green, basal leaves. Sturdy C. x kewensis. Deciduous, arching shrub. See also HEATHERS.
are arranged in a spiral up stem. Stems and stem bears 1 or 2 long-tubed, scarlet H 1ft (30cm), S to 6ft (2m). Has leaves, each D. azorica (Azores heath). Evergreen,
leaves are hairy. Prefers partial shade. Z3–7 flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Z10–11 composed of 3 tiny leaflets, along downy compact shrub. H to 6in (15cm), S to 24in
H7–1. H11–10. stems. In late spring bears creamy-white (60cm). Lance-shaped leaves are dark
C. reginae, illus. p.466. Deciduous, flowers. Is good for a bank or large rock green above, silver-gray beneath. Urn-
terrestrial orchid. H to 3ft (1m). In spring– garden. Z6–8 H8–6. to bell-shaped, vivid red flowers are borne
summer, white flowers, 3/4–2in (2–5cm)
CYRTOMIUM C. leucanthus. See Chamaecytisus albus. in late spring or early summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
long, each with a pouched, white-streaked, DRYOPTERIDACEAE C. nigricans, syn. Lembotropis nigricans, D. cantabrica (Cantabrian heath, Irish
pink lip, are borne singly or in groups of Genus of evergreen ferns. Does best in illus. p.160. heath, St. Dabeoc’s heath). Evergreen,
2 or 3. Stem and oval leaves, 4–10in partial shade and rich, moist soil. Remove C. x praecox (Broom). ‘Allgold’ illus. straggling shrub. H to 18in (45cm), S 24in
(10–25cm) long, are hairy. Prefers partial fading fronds. Propagate by division in p.148. ‘Warminster’ illus. p.148. (60cm). Top growth may be damaged by
shade. Z2–7 H7–1. spring or summer or by spores in summer. C. purpureus. See Chamaecytisus frost and cold winds, but plants respond
C. Ulla Silkens gx, illus. p.256. C. falcatum, illus. p.291. purpureus. well to hard pruning and produce new
C. fortunei, syn. Phanerophlebia fortunei. C. racemosus of gardens. See Genista growth from base. Leaves are lance-shaped
Evergreen fern. H 24in (60cm), S 16in x spachiana.
CYRILLA C. scoparius (Scotch broom).
to oval, dark green above, silver-gray
(40cm). Has erect, dull, pale green fronds, beneath. Bears bell- to urn-shaped,
CYRILLACEAE 12–24in (30–60cm) long, with broadly f. andreanus, illus. p.162. subsp.
single or double, white, purple or mauve
Genus of one very variable species of sickle-shaped pinnae, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) long. maritimus, syn. C. scoparius var.
flowers from late spring to mid-fall. Z6–8
deciduous or evergreen shrub, grown for Z7–10 H10–7. prostratus is a decidous, prostrate shrub
H8–6. ‘Bicolor’ (illus. p.166) bears white,
its flowers in late summer and fall. Prefers forming dense mounds of interlocking
purple and striped flowers on the same
full sun and needs peaty, acidic soil. shoots. H 8in (20cm) S 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Small
CYSTOPTERIS gray-green leaves usually have 3 oblong
plant. ‘Praegerae’, H 14in (35cm), has
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. glowing, deep pink flowers. subsp.
C. racemiflora (Leatherwood). WOODSIACEAE leaflets, but may be reduced to a single
scotia. See D. x scotica.‘Snowdrift’
leaflet. Has masses of golden-yellow
Deciduous or evergreen, bushy shrub. Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for rock has bright green foliage and long racemes
flowers in late spring and early summer.
H and S 4ft (1.2m). Oblong, glossy, dark gardens. Prefers partial shade and soil that of large, white flowers.
Z6–8 H8–6. var. prostratus. See
green leaves redden in fall. Slender spires never dries out. Remove fronds as they D. x scotica, syn. D. cantabrica subsp.
C. scoparius subsp. maritimus.
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers are borne fade. Propagate by division in spring, by scotia. Evergreen, compact shrub. H to 6in
C. supinus. See Chamaecytisus supinus.
in late summer and fall. Z6–9 H9–5. spores in summer or by bulbils when (15cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Lance-shaped to
C. ‘Windlesham Ruby’. Deciduous,
available. oval leaves are dark green above, silver-
bushy shrub with slender, arching shoots.
C. bulbifera (Bulblet bladder fern).
C CYRTANTHUS Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm).
H and S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green gray beneath. Bears bell- to urn-shaped,
leaves have 3 oblong leaflets. Large, rich white, purple or mauve flowers from late
AMARYLLIDACEAE Broadly lance-shaped, much-divided,
red flowers are borne in profusion in late spring to mid-fall. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Jack
Genus of bulbs with brightly colored dainty, pale green fronds produce tiny
spring and early summer. Z7–9 H9–7. Drake’, H 8in (20cm), has small, dark
flowers, usually in summer. Requires full bulbils along their length. Propagate by
C. ‘Zeelandia’. Deciduous, bushy green leaves and ruby-colored flowers.
sun and free-draining, light soil. In frost- bulbils as soon as mature. Z4–8 H8–1.
shrub with slender, arching shoots. H and ‘Silverwells’ has small, bright green
free areas, may flower for much of the year. C. dickieana. Deciduous fern. H 6in
S 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Small, mid-green leaves leaves and large, white flowers. ‘William
Plant in spring. Water freely in the growing (15cm), S 9in (23cm). Has broadly lance-
have 3 oblong leaflets. Has masses of Buchanan’, H 18in (45cm), is a vigorous
season. Propagate by seed or offsets in shaped, divided, delicate, pale green
bicolored, creamy-white and lilac-pink cultivar with dark green leaves and deep
spring. fronds, with oblong, blunt, indented
flowers from late spring to early summer. purple flowers.
C. brachyscyphus, syn. C. parviflorus, pinnae, that arch downward. Z2–7 H7–1.
Z6–9 H9–6.
illus. p.423. C. fragilis (Brittle bladder fern).
C. breviflorus, syn. Anoiganthus Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm). DACTYLIS
breviflorus, Anoiganthus luteus. Clump- Broadly lance-shaped, pale green fronds GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
forming, summer-flowering bulb. H 8–12in are delicate and much divided into oblong,
(20–30cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has semierect, pointed, indented pinnae. Z4–8 H8–1.
and SEDGES.
narrowly strap-shaped, basal leaves.
D. glomerata. ‘Variegata’ is an
Leafless flower stem bears up to 6 funnel-
CYTISUS evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.
shaped, yellow flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm)
Broom H 3ft (1m), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Silver-
long. Prefers a warm, sheltered situation.
Z10–11 H11–10. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE striped, red-green leaves arise from tufted
C. elatus, syn. C. purpureus, Vallota Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs, rootstock. In summer bears panicles of
speciosa. Clump-forming, summer- grown for their abundant, pealike flowers. densely clustered, awned, purplish-green
flowering bulb. H 12–20in (30–50cm), Prefers full sun and fertile, but not over- spikelets. Z5–9 H9–5.
S 5–6in (12–15cm). Bears semierect, widely rich, well-drained soil. Resents being
strap-shaped, bright green, basal leaves. transplanted. Propagate species by DACTYLORHIZA
Sturdy stem produces a head of up to 5 semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
ORCHIDACEAE
widely funnel-shaped, scarlet flowers, 3–4in in fall, hybrids and cultivars by semiripe
(8–10cm) long. Makes an excellent house cuttings in late summer. Some species are See also ORCHIDS.
plant. Z8–10 H10–8. considered invasive; check with local D. elata, syn. Orchis elata (Marsh orchid).
C. mackenii. Clump-forming, summer- experts before planting. T All parts, Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 31/2ft
flowering bulb. H 12–16in (30–40cm), especially the seeds, may cause mild (1.1m). Spikes of pink or purple flowers,
1
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Bears semierect, strap- stomach upset if ingested. /2–3/4in (1–2cm) long, are borne in spring–
shaped, basal leaves. Leafless stems each C. albua. See Chamaecytisus albus. summer. Lance-shaped leaves, 6–10in (15–
bear an umbel of up to 10 fragrant, tubular, C. ardoinii. See C. ardoinoi. 25cm) long, are spotted with brownish-
white flowers, 2in (5cm) long and slightly C. ardoinoi, syn. C. ardoinii, illus. p.372. purple and arranged spirally on stem.
curved. Z11 H11–6. var. cooperi illus. C. battandieri, syn. Argyrocytisus Requires shade outdoors; keep pot plants
p.412. illus. p.412 battandieri, illus. p.116. partially shaded in summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
C. obliquus. Clump-forming, summer- C. x beanii, illus. p.335. D. foliosa, syn. D. maderensis, Orchis
556 flowering bulb. H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 5–6in C. canariensis of gardens. See Genista maderensis, illus. p.265.
(12–15cm). Bears semierect, widely strap- x spachiana. D. maderensis. See D. foliosa.
DAHLIA
Group 7 Produces dark purple leaves and open- D. ‘Coltness Gem’. Well-branched, erect,
DAHLIA Pompon dahlias; not exceeding 2in (5cm) centered, single, orange-blushed, golden bushy, tuberous perennial, grown as an
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE in diameter. flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 annual. H and S 18in (45cm). Has deeply
D. ‘Akita’ (illus. p. 398). Miscellaneous H11–1. lobed leaves and daisylike, single flower
Genus of bushy, summer- and fall-flowering,
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer D. ‘B.J. Beauty’ (illus. p.396). Medium- heads in many colors throughout summer
tuberous perennials, grown as bedding
and fall produces dark crimson to red flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), until fall frosts. Z9–11 H12–1.
plants or for their flower heads, which are
flowers, to 5in (13cm) across, with yellow S 2ft (60cm). Double, white flowers are D. ‘Comet’ (illus. p. 398). Anemone dahlia.
good for cutting or exhibition. Dwarf forms
centers. The reverses of the petals are borne on strong stems in summer–fall. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
are used for mass-planting and are also
tipped white. Z9–11 H11–1. Z9–11 H11–1. glossy, dark green. Dark red flowers are
suitable for containers. Needs a sunny
D. ‘Alva’s Supreme’ (illus. p. 398). Giant- D. ‘Black Narcissus’ (illus. p. 398). produced in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
position and well-drained soil. All apart
flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. D. ‘Cornel’ (illus. p.397). Small-flowered
from dwarf forms require staking. After
S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow flowers in H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces ball dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Deep
flowering, lift tubers and store in a frost-free
summer–fall. Is suitable for exhibition. intensely dark red blooms in summer–fall. maroon-red flowers are produced from
place; replant once all frost danger has
Z9–11 H11–1. Z9–11 H11–1. mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
passed. In frost-free areas, plants may be left
D. ‘Anniversary Ball’, syn. D. ‘Brookfield D. ‘Brian’s Dream’ (illus. p.397). D. ‘Cottesmore’. Medium-flowered
in ground as normal herbaceous perennials,
Enid’. Miniature ball dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia. water-lily dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
but they benefit from regular propagation to
maintain vigor. Propagate dwarf forms (60cm). Produces lilac and pink flowers in H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces (60cm). Produces purplish-pink flowers,
by seed sown under glass in late winter, summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. creamy-white flowers with the tips of the with yellow shading at the petal bases,
others in spring by seed, basal shoot D. ‘Appetiser’. Small-flowered semi- petals suffused purplish-pink, in summer– in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
cuttings or division of tubers. Dahlias may cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Currant Cream’. Small ball dahlia.
be subject to attack by aphids, red spider Produces yellow-and-pink flowers in D. ‘Brookfield Enid’. See D. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall
mite and thrips. In recent years, powdery summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. ‘Anniversary Ball’. produces dark pink flowers with the pink-
mildew has become a problem in certain D. ‘Arabian Night’ (illus. p.397). Small- D. ‘Butterball’. Miniature-flowered and-white petal bases. Is good for cutting.
areas, and spraying is essential. Dahlias also flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), decorative dahlia. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Z9–11 H12–1.
succumb quickly to virus infection. See also S 11/2ft (50cm). Has dark green leaves. Produces bright yellow flowers in early D. Dahlietta Series ‘Surprise Kelly’,
feature panel pp.396–98. Double, dark burgundy-red flowers are summer. Z9–11 H12–1. illus. p.327.
borne in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Café au Lait’ (illus. p.396). Giant- D. ‘Dancing Queen’. Small-flowered
Border dahlias
D. ‘Aranka’. Collerette dahlia. H 4ft flowered decorative dahlia. H 36in (90cm), semi-cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
Prolific and long-flowering, various species
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers, S 24in (60cm). Cream flowers that merge (60cm). In summer–fall produces pink
of Dahlia have been hybridized and, with
with white-tipped, dark pink outer petals, into pale peach in centers are borne from flowers, with deeper pink centers. Petals
constant breeding and selection, have
white inner petals and yellow centers, in mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. are primrose-yellow at the bases. Z9–11
developed into many forms and have a
summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Cameo’. Small-flowered water-lily H12–1.
wide color range (although there is no
D. ‘Autumn Fairy’. Miniature-flowered dahlia. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Cream D. ‘Dandy’, illus. p.327.
blue). Shoots may be stopped, or pinched
semi-cactus dahlia. H 16in (40cm), S 12in flowers, with yellow bases, are produced D. ‘Davenport Sunlight’. Medium-
out, to promote vigorous growth and
(30cm). Soft orange flowers, with darker from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
a bushy shape. Spread measurements
centers, are produced from mid-summer D. ‘Candy Cupid’. Miniature ball dahlia. S 2ft (60cm). Has bright yellow flowers
depend on the amount of stopping carried
to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer and in summer–fall. Is good for exhibition.
out and the time at which it is done: early
D. ‘Avoca Cree’. Small-flowered semi- fall bears lavender-pink flowers that are Z9–11 H12–1.
stopping encourages a broader shape,
cactus dahlia. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Deborah’s Kiwi’. Small-flowered
stopping later in the growing season
results in a taller plant with much less Produces masses of bright orange flowers D. ‘Carolina Moon’ (illus. p.397). Small- cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). D
in summer–fall. Is good for cutting. Z9–11 flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Produces pink flowers, with white bases to
spread, even in the same cultivar. Leaves
H12–1. S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-edged, white flowers the petals, in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
are generally mid-green and divided into
D. ‘Avoca Kiowa’. Small-flowered semi- are produced from mid-summer to fall. D. ‘Demi Schneider’. Collerette dahlia.
oval leaflets, some with rounded tips and
cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Z9–11 H11–1. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall
some with toothed margins. Each flower
Produces masses of lavender-tipped, pale D. ‘Charlie Dimmock’ (illus. p. 398). produces single, red flowers with yellow
head is referred to horticulturally as a
yellow flowers in summer–fall. Is good for Small-flowered water-lily dahlia. H 51/2ft centers. Z9–11 H12–1.
flower, even though it does in fact comprise
cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. (1.6m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces apricot D. ‘Downham Royal’. Miniature-
a large number of individual flowers. This
horticultural usage has been followed in D. ‘Barry Williams’. Medium-flowered flowers on a pale yellow ground, in flowered ball dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
the descriptions below. All forms with decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. (60cm). Produces deep claret-red flowers
flower heads to 6in (15cm) across are Bears pink-and-yellow flowers in summer– D. ‘Chat Noir’. Medium-flowered semi- from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
suitable for cutting; those suitable for fall. Z9–11 H12–1. cactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Dutch Triumph’. Large-flowered
exhibition are so noted. D. ‘Berwick Wood’ (illus. p.397). Produces deep reddish-black flowers water-lily dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
Medium-flowered decorative dahlia. from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. (60cm). Bears yellow-pink flowers in
Groups and flower sizes D. ‘Cherokee Beauty’. Giant-flowered summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall
Dahlias are divided into groups, according
produces dark-centered, purple flowers on decorative dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 24–32in D. ‘East Anglian’. Small-flowered
to the size and type of their flower heads,
strong stems. Z9–11 H11–1. (60–80cm). In summer–fall has pink flowers. decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
although the latter may vary in color
D. ‘Bicentenary’. Medium-flowered Z9–11 H12–1. Has orange-yellow flowers in summer–fall.
and shape depending on soil and weather
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Cherwell Skylark’. Small-flowered Z9–11 H12–1.
conditions. The groups are: (1) single;
In summer–fall produces dark orange semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 20–24in D. ‘Easter Sunday’. Collerette dahlia.
(2) anemone; (3) collerette; (4) water-lily;
flowers, fading to pale orange at the tips. (50–60cm). Bears orange-flushed, salmon- H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy,
(5) decorative; (6) ball; (7) pompon; (8) cactus;
Is good for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. pink blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. dark green. Flowers have white, inner and
(9) semi-cactus; (10) miscellaneous;
D. ‘Biddenham Sunset’ (illus. p. 398). D. ‘Chimborazo’ (illus. p. 398). Collerette outer petals and dark yellow centers, in
(11) fimbriated; (12) single orchid; (13) double
Small-flowered decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves summer–fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11
orchid. For illustrations and descriptions
(1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Orange-red flowers are glossy, dark green. Flowers have red, H12–1.
see p.396. Certain groups have been
are borne in mid-summer and fall. Z9–11 outer petals and yellow, inner petals, in D. ‘Ellen Huston’ (illus. p. 398). Dwarf
subdivided; flower sizes are as follows:
H11–1. summer–fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 bedding dahlia. H 16in (40cm), S 18in
Groups 4, 5, 8 and 9 D. ‘Bishop of Auckland’ (illus. p.397). H11–1. (45cm). Has dark bronzed leaves and
A—giant-flowered; usually over 10in Single dahlia. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). D. ‘Clair de Lune’. Collerette dahlia. produces rich orange flowers from mid-
(25cm) in diameter. B—large-flowered; Produces matt, blackish-green leaves and H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Flowers have summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
usually 8–10in (20–25cm) in diameter. open-centered, single, dusky-red flowers lemon-yellow, outer petals and paler D. ‘Embrace’. Small-flowered cactus
C—medium-flowered; usually 6–8in from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. yellow, inner petals, in summer–fall. Is dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Pale
(15–20cm) in diameter. D—small-flowered; D. ‘Bishop of Llandaff’ (illus. p. 398). good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. orange flowers are borne from mid-
usually 4–6in (10–15cm) in diameter. Miscellaneous dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 18in D. coccinea (illus. p.397). Tuberous-rooted summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
E—miniature-flowered; usually not (45cm). Has bronze-green leaves and herbaceous perennial. H 6–10ft (2–3m), D. ‘Eveline’ (illus. p.396). Small-flowered
exceeding 4in (10cm) in diameter. open-centered, semidouble, dark red S 3–6ft (1–2m). From summer to late fall decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
Group 6 flowers in summer–fall. Is excellent as produces sprays of single, yellow, orange- White flowers, with a touch of purple at the
A—small ball dahlias; usually 4–6in a bedding plant. Z9–11 H11–1. red, maroon or purple-red flowers, 2–3in centers and petal tips, are produced from
(10–15cm) in diameter. B—miniature ball D. ‘Bishop of York’ (illus. p. 398). Single (5–8cm) across. Is a parent of many garden mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. 557
dahlias; usually 2–4in (5–10cm) in diameter. dahlia. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). dahlias. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Fascination’. Dwarf miscellaneous
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DAHLIA
dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has flowers in summer–fall. Is good for D. ‘Jescot Julie’. Double orchid dahlia. D. ‘Marie Schnugg’. Single orchid
light purple flowers in summer–fall. Is exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has sparse, dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
useful for bedding. Z9–11 H12–1. D. HAPPY SINGLE FIRST LOVE (‘HS First mid-green foliage and orange-purple star-like, red flowers in summer–fall. Is
D. ‘Franz Kafka’ (illus. p.397). Miniature- Love’), illus. p. 398. Single dahlia. H 24in flowers, with purple-backed petals, in good as a border plant as well as for
flowered pompon dahlia. H 32in (80cm), (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces dark purple summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. cutting. Z9–11 H12–1.
S 22in (55cm). Produces lilac flowers from leaves. Peach flowers, with a central red D. ‘Jim Branigan’. Large-flowered semi- D. ‘Mark Hardwick’. Giant-flowered
mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. ring, are produced from mid-summer to cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft
D. ‘Fusion’. Small-flowered decorative fall. Z9–11 H11–1. Bright red flowers are held well above (60cm). Bears bright, deep yellow flowers,
dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). In D. HAPPY SINGLE JULIET (‘HS Juliet’). the foliage in summer–fall. Is good for on strong stems, in summer–fall. Is good
summer–fall produces white flowers, Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
the outer petals flushed pale pink, the Produces fuchsia-pink flowers, from mid- D. ‘Julie One’. Double orchid dahlia. D. ‘Mary Richards’. Small-flowered
inner petals veined purple-violet. summer to fall, and dark purple leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Has bronze-tinged, dark green foliage. Z9–11 H12–1. produces bronze-purple flowers. Is good In summer–fall produces white flowers
Z9–11 H12–1. D. HAPPY SINGLE KISS (‘HS Kiss’). for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. strongly suffused lavender-pink. Z9–11
D. ‘Gallery Art Deco’. Miniature- Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). D. ‘Jura’ (illus. p.396). Small-flowered H12–1.
flowered decorative dahlia. H 12–18in Flowers with salmon-pink petals that blend semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft D. ‘Mermaid of Zennor’ (illus. p.397).
(30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces dark into yellow at the center with a dark brown (60cm). In summer–fall produces purple- Single dahlia. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).
green leaves and bears double, red- eye are produced from mid-summer to fall tipped, white flowers. Z9–11 H11–1. In summer–fall produces lavender flowers
centered, deep orange flowers from above dark purple foliage. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Kaiser Waltzer’. See D. ‘Kaiserwalzer’. above delicate foliage. Is good as a border
mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. HAPPY SINGLE ROMEO (‘HS Romeo’), D. ‘Kaiserwalzer’, syn. D. ‘Kaiser plant. Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Gallery Art Fair’, illus. p.298. illus. p.306. Waltzer’. Collerette dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), D. ‘Minley Carol’. Pompon dahlia.
D. ‘Gallery Art Nouveau’ (illus. p.397). D. HAPPY SINGLE WINK (‘HS Wink’), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers, with large, H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Pale orange
Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia. illus. p.311. Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), red outer petals and narrower, yellow inner flowers, with a hint of red at the petal tips,
H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 8in (20cm). From S 18in (45cm). Produces lilac-pink flowers, petals, in summer–fall. Is good as a border are produced from mid-summer to fall.
mid-summer to fall produces double, pink each with a central, red ring around a dark plant. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H12–1.
and purple flowers above dark green eye, from mid-summer to fall. Leaves are D. ‘Karma Amanda’. Small-flowered D. ‘Mi Wong’. Pompon dahlia. H 31/2ft
foliage. Z9–11 H11–1. dark purple. decorative dahlia. H 34in (85cm), S 24in (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears white flowers,
D. ‘Gateshead Festival’. See D. D. ‘Harvest Inflammation’, illus. p.414. (60cm). From mid-summer to fall produces suffused pink, in summer–fall. Is good for
‘Peach Melba’. D. ‘Hayley Jayne’. Small-flowered semi- white flowers with lilac petal tips and exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Gay Princess’. Small-flowered cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). darker lilac coloring extending towards D. ‘Moonfire’. Dwarf, single dahlia.
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers that are white at base the base. Z9–11 H12–1. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces
Produces lilac-lavender flowers in summer– with purple-red tips, in summer–fall. Is D. ‘Karma Choc’ (illus. p.397). Small- dark foliage before yellow-red flowers are
fall. Z9–11 H12–1. good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), produced in summer–fall. Is very good as
D. ‘Geerling’s Moonlight’. Medium- D. ‘Hexton Copper’ (illus. p. 398). Small S 2ft (60cm). Has black-green leaves. a container plant and in a border. Z9–11
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), ball dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In Velvety, dark maroon flowers are produced H12–1.
S 2ft (60cm). Produces brilliant yellow summer–fall has orange flowers. Z9–11 from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Moonglow’ (illus. p. 398). Large-
flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. H11–1. D. ‘Kathryn’s Cupid’. Miniature ball flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft (1m),
D. ‘Gerrie Hoek’ (illus. p.397). Small- D. ‘Hillcrest Jessica’ (illus. p.397). Large- dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In S 2ft (60cm). Pale creamy-yellow flowers
flowered water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.25m), summer–fall produces peach flowers that are produced from mid-summer to fall.
D (60cm). Abundant, rose-pink flowers are S 2ft (60cm). Bears red-purple flowers in are good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H11–1.
borne on sturdy stems from mid-summer summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Kenora Sunset’. Medium-flowered D. ‘Moor Place’. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft
to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Hillcrest Royal’ (illus. p.386). semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy, dark
D. ‘Gilwood Terry G’. Small-flowered Medium-flowered cactus dahlia. H 31⁄2ft (60cm). Bears bicolored, brilliant red and green. Has red-purple flowers in summer–
semi-cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 3–4ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall has rich yellow blooms in summer–fall. Z9–11 fall. Is a good exhibition cultivar. Z9–11
(1–1.2m). Flowers have bronze-tinted, purple flowers, with incurving petals, held H12–1. H12–1.
orange outer petals and yellow inner on strong stems. D. ‘Kenora Superb’ (illus. p.398). Giant- D. ‘Mum’s Lipstick’. Fimbriated cactus
petals, borne in summer–fall. Is excellent D. ‘Hillcrest Ultra’. Small-flowered flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), dahlia. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright orange-and- red-tipped, yellow flowers in summer–fall.
D. ‘Giraffe’. Double orchid dahlia. H 3ft Produces flowers, with pink outer petals yellow flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 Z9–11 H12–1.
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall has and lemon-yellow inner petals, in summer– H11–1. D. ‘Nargold’. Medium-flowered semi-
spotted, yellow-bronze flowers. Is good fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Klondike’, syn. D. ‘Klondyke’. Large- cactus dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Honka’. Single orchid dahlia. H 3–4ft flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Produces rich orange flowers, with fringed
D. ‘Glorie van Heemstede’. Small- (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has masses of star- S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers in petals, from summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1.
flowered water-lily dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.35m), shaped, bright yellow flowers, with darker summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Natal’ (illus. p.397). Pompon dahlia.
S 2ft (60cm). Clear yellow flowers are yellow centers, in summer–fall. Is good for D. ‘Klondyke’. See D. ‘Klondike’. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Dark red flowers
produced on sturdy stems from mid- cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Lakeland Sunset’. Small-flowered are produced from mid-summer to fall.
summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘HS First Love’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE cactus dahlia. H 51/2ft (1.65m), S 2ft (60cm). Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Grenidor Pastelle’. Medium- FIRST LOVE. Bears yellow-orange flowers, with brighter D. ‘New Dimension’ (illus. p.397). Small-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), D. ‘HS Juliet’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE JULIET. yellow centers, in late summer–fall. Is good flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 30in (75cm),
S 2ft (60cm). Bears salmon-pink flowers, D. ‘HS Kiss’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE KISS. for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. S 16in (40cm). Produces light rose-pink
with cream petal bases, in summer–fall. D. ‘HS Romeo’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE D. ‘Lavender Athalie’. Small-flowered flowers, with pale yellow centers, from
Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. ROMEO. cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
D. ‘Gwyneth’. Small-flowered water-lily D. ‘HS Wink’. See D. HAPPY SINGLE WINK. glossy, dark green leaves and bears soft D. ‘Noreen’. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft (1m),
dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears D. ‘Jaldec Joker’. Small-flowered semi- lilac-lavender flowers in summer–fall. Is S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall produces
bronze-tinted, orange flowers in summer– cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. dark pinkish-purple flowers. Is good for
fall. Is good for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. summer–fall has bright orange-red flowers, D. ‘Lilac Marston’ (illus. p.397). exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Hamari Accord’ (illus. p. 398). Large- shading to yellow at the bases. Petals are Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia. D. ‘NZ’s Robert’. Miniature water-lily
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), tipped white. Z9–11 H12–1. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears warm lilac dahlia. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
S 2ft (60cm). Has clear yellow flowers held D. ‘Jeanette Carter’. Miniature-flowered flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 Produces red-pink flowers, with greeny-
on strong stems in summer–fall. Is good for decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft H11–1. yellow centers, in summer–fall. Is a good
exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. (60cm). Bears yellow flowers, sometimes D. ‘Lilac Time’. Medium-flowered container plant. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Hamari Gold’ (illus. p. 398). Giant- flushed pink in the centers, in summer–fall. decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘Onesta’. Small-flowered water-lily
flowered decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), Z9–11 H12–1. Produces white-edged, lilac flowers from dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
S 2ft (60cm). Has golden orange-bronze D. ‘Jean Fairs’. Miscellaneous dahlia. mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. masses of flowers, with dark pink inner
flowers in summer–fall. Is suitable for H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall D. ‘Mabel Ann’. Giant-flowered petals fading to pale pink outer petals, in
exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. produces semidouble, orange-yellow decorative dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). summer–fall. Is good for cutting. Z9–11
D. ‘Hamari Katrina’ (illus. p. 398). Large- flowers, the yellow outer petals strongly Apricot flowers, with pale yellow centers, H12–1.
558 flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), flushed orange, the inner petals orange- are produced from mid-summer to fall. D. ‘Onslow Renown’ (illus. p.398). Large-
S 2ft (60cm). Bears deep butter-yellow red. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H12–1. flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
DAPHNE
S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish-orange D. ‘Sascha’ (illus. p.397). Small-flowered H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bright scarlet
flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. water-lily dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). flowers, with yellow bases, are produced DANÄE
D. ‘Oosterbeck Remembered’ (illus. Bears bright purple-pink flowers, fading to from mid-summer to fall. Is good for LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
p. 398). Small-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. paler purple-pink towards the margins, in exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1.
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears dark summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Whale’s Rhonda’. Pompon dahlia.
with inconspicuous flowers, grown for its
orange flowers, with bright yellow inner D. ‘Shandy’. Small-flowered semi-cactus H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy,
flattened, leaflike shoots. Grows in sun or
petals, in summer–fall. Is good for cutting. dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). very dark green. In summer–fall has bright
shade and in moist soil. Propagate by seed
Z9–11 H11–1. Produces pale orange-brown flowers purple flowers. Is good for exhibition.
in fall or by division from fall to spring.
D. ‘Orange Berger’s Record’. Medium- in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. racemosa (Alexandrian laurel).
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), D. ‘Shirley Alliance’. Small-flowered D. ‘White Alva’s’ (illus. p.396). Giant-
Evergreen, arching, dense shrub. H and
S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish-orange cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 3ft (1m). Has slender stems, lance-shaped,
flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. In summer–fall bears soft orange flowers S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers,
leaflike, glossy, green shoots and pointed,
D. ‘Park Princess’. Small-flowered with a gold base to each petal. Is good for held well above the foliage on strong
glossy, bright green “leaves.” Occasionally
cactus dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. stems, in summer–fall. Is good for
bears spherical, red berries. Z6–9 H9–2.
Pink flowers are borne in profusion from D. ‘Sir Alf Ramsey’. Giant-flowered exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1.
mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. decorative dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft D. ‘White Ballet’ (illus. p.396). Small-
D. ‘Peach Melba’, syn. D. ‘Gateshead (60cm). In summer–fall produces lavender- flowered water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), DAPHNE
Festival’. Small-flowered decorative dahlia. pink flowers, with white petal bases. Z9–11 S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers THYMELAEACEAE
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall H12–1. in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
bears peach to orange flowers with lemon- D. ‘Small World’ (illus. p.396). Pompon D. ‘White Klankstad’ (illus. p.396).
deciduous shrubs, grown for their usually
yellow petal bases. Is good for exhibition. dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are Small-flowered cactus dahlia. H 31/2–4ft
fragrant, tubular flowers, each with 4
Z9–11 H12–1. glossy, dark green. Has white flowers in (1.1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has glossy, dark
spreading lobes, and, in some species, for
D. ‘Pearl of Heemstede’. Small-flowered summer–fall. Is suitable for exhibition. green leaves and white flowers in summer–
their foliage or fruits (seeds are poisonous).
water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Z9–11 H11–1. fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1.
Dwarf species and cultivars are good for
Produces pale silvery-pink flowers on long, D. ‘Smokey O’. Medium-flowered semi- D. ‘White Moonlight’ (illus. p.396).
rock gardens. Most need full sun (although
thin stems in summer–fall. Is extremely cactus dahlia. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahlia.
D. alpina, D. arbuscula and D. blagayana
free-flowering. Z9–11 H12–1. Produces dark pink flowers in summer–fall. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). White flowers
may be grown in partial shade and D.
D. ‘Pink Jupiter’. Giant-flowered semi- Z9–11 H12–1. are produced on sturdy stems from mid-
laureola tolerates deep shade) and fertile,
cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). D. ‘So Dainty’ (illus. p. 398). Miniature- summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1.
well-drained but not over-dry soil. Resents
In summer–fall produces deep pinkish- flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), D. ‘Wootton Cupid’ (illus. p.397).
being transplanted. Propagate species by
mauve flowers. Is good for exhibition. S 2ft (60cm). Produces bronze-colored Miniature ball dahlia. H 31/2–4ft (1.1–1.2m),
seed when fresh or by semiripe cuttings
Z9–11 H12–1. flowers in summer–fall that are suitable S 2ft (60cm). Has pink flowers in summer–
in summer, cultivars by cuttings only.
D. ‘Pink Shirley Alliance’. Small- for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1.
Is susceptible to viruses that cause leaf
flowered cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), D. ‘Wootton Impact’, (illus. p. 398).
D. ‘Sorbet’ (illus. p.397). Medium- mottling. T All parts, including the seed,
S 2ft (60cm). Has soft lilac-pink flowers flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahlia.
are highly toxic if ingested, and contact
in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers, with H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has flowers in
with the sap may irritate skin.
D. ‘Pink Symbol’. Medium-flowered dark purple-red tips, from mid-summer to shades of bronze, held well above the
D. alpina (illus. p.333). Deciduous, erect
semi-cactus dahlia. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft fall. Z9–11 H11–1. foliage on strong stems, in summer–fall.
Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. shrub. H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm). Leaves
(60cm). Bears pink flowers in summer–fall. D. ‘Swanvale’. Small-flowered decorative are oval, downy and gray-green. Produces
Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears D. ‘Yellow Hammer’ (illus. p. 398).
Dwarf, single dahlia. H 18in (45cm), terminal clusters of fragrant, white flowers D
D. ‘Pontiac’. Small-flowered cactus yellow flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–1. in late spring. Is suitable for a rock garden.
dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are D. ‘Tiptoe’ (illus. p.397). Miniature- S 12in (30cm). Has rich yellow flowers
in summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. arbuscula, illus. p.351.
glossy, dark green. Bears dark pinkish- flowered decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), D. bholua. Evergreen, occasionally
S 2ft (60cm). Wine-red flowers, with white- D. ‘Yelno Enchanted’. See D. ‘Yelno
purple flowers in summer–fall. Z9–11 deciduous, upright shrub. H 6–12ft (2–4m),
Enchantment’.
H12–1. tipped petals, are borne from mid-summer S 5ft (1.5m). Has leathery, dark green
D. ‘Yelno Enchantment’, syn. D. ‘Yelno
D. ‘Pooh’. Collerette dahlia. H 3ft (1m), to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. foliage. Terminal clusters of richly fragrant,
Enchanted’. Small-flowered water-lily
S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow-tipped, D. ‘Trelyn Kiwi’ (illus. p.396). Small- purplish-pink and white flowers are borne
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears pale
scarlet flowers, with central, yellow collars, flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), in winter. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Jacqueline
pink flowers in summer–fall. Is good for
from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. S 2ft (60cm). Produces pink-flushed, white Postill’, illus. p.143.
cutting. Z9–11 H12–1.
D. ‘Preston Park’ (illus. p.398). Dwarf flowers, with darker pink central petals, in D. blagayana, illus. p.333.
D. ‘Yelno Firelight’. Small-flowered
single dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). summer–fall. Z9–11 H11–1. D. x burkwoodii ‘Somerset’, illus.
water-lily dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bedding plant with nearly black foliage. In D. ‘Trengrove Millennium’ (illus. p.146. ‘Somerset Variegated’ is a
In summer–fall has red and yellow flowers,
summer–fall bears bright scarlet flowers, p. 398). Medium-flowered decorative semievergreen, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),
with a neat petal formation, held on strong
with prominent yellow anthers, on short dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces S 3ft (1m). Bears dense clusters of very
stems. Z9–11 H12–1.
stems. Z9–11 H11–1. yellow flowers in summer–fall. Is suitable fragrant, white-throated, pink flowers in late
D. ‘Zorro’ (illus. p. 398). Giant-flowered
D. ‘Rhonda’. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft (1m), for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. spring, sometimes again in fall. Narrowly
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall produces D. ‘Tui Ruth’. Small-flowered semi-cactus oblong, gray-green leaves are edged with
Bears bright blood-red flowers in summer–
whitish-lilac flowers. Good for exhibition. dahlia. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). creamy-white or pale yellow. Z4–7 H7–1.
fall. Is good for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1.
Z9–11 H12–1. Produces pink-yellow flowers in summer– D. cneorum, illus. p.333. ‘Eximia’ is an
D. ‘Rip City’. Small-flowered semi-cactus fall. Z9–11 H12–1. evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),
dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces D. ‘Vicky Crutchfield’. Small-flowered DAIS S 20in (50cm) or more. Has small, oval,
maroon flowers, with darker maroon-black water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). THYMELAEACEAE leathery, dark green leaves and, in late
centers, from mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 Bears pink flowers in summer–fall. Is spring, terminal clusters of fragrant, white
H12–1. suitable for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. flowers, crimson outside and often pink-
shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall
D. ‘Roxy’ (illus. p.397). Single dahlia. D. ‘Vulkan’. Large-flowered semi-cactus flushed within.
appearance. Requires full sun and well-
H 18in (45cm), S 16in (40cm). Bedding plant dahlia. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Scarlet- D. collina. Evergreen, domed, compact
drained soil. Water container plants well
with magenta-purple flowers, borne from striped, yellow flowers are borne from shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Oval, dark
when in full growth, less when leafless.
mid-summer to fall, and dark green-black mid-summer to fall. Z9–11 H12–1. green leaves densely cover upright
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
leaves. Z9–11 H11–1. D. ‘Wanda’s Capella’. Giant-flowered branches. Has terminal clusters of small,
cuttings in summer.
D. ‘Ruskin Charlotte’ (illus. p.397). decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). fragrant, purple-rose flowers in late spring.
D. cotinifolia. Deciduous, bushy, neat
Large-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft Has bright yellow flowers in summer–fall. Is good for a rock garden or shrubbery.
shrub. H and S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has small,
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). Lavender-pink flowers, Is suitable for exhibition. Z9–11 H12–1. Z7–8 H8–7.
oval to oblong, lustrous leaves. In summer
with white bases, are produced from mid- D. ‘Weston Pirate’. Miniature-flowered D. genkwa (Lilac daphne). Deciduous,
bears scented, star-shaped, rose-lilac
summer to fall. Z9–11 H11–1. cactus dahlia. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 20–24in upright, open shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oval,
flowers in flattened clusters, 3in (8cm)
D. ‘Ryecroft Gem’ (illus. p.397). Miniature- (50–60cm). Produces prolific, semidouble, dark green leaves are bronze when young.
across. Bark yields fibers strong enough
flowered decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), dark red flowers in summer–fall. Is good Large, faintly scented, lilac flowers are borne
to be used as thread. Z10–11 H12–10.
S 2ft (60cm). In summer–fall produces violet- for cutting. Z9–11 H12–1. from mid- to late spring. Z6–9 H9–6.
margined, lavender-pink flowers. Is good D. ‘Weston Spanish Dancer’. Daiswa polyphylla. See Paris D. giraldii. Deciduous, upright shrub. 559
for exhibition. Z9–11 H11–1. Miniature-flowered cactus dahlia. polyphylla. H and S 2ft (60cm). Clusters of fragrant,
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DAPHNIPHYLLUM
golden-yellow flowers are produced amid D. citriodora. Evergreen, rounded, well- H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S to 18in (45cm). Wiry
oblong, pale blue-green leaves in late branched shrub. H and S 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m). DECUMARIA stems bear loose, branched spikes, 12in
spring and early summer and are followed Oblong to broadly lance-shaped, blue- HYDRANGEACEAE (30cm) long, of elf cap-shaped, single
by egg-shaped, red fruits. Z4–8 H8–1. green leaves are lemon-scented when flowers, 3⁄4in (2cm) or more across, with
Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody-
D. x hendersonii ‘Blackthorn Rose’, bruised. In spring produces pendent, spurs up to 11⁄4in (3cm) long, in early and
stemmed, root climbers. Prefers sun and
illus. p.334. terminal heads of usually 4 small, tubular, late summer.
loamy, well-drained soil that does not dry
D. jasminea, illus. p.350. yellow or red flowers, each surrounded by Elatum Group. Erect perennials with
out. Prune, if necessary, after flowering.
D. laureola (Spurge laurel). Evergreen, 2 red or yellowish bracts. Z9–11 H12–9. large, palmate leaves. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m),
Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer
bushy shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). S 24–36in (60–90cm). In summer, produce
or early fall.
Has oblong, dark green leaves. Slightly
DASYLIRION D. barbara (Wood vamp). Deciduous closely packed spikes, 16in–4ft (40cm–1.2m)
fragrant, pale green flowers are borne long, of regularly spaced, semidouble,
DRACAENACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has ovate to ovate-
from late winter to early spring, followed rarely fully double flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm)
oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. In
by spherical, black fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. Genus of evergreen, palm-like perennials, wide, in a range of colors from white to
summer produces rounded, terminal
subsp. philippi, illus. p.147. grown for their foliage and flowers. Male blue and purple, sometimes red-pink,
clusters, 5/8in (1.5cm) across, of small, white
D. mezereum (February daphne, and female flowers are produced on usually with contrasting eyes.
flowers each with a central “brush” of
Mezereon), illus. p.142. Deciduous, upright separate plants. Requires well-drained
white or creamy-white stamens. Z6–9 H9–6. Pacific Hybrids. Similar to Elatum Group
shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m). Very soil and a sunny position. Water freely
D. sinensis, illus. p.192. cultivars, but grown as annuals or
fragrant, purple or pink flowers clothe the when in full growth, sparingly at other
bare stems in late winter and early spring, times. Propagate by seed in spring. biennials. They produce short-lived, large,
followed by red fruits. Mature leaves are D. texanum (Green Texas spoon, Texas DEINANTHE semidouble flowers on spikes in early and
narrowly oval and dull gray-green. Z5–8 sotol). Evergreen, palm-like, woody- mid-summer.
HYDRANGEACEAE
H8–5. f. alba (February daphne) has white stemmed perennial. H 3ft (1m) or more, University Hybrids. Erect, branched
Genus of slow-growing perennials with
or creamy-white flowers and yellow fruits. S 10ft (3m). Has a rosette of narrow, herbaceous perennials with palmately
creeping, underground rootstocks. Is useful
D. odora (February daphne). Evergreen, drooping, green leaves, 2–3ft (60–90cm) lobed, mid-green leaves. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
for rock gardens and peat beds. Needs
bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval, long, with yellowish prickles along S to 18in (45cm). In summer, stems bear
shaded, moist soil. Propagate by division
glossy, dark green leaves and, from mid- margins. Stems, 15ft (5m) long, emerge loose, branched spikes of large, semidouble
in spring or by seed when fresh.
winter to early spring, very fragrant, deep from center of plant carrying dense, or double flowers in a range of colors in
D. bifida, illus. p.264.
purplish-pink-and-white flowers. Z7–9 narrow panicles of small, bell-shaped, shades of red, orange or pink. Plants need
D. caerulea. Slow-growing, mound-
H9–7. ‘Aureomarginata’, illus. p.164. whitish flowers in summer. Dry, 3-winged careful cultivation to succeed.
forming perennial. H 8in (20cm), S to 6in
D. petraea ‘Grandiflora’, illus. p.351. fruits develop in fall. Z9–11 H12–1. D. ‘Ailsa’. Elatum Group herbaceous
(15cm). Stems, each bearing a cluster of
D. retusa. See. D. tangutica Retusa Group. perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). In early to mid-
nodding, bowl-shaped, pale violet-blue
D. tangutica, syn. D. retusa. Evergreen, DAVALLIA flowers, rise above 3–4 oval, toothed summer produces semidouble, off-white
bushy shrub with sturdy shoots. H and or very pale grayish-white flowers, 21/2–3in
DAVALLIACEAE leaves in summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
S 3ft (1m). Narrowly oval, leathery leaves (6–7.5cm) across, with white eyes, on spikes
are dark green. Bears clusters of fragrant, Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, Delairea odorata. See Senecio 28–36in (70–90cm) long. Z3–8 H7–1.
white-flushed, purple-pink flowers from often epiphytic ferns, suitable for pots and mikanioides. D. ‘Alice Artindale’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
mid- to late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. Retusa baskets. Needs partial shade and fibrous, Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m).
Group, illus. p.146. moist, peaty soil. Cut off fading fronds
regularly. Propagate by division in spring
DELOSPERMA Produces neat, button-like, fully double,
Ice plant bicolor, rosy-mauve and sky-blue flowers,
D DAPHNIPHYLLUM or summer or by spores in summer. to 11/4in (3cm) across, on narrow spikes,
D. canariensis (Deer’s foot fern, Hare’s AIZOACEAE
20–24in (50–60cm) or more long, in early
DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE foot fern). Semievergreen fern. H and Genus of densely branched, trailing, to mid-summer. Z3–7 H8–3.
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, S 12in (30cm). Broadly lance-shaped, mid- perennial, sometimes shrubby succulents, D. ‘Anne Kenrick’. Elatum Group
grown for their habit and foliage. Male green fronds, with triangular pinnae, are some with tuberous roots. Requires full sun herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid-
and female flowers are borne on separate produced from a scaly, brown rootstock. and very well-drained soil. Propagate by summer produces semidouble, pale blue
plants. Needs a sheltered position in sun or Z10–11 H12–10. seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, with a pink
partial shade and deep, fertile, well-drained D. mariesii. Evergreen fern. H 6in (15cm), D. cooperi. Spreading, mat-forming, suffusion towards the central white eye,
but not too dry soil. Propagate by semiripe S 9in (23cm). Broadly triangular, delicately perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), borne on tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m)
cuttings in summer. divided, leathery, mid-green fronds are S indefinite. Has cylindrical, fleshy, long. Z3–8 H7–1.
D. himalaense subsp. macropodum. produced from a creeping, scaly, brown light green leaves, 2in (5cm) long, and, D. ‘Ann Woodfield’. Elatum Group
See D. macropodum. rootstock. Z9–11 H12–9. in mid- to late summer, solitary, daisylike, herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid-
D. macropodum, syn. D. himalaense magenta flowers. Z8–10 H10–8. summer produces semidouble, pale blue
subsp. macropodum, illus. p.111. DAVIDIA flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, suffused pale
CORNACEAE/NYSSACEAE DELPHINIUM mauve, on tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m) long.
DARMERA Genus of one species of deciduous, spring- RANUNCULACEAE
Z3–8 H7–1.
SYN. PELTIPHYLLUM D. ‘Atlantis’. Vigorous, Belladonna Group
and summer-flowering tree, grown for its Genus of perennials, biennials and annuals, herbaceous perennial. H 41/2ft (1.4m), S 20in
SAXIFRAGACEAE habit and showy, white bracts surrounding grown for their spikes of irregularly cup- (50cm). Produces spikes of mauve-flushed,
Genus of one species of perennial, grown insignificant flowers. Needs shelter from shaped, sometimes hooded, spurred flowers. deep blue flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across,
strong winds. Requires sun or partial shade Needs an open, sunny position and fertile or
for its unusual foliage. Makes fine marginal in mid-summer. Has dark green leaves.
and fertile, moist but well-drained soil. rich, well-drained soil. Tall cultivars need
water plants. Grows in sun or shade and Z3–8 H7–1.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in spring staking and ample feeding and watering in
requires moist soil. Propagate by division D. Black Knight Group. Short-lived,
or by seed when ripe in fall. spring and early summer. In spring, remove
in spring or by seed in fall or spring. Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial.
D. involucrata, illus. p.60. thin growths from well-established plants,
D. peltata, illus. p.438. H 5–51/2ft (1.5–1.7m). Produces semidouble,
leaving 5–7 strong shoots. If flower spikes black-eyed, purple to deep purple flowers,
DARWINIA DECAISNEA are removed after they fade, a second flush to 3in (8cm) across, on spikes, 2–3ft (60–
may be produced in late summer, provided 100cm), in early to mid-summer. Z3–8
Scent myrtle LARDIZABALACEAE
plants are fed and watered well. Propagate H7–1.
MYRTACEAE Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering species by seed in fall or spring; Belladonna
shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers and D. ‘Blue Dawn’. Elatum Group
Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering Group cultivars by division or basal cuttings herbaceous perennial. H 8ft (2.5m). In mid-
sausage-shaped fruits. Requires a sheltered,
shrubs, grown for their flowers and of young shoots in spring; Elatum Group summer, spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) long, bear
sunny situation and fertile soil that is not too
overall appearance. Needs full light cultivars by cuttings only. T All parts may pale blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) wide, with
dry. Propagate by seed in fall.
and moist, neutral to acid soil, not rich cause severe discomfort if ingested, and dark brown eyes. Z3–7 H7–1.
D. fargesii (illus. p.142). Deciduous, semi-
in nitrogen. Water moderately when in contact with foliage may irritate skin. See D. Blue Fountains Group. Short-lived,
arching, open shrub. H and S 20ft (6m).
full growth, sparingly at other times. also feature panel p.217. Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 5ft
Has blue-bloomed shoots and large, deep
Propagate by seed in spring or by For ease of reference, delphinium (1.5m). In early to mid-summer has
green leaves of paired leaflets. Racemes
semiripe cuttings in late summer. cultivars have been grouped as follows: variable, white-eyed, mid-blue flowers, to
of greenish flowers in early summer are
560 Is difficult to root and to grow in followed by pendent, sausage-shaped, Belladonna Group. Upright, branched 3in (7cm) across, on spikes 2–3ft (70–100cm)
a greenhouse. bluish fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. perennials with palmately lobed leaves. long. Z3–8 H7–1.
DELPHINIUM
D. ‘Blue Lagoon’. See D. ‘Langdon’s blue and mauve flowers, to 2in (5cm) D. ‘Giotto’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. ‘Mighty Atom’. Elatum Group
Blue Lagoon’. across, with deep brown eyes, in summer. perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–2m). In mid- herbaceous perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). In
D. ‘Blue Nile’. Elatum Group herbaceous Z3–8 H7–1. summer, spikes to 32in (80cm) long bear mid-summer has semidouble, mid-violet
perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). In mid- D. ‘Dora Larkan’. Elatum Group semidouble flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) wide, flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with violet-
summer has rich blue flowers, 21/2–3in herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- with deep purple inner sepals, dark blue marked, yellowish-brown eyes, on spikes
(6–7cm) across, with lightly blue-streaked, summer produces spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, outer sepals and light yellow-brown eyes. to 21/2ft (75cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1.
white eyes, on spikes to 34in (85cm) long. of deep mid-blue flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) Z3–8 H7–1. D. ‘Min’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
Z3–8 H7–1. across, with white eyes. Z3–8 H7–1. D. ‘Gordon Forsyth’. Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–2m).
D. ‘Bruce’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group D. ‘Dunsden Green’. Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- In mid-summer, tapering spikes, to 3ft (1m)
herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–7ft (1.7–2.2m). herbaceous perennial. H 41_2ft (1.3m). summer produces semidouble, amethyst- long, bear semidouble, pale lavender
In mid-summer, spikes to 4ft (1.2m) long Spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, of semidouble, purple blooms, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, flowers, to 33/4in (9.5cm) across, with deep
bear deep violet-purple flowers, to 3in lime-green-suffused, white flowers, to with violet-flecked, black eyes, on spikes lavender suffusions and veining, as well as
(8cm) across, silver-flushed towards centers 2in (5cm) across, with small, green eyes, 24–28in (60–70cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. dark brown eyes. Z3–7 H8–3.
and with dark brown eyes. Z3–7 H8–3. are produced in mid-summer. Z3–8 H7–1. D. grandiflorum, syn. D. chinense. Z3–8 D. ‘Nobility’. Elatum Group herbaceous
D. brunonianum. Upright herbaceous D. ‘Elizabeth Cook’ (illus. p.217). Elatum H7–1. ‘Blue Butterfly’ (illus. p.217) is a perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). Semidouble, deep
perennial. H and S to 8in (20cm). Hairy Group herbaceous perennial. H 5–51/2ft short-lived, erect herbaceous perennial, purple and dark mauve flowers, to 3in
stems bear rounded, 3- or 5-lobed leaves. (1.5–1.7m), S 11/2ft (50cm). In mid-summer usually grown as an annual. H 11/2ft (45cm), (7.5cm) across, with prominent, white eyes,
In early summer, flower stems each bears white flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, S 1ft (30cm). Has palmate, divided leaves. In are borne in mid-summer on spikes to
produce a spike, to 6in (15cm) long, of held in spires that gradually taper towards summer produces loose, branching spikes, 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 H7–1.
hooded, single, pale blue to purple flowers, the tips. Z3–7 H8–3. to 6in (15cm) long, of single, deep blue D. nudicaule, illus. p.340.
11/2in (4cm) wide, with short, black spurs. D. ‘Emily Hawkins’. Elatum Group flowers, 11⁄2in (3.5cm) wide. Is useful as D. ‘Olive Poppleton’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
Is good for a rock garden. Z3–7 H7–1. herbaceous perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m). a bedding plant. Z3–8 H8–1. Group herbaceous perennial. H 6–8ft
D. ‘Butterball’. Elatum Group Semidouble, purple-mauve flowers, to D. ‘Holly Cookland Wilkins’. Elatum (2–2.5m). Off-white flowers, 2–21/2in
herbaceous perennial. H 5–51/2ft (1.5–1.7m). 21/2in (6cm) across, with light yellowish- Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). (5–6cm) across, sometimes very faintly
In mid-summer bears cream-eyed, white brown eyes, are borne in mid-summer on Produces tapering spikes, 3ft (1m) long, of flushed pink and with fawn eyes, are borne
flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, overlaid with spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. semidouble, black-eyed, lavender flowers, on spikes to 3ft (1m) long in mid-summer.
very pale greenish-yellow, on spikes to D. ‘Fanfare’. Elatum Group herbaceous to 3in (7.5cm) across, in mid-summer. Z3–8 Z3–7 H8–3.
20in (50cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. perennial. H 6–7ft (2–2.2m). In mid-summer H7–1. D. ‘Pink Ruffles’. Elatum Group
D. ‘Can-Can’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group bears pale blue to silvery-mauve flowers, D. ‘Joan Edwards’. Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Fully
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.9m). In mid- 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, with white-and- herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid- double, shell-pink flowers, to 3in (7.5cm)
summer, spikes to 30in (75cm) long bear violet eyes, on spikes 2–21/2ft (60–75cm) summer, tapering spikes, 32–36in (80–90cm) across, are borne in mid-summer on spikes
fully double flowers, to 31/2in (9cm) across, long. Z3–7 H7–1. long, bear semidouble, vivid purplish-blue to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–8 H7–1.
the outer sepals margined dark blue, the D. ‘Fenella’. Elatum Group herbaceous flowers, 21/4–3in (5.5–7.5cm) across, D. ‘Red Caroline’ (illus. p.217). University
inner sepals purple-mauve with darker perennial. H 3–51/2ft (1–1.65m). Bears purple- becoming paler and purple striated Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 3ft (1m),
veining. Z3–7 H8–3. flushed, gentian-blue blooms, 2–21/2in towards the central, white eye. Z3–8 H7–1. S 1ft (30cm). Has large, palmate, soft green,
D. cardinale. Short-lived, upright (5–6cm) across, with black eyes, on spikes D. ‘Kennington Classic’. Elatum Group basal leaves. In summer produces spikes
herbaceous perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), to 3ft (1m) long in mid-summer. Z3–7 H7–1. herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). of flattish, bright red flowers. Z3–7 H8–3.
S 2ft (60cm). In summer has single, scarlet D. ‘Foxhill Nina’. Elatum Group Semidouble, rich cream flowers, to 3in D. x ruysii (Elatum Group delphinium
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide, with yellow eyes, herbaceous perennial. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears (8cm) across, with well-formed, yellow and D. nudicale). University Hybrids
on spikes, 12–18in (30–45cm) long, above semidouble, white-eyed, pale pink flowers, eyes, are borne in mid-summer on spikes herbaceous perennial. H 32–39in (80– D
palmate, finely divided leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, on spikes, to to 3ft (90cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. 100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has palmate, mid-
D. ‘Chelsea Star’. Elatum Group 2ft (60cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3–7 H7–1. D. ‘Langdon’s Blue Lagoon’, syn. D. green, basal leaves. In early summer
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). Has rich D. ‘Franjo Sahin’. Elatum Group ‘Blue Lagoon’. Elatum Group herbaceous produces loose branched spikes of cup-
deep violet flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- perennial. H 6ft (2m). Tapering spikes, to shaped flowers in shades of red and pink.
with white eyes, on spikes to 31/2ft (1.1m) summer, tapering spikes, to 31/2ft (1.1m) 36in (90cm) long, bear semidouble, pale Z3–7 H7–1. ‘Pink Sensation’ has slightly
long in mid-summer. Z3–7 H7–1. long, produce semidouble, purplish–mauve to mid-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, mauve-tinged, salmon-pink flowers.
D. chinense. See D. grandiflorum. flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, with black which are paler towards the center, with D. ‘Sandpiper’ (illus. p.217). Elatum
D. ‘Claire’. Elatum Group herbaceous eyes. Z3–7 H7–1. blue-specked, white eyes. Z3–7 H7–1. Group herbaceous perennial. H 3–5ft
perennial. H 41/2ft (1.4m). In mid-summer, D. ‘Galileo’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. ‘Langdon’s Royal Flush’ (illus. p.217). (1–1.5m). In mid-summer has semidouble,
semidouble, pale mauve-pink flowers, to perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In early and mid- Elatum Group herbaceous perennial. white flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) across, with
2in (5cm) across, with cream to pale brown summer, tapering spikes, to 32in (80cm) H 6ft (2m). In mid-summer has semidouble, dark creamy-brown eyes, on spikes to
eyes, are borne on spikes to 22in (55cm) long, bear semidouble, violet-blue blooms, magenta-pink flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) 21/2ft (75cm) long. Z3–7 H8–3.
long. Z3–8 H7–1. 3in (7cm) wide, paling slightly towards the across, on spikes to 34in (85cm) long; upper D. ‘Shimmer’. Elatum Group herbaceous
D. ‘Clifford Lass’. Elatum Group center, with brownish-black eyes. Z3–7 petals are a darker shade than lower ones. perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer
herbaceous perennial. H 41/2ft (1.3m). In H7–1. Z3–7 H7–1. produces semidouble, bright blue flowers,
mid-summer, spikes 32–36in (80–100cm) D. ‘Gemini’. Elatum Group herbaceous D. ‘Loch Leven’ (illus. p.217). Elatum 2–3in (5–7cm) across, with prominent,
long bear semidouble, dusky-pink flowers, perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer, Group herbaceous perennial. H to 5ft white eyes, on spikes to 32in (80cm) long.
to 3in (7.5cm) across, with white-tipped, spikes to 34in (85cm) long bear semidouble, (1.5m). Bears semidouble, mid-blue flowers, Z3–8 H7–1.
dark brown eyes. Z3–8 H7–1. pale violet flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, to 3in (7.5cm) across, with white eyes, D. ‘Spindrift’ (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
D. ‘Clifford Sky’. Elatum Group edged reddish-violet with dark black- on 3ft (1m) spikes in early to mid-summer. herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–2m).
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid- brown eyes, white near the center. Z3–7 H8–3. In early and mid-summer produces spikes,
summer bears semidouble, white-eyed, Z3–7 H7–1. D. ‘Lord Butler’. Elatum Group to 3ft (1m) long, of semidouble, pinkish-
sky-blue flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, D. ‘Gemma’. Elatum Group herbaceous herbaceous perennial. H 5–51/2ft (1.5–1.7m). purple flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across,
on spikes to 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 H7–1. perennial. H 6ft (2m). Semidouble, pale Produces semidouble, mid-blue flowers, to overlaid with pale blue and with creamy-
D. ‘Cliveden Beauty’ (illus. p.217). lavender flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across, 3in (7.5cm) across, lightly flushed with pale white eyes; towards centers, the pinkish-
Belladonna Group herbaceous perennial. with white eyes, are borne in mid-summer lilac and with blue-marked, white eyes, on purple becomes paler and the blue darker.
H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Produces sky-blue flowers, on spikes to 3ft (1m) long. Z3–8 H7–1. spikes to 30in (75cm) long. Z3–7 H9–1. Flower color varies according to different
3
/4–1in (2–3cm) across, on spikes 12in (30cm) D. ‘Gertrude Sahin’. Elatum Group D. ‘Lucia Sahin’ (illus. p.217). Elatum types of soil; on acid soil, flowers are
long from early to mid-summer. Z3–7 H8–3. herbaceous perennial. H 51/2–6ft (1.7–1.9m). Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). greenish. Z3–7 H8–3.
D. consolida. See Consolida ajacis. In mid-summer produces mid- to light blue In mid-summer, spikes to 36in (90cm) long D. ‘Strawberry Fair’. Elatum Group
D. ‘Conspicuous’. Elatum Group flowers, 3–31/2in (7.5–9.5cm) across, with bear semidouble, deep purple-pink flowers, herbaceous perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m).
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid- prominent, white eyes, on spikes to 3ft (1m) to 3in (7.5cm) across, with dark brown Has semidouble, white-eyed, mulberry-
summer produces semidouble, pale mauve long. Z3–8 H7–1. eyes. Z3–7 H8–3. pink flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, on
and blue flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, D. ‘Gillian Dallas’ (illus. p.217). Elatum D. ‘Michael Ayres’ (illus. p.217). Elatum spikes to 31in (78cm) long in mid-
with prominent dark eyes, in dense spikes Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). summer. Z3–7 H7–1.
to 2ft (60cm) long. Z3–7 H7–1. In mid-summer has spikes, to 3ft (90cm) In early and mid-summer, semidouble, D. ‘Sungleam’, illus. p.219.
D. ‘Crown Jewel’. Elatum Group long, of blue-violet flowers, to 3in (8cm) deep purple-blue flowers, to 21/2in (6cm) D. ‘Sunkissed’. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Spikes, across, with white eyes and violet flecks. across, with black-brown eyes, are borne herbaceous perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). In 561
to 34in (85cm) long, bear semidouble, pale Z3–7 H8–3. on spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3–7 H8–3. mid-summer, spikes to 32in (80cm) long
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DENDROBIUM
bear semidouble, cream flowers, to 23/4in produces large clusters of 5-petaled, pale sunny position and well-drained, slightly
(6.5cm) across, with canary-yellow eyes. DENDROCHILUM pink flowers. Leaves are oval, toothed and alkaline soil, except for D. pavonius, which
Z3–8 H7–1. ORCHIDACEAE mid-green. ‘Rosealind’, illus. p.153. prefers acid soil. Dead-heading of repeat-
D. tatsienense. Short-lived, upright D. gracilis, illus. p.145. flowering types is beneficial. Tall forms of
See also ORCHIDS.
herbaceous perennial. H 12in (30cm), D. ‘Joconde’. Deciduous, upright shrub. carnations and pinks have a loose habit
D. glumaceum (Hay-scented orchid).
S 2–4in (5–10cm). Loose spikes, to 6in H and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears 5-petaled, white and need staking. Propagate border
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
(15cm) long, of small-spurred, single, flowers, striped purple outside, in early carnations by layering in late summer,
greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). Pendent sprays
bright blue flowers, 1in (2.5cm) long, are summer. Oval, mid-green leaves have long other named forms by softwood cuttings in
of fragrant, pointed, orange-lipped,
borne in summer. Leaves are rounded to points. Z6–8 H8–6. early to mid-summer and species by seed
creamy-white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, are
oval and deeply cut. Is suitable for a rock D. longifolia. Deciduous, arching shrub. at any time. Is susceptible to rust, red
produced in fall. Narrowly oval leaves are
garden. Requires gritty soil. Z3–7 H7–1. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Large clusters of spider mite and virus infection through
6in (15cm) long. Requires partial shade in
D. ‘Tiddles’. Elatum Group herbaceous 5-petaled, deep pink flowers are produced aphids, but many cultivars are available
summer. Z14–15 H12–10.
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer, from early to mid-summer. Narrowly lance- from virus-free stock.
semidouble to almost double, grayish-violet shaped leaves are gray-green. Z7–8 H8–7. Carnations and pinks have narrowly
flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, with DENDROMECON ‘Veitchii’, illus. p.133. lance-shaped, silvery- or gray-green leaves,
brown eyes, are borne on spikes to 3ft PAPAVERACEAE D. x magnifica. Vigorous, deciduous, scattered up flower stems, which may coil
(90cm) long. Z3–8 H7–1. upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). outwards on carnations. They are divided
D. ‘Tiger Eye’. Elatum Group herbaceous Fully hardy. Produces dense clusters of into the following groups, all with
foliage and showy flowers. Plant against a
5-petaled, pure white flowers in early self-colored and bicolored cultivars.
perennial. H 51/2ft (1.7m). In mid-summer, sunny wall in cold areas. Requires full sun
summer. Leaves are narrowly oval and See also feature panel pp.266–67.
spikes 24–28in (60–70cm) long bear and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
bright green. Z6–8 H8–5. ‘Staphyleoides’, Carnations
semidouble, light violet flowers, 2–21/2in softwood cuttings in summer, by seed in
illus. p.132. Border carnations are annuals or
(5–6cm) across, with yellow-edged, brown fall or spring or by root cuttings in winter.
D. monbeigii, illus. p.149. evergreen perennials that flower prolifically
eyes. Z3–7 H7–1. D. rigida, illus. p.206.
D. ‘Mont Rose’, illus. p.152. once in mid-summer and are good for
Dendrathema. See Chrysanthemum. Dentaria enneaphyllos. See D. pulchra. Vigorous, deciduous, upright border decoration and cutting. Each stem
Dendrobenthamia capitata. See Cardamine enneaphyllos. shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling, bears 5 or more often scented, semidouble
Cornus capitata. Dentaria pentaphyllos. See Cardamine orange-brown bark and lance-shaped, dark or double flowers, to 3in (8cm) across;
pentaphyllos. green leaves. Slender, pendulous panicles picotee forms (with petals outlined in a
of 5-petaled, pink-tinged, white flowers
DENDROBIUM are borne in late spring and early summer.
darker color) are available. H 21⁄2–31⁄2ft
ORCHIDACEAE DESCHAMPSIA Z7–8 H8–7.

(75cm–1.1m), S to 1ft (30cm).
Hair grass D. x rosea, illus. p.146.
Perpetual-flowering carnations are
See also ORCHIDS.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE evergreen perennials that flower year-
D. aphyllum, syn. D. pierardii. Deciduous, D. scabra, illus. p.127. ‘Flore Pleno’. See
round if grown in a greenhouse, but more
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES D. scabra ‘Plena’. ‘Plena’, syn. D. scabra
prolifically in summer. They are normally
greenhouse. H to 24in (60cm). In early spring and SEDGES. ‘Flore Pleno’ is a deciduous, upright shrub.
grown for cut flowers: flower stems should
produces pairs of soft pink flowers, 11/2in D. cespitosa (Tufted hair grass, Tussock H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oval, dark
be disbudded, leaving one terminal bud
(4cm) across, with large, cream lips. Has oval grass). Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial green leaves set off dense, upright clusters
per stem. Fully double flowers, to 4in
leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Requires partial grass. H to 3ft (1m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). of double, white flowers, purplish-pink
(10cm) across, are usually unscented and
shade in summer. Is best grown hanging Has narrow, rough-edged, dark green outside, from early to mid-summer.
are often flecked or streaked. H 3–5ft
D from a bark slab. Z12–15 H12–10. leaves. In summer produces dainty, open D. setchuenensis var. corymbiflora.
(1–1.5m), S 1ft (30cm) or more.
panicles of tiny, pale brown spikelets that Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling,
D. chrysotoxum. Deciduous, epiphytic Spray forms are not disbudded so have
last well into winter. Tolerates sun and pale brown bark when mature. H 6ft (2m),
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. 5 or more flowers per stem, each 2–21⁄2in
shade. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Goldtau’, illus. p.289. S 5ft (1.5m). Small, 5-petaled, white flowers
H 24in (60cm). Trusses of cup-shaped, deep (5–6cm) across. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S to 1ft
are borne in broad clusters in early and
yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across and with (30cm).
mid-summer. Produces lance-shaped, long-
hairy, red-marked lips, are borne in spring. DESFONTAINIA pointed, gray-green leaves. Z6–8 H8–6. Malmaison carnations are evergreen
Oval leaves are 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Provide
DESFONTAINIACEAE/LOGANIACEAE perennials, derived from D. ‘Souvenir de la
full light in summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
Malmaison’. Grown under glass, they bear
D. infundibulum (illus. p.466). Evergreen,
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for DIANELLA large, double, scented flowers sporadically
their foliage and tubular flowers. Provide
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. Flax lily during the year. The flowers can reach up
shelter in cold areas. Needs some shade,
H 12in (30cm). In spring, stems each LILIACEAE/PHORMIACEAE to 5in (13cm) across. They are mostly self-
particularly in dry areas, and moist, peaty,
produce up to 6 pure white flowers, 3in colored, and tend to split their calyces.
preferably acid soil. Propagate by semiripe Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
(8cm) wide, with yellow-marked lips. Has H 20–28in (50–70cm), S 16in (40cm).
cuttings in summer. perennials. Is suitable outdoors only in
oval leaves, 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Needs
D. spinosa, illus. p.203. mild areas and elsewhere requires a cold Pinks
partial shade in summer. H11–1.
greenhouse or frame. Needs sun and well- Evergreen, clump-forming perennials,
D. Momozono gx ‘Princess’. Evergreen,
drained, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate DESMODIUM division or seed in spring.
grown for border decoration and cutting,
that in summer produce a succession of
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm) S 12in (30cm). LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE D. caerulea. Evergreen, tuft-forming basal shoots, each bearing 4–6 fragrant,
In spring, produces pairs of dark pink perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). In
Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs single to fully double flowers, 11⁄2–21⁄2in
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, fading to white summer has panicles of small, star-shaped,
and subshrubs, grown for their flowers. (3.5–6cm) across. H 12–18in (30–45cm),
in the centers, and with white and pink blue flowers, above grasslike leaves,
Needs full sun and well-drained soil. S 9–12in (23–30cm) or more.
marks on lips. Oblong leaves are 4in (10cm) Propagate by softwood cuttings in late followed by blue berries. Z9–10 H10–9.
long. Requires partial shade in summer. Old-fashioned pinks have a low,
spring or by seed in fall. May also be CASSA BLUE (‘Dbb03’), illus. p.283.
Z13–15 H12–10. spreading habit and produce masses of
divided in spring. D. tasmanica, illus. p.239.
D. nobile (illus. p.466). Deciduous, epiphytic flowers in one flowering period in mid-
D. elegans, syn. D. tiliifolium, illus. p.154.
orchid (often evergreen in cultivation) for a summer. Mule types (a border carnation
cool greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). Trusses of
D. tiliifolium. See D. elegans.
DIANTHUS crossed with a Sweet William) and laced
Carnation, Pink types (in which the central color extends as
delicate, rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
with prominent, maroon lips, are borne in
DEUTZIA CARYOPHYLLACEAE a loop around each petal) are available.
spring. Oval leaves are 2–3in (5–8cm) long. HYDRANGEACEAE Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, Modern pinks, obtained by crossing an
Requires partial shade in summer. H11–1. Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for mainly summer-flowering perennials, old-fashioned pink with a perpetual-
D. ‘Oriental Paradise’. Evergreen, their profuse, 5-petaled flowers. Needs annuals and biennials, grown for their flowering carnation, are more vigorous
epiphytic orchid. H 24in (60cm). White full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. mass of flowers, often scented, some of than old-fashioned pinks, and are repeat-
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with dark pink Plants benefit from regular thinning out which are excellent for cutting. Carnations flowering with 2 or 3 main flushes of
notches on petals and yellow-marked lips, of old shoots after flowering. Propagate and pinks (see below) are excellent for cut flowers in summer.
are borne in pairs in spring. Oblong leaves by softwood cuttings in summer. flowers and border decoration, the biennial Alpine pinks are evergreen species and
are 4in (10cm) long. Requires partial shade D. x elegantissima ‘Fasciculata’ D. barbatus is suitable for bedding and cultivars forming neat mat or cushion
562 in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. Deciduous, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft smaller, tuft-forming species and cultivars plants. They will grow at the edge of
D. pierardii. See D. aphyllum. (1.5m). From late spring to early summer are good for rock gardens. Needs an open, borders or in rock gardens, troughs or
DIANTHUS
alpine houses. In early summer, they bear D. ‘Clara’. Perpetual-flowering carnation. D. ‘Golden Cross’ (illus. p.267). Border D. ‘Mars’. Evergreen, tuft-forming
single, semidouble or double, often scented Fully double flowers are yellow with carnation. Produces bright yellow flowers perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small,
flowers. Foliage is gray-green. H 3–4in salmon flecks. Z5–9 H8–1. on short, stiff stems. Z5–9 H8–1. double, cherry-red flowers in summer.
(8–10cm), S 8in (20cm). D. ‘Constance Finnis’. See D. ‘Fair Folly’. D. ‘Gran’s Favourite’ (illus. p.266). Old- Bears a basal tuft of linear, gray-green
D. ‘A. J. Macself’. See D. ‘Dad’s Favourite’. D. ‘Coquette’, illus. p.266. Perpetual- fashioned pink. Bears fragrant, semidouble, leaves. Is good in a rock garden. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Albisola’. Perpetual-flowering flowering, spray carnation. Double, slightly white flowers with deep raspberry lacing. D. ‘Master Stuart’. Perennial border
carnation. Fully double flowers are clear purplish-red flowers have toothed, almost Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Has semidouble, white flowers
tangerine-orange. Z5–9 H8–1. white margins. Z5–9 H8–1. D. gratianopolitanus, syn. D. caesius, with scarlet stripes. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Aldridge Yellow’. Border carnation. D. ‘Cranmere Pool’, illus. p.266. Modern illus. p.363. D. microlepis, illus. p.366.
Semidouble flowers are clear yellow. Z5–9 pink. Double, pink-tinted, white flowers D. ‘Green Eyes’. See D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’. D. ‘Milky Way’ (illus. p.266). Perpetual-
H8–1. have crimson centers and a light fragrance. D. haematocalyx. Evergreen, tuft- flowering, spray carnation. Shallowly
D. ‘Alice’. Modern pink. Has clove- Z4–8 H8–1. forming perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 4in toothed, double, white flowers may be
scented, semidouble, ivory-white flowers, D. ‘Cream Sue’. Perpetual-flowering (10cm). Leaves are lance-shaped and slightly cream in the centers. Z4–8 H8–1.
each with a bold, crimson eye. Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Flowers are cream colored. usually glaucous. Bears 5-petaled, toothed, D. MISS PINKY. See D. ‘Valda Wyatt’.
D. alpinus, illus. p.364. Z5–9 H8–1. beige-backed, deep pink flowers on slender D. ‘Monica Wyatt’ (illus. p.267).
D. ‘Annabelle’, illus. p.364. D. ‘Crompton Princess’. Perpetual- stems in summer. Is suitable for a rock Modern pink. Fragrant, fringed, double,
D. armeria (Deptford pink). Evergreen, flowering carnation. Flowers are white. garden or scree. Z5–9 H9–5. deep pink flowers, with crimson centers,
tuft-forming perennial, sometimes grown Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Happiness’. Perennial border are borne over an unusually long season.
as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). D. ‘Dad’s Favourite’, syn. D. ‘A.J. carnation. Semidouble flowers are yellow, Z5–9 H8–1.
Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark green Macself’ (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned pink. striped scarlet-orange. Z5–9 H8–1. D. monspessulanus. Evergreen, mat-
leaves. In summer, tall stems each bear Bears scented, semidouble, white flowers D. ‘Haytor’. See D. ‘Haytor White’. forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4–6in
small, 5-petaled, cerise-pink flowers in with chocolate-brown lacing. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Haytor White’, syn. D. ‘Haytor’ (illus. (10–15cm). In summer, masses of strongly
small bunches. Is good for a rock garden D. deltoides. Evergreen, mat-forming, p.266). Modern pink. Fully double, white fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, pale
or bank. Z3–9 H9–1. basal-tufted perennial. H 6in (15cm), flowers, borne on strong stems, have a lavender flowers rise on slender stems
D. barbatus (Sweet William). S 12in (30cm). In summer, small, 5-petaled, good scent. Is widely grown, especially above short tufts of fine, grasslike leaves.
Roundabout Series (dwarf). Slow- white, pink or cerise flowers are borne to provide cut flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. Is good for a rock garden. Needs gritty soil.
growing, upright, bushy biennial. H 6in singly above tiny, lance-shaped leaves. Is D. ‘Hidcote’. Evergreen, tufted, compact Z5–9 H8–1.
(15cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has lance- good for a rock garden or bank. Trim back perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Bears a basal D. ‘Moulin Rouge’ (illus. p.267). Modern
shaped leaves. In early summer bears flat after flowering. Z3–10 H10–1. ‘Flashing tuft of linear, spiky, gray-green leaves and, pink. Has double, pink flowers with
heads of single and bicolored flowers in Light’. See D. deltoides ‘Leuchtfunk’. in summer, double, red flowers. Is suitable burgundy lacing, rich burgundy centers
shades of pink, red and white. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Leuchtfunk’, syn. D. deltoides ‘Flashing for a rock garden. Z5–9 H8–1. and a strong clove scent. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Becky Robinson’ (illus. p.266). Light’, illus. p.365. D. ‘Houndspool Ruby’, syn. D. ‘Ruby’, D. ‘Mrs. Sinkins’ (illus. p.266). Old-
Modern pink. Has strongly clove-scented, D. ‘Denis’. Modern pink. Strongly clove- D. ‘Ruby Doris’, illus. p.268. fashioned pink. Flowers are heavily scented,
double, rose-pink flowers laced and flecked scented, fully double, magenta flowers. D. ‘Ibiza’. Perpetual-flowering, spray fringed, fully double and white. Z5–9 H8–1.
with crimson. Z5–9 H9–5. Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Fully double flowers are shell- D. ‘Murcia’. Perpetual-flowering
D. ‘Bombardier’. Evergreen, tuft- D. Devon Series. Modern pink. Prolific, pink. Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Has fully double, deep golden-
forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has double-flowered, long-flowering, medium D. ‘Iceberg’. Modern pink. Fragrant yellow flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.
a basal tuft of linear, gray-green leaves and, to tall plants raised in Devon. Z5–9 H9–5. flowers are semidouble and pure white. D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’, syn. D. ‘Charles
in summer, small, double, scarlet flowers. ‘Devon Dove’ (illus. p.266) produces well- Has a somewhat looser habit than Musgrave’, D. ‘Green Eyes’ (illus. p.266).
Is good for a rock garden. Z5–9 H8–1. scented, pure white flowers with lacy tips. D. ‘Haytor White’. Z5–9 H8–1. Old-fashioned pink. Bears single, white D
D. ‘Bookham Fancy’. Border carnation. ‘Devon Wizard’ (illus. p.267) is vigorous, D. ‘Inchmery’ (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned, flowers with green eyes. Z5–9 H8–1.
Produces bright yellow flowers, margined and bears vibrant, well-scented, cerise- mule pink. Highly scented, double, pale D. myrtinervius, illus. p.364.
and flecked carmine-purple, on short, stiff purple flowers with deep red centers. pink flowers are borne above blue-green D. neglectus. See D. pavonius.
stems. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Doris’ (illus. p.266). Modern pink. Has leaves. Does well on heavy soil. Z4–9 H9–1. D. ‘Neon Star’ See D. Star Series
D. ‘Bookham Perfume’. Perennial compact growth and an abundance of D. ‘India Star’ See D. Star Series ‘Neon Star’.
border carnation. Has scented, semidouble, fragrant, semidouble, pale pink flowers, ‘India Star’. D. ‘Nina’. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
crimson flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. each with a salmon-red ring towards base D. ‘Joy’. Modern pink. Bears semidouble, Is one of the best crimson cultivars. Fully
D. ‘Bovey Belle’. Modern pink. Has clove- of flower. Is good for cutting. Z5–9 H8–1. pink flowers that are strongly scented and double flowers have smooth-edged petals.
scented, fully double, bright purple flowers D. ‘Duchess of Westminster’ (illus. good for cutting. Z5–9 H8–1. Z5–9 H8–1.
that are excellent for cutting. Z5–9 H8–1. p.266). Vigorous Malmaison carnation. D. ‘Kobusa’. See D. PIERROT. D. PASSION (‘WP Passion’), See D. Scent
D. ‘Brilliant Star’. See D. Star Series Bears salmon-pink flowers with stronger D. ‘La Bourbille’. See D. ‘La Bourboule’. First series ‘Passion’.
‘Brilliant Star’. calyces than most Malmaison carnations. D. ‘La Bourboule’, syn. D. ‘La Bourbille’, D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363.
D. ‘Brympton Red’. Old-fashioned pink. Z5–9 H8–1. illus. p.365. D. PIERROT (‘Kobusa’). Perpetual-
Flowers are single, bright crimson with D. ‘Emile Paré’. Old-fashioned, mule D. ‘Laced Monarch’. Modern pink. flowering carnation. Bears fully double,
deeper shading. Z5–9 H8–1. pink. Has clusters of semidouble, salmon- Double flowers are pink, laced with light rose-lavender flowers with purple-
D. caesius. See D. gratianopolitanus. pink flowers and, unusually for a pink, maroon-red. Z5–9 H8–1. edged petals. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. carthusianorum, illus. p.339. mid-green foliage. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Laced Prudence’. See D. ‘Prudence’. D. ‘Pike’s Pink’, illus. p.364.
D. CANDY FLOSS ‘Devon Flavia’, See D. ‘Eva Humphries’. Perennial border D. ‘Lady Madonna’ (illus. p.266). Modern D. ‘Pink Calypso’. See D. ‘Truly Yours’.
D. Scent First Series CANDY FLOSS. carnation. Has fragrant, semidouble pink. Double, white flowers have fringed D. ‘Pink Jewel’ (illus. p.267). Alpine pink.
D. ‘Charles Musgrave’. See flowers with white petals, each outlined petals, bright ruby centers and a powerful Has strongly scented, semidouble, pink
D. ‘Musgrave’s Pink’. in purple. Z5–9 H8–1. clove fragrance. Z4–8 H8–1. flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. chinensis (China pink, Indian pink). D. ‘Fair Folly’. syn. D. ‘Constance Finnis’. D. ‘Lavender Clove’. Vigorous border D. ‘Pixie Star’, illus. p.267.
Slow-growing, bushy annual. H and S 6–12in Modern pink. Flowers are single and carnation. Bears lavender-gray flowers on D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363.
(15–30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are pale or usually dusky-pink to dusky-purple with long stems. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Prado Mint’ (illus. p.267). Perpetual-
mid-green. Tubular, single or double flowers, 2 white splashes on each petal. Z5–9 H8–1. D. LILY THE PINK (‘WP05 Idare’), illus. flowering carnation. Double, pale
1in (2.5cm) or more wide and with open, D. ‘Feuerhexe’ (illus. p.267). Alpine pink. p.267. Modern pink. Fringed, double, vivid yellowish-green flowers have shallowly
spreading petals, in shades of pink, red or Strongly scented, fringed, single, magenta lavender-pink flowers have redder centers toothed margins. Z4–8 H8–1.
white, are produced in summer and early flowers are produced throughout summer. and a sweet, spicy fragrance. Is unusually D. ‘Prudence’, syn. D. ‘Laced Prudence’.
fall. Z9–11 H12–1. Baby Doll Series, illus. Has silvery-blue leaves. Z3–10 H10–1. vigorous. Z4–8 H8–1. Old-fashioned pink. Fragrant flowers
p.305. ‘Fire Carpet’, illus. p.307. D. ‘Forest Treasure’. Perennial border D. ‘Little Jock’, illus. p.363. are semidouble and pinkish-white with
Heddewigii Group, H 12in (30cm), has carnation. Has double, white flowers with D. ‘London Brocade’. Modern pink. Has purple lacing. Has a spreading habit.
flowers in mixed colors. Z5–9 H8–1. reddish-purple splashes on each petal. clove-scented, crimson-laced, pink flowers. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Christine Hough’. Perennial border Z5–9 H8–1. Z5–9 H8–1. D. ‘Queen of Sheba’ (illus. p.267). Old-
carnation. Semidouble, apricot flowers are D. ‘Freckles’. Compact modern pink. Has D. ‘London Delight’. Old-fashioned pink. fashioned pink. Has clove-scented, single,
overlaid and streaked with rose-pink. Z5–9 fully double flowers that are red-speckled Fragrant flowers are semidouble and white flowers laced and flaked with
H8–1. and dusky-pink. Z5–9 H8–1. lavender, laced with purple. Z5–9 H8–1. magenta-purple. Z5–8 H8–5.
D. ‘Christopher’. Modern pink. Produces D. ‘Fusilier’ (illus. p.267). Dwarf, modern D. ‘Manon’. Perpetual-flowering carnation. D. ‘Raggio di Sole’. Perpetual-flowering
lightly scented, fully double, bright salmon- pink. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant, single, rose-red Is one of the best deep pink cultivars with carnation. Fully double flowers are bright 563
red flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. flowers have blood-red eyes. Z4–8 H8–1. fully double flowers. Z5–9 H8–1. orange. Z5–9 H8–1.
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DIANTHUS
D. ‘Red Barrow’. Perpetual-flowering, D. ‘Tigré’. Perpetual-flowering carnation. D. vigilis. Prostrate perennial. H 12–16in drained soil, humid conditions and partial
spray carnation. Fully double, bright Has fully double, yellow flowers with a (30–40cm), S 24in (60cm). Pale green leaves shade. Propagate by division in spring or
scarlet flowers are borne in abundance. uniform, pinkish-purple stripe and edging are small, rounded and toothed. Upright by stem cuttings in summer.
Z5–9 H8–1. to each petal. Z5–9 H8–1. branchlets bear loose spikes of flattish, D. reginae, illus. p.473.
D. ‘Rose de Mai’ (illus. p.267). Old- D. ‘Tony’. Perpetual-flowering, spray outward-facing, pale pink flowers in
Dichromena colorata. See
fashioned, mule pink. Double, mauve-pink carnation. Fully double flowers are yellow summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
Rhynchospora colorata.
flowers have darker centers. Z4–9 H9–1. with red stripes. Z5–9 H8–1.
D. ‘Ruby’. See D. ‘Houndspool Ruby’. D. ‘Truly Yours’, syn. D. ‘Pink Calypso’.
DICENTRA
D. ‘Ruby Doris’. See D. ‘Houndspool Perpetual-flowering carnation. Fully double
Bleeding heart
DICKSONIA
Ruby’. flowers are a good pink. Z5–9 H8–1. DICKSONIACEAE
D. ‘Sam Barlow’. Old-fashioned pink. D. ‘Valda Wyatt’, syn. D. MISS PINKY, illus. PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE
p.267. Modern pink. Very fragrant flowers Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
Bears very fragrant, frilly, fully double, white Genus of perennials, grown for their
treelike ferns that resemble palms and that
flowers with brown centers. Z5–9 H8–1. are fully double and rose-lavender. Z5–9 sprays of pendent flowers. Most do best
are sometimes used to provide height in
D. ‘Sandra Neal’. Border carnation. Fully H8–1. in partial shade and rich, moist but well-
fern plantings. Needs partial shade and
double, golden-apricot flowers are flaked D. ‘Valencia’. Perpetual-flowering drained soil. Propagate by division when
rich, moist soil. Remove faded fronds
deep rose-pink. Z5–9 H8–1. carnation. Has fully double, orange blooms. dormant in late winter, species also by seed
regularly. Propagate by spores in summer.
D. Scent First Series. Modern pink. Z5–9 H8–1. in fall. T Contact with the foliage may
D. antarctica, illus. p.290.
Compact, repeat-flowering, strongly D. ‘Whatfield Magenta’. Alpine pink. aggravate skin allergies.
D. fibrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern
scented plants that tolerate extreme Fragrant, single, brilliant magenta flowers D. ‘Adrian Bloom’. Spreading, tuft-
(deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m),
weather conditions. Z5–9 H8–1. CANDY have paler throats. Has deep blue leaves. forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in
S to 12ft (4m). Sturdy trunks are crowned
FLOSS (‘Devon Flavia’), illus. p.266, Z3–8 H8–1. (30cm). Has sprays of pendent, heart-
by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance-
has highly scented, double, bright sugar- D. ‘White Ladies’ (illus. p.266). Old- shaped, rich carmine-pink flowers above
shaped, dark green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long.
pink flowers, with lacy tips and richer fashioned pink. Produces very fragrant, oval, gray-green leaves. Z4–8 H10–1.
Z9–10 H10–9.
pink centers. Z5–9 H9–5. PASSION fully double, white flowers with greenish D. cucullaria, illus. p.348.
D. squarrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern
(‘WP Passion’), illus. p.267, produces centers. Z5–9 H8–1. D. eximia of gardens. See D. formosa.
(deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m),
rounded, fragrant, double, bright red D. ‘Widecombe Fair’. Modern pink. D. formosa, syn. D. eximia of gardens
S to 12ft (4m). Slender trunks are crowned
flowers over an unusually long season. Semidouble flowers, borne on strong (Western bleeding heart). Spreading, tufted
by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance-
Z4–8 H8–1. TICKLED PINK (‘Devon stems, are of unusual coloring—peach- perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
shaped, mid-green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long,
PP 11’), illus. p.267, bears rounded, apricot, opening to blush-pink. Z5–9 H8–1. In spring–summer bears slender, arching
with blackish stalks and midribs. Z9–10
semidouble, fringed, deep lavender D. ‘WP05 Idare’. See D. LILY THE PINK. sprays of pendent, heart-shaped, pink
H10–9.
flowers, with a strong spicy scent, D. ‘WP Passion’. See D. Scent First or dull red flowers above oval, finely cut,
over a long season. Series PASSION. gray-green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
D. ‘Show Ideal’. Modern pink. Flat- D. peregrina. Tuft-forming perennial. DICTAMNUS
H 3in (8cm), S to 2in (5cm). Locket-shaped,
petaled, semidouble flowers are white
DIAPENSIA RUTACEAE
with red eyes and are strongly scented. pink flowers are borne in spring–summer
DIAPENSIACEAE Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Is excellent for exhibition. Z5–9 H8–1. above fernlike, blue-green leaves. Needs
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
D. ‘Sops-in-wine’. Old-fashioned pink. Genus of evergreen, spreading subshrubs, gritty soil. Is suitable for an alpine house.
soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by
Bears fragrant, single, maroon flowers suitable for rock gardens and troughs. Z4–8 H8–1.
seed sown in late summer when fresh.
with white markings. Z5–9 H8–1. Needs partial shade and peaty, sandy, D. spectabilis, syn. Lamprocapnos
D D. STARLIGHT (‘Hilstar’), illus. p.267. acid soil. Is very difficult to grow in hot, spectabilis, illus. p.223. f. alba, syn.
T The foliage, roots and seeds of D. albus
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
Modern pink. Strongly scented, single, dry climates at low altitudes. Propagate Lamprocapnos spectabilis f. alba, illus. p.223.
and contact with the foliage may cause
rose-lavender flowers turn to lilac, then by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings D. ‘Spring Morning’, illus. p.256.
photodermatitis.
mature to almost white. Z5–9 H8–1. in summer. D. ‘Stuart Boothman’, illus. p.268.
D. albus (Burning bush, Dittany, Gas
D. Star Series. Prolific Modern pink D. lapponica. Evergreen, spreading
plant). var. albus, illus. p.230. var.
with single or semidouble flowers over subshrub. H and S 3in (7cm). Has tufts
DICHELOSTEMMA purpureus, syn. D. fraxinella. Upright
mounded foliage. Z5–9 H8–1. ‘Brilliant of small, rounded, leathery leaves. Bears
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has light
Star’ (illus. p.266) has fragrant, solitary, tiny, bowl-shaped, white flowers
green leaves divided into oval leaflets. In
semidouble, glistening white flowers, in early summer. Z1–5 H5–1. Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
early summer bears spikes of fragrant,
with rich velvet-red centers. ‘Evening for their dense flower heads on leafless
star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers with
Star’ (illus. p.266) bears single or stems. Is related to Brodiaea and is similar
DIASCIA long stamens. Z3–8 H8–3.
semidouble, rounded, bright deep pink to Allium in appearance. Needs sunny and
SCROPHULARIACEAE D. fraxinella. See D. albus var. purpureus.
flowers with gently rippled edges and well-drained soil. Water freely in spring,
crimson eyes. ‘India Star’ (illus. p.267) Genus of summer- and fall-flowering but dry out after flowering. Propagate by Didiscus coeruleus. See Trachymene
produces single, rich rose-pink flowers annuals and perennials, some of which are seed in fall or spring or by offsets in fall coerulea.
with bold, deep red eyes and a fine semievergreen, grown for their tubular, before growth commences.
fragrance. ‘Neon Star’ (illus. p.267) has pink flowers. Is suitable for banks and D. congestum, syn. Brodiaea congesta,
silvery-green leaves and single, vivid borders. Needs sun and rich, well-drained illus. p.392.
DIDYMOCHLAENA
magenta flowers over a very long season. soil that is not too dry. Cut back old stems D. ida-maia, syn. Brodiaea ida-maia. Early DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ASPIDIACEAE
Z4–9 H8–1. ‘Pixie Star’ (illus. p.267) in spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m), Genus of one species of evergreen fern.
bears single, rose-lavender flowers in late spring, by semiripe cuttings in S 3–4in (8–10cm). Long, narrow leaves are Has tufts of glossy, mid-green fronds,
with slightly wavy petals and deep pink summer or by seed in fall. semierect and basal. Leafless stem bears tinged with rose-pink or red when young.
eyes. Z4–8 H8–1. D. barberae (Twinspur). ‘Blackthorn a dense head of flowers, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) Requires partial shade, high humidity and
D. superbus. Evergreen, mat-forming Apricot’, syn. D. ‘Blackthorn Apricot’, long, each with a red tube and 6 green moist, rich soil. Propagate by spores as
perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). illus. p.278. ‘Fisher’s Flora’, syn. D. petals. Z5–8 H8–5. soon as ripe, or divide in spring.
Has narrowly lance-shaped, pale green cordata of gardens, illus. p.339. ‘Ruby D. pulchellum, syn. Brodiaea capitata, D. lunulata. See D. truncatula.
leaves. In summer, slender stems bear Field’ is a mat-forming perennial. Brodiaea pulchella. Early summer- D. truncatula, syn. D. lunulata. Evergreen
very fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm). Heart-shaped, flowering bulb. H 12–24in (30–60cm), fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has erect
pink flowers with darker centers. Is pale green leaves clothe short, wiry stems. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Long, narrow leaves are rhizomes and triangular, divided fronds,
suitable for a rock garden. Z3–8 H8–1. Produces tubular, wide-lipped, salmon- semierect and basal. Leafless stem bears 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m) long, with simple
‘Crimsonia’ (illus. p.267). has slender, pink flowers throughout summer. a dense head of narrowly funnel-shaped, diamond-shaped segments. Z9–11 H12–9.
rather floppy stems bearing fragrant, D. ‘Blackthorn Apricot’. See D. pale to deep violet flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm)
well-dissected, single, scarlet flowers. barberae ‘Blackthorn Apricot’. long, with violet bracts. Z6–10 H10–6.
DIEFFENBACHIA
Z3–8 H8–1. D. cordata of gardens. See D. barberae
Dumb cane, Mother-in-law’s tongue
D. ‘Tayside Red’, illus. p.267. Malmaison ‘Fisher’s Flora’.
DICHORISANDRA ARACEAE
carnation. Produces brick-red flowers D. ICE CRACKER (‘Hecrack’), illus. p.337.
through summer and into fall. Does best in a D. LITTLE DANCER (‘Pendan’), illus. p.301. COMMELINACEAE Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials,
cool glasshouse or conservatory. Z4–8 H8–1. D. personata, illus. p.223. Genus of erect, clump-forming, evergreen grown for their foliage. Needs fertile, well-
564 D. ‘Tickled Pink’. See D. Scent First D. rigescens, illus. p.339. perennials, grown for their ornamental drained soil and partial shade. Propagate
Series TICKLED PINK. D. ‘Salmon Supreme’, illus. p.345. foliage. Prefers fertile, moist but well- in spring or summer by stem cuttings or
DIOSPYROS
pieces of leafless stem placed horizontally D. sessilifolia (Southern bush leaves and, in summer, tall spikes of tubular specimens moderately when in full
in compost. Scale insect or red spider mite honeysuckle). Deciduous, spreading shrub. flowers in shades of pink, red, purple or growth, less at other times. Propagate
may be troublesome. T All parts may H and S 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Narrowly oval, white. Z4–8 H9–1. f. albiflora, syn. by seed in spring.
cause severe discomfort if ingested, and pointed, serrated, green leaves are often D. purpurea f. alba, illus. p.299. f. alba. D. edule (Chestnut dioon, Mexican fern
contact with sap may irritate skin. copper-tinted when young. Has terminal See D. purpurea f. albiflora. palm). Slow-growing, evergreen, palm-like
D. amoena of gardens. See D. seguine and lateral clusters of tubular, pale yellow shrub, eventually with a thick, upright
‘Amoena’. flowers in summer. To treat as an
D. ‘Exotica’. See D. seguine ‘Exotica’. herbaceous perennial, cut back to ground
DILLENIA trunk. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m).
Feather-like leaves, 2–4ft (60cm–1.2m) long,
D. maculata ‘Exotica’. See D. seguine level each spring and apply mulch and DILLENIACEAE have spine-tipped, blue-green leaflets.
‘Exotica’. ‘Rudolph Roehrs’. See fertilizer. Z4–8 H8–1. Genus of evergreen or briefly deciduous, Z8–11 H12–5.
D. seguine ‘Rudolph Roehrs’. spring-flowering trees, grown for their
D. ‘Memoria’. See D. seguine ‘Memoria flowers and foliage and for shade. Needs
Corsii’.
DIETES DIOSCOREA
moist, fertile soil and full light. Water
D. seguine. Evergreen, tufted perennial. IRIDACEAE container plants freely while in full growth, DIOSCOREACEAE
H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Broadly lance- Genus of evergreen, iris-like, rhizomatous less in winter. Propagate by seed in spring. Genus of tuberous perennials, some of
shaped leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, are perennials, grown for their flowers in D. indica (Chulta). Briefly deciduous, which are succulent, and herbaceous
glossy and dark green. Insignificant, tiny, spring or summer. Needs sun or partial spreading tree. H and S 25–40ft (8–12m). Has or evergreen, twining climbers, grown
greenish-white flowers, clustered on the shade and rich, well-drained soil that does oval, serrated, boldly parallel-veined, glossy mainly for their leaves. Insignificant
spadix, are surrounded by a narrow, not dry out excessively. Propagate by seed leaves, 1ft (30cm) long. Nodding, cup- flowers are generally yellow. Prefers full
leaflike spathe that is produced in fall or spring or by division in spring shaped, white flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) wide, sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
intermittently. Z14–15 H12–1. ‘Amoena’, (although divisions do not become are produced in spring, followed by edible,
drained soil. Propagate by division, or
syn. D. amoena of gardens, H to 6ft (2m), re-established very readily). globular, greenish fruits. Z14–15 H12–1.
by cutting off sections of tuber in spring
is robust and has creamy-white bars along D. bicolor, illus. p.395.
or fall or by seed in spring.
lateral veins on leaves. ‘Exotica’, syn. D. iridioides, syn. D. vegeta of gardens.
D. ‘Exotica’, D. maculata ‘Exotica’, illus.
DIMORPHOTHECA D. discolor. See D. dodecaneura.
Evergreen, spring- and summer-flowering,
African daisy, Cape marigold D. dodecaneura, syn. D. discolor,
p.465. ‘Memoria Corsii’, syn. D. rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm),
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE illus. p.459.
‘Memoria’ has gray-green leaves, marked S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Bears semierect, sword-
D. elephantipes, syn. Testudinaria
dark green and spotted white. ‘Rudolph shaped, basal leaves in a spreading fan. Genus of annuals, perennials and
elephantipes, illus. p.492.
Roehrs’, syn. D. maculata ‘Rudolph Branching, wiry stems bear iris-like, white evergreen subshrubs. Requires sun and
Roehrs’, D. seguine ‘Roehrs’, illus. p.474. flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across; each of the fertile, very well-drained soil. Dead-head
‘Roehrs’. See D. seguine ‘Rudolph 3 large petals has a central, yellow mark. to prolong flowering. Propagate annuals DIOSMA
Roehrs’. Z8–11 H12–8. by seed sown under glass in mid-spring, RUTACEAE
D. vegeta of gardens. See D. iridioides. perennials by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Genus of evergreen, wiry-stemmed shrubs,
DIERAMA Is susceptible to botrytis in wet summers.
D. annua. See D. pluvialis.
Angel’s fishing rod, Wandflower DIGITALIS D. barberae of gardens. See
appearance. Needs full light and well-
IRIDACEAE Foxglove drained, neutral to acid soil. Water
Osteospermum jucundum.
Genus of evergreen, clump-forming, SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE D. pluvialis, syn. D. annua, illus. p.299. container specimens moderately when in
summer-flowering corms, grown for their full growth, less at other times. To create
Genus of biennials and perennials, some
pendent, funnel- or bell-shaped flowers on are evergreen, grown for their summer DIONAEA
a compact habit, shorten flowered stems D
long, arching, wiry stems. Flourishes near flower spikes. Species mentioned below after flowering. Propagate by seed in
pools. Prefers a warm, sheltered, sunny site grow in most conditions, even dry, exposed DROSERACEAE spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
and well-drained soil that should be kept sites, but do best in partial shade and moist Genus of evergreen, insectivorous, rosette- summer.
moist in summer when in growth. Dies but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed forming perennials. Needs partial shade D. ericoides (Breath of heaven). Fast-
down partially in winter. Propagate by in fall. T All parts may cause severe and a humid atmosphere; grow in a growing, evergreen, loosely rounded
division of corms in spring or by seed in discomfort if ingested. Contact with foliage mixture of peat and moss, kept constantly shrub. H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Aromatic,
fall or spring. Resents disturbance, and may irritate skin. moist. Propagate by seed or division needlelike leaves are crowded on stems.
divisions take a year or more to settle D. ambigua. See D. grandiflora. in spring. In winter–spring produces a profusion of
and start flowering again. D. canariensis. See Isoplexis canariensis. D. muscipula, illus. p.473. small, fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers,
D. ‘Blackbird’. Evergreen, upright D. eriostachya. See D. lutea. sometimes tinted red. Z13–15 H12–10.
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). D. ferruginea (Rusty foxglove). Perennial
DIONYSIA Diosphaera. See Trachelium.
Produces cascades of nodding, funnel- best treated as a biennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
PRIMULACEAE Diosphaera asperuloides. See
shaped, violet-mauve flowers on wiry, S 1ft (30cm). Long, slender spikes bear
Trachelium asperuloides.
pendulous stems, in summer, above funnel-shaped, orange-br own and white Genus of evergreen, cushion-forming
grasslike leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers in mid-summer above basal perennials. Grow in an alpine house in
D. dracomontanum, syn. D. pumilum. rosettes of oval, rough leaves. Z4–9 H9–1. sun and very gritty, well-drained soil. DIOSPYROS
Vigorous, evergreen, upright perennial. D. grandiflora, syn. D. ambigua (Yellow Position deep collar of grit under cushion EBENACEAE
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer foxglove). Evergreen, clump-forming and ensure good ventilation at all times.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and
freely produces nodding, funnel-shaped perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). Dislikes winter wet. Propagate by softwood
flowers, in shades of pink and violet, on Racemes of downward-pointing, tubular, cuttings in summer. Plants are susceptible shrubs, grown for their foliage and fruits.
wiry stems. Leaves are grasslike. Z8–9 creamy-yellow flowers are borne in to botrytis. To obtain fruits, plants of both sexes should
H9–7. summer above a rosette of oval to oblong, D. aretioides, illus. p.358. be grown. Needs full sun and does best in
D. ensifolium. See D. pendulum. smooth, strongly veined leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. D. microphylla. Evergreen perennial. hot summers. Requires fertile, well-drained
D. pendulum, syn. D. ensifolium, illus. D. lutea, syn. D. eriostachya. Upright H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Rosettes of oval soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
p.392. perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). to rounded, often sharply pointed, gray- D. kaki (Chinese persimmon, Japanese
D. pulcherrimum, illus. p.386. In summer, delicate spires of downward- green leaves, with mealy, yellow coating persimmon, Kaki). Deciduous, spreading
D. pumilum. See D. dracomontanum. pointing, narrowly tubular, creamy-yellow beneath, form tight cushions. Small, short- tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Oval, glossy,
flowers are borne above a rosette of oval, stemmed, 5-petaled, white-eyed, pale to dark green leaves turn orange, red and
deep violet-yellow flowers, with darker purple in fall. Tiny, yellowish-white flowers
DIERVILLA smooth, mid-green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1.
in summer are followed on female trees by
D. x mertonensis. Clump-forming petal bases, are produced in early spring.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). Z5–7 H7–5. large, edible, rounded, yellow or orange
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering Produces spikes of downward-pointing, D. tapetodes, illus. p.358. fruits. Z7–10 H10–7.
shrubs. Is similar to Weigela. Needs partial tubular, rose-mauve to coppery flowers in D. lotus (Date plum). Deciduous,
summer, above a rosette of oval, hairy, soft spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m).
shade or full sun and moderately fertile,
DIOON Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves, tiny,
well-drained soil. To keep the shrub neat, leaves. Divide after flowering. Z3–8 H8–1.
remove 2- and 3-year-old stems in winter D. purpurea (Common foxglove). ZAMIACEAE red-tinged, green flowers from mid-
or after flowering. Propagate by semiripe Upright, short-lived perennial, grown as Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their to late summer and, on female trees,
cuttings in late summer or by hardwood a biennial. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). palm-like appearance. Requires full sun and unpalatable, rounded, purple or yellow 565
cuttings in fall. Has a rosette of oval, rough, deep green fertile, well-drained soil. Water container fruits. Z6–10 H10–6.
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DIPCADI
mid- and late summer of the second (15cm) wide, in spring–summer along felted beneath. In spring has fragrant,
DIPCADI year. Self-seeds readily and can escape indented edges of stems. Z11–14 H12–5. white flowers, pink in bud; ovoid, downy,
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE cultivation. Z5–8 H8–5. D. flagelliformis. See Aporocactus yellow fruits follow in fall. Z8–10 H10–8.
flagelliformis.
Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
D. ‘Gloria’, illus. p.485.
mainly for botanical interest. Will not DIPTERONIA D. ‘Jennifer Ann’, illus. p.496.
DODECATHEON
tolerate cold, wet winters, so is best grown ACERACEAE/SAPINDACEAE Shooting stars
D. ‘M.A. Jeans’, illus. p.485.
in a cold frame or alpine house. Needs
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for D. phyllanthoides ‘Deutsche PRIMULACEAE
a warm, sunny situation and light, well-
their foliage and fruits. Needs full sun and Kaiserin’, illus. p.485. Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
drained soil. Is dormant in summer.
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by perennials, grown for their flowers,
Propagate by seed in fall.
D. serotinum, illus. p.422.
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed DISPORUM with reflexed petals and prominent
in fall. stamens. Once fertilized, flowers turn
Fairy bells
D. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading, skywards—hence their common name.
DIPELTA sometimes shrubby tree. H 30ft (10m), LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE
Is dormant after flowering. Prefers sun
CAPRIFOLIACEAE S 20ft (6m). Large, mid-green leaves have Genus of spring- and early summer-
or partial shade and moist but well-
7–11 oval to lance-shaped leaflets. flowering perennials. Is suitable for
Genus of deciduous shrubs, with bold, drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall
Inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers woodland gardens. Requires partial shade
long-pointed leaves, grown for their or by division in winter.
in summer are followed by large clusters and rich soil. Propagate by division in
tubular flowers and peeling bark. D. dentatum (White shooting star).
of winged, red fruits. Z8–10 H10–8. spring or by seed in fall.
After flowering, bracts beneath flowers Clump-forming perennial. H 3in (7cm),
D. hookeri. Clump-forming perennial.
enlarge and become papery and brown, S 10in (25cm). Leaves are long, oval and
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are
surrounding the fruits. Requires sun or DISA narrowly oval and mid-green. Orange-red toothed. In late spring bears white
partial shade and fertile, well-drained ORCHIDACEAE berries in fall follow clusters of drooping, flowers, with dark stamens and reflexed
soil. Benefits from the occasional removal open bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers petals. Prefers partial shade. Z4–8 H8–2.
See also ORCHIDS.
of old shoots after flowering. Propagate in spring. Z4–9 H9–1. D. hendersonii, illus. p.333.
D. uniflora. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.
by softwood cuttings in summer. D. sessile ‘Variegatum’. Rapidly D. meadia (Eastern shooting star).
H 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). Has narrowly lance-
D. floribunda, illus. p.111. spreading, clump-forming perennial. Clump-forming perennial. H 8in (20cm),
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, 9in (22cm)
D. yunnanensis, illus. p.110. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Solitary, S 6in (15cm). Leaves are oval and pale
long. In early summer each stem bears up to
tubular-bell-shaped to bell-shaped, creamy- green. In spring bears pale pink flowers,
7 hooded, scarlet flowers, 3–4in (8–10 cm)
DIPHYLLEIA long, that have darker veins and are suffused white flowers are produced in spring. Has with reflexed petals, above foliage. Prefers
yellow. Needs partial shade and continually narrowly oval, pleated leaves irregularly partial shade. Z4–8 H8–1. f. album,
BERBERIDACEAE
moist soil. Grow from seed or propagate striped with white. Z4–9 H9–1. illus. p.333.
Genus of perennials with creeping D. pauciflorum. See D. pulchellum.
by division of offsets when dormant. Z13–15
rootstocks and umbrella-like leaves. Is
best suited to woodland gardens. Needs
H12–10. DISTICTIS D. pulchellum, syn. D. pauciflorum.
Clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),
partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by BIGNONIACEAE S 4in (10cm). Is similar to D. meadia but
division in spring or by seed in fall. DISANTHUS Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, flowers are usually deep cerise. Z4–7 H8–2.
D. cymosa (Umbrella leaf). Rounded HAMAMELIDACEAE tendril climbers, grown for their colorful, ‘Red Wings’, illus. p.333.
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). trumpet-shaped flowers. Needs well-
Genus of one species of deciduous, fall-
Has large, rounded, 2-lobed leaves. In
D spring bears loose heads of inconspicuous,
flowering shrub, grown for its overall drained soil and full light. Water freely
DODONAEA
appearance and fall color. Needs partial in summer, less at other times. Support
white flowers followed by indigo-blue for stems is necessary. Thin out congested SAPINDACEAE
shade and rich, moist but not wet, neutral
berries on red stalks. Z7–10 H10–7. growth in spring. Propagate by softwood
to acid soil. Propagate by layering in spring Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
or by seed when ripe or in spring. cuttings in early summer or by semiripe grown mainly for their foliage and overall
Dipidax. See Onixotis.
D. cercidifolius, illus. p.141. cuttings in late summer. appearance. Prefers full sun and well-
Dipidax triquetrum. See Onixotis
D. buccinatoria, syn. Phaedranthus
triquetra. drained soil. Water container plants freely
buccinatorius, illus. p.461.
Diplacus glutinosus. See Mimulus
DISCARIA when in full growth, less at other times.
aurantiacus. Cut back in late summer and in spring
Dipladenia. See Mandevilla. RHAMNACEAE DISTYLIUM if needed, to maintain a balanced shape.
Dipladenia boliviensis. See Mandevilla Genus of deciduous or almost leafless HAMAMELIDACEAE Propagate by seed in spring or by
boliviensis. shrubs and trees, grown for their habit semiripe cuttings in late summer.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
Dipladenia splendens. See Mandevilla and flowers. Spiny, green shoots assume D. viscosa ‘Purpurea’, illus. p.457.
grown for their foliage and flowers. Prefers
splendens. function of leaves. Needs a sheltered, sunny
a sheltered, partially shaded position and Dolichos lablab. See Lablab purpureus.
site and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
moist, peaty soil. Propagate by semiripe Dolichos purpureus. See Lablab
by softwood cuttings in summer.
DIPLARRHENA D. toumatou (Wild Irishman). Deciduous
cuttings in summer. purpureus.
IRIDACEAE D. racemosum. Evergreen, arching
or almost leafless, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
Genus of one species of summer-flowering (2m). Shoots have sharp, rigid spines. Tiny,
oblong, leathery, glossy and dark green. DOMBEYA
perennial. Needs sun and well-drained soil. star-shaped, greenish-white flowers are
Bears small flowers, with red calyces and STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE
Propagate by seed or division in spring. borne in dense clusters in late spring. Z8–9
purple anthers, from late spring to early
D. moraea, illus. p.264. H9–8. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
summer. Z11 H12–10.
grown for their flowers. Needs full sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
DIPSACUS DISOCACTUS Dizygotheca elegantissima. See
Schefflera elegantissima. Water container plants freely when in full
Teasel CACTACEAE growth, less when temperatures fall. Cut
DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti with back after flowering. Propagate by seed
Genus of biennials or short-lived flattened, strap-shaped stems. Is closely
DOCYNIA
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
perennials, grown for their flower heads, related to Epiphyllum, with which it ROSACEAE summer. Whitefly and red spider mite
which are good for drying. Requires sun or hybridizes. Spines are insignificant. Stems Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, may be a nuisance.
partial shade and fertile soil. Sow seed in may die back after flowering. Needs partial spring-flowering trees, grown for their D. burgessiae, syn. D. mastersii.
fall or spring. shade and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate flowers and foliage; is related to Cydonia. Evergreen shrub. H 6–12ft (2–4m), S 5–10ft
D. fullonum (Teasel). Prickly biennial. by stem cuttings in spring or summer. Requires full sun and well-drained soil. (1.5–3m). Has rounded, 3-lobed, downy
H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 12–32in (30–80cm). In D. ackermannii, syn. Epiphyllum Other than shaping while young, pruning is leaves and dense clusters of fragrant,
the first year produces basal rosette of ackermannii, Nopalxochia ackermannii (Red not necessary. Propagate by seed in spring white flowers, with pink to red veins, in
toothed, dark green leaves covered in orchid cactus). Erect, then pendent, or fall, by budding in summer or by grafting fall–winter. Z12–15 H12–10.
spiny pustules. Thistle-like, pinkish- epiphytic, perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm), in winter. Caterpillars may be troublesome. D. x cayeuxii, illus. p.450.
purple or white flower heads, with stiff, S 2ft (60cm). Has fleshy, toothed, green D. delavayi. Evergreen or semievergreen, D. mastersii. See D. burgessiae.
566 prickly bracts, are borne terminally on stems, to 3in (7cm) across and 16in (40cm) spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m) or more.
upright stems with paired leaves in long. Bears funnel-shaped, red flowers, 6in Oval to lance-shaped leaves are white- Dondia. See Hacquetia.
DRYAS
turn brown except at the tips, appearing D. colorata. See Pseudowintera colorata.
DORONICUM dead. Is suitable for alpine houses. Needs DRACOCEPHALUM D. lanceolata, syn. D. aromatica, illus.
Leopard’s bane sun and gritty, well-drained soil. Dislikes Dragon’s head p.197.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE winter wet. Propagate by softwood LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE D. winteri, syn. Wintera aromatica, illus.
cuttings of the rosettes in late spring or p.73.
Genus of perennials, grown for their Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
by seed in fall.
daisylike flowers, which are good for perennials, suitable for rock gardens and
cutting. Most prefer full sun or partial
D. aizoides (Yellow whitlow grass).
borders. Prefers sun and fertile, well- DROSANTHEMUM
Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial.
shade and moist but well-drained soil. drained soil. Propagate by seed or division AIZOACEAE
H 1in (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has lance-
Propagate by division in fall. in spring or fall or by basal cuttings of
shaped, stiff-bristled leaves in rosettes Genus of erect or prostrate, succulent
D. austriacum. Clump-forming young growth in spring.
and, in spring, 4-petaled, bright yellow shrubs with slender stems and summer
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). D. ruyschiana. Erect perennial.
flowers. Is suitable for a gravel garden. flowers. Needs full sun and very well-
Bears daisylike, pure yellow flower heads H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Freely
Z4–6 H6–1. drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
on slender stems in spring. Heart-shaped, bears whorled spikes of 2-lipped, violet-
D. bryoides. See D. rigida var. bryoides. cuttings in spring or summer.
wavy-edged bright green leaves are hairy. blue flowers from early to mid-summer.
D. hispanica. Semievergreen, cushion- D. hispidum. Shrub with arching or
Z5–8 H8–5. Mid-green leaves are linear to lance-
forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in spreading branches that root down.
D. x excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’, syn. shaped. Z3–7 H7–1.
(10cm). Pale green leaves are oval and H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has cylindrical,
D. plantagineum ‘Excelsum’. Clump- D. sibiricum. See Nepeta sibirica.
soft. Clusters of flat, 4-petaled, pale light green leaves, 5/8–1in (1.5–2.5cm) long.
forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
yellow flowers are borne in spring. In summer bears masses of daisylike,
Large, daisylike, buttercup-yellow flower
heads are borne, 3 or 4 to a stem, in Z4–6 H6–1. DRACUNCULUS purple flowers, to 11/4in (3cm) across.
D. longisiliqua, illus. p.357. ARACEAE Z10–13 H12–9.
spring. Leaves are heart-shaped and
D. mollissima, illus. p.358. D. speciosum. Erect, shrubby
bright green. Is good for a dry, shaded Genus of robust, tuberous perennials that
D. polytricha. Semievergreen, cushion- succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m).
site. Z4–8 H8–1. produce roughly triangular, foul-smelling
forming perennial. H 21/2in (6cm), S 6in Has semicylindrical leaves, 1/2–3/4in
D. ‘Frühlingspracht’. Clump-forming spathes. Where marginally hardy protect
(15cm). Forms rosettes of tiny round leaves. (1–2cm) long. Masses of daisylike, green-
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). dormant tubers with a heavy mulch. Needs
Bears flat, 4-petaled, golden-yellow flowers centered, orange-red flowers, to 2in (5cm)
Produces daisylike, double, bright yellow sun and well-drained soil that dries out in
in spring. Is difficult to grow. Keep stones across, are produced in summer. Z9–13
flower heads in spring. Has heart-shaped, summer. Propagate by offsets in late
under cushion at all times. Remove dead H12–9.
bright green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. summer or by seed in fall.
D. ‘Miss Mason’, illus. p.227. rosettes at once. Z4–6 H6–1. D. vulgaris, syn. Arum dracunculus, illus.
D. orientale ‘Magnificum’, illus. p.263. D. rigida, illus. p.357. var. bryoides, syn. p.386. DROSERA
D. plantagineum ‘Excelsum’. See D. x D. bryoides is an evergreen, hummock- Sundew
excelsum ‘Harpur Crewe’. forming perennial. H 11/2in (4cm), S 21/2ft
(6cm). Has tiny, round, dark green leaves.
DREGEA DROSERACEAE
ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE Genus of evergreen, insectivorous
Produces small clusters of almost stemless,
DOROTHEANTHUS perennials. Grow in sun, in a mixture of
4-petaled, bright yellow flowers that cover Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
AIZOACEAE peat and moss that is not allowed to dry
hummocks in spring. twining climbers, grown for botanical
out. Propagate by seed or division in
Genus of succulent annuals, suitable for interest. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
spring.
hot, dry places such as rock gardens, screes Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
and gaps in paving. Needs sun and grows
DRACAENA cuttings in summer or fall.
D. capensis, illus. p.473.
well in poor, very well-drained soil. Dead- AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE D. corrugata. See D. sinensis.
D. spatulata, illus. p.473. D
head to prolong flowering. Propagate by Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, D. sinensis, syn. D. corrugata, Wattakaka
seed sown under glass in early spring, or grown for their foliage. Needs full sun or sinensis, illus. p.197. DRYANDRA
outdoors in mid-spring. Protect from slugs partial shade and well-drained soil. Water PROTEACEAE
and snails. Drejerella guttata. See Justicia
container plants moderately, much less in
brandegeeana. Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer-
D. bellidiformis, syn. low temperatures. Rejuvenate leggy plants
Drepanostachyum falconeri. See flowering shrubs and trees, grown
Mesembryanthemum criniflorum by cutting back to near soil level in spring.
Himalayacalamus falconeri. for their flowers, foliage and overall
(Livingstone daisy). Z11 H9–1. ‘Magic Propagate by seed or air-layering in
Carpet’ is a carpeting annual. H 6in appearance. Needs full light and
spring or by tip or stem cuttings in
well-drained, sandy soil that is low in
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped, summer. Mealy bug may be a nuisance. DRIMIA nutrients. Is difficult to grow. Water
pale green leaves. Daisylike flowers, in D. australis. See Cordyline australis. LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE container plants moderately, less in
bright shades of red, pink, yellow or white, D. deremensis. See D. fragrans
open in sun. Genus of late summer- or early fall- low temperatures. Plants under glass
Deremensis Group. ‘Souvenir de must be freely ventilated. Propagate
flowering bulbs, growing on or near soil
Schrijver’. See D. fragrans Deremensis by seed in spring.
surface, with spear-shaped flower spikes
DORYANTHES Group ‘Warneckei’. ‘Warneckei’. See D. up to 5ft (1.5m) high. Needs sun and well- D. formosa. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
fragrans Deremensis Group ‘Warneckei’. H 6–15ft (2–5m), S 5–10ft (1.5–3m).
LILIACEAE/DORYANTHACEAE drained soil that dries out while bulbs are
D. draco, illus. p.451. dormant in summer. Plant in mid- to late Strap-shaped leaves are divided into
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming D. fragrans (Corn plant). Z14–15 H12–1. summer. Water until leaves die down. triangular, closely set lobes, creating a
perennials, grown for their flowers. Needs Deremensis Group, syn. D. deremensis Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets saw-blade effect. In spring produces
a sunny position and rich, well-drained is a slow-growing, evergreen, sparsely in late summer. small, scented, tubular, orange-yellow
soil. Propagate by mature bulbils, by seed
branched shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft D. maritima, syn. Urginea maritima. Late flowers in domed, terminal heads.
in spring or by suckers after flowering.
(1m) or more. Has erect to arching, lance- summer- or early fall-flowering bulb. Bears Z10–11 H12–10.
D. palmeri, illus. p.470.
shaped, glossy, deep green leaves, to 18in broadly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves
Dorycnium hirsutum. See Lotus (45cm) long. Mature plants may bear large
panicles of small, red-and-white flowers in
in fall after long spikes of small star-
DRYAS
hirsutus. shaped, white flowers.
summer. ‘Warneckei’, syn. D. deremensis Mountain avens
Douglasia vitaliana. See Vitaliana
primuliflora. ‘Souvenir de Schrijver’, D. deremensis ROSACEAE
Doxantha capreolata. See Bignonia ‘Warneckei’, illus. p.454. ‘Massangeana’
DRIMYS
Genus of evergreen, prostrate, woody-
capreolata. has broad longitudinally banded leaves of WINTERACEAE based perennials, grown for their oak-like
Doxantha unguis-cati. See Macfadyena yellow and pale green interspersed with Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, leaves and cup-shaped flowers. Is useful
unguis-cati. narrow, gray-green stripes. Z13–15 H12–10. grown for their foliage and star-shaped on banks and walls, in rock gardens and
D. indivisa. See Cordyline indivisa. flowers. Where marginally hardy, grow as groundcover. Prefers sun and gritty,
D. marginata. Slow-growing, evergreen,
DRABA erect shrub or tree. H 10ft (3m) or more,
against a sunny wall. Needs sun or well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate
partial shade and fertile, moist but by seed or by semiripe cuttings in
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE S 3–6ft (1–2m) or more. Leaves are well-drained soil. Propagate by summer.
Genus of spring-flowering annuals and narrowly strap-shaped and rich green with semiripe cuttings in summer or by D. drummondii. Evergreen, prostrate,
evergreen or semievergreen, cushion- or red margins. Flowers are rarely produced. seed in fall. woody-based perennial. H 2in (5cm),
mat-forming perennials. Some species Z11–12 H12–1. ‘Tricolor’, illus. p.452. D. aromatica. See D. lanceolata. S indefinite. Sturdy stems are clothed 567
form soft, green cushions that in winter D. sanderiana, illus. p.453. D. axillaris. See Pseudowintera axillaris. in small, oval, lobed, leathery, dark green
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DRYOPTERIS
E
leaves. In early summer bears nodding, fronds, 8–20in (20–50cm) long, with up to
cream flowers that never fully open. 6 pairs of narrowly lance-shaped pinnae, DYCKIA
Z2–6 H6–1. 6–12in (15–30cm) long. Z6–8 H8–6. BROMELIACEAE
D. octopetala, illus. p.361. D. wallichiana, illus. p.292.
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
D. x suendermannii. Evergreen,
perennials. Requires full light and well-
prostrate, woody-based perennial.
DUCHESNEA drained soil containing sharp sand or grit. ECCREMOCARPUS
H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Is similar to
ROSACEAE Water moderately in summer, scarcely or BIGNONIACEAE
D. drummondii, but has slightly nodding,
not at all in winter, sparingly at other times. Genus of evergreen, subshrubby, tendril
pale cream flowers that open horizontally. Genus of perennials, some of which are
Propagate by offsets or division in spring. climbers, grown for their flowers, which
Z3–6 H6–1. semievergreen, grown as groundcover
D. remotiflora. Evergreen, basal-rosetted appear over a long period. One species
as well as for their flowers. Is suitable
perennial. H and S 12–20in (30–50cm). Has only is commonly grown. Usually treated
for hanging baskets. Needs well-drained
DRYOPTERIS soil and sun or partial shade. Propagate
dense rosettes of arching, very narrowly as an annual. Needs full sun and well-
Wood fern triangular, pointed, thick-textured, dull drained soil. Propagate by seed in early
by division in spring, by rooting plantlets
green leaves with hooked spines and gray
DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ASPIDIACEAE formed at ends of runners in summer spring.
scales beneath. Woolly spikes of tubular, E. scaber, illus. p.208.
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen or by seed in fall.
orange-yellow flowers are produced above
ferns, many of which form regular, D. indica, syn. Fragaria indica (Indian
the foliage in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–10.
shuttlecock-like crowns. Requires shade strawberry). Semievergreen, trailing ECHEVERIA
and moist soil. Regularly remove fading perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
DYPSIS CRASSULACEAE
fronds. Propagate by spores in summer Dark green leaves have 3 toothed leaflets
like those of strawberries. Solitary, Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
or by division in fall or winter. PALMAE/ARECACEAE
5-petaled, bright yellow flowers, to with long-lasting flowers. Leaves take
D. affinis, syn. D. borreri, D. pseudomas Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
1in (2.5cm) wide, with leafy, green frills on their brightest colors from fall to spring.
(Golden male fern). Virtually evergreen elegant appearance. Needs full light or
of sepals, are borne from spring to Needs sun, good ventilation and very well-
fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has a partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
early summer. Strawberry-like, tasteless, drained soil. Propagate by seed, stem or
“shuttlecock” of lance-shaped, divided Water container specimens moderately,
red fruits develop in late summer. leaf cuttings, division or offsets in spring
fronds, 8–32in (20–80cm) tall, from an much less when temperatures are low.
Z6–8 H8–6. or summer.
erect rhizome. Fronds are pale green as Propagate by seed in spring at not less E. agavoides. Basal-rosetted, perennial
they unfurl in spring, in contrast to the than 79°F (26°C). Red spider mite may succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
scaly, golden brown midribs; they mature DUDLEYA sometimes be a nuisance. tapering, light green leaves, often red-
to dark green and often remain green D. lutescens, syn. Areca lutescens,
CRASSULACEAE margined. Bears cup-shaped, red flowers,
through winter. Is distinguished from D. Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, illus. p.452. 1
Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial /2in (1cm) long, in summer. Z10–11 H12–1.
filix-mas by a dark spot where each (Azores heath)
succulents, closely related to Echeveria. E. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi.
pinna joins the midrib. Z6–8 H8–6.
Requires full sun and very well-drained E. derenbergii. Clump-forming,
D. atrata. See D. cycadina.
soil. Water sparingly when plants are perennial succulent. H 11/2in (4cm), S 12in
D. austriaca. See D. dilatata.
semi-dormant in mid-summer. Propagate (30cm). Produces short-stemmed rosette of
D. borreri. See D. affinis.
by seed or division in spring or summer. rounded, gray-green leaves. Flower stem,
D. carthusiana (Spinulose wood fern,
D. brittonii. Basal-rosetted, perennial 3in (8cm) long, produces cup-shaped,
Toothed wood fern). Deciduous or
succulent. H 8–24in (20–60cm) or more yellow-and-red or orange flowers in
semievergreen, creeping, rhizomatous
spring. Offsets freely. Is often used as
D fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Produces when in flower, S 20in (50cm). Has
narrowly lance-shaped, tapering, a parent in breeding. Z13–15 H12–10.
lance-shaped, much-divided, mid-green
fleshy, silvery-white leaves. Masses of E. elegans, illus. p.484.
fronds with triangular to oval pinnae.
star-shaped, pale yellow flowers are E. gibbiflora. Rosetted, perennial
Z6–8 H8–6. succulent. H 4–10in (10–25cm), S 12in
produced in spring–summer. Z13–15
D. cycadina, syn. D. atrata, D. hirtipes. (30cm). Rosettes of spoon-shaped, pointed,
H12–10.
Deciduous fern. H 24in (60cm), S 18in gray-green leaves, often tinged red-brown,
D. pulverulenta, illus. p.490.
(45cm). Has an erect rhizome producing are stemless or borne on short stems. Cup-
a “shuttlecock” of lance-shaped, divided, shaped, red flowers, yellow within, are
bright green fronds, 18in (45cm) long, DURANTA borne on stems, 3ft (90cm) long, in fall–
with green midribs. Z6–9 H9–6. VERBENACEAE winter. Z13–15 H12–10. var. metallica,
D. dilatata, syn. D. austriaca (Broad syn. E. gibbiflora ‘Metallica’ has white- or
Genus of fast-growing, evergreen or
buckler fern). Deciduous or semievergreen red-margined, purple-green leaves that
partially deciduous trees and shrubs,
fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Has much- mature to green-bronze. ‘Metallica’. See
divided, arching, mid-green fronds, with E. gibbiflora var. metallica.
appearance. Needs full light and fertile,
triangular to oval pinnae, on sturdy, dark E. harmsii, syn. Oliveranthus elegans.
brown stems. Z6–8 H8–5. Bushy, perennial succulent. H 8in (20cm),
D. erythrosora, illus. p.293. S 12in (30cm). Erect stems are each
other times. Prune as necessary to curb
D. filix-mas, illus. p.293. ‘Grandiceps crowned by rosette, 21/2in (6cm) wide, of
vigor. Propagate by seed in spring or
Wills’ is a deciduous fern. H and S 3ft short, narrowly lance-shaped, pale green
by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
(90m). Has “shuttlecocks” of broadly lance- leaves covered in short hairs. In spring
may be troublesome.
shaped, tasselled, arching, mid-green bears cup-shaped, orange-tipped, red
D. erecta, syn. D. plumieri, D. repens,
fronds, arising from crowns of large, flowers, yellow within. Z13–15 H12–10.
illus. p.319. ‘Gold Edge’, illus. p.319.
upright, brown-scaled rhizomes. Tip E. montana. Rosetted, perennial
D. plumieri. See D. erecta.
of each frond has a heavy crest, and pinnae succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm).
D. repens. See D. erecta.
are also finely crested. Spoon-shaped, pointed, waxy-bloomed,
D. goldieana (Giant wood fern, Goldie’s light green leaves are produced in a small,
fern). Deciduous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft DUVALIA short-stemmed, clustered rosette. Slender
(60cm). Has broadly oval, light green ASCLEPIADACEAE flower stem, 12–16in (30–40cm) long, bears
fronds divided into numerous oblong, cup-shaped, yellow to orange flowers in
Genus of clump-forming or carpeting,
indented pinnae. Z6–8 H8–5. summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
perennial succulents with short, thick,
D. hirtipes. See D. cycadina. E. pulvinata (Plush plant). Bushy,
leafless stems; is closely related to
D. marginalis (Marginal wood fern). perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
Stapelia. Star-shaped flowers have
Deciduous fern. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (50cm). Has brown-haired stems topped by
thick, fleshy petals recurved at tips.
(30cm). Fronds are lance-shaped, dark rosette of thick, rounded, green leaves that
Requires partial shade and very well-
green and divided into numerous oblong, become red-edged in fall. Leaves have
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
slightly indented pinnae. Z3–8 H8–1. short, white hairs. Bears red flowers in
cuttings in spring or summer.
D. pseudomas. See D. affinis. spring. Z12–15 H12–10.
D. corderoyi, illus. p.493.
D. sieboldii. Semievergreen, tufted fern. E. secunda, illus. p.487.
568 H and S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Produces erect Duvernoia adhatodoides. See Justicia E. setosa (Mexican firecracker). Basal-
or arching, long-stalked, yellowish-green adhatoda. rosetted, perennial succulent. H 11/2in (4cm),
ECHINOPSIS
S 12in (30cm). Has long, narrow, mid-green florets and a central, dark brown cone, out H to 24in (60cm), S to 32in (80cm). Spined,
leaves covered in short, thick, white hairs. of which develop further, smaller ray green stem has 30 ribs. Woolly crown ECHINOPS
Bears cup-shaped, red-and-yellow flowers florets. ELTON KNIGHT (‘Elbrook’), H 2ft bears a ring of straw-colored flowers in Globe thistle
in spring. Is prone to rotting: do not water (60cm) has a compact, bushy habit and summer, only on stems more than 15in COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
foliage. Z13–15 H12–10. produces numerous flower heads with (38cm) wide. Z9–10 H10–8.
Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
horizontal, bright pink ray florets and a E. ingens. See E. platyacanthus.
grown for their globelike, spiky flower
central, purplish-red cone. ‘Fragrant E. myriostigma. See Astrophytum
ECHINACEA Angel’ (illus. p.221), H 3ft (1m), bears myriostigma.
heads. Does best in full sun and in poor
Coneflower soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall
fragrant flower heads with overlapping, E. ornatus. See Astrophytum ornatum.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE or by root cuttings in winter. Flower
horizontal, white ray florets, sometimes E. platyacanthus, syn. E. ingens. Slow-
heads dry well.
Genus of summer-flowering perennials. green tinged, and a central, orange cone. growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus.
H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Gray-blue stem has E. bannaticus. Upright perennial. H 4–5ft
Prefers sun and rich, moist but well- ‘Kim’s Knee High’, H 2ft (60cm) has a
a woolly crown and up to 50 ribs. Funnel- (1.2–1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has narrow,
drained soil. Propagate by division or compact habit and produces masses of
shaped, yellow flowers, 11/4in (3cm) across, deeply cut leaves and pale to mid-blue
root cuttings in spring. small, warm pink flower heads with
are produced in summer only on plants heads of spherical flowers, borne on
E. angustifolia, illus. p.221. Clump- reflexed ray florets and a central, orange
more than 16in (40cm) in diameter. Z12–15 branching stems in late summer. Z5–9
forming perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 18in cone. ‘Kim’s Mop Head’, H 20–24in
H12–10. H9–5. ‘Taplow Blue’, illus. p.241.
(45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, hairy, (50–60cm), has a compact habit and
E. scheeri. See Sclerocactus scheeri. E. ritro ‘Veitch’s Blue’. Upright
dark green leaves. In summer, upright produces near-horizontal, white ray florets
E. uncinatus. See Sclerocactus uncinatus. perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
stems bear solitary, daisylike flower heads and a central, greenish-orange cone.
Sharply divided, dark green leaves are
with narrow, reflexed, pale pinkish-purple ‘Magnus’ (illus. p.221), H 3ft (1m),
covered in down beneath. Has round,
ray florets and a central, orange-brown produces large, red-pink flower heads with ECHINOCEREUS thistle-like, purplish-blue heads of flowers
cone. Needs an open position. Z4–9 H9–1. rather broad, overlapping, horizontal ray Hedgehog cactus borne in late summer on silvery stems.
E. ‘Green Envy’. Clump-forming, erect florets. ‘Razzmatazz’ (illus. p.221), H 36in
CACTACEAE Z3–9 H11–1.
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 12in (30cm). (90cm), has soft pink flower heads, the
Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial E. sphaerocephalus. Massive, bushy
Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. central cone of which develops into a
cacti, freely branching with age, some with perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has deeply
In summer, upright stems bear solitary, rounded pompom of shorter, reddish-pink
tuberous rootstocks. Buds, formed inside cut, mid-green leaves, pale gray beneath,
daisylike, lime-green flower heads with ray florets. May need staking. ‘Robert
spiny stem, burst through skin, producing and gray stems bearing round, grayish-
a central, greenish-purple cone and rather Bloom’ illus. p.234. ‘Rubinstern’, H 32in
long-lasting flowers, with reflexed petal white flower heads in late summer. Z3–9
broad, overlapping ray florets, which are (80cm), bears large, reddish-pink flowers
with horizontal ray florets and a central, tips and prominent, green stigmas, H9–1.
pinkish-purple at bases. Z4–9 H9–1.
E. ‘Green Jewel’. Clump-forming, erect brownish-red cone. ‘Ruby Giant’, H 32in followed by pear-shaped, spiny seed pods.
perennial. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 12in (80cm), produces sturdy stems bearing rich Some species tolerate light frost if dry. ECHINOPSIS
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green pink flower heads with a second row of ray Needs full sun and very well-drained soil. Easter lily cactus, Sea urchin cactus
leaves. In summer, upright stems bear florets; these are held horizontally, giving Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.
CACTACEAE
solitary, daisylike, soft-green flower heads flowers an impression of greater size than
selections with drooping ray florets. E. baileyi. See E. reichenbachii var. baileyi. Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
with rather short, overlapping ray florets
‘Sundown’ (illus. p.221), H 32in (80cm), E. cinerascens. Clump-forming, cacti, mostly freely branching; it is
and a central, bright green cone. Z4–9 H9–1.
perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). sometimes held to include Trichocereus.
E. ‘Harvest Moon’, illus. p.221. Clump- has a variable form and flower color, and
Has stems 3in (7cm) wide, each with 5–12 Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
forming, erect perennial. H to 24in (60cm), bears usually overlapping, near-horizontal,
S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark warm orange ray florets and a central, dark ribs. Areoles each bear 8–15 yellowish- Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
or summer.
E
green leaves. In summer, upright often orange cone. ‘White Lustre’, H 4ft (1.2m), white spines. Mature plants produce
masses of trumpet-shaped, bright pink or E. aurea, syn. Lobivia aurea, Pseudolobivia
branched stems bear daisylike flower has lance-shaped leaves and produces
purple flowers, 5in (12cm) across and with aurea, Lobivia cylindrica, illus. p.495.
heads with rather reflexed, orange-tinged, strong stems bearing white flower heads
paler petal bases, in spring. Z12–15 H12–10. E. backebergii, syn. E. backerbergii
soft yellow ray florets and a central, with a prominent, central, orange-brown
E. leucanthus, syn. Wilcoxia albiflora, subsp. backebergii, Lobivia backebergii,
greenish-yellow cone. Z4–9 H9–1. cone. Z3–9 H12–1. ‘White Swan’, H 28in illus. p.491. subsp. backebergii. See
E. paradoxa, illus. p.221. Clump-forming (70cm), bears rather reflexed, warm white illus. p.482.
E. pectinatus. Columnar cactus. H 14in E. backebergii.
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 12in (30cm) or ray florets and a central, orange-brown E. bridgesii. See E. lageniformis.
more. Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark cone. (35cm), S 8in (20cm). Has sparsely
E. candicans, syn. Trichocereus candicans,
E. ‘Tiki Torch’. Clump-forming, erect branched, green stems with 12–23 ribs
green leaves. In summer, upright stems illus. p.492.
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 12in (30cm). and short, comblike spines, often variably
bear solitary, daisylike, bright yellow E. chamaecereus, syn. Chamaecereus
Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In colored. In spring bears trumpet-shaped,
flower heads with drooping, long, slender silvestrii, Lobivia silvestrii, illus. p.486.
summer, upright stems bear solitary, purple, pink or yellow flowers, 5in (12cm)
ray florets and a central, dark brown cone. E. cinnabarina, syn. Lobivia cinnabarina.
daisylike, bright orange flower heads with across, with paler bases. Z12–15 H12–10.
Needs an open position. Z4–8 H8–1. Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 6in
E. pentalophus, syn. E. procumbens, illus.
E. PIXIE MEADOWBRITE (‘CBG Cone 2’). a central, reddish-brown cone and rather (15cm). Glossy, dark green stem has about
p.484.
Compact perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in reflexed ray florets, which are darkest at 20 warty ribs and mostly curved, dark
E. procumbens. See E. pentalophus.
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green bases. Z4–9 H9–1. spines. In summer bears funnel-shaped to
E. reichenbachii. Columnar cactus.
leaves. In summer, sturdy, well-branched E. ‘Tomato Soup’. Clump-forming, erect flattish, carmine-red flowers, 3in (8cm)
H 14in (35cm), S 8in (20cm). Slightly
stems bear solitary, daisylike, bright pink perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 12in (30cm). across. Z13–15 H12–10.
branched, multicolored stem with 12–23 E. eyriesii. See E. oxygona.
flower heads with horizontal ray florets Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In
ribs has comblike spines, 5/8in (1.5cm) long. E. lageniformis, syn. E. bridgesii,
and a central, greenish-pink cone, which summer, upright stems bear daisylike,
Trumpet-shaped, pink or purple flowers, Trichocereus bridgesii, illus. p.489.
matures to crimson. Z4–9 H9–1. fiery orange-red flower heads with ray
5in (12cm) across, with darker petal bases, E. marsoneri, syn. Lobivia haageana, illus.
E. purpurea, syn. Rudbeckia purpurea florets held more or less horizontally and
are produced in spring. Z13–15 H12–10. p.491.
(Purple coneflower). Erect perennial. H 4ft a central, greenish-brown cone. Z4–9 H9–1.
var. baileyi, syn. E. baileyi, illus. p.484. E. multiplex. See E. oxygona.
(1.2m) or more, S 11/2ft (45cm) or more. Has
E. schmollii, syn. Wilcoxia schmollii, illus. E. oxygona, syn. E. eyriesii, E. multiplex,
oval, hairy, dark green, basal leaves. From
ECHINOCACTUS p.492. Echinocactus eyriesii, illus. p.481.
summer to mid-fall, branching stems bear
Barrel cactus E. triglochidiatus. Clump-forming, E. pentlandii, syn. Lobivia pentlandii,
solitary, daisylike, pinkish-purple or white
CACTACEAE perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), S 6in illus. p.491.
flower heads with horizontal or reflexed
(15cm). Has a short, thick, dark green stem E. rhodotricha. Spherical to columnar,
ray florets and a central, orange-brown Genus of slow-growing, hemispherical,
with 3–5 spines, to 1in (2.5cm) long, per perennial cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
cone. Is best in an open position. Z3–9 perennial cacti. Cold temperatures cause
areole. In spring bears funnel-shaped, Produces branching, dark green stems,
H9–1. ‘Coconut Lime’ (illus. p.221), yellow patches on E. grusonii. Requires
bright red flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with 31/2in (9cm) across, with 8–13 ribs. Curved,
H to 2ft (60cm), has reflexed, white ray full sun and very well-drained soil.
red stamens and green stigmas. Z11–12 dark spines, 3/4in (2cm) long, later turn pale.
florets and a central cone that develops Yellow-flowered species are easy to
H12–9. var. paucispinus illus. p.496. Has tubular, white to pink flowers in
into a rounded pompom of shorter, green grow. Propagate by seed in spring.
spring–summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
florets forming a shuttlecock-shaped E. asterias. See Astrophytum asterias. Echinodorus ranunculoides. See E. spachiana, syn. Cereus spachianus,
head. ‘Doppelganger’. See E. purpurea E. chilensis. See Eriosyce chilensis. Baldellia ranunculoides. Trichocereus spachianus, illus. p.492.
‘Doubledecker’. ‘Doubledecker’, syn. E. eyriesii. See Echinopsis oxygona. Echinofossulocactus. See Stenocactus.
E. purpurea ‘Doppelganger’ (illus. p.221), E. grusonii (Golden barrel cactus). Slow- Echinomastus macdowellii. See Echioides longiflorum. See Arnebia 569
H 3ft (1m), has reflexed, magenta-pink ray growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus. Thelocactus macdowellii. pulchra.
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ECHIUM
E. macrophylla. Evergreen, bushy,

ECHIUM EGERIA dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Broadly ELEUTHEROCOCCUS
BORAGINACEAE HYDROCHARITACEAE/RESTIONACEAE oval leaves are silvery-gray when young, SYN. ACANTHOPANAX
becoming glossy and dark green above, ARALIACEAE
Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs, Genus of semievergreen or evergreen,
but remaining silvery-gray beneath,
biennials and perennials, grown for their perennial, floating or submerged water Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
when mature. Fragrant, bell-shaped,
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well- plants, grown for their foliage. Is similar grown for their foliage and fruits. Produces
creamy-yellow flowers, silvery outside,
drained soil. Water container specimens to Elodea, but has more conspicuous tiny, usually greenish-white flowers.
are produced from mid- to late fall,
freely in summer, moderately at other flowers, held above water surface. Prefers full sun and needs well-drained soil.
Plants are useful for oxygenating water followed by egg-shaped, red fruits.
times. Propagate by seed in spring or Propagate by seed in spring or by root
in aquariums and provide a suitable Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Aureovariegata’. See E.
by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in cuttings in late winter.
summer. Whitefly may sometimes be depository for fish spawn. Needs a sunny pungens ‘Maculata’.
E. sieboldianus, illus. p.138.
troublesome. T All parts may cause mild position. Thin regularly to keep under E. pungens ‘Maculata’, syn. E. pungens
stomach upset if ingested; contact with control. Some species are invasive if ‘Aureovariegata’, illus. p.119. Elliottia paniculata. See Tripetaleia
the foliage may irritate skin. allowed to escape cultivation. Propagate E. umbellata, illus. p.113. paniculata.
E. bourgaeanum. See E. wildpretii. by stem cuttings in spring or summer. Elodea crispa of gardens. See
Lagarosiphon major.
E. vulgare (Blueweed, Viper’s bugloss) E. densa, syn. Anacharis densa, Elodea ELAEOCARPUS Elodea densa. See Egeria densa.
(dwarf). Moderately fast-growing, erect, densa. Semievergreen perennial,
ELAEOCARPACEAE
bushy annual or biennial. H 12in (30cm), spreading, submerged water plant. for
S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green aquariums. S indefinite. Forms a mass of Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer- ELSHOLTZIA
leaves. Spikes of tubular flowers, in white, small, lance-shaped, whorled, dark green flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
their flowers and foliage. Requires full LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
pink, blue or purple, are borne in summer. leaves borne on long, wiry stems. Small,
Z3–8 H8–1. 3-parted, white flowers are produced in sun or partial shade and fertile, well- Genus of perennials and deciduous
E. wildpretii, syn. E. bourgaeanum. summer. E. densa is considered a noxious drained but not dry soil. Water container shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
Evergreen, erect, unbranched biennial that weed in many regions of North America, plants freely when in growth, less in flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
dies after fruiting. H 8ft (2.5m) or more, and should be restricted to aquarium winter. Current season’s growth may drained soil. Cut back old shoots hard in
S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly lance-shaped, silver- plantings. Z6–15 H12–6. be cut back in winter. Propagate by seed early spring. Propagate by softwood
haired leaves, 1ft (30cm) long, form a dense in spring or by semiripe cuttings in cuttings in summer.
E. stauntonii. Deciduous, open subshrub.
rosette. Has compact spires, 3–5ft (1–1.5m) EHRETIA summer. Red spider mite and whitefly
H and S 5in (1.5m). Sharply toothed, mint-
long, of small, funnel-shaped, red flowers may cause problems.
in late spring and early summer. Z9–10
BORAGINACEAE E. cyaneus, syn. E. reticulatus scented, dark green leaves turn red in fall.
H10–8. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering (Blueberry ash). Evergreen, rounded Slender spires of pale purple blooms are
trees, grown for their foliage and star- shrub or tree. H and S 10ft (3m). Bears produced in late summer–fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
shaped flowers. May suffer cold damage elliptic to lance-shaped, toothed, lustrous
EDGEWORTHIA when young. Requires sun or partial shade leaves and, in summer, bell-shaped,
Elymus arenarius. See Leymus
THYMELAEACEAE arenarius.
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by fringed, white flowers, and globular, blue
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for softwood cuttings in summer. fruits in fall. Z14–15 H12–10.
their flowers in late winter and early E. dicksonii, illus. p.88. E. reticulatus. See E. cyaneus. EMBOTHRIUM
spring. Is best grown against a south- or PROTEACEAE
E west-facing wall where marginally hardy. EICHHORNIA ELATOSTEMA Genus of evergreen or semievergreen trees,
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
PONTEDERIACEAE SYN. PELLIONIA grown for their flowers. Provide shelter
Dislikes being transplanted. Propagate
from cold winds. Needs partial shade and
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by Genus of evergreen or semievergreen, URTICACEAE
moist but well-drained, acidic soil. Propagate
seed in fall. perennial, floating and marginal water Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials by suckers in spring or fall or by seed in fall.
E. chrysantha, syn. E. papyrifera, illus. plants. Needs an open, sunny position in and subshrubs that make useful E. coccineum, illus. p.86.
p.126. warm water. Considered a noxious weed groundcover. Requires humid conditions,
E. papyrifera. See E. chrysantha. in the southern United States, it grows indirect light and moist soil. Propagate
prolifically and requires regular thinning from stem cuttings in spring or summer. EMILIA
year-round. Propagate by detaching young SYN. CACALIA
EDRAIANTHUS plants as required.
E. pulchra, syn. E. repens var. pulchra.
Evergreen, slightly fleshy perennial COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
CAMPANULACEAE E. crassipes, syn. E. speciosa, illus. p.441.
with rooting, creeping stems. H 3–4in Genus of annuals and perennials with
Genus of short-lived perennials, some of E. speciosa. See E. crassipes.
(8–10cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Broadly flowers that are good for cutting. Is
which are evergreen, usually growing from oval leaves, 2in (5cm) long, are blackish- ideal for hot, dry areas and coastal soils.
central rootstocks. In winter, a small bud is ELAEAGNUS green with dark green veins above, Requires sun and very well-drained soil.
just visible from each rootstock. In spring, purple below. Flowers are insignificant.
ELAEAGNACEAE Propagate by seed sown under glass in
prostrate stems radiate to carry leaves Z13–15 H12–10.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen spring, or outdoors in late spring.
and flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens, E. repens, syn. Pellionia daveauana,
shrubs and trees, grown for their foliage E. coccinea, syn. E. flammea, E. javanica,
screes and troughs. Needs sun and well- Pellionia repens, illus. p.473. var. pulchra.
and small, usually fragrant flowers, illus. p.327.
drained soil. Propagate by softwood See E. pulchra.
and ornamental fruits. Evergreens E. flammea. See E. coccinea.
cuttings from sideshoots in early summer
make good shelter belts or hedging, E. javanica of gardens. See E. coccinea.
or by seed in fall.
E. dalmaticus. Upright, then arching particularly in coastal areas. Most ELEGIA
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). evergreen species thrive in sun or RESTIONACEAE EMMENOPTERYS
Bears narrowly lance-shaped, pale green shade, but silver-leaved and deciduous
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES RUBIACEAE
leaves and, in early summer, terminal species prefer full sun. Requires fertile,
well-drained soil. Trim hedges in late and SEDGES. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
clusters of bell-shaped, violet-blue flowers,
summer. Propagate by seed in fall, E. capensis, illus. p.285. their foliage; flowers only appear in hot
1in (2.5cm) across. Z8–9 H9–8.
evergreen forms also by semiripe summers. Even where reliably hardy,
E. pumilio, illus. p.368.
E. serpyllifolius, syn. Wahlenbergia cuttings in summer, deciduous forms ELEOCHARIS young growths may be damaged by late
by softwood or semiripe cuttings in frosts. Needs full sun and deep, fertile,
serpyllifolia, illus. p.367. ‘Major’ is an CYPERACEAE
summer. well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
evergreen, prostrate perennial. H 1⁄2in
E. angustifolia, illus. p.116. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES cuttings in summer.
(1cm), S to 2in (5cm). Has tight mats of
E. x ebbingei. Evergreen, bushy, and SEDGES. E. henryi, illus. p.75.
tiny, oval, dark green leaves. In early
dense shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Has E. acicularis (Needle spike-rush).
summer, bell-shaped, deep violet flowers,
Evergreen, rhizomatous, perennial sedge.
5
/8in (1.5cm) wide, are borne on very short oblong to oval, glossy, dark green leaves,
H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Basal, mid-
ENCEPHALARTOS
stems. Needs a sheltered site. Seldom sets silvery beneath. Fragrant, bell-shaped,
silvery-white flowers are borne from green leaves are very narrow. Hairless, ZAMIACEAE
seed.
mid- to late fall. Z7–11 H12–7. ‘Gilt unbranched, square stems produce solitary, Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
570 Edwardsia microphylla. See Sophora Edge’ have golden-yellow margins. tiny, brown spikelets in summer. Z9–11 grown for their palmlike leaves. Needs full
microphylla. Z7–10 H10–7. ‘Limelight’, illus. p.139. H12–9. sun and well-drained soil. Water container
EPIPREMNUM
plants moderately when in full growth, less Z4–8 H8–2. f. violaceum has young leaves
at other times. Propagate by seed in spring. EPACRIS EPILOBIUM that are flushed bronze and produces
E. ferox, illus. p.457. SYN. CHAMAENERION, CHAMERION purple-and-white flowers.
ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE
E. longifolius. Slow-growing, evergreen Willow herb E. x perralchicum. Evergreen, carpeting
Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs,
tree, sometimes branched with age. ONAGRACEAE perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
grown for their flowers. Needs full sun
H 10ft (3m) or more, S 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m). Short spires of pendent, yellow flowers,
and rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic Genus of annuals, biennials, semievergreen
Has feather-shaped leaves, 2–5ft with short spurs, are borne in spring.
soil. Water container plants moderately and deciduous perennials and subshrubs,
(60cm–1.5m) long, divided into narrowly Leaves, divided into rounded to oval
when in full growth, less at other times. grown for their deep pink to white flowers
lance-shaped to oval, blue-green leaflets, leaflets, are dark green. Z5–8 H8–5.
Cut back flowered stems after flowering to in summer. Is useful on dry banks; many
usually with hook-tipped teeth. Conelike, E. perralderianum. Semievergreen,
maintain a neat habit. Propagate by seed in species are invasive. Tolerates sun or shade
brown flower heads are produced carpeting perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in
spring or semiripe cuttings in late summer. and prefers moist but well-drained soil.
intermittently. Z11 H12–10. (45cm). Clusters of small, pendent, short-
E. impressa, illus. p.455. Propagate species by seed in fall, selected
spurred, bright yellow flowers are borne
forms by softwood cuttings from
in spring. Has large, toothed, glossy,
ENCYCLIA EPHEDRA
sideshoots in spring.
deep green leaves, divided into rounded
E. angustifolium f. album, illus. p.216.
ORCHIDACEAE to oval leaflets. Z5–8 H8–5.
EPHEDRACEAE E. californicum. See Zauschneria
See also ORCHIDS. E. pinnatum subsp. colchicum.
californica.
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for Evergreen, carpeting perennial. H and
E. cochleata. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid E. canum. See Zauschneria californica
their habit and green shoots. Makes good S 12in (30cm). In spring, clusters of small,
for a cool greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). subsp. cana.
groundcover in dry soil. Grow male and pendent, bright yellow flowers, with
Upright spikes of green flowers, 2in (5cm) E. chlorifolium var. kaikourense.
female plants together in order to obtain short spurs, are produced above dark
long, with dark purple lips at the top and Clump-forming, deciduous, woody-based
fruits. Requires full sun and well-drained green leaves, hairy when young, divided
ribbon-like sepals and petals, are produced perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by division into oval leaflets. Z5–9 H9–4.
in summer and, on mature plants, persistent, oval, hairy, bronze and dark
in fall or spring. E. pubigerum. Evergreen, carpeting
intermittently throughout the year. Has green leaves. Produces short spikes of
E. gerardiana. Evergreen, spreading perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has heart-
narrowly oval leaves, 6in (15cm) long. funnel-shaped, white to pink flowers in
shrub with slender, erect, rushlike, green shaped, divided, smooth, dense foliage and
Requires partial shade in summer. Z14–15 summer. Z4–6 H6–1.
shoots. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Leaves and E. glabellum of gardens, illus. p.360.
clusters of cup-shaped, creamy-white or
H12–10.
flowers are inconspicuous. Bears small, E. obcordatum. Clump-forming pink flowers in spring. Z5–9 H9–4.
E. radiata. Evergreen, epiphytic
spherical, red fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Oval E. x rubrum, illus. p.260.
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 10in
leaves are glossy green. Spikes of open E. x versicolor. Clump-forming perennial.
(25cm). Bears upright spikes of very
H and S 12in (30cm). Small, pendent clusters
fragrant, rounded, creamy-white EPIDENDRUM cup-shaped, deep rose-pink flowers are
of yellow flowers, with long, red-tinged
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across, with red- borne in summer. Is good for a rock garden
ORCHIDACEAE spurs, are produced in spring. Heart-
lined, white lips, in summer. Narrowly or alpine house. Requires a sheltered
See also ORCHIDS. position and full sun. In cultivation may not shaped, fresh green leaves are divided into
oval leaves are 4–6in (10–15cm) long. oval leaflets that are tinted reddish-purple.
E. difforme. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid retain character, especially in mild climates.
Z14–15 H12–10. Z5–9 H9–4. ‘Neosulphureum’, illus. p.262.
for an intermediate greenhouse. H 9in Z5–8 H8–5.
Endymion. See Hyacinthoides. (23cm). Large heads of semitranslucent, E. septentrionale. See Zauschneria E. x warleyense, illus. p.263.
green flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) across, are septentrionalis. E. x youngianum ‘Niveum’, illus. p.254.
produced in fall. Has oval, rigid leaves,
ENKIANTHUS E
1–2in (2.5–5cm) long. Requires shade in
EPIMEDIUM EPIPHYLLUM
ERICACEAE summer. Avoid spraying, which can cause Orchid cactus
Barrenwort
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, spotting of leaves. Propagate by division
BERBERIDACEAE CACTACEAE
spring-flowering shrubs and trees, grown in spring. Z14–15 H12–10.
E. ibaguense, syn. E. radicans. Evergreen, Genus of spring-flowering perennials, Genus of perennial cacti with strap-shaped,
for their mass of small, bell- or urn-shaped
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. some of which are evergreen. Flowers flattened, green stems that have notched
flowers and their fall color. Needs sun or
are cup-shaped with long or short spurs. edges. Flowers are produced at notches.
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil. H 6ft (2m) or more. Produces a succession
Makes good groundcover. Fully hardy. Needs sun or partial shade and rich, well-
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer of feathery-lipped, deep red flowers, 1/4in
Does best in partial shade and rich, moist drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings in
or by seed in fall. (0.5cm) across. Leaves, 1–2in (2.5–5cm)
but well-drained soil. Cut back just before spring or summer.
E. campanulatus, illus. p.111. long, are oval and rigid. Grow in partial
new growth appears in spring. Propagate E. ackermannii. See Disocactus
E. cernuus f. rubens, illus. p.123. shade in summer. Propagate by tip cuttings
by division in spring or fall. ackermannii.
E. perulatus, illus. p.120. in spring. Z14 H12–6.
E. alpinum. Evergreen, clump-forming E. anguliger, illus. p.494.
E. radicans. See E. ibaguense.
perennial. H 9in (23cm), S to 12in (30cm). E. crenatum. Erect, then pendent,
ENSETE Racemes of pendent, short-spurred perennial cactus. H and S 10ft (3m). Has
MUSACEAE EPIGAEA flowers, with crimson sepals and yellow a flattened stem. Bears lightly perfumed,
ERICACEAE petals, are produced in spring. Has finely funnel-shaped, broad-petaled, white
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
toothed, glossy leaves divided into oval, flowers, 8in (20cm) across, in spring–
their foliage, which resembles that of Genus of evergreen, prostrate, spring-
angled, mid-green leaflets, bronze when summer. Is often used as a parent for
bananas, and fruits. Has false stems made flowering subshrubs. Needs shade and
young. Z4–9 H9–4. breeding. Z11–12 H12–1.
of overlapping leaf sheaths that die after rich, moist, acidic soil. Most are difficult E. laui, illus. p.482.
E. ‘Amber Queen’, illus. p.263.
flowering. Needs sun or partial shade and to cultivate. Propagate by seed in spring E. oxypetalum. Erect, then pendent,
E. davidii. Vigorous, evergreen,
rich soil. Propagate by seed in spring or or by softwood cuttings in early summer. perennial cactus. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m).
groundcover perennial. H 12in (30cm),
by division year-round. E. asiatica. Evergreen, creeping Produces freely branching, flattened stems,
S 16in (40cm). Dainty, mid-green leaves
E. ventricosum, syn. Musa arnoldiana, subshrub. H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm). 5in (12cm) across. In spring–summer bears
are tinged bronze when young and divided
Musa ensete, illus. p.474. Stems and heart-shaped, deep green leaves nocturnal, tubular, white flowers, 10in
into rounded heart-shaped, toothed
are covered with brown hairs. Bears leaflets. Produces clusters of pendent, long- (25cm) long. Makes a good house plant.
terminal clusters of 3–6 tiny, slightly
EOMECON spurred, butter-yellow flowers in spring. Z11–12 H12–1.
fragrant, urn-shaped, white or pink flowers Z5–9 H9–4.
PAPAVERACEAE in spring. Z5–7 H7–5.
Genus of one species of perennial. Is E. gaultherioides, syn. Orphanidesia
E. epsteinii, illus. p.260. EPIPREMNUM
E. grandiflorum ‘Crimson Beauty’
SYN. POTHOS
suitable for large rock gardens. Needs sun gaultherioides, illus. p.351. Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or E. repens (Mayflower, Trailing arbutus). (30cm). Racemes of pendent, long-spurred, ARACEAE
runners in spring. Evergreen, creeping subshrub. H 4in copper-crimson flowers are produced in Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
E. chionantha (Snow poppy). Vigorous, (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Hairy stems, bearing spring at the same time as heart-shaped, root climbers, including Pothos, grown
spreading perennial. H to 16in (40cm), heart-shaped, leathery leaves, root at copper-marked, light green leaves, divided for their foliage. Grow in light shade
S indefinite. Leaves are large, palmate intervals. In spring produces terminal into oval leaflets, which mature to mid- away from direct sun; any well-drained,
and gray. Erect stems bear long panicles clusters of 4–6 cup-shaped, white flowers, green. ‘Rose Queen’ has wiry stems moisture-retentive soil is suitable. Water
of small, poppy-like, white flowers in sometimes flushed pink. Is relatively easy bearing clusters of cup-shaped, deep pink regularly, less in cold weather. Stems 571
summer. Z7–9 H9–7. to grow. Z3–9 H9–1. flowers with white-tipped spurs in spring. need good supports. Remove shoot tips
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EPISCIA
to induce branching at any time. Propagate E. atropurpureum. See E. spectabilis. Erect perennial. H 4ft flowers, with deep pink sepals, set against
by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings in late Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum. (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears long racemes of dark green leaves. ‘December Red’ has
spring or by layering in summer. T All E. nervosum. See E. pulchellum. pale yellow flowers, with brick-red anthers, a spreading habit, vigorous growth and
parts may cause severe discomfort E. pulchellum, syn. E. nervosum. in early summer. Leaves are strap-shaped, deep rose-pink flowers borne in winter.
if ingested, and contact with the sap Evergreen, erect shrub. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), in basal rosettes. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Foxhollow’, a vigorous, spreading
of E. aureum may irritate skin. S 2ft (60cm) or more. Produces elliptic to cultivar, has foliage that is golden-yellow
E. aureum ‘Marble Queen’, syn. oval, prominently veined, deep green in summer, with orange tips in spring, and
Scindapsus aureus ‘Marble Queen’, leaves. Blue flowers, each with a tube
ERIA a few pale pink flowers. ‘Golden Starlet’
illus. p.460. 11/4in (3cm) long and rounded petal lobes, ORCHIDACEAE (illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm),
E. pictum ‘Argyraeum’. See Scindapsus are produced in winter–spring. Z13–15 See also ORCHIDS. bears white flowers set on lime-green
pictus ‘Argyraeus’. H12–10. E. coronaria, syn. Trichosma suavis. foliage that turns a glowing yellow in
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool summer. ‘Ice Princess’, H 6in (15cm),
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Sprays of S 14in (35cm), has white flowers held erect
EPISCIA ERANTHIS
fragrant, rounded, creamy-white flowers, on bright green foliage. ‘Isabell’, H 6in
Flame violet RANUNCULACEAE 1
/2in (1cm) across, with red- and yellow- (15cm), S 14in (35cm), has large, white
GESNERIACEAE Genus of clump-forming perennials, with marked lips, are produced in fall. Has flowers on bright green foliage, and an
Genus of evergreen, low-growing and knobby tubers, grown for their cup-shaped broadly oval, glossy leaves, 4in (10cm) long. erect but spreading habit. ‘King George’,
creeping perennials, grown for their flowers surrounded by leaflike ruffs of Needs partial shade in summer and moist H 8in (20cm), has dark green foliage and
ornamental leaves and colorful flowers. bracts. Prefers partial shade and rich soil, compost year-round. Z6–8 H8–6. deep rose-pink flowers from early winter
Is useful as groundcover or in hanging well-drained but not drying out excessively. to mid-spring. ‘Loughrigg’, H 6in (15cm),
baskets. Requires high humidity, a shaded Dies down in summer. Propagate by seed produces dark purplish-red flowers from
site and rich, well-drained soil. Keep well in fall or by division of clumps immediately
ERICA late winter to spring. ‘March Seedling’
Heath
watered, but avoid waterlogging. after flowering while still in leaf. T All has a spreading habit, dark green foliage
Propagate in summer by stem cuttings, parts may cause mild stomach upset if ERICACEAE and rich, rose-purple flowers. ‘Myretoun
division or removing rooted runners. ingested, and contact with the sap may See also HEATHERS. Ruby’, H 8in (20cm), is vigorous but
E. cupreata, illus. p.471. ‘Metallica’ is irritate skin. E. arborea (Tree heath). Evergreen, compact with brilliant deep purple-red
an evergreen, creeping perennial. H 4in E. hyemalis, illus. p.429. upright, shrublike tree heather. H 20ft (6m), flowers in late winter and early spring.
(10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, downy, E. x tubergenii ‘Guinea Gold’. Late S 5ft (1.5m). Liable to damage from frost ‘Nathalie’, H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm),
wrinkled leaves, tinged pink to copper winter- or early spring-flowering, tuberous and cold winds. Has needlelike, bright the deepest and brightest of the E. carnea
and with broad, silvery bands along perennial. H 3–4in (8–10cm), S 11/2–21/2in green leaves in whorls of 3 or 4 and bears cultivars, has purple flowers, neat, dark
midribs. Funnel-shaped, orange-red (4–6cm). Stems each bear a stalkless, deep scented, bell-shaped, white flowers from green foliage and a compact, upright habit.
flowers, marked yellow within, are borne golden-yellow flower, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) late winter to late spring. May tolerate ‘Pink Spangles’, H 6in (15cm), is vigorous
intermittently. Z14–15 H9–1. ‘Tropical across, surrounded by a bronze-green slightly alkaline soil. Z9–10 H10–9. with flowers that have shell-pink sepals and
Topaz’ has yellow flowers. bract, cut into narrow lobes. Rounded ‘Albert’s Gold’, H 6ft (2m), retains its deeper pink corollas. ‘Pirbright Rose’ is
E. dianthiflora, syn. Alsobia dianthiflora, leaves are divided into finger-shaped lobes. golden foliage year-round. var. alpina very floriferous with bright pink flowers
illus. p.465. Z4–9 H9–1. (illus. p.166) has vivid green foliage and from early winter to early spring. ‘R.B.
E. lilacina. Evergreen, low-growing compact racemes of white flowers. May Cooke’, H 8in (20cm), bears clear pink
perennial, with runners bearing plantlets.
H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, hairy,
ERCILLA be pruned hard to keep its shape and to flowers from early winter to early spring.
encourage new growth. ‘Rosalie’, H 6in (15cm), S 14in (35cm), has
SYN. BRIDGESIA
E pale green leaves, to 3in (8cm) long. E. australis (Spanish heath, Spanish tree bright pink flowers, bronze-green foliage
Funnel-shaped, white flowers, tinged PHYTOLACCACEAE heath). Evergreen, shrublike tree heather. and a low, upright but spreading habit.
mauve and with yellow eyes, are produced Genus of evergreen, root climbers, grown H to 7ft (2.2m), S 3ft (1m). Stems may be ‘Springwood White’ (illus. p.166), H 6in
in small clusters from fall to spring. Z11–12 for their neat, green leaves and green and damaged by snow and frost. Has needlelike (15cm), the most vigorous white cultivar, is
H12–1. Leaves of ‘Cuprea’are bronze- purple flower spikes. Needs sun or partial leaves in whorls of 4 and tubular to bell- excellent as groundcover and bears large,
tinged. shade and well-drained soil. Prune after shaped, white or purplish-pink flowers in white flowers, with brown anthers, from
flowering, if required. Propagate by stem spring. May tolerate slightly alkaline soil. late winter to spring. ‘Vivellii’, H 6in
EPITHELANTHA cuttings in late summer or fall. Z9–10 H10–9. f. albiflora ‘Mr. Robert’ (15cm), has dark bronze-green foliage and
E. spicata. See E. volubilis. has white flowers. ‘Riverslea’ has bright deep purple-pink flowers from late winter
CACTACEAE E. volubilis, syn. E. spicata, illus. p.192. purple-pink flowers, mostly in clusters of 4. to spring. ‘Westwood Yellow’ is compact
Genus of very slow-growing, spherical, E. canaliculata (Channeled heath). with golden-yellow foliage and deep pink
perennial cacti densely covered with very Evergreen, erect shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft flowers. ‘Wintersonne’, H 6in (15cm),
short spines. Needs full sun and well-
EREMURUS S 14in (35cm), has magenta flowers and
(1m). Produces whorls of 3 dark green
Desert candle, Foxtail lily
drained soil; prone to rotting if narrow, needlelike leaves. Cup-shaped, red-brown foliage.
overwatered. Propagate by grafting, seed LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE pearl-white flowers, sometimes rose-tinted, E. ciliaris (Dorset heath). Evergreen, loose
or stem cuttings in spring or summer. Genus of perennials, with fleshy, finger-like with dark brown, almost black anthers, are shrub. H to 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). May
E. micromeris, illus. p.493. roots, grown for their stately spires of borne in winter (in a greenhouse) or early be damaged in severe weather. Has
shallowly cup-shaped flowers in summer. spring (in the open). Requires acidic soil. needlelike, dark green leaves in whorls of 3.
ERAGROSTIS Requires a sunny, warm position and well- Z9–10 H10–9. Bears long racemes of bell-shaped, bright
drained soil. Tends to come into growth E. carnea, syn. E. herbacea (Alpine heath, pink flowers in tiers of 3 or 4 in summer.
Love grass
very early, and young shoots may be Winter heath). Evergreen, spreading shrub. Requires acidic soil and prefers warm, moist
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE frosted. Provide a covering of dry bracken H to 12in (30cm), S to 18in (45cm) or more. conditions. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Aurea’ has
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES in late winter to protect the crowns when Produces whorls of needlelike, mid- to dark somewhat straggly growth with golden
and SEDGES. shoots are first developing. Stake tall green leaves and bears tubular to bell- foliage and clear pink flowers. ‘Corfe
E. curvula ‘Totnes Burgundy’, illus. species and hybrids. Propagate by division shaped flowers that are in shades of pink Castle’ (illus. p.166) produces salmon-pink
p.285. in spring or early fall or by seed in fall. and red, occasionally white, from early flowers from summer to early fall. ‘David
E. himalaicus. Upright perennial. H 6–8ft winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone McClintock’ (illus. p.166) has light gray-
(2–2.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has strap-shaped, and some shade. Makes good groundcover. green foliage and bears white flowers, with
ERANTHEMUM
bright green basal leaves. In early summer, Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Altadena’ has golden foliage deep pink tips, from summer to early fall.
ACANTHACEAE tall stems bear dense racemes of open cup- and pale pink flowers. ‘Ann Sparkes’ ‘Mrs. C.H. Gill’ has dark gray-green
Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs, shaped, pure white flowers, with long (illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm), has golden foliage and clear red flowers. ‘White
grown for their flowers. Requires full light stamens. Z5–8 H8–5. foliage, turning to bronze in winter, and Wings’, a sport of ‘Mrs. C.H. Gill’, has dark
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained E. x isabellinus ‘Cleopatra’, illus. p.220. rose-pink flowers. ‘Bell’s Extra Special’, gray-green foliage and white flowers.
soil. Water container plants freely when E. robustus, illus. p.216. H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm), has a neat E. cinerea (Bell heather). Evergreen,
in full growth, moderately at other times. E. Shelford Hybrids. Perennials of habit, with crimson flowers borne on compact shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 18–24in (45–
In spring or after flowering, remove at varying habit and flower color. H 5ft (1.5m), whiskey-colored foliage, flecked with tints 60cm). Has needlelike, mid- to deep green
least half of each spent flowering stem to S 2ft (60cm). Long racemes of orange, buff, of orange and gold. ‘Cecilia M. Beale’, leaves and bears bell-shaped flowers that are
encourage a bushier habit. Propagate by pink or white flowers are borne freely in H 6in (15cm), bears an abundance of white in shades of pink and dark red, occasionally
572 softwood cuttings in late spring. Whitefly mid-summer. Leaves are strap-shaped, flowers from mid-winter to early spring. white, from early summer to early fall.
may be a nuisance. in basal rosettes. Z6–9 H9–4. ‘Challenger’ (illus. p.166) has magenta Prefers a warm, dry position. Requires acidic
ERIGERON
soil. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Atropurpurea’ has deep E. mediterranea. Evergreen, upright shrub. rounded, bell-shaped, greenish-brown has a profusion of white flowers, almost
purple flowers in long racemes. ‘C.D. H to 8ft (2.5m), S to 3ft (1m). Top growth flowers are produced in late spring and obscuring the foliage. ‘Gold Tips’ is
Eason’ (illus. p.166) has dark green foliage may be damaged in severe weather, but early summer. Requires acidic soil. Z8–9 similar to ‘Exeter’, but young foliage has
and bright red flowers. ‘Cevennes’ is plant recovers well from the base. Has H9–8. ‘Minima’, H 12in (30cm), has bright golden tips in spring. ‘Pink Joy’ has pink
upright in habit and bears a profusion of needlelike, mid-green leaves and, usually, green foliage. flower buds that open to clear white.
mauve flowers. ‘C.G. Best’ has mid-green bell-shaped, mauve-pink flowers from early E. spiculifolia, syn. Bruckenthalia E. verticillata. Evergreen, erect shrub.
foliage and rose-pink flowers. ‘Domino’ winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone. spiculifolia (Spike heath). Evergreen, H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has an unusual
produces white flowers that contrast with Flowers of some cultivars have a heather-like shrub. H and S 6in (15cm). arrangement of flowers tightly packed in
dark brown stems and sepals and almost pronounced scent of honey. Z8–9 H9–8. Needlelike, glossy, dark green leaves clothe whorls at intervals along an otherwise
black stigmas. ‘Eden Valley’ (illus. p.166), f. alba ‘Brian Proudley’ (illus. p.166), stiff stems. Terminal clusters of tiny, pink almost bare stem. Tubular, pale mauve-pink
H 8in (20cm), bears white flowers with H 36in (90cm), S 16in (40cm), is a vigorous, flowers are borne in summer. Z5–7 H7–5. flowers, 1/2in (1.5cm) long, are produced
lavender-mauve tips. ‘Fiddler’s Gold’, erect cultivar with bright green leaves and E. stricta. See E. terminalis. intermittently throughout the year.
H 10in (25cm), has golden-yellow foliage, long racemes of white flowers borne from E. x stuartii, syn. E. x praegeri. Evergreen, E. x watsonii. Evergreen, compact shrub.
deepening to red in winter, and lilac-pink late fall to mid-spring. ‘Brightness’, compact shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). H 12in (30cm), S 15in (38cm). Needlelike,
flowers. ‘Golden Hue’, H 14in (35cm), has H 18in (45cm), has bronze-green foliage Has needlelike, dark green leaves. mid-green leaves often have bright-colored
amethyst flowers set on pale yellow foliage, and mauve-pink flowers in spring. ‘Golden Numerous umbels of bell-shaped, pink tips in spring. Bears rounded, bell-shaped,
tipped orange in winter. ‘Hookstone Lady’, H 12in (30cm), has a neat, compact flowers are produced in late spring and pink flowers from mid- to late summer.
White’, H 14in (35cm), has bright green habit with year-round, golden foliage and summer. Prefers moist, acidic soil. Z5–7 Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Cherry Turpin’ has long
foliage and bears long racemes of large, white flowers in late spring. ‘Irish Dusk’ H7–5. ‘Irish Lemon’ produces young racemes of pale pink flowers from mid-
white flowers. ‘Lime Soda’, H 14in (35cm), (illus. p.166), H 45cm (18in), has dark green foliage with lemon-yellow tips in spring summer to mid-fall. ‘Dawn’ produces
bears soft lavender flowers in profusion on foliage and salmon-pink flowers from mid- and bright pink flowers. ‘Irish Orange’ young foliage with orange-yellow tips and
lime-green foliage. ‘Pentreath’ has rich winter to early spring. ‘Superba’, H 6ft has orange-tipped young foliage and dark bears deep mauve-pink flowers in compact
purple flowers. ‘Pink Ice’, H 8in (20cm), is (2m), bears strongly scented, rose-pink pink flowers. clusters all summer.
compact with soft pink flowers. ‘P.S. flowers in spring. ‘W.T. Rackliff’, H 2ft E. terminalis, syn. E. stricta (Corsican E. x williamsii. Evergreen, spreading
Patrick’ is a vigorous cultivar with purple (60cm), has dark green foliage and heath). Evergreen, shrublike tree heather shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
flowers and dark green foliage. ‘Purple produces thick clusters of white flowers with stiff, upright growth. H and S to 8ft needlelike, dark green leaves, with bright
Beauty’ has purple flowers and dark from late winter to late spring. (2.5m). Has needlelike, mid-green foliage. yellow tips when young in spring. Bears
foliage. ‘Stephen Davis’, H 10in (25cm), E. gracilis. Evergreen, compact shrub. Bell-shaped, mauve-pink flowers, borne bell-shaped, mauve or pink flowers in mid-
has brilliant, almost fluorescent, red H and S to 12in (30cm). Has needlelike, mid- from early summer to early fall, turn russet summer. Prefers acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
flowers. ‘Velvet Night’, H 10in (25cm), green leaves and clusters of small, bell- as they fade in winter. Tolerates limestone. ‘Gwavas’ has pale pink flowers on a neat,
produces very dark purple, almost black shaped, cerise flowers from early fall to Z5–7 H7–5. compact plant from mid-summer to fall.
flowers. ‘Windlebrooke’, H 10in (25cm), early spring. Is usually grown as a container E. tetralix (Cross-leaved heath). ‘P.D. Williams’, H 18in (45cm), has dark
is vigorous, with golden foliage, turning plant; may be planted outdoors in summer Evergreen, spreading shrub. H to 12in mauve-pink flowers; sometimes keeps its
bright orange-red in winter, and mauve in a sheltered site. Z10–11 H12–10. (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Has needlelike, gray- golden foliage tips all summer.
flowers. E. herbacea. See E. carnea. green leaves in whorls of 4. Umbels of bell-
E. x darleyensis. Evergreen, bushy E. hibernica. See E. erigena. shaped, pink flowers are produced from
ERIGERON
shrub. H 18in (45cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. E. x hiemalis. Evergreen, bushy shrub. summer to early fall. Requires acidic,
Fleabane
Has needlelike, mid-green foliage, with H and S 12in (30cm). Has needlelike, mid- preferably moist soil. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Alba
cream, pink or red, young growth in late green foliage and racemes of tubular to Mollis’ has silver-gray foliage and bears COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
spring. Bell-shaped, white, pink or purple bell-shaped, pink-tinged, white flowers white flowers from early summer to late Genus of mainly spring- and summer- E
flowers are borne in racemes from early from late fall to mid-winter. Z7–8 H8–7. fall. ‘Con Underwood’ has dark red flowering annuals, biennials and
winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone. E. lusitanica (Portuguese heath). flowers. ‘Hookstone Pink’ has silver-gray perennials, grown for their daisylike flower
Z7–8 H8–7. ‘Archie Graham’, H 20in Evergreen, upright, bushy tree heather. foliage and bears rose-pink flowers from heads. Is good for rock gardens or
(50cm), is vigorous with mauve-pink H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has feathery, late spring to early fall. f. stellata ‘Pink herbaceous borders. Prefers sun and well-
flowers. ‘Arthur Johnson’ (illus. p.166), bright green leaves and, from late fall to Star’ produces pink flowers held upright drained soil but should not be allowed to
H 3ft (1m), has young foliage with cream late spring, bears tubular to bell-shaped in a starlike pattern. dry out during growing season. Resents
and pink tips in spring and long racemes flowers that are pink in bud but pure white E. umbellata. Evergreen, bushy shrub. winter damp. Propagate by division in
of mauve-pink flowers from mid-winter when fully open. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘George H and S 2ft (60cm). Has needlelike, mid- spring or early fall or by seed in fall,
to spring. ‘Darley Dale’ bears pale Hunt’ has golden foliage; needs a green foliage and bell-shaped, mauve selected forms by softwood cuttings in
mauve flowers from mid-winter to spring. sheltered position. flowers, with chocolate-brown anthers, early summer.
‘Furzey’ (illus. p.166) has a compact, E. mackaiana. See E. mackayana. in late spring. E. alpinus, illus. p.340.
vigorous habit and bears deep pink E. mackayana, syn. E. mackaiana E. vagans (Cornish heath). Vigorous, E. aurantiacus. Clump-forming
flowers and dark green leaves. ‘George (Mackay’s heath). Evergreen, spreading evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 30in perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
Rendall’ produces deep pink flowers shrub. H to 10in (25cm), S 16in (40cm). (75cm). Leaves are needlelike and mid- Has long, oval, gray-green leaves and
from early winter to early spring. ‘Ghost Has needlelike, mid-green leaves and bears green. Rounded, bell-shaped, pink, mauve produces daisylike, brilliant orange flower
Hills’ has cream-tipped foliage in spring umbels of rounded, pink, mauve-pink or or white flowers are borne from mid- heads in summer. Propagate by seed or
and a profusion of pink flowers from mid- white flowers from mid-summer to early summer to late fall. Tolerates some division in spring. Z5–8 H8–5.
winter to spring. ‘Jack H. Brummage’, fall. Likes damp, acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. limestone. Responds well to hard pruning. E. aureus. Short-lived, clump-forming
H 12in (30cm), has golden foliage, with ‘Dr Ronald Gray’, H 6in (15cm), has Z5–7 H7–5. f. aureifolia ‘Valerie perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm).
yellow and orange tints, and mauve dark green foliage and pure white flowers. Proudley’, H 18in (45cm), has golden Bears small, spoon-shaped to oval, hairy
flowers. ‘J.W. Porter’, H 12in (30cm), ‘Plena’, H 6in (15cm), has double, deep- evergreen foliage when grown in full light, leaves. Slender stems each bear a relatively
has reddish young shoots in spring and pink flowers, shading to white in centers. and bears sparse white flowers in late large, daisylike, golden-yellow flower head
mauve-pink flowers from mid-winter to E. mediterranea. See E. erigena. summer and fall. ‘Birch Glow’ (illus. in summer. Dislikes winter wet with no
late spring. ‘Kramer’s Red’. See E. x E. pageana. Evergreen, bushy shrub. p.166), H 18in (45cm), has bright green snow cover. Is excellent for a scree, trough
darleyensis ‘Kramer’s Rote’. ‘Kramer’s H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has needlelike, foliage and glowing rose-pink flowers. or alpine house; is prone to aphid attack.
Rote’, syn. E. x darleyensis ‘Kramer’s Red’ mid-green leaves and, from late spring to ‘Lyonesse’, H 18in (45cm), has dark green Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Canary Bird’, H to 4in
has dark bronze-green foliage with deep early summer, bell-shaped, rich yellow foliage and long, tapering spikes of white (10cm), is longer lived, and bears bright
purple-red flowers from late fall to late flowers. Z10 H12–10. flowers with brown anthers. ‘Mrs. D.F. canary-yellow flower heads.
spring. Spring foliage does not have E. perspicua (Prince of Wales heath). Maxwell’ (illus. p.166), H 18in (45cm), has E. ‘Charity’, illus. p.264.
cream or red tips. ‘Molten Silver’. Variable, evergreen shrub. H to 6ft (2m), dark green foliage and glowing deep pink E. ‘Darkest of All’. See E. ‘Dunkelste
See E. x darleyensis ‘Silberschmelze’. S 3ft (1m). Has overlapping, needlelike, flowers. ‘St. Keverne’ (illus. p.166), H 18in Aller’.
‘Silberschmelze’, syn. E. x darleyensis gray-green leaves and, mainly from early (45cm), is a neat, bushy shrub with rose- E. ‘Dunkelste Aller’, syn. E. ‘Darkest of
‘Molten Silver’ is vigorous and produces fall to winter, tubular flowers in white, pink flowers; may be used for a low hedge. All’, illus. p.240.
young shoots with creamy-pink tips in pink-and-white, red-and-white, purple- E. x veitchii. Evergreen, bushy, shrublike E. ‘Foersters Liebling’. Clump-forming
spring and white flowers. ‘White Glow’, and-white or red. Needs damp soil. tree heather. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Has perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). In
H 12in (30cm), bears white flowers. ‘White E. x praegeri. See E. x stuartii. needlelike, mid-green leaves. Scented, summer, daisylike, semidouble, pink flower
Perfection’ (illus. p.166) has bright green E. scoparia (Besom heath). Evergreen, tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers are heads, with yellow centers, are borne
foliage and white flowers. bushy shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has produced in dense clusters from mid- above narrowly oval, grayish-green leaves. 573
E. erigena, syn. E. hibernica, needlelike, dark green leaves. Clusters of winter to spring. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Exeter’ Z5–8 H8–5.
www.ebook777.com
ERINACEA
E. glaucus ‘Elstead Pink’. Tufted moderately in summer, less in spring and leaves. Thistle-like, greenish-white flower
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). fall, very little in winter. Remove flower ERITRICHIUM heads are produced on branched stems in
Daisylike, dark lilac-pink flower heads heads after flowering unless seed is BORAGINACEAE summer. Z6–9 H9–6.
are produced throughout summer above required. Propagate by seed in spring or E. alpinum, illus. p.240.
Genus of short-lived perennials, grown for
oval, gray-green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. fall or by semiripe cuttings in summer. E. amethystinum. Rosette-forming
their soft, gray-green leaves and forget-me-
E. karvinskianus, syn. E. mucronatus, Divide perennial root clumps in spring. perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Oval,
not-like flowers. Is suitable for rock
illus. p.363. E. arborescens, illus. p.453. mid-green leaves are divided and spiny.
gardens and alpine houses. Needs sun and
E. mucronatus. See E. karvinskianus. E. crocatum. Evergreen, subshrubby In summer bears branched stems of small,
well-drained, peaty, sandy soil with a deep
E. ‘Quakeress’. Clump-forming perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). thistle-like, blue flowers surrounded by
collar of grit; dislikes damp conditions. Is
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). Oval, hairy leaves have woolly, white spiky, darker blue bracts. Z3–8 H8–1.
extremely difficult to grow. Propagate by
Produces a mass of daisylike, delicate lilac- undersides. Heads of minute, sulfur-yellow E. bourgatii, illus. p.270.
seed when available or by softwood
pink flower heads, with yellow centers, in flowers are borne in summer. Is a good E. bromeliifolium of gardens. See
cuttings in summer.
summer. Narrowly oval leaves are grayish- alpine house plant. Z9–10 H10. E. agavifolium.
E. elongatum. Tuft-forming perennial.
green. Z5–8 H8–5. E. giganteum (St. Catherine’s lace). E. eburneum, syn. E. paniculatum.
H 3/4in (2cm), S 11/4in (3cm). Leaves are oval,
E. ‘Serenity’. Clump-forming perennial. Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 3–6ft Evergreen perennial. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 2ft
hairy and gray-green. Short flower stems
H and S to 24in (60cm). Daisylike, violet- (1–2m). Has oblong to oval, gray leaves, (60cm). Has spiny, linear, mid-green leaves.
each bear small, rounded, flattish, blue
mauve flower heads, with yellow centers, white-downy beneath. In summer, small, Bears heads of thistle-like, green flowers
flowers in early summer. Z5–7 H7–5.
are borne from early to mid-summer. Z5–8 white flowers are produced in branching with white stamens on branched arching
E. nanum, illus. p.370.
H8–5. clusters to 12in (30cm) long. Z11–15 stems in late summer. Z9–11 H12–10.
H12–10. E. giganteum. Clump-forming biennial
ERINACEA E. ovalifolium. Evergreen, domed ERODIUM or short-lived perennial that dies after
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). In GERANIACEAE flowering. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Heart-shaped, basal leaves are mid-green.
summer bears tiny, bright yellow flowers Genus of mound-forming perennials,
Genus of one species of slow-growing, in umbels above branched stems. Has tiny, Has large, rounded heads of thistle-like,
suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and
evergreen subshrub, grown for its hard, spoon-shaped, hairy, gray leaves. Is blue flowers, surrounded by spiny, silvery
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
sharp, blue-green spines and pealike excellent for an alpine house. Z4–8 H8–1. bracts, in late summer. Z4–9 H11–1.
cuttings in summer or by seed when
flowers. In spring, produces short-lived, E. umbellatum, illus. p.344. E. x oliverianum, illus. p.241.
available.
soft leaves. Needs a sheltered position with E. pandanifolium. Clump-forming,
E. chamaedryoides. See E. reichardii.
full sun and deep, gritty, well-drained soil. evergreen perennial. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft
Propagate by seed when available or by ERIOPHYLLUM E. cheilanthifolium, syn. E. petraeum
(1.5m). Has narrowly sword-shaped,
subsp. crispum, illus. p.341.
softwood cuttings in late spring or summer. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE arching, slightly toothed, pale green basal
E. chrysanthum, illus. p.343.
E. anthyllis, syn. E. pungens, illus. p.334. leaves. Bears towering umbels of small,
Genus of summer-flowering perennials E. corsicum, illus. p.362.
E. pungens. See E. anthyllis. thistle-like, greenish-purple flower heads in
and evergreen subshrubs, grown for their E. foetidum, syn. E. petraeum. Compact,
summer. Z9–10 H12–9.
silvery foliage and daisylike flowers. Is mound-forming perennial. H 6–8in
E. paniculatum. See E. eburneum.
ERINUS suitable for rock gardens and front of (15–20cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces saucer-
E. x tripartitum, illus. p.250.
Fairy foxglove borders. Needs sun and well-drained soil. shaped, single, red-veined, pink flowers in
E. variifolium, illus. p.271.
SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE Propagate by division in spring or by seed summer. Oval, gray leaves have deeply cut
E. x zabelii ‘Violetta’. Upright perennial.
in fall. edges. Z6–8 H8–6.
Genus of short-lived, semievergreen H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Has rounded,
E. manescaui, syn. E. manescavii, illus.
E perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls
E. lanatum, syn. Bahia lanata, illus. p.276.
p.265.
divided, mid-green leaves. Loose heads of
and troughs. Needs sun and well-drained thistle-like, deep violet flowers, surrounded
E. manescavii. See E. manescaui.
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall (but ERIOSYCE E. petraeum. See E. foetidum.
by narrow, spiny, silvery-blue bracts, are
seedlings will vary considerably), selected CACTACEAE produced in late summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
E. petraeum subsp. crispum. See
forms by softwood cuttings in early
Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial E. cheilanthifolium.
summer. Self-seeds freely.
E. alpinus, illus. p.352. ‘Dr. Haenele’.
cacti, grown for their egg-shaped, red, E. reichardii, syn. E. chamaedryoides ERYSIMUM
brown or green seed pods, which are (Cranesbill). Mound-forming perennial. Wallflower
See E. alpinus ‘Dr. Hähnle’. ‘Dr. Hähnle’,
similar to those of Wigginsia. Requires full H 1in (2.5cm), S 21/2–3in (6–8cm). In CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
syn. E. alpinus ‘Dr. Haenele’ is a
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate summer, saucer-shaped, single flowers,
semievergreen, basal-rosetted perennial. Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen or
by seed in spring or summer. either white or pink with darker veins, are
H and S 2–3in (5–8cm). Small, flat, 2-lipped, semievergreen, short-lived perennials and
E. chilensis, syn. Echinocactus chilensis, borne above tiny, oaklike leaves. Is good
deep pink flowers are produced in late subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Is
Neoporteria chilensis. Spherical, then for a rock garden or trough. Z8–9 H9–8.
spring and summer. Leaves are small, oval closely related to Cheiranthus and is
columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), E. x variabile ‘Flore Pleno’ Variable,
and mid-green. suitable for borders, banks and rock
S 4in (10cm). Pale green stem has a dense cushion-forming or spreading perennial.
gardens. Requires sun and well-drained
covering of sturdy, golden spines. Crown H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval to
ERIOBOTRYA bears flattish, pink-orange or white narrowly oval, dark to gray-green leaves
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or fall
with scalloped edges and long stalks. From or by softwood cuttings in summer.
Loquat flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, in summer.
spring to fall, flower stems each bear 1 or 2 E. x allionii, syn. E. x marshallii (Siberian
ROSACEAE Z9–11 H11–8. wallflower). ‘Orange Bedder’, illus.
E. kunzei, syn. Neoporteria nidus. rounded, double, pink flowers with darker
Genus of evergreen, fall-flowering trees p.324.
veins; outer petals are rounded, inner
and shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus. E. ‘Bowles’s Mauve’, syn. E. ‘E.A.
petals narrower. ‘Ken Aslet’ has single,
and edible fruits. Where marginally hardy, H 4in (10cm), S 3in (8cm). Long, soft, gray Bowles’, Cheiranthus ‘Bowles’ Mauve’,
deep pink flowers.
it is best grown against a south- or west- spines completely encircle dark greenish- illus. p.261.
facing wall. Fruits, which ripen in spring, brown stem. In spring or fall produces Erpetion reniforme. See Viola E. ‘Bredon’, syn. Cheiranthus ‘Bredon’,
may be damaged by hard, winter frosts. tubular, pink to cerise flowers, 11/4–2in hederacea. illus. p.336.
Requires sunny, fertile, well-drained soil. (3–5cm) long, with paler bases; they open E. cheiri, syn. Cheiranthus cheiri (English
Propagate by seed in fall or spring. only at the tips. Z9–11 H11–8. wallflower). Evergreen, bushy perennial,
E. napina, syn. Neoporteria mitis,
ERYNGIUM
E. japonica, illus. p.194. grown as a biennial. H 10–32in (25–80cm),
Neochilenia mitis, Neoporteria napina, illus.
Sea holly
S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-
p.485. UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE
ERIOGONUM E. subgibbosa, syn. Neoporteria litoralis,
to deep green leaves. Heads of fragrant,
Genus of biennials and perennials, some 4-petaled flowers in red, yellow, bronze,
St. Catherine’s lace, Wild buckwheat
Neoporteria subgibbosa. Spherical to of which are evergreen, grown for their white and orange, are borne in spring. Z3–7
POLYGONACEAE columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), flowers, foliage and habit. Needs sun and H7–1. Bedder Series is dwarf and has
Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen S 4in (10cm). Light green to dark gray- fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species golden-yellow, primrose-yellow, orange or
perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown green stem bears large, woolly areoles and by seed in fall, selected forms by division scarlet-red flowers. Fair Lady Series
for their rosetted, hairy, often silver or sturdy, amber spines. In late summer bears in spring or root cuttings in winter. produces flowers in pale pink, yellow and
white leaves. Needs full sun and well- flattish, carmine-pink flowers, 11/2in (4cm) E. agavifolium, syn. E. bromeliifolium. creamy white, with some reds. ‘Fire King’,
drained, even poor soil. In cool, wet-winter across. Z9–11 H11–8. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. illus. p.326. Flowers of ‘Ivory White’ are
574 areas, protect shrubby species and hairy- E. villosa, syn. Neoporteria villosa, illus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Forms rosettes of creamy white. Treasure Series ‘Treasure
leaved perennials. Water container plants p.490. sword-shaped, sharply toothed, rich green Red’ has red flowers.
EUCRYPHIA
E. ‘E.A. Bowles’. See E. ‘Bowles’s Mauve’. plain green leaves. Produces a spike of up rounded, gray-blue, young leaves joined
E. helveticum, syn. E. pumilum, illus. to 10 pendent, bright yellow flowers, with ESPOSTOA around stems. Leaves on mature trees are
p.358. reflexed petals. Z3–9 H9–1. CACTACEAE long and pendulous. White flowers are
E. x kewense ‘Harpur Crewe’, syn. borne in late summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
Genus of columnar, perennial cacti,
Cheiranthus cheiri ‘Harpur Crewe’, illus. E. viminalis (Manna gum, Ribbon gum).
p.336.
ESCALLONIA each with a 10–30-ribbed stem, eventually
Vigorous, evergreen, spreading tree.
ESCALLONIACEAE becoming bushy or treelike with age. Most
E. linifolium. Short-lived, semievergreen, H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Bark peels on
species are densely covered in woolly,
open, dome-shaped subshrub. H to 12in Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or upper trunk. Lance-shaped, dark green
white hairs masking short, sharp spines.
(30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Leaves are deciduous shrubs and trees, grown for leaves become very long, narrow and pale
Bears cup-shaped flowers, as well as extra
narrowly lance-shaped and blue-gray. their 5-petaled flowers and glossy foliage. green when mature. Bears clusters of
wool down the side of stems facing the sun,
Tight heads of small, 4-petaled, pale violet Thrives in mild areas, where Escallonia is stamened, white flowers in summer. Z8–10
only after about 30 years. Needs full sun
flowers are produced in early summer. wind-resistant and ideal for hedging in H10–8.
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
Z7–9 H9–7. coastal gardens. At the limits of hardiness,
seed in spring or summer.
E. x marshallii. See E. x allionii. protect from strong winds and grow
E. lanata, illus. p.482. EUCHARIS
E. ‘Moonlight’, syn. Cheiranthus against a south- or west-facing wall.
‘Moonlight’, illus. p.335. Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained AMARYLLIDACEAE
E. pumilum. See E. helveticum. soil. Trim hedges and wall-trained plants EUCALYPTUS Genus of evergreen bulbs, grown for their
after flowering. Propagate by softwood Gum fragrant, white flowers that resemble large,
cuttings in summer. white daffodils, with a cup and 6 spreading
ERYTHRINA MYRTACEAE
E. ‘Apple Blossom’, illus. p.133. petals. Prefers at least 50% relative
Coral tree Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
E. ‘Donard Beauty’, illus. p.154. humidity. Needs partial shade and rich soil.
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE grown for their bark, flowers and aromatic
E. ‘Donard Seedling’, illus. p.131. Water freely in summer. Propagate by seed
foliage. Needs full sun, shelter from cold
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen E. ‘Edinensis’. Vigorous, evergreen, when ripe or by offsets in spring.
winds, and fertile, well-drained soil. Plant
trees, shrubs and perennials, grown for arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Bears E. amazonica, syn. E. grandiflora, illus.
smallest obtainable trees. Water container
their flowers. Requires full sun and well- small, oblong, bright green leaves. Small, p.414.
plants moderately, less in winter.
drained soil. Water container plants pink flowers are produced from early E. grandiflora of gardens. See
Attractive, young foliage of some species,
moderately, very little in winter or when to mid-summer. Is one of the hardier E. amazonica.
normally lost with age, may be retained
leafless. Propagate by seed in spring or escallonias. Z8–9 H9–8.
by cutting growth back hard in spring.
E. ‘Iveyi’, illus. p.112.
semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider
E. ‘Langleyensis’. Evergreen or
Propagate by seed in spring or fall. EUCOMIS
mite may be a problem. E. camaldulensis (Red gum, River red Pineapple flower, Pineapple lily
E. americana. See E. coralloides. semievergreen, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m),
gum). Fast-growing, drought-resistant,
E. x bidwillii, illus. p.136. S 10ft (3m). Has small, glossy, bright green LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
evergreen, rounded tree. H 100ft (30m) or
E. coralloides, syn. E. americana (Flame leaves and an abundance of rose-red Genus of summer- and fall-flowering bulbs,
more, S 70ft (20m) or more. Young bark is
coral tree, Naked coral tree). Deciduous, flowers from early to mid-summer. Z8–9 gray, brown and cream; leaves are lance- grown for their dense spikes of flowers,
untidily rounded shrub or tree with H9–8. shaped, slender, green or blue-green. Has which are overtopped by a tuft of small,
somewhat prickly stems. H and S 10–20ft E. leucantha, illus. p.112. umbels of small, cream flowers in summer. leaflike bracts, as in a pineapple. Where not
(3–6m). Has leaves of 3 triangular leaflets, E. rubra. ‘Crimson Spire’ Very Z9–10 H10–9. hardy, lift in fall and overwinter indoors.
the largest central one 41/2in (11cm) long. vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub. E. coccifera, illus. p.68. Needs full sun and well-drained soil. Plant
Racemes of pealike, red flowers are borne H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval, rich E. dalrympleana, illus. p.67. in spring and water freely in summer.
on leafless stems in early spring and green leaves and, throughout summer, E. ficifolia (Red-flowering gum). Propagate by seed or division of clumps E
summer. Z9–11 H12–1. tubular, deep red flowers. ‘Woodside’, Moderately fast-growing, evergreen, in spring.
E. crista-galli, illus. p.137. illus. p.156. rounded tree. H and S to 25ft (8m). Has E. autumnalis, syn. E. undulata. Late
E. virgata, illus. p.130. broadly lance-shaped, glossy, deep green summer- to fall-flowering bulb. H 8–12in
(20–30cm), S 24–30in (60–75cm). Has strap-
ERYTHRONIUM leaves and, in spring–summer, large
LILIACEAE ESCHSCHOLZIA panicles of many-stamened, pale to deep shaped, wavy-edged leaves in a semierect,
red flowers. Prefers acidic soil. Z9–10 basal tuft. Leafless stem bears small, star-
California poppy
Genus of spring-flowering, tuberous H10–9. shaped, pale green or white flowers in a
perennials, grown for their pendent PAPAVERACEAE dense spike, with cluster of leaflike bracts
E. glaucescens (Tingiringi gum).
flowers and, in some cases, mottled Genus of annuals, grown for their bright, Evergreen, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), at apex. Z7–10 .
leaves. Requires partial shade and rich, poppy-like flowers. Is suitable for rock S 25ft (8m). Young bark is white. Leaves E. bicolor, illus. p.412.
well-drained soil, where tubers will not gardens and gaps in paving. Requires sun are silvery-blue and rounded when young; E. comosa, illus. p.409.
dry out in summer while dormant. and poor, very well-drained soil. Dead- long, narrow and blue-gray when mature. E. pallidiflora, illus. p.409.
Propagate by seed in fall. Some species head regularly to ensure a long flowering In fall bears clusters of many-stamened, E. undulata. See E. autumnalis.
increase by offsets, which can be period. Propagate by seed sown outdoors white flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
in spring or early fall.
divided in late summer. Do not allow E. globulus (Blue gum, Tasmanian blue EUCOMMIA
tubers to dry out before replanting, E. caespitosa, illus. p.321. gum). Very fast-growing, evergreen,
6in (15cm) deep. E. californica, illus. p.326. (mixed) Fast- EUCOMMIACEAE
spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m).
E. americanum, illus. p.421. growing, slender, erect annual. H 12in Bark peels in ribbons. Large, oval to Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
E. californicum, illus. p.415. ‘White (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Feathery leaves are oblong, silvery-blue leaves are long, grown for its unusual foliage. Needs full
Beauty’, illus. p.399. bluish-green. Cup-shaped, 4-petaled, single narrow and glossy, mid-green when sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
E. dens-canis, illus. p.418. flowers, in shades of red, orange, yellow or mature. White flowers, consisting of tufts by softwood cuttings in summer.
E. grandiflorum. Spring-flowering, cream, are borne in summer–fall. Z11 H9–1. of stamens, are borne in summer–fall, E. ulmoides (Hardy rubber tree).
tuberous perennial. H 4–12in (10–30cm), Ballerina Series has flowers in shades of often year-round. Z9–10 H10–9. Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),
S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has 2 lance-shaped, red, orange, yellow or cream. Thai Silk E. gunnii, illus. p.68. S 25ft (8m). Drooping, oval leaves are
semierect, basal, plain bright green leaves. Series, illus. p.327. E. johnstonii, illus. p.68. pointed and glossy, dark green; when
Stem bears 1–3 pendent, bright yellow E. niphophila. See E. pauciflora subsp. pulled apart, leaf pieces stay joined by
rubbery threads. Inconspicuous flowers
flowers, with reflexed petals. Z4–9 H9–1.
ESCOBARIA niphophila.
are produced in late spring before leaves.
E. hendersonii, illus. p.402. E. pauciflora, illus. p.79. subsp.
E. oregonum, illus. p.399. CACTACEAE niphophila, syn. E. niphophila (Snow Z4–7 H7–1.
E. ‘Pagoda’, illus. p.406. Genus of mainly spherical to columnar, gum), illus. p.78, is an evergreen, spreading
E. revolutum. Tuberous perennial. perennial cacti. The stems are studded with tree. H to 25ft (8m), S 20–50ft (6–15m). EUCRYPHIA
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has tubercles (each with a furrow immediately Flaking bark reveals yellow, bronze, or
lance-shaped, semierect, basal, brown- above it) and very spiny, generally white greenish patches. Lance-shaped foliage is EUCRYPHIACEAE/CUNONIACEAE
mottled, green leaves and a loose spike of areoles. Needs full sun and poor to blue-green, gray-green when young. Bears Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
1–4 pendent, pale to deep pink flowers, moderately fertile, well-drained soil. whitish-cream flowers in summer. Z9–10 deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for
with reflexed petals, in spring. Z5–8 H8–5. Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets H10–9. their foliage and often fragrant, white
E. tuolumnense. Tuberous perennial. in summer. E. perriniana (Spinning gum). Fast- flowers. Needs a sheltered, semi-shaded
H to 12in (30cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Has E. vivipara, syn. Coryphantha vivipara, growing, evergreen, spreading tree. position in all but mild, wet areas, where it 575
2 lance-shaped, semierect, basal, glossy, illus. p.480. H 12–30ft (4–10m), S 10–25ft (3–8m). Has will withstand more exposure. Does best
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EUONYMUS
with roots in a cool, moist, shaded site and Deciduous, treelike shrub or small tree, E. milii, illus. p.456. var. splendens,
crown in sun. Needs fertile, well-drained, sometimes semievergreen. H and S 25ft EUPHORBIA syn. E. splendens is a slow-growing,
lime-free soil, except for E. cordifolia and (8m). Oval, mid-green leaves often turn Milkweed, Spurge mainly evergreen, spreading, spiny,
E. x nymansensis. Propagate by semiripe pink and red in fall. Tiny, green flowers in EUPHORBIACEAE semi-succulent shrub. H to 6ft (2m),
cuttings in late summer. late spring and early summer are S to 3ft (1m). Has oblong to oval leaves
Genus of shrubs, succulents and
E. cordifolia, illus. p.73. followed by 4-lobed, rose-pink fruits and, intermittently year-round but
perennials, some of which are
E. glutinosa, illus. p.85. enclosed in a bright red casing. Z6–8 especially in spring, clusters of tiny
semievergreen or evergreen, and annuals.
E. lucida, illus. p.85. H8–6. subsp. sieboldianus, syn. flowers enclosed in large, petal-like, red
Flower heads consist of cup-shaped
E. milliganii, illus. p.129. E. yedoensis (illus. p.142), H and S 20ft bracts. Z11–12 H12–1.
bracts, in various colors and usually each
E. x nymansensis ‘Nymansay’, illus. (6m) or more, has pink fruits. subsp. E. myrsinites, illus. p.357.
containing several flowers lacking typical
p.73. sieboldianus ‘Red Elf’, illus. p.140. E. nicaeensis. Clump-forming perennial
sepals and petals. Prefers sun or partial
E. japonicus (Japanese spindle). with a woody base. H 30in (75cm), S 18in
Eugenia australis of gardens. See shade and moist but well-drained soil.
‘Latifolius Albomarginatus’, syn. (45cm). Has narrowly oval, fleshy, gray-
Syzygium paniculatum. Propagate by basal cuttings in spring or
E. japonicus ‘Macrophyllus Albus’ illus. green leaves. Umbels of greenish-yellow
Eugenia paniculata. See Syzygium summer, by division in spring or early
flower heads with cup-shaped bracts
paniculatum. p.144. ‘Macrophyllus’ is an evergreen, fall or by seed in fall or spring. T All
upright, dense shrub.H 12ft (4m), S 6ft are borne throughout summer.
Eugenia ugni. See Ugni molinae. parts may cause severe discomfort if
(2m). Has large, oval, glossy, dark green Z5–8 H8–5.
Euodia. See Tetradium. ingested; contact with their milky sap
leaves and, in summer, small, star-shaped, E. obesa, illus. p.493.
Euodia hupehensis. See Tetradium may irritate skin.
green flowers, followed by spherical, E. palustris. Bushy perennial. H and S 3ft
daniellii. E. amygdaloides (Wood spurge).
pink fruits with orange seeds. Is good (1m). Clusters of yellow-green flower
‘Purpurea’ is a semievergreen, erect
for hedging, particularly in coastal areas. heads, with cup-shaped bracts, are
perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Stems and
EUONYMUS Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Macrophyllus Albus’. See narrowly oval leaves are green, heavily
produced in spring above oblong to lance-
CELASTRACEAE E. japonicus ‘Latifolius Albomarginatus’. shaped, yellowish-green leaves. Z7–9 H7–6.
suffused purple-red. Has flower heads
Leaves of ‘Ovatus Aureus’ are broadly E. polychroma, syn. E. epithymoides,
Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs of cup-shaped, yellow bracts in spring.
edged with golden-yellow. illus. p.262.
and trees, sometimes climbing, grown Is susceptible to mildew. Z6–10 H10–2.
E. latifolius, illus. p.140. E. pulcherrima, illus. p.455. ‘Paul
for their foliage, fall color and fruits. var. robbiae, syn. E. robbiae illus.
E. myrianthus, illus. p.117. Mikkelson’ is a mainly evergreen,
Needs sun or semi-shade and well- p.262.
erect, freely branching shrub. H and
drained soil, although, for evergreen E. oxyphyllus, illus. p.117. E. bicompacta var. rubra, syn.
S 10–12ft (3–4m). Bears oval to lance-
species in full sun, soil should not be very E. planipes, syn. E. sachalinensis. Synadenium compactum var. rubrum,
shaped, shallowly lobed leaves. From
dry. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in Deciduous, upright, shrub. H and S 10ft Synadenium grantii ‘Rubrum’.
Evergreen, erect, robust-stemmed shrub. late fall to spring has flattened heads of
summer or by seed in fall. E. europaeus (3m). Bears oval, mid-green leaves that
H 10–12ft (3–4m), S 6ft (2m) or more. small, greenish-white flowers with large,
and E. japonicus may be attacked by turn to brilliant red in fall, as large,
Has very small, red flowers in fall, leaflike, bright red bracts. Z13–15
caterpillars; E. japonicus is susceptible 4- or 5-lobed, red fruits open to reveal
H12–1.
to mildew. T All parts may cause mild bright orange seeds. Star-shaped, green largely concealed by lance-shaped to
oval, glossy, purplish-green leaves, red- E. rigida, syn. E. biglandulosa, illus. p.227.
stomach upset if ingested. flowers are produced in late spring.
purple beneath. Z10–11 H12–9. E. robbiae. See E. amygdaloides var.
E. alatus, illus. p.140. ‘Compactus’ is Z5–9 H9–5.
‘Rubrum’ Evergreen, erect, robust- robbiae.
a deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft E. sachalinensis of gardens. See
stemmed shrub. H 10–12ft (3–4m), E. schillingii, illus. p.251.
(1m), S 10ft (3m). Shoots have corky E. planipes.
S 6ft (2m) or more. Has very small, red E. seguieriana. Clump-forming,
wings. Oval, dark green leaves turn
E brilliant red in fall. Bears inconspicuous,
E. yedoensis. See E. hamiltonianus subsp.
sieboldianus. flowers in fall, largely concealed by semievergreen perennial. H and S 18in
lance-shaped to oval, glossy, purplish- (45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
greenish-white flowers in summer,
green leaves, red-purple beneath. glaucous leaves on slender stems. Bears
followed by small, 4-lobed, purple or red
EUPATORIUM E. biglandulosa. See E. rigida. large, terminal clusters of yellowish-
E. cornutus var. quinquecornutus. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE E. candelabrum. Deciduous, treelike, green flowers in late spring. Z8–11
Deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H 6ft perennial succulent. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft H12–8.
Genus of perennials, subshrubs and E. sikkimensis, illus. p.242.
(2m), S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance- shrubs, many of which are evergreen, (5m). Erect, 3–5-angled, deeply indented,
shaped, dark green leaves. Small, glossy, dark green stems, often marbled E. splendens. See E. milii var. splendens.
grown mainly for their flowers, some E. tithymaloides, syn. Pedilanthus
purplish-green flowers in summer are white, branch and rebranch candelabra-
also for their architectural foliage. tithymaloides. Bushy, perennial succulent.
followed by 5-horned, pink fruits that like. Has short-lived, spear-shaped
Requires full light or partial shade. Will H 10ft (3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has thin, erect
open to reveal orange-red seeds. Z9–10 leaves. Rounded heads of small flowers,
grow in any conditions, although most stems zigzagging at each node. Leaves
H10–8. with cup-shaped, yellow bracts, are
species prefer moist but well-drained are mid-green and boat-shaped, with
E. europaeus (Spindle tree). ‘Red produced in spring. Z10–11 H12–10.
soil. Water container plants freely when prominent ribs beneath. Red to yellowish-
Cascade’, illus. p.140. E. characias subsp. characias, illus.
in full growth, moderately at other times. green bracts are produced at each of the
E. fortunei. Evergreen shrub, grown p.147. subsp. wulfenii, illus. p.147.
Prune shrubs lightly after flowering or stem tips in summer. Prefers partial shade.
only as var. radicans and its cultivars, E. cyparissias, illus. p.262.
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring; Z10–11 H12–10. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.483.
which are climbing or prostrate. H 15ft E. epithymoides. See E. polychroma.
shrubs and subshrubs may also be
(5m) if supported, S indefinite. Bears E. fulgens (Scarlet plume). Evergreen,
propagated by softwood or greenwood
oval, dark green leaves and
cuttings in summer, perennials by
erect, arching shrub. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), EUPTELEA
inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Has elliptic to lance-
division in early spring or fall. Red EUPTELEACEAE
from early to mid-summer. Makes good shaped, mid- to deep green leaves, to
spider mite and whitefly may be 4in (10cm) long. From winter to spring Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
groundcover. Z5–9 H9–2. Foliage of
‘Coloratus’ turns reddish-purple in fall– troublesome. bears leafy, wandlike sprays of small their foliage. Prefers full sun and
winter. ‘Emerald ’n’ Gold’ illus. p.167. E. ageratoides. See Ageratina altissima. flowers, each cluster surrounded by 5 fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
‘Emerald Gaiety’, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft E. ianthinum. See Bartlettina sordida. petal-like, scarlet bracts, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) seed in fall.
(1.5m), is bushy, with rounded, white- E. ligustrinum. See Ageratina ligustrina. across. Z14–15 H12–10. E. polyandra. Deciduous, bushy-headed
edged, deep green leaves. Young, E. maculatum ‘Riesenschirm’, illus. E. gorgonis (Gorgon’s head). Deciduous, tree. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Long-
rounded leaves of ‘Golden Prince’, syn. p.221. hemispherical, perennial succulent. H 3in stalked, narrowly oval, pointed, sharply
E. fortunei ‘Gold Tip’ are edged bright E. micranthum. See Ageratina ligustrina. (8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has a much-ribbed, toothed leaves are glossy and bright
yellow, aging to creamy-white. ‘Gold E. purpureum (Joe Pye weed). Stately, green main stem crowned by 3–5 rows of green, turning red and yellow in fall. Has
Tip’. See E. fortunei ‘Golden Prince’. upright perennial. H to 7ft (2.2m), S to 3ft prostrate stems, 1/2in (1cm) wide, that are inconspicuous flowers in spring before
‘Kewensis’, H 4in (10cm) or more, has (1m). Oval leaves are arranged in whorls gradually shed. In spring, crown also bears leaves emerge. Z6–14 H12–1.
slender stems and tiny leaves, and forms along purplish stems. Terminal heads of rounded heads of small, fragrant flowers
dense mats of growth. ‘Sarcoxie’, H and tubular, pinkish-purple flowers are borne
in late summer–early fall. Z3–9 H9–1.
with cup-shaped, yellow bracts. Z14–15 EURYA
S 4ft (1.2m), is vigorous, upright and H12–10.
bushy, with glossy, dark green leaves. E. rugosum. See Ageratina altissima. E. griffithii ‘Fireglow’, illus. p.246. THEACEAE/PENTAPHYLACACEAE
‘Silver Queen’, illus. p.144. ‘Sunspot’ E. sordidum. See Bartlettina sordida. E. hypericifolia DIAMOND FROST Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
bears deep green leaves, each marked in E. urticifolium. See Ageratina altissima. (‘Inneuphe’), illus. p.298. grown for their foliage. Insignificant
576 center with golden-yellow. E. weinmannianum. See Ageratina E. marginata, illus. p.299. flowers are produced from spring to
E. hamiltonianus, illus. p.142. ligustrina. E. mellifera, illus. p.127. summer. Tolerates partial shade or full
FARGESIA
F
light and needs fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens freely EXOCHORDA FALLOPIA
when in full growth, less at other times. Pearl bush SYN. BILDERDYKIA, REYNOUTRIA
Propagate by seed when ripe or in ROSACEAE POLYGONACEAE
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for Genus of rhizomatous, climbing or
summer.
their abundant, showy, white flowers. FABIANA scrambling, woody-based perennials
E. emarginata, illus. p.165.
Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained SOLANACEAE that are good for training on pergolas
E. japonica. Evergreen, bushy shrub or
soil. Improve vigor and flowering by Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for and deciduous trees or for covering
small tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has elliptic
thinning out old shoots after flowering. unsightly structures. Needs full sun or
to lance-shaped, bluntly toothed, leathery, their foliage and flowers. Requires full sun
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer partial shade and moist but well-drained
dark green leaves. Inconspicuous, green and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
or by seed in fall. Chlorosis may be a soil. Propagate by seed sown as soon as
flowers, borne from spring to summer, softwood cuttings in summer.
problem on shallow, chalky soil. ripe or in spring or by semi-ripe cuttings
are followed on female plants by tiny, F. imbricata ‘Prostrata’. Evergreen,
E. giraldii. Deciduous, widely arching in summer or hardwood cuttings in fall.
spherical, purple-black fruits. mound-forming, very dense shrub.
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has pinkish- F. aubertii, syn. Polygonum aubertii
Z8–10 H10–8. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Shoots are densely
green, young growths and oblong leaves. (Silver flea vine, Silver lace vine). Vigorous,
‘Variegata’ of gardens. See Cleyera covered with tiny, heather-like, deep green
Bears upright racemes of large, 5-petaled, deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
japonica ‘Fortunei’. leaves. Bears a profusion of tubular, white
white flowers in late spring. Z6–9 H9–6. climber. H to 40ft (12m) or more. Leaves
flowers in early summer. Z9–11 H12–10.
E. x macrantha ‘The Bride’, illus. p.132. are broadly heart-shaped. Panicles of small,
f. violacea, syn. F. imbricata ‘Violacea’,
EURYALE E. racemosa (Common pearl bush). white or greenish flowers, aging to pink,
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 12ft illus. p.204. ‘Violacea’. See F. imbricata
NYMPHAEACEAE are borne in summer–fall and are followed
(4m). Has upright clusters of 5-petaled, f. violacea. by angled, pinkish-white fruits. Is often
Genus of one species of annual, deep-water white flowers in late spring. Leaves are confused with F. baldschuanica. Z5–9 H9–3.
plant, grown for its floating foliage; is
suitable only for tropical pools. Needs full
oblong and deep blue-green. Prefers acidic FAGUS F. aubertii of gardens. (Silver flea vine,
soil. Z5–9 H9–5. Beech Silver lace vine) See F. baldschuanica.
light, constant warmth and heavy feeding. F. baldschuanica, syn. F. aubertii of
Propagate by seed in spring. FAGACEAE
gardens, Polygonum baldschuanicum, illus.
E. ferox. Annual, deep-water plant. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their p.208.
S 5ft (1.5m). Has floating, rounded, spiny, habit, foliage and fall color. Insignificant
olive-green leaves, with rich purple flowers appear in late spring and hairy
undersides. Bears small, shuttlecock-like, fruits ripen in fall to release edible,
FALLUGIA
red or violet-purple flowers in summer. triangular nuts. Requires sun or semi- ROSACEAE
Z12–15 H12–6. shade; purple-leaved forms prefer full Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
sun, yellow-leaved forms a little shade. grown for its flowers and showy fruit
EURYOPS Grows well in any but waterlogged soil. clusters. Requires a hot, sunny position and
F. sylvatica, when used as hedging, should well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
be trimmed in summer. Propagate species cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, by seed in fall, and selected forms by F. paradoxa, illus. p.128.
grown for their foliage and daisylike flower budding in late summer. Problems may be
heads. Is suitable for borders and rock
gardens. Needs sun and moist but well-
caused by bracket fungi, canker-causing FARFUGIUM F
fungi, aphids and beech coccus.
drained soil. May not tolerate root
F. americana. See F. grandifolia. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
disturbance. Propagate by softwood Genus of perennials, grown for their
F. grandifolia (American beech), syn.
cuttings in summer. foliage and daisy-like flower heads. Needs
F. americana. Deciduous, spreading tree.
E. acraeus, syn. E. evansii, illus. p.344. sun or semi-shade and moist but well-
H and S 30ft (10m). Oval, silky, pale green
E. evansii of gardens. See E. acraeus. drained soil. Propagate by division in
young leaves mature to dark green in
E. pectinatus, illus. p.319. spring or by seed in fall or spring.
summer, then turn golden-brown in fall.
Z3–9 H9–1. F. japonicum, syn. Ligularia tussilaginea
EUSTOMA F. orientalis. (Oriental beech) Deciduous, (Leopard plant). Loosely clump-forming
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Has large,
GENTIANACEAE
Has large, oval, wavy-edged, dark green rounded, toothed, mid-green, basal leaves,
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown above which rise woolly, branched stems
leaves that turn yellow in fall. Z4–7 H7–1.
for their poppy-like flowers that are good bearing clusters of daisy-like, pale yellow
F. sylvatica (European beech), illus. p.64.
for cutting. Makes a good container-grown flower heads in late summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
‘Aspleniifolia’, illus. p.64.
plant. Needs sun and well-drained soil. ‘Aureomaculatum’ has variegated, gold-
f. atropunicea, syn. F. sylvatica
Propagate by seed sown under glass in and-white leaves.
Atropurpureum Group, F. sylvatica f.
late winter.
purpurea (Copper beech, Purple beech)
E. grandiflorum, syn. E. russellianum,
Lisianthus russellianus, illus. p.299. Heidi is a deciduous, round-headed tree. H 80ft FARGESIA
Series produces flowers in shades of (25m), S 50ft (15m). Has oval, wavy- GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
rose-pink, blue, white and bicolors. Z8–11 margined, purple leaves that turn a
H12–1. rich coppery color in fall. Z5–7 H7–5.
and SEDGES.
E. russellianum. See E. grandiflorum. Atropurpureum Group. See F. sylvatica
F. murieliae, syn. Arundinaria murieliae,
f. atropunicea. Aurea Pendula’, H 100ft
F. spathacea of gardens, Sinarundinaria
(30m), S 80ft (25m), is a slender tree
EXACUM with pendulous branches and bright yellow
murieliae, Thamnocalamus murieliae,
Thamnocalamus spathaceus of gardens
GENTIANACEAE leaves that become rich yellow and orange- (Umbrella bamboo). Evergreen, clump-
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, brown in fall. ‘Dawyck’, illus. p.79. forming bamboo. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite.
grown for their profusion of flowers, that ‘Dawyck Purple’ is similar, but has deep Has gray young culms with loose, light
are excellent as pot plants. Needs sun and purple foliage. Leaves of f. laciniata brown sheaths and broad, apple-green
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown (Cutleaf beech) are deeply cut. f. pendula, leaves, each very long- drawn-out at its tip.
in early spring for flowering the same year syn. F. sylvatica ‘Pendula’, illus. p.62. Flower spikes are unimportant. Z5–9 H9–4.
or in late summer for the following year. ‘Pendula’. See F. sylvatica f. pendula. F. nitida (Fountain bamboo), syn.
E. affine (Persian violet). Evergreen, bushy f. purpurea. See F. sylvatica f. atropunicea. Arundinaria nitida, Sinarundinaria nitida.
perennial, usually grown as an annual. ‘Purpurea Pendula’, H and S 10ft (3m), Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo.
H and S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has oval, glossy has stiff, weeping branches and blackish- H 15ft (5m), S indefinite. Has small, pointed,
leaves and masses of tiny, scented, saucer- purple foliage. ‘Riversii’, illus. p.61. mid-green leaves on dark purple stalks and
shaped, purple, rose-pink or white flowers, ‘Rohanii’ illus. p.61. ‘Zlatia’ produces several branches at each node. Stems are
with yellow stamens, in summer and early yellow young foliage that later becomes often purple with close sheaths. Z5–9 H9–5. 577
fall. H7–1. mid- to dark green. F. spathacea of gardens. See F. murieliae.
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FASCICULARIA
cactus. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm). Green spring or by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings
FASCICULARIA FELICIA stem, with 15–20 ribs, bears broad, hooked, or air-layering in summer. Red spider mite
BROMELIACEAE SYN. AGATHAEA red or yellow spines. Funnel-shaped, pale may be a nuisance. T The foliage may
Blue daisy yellow or red flowers are produced in cause mild stomach upset if ingested; the
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE summer on plants more than 4in (10cm) sap may irritate skin or aggravate allergies.
perennials, grown for their overall
wide. Z13–15 H12–10. F. benghalensis, illus. p.452.
appearance. Prefers full light; any well- Genus of annuals, evergreen subshrubs
F. setispinus. See Thelocactus setispinus. F. benjamina (Weeping fig). Evergreen,
drained soil is suitable. Water moderately and (rarely) shrubs, grown for their daisy-
F. wislizenii (Fishhook cactus). Slow- weeping tree, often with aerial roots.
from spring to fall, sparingly in winter. like, mainly blue flower heads. Requires
growing, spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 60–70ft (18–20m). Has slender, oval
Propagate by offsets or division in spring. full sun and well-drained soil. Water
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Green stem, with up leaves, 3–5in (7–13cm) long, in lustrous,
F. andina. See F. bicolor. container plants moderately when in
to 25 ribs, is covered in flattened, fish-hook, rich green. Z10–11 H12–10. ‘Variegata’
F. bicolor, syn. F. andina. Evergreen, full growth, less at other times; dislikes
usually reddish-brown spines, to 5cm (2in) illus. p.450.
rosetted perennial forming congested wet conditions, particularly in low
long. Funnel-shaped, orange or yellow F. deltoidea, illus. p.458.
hummocks. H to 18in (45cm), S to 24in temperatures. Cut off dead flowering
flowers, 6cm (21⁄2in) across, are produced F. elastica (India rubber fig). ‘Decora’ is
(60cm). Has dense rosettes of linear, stems and cut back straggly shoots
in late summer, on plants more than 10in a strong-growing, evergreen, irregularly
tapered, arching, mid- to deep green regularly. Propagate by seed in spring
(25cm) wide, which should attain this size ovoid tree. H to 100ft (30m), S 50–70ft
leaves. In summer produces a cluster of or by greenwood cuttings in summer
10–15 years after raising from seed. (15–20m). Has broadly oval, leathery,
tubular, pale blue flowers, surrounded or early fall.
Z13–15 H12–10. lustrous, deep green leaves, pinkish-bronze
by bright red bracts, at the heart of each F. amelloides, syn. Aster capensis (Blue
when young. Z11 H12–10. ‘Doescheri’,
mature rosette. Z10–13 H12–7. daisy). Bushy sub-shrub, grown as an
illus. p.450. Leaves of ‘Variegata’ are
annual. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Bears FERRARIA cream-edged, mottled with gray-green.
deep green leaves, to 11/4in (3cm) long,
x FATSHEDERA and light to deep blue flowers from
IRIDACEAE Z14–15 H12–10.
ARALIACEAE Genus of spring-flowering corms, grown F. lyrata (Banjo fig). Evergreen, ovoid,
summer to fall. Z8–11 H12–8. ‘Santa
Anita’, illus. p.157. for their curious flowers with 3 large, robust-stemmed tree. H 50ft (15m) or more,
Hybrid genus (Fatsia japonica ‘Moseri’ x
F. bergeriana (Kingfisher daisy). Fairly outer petals and 3 small, inner ones, with S to 30ft (10m). Fiddle-shaped leaves,
Hedera helix ‘Hibernica’) of one evergreen,
fast-growing, mat-forming annual. H and very wavy edges. Is unpleasant-smelling 1ft (30cm) or more long, are lustrous,
fall-flowering shrub, grown for its foliage.
S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy, to attract flies, which pollinate flowers. deep green. Z11–12 H12–7.
Is good trained against a wall or pillar or,
gray-green leaves. Small, daisy-like, blue Requires full sun and well-drained soil. F. macrophylla (Australian banyan,
if supported by canes, cultivated as a house
flower heads, with yellow centers, open Plant in fall, water during winter and dry Moreton Bay fig). Evergreen, wide-
plant. Prefers a sunny or shaded position
only in sunshine in summer and early fall. off after flowering. Dies down in summer. spreading, dense tree with a buttressed
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
Z11 H11–1. Propagate by division in late summer or trunk when mature. H 70–100ft (20–30m),
semi-ripe cuttings in summer.
by seed in fall. S 100–130ft (30–40m). Oval leaves, to 8in
x F. lizei, (Aralia ivy, Botanical wonder) illus.
F. crispa, syn. F. undulata, illus. p.407. (20cm) long, are leathery, glossy, deep
p.211. ‘Variegata’ is an evergreen, mound- FENESTRARIA F. undulata. See F. crispa. green. Z11–12 H12–7.
forming, loose-branched shrub. H 5ft (1.5m)
or more if trained as a climber, S 10ft (3m).
AIZOACEAE F. pumila, syn. F. repens (Climbing fig,
Creeping fig). Evergreen, root climber.
Has rounded, deeply lobed, glossy, deep Genus of clump-forming, perennial FERULA H 25ft (8m), 5ft (1.5m) as a container plant.
green leaves, narrowly edged with creamy- succulents, grown for their basal rosettes Giant fennel
of fleshy leaves that have gray ‘windows’ Bright green leaves are heart-shaped when
white. From mid- to late fall bears sprays of
in their flattened tips. Needs sun and very UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE young; 11/4–3in (3–8cm) long, leathery and
small, white flowers. Z8–11 H12–8.
F well-drained soil. Keep bone dry in winter. Genus of mainly summer-flowering oval when mature. Unpalatable fruits are
Propagate by seed in spring or summer. perennials, grown for their bold, 6cm (21⁄2in) long, orange at first, then
FATSIA F. aurantica. See F. rhopalophylla subsp. architectural form. Should not be flushed red-purple. Only reaches adult
ARALIACEAE aurantiaca. confused with culinary fennel, stage in very warm regions or under
F. rhopalophylla. Clump-forming, Foeniculum. Needs sun and well-drained glass. Pinch out branch tips to encourage
Genus of one species of evergreen,
perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 8in soil. Propagate by seed when fresh, in branching. Z9–11 H12–1. The young leaves
fall-flowering shrub, grown for its
(20cm). Forms open cushions of erect, late summer. of ‘Minima’ are shorter and narrower.
foliage, flowers and fruits. Is excellent
club-shaped, glossy, glaucous to mid-green F. communis, illus. p.219. F. religiosa (Bo tree, Peepul, Sacred fig).
for conservatories. At limits of hardiness,
leaves, each with a flattened tip. Bears Mainly evergreen, rounded to wide-
provide shelter from strong winds.
daisy-like, white flowers, on long stems, spreading tree with prop roots from
Tolerates sun or shade and requires
in late summer and fall. Z13–15 H12–10.
FESTUCA branches. H and S 70–100ft (20–30m).
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by Fescue
subsp. aurantiaca, syn. F. aurantica illus. Leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long, are broadly
semi-ripe cuttings in summer or by
p.495. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE oval to almost triangular with long, thread-
seed in fall or spring.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES like tips, pink-flushed when expanding.
F. japonica, syn. Aralia japonica, Aralia
Z14–15 H12–10.
sieboldii (Japanese fatsia). Evergreen, FEROCACTUS and SEDGES.
F. repens. See F. pumila.
rounded, dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). F. glauca, syn. F. ovina var. glauca (Gray
Barrel cactus F. rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig, Rusty-
Has sturdy shoots and very large, rounded, fescue). Group of evergreen, tuft-forming,
CACTACEAE perennial grasses. H and S 4in (10cm). leaved fig). Evergreen, dense-headed tree
deeply lobed, glossy, dark green leaves.
Genus of slow-growing, spherical, Bears narrow leaves in various shades with a buttressed trunk. H and S 70–100ft
Dense clusters of tiny, white flowers,
perennial cacti, becoming columnar after of blue-green to silvery-white. Produces (20–30m) or more. Elliptic, blunt-pointed
produced in mid-fall, are followed by
many years. Needs full sun and very well- unimportant panicles of spikelets in leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, are glossy, dark
rounded, black fruits. Z8–10 H10–8.
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring summer. Is good for bed edging. Divide green above, usually with rust-colored
‘Variegata’ illus. p.144.
or summer. Treat blackened areoles with every 2–3 years in spring. Z4–8 H8–1. down beneath. Z14–15 H12–10.
F. papyrifera. See Tetrapanax papyrifer.
systemic fungicide and ensure plants have F. ovina var. glauca. See F. glauca.
FAUCARIA
good ventilation.
Ficaria verna. See Ranunculus ficaria.
FILIPENDULA
F. acanthodes. See F. cylindraceus.
Tiger jaws F. chrysacanthus. Slow-growing,
ROSACEAE
AIZOACEAE spherical, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), FICUS Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
S 2ft (60cm). Green stem, with 15–20 ribs, perennials. Most grow in full sun or partial
Genus of clump-forming, stemless, Fig
is fairly densely covered with curved, shade, in moist but well-drained, leafy soil;
perennial succulents, grown for their semi- MORACEAE
yellow-white spines. In summer bears some species, e.g. F. rubra, will thrive in
cylindrical or 3-angled, fleshy, bright green
funnel-shaped, yellow, rarely red, flowers, Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees, boggy sites. F. vulgaris needs a drier site,
leaves and yellow flowers that open in late
2in (5cm) across, only on plants 10in (25cm) shrubs and scrambling or root climbers, in full sun. Propagate by seed in fall or by
afternoons in fall. Buds and dead flowers
or more in diameter. Z12–15 H12–10. grown for their foliage and for shade; a few division in fall or winter.
may appear orange or red. Requires full sun
F. cylindraceus, syn. F. acanthodes, illus. species also for fruit. All bear insignificant F. camtschatica, syn. F. kamtschatica.
and well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter
p.494. clusters of flowers in spring or summer. Clump-forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m),
and water sparingly in spring. Propagate by
F. hamatacanthus, syn. Hamatocactus Prefers full light or partial shade and fertile, S 3ft (1m). In mid-summer produces frothy,
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
hamatacanthus, illus. p.486. well-drained soil. Water container flat heads of scented, star-shaped, white
F. tigrina, illus. p.495.
578 F. latispinus (Devil’s tongue). Slow- specimens moderately, very little when or pale pink flowers above large, lance-
Feijoa. See Acca. growing, flattened spherical, perennial temperatures are low. Propagate by seed in shaped, divided and cut leaves. Z3–9 H9–1.
FREESIA
F. hexapetala. See F. vulgaris.‘Flore flower heads after fading to prevent self- F. gardenii, illus. p.163. F. americana (White ash). Fast-growing,
Pleno’. See F. vulgaris ‘Multiplex’. seeding. Propagate by seed in fall. F. major, syn. F. monticola, illus. p.117. deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),
F. kamtschatica. See F. camtschatica. F. vulgare (Common fennel). Z6–9 H9–6. F. monticola. See F. major. S 50ft (15m). Leaves are dark green, with
F. purpurea, illus. p.238. ‘Purpureum’ is an erect, branching 5–9 oval to lance-shaped leaflets,
F. rubra, illus. p.438. perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has Fragaria indica. See Duchesnea indica. sometimes turning yellow or purple in
F. ulmaria, syn. Spiraea ulmaria, illus. very finely divided, hair-like, bronze leaves fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
p.436. ‘Aurea’, illus. p.274. and, in summer, large, flat umbels of small, FRAILEA F. angustifolia. subsp. oxycarpa, syn.
F. vulgaris, syn. F. hexapetala (Dropwort). yellow flowers. F. oxycarpa Deciduous, spreading tree.
CACTACEAE
‘Multiplex’, syn. F. hexapetala ‘Flore H 80ft (25m ), S 40ft (12m). Leaves usually
Pleno’ is an upright, rosette-forming Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial consist of 9–11 slender, lance-shaped,
perennial with fleshy, swollen roots. H 3ft
FONTINALIS cacti with tuberculate ribs. Bears short glossy, dark green leaflets that turn
Water moss spines, mostly bristly. In summer produces
(1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). In summer produces golden-yellow in fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
flat panicles of rounded, double, white SPHAGNACEAE/FONTINALACEAE masses of buds, most of which develop F. excelsior (European ash). Vigorous,
flowers, sometimes flushed pink, above Genus of evergreen, perennial, submerged into small, spherical, shiny pods without deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m),
fern-like, finely divided, toothed, hairless, water plants, grown for their foliage, which opening. Needs partial shade and very S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with usually
dark green leaves. Z4–7 H8–1. provides dense cover for fish and a good well-drained soil. Is not well-adapted to 9–11 oval leaflets, sometimes become yellow
site for the deposit of spawn. Grows in long periods of drought. Propagate by seed in fall. Black leaf buds are conspicuous in
in spring or summer. winter. Z5–8 H8–5. f. diversifolia has
FIRMIANA sun or partial shade in streams and other
F. pulcherrima. See F. pygmaea.
running water; tolerates still water if leaves that are simple or with only 3 leaflets.
STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE cool, but then does not grow to full size. F. pygmaea, syn. F. pulcherrima, illus. ‘Jaspidea’, illus. p.60. ‘Pendula’, illus.
Genus of mainly deciduous trees and Propagate by division in spring. p.490. p.79. ‘Raywood’, illus. p.66.
shrubs, grown for their foliage and to F. antipyretica (Water moss, Willow F. mariesii. See F. sieboldiana.
provide shade. Requires fertile, moist but moss). Evergreen, perennial, submerged FRANCOA F. ornus, illus. p.71.
well-drained soil and full light or partial water plant. H 1in (2.5cm), S indefinite. Bridal wreath F. oxycarpa (Narrow-leaved ash). See
shade. Water container specimens freely Forms spreading colonies of moss-like, F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa.
SAXIFRAGACEAE/FRANCOACEAE
when in full growth, less in winter. Pruning dark olive-green leaves. Z4–8. F. pennsylvanica (Green ash, Red ash).
is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by seed Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree.
when ripe or in spring. perennials. Needs full sun and fertile, well- H and S 70ft (20m). Leaves of usually 7 or
F. platanifolia. See F. simplex.
FORSYTHIA drained soil. Propagate by seed or division 9 narrowly oval, dull green leaflets are
F. simplex, syn. F. platanifolia, Sterculia x OLEACEAE in spring. often velvety beneath, like the shoots, and
platanifolia, illus. p.451. Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering F. appendiculata. Clump-forming turn yellow in fall. Z3–9 H9–4. ‘Patmore’
shrubs, grown for their usually profuse, perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). is disease-resistant, with long-lasting,
Racemes of small, bell-shaped, pale pink glossy leaves, but does not bear fruit.
FITTONIA yellow flowers, which are produced before
flowers, spotted with deep pink at base, are
the leaves emerge. F. ‘Beatrix Farrand’ and F. sieboldiana, syn. F. mariesii. Slow-
Nerve plant, Painted net leaf borne on erect stems from summer to early
F. x intermedia ‘Lynwood Variety’ make growing, deciduous, compact-headed tree.
ACANTHACEAE attractive, flowering hedges. Prefers full fall, above oblong to oval, lobed, hairy, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves consist of
Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials, sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Thin out crinkled, dark green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. 3–5 oval, dark green leaflets, each on a
grown mainly for their foliage. Is useful old shoots and trim hedges immediately F. sonchifolia. Clump-forming perennial. purple stalk. Produces clusters of small,
as ground cover. Needs a fairly humid after flowering. Propagate by softwood H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears racemes fragrant, star-shaped, creamy-white flowers
atmosphere. Needs shade and well-drained cuttings in summer or by hardwood of cup-shaped, red-marked, pink flowers in early summer, followed by narrowly F
soil; keep well watered but avoid cuttings in fall or winter. from summer to early fall. Lobed leaves oblong, purple fruits. Z7–10 H10–7.
waterlogging, especially in winter. If it F. ‘Flo Jar’. See F. x intermedia MINIGOLD. each have a large, terminal lobe. Z7–9 F. velutina, illus. p.74.
becomes too straggly, cut back in spring. F. x intermedia ‘Arnold Giant’ H9–7. Rogerson’s form, H 24in (60cm),
Propagate in spring or summer, with extra Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm) or more, has lance-shaped,
lobed, dark green leaves and slender,
FREESIA
heat, by division or stem cuttings. S 8ft (2.5m). Has sturdy shoots and oblong,
F. albivenis Argyroneura Group, syn. sharply toothed, mid-green leaves. Large, wandlike racemes of star-shaped, rich pink IRIDACEAE
F. argyroneura, F. verschaffeltii var. 4-lobed, deep yellow flowers are produced and red flowers in summer. Is good for Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
argyroneura, illus. p.468. Verschaffeltii sparsely from early to mid-spring. Z6–9 groundcover. corms, grown for their usually fragrant,
Group, syn. F. verschaffeltii (Painted net- H9–5. ‘Beatrix Farrand’, illus. p.127. funnel-shaped flowers, which are popular
leaf) is an evergreen, creeping perennial. ‘Karl Sax’, H 8ft (2.5m), is dense-growing, FRANKLINIA for cutting. Requires full sun and well-
H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite. Produces with an abundance of flowers. Some leaves Franklin tree drained soil. Plant in fall and water
small, oval, red-veined, olive-green leaves. turn red or purple in fall. ‘Lynwood’, throughout winter. Support with twigs or
Flowers are best removed if they form. H 10ft (3m), is very free-flowering, vigorous
THEACEAE small canes. Dry off corms after flowering.
Z14–15 H11–1. and upright. MINIGOLD (‘Flo Jar’), H and Genus of one species of deciduous tree Plant specially prepared corms outdoors in
F. argyroneura. See F. albivenis S 6ft (2m), has oblong, mid-green leaves, or shrub, grown for its flowers and fall spring for flowering in summer. Propagate
Argyroneura Group. produces masses of small, yellow flowers. color. Requires full sun and moist but by offsets in fall or by seed in spring.
F. verschaffeltii. See F. albivenis ‘Spectabilis’, illus. p.127. ‘Spring Glory’, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. F. alba, syn. F. refracta var. alba. Late
Verschaffeltii Group. var. argyroneura. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), has clusters of large, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer, winter- and spring-flowering corm.
See F. albivenis Argyroneura Group. 4-lobed, pale yellow flowers borne in mid- by seed in fall or by hardwood cuttings in H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 11/2 –21/2in (4–6cm).
spring and bright green leaves. early winter. Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect leaves in
F. alatamaha. Deciduous, upright tree
FITZROYA F. ovata (Early forsythia, Korean forsythia).
or shrub. H and S 15ft (5m) or more. Large,
a basal fan. Leafless stems bear loose spikes
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). of very fragrant, white flowers, sometimes
CUPRESSACEAE Bears broadly oval, toothed, dark green shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers, with with a yellow blotch on the lowest petal,
See also CONIFERS. leaves. Produces small, 4-lobed, bright yellow stamens, are borne in late summer 2–3in (5–8cm) long. Z10–11 H12–6.
F. cupressoides, syn. F. patagonica, illus. yellow flowers in early spring. Z5–7 H7–5. and early fall. Oblong, glossy, bright green F. alba of gardens. See F. caryophyllacea.
p.100. ‘Tetragold’ has larger flowers. Z4–7 H7–3. leaves turn red in fall. Z6–9 H9–6. F. armstrongii. See F. corymbosa.
F. patagonica. See F. cupressoides. F. suspensa, illus. p.195. F. caryophyllacea, syn. F. alba of
FRAXINUS gardens, F. lactea, F. xanthospila. Late
FOENICULUM FOTHERGILLA Ash
winter- and spring-flowering corm.
H to 6in (15cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Has
Fennel HAMAMELIDACEAE OLEACEAE narrowly sword-shaped leaves growing at
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, an angle. Short, leafless stems bear spikes
Genus of summer-flowering biennials shrubs, grown for their fall color grown mainly for their foliage of paired of white, narrowly tubular flowers, 11/4–2in
and perennials, some of which are grown and fragrant flowers, each with a dense, leaflets; flowers are usually insignificant. (3–5cm) long, with the lower 3 petals
for their umbels of yellow flowers. Is also bottlebrushlike cluster of stamens, which Requires sun and fertile, well-drained but usually marked with yellow. Z11 H12–6.
grown for its leaves, which are both open before or as leaves emerge. Grows in not too dry soil. Propagate species by seed F. corymbosa, syn. F. armstrongii. Late
decorative in borders and used for culinary sun or partial shade, but colors best in full in fall, selected forms by budding in winter- and spring-flowering corm. H to
flavoring. Needs an open, sunny position sun. Requires moist, peaty, acidic soil. summer. T Contact with lichens on the 12in (30cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Has 579
and fertile, well-drained soil. Remove Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer. bark may aggravate skin allergies. narrowly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves.
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FREMONTODENDRON
Flower stem bends horizontally near the pink flower, 11/2–2in (3.5–5cm) long, variegated red, gold and bronze leaves.
top and bears a spike of unscented, upright, FRITILLARIA conspicuously checkered and suffused Flowers have red tubes and sepals with
pink flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–3.5cm) long, with Fritillary gray outside. Z7–9 H9–7. reddish-purple petals. Is suitable for a
yellow bases. Z10–11 H12–6. LILIACEAE F. verticillata, illus. p.382. hanging basket or for training as a
F. ‘Golden Melody’. Winter- and weeping standard. Z9–11 H12–9.
Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
spring-flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm), F. x bacillaris, syn. F. parviflora of
S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Is similar to
for their pendent, mainly bell-shaped FUCHSIA gardens. Group of deciduous, lax shrubs.
flowers on leafy stems. Protect smaller, ONAGRACEAE
F. corymbosa, but has larger, fragrant H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Small leaves are mid-
2–6in (5–15cm) high species in cold frames
flowers, yellow throughout. Z10–11 H12–6. Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs to dark green. Bears minute, white, pink or
or cold greenhouses. Needs full sun or
F. lactea. See F. caryophyllacea. and trees, grown for their flowers, usually crimson flowers (color varying according
partial shade and well-drained soil that
F. laxa. See Anomatheca laxa. borne from early summer to early fall. If to sun), sometimes followed by glossy,
dries out slightly in summer when bulbs
F. ‘Oberon’. Winter- and spring-flowering temperature remains above 39°F (4°C), black fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden
are dormant but that does not become
corm. H to 16in (40cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). deciduous plants are evergreen, but or hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9.
sunbaked. Grow F. meleagris, which is
Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect, basal temperatures above 90°F (32°C) should F. ‘Ballet Girl’. Deciduous, upright shrub.
good for naturalizing in grass, in moist
leaves and yellow flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) be avoided. Prolonged low temperatures H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–30in (45–75cm).
soil. Propagate by offsets in summer or
long, light blood-red inside; the throats are cause loss of top growth. If top growth Produces large, double flowers with bright
by seed in fall or winter.
lemon-yellow with small, red veins. Z10–11 dies in winter, cut back to ground level cerise tubes and sepals, and white petals
F. acmopetala, illus. p.406.
H12–6. in spring. Needs a sheltered, partially with cerise veins at the base. Z9–11 H12–9.
F. bucharica. Spring-flowering bulb.
F. refracta var. alba. See shaded position, except where stated F. ‘Bicentennial’, illus. p.302. Deciduous,
H 4–14in (10–35cm), S 2in (5cm). Stems
F. caryophyllacea. otherwise, and fertile, moist but well- lax shrub. H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 18–24in
each bear scattered, lance-shaped, gray-
F. ‘Romany’. Winter- and spring-flowering drained soil. When grown as container (45–60cm). Bears medium, double flowers
green leaves and a raceme of up to 10
corm. H to 12in (30cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm ). plants in a greenhouse, fuchsias also need with thin, white tubes, orange sepals and
cup-shaped, green-tinged, white flowers,
Is similar to F. corymbosa, but has fragrant, high-nitrogen feeds and, when flowering, double corollas with magenta centers
5
double, pale mauve flowers. Z10–11 H12–6. /8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) long. Z8–10
plenty of potash. Propagate by softwood surrounded by orange petals. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘White Swan’. Winter- and spring- F. camschatcensis, illus. p.403.
F. chitralensis. Spring- to early summer- cuttings in any season. F. boliviana. Fast-growing, deciduous,
flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm), Tubular flowers are almost always upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (1m). Has
S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). Is similar to flowering bulb. H 20–32in (50–80cm), S 4in
(10cm). Has ovate, mid- to light green pendulous and often bicolored, with petals large, soft, gray-green leaves with reddish
F. corymbosa but has very fragrant, white of one hue, and a tube and 4 sepals of midribs. Long-tubed, scarlet flowers,
flowers with cream throats. Z10–11 H12–6. leaves and open umbels of 4 or 5 pendent,
conical, bright yellow flowers. Is similar to another. Leaves are oval and mid-green bunched at ends of branches, are followed
F. xanthospila. See F. caryophyllacea. unless otherwise stated. Spherical to by edible, black fruits. Needs a large pot
F. imperialis. Z6–8 H8–6.
Fremontia. See Fremontodendron. F. cirrhosa, illus. p.406. cylindrical, usually blackish-purple fruits and plenty of space to grow well. Resents
F. crassifolia. Spring-flowering bulb. are edible, but mostly poor-flavored. being pinched back. Is very susceptible to
H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has Upright types may be trained as compact whitefly. Z13–15 H12–9. var. alba (syn.
FREMONTODENDRON scattered, lance-shaped, gray leaves. bushes or standards or, with more F. boliviana var. luxurians ‘Alba’,
SYN. FREMONTIA difficulty, as pyramids. Lax or trailing F. corymbiflora ‘Alba’) has flowers with
Stems each produce 1–3 bell-shaped,
Flannel bush plants are good for hanging baskets, but white tubes and sepals and scarlet petals,
green flowers, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) long and
STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE checkered with brown. Z6–8 H6–8. may be trained on trellises; if they are used followed by green fruits. var. luxurians
Genus of vigorous, evergreen or semi- F. delphinensis. See F. tubiformis. for summer bedding, they require staking. ‘Alba’. See F. boliviana var. alba.
evergreen shrubs, grown for their large, F. imperialis, illus. p.383. ‘Lutea’ illus. Heights given in descriptions below are of F. ‘Bon Accorde’. Vigorous, deciduous,
F very showy flowers. At the limits of p.382. ‘Rubra Maximia’ is a very robust, plants grown in frost-free conditions. See upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm).
hardiness, plant against a south- or west- spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), also feature panels, p.154 (hardy fuchsias) Small, erect flowers have white tubes and
facing wall. Needs full sun and light, not S 9–12in (23–30cm). Leafy stems each bear and p.302 (tender fuchsias). sepals and pale purple petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
too rich, well-drained soil. In mild areas, lance-shaped, light green leaves in whorls F. ‘Alice Hoffman’. Deciduous, compact F. ‘Brookwood Belle’. Deciduous, lax,
may be grown as a spreading shrub, but and a head of up to 5 widely bell-shaped, shrub. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Has bronze bushy shrub with strong, short-jointed
needs firm staking when young. Resents red flowers, 2in (5cm) long, crowned by foliage and small, semi-double flowers with stems. H and S 18–24in (45–60cm). Medium,
being transplanted. Propagate by semi-ripe small, leaf-like bracts. rose-red tubes and sepals and rose-veined, double flowers have deep cerise tubes and
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall or F. meleagris, illus. p.402. white petals. Z9–11 H12–9. sepals, and white petals flushed pink and
spring. T Contact with the foliage and F. michailovskyi. Spring-flowering bulb. F. ‘Annabel’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, veined deep rose-pink. Z9–11 H12–9.
shoots may irritate the skin. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has lance- upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). F. ‘Brutus’. Vigorous, deciduous, upright
F. ‘California Glory’, illus. p.206. shaped, gray leaves scattered on stem. Produces large, double, pink-tinged, creamy- shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Single or semi-
F. californicum (California flannel bush). Bears 1–4 bell-shaped, purplish-brown white flowers amid pale green leaves. double flowers have crimson-red tubes and
Vigorous, evergreen or semi-evergreen, flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, with upper Makes an excellent standard. Z9–11 H11–9. sepals and deep purple petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m) when F. ‘Applause’. Deciduous, lax, upright F. ‘Burning Bush’. See F. ‘Autumnale’.
third of petals bright yellow. Z5–8 H8–5.
grown against a wall. Large, saucer-shaped, shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm), S 18–24in F. California Dreamer Series.
F. pallidiflora, illus. p.406.
bright yellow flowers are borne amid dark (45–60cm). Bears very large, double flowers Deciduous, semi-trailing shrub. H and
F. persica, illus. p.382. ‘Adiyaman’ is a
green leaves, each with 3 rounded lobes, with short, thick, pale carmine tubes, very S 18in (45cm). Produces very large, blowsy,
spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4in
from late spring to mid-fall. Z8–10 H10–8. broad, carmine sepals with a pale central fully double flowers. Is ideal in a large
(10cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, gray
F. mexicanum (Mexican flannel bush).
leaves along stem. Produces a spike of streak, and many, spreading, deep orange- container. Z9–11 H12–9. ‘Snowburner’
Vigorous, evergreen or semi-evergreen,
10–20 or more narrowly bell-shaped, deep red petals. Produces best color in shade. (illus. p.302) has wavy, horizontal, red
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m) when
blackish-purple flowers, 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) Needs staking as a bush, but will trail sepals and ruffled, white petals delicately
grown against a wall. Dark green leaves have
long. ‘Ivory Bells’ illus. p.382. with weights. Z9–11 H12–9. patterned with red veins. Z9–11 H11–9.
5 deep, rounded lobes. Bears masses of large,
F. pontica, illus. p.406. F. arborea. See F. arborescens. F. ‘Cascade’. Deciduous, trailing shrub.
saucer-shaped, deep golden-yellow flowers
F. pudica, illus. p.422. F. arborescens, syn. F. arborea (Lilac H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears red-tinged,
from late spring to mid-fall. Z9–10 H10–9.
F. pyrenaica, illus. p.403. fuchsia). Evergreen, upright tree. H 25ft white tubes and sepals and deep carmine
F. ‘Pacific Sunset’. Upright, evergreen
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10–12ft (3–4m). F. raddeana, illus. p.382. (8m), S 8ft (2.5m). Foliage is mid- to dark petals. Is excellent in a hanging basket.
Rounded, strongly lobed leaves are F. recurva, illus. p.383. green. Erect heads of tiny, pale mauve Z9–11 H12–9.
dark green. In summer produces saucer- F. sewerzowii, syn. Korolkowia to pink flowers, borne year-round, are F. ‘Celia Smedley’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
shaped, bright yellow flowers, to 21/2in sewerzowii. Spring-flowering bulb. followed by black fruits with gray-blue deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
(6cm) across, with long, slender-pointed H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). bloom. May also be grown as a container (1m). Large, single or semi-double flowers
lobes. Z9–10 H10–9. Stems bear scattered, broadly lance- plant. Z9–11 H12–9. have greenish-white tubes, pale pinkish-
shaped leaves. Produces a spike of up to F. ‘Auntie Jinks’. Deciduous, trailing white sepals and currant-red petals. Is best
10 narrowly bell-shaped, green or metallic shrub. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 8–16in when trained as a standard. Z9–11 H11–9.
FRITHIA purplish-blue flowers, 1–11/2in (2.5–3.5cm) (20–40cm). Bears small, single flowers F. ‘Checkerboard’. Vigorous, deciduous,
AIZOACEAE long, with flared mouths. Z6–8 H8–6. with pink-red tubes, cerise-margined, upright shrub with strong stems. H 30–36in
Genus of one species of rosette-forming, F. tubiformis, syn. F. delphinensis. white sepals and white-shaded, purple (75–90cm), S 18–30in (45–75cm). Produces
perennial succulent. Needs sun and well- Spring-flowering bulb. H 6–14in (15–35cm), petals. Z9–11 H12–9. medium, single flowers with slightly
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring S 2–3in (5–8cm). Stems bear scattered, F. ‘Autumnale’, syn. F. ‘Burning Bush’. recurved, long red tubes, red sepals
580 or summer. narrowly lance-shaped, gray leaves and Deciduous, lax shrub, grown mainly for turning white and white-based, dark red
F. pulchra, illus. p.485. a solitary, broadly bell-shaped, purplish- its foliage. H 6ft (2m), S 20in (50cm). Bears petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
FUCHSIA
F. ‘Cloverdale Pearl’. Deciduous, upright and are followed by edible but acidic, green F. ‘La Campanella’. Deciduous, trailing F. ‘Mrs. Lovell Swisher’ (illus. p.302).
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Foliage is fruits. Tubers may be stored dry for winter. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has small, Deciduous, upright shrub. H 18–24in
mid-green with crimson midribs. Flowers May also be propagated by division of semi-double flowers with white tubes, (45–60cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Produces
have pinkish-white tubes, pink-veined, white tubers in spring. Is highly susceptible to pink-flushed, white sepals and cerise- masses of small, single flowers with flesh-
petals and green-tipped, pink sepals. Is whitefly. H11–9. purple petals. Thrives in a hanging basket pink tubes, pinkish-white sepals and deep
readily trained as a standard. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Garden News’. Deciduous, upright or trained against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9. rose-pink petals. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘Coquet Bell’. Vigorous, deciduous, shrub with strong stems. H and S 18–24in F. ‘Lady Thumb’, illus. p.152. F. ‘Mrs. Popple’ (illus. p.154). Vigorous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Has (45–60cm). Medium, double flowers have F. ‘Lena’. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),
a profusion of single or semi-double short, thick, pink tubes, frost-pink sepals S 3ft (1m). Bears double flowers with pale S 21/2ft (75cm). Has flowers with red tubes,
flowers with pinkish-red tubes and sepals and magenta-rose petals becoming rose- pink sepals and tubes and pink-flushed, overhanging, red sepals and purple petals.
and red-veined, pale mauve petals. Z9–11 pink at the base. Z9–11 H12–9. purple petals. Makes a good standard. In a sheltered area may be grown as a
H12–9. F. ‘Genii’. Deciduous, erect shrub. H 5ft Z9–11 H12–9. hedge. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘Coralle’, syn. F. ‘Koralle’ (illus. p.302). (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has golden-green F. ‘Leonora’, illus. p.301. F. ‘Mrs. Rundle’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). foliage. Produces small flowers with cerise- F. ‘Love’s Reward’. Deciduous, upright, lax shrub. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces
Foliage is velvety and deep green. Salmon- red tubes and sepals and reddish-purple short-jointed shrub. H and S 12–18in large flowers with long, pink tubes, green-
orange flowers, with long, narrow tubes petals. Makes a good standard. Z9–11 (30–45cm). Small to medium, single flowers tipped, pink sepals and vermilion petals. Is
and small sepals and petals, are bunched H12–9. have white to pale pink tubes and sepals good for training as a standard or growing
at branch ends. Is useful for summer F. ‘Golden Dawn’. Deciduous, upright and violet-blue petals. Z9–11 H12–9. in a large hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9.
bedding and as a specimen plant. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Flowers F. ‘Lye’s Unique’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous, F. ‘Nancy Lou’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Prefers sun. H11–9. are salmon-pink. Is good for training as a deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Large,
F. ‘Corallina’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, standard. Z9–11 H12–9. S 3ft (1m). Has small flowers with long, double flowers have pink tubes, upright,
spreading shrub. H 16in (40cm), S 60in F. ‘Golden Marinka’ (illus. p.302). white tubes and sepals and orange-red green-tipped, pink sepals and bright white
(1.5m). Has burgundy-red stems and mid- Deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), petals. Is excellent for training as a large petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
green leaves flushed pink at the bases. S indefinite. Has red flowers and pyramid. Z9–11 H11–9. F. ‘Nellie Nuttall’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
Pendent, medium flowers have narrow, variegated golden-yellow leaves with F. ‘Madame Cornélissen’ (illus. p.154). deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m),
spreading, scarlet sepals and broader, red veins. Is excellent for a hanging Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S to 3ft S 21/2ft (75cm). Flowers, with rose-red tubes
shorter, purple petals tinted red at the basket. Z9–11 H11–9. (1m). Has long, white tubes and mauve- and sepals and white petals, are borne well
bases. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Gruss aus dem Bodethal’. red sepals. Z9–11 H12–9. above foliage. Is especially suitable for
F. corymbiflora ‘Alba’. See F. boliviana Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), F. magellanica (illus. p.154). Deciduous, summer bedding; is also good as a
var. alba. S 21/2ft (75cm). Small, single or semi- upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Small standard. Z9–11 H11–9.
F. ‘Dancing Flame’. Deciduous, lax double, crimson flowers open almost flowers with red tubes, long, red sepals and F. ‘Other Fellow’. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 18in (45cm). Strong stems black, becoming larger and paler with purple petals are followed by black fruits. shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Has
bear small, oval, deep green leaves. Double, age. Z9–11 H12–9. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Alba’ see F. magellanica var. small flowers with white tubes and sepals
purple and blue flowers have bright pink F. ‘Harry Gray’. Deciduous, lax shrub. molinae. var. gracilis (illus. p.154), H 32in and pink petals. Z9–11 H12–9.
sepals. Z9–11 H12–9. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears a profusion (80cm) S 1.2m (48in), is a compact, mound- F. ‘Pacquesa’. Vigorous, deciduous,
F. ‘Dark Eyes’. Deciduous, bushy, upright of double flowers with pale pink tubes, forming shrub with rich red stems and upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
shrub. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 24–30in green-tipped, white sepals and white to pendent, medium flowers with narrow, Has flowers with deep red tubes and sepals
(60–75cm). Bears medium, double flowers pale pink petals. Is excellent in a hanging slightly spreading, scarlet sepals and and red-veined, white petals. Is good for
that hold their shape for a long period. basket. Z9–11 H12–9. shorter, deep purple petals. var. molinae training as a standard. Z9–11 H12–9.
Tubes and upturned sepals are deep red, F. ‘Heidi Weiss’, syn. F. ‘White Ann’ of (syn. F. magellanica ‘Alba’) has very pale F. parviflora of gardens. See F. x bacillaris. F
and petals deep violet-blue. Z9–11 H12–9. gardens, F. ‘White Heidi Ann’ of gardens. pink flowers. var. molinae ‘Enstone’ F. ‘Peppermint Stick’. Deciduous,
F. denticulata. Deciduous, straggling Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), has gold and green, variegated foliage. upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Double,
shrub. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite. Leaves are S 21/2ft (75cm). Has double flowers with red var. molinae ‘Sharpitor’ produces carmine-red flowers have a central, white
glossy, dark green above and reddish- tubes and sepals and cerise-veined, white cream and pale green, variegated leaves. stripe and royal purple sepals. Z9–11 H12–9.
green beneath. Flowers have long, crimson petals. Is good for training as a standard. ‘Thompsonii’ (illus. p.154), H 5ft (1.5m), F. ‘Phyllis’. Deciduous, upright shrub.
tubes, green-tipped, pale pink sepals and Z9–11 H12–9. S 3ft (1m), has bright red sepals and purple H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Single to semi-double
vermilion petals. With good cultivation F. ‘Howlett’s Hardy’, (illus. p.154). petals, red-tinted at the bases. flowers, with rose-red tubes and sepals
under glass, flowers are borne in fall– Deciduous, mound-forming shrub. H 16in F. ‘Margaret Brown’. Deciduous, free- and crimson petals, are followed by masses
winter. Z9–11 H12–9. (40cm), S 24in (60cm). Dark red-purple flowering, upright shrub. H and S 2–3ft (60– of black fruits. In a sheltered area may be
F. ‘Display’. Deciduous, upright stems bear slightly bronzed, mid-green 90cm). Has strong stems and light green grown as a hedge. Z9–11 H12–9.
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Bears leaves. Throughout summer produces foliage, and bears small, single, 2-tone pink F. ‘Pink Fantasia’. Deciduous, stiff,
saucer-shaped flowers in shades of pink. numerous, pendent, medium flowers with flowers in summer. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm),
Z9–11 H12–9. spreading to reflexed, scarlet sepals and F. ‘Marinka’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears single, upward-
F. ‘Dollar Princess’. See F. ‘Dollar bright purple petals veined red at the H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Red flowers with looking flowers, in profusion, with white
Prinzessin’. bases. Z9–11 H12–9. darker petals that are folded at outer edges tubes and sepals blushed dark pink, and
F. ‘Dollar Prinzessin’, syn. F. ‘Dollar F. ‘Hula Girl’. Deciduous, trailing shrub. are produced amid dark green leaves with dark purple petals, veined pink, with white
Princess’, illus. p.302. Deciduous, upright H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears large, double crimson midribs. Foliage becomes bases. Is excellent for a border or pot.
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Small, flowers with deep rose-pink tubes and discolored in full sun or cold winds. Is Z9–11 H12–9.
double flowers have cerise-red tubes and sepals and pink-flushed, white petals. excellent in a hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9. F. ‘Pink Galore’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
sepals and purple petals. Z9–11 H11–9. Thrives in a large hanging basket or when F. ‘Micky Goult’. Vigorous, deciduous, trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has
F. ‘Estelle Marie’. Deciduous, upright trained against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). large, double, pale pink flowers. Thrives in
shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). Flowers F. ‘Jack Shahan’, (illus. p.302). Vigorous, Small flowers, with white tubes, pink- a large hanging basket or when trained
with white tubes, green-tipped, white deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), tinged, white sepals and pale purple petals, against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9.
sepals and mauve petals are borne above S indefinite. Has large, pale to deep pink are produced amid pale green foliage. F. procumbens (Trailing fuchsia).
foliage. Is excellent for summer bedding. flowers. Is excellent for a hanging basket Z9–11 H12–9. Deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),
Z9–11 H12–9. or for training into a weeping standard or F. ‘Mieke Meursing’. Deciduous, upright S indefinite. Produces tiny, erect, petalless,
F. ‘Flash’. Fast-growing, deciduous, upright against a trellis. Z9–11 H11–9. shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Single to yellow-tubed flowers with purple sepals
stiffly erect shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 20in F. ‘Joanna Lumley’ (illus. p.302). semi-double flowers have red tubes and and bright blue pollen. Has small, dark
(50cm). Produces small, red flowers Deciduous, semi-trailing shrub. H and sepals and pale pink petals with cerise green leaves and large, red fruits. Is
amid small leaves. Z9–11 H12–9. S 12–15in (30–38cm). Has large, double veins. Z9–11 H12–9. suitable for a rock garden as well as a
F. ‘Flirtation Waltz’. Vigorous, flowers with rather upright, blushed white F. Mojo Series. Deciduous, bushy, well- hanging basket. Encourage flowering by
deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (1m), sepals and lilac petals stained pink at the branched shrub. H 10–14in (25–35cm), root restriction or growing in poor, sandy
S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces large, double bases. Z9–11 H12–9. S 12–16in (30–40cm). Produces small, soil. Z9–11 H12–9.
flowers with petals in shades of pink, and F. ‘Joy Patmore’. Vigorous, deciduous, nodding or slightly outward-facing, F. ‘Red Spider’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
white tubes and sepals. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). bicolored flowers from mid-spring to fall trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite.
F. fulgens, (illus. p.302). Deciduous, Flowers have white tubes, green-tipped, in a range of color combinations. Z9–11 Has long, red flowers with long, narrow,
upright shrub with tubers. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft white sepals and cerise petals with white H12–9. ‘Beebop’ (illus. p.302) has slightly spreading sepals and darker petals. Is best
(1m). Long-tubed, orange flowers hang in bases. Makes a good standard. Z9–11 H12–9. upturned, pale pink sepals and magenta in a large hanging basket or when trained 581
short clusters amid large, pale green leaves F. ‘Koralle’. See F. ‘Coralle’. petals, paler at the bases. against a trellis. Z9–11 H11–9.
www.ebook777.com
FUCHSIA
G
F. ‘Riccartonii’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, sepals and red-veined, creamy-white
stiff, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). petals. Makes a good standard or hanging FURCRAEA
Has small flowers with red tubes, broad, basket plant. Z9–11 H11–9. AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
overhanging, red sepals and purple petals. F. ‘Texas Longhorn’. Deciduous, lax
Genus of perennial succulents, grown
In a sheltered area may be grown as a shrub. H and S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces very
for their dense clusters of sword-shaped,
hedge. Many plants sold under name of large, double flowers with red tubes, long,
fleshy, toothed leaves in terminal or basal GAGEA
F. ‘Riccartoni’ are lax hybrids of F. spreading, red sepals and cerise-veined,
rosettes; rosettes die after flowering. LILIACEAE
magellanica. Z9–11 H11–9. white petals. Grow as a standard or in a
Resembles Agave, but has short-tubed Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
F. ‘Rose Fantasia’. Deciduous, stiff, hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9.
flowers. Requires full sun and well- for their clusters of funnel- or star-shaped,
upright shrub. H 12–18in (30–40cm), F. ‘Thalia’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
drained soil. Protect from winter wet. white or yellow flowers. Is suitable for
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Produces single, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Foliage is
Propagate by bulbils, borne on lower rock gardens. Prefers full sun and well-
upward-looking flowers, in profusion, dark maroon and velvety. Long, slender
stems, when developed. drained soil that does not become too
with rose-pink tubes, dark rose-pink sepals flowers, with long, red tubes, small, red
F. bedinghausii. See F. parmentieri.
with green tips and red-purple petals, sepals and small, orange-red petals, are hot and dry. Dies down in summer.
F. foetida, syn. F. gigantea. Basal-rosetted,
veined rose-pink. Is excellent in a border bunched at ends of branches. Makes an Propagate by division in spring or fall
perennial succulent. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m).
or pot. Z9–11 H12–9. excellent specimen plant in summer or by seed in fall.
Has broadly sword-shaped, fleshy, mid-
F. ‘Rose of Castile’. Vigorous, deciduous, bedding schemes. Prefers a position in full G. graeca, syn. Lloydia graeca. Spring-
green leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, with edges
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m). sun. Z9–11 H11–9. flowering bulb. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 11/4–2in
toothed only at the base. Flower stems, to
Produces small flowers with white tubes, F. thymifolia. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and (3–5cm). Threadlike, semierect leaves form
25ft (8m), produce scented, bell-shaped,
green-tipped, white sepals and purple- S 3ft (1m). Has pale green foliage and a few at ground level and on wiry stems. Bears
green flowers, which are white within,
flushed, pink petals. Makes a good minute, greenish-white flowers that age to up to 5 widely funnel-shaped, purple-
in summer. Z10–15 H12–10. var.
standard. Z9–11 H12–9. purplish-pink. Bears black fruits on female veined, white flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–1.5cm)
mediopicta. See F. foetida ‘Mediopicta’.
F. ‘Rough Silk’. Vigorous, deciduous, plants if pollen-bearing plants of this long. Z7–9 H9–7.
‘Mediopicta’, (syn. F. foetida var.
trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. species or of F. x bacillaris are also grown. G. peduncularis. Spring-flowering bulb.
mediopicta, F. foetida ‘Variegata’) illus.
Bears large flowers with pink tubes, long, Z9–11 H12–9. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Has
p.481. ‘Variegata’. See F. foetida
spreading, pink sepals and wine-red petals. F. ‘Tom Thumb’ (illus. p.154). Deciduous, threadlike, semierect leaves at base and
‘Mediopicta’.
Thrives in a large hanging basket or when upright shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears on stem. Produces a loose head of flat,
F. gigantea. See F. foetida.
trained against a trellis. Z9–11 H12–9. small flowers with red tubes and sepals and star-shaped, yellow flowers, 5/8–11/4in
F. parmentieri, syn. F. bedinghausii.
F. ‘Royal Velvet’. Vigorous, deciduous, mauve-purple petals. May be trained as a (1.5–3cm) across, with green stripes
Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. H 24in
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). miniature standard. Z9–11 H11–9. outside. Z6–9 H9–6.
(60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has sword-shaped,
Has large, double flowers with red tubes F. ‘Tom West’. Deciduous, upright, lax minutely toothed, glaucous, mid-green
shrub. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has
and sepals and deep purple petals, leaves. In summer produces a pyramidal, GAILLARDIA
splashed deep pink. Makes an excellent green and cream variegated foliage and erect spike, to 6ft (2m) long, with drooping Blanket flower
standard. Z9–11 H12–9. small, single flowers with red tubes and branches and clusters of 2–4 creamy
sepals and purple petals. Z9–11 H12–9. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
F. ‘Rufus’ (illus. p.154). Vigorous, flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm), followed by
deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), F. triphylla. Deciduous, upright shrub, numerous bulbils. Often incorrectly Genus of summer-flowering annuals
S 21/2ft (75cm). Has a profusion of small, sometimes confused with F. ‘Thalia’. H and labelled F. longaeva. Z10–12 H12–9. and perennials that tend to be short-lived.
bright red flowers. Is easily trained as a S 20in (50cm). Spikes of narrow, long- Requires sun and prefers well-drained
standard. Z9–11 H11–9. tubed, bright reddish-orange flowers, with soil. May need staking. Propagate species
F F. Shadowdancer Series. Deciduous, small petals and sepals, are borne above by seed in fall or spring, selected forms by
bushy, well-branched shrubs. H and dark bronze-green leaves that are purple root cuttings in winter.
S 8–12in (20–30cm). Produce small single beneath. Is very difficult to grow. Z9–11 G. aristata. Upright, rather open
flowers and bloom continuously from H12–9. ‘Firecracker’ (illus. p.302) has perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).
spring to late summer or fall. Is ideal in a pink-veined, olive-green leaves edged in Has large, terminal, daisylike, single flower
small container or as edging. Z9–11 H12–9. cream and bears bright orange flowers. heads, yellow with red centers, in summer,
PEGGY (‘Goetzpeg’), (illus. p.302) has pale F. ‘Waveny Gem’. Deciduous, trailing and aromatic, divided leaves. Z3–8 H8–1.
pink sepals and rich pink petals tinted in shrub. H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). G. x grandiflora ‘Dazzler’ Upright,
vivid orange. Produces medium, single, white and rather open perennial. H 24in (60cm),
F. ‘Shelford’. Deciduous, upright, mauve-pink flowers from early summer. S 20in (50cm). Bears large, terminal,
short-jointed shrub. H 14–20in (35–50cm), Z9–11 H12–9. daisylike, yellow-tipped, red flower heads
S 18–24in (45–60cm). Bears masses of F. ‘White Ann’ of gardens. See F. ‘Heidi for a long period in summer. Leaves are
medium-sized, single flowers with slightly Weiss’. soft and divided. ‘Wirral Flame’ is a
fluted, baby-pink tubes, long, narrow, F. ‘White Heidi Ann’ of gardens. See clump-forming, short-lived perennial
baby-pink sepals and white petals with F. ‘Heidi Weiss’. with deep cardinal-red flower heads in
slight pink veining at the base. Is suitable F. ‘Whiteknights Pearl’. Deciduous, summer. Leaves are lance-shaped, lobed
for all forms of training. Z9–11 H12–9. upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. In and soft green.
F. splendens. Deciduous, upright shrub. summer–fall freely produces small, single G. ‘Oranges and Lemons’, illus. p.277.
H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Small flowers, with flowers with long, thin, white tubes, pale G. pulchella (Blanket flower, Indian
broad, orange tubes, pinched in their pink sepals with small green tips and clear blanket). Moderately fast-growing, upright
middles, and short, green sepals and petals, pink corollas with rounded petals. Z9–11 annual or short-lived perennial. H 18in
are produced in spring amid pale green H12–9. (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
foliage. Is extremely susceptible to whitefly. F. Windchimes Series. Deciduous, semi- hairy, grayish-green leaves and, in
Z9–11 H12–9. trailing, slightly mound-forming shrubs. summer, daisylike, double, crimson-zoned,
H and S 18in (45cm). Produces single yellow, pink, or red flower heads. Z10–11
F. ‘Strawberry Delight’. Deciduous,
flowers continuously from spring to late
lax shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Leaves are H12–1. ‘Lollipops’, illus. p.327.
summer or early fall. Is suitable for a
yellowish-green and slightly bronzed.
hanging basket or at the edge of a large
Produces large, double flowers with red
container, as well as in a border. Z9–11 GALANTHUS
tubes and sepals and pink-flushed, white
H12–9. WINDCHIMES PINK AND WHITE Snowdrop
petals. Is excellent as a standard or in a
(‘Kiefuwind’), illus. p.302, has narrow, AMARYLLIDACEAE
hanging basket. Z9–11 H12–9. salmon-pink sepals and white petals.
F. ‘Sunray’ (illus. p.302). Deciduous, F. ‘Winston Churchill’. Deciduous, Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
upright shrub. H and S to 28in (70cm). bushy, upright, extremely free-flowering white flowers, one on each slender
White-edged, light green leaves are shrub. H and S 18–30in (45–75cm). stem between 2 basal leaves. Is easily
sometimes pink flushed. Red-violet flowers, Produces medium, fully double flowers recognized by its 3 large, outer petals
with deep pink sepals, are borne freely in with green-tipped, pink tubes, broad, and 3 small, inner ones forming a cup,
summer–fall. Z9–11 H12–9. reflexed sepals and lavender-blue corollas, which is green-marked. Needs a cool,
F. ‘Swingtime’ (illus. p.302). Vigorous, maturing purple. Is good for summer partially shaded position and rich,
582 deciduous, lax shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Has bedding, or when trained as a standard in moist soil. Do not allow bulbs to dry out
large, double flowers with red tubes and a container. Z9–11 H12–9. excessively. Propagate by division in
GAZANIA
spring after flowering or during late Prefers partial shade, but tolerates sun, G. bicolor var. bicolor, syn. axils in late spring or summer. Produces
summer or fall when bulbs are dormant. and thrives in well-drained soil. Propagate G. caespitosa Fan-shaped, perennial rounded, blue-black fruits, but only rarely.
T All parts may cause mild stomach by division in early spring or fall. succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Z7–8 H8–7.
upset if ingested; contact with the bulbs G. odoratum, syn. Asperula odorata, Produces triangular, thick, dark green G. procumbens, illus. p.373.
may irritate skin. illus. p.263. leaves, 6in (15cm) long, with horny G. prostrata. See G. myrsinoides.
G. ‘Atkinsii’, illus. p.427. borders. Upper leaf surfaces have G. pumila, syn. Pernettya pumila.
G. elwesii, illus. p.427. numerous white or pale green dots, usually Evergreen, mat-forming, creeping shrub.
G. gracilis, syn. G. graecus, illus. p.427.
GALTONIA in diagonal rows. Bears spikes of bell- H 2in (5cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Prostrate
G. graecus. See G. gracilis. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE shaped, orange-green flowers in spring. branches bear tiny, bell-shaped, white
G. ‘Hill Poë’, illus. p.427. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering var. liliputana, syn. G. liliputana, illus. flowers in early summer among tiny,
G. ikariae, illus. p.427. bulbs, grown for their spikes of pendent, p.480. rounded, leathery leaves. Rounded fruits
G. nivalis. Late winter- and early spring- funnel-shaped, white or green flowers. G. caespitosa. See G. bicolor var. bicolor. are pink or white. Is good for a rock
flowering bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in Needs a sheltered, sunny site and fertile, G. carinata var. verrucosa, syn. garden or peat bed. Z7–8 H8–7.
(5–8cm). Produces narrowly strap-shaped, well-drained soil that does not dry out in G. verrucosa, illus. p.480. G. shallon, illus. p.154.
semierect, gray-green, basal leaves. summer. Dies down in winter. May be G. liliputana. See G. bicolor var. liliputana. G. tasmanica, syn. Pernettya tasmanica.
Flowers, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) long, have a lifted for replanting in spring. Propagate G. verrucosa. See G. carinata var. Evergreen, mat-forming shrub. H 2–3in
green mark at the tip of each inner petal. by seed in spring or by offsets in fall verrucosa. (5–8cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oval, toothed,
Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Flore Pleno’, illus. p.427. or spring. leathery leaves with wavy edges. Bell-
x Gaulnettya ‘Pink Pixie’. See
‘Lutescens’. See G. nivalis ‘Sandersii’. G. candicans, illus. p.383. shaped, white flowers in early summer
Gaultheria ‘Pink Pixie’.
‘Pusey Green Tip’, illus. p.427. G. viridiflora, illus. p.393. are followed by rounded, red fruits. Is
x Gaulnettya ‘Wisley Pearl’. See
‘Sandersii’, syn. G. nivalis ‘Lutescens’, good for a rock garden or peat bed.
Gaultheria ‘Wisley Pearl’.
illus. p.428. ‘Scharlockii’, illus. p.428. Z8–9 H9–8.
‘Viridapicicis’ has a very long spathe,
GARDENIA G. trichophylla. Evergreen, compact
sometimes split in 2, and green marks RUBIACEAE GAULTHERIA shrub with creeping, underground
on the outer tepals. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, ERICACEAE stems. H 3–6in (7–15cm), S 8in (20cm).
G. plicatus subsp. byzantinus, illus. grown for their flowers and foliage. Bell-shaped, pink flowers in early summer
Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs,
p.427. subsp. plicatus is a late winter- Prefers partial shade and rich, well- are followed by egg-shaped, blue fruits
grown for their foliage, flowers and fruits.
and early spring-flowering bulb. H 4–8in drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water produced from leaf axils. Leaves are
Prefers shade or semi-shade and requires
(10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears broadly container specimens freely when in small and oval. Z6–8 H8–6.
moist, peaty, acidic soil. Tolerates sun
strap-shaped, semierect, deep green, full growth, moderately at other times. G. x wisleyensis. Evergreen, dense,
provided the soil is permanently moist.
basal leaves that have gray bands along After flowering, shorten strong shoots bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Bears
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
the centers and reflexed margins. White to maintain a shapely habit. Propagate broadly oval, deeply veined, dark
or by seed in fall; increase G. shallon and
flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, have a by greenwood cuttings in spring or by green leaves. Small, urn-shaped, pale
G. trichophylla by division in fall or spring.
green patch at the tip of each inner petal. semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly pink flowers, produced in late spring
T All parts may cause mild stomach upset
G. rizehensis, illus. p.428. and mealy bug may cause problems. and early summer, are followed by
if ingested, except the fruits, which are
G. woronowii, illus. p.428. G. augusta. See G. jasminoides. spherical, purplish-red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7.
edible.
G. capensis. See Rothmannia capensis. ‘Pink Pixie’, syn. x Gaulnettya ‘Pink Pixie’
G. cuneata, illus. p.346.
‘Wisley Pearl’, syn. x Gaulnettya ‘Wisley
GALAX G. florida. See G. jasminoides. G. forrestii. Evergreen, rounded shrub.
Pearl’, illus. p.145.
G. grandiflora. See G. jasminoides. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oblong, glossy,
Wandflower
G. jasminoides, syn. G. augusta, dark green leaves and racemes of small, G
DIAPENSIACEAE G. florida, G. grandiflora. Z8–11 H12–7. fragrant, rounded, white flowers, in GAURA
Genus of one species of evergreen ‘Veitchii’, illus. p.454. spring, followed by rounded, blue
perennial, grown for its foliage and G. rothmannia. See Rothmannia capensis. ONAGRACEAE
flowers, borne in late spring and G. thunbergia. Evergreen, bushy shrub G. miqueliana. Evergreen, compact Genus of summer-flowering annuals
summer. Is useful for underplanting with white stems. H and S to 6ft (2m) shrub. H and S 10in (25cm). Has oval, and perennials that are sometimes
shrubs. Requires shade and moist, or more. Has elliptic, glossy, deep green leathery leaves clothing stiff stems. In short-lived. Prefers full sun and light,
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by division leaves. Fragrant, 7–9-petaled, white late spring produces bell-shaped, pink- well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
of rooted runners in spring. flowers, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) wide, are borne tinged, white flowers, up to 6 per stem, or semiripe cuttings in summer or by
G. aphylla. See G. urceolata. in winter–spring. Z8–11 H12–8. followed by rounded, white or pink fruits. seed in fall or spring.
G. urceolata, syn. G. aphylla, illus. p.336. Z6–8 H8–6. G. lindheimeri, illus. p.231. Bushy
GARRYA G. mucronata, syn. Pernettya mucronata.
In summer produces racemes of star-
GALEGA GARRYACEAE
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub, spreading
shaped, pink-suffused, white flowers.
Goat’s rue by underground stems. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Oval, prickly, glossy, dark green leaves set Leaves are lance-shaped and mid-green.
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE grown for their catkins in winter and ‘Rosyjane’, illus. p.301.
off tiny, urn-shaped, white flowers in late
Genus of summer-flowering perennials. spring, which are longer and more spring and early summer. Spherical, fleshy
Grow in an open, sunny position and attractive on male plants. Hard frosts fruit are produced and these vary in color GAYLUSSACIA
well-drained soil. Requires staking. may damage catkins. Requires a sheltered, between cultivars. Sprays of fruit are good Huckleberry
Propagate by seed in fall or by division sunny site and tolerates any poor soil. Is for indoor display. Z8–9 H9–8. Fruits of
in winter. suitable for a south- or west-facing wall. ERICACEAE
‘Cherry Ripe’ (female) are large and
G. x hartlandii ‘Lady Wilson’, illus. Dislikes being transplanted. Propagate bright cherry-red. ‘Edward Balls’ (male) Genus of deciduous, occasionally
p.218. by semiripe cuttings in summer. produces sturdy, upright, red shoots and evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers,
G. ‘Her Majesty’. See G. ‘His Majesty’. G. elliptica. Bushy, dense shrub. H and sharply spined, bright green leaves. fruits and fall color. Needs sun or partial
G. ‘His Majesty’, syn. G. ‘Her Majesty’. S 12ft (4m). Has leathery, wavy-edged, ‘Mulberry Wine’ (female), illus. p.164. shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Vigorous, upright perennial. H to 5ft dark green leaves. Gray-green catkins ‘Wintertime’ (female), illus. p.163. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
(1.5m), S 3ft (1m). In summer produces are borne from mid-winter to early spring. G. myrsinoides, syn. G. prostrata, or by seed in fall.
spikes of small, pealike, clear lilac-mauve Z8–11 H11–8. ‘James Roof’, illus. p.211. Pernettya prostrata. Evergreen, spreading G. baccata. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
and white flowers. Bold, oblong to lance- has very long, gray-green catkins with shrub. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm) H and S 3ft (1m). Oval, sticky, dark green
shaped leaves are divided into oval leaflets. yellow anthers. or more. Bears oval, leathery, dark green leaves redden in fall. Produces clusters of
Z5–11 H12–5. leaves. Urn-shaped, white flowers are small, urn-shaped, dull red flowers in late
G. orientalis, illus. p.239. spring, then edible, spherical, black fruits.
GASTERIA produced in early summer and are
Z3–7 H7–1.
followed by large, rounded, blue-purple
LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE
GALIUM fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden or
Bedstraw
Genus of perennial succulents, grown for peat bed. Z7–8 H8–7. GAZANIA
their thick, fleshy leaves, usually arranged G. nummularioides. Evergreen, compact
RUBIACEAE in a fan, later becoming a tight rosette. shrub. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 8in (20cm). COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Genus of spring- and summer-flowering Needs sun or partial shade and very Leaves are oval to heart-shaped and Genus of evergreen perennials, often
perennials, many of which are weeds; well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, leaf leathery. Egg-shaped, pink-flushed, white grown as annuals and useful for summer 583
G. odoratum is cultivated as groundcover. cuttings or division in spring or summer. flowers are produced from the upper leaf bedding, pots and tubs. Requires sun and
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GELSEMIUM
sandy soil. Propagate by seed in spring or are silky-haired beneath. Bright yellow G. ‘Eugen’s Allerbester’, illus. p.370. 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
by heel cuttings in spring or summer. flowers on short stalks are borne in leaf Vigorous, evergreen, procumbent linear to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
G. Daybreak Series. Carpeting axils in summer. Is useful on a bank or perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to 8in (20cm) or In late summer and fall produces upright,
perennials, grown as annuals. H and as groundcover. Propagate by semiripe more. Has basal rosettes of linear, mid- trumpet-like, white flowers, suffused pale
S 8in (20cm). Have lance-shaped leaves cuttings in summer. Z9–11 H12–9. green leaves. In late summer and fall green on the outer surfaces. Requires
and, in summer, large, daisylike flower G. sagittalis, syn. Chamaespartium produces upright, trumpet-shaped, double, acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
heads in a mixture of orange, yellow, pink, sagittale, illus. p.373. subsp. delphinensis. deep blue flowers, banded white on the G. ‘Strathmore’, illus. p.370. Evergreen,
bronze and white. Flowers remain open See G. delphinensis. outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to
in dull weather. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘Daybreak G. x spachiana, syn. G. fragrans, Cytisus H7–5. 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
Bright Yellow’, illus. p.323. canariensis, Cytisus racemosus. Vigorous, G. excisa. See G. acaulis. linear to lance-shaped, pale green leaves.
G. Kiss Series ‘Kiss Orange Flame’, evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft G. gracilipes. Semievergreen, tufted In late summer and fall produces upright,
illus. p.324. (3m). Has dark green leaves with 3 oval perennial with arching stems. H 6in (15cm), trumpet-shaped, blue-mauve flowers,
G. pinnata. Mat-forming perennial. leaflets. Produces long, slender clusters of S 8in (20cm). Forms a central rosette of with vertical, greenish-white stripes on
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Daisylike, fragrant, golden-yellow flowers in winter long, strap-shaped, dark green leaves from the outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil.
orange-red flower heads, with central, and early spring. Is often grown as a which lax flower stems bearing tubular, Z5–7 H7–5.
black rings, are borne singly in early houseplant. Z9–11 H12–9. dark purplish-blue flowers, greenish G. ‘Susan Jane’. Vigorous,
summer above oval, finely cut, hairy, G. tenera ‘Golden Shower’, illus. p.116. within, are produced in summer. Tolerates semievergreen, spreading perennial with
bluish-gray leaves. Z8–10 H10–8. G. tinctoria, illus. p.148. ‘Royal Gold’ some shade. Z6–8 H8–6. small, overwintering rosettes. H 2in (5cm),
G. rigens var. uniflora, syn. G. uniflora. is a deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft G. ‘Inverleith’, illus. p.370. Vigorous, S 12in (30cm). Prostrate stems bear
Mat-forming perennial, grown as an (1m). Produces long, conical panicles of evergreen, procumbent perennial. grasslike leaves. Large, trumpet-shaped,
annual in all except mildest areas. H 9in golden-yellow flowers, in spring–summer, H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more. white-throated, deep blue flowers, greenish
(23cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Yellow or and narrowly lance-shaped, dark green Has basal rosettes of linear to lance- within, are produced in fall. Requires acidic
orange-yellow flower heads, sometimes leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. shaped, mid-green leaves. In late summer soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
with central white spots, are borne singly produces upright, trumpet-shaped, bright G. verna, illus. p.356.
in early summer above rosettes of narrow, blue flowers, banded green on the outer G. ‘Wellsii’. See G. x macaulayi
silver-backed leaves. Z8–10 H10–6.
GENTIANA ‘Wells’s Variety’.
surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5.
Gentian
G. Talent Series. Vigorous perennials. G. kochiana. See G. acaulis.
H and S to 10in (25cm). Have highly GENTIANACEAE G. lutea, illus. p.243.
GERANIUM
ornamental, mid-green leaves, to 6in Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials, G. x macaulayi ‘Wells’s Variety’,
Cranesbill
(15cm) long, gray-felted on both surfaces. some of which are semievergreen or syn. G. ‘Wellsii’, illus. p.370. Evergreen,
In summer produce solitary, yellow, evergreen, grown for their usually blue prostrate perennial. H in flower 2in (5cm), GERANIACEAE
orange, pink or brown flower heads flowers. Is excellent for rock gardens and S 8in (20cm). Has trumpet-shaped, mid- Genus of perennials, some of which are
on short stems just above the leaves. peat beds. Prefers sun or partial shade blue flowers in late summer and fall. semievergreen, grown for their flowers and
Z8–10 H10–8. and rich, moist but well-drained, neutral Spreading stems are clothed in narrow, often as groundcover. Compact species are
G. uniflora. See G. rigens var. uniflora. to acidic soil. Some species grow naturally mid-green leaves. Requires moist, acidic suitable for rock gardens. Most species
on limestone soils. Propagate by division or soil. Z5–7 H7–5. prefer sun, but some do better in shade.
GELSEMIUM offshoots in spring or by seed in fall. Divide G. ornata. Semievergreen, clump- Tolerates all but waterlogged soils.
fall-flowering species and G. clusii every forming perennial with small, Propagate species by semiripe cuttings in
ASTERACEAE/GELSEMIACEAE 3 years in early spring and replant in fresh overwintering rosettes. H 2in (5cm), summer or by seed or division in fall or
G Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, soil. See also feature panel p.370. S 4in (10cm). Forms a central rosette spring, cultivars by division or cuttings only.
grown for their fragrant, jasmine-like G. acaulis, syn. G. excisa, G. kochiana, of grasslike leaves. In fall, each stem tip G. anemonifolium. See G. palmatum.
flowers. In cool climates, is best grown illus. p.370. Evergreen, clump-forming carries an upright, bell-shaped, mid-blue G. ‘Ann Folkard’. Spreading perennial.
under glass. Needs full sun and fertile, perennial. H in leaf 3/4in (2cm ), S to 4in flower, with a white throat and deep H 20in (50cm), S 36in (1m). Has rounded,
well-drained soil. Water regularly, less (10cm) or more. Has narrowly oval, glossy blue stripes shading to creamy-white deeply cut, yellowish-green leaves and,
in cold weather. Support stems and thin leaves and trumpet-shaped, deep blue outside. Requires acidic soil and a moist in summer–fall, masses of shallowly cup-
them out after flowering or during spring. flowers, with green-spotted throats, on atmosphere. Z5–7 H7–5. shaped, rich magenta flowers with black
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe short stems in spring and often in fall. G. saxosa, illus. p.370. Evergreen, veins. Z5–9 H9–3.
cuttings in summer. Tolerates alkaline soil. Z5–8 H8–5. hummock-forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), G. armenum. See G. psilostemon.
G. sempervirens, (Carolina jasmine, G. angustifolia. Evergreen, clump- S 6in (15cm). Is clothed in small, spoon- G. cinereum (Grayleaf cranesbill).
Carolina sweet jessamine), illus. p.195. forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), shaped, fleshy, dark green leaves. Produces Semievergreen, rosetted perennial with
S 8in (20cm). Has rosettes of oblong, dull small, upturned, bell-shaped, white flowers spreading flowering stems. H 6in (15cm),
S 12in (30cm). Has cup-shaped flowers,
GENISTA green leaves and, in summer, solitary, in early summer. Is a short-lived scree
tubular, sky-blue flowers on 3in (7cm) plant. Tolerates alkaline soil. Z4–8 H8–1. either white to pale pink, strongly veined
Broom
stems. Tolerates alkaline soils. Z6–8 H8–6. G. scabra. Deciduous, upright perennial. with purple, or pure white, on lax stems in
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE G. asclepiadea, illus. p.250. H 12in (30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has late spring and summer. Basal leaves are
Genus of deciduous, sometimes almost G. ‘Blue Silk’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, long, ovate to lance-shaped, deep green rounded, deeply divided, soft and gray-
leafless, shrubs and trees, grown for their procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to leaves borne in opposite pairs on green. Is good for a large rock garden.
mass of small, pealike flowers. Does best 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes herbaceous stems. Narrowly bell-shaped, Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Ballerina’, illus. p.366.
in full sun and not over-rich, well-drained of lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In deep blue flowers are borne in terminal var. subcaulescens. See G.
soil. Resents being transplanted. Propagate late summer and fall produces upright, clusters and also in pairs in upper leaf axils subcaulescens.
species by softwood or semiripe cuttings trumpet-shaped, deep blue flowers, in mid-fall. Requires acidic soil. Z4–8 H8–4. G. clarkei ‘Kashmir Purple’, syn.
in summer or by seed in fall, selected forms banded white and dark blue on the outer G. septemfida, illus. p.346. G. pratense ‘Kashmir Purple’ Carpeting,
by softwood cuttings only in summer. surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z4–7 H7–4. G. ‘Shot Silk’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, rhizomatous perennial. H and S 18–24in
G. aetnensis, illus. p.89. G. clusii. Evergreen, clump-forming procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), (45–60cm). Bears loose clusters of cup-
G. cinerea, illus. p.116. perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 6–9in (15–23cm). S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal shaped, deep purple flowers in summer.
G. delphinensis, syn. G. sagittalis subsp. Has rosettes of oval, glossy, dark green rosettes of linear to lance-shaped, deep Rounded leaves are deeply divided and
delphinensis, Chamaespartium sagittale leaves. Trumpet-shaped, azure-blue green leaves. In late summer and fall finely veined. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Kashmir
subsp. delphinense. Deciduous, prostrate flowers, with green-spotted, paler throats, produces upright, trumpet-shaped, White’, syn. G. pratense ‘Kashmir White’
shrub. H 1/2in (1cm), S 8in (20cm). Has are borne on 1–4in (2.5–10cm) stems in silky, deep purple-blue flowers, banded illus. p.263.
tangled, winged branches, covered with early summer. Tolerates alkaline soil. green and purple on the outer surfaces. G. dalmaticum, illus. p.363.
minute, oval, dark green leaves. Masses of Z7–9 H9–7. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. G. endressii. Semievergreen, compact,
golden-yellow flowers are produced along G. ‘Ettrick’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, G. sino-ornata, illus. p.370. Evergreen, carpeting perennial. H 18in (45cm),
stems in early summer. Is suitable for a procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to prostrate, spreading perennial. H in flower S 24in (60cm). Has small, lobed leaves
rock garden or wall. Z5–8 H8–5. 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of 2in (5cm), S to 12in (30cm). In fall bears and cup-shaped, rose-pink flowers borne
G. fragrans. See G. x spachiana. linear to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. trumpet-shaped, rich blue flowers singly throughout summer. Z5–8 H9–1.
G. hispanica, illus. p.160. In late summer and fall produces upright, at the ends of stems. Leaves are narrow. ‘Wargrave Pink’. See G. x oxonianum
G. lydia, illus. p.345. trumpet-shaped, clear white flowers, Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Wargrave Pink’.
584 G. pilosa. Deciduous, domed shrub. flecked with blue spots on the inner G. ‘Soutra’, illus. p.370. Evergreen, G. farreri. Rosetted perennial with a
H and S 12in (30cm). Narrowly oval leaves surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5–7 H7–5. procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to taproot. H 4in (10cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm)
GLADIOLUS
or more. Outward-facing, flattish, very double, deep violet flowers. Z5–7 H8–1. or more. Each branch bears 1 or 2 pairs
pale mauve-pink flowers set off blue- Kashmir Purple’. See G. clarkei GEUM of thick, triangular, pale gray-green
black anthers in early summer. Has ‘Kashmir Purple’. ‘Kashmir White’. Avens leaves, 1/2in (1cm) long. Bears daisylike,
kidney-shaped, matt green leaves. Both See G. clarkei ‘Kashmir White’. ROSACEAE pink-red flowers, 5/8in (1.5cm) across,
flower and leaf stems are red. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Mrs. Kendall Clark’, illus. p.239. in spring. Z12–15 H12–10.
Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
G. grandiflorum. See G. himalayense. G. procurrens. Carpeting perennial. G. velutinum, illus. p.481.
Prefers sun and moist but well-drained
G. himalayense, syn. G. grandiflorum, H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has rounded,
soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall.
G. meeboldii (Lilac geranium). Clump- lobed, glossy leaves and, in summer,
G. ‘Bell Bank’, illus. p.268. GILIA
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 24in clusters of saucer-shaped, deep rose-
G. x borisii. See G. coccineum. POLEMONIACEAE
(60cm). Has large, cup-shaped, violet-blue purple flowers. Z7–9 H9–1.
G. chiloense, syn. G. coccineum. Clump-
flowers borne on long stalks in summer G. psilostemon, syn. G. armenum, Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
forming perennial. H 16–24in (40–60cm),
over dense tufts of neatly cut leaves. illus. p.233. annuals. Prefers sun and fertile, very
S 24in (60cm). Saucer-shaped, scarlet
Z4–7 H7–1. G. pylzowianum. Spreading perennial well-drained soil. Stems may need
flowers are produced from early to
G. ibericum. Clump-forming perennial. with underground runners and tiny support, especially on windy sites.
late summer. Pinnate leaves are
H and S 24in (60cm). In summer produces tubers. H 5–10in (12–25cm), S 10in (25cm) Propagate by seed sown outdoors in
deeply lobed and toothed. Z5–9 H9–5.
sprays of 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, violet- or more. Bears semicircular, deeply cut, spring, or in early fall for early flowering
G. coccineum, syn. G. x borisii, illus. p.439.
blue flowers. Has heart-shaped, lobed or dark green leaves and, in late spring and the following year.
G. coccineum of gardens. See G.
cut, hairy leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. summer, trumpet-shaped, green-centered, G. achilleifolia. Fast-growing, upright,
chiloense.
G. incanum. Semievergreen, spreading, deep rose-pink flowers. May be invasive. bushy annual. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
G. ‘Fire Opal’. Clump-forming perennial.
mounded perennial. H 12–15in (30–38cm), Z5–8 H8–5. Finely divided, mid-green leaves are hairy
H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Rounded,
S 24–36in (60cm–90cm). Shallowly cup- G. renardii, illus. p.264.
double, bronze-scarlet flowers are borne
and sticky. Heads of funnel-shaped, blue
shaped flowers are variable, but usually G. x riversleaianum ‘Russell Prichard’. flowers, 1in (2.5cm) wide, are produced
in small clusters in summer above oblong
deep pink, and borne singly in summer Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. to lance-shaped, lobed, fresh green leaves. in summer. H12–1.
above aromatic, deeply divided, gray- H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Saucer-shaped, Z5–9 H9–5. G. capitata, illus. p.314.
green leaves with linear segments. clear pink flowers are borne singly or G. ‘Goldball’. See G. ‘Lady Stratheden’.
Z5–8 H8–5. in small clusters from early summer to fall.
Rounded leaves are lobed and gray-green.
G. ‘Lady Stratheden’, syn. G. ‘Goldball’, GILLENIA
G. ‘Johnson’s Blue’, illus. p.270. illus. p.276.
G. macrorrhizum, illus. p.269. Z6–8 H8–6. ROSACEAE
G. ‘Lionel Cox’. Clump-forming
‘Ingwersen’s Variety’, illus. p.256. G. ROZANNE (‘Gerwat’), illus. p.271. perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). In early Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
G. maculatum (Spotted geranium). G. sanguineum, illus. p.340. summer produces small clusters of Grow in sun or shade and any well-
Clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), var. striatum, illus. p.362. 5-petaled, cup-shaped, shrimp-red flowers drained soil. Needs staking. Propagate
S 18in (45cm). In spring bears heads G. stapfianum var. roseum. See above oblong to lance-shaped, lobed, by seed in fall or spring.
of flattish, pinkish-lilac flowers above G. orientalitibeticum. fresh green leaves. Z3–7 H7–1. G. trifoliata, (Bowman’s root, Indian
rounded, lobed or scalloped, mid-green G. subcaulescens, syn. G. cinereum var. G. montanum. Dense, clump-forming, physic) illus. p.231.
leaves that turn fawn and red in fall. subcaulescens, illus. p.366. rhizomatous perennial that spreads
Z4–8 H8–1. G. sylvaticum ‘Mayflower’, illus. p.239.
G. maderense. Vigorous, semievergreen, G. traversii var. elegans.
slowly. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm). GINKGO
Shallowly cup-shaped, golden-yellow Maidenhair tree
bushy perennial with a woody base. Semievergreen, rosetted perennial with flowers in early summer are followed
H and S 3ft (1m). Produces large sprays spreading stems. H 4in (10cm), S 10in GINKGOACEAE
by fluffy, buff-colored seed heads. Leaves
of shallowly cup-shaped, deep magenta (25cm). Large, upward-facing, saucer- are pinnate, each with a large, rounded, See also CONIFERS. G
flowers in summer above palmate, finely shaped, pale pink flowers, with darker terminal lobe. Is suitable for a rock garden. G. biloba, illus. p.97.
cut, dark green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8. veins, rise above rounded, lobed, gray- Z4–8 H8–1.
G. x magnificum, illus. p.269. green leaves in summer. Is suitable for
G. meeboldii. See G. himalayense. a sheltered ledge or rock garden. Protect
G. ‘Mrs. J.Bradshaw’. Clump-forming GLADIOLUS
G. nodosum. Clump-forming perennial. from winter wet. Requires gritty soil. Rounded, double, crimson flowers are
IRIDACEAE
H and S 18in (45cm). Has lobed, glossy Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Buxton’s Blue’. See borne in small sprays in summer. Fresh Genus of corms, each producing a spike
leaves and delicate, cup-shaped, lilac or G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Variety’. green leaves are oblong to lance-shaped of funnel-shaped flowers and a fan of
lilac-pink flowers borne in spring–summer. G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Variety’, and lobed. Z5–9 H9–5. erect, sword-shaped leaves on basal part
Tolerates deep shade. Z4–8 H8–1. syn. G. wallichianum ‘Buxton’s Blue’. of flower stem. Is suitable for cutting or
G. orientalitibeticum, syn. G. stapfianum Spreading perennial. H 12–18in (30–45cm), for planting in mixed borders; most
var. roseum, illus. p.339. S 36in (90cm). Has luxuriant, white-flecked
GEVUINA hybrids are also good for exhibition.
G. ‘Orion’, illus. p.280. leaves and large, white-centered, blue or PROTEACEAE Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
G. oxonianum ‘Claridge Druce’. blue-purple flowers from mid-summer to Genus of evergreen trees, grown for Plant 4–6in (10–15cm) deep and the same
Vigorous, semievergreen, carpeting fall. Prefers partial shade. Z4–8 H8–1. their foliage and flowers in summer. distance apart in spring. Water well in
perennial. H and S 24–30in (60–75cm). G. wlassovianum. Clump-forming Requires partial shade and fertile, moist summer and support tall cultivars with
Bears clusters of cup-shaped, darker- perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Has velvety but well-drained soil. Propagate by canes. Lift half-hardy types in fall, cut off
veined, mauve-pink flowers throughout stems and rounded, lobed, dark green semiripe cuttings in late summer or stems and dry corms in a frost-free but
summer. Has dainty, rounded, lobed leaves. leaves. Saucer-shaped, deep purple flowers by seed in fall. cool place. Pot up spring-flowering
‘Wargrave Pink’, syn. G. endressii are borne singly or in small clusters in G. avellana (Chile nut, Chilean hazel). species and cultivars in fall and place in
‘Wargrave Pink’, illus. p.265. summer. Z4–8 H8–1. Evergreen, conical tree. H and S 30ft a cool greenhouse; after flowering, dry
‘Winscombe’, S 18in (45cm), has deep (10m). Has large, glossy, dark green off corms during summer months and
pink flowers that fade to pale pink.
GERBERA leaves divided into numerous oval, repot in fall.
G. palmatum, syn. G. anemonifolium, toothed leaflets. Slender spires of Propagate by seed or by removal of
illus. p.238. Vigorous, semievergreen, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE spidery, white flowers in late summer young cormlets from parent. Seed sown
bushy perennial with a woody base. Genus of perennials, flowering from are followed by cherry-like, red then in early spring in a cool greenhouse will
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Has palmate, summer to winter depending on growing black fruits. Z9–10 H10–9. take 2–3 years to flower and may not
deeply lobed, dark green leaves and, in conditions. Needs full sun and light, breed true to type. Cormlets, removed
late summer, large sprays of shallowly sandy soil. Propagate by heel cuttings after lifting, should be stored in frost-free
cup-shaped, purplish-red flowers. Z7–9 from sideshoots in summer or by seed
GIBBAEUM conditions and then be planted out 2in
H9–7 in fall or early spring. AIZOACEAE (5cm) deep in spring; lift in winter as
G. phaeum, illus. p.223. G. ‘Amgerbpink’. See G. EVERLAST PINK. Genus of clump-forming, perennial for mature corms. They will flower in
G. pratense (Meadow cranesbill). Clump- G. EVERLAST PINK (‘Amgerbpink’). succulents, grown for their pairs of small, 1–2 years.
forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 24in Clump-forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), swollen leaves, often of unequal size. While in storage, corms may be attacked
(60cm). Bears 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, S 12in (30cm). Has oval, irregularly lobed Needs full sun and very well-drained by various rots. Protect sound, healthy
violet-blue flowers on branching stems in leaves. Large, daisylike, soft pink flower soil. Water very lightly in early winter. corms by dusting with a fungicide or
summer. Rounded, lobed to deeply divided, heads are borne on tall, slender stems Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in soaking in a fungicide solution before
mid-green leaves become bronze in fall. in mid- and late summer. Z11 H12–5. spring or summer. drying; store in an airy, cool, frost-free
Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Plenum Violaceum’ is G. jamesonii, (Barberton daisy, G. petrense. Carpeting, perennial place. Gladiolus scab causes blotches 585
more compact than the species with Transvaal daisy) illus. p.306. succulent. H 11/2in (3cm), S 12in (30cm) on leaves; gladiolus yellows shows as
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GLADIOLUS
yellowing stripes on leaves, which then up to 27 ruffled, pink-margined, white G. ‘Côte d’Azur’. Grandiflorus Group, gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
die; in both cases, destroy affected corms. flowers in mid-summer. Is good for giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), spikes of up to 25 lime-green flowers, with
As a preventative measure, always plant exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up to 23 wine-red throats, in late summer. Is very
healthy corms in a new site each year. G. ‘Black Jack’. Grandiflorus Group, ruffled, mid-blue flowers, with pale blue good for exhibition. Z8–10 H10–8.
See also feature panel p.384. medium-flowered gladiolus. H 36in throats, in early summer. Is good for G. ‘Halley’. Nanus Group gladiolus.
Gladiolus hybrids (90cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears spikes of exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. H 3ft (1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). In early
Most hybrids are derived from black-edged, dark maroon flowers in G. dalenii, syn. G. natalensis, summer produces spikes of up to 7 white-
G. x hortulanus. All have stiff leaves, summer. Z8–10 H9–1. G. primulinus, G. psittacinus. Vigorous, flushed, pale yellow flowers, with bright
8–20in (20–50cm) long, ranging from G. ‘Black Lash’. Grandiflorus Group, summer-flowering corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), red marks in throats. Z8–10 H9–1.
pale willow-green or steely blue-green small-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft (1.35m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Produces up to 14 red, G. ‘Her Majesty’, illus. p.384.
to almost bottle-green. All are good S 6–8in (15–20cm). Bears spikes of up to yellow-orange, yellow or greenish-yellow Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
for flower arranging. They are divided 25 lightly ruffled, deep black-rose flowers, flowers, 3–5in (8–12cm) long, each with a gladiolus. H 46in (115cm), S 6in (5cm).
into Grandiflorus, Primulinus, and with pointed, slightly reflexed petals, hooded, upper petal and often flecked or Produces spikes of sky-blue flowers,
Nanus Groups. from late summer to early fall. Z8–10 H9–1. streaked red. Z8–10 H9–1. with much paler throats, in mid-summer.
G. blandus. See G. carneus. G. ‘Dancing Queen’. Grandiflorus Z8–10 H10–8.
Grandiflorus Group Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft
G. ‘Blue Frost’, illus. p.384. G. ‘Ice Cap’. Grandiflorus Group,
Produces long, densely packed spikes (1.5m), S 5–6in (12–15cm). In mid- to late
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m),
of funnel-shaped flowers, with ruffled, summer produces spikes of up to 20 white
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). In S 10–12in (25–30cm). Produces spikes of
thick-textured petals or plain-edged, flowers, with feathered, dark red markings
mid-summer produces spikes of white up to 27 heavily ruffled, ice-white flowers
thin-textured ones. Giant-flowered hybrids at the base of the lower petals. Z8–10 H9–1.
flowers with ruffled, lilac edges and from late summer to early fall. Z8–10 H9–1.
have a bottom flower of over 51⁄2in (14cm) G. ‘Deliverance’. Grandiflorus Group,
darker purple eyes. Z8–10 H10–8. G. ‘Impressive’, illus. p.384. Nanus
across (flower head is 26–32in (65–80cm) large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (.1.7m),
G. Butterfly Group. Small-flowered Group gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in
long); large-flowered 41⁄2–51⁄2in (11–14cm) S 5–6in (12–15cm). In mid- to late summer
gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3in (8cm). (8cm). Spikes of pale pink flowers, with
across (flower head 24–36in (60cm–1m) produces spikes of 20 or more ruffled,
From mid- to late summer produces hot pink markings, are borne in early
long); medium-flowered 31⁄2–41⁄2in (9–11cm) coral-pink flowers, deeper peach-pink
spikes of wavy, ruffled, bicolored flowers summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
across (flower head 24–32in (60–80cm) at the margins, with yellow-tinted, white
with petals that resemble the wings of a G. ‘Inca Queen’. Grandiflorus Group,
long); small-flowered 21⁄2–31⁄2in (6–9cm) throats. Z8–10 H9–1.
butterfly. They are produced in a range large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),
across (flower head 20–28in (50–70cm) G. ‘Drama’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
of colors, including red, orange, pink and S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears spikes of up
long); and miniature-flowered 11⁄2–21⁄2in Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft
yellow, and have contrasting colors at the to 25 heavily ruffled, waxy, deep salmon-
(3.5–6cm) across (flower head 16–24in (1.7m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). In late summer
throat. Z8–10 H9–1. pink flowers, with lemon-yellow lip petals
(40–60cm) long). produces spikes of up to 26 lightly ruffled,
G. byzantinus. See G. communis subsp. and throats, in late summer. Z8–10 H9–1.
Primulinus Group byzantinus. deep watermelon-pink flowers with red- G. italicus, syn. G. segetum. Early
Has fairly loose spikes of plain-edged, G. callianthus. See G. murielae. marked, yellow throats. Is superb for summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m),
funnel-shaped flowers, 21⁄2–3in (6–8cm) G. cardinalis. Summer-flowering corm. exhibition. Z8–10 H10–8. S 4–6in (10–15cm). Produces a loose
across, each with a strongly hooded, H to 4ft (1.2m), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Arching G. ‘Dutch Mountain’. Grandiflorus spike of up to 20 pinkish-purple flowers,
upper petal over the stigma and anthers. stem bears a spike of up to 12 widely Group, large-flowered gladiolus. 11/2–2in (4–5cm) long, and has a fan of
Flower heads are 12in (30cm) long. funnel-shaped, bright red flowers, 3in H 51⁄2ft (1.7m), S 6in (15cm). In mid- erect, sword-shaped leaves from the
Nanus Group (8cm) long, with spear-shaped, white summer produces spikes of up to 25 basal part of stem. Z8–10 H9–1.
Produces 2 or 3 slender spikes, with loosely marks on lower 3 petals. Z8–10 H9–1. slightly ruffled, white flowers with small G. ‘Little Darling’. Primulinus Group
G arranged flowers, 11⁄2–2in (4–5cm) across. G. carneus, syn. G. blandus. Spring- green marks in the throats. Is good for
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
gladiolus. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
Flower heads are 9–14in (22–35cm) long. flowering corm. H 8–16in (20–40cm), Bears spikes of up to 16 loosely spaced,
G. ‘Esta Bonita’. Grandiflorus Group,
G. ‘Amanda Mahy’. Nanus Group S 3–4in (8–10cm). Stem bears a loose salmon- to rose-pink flowers, with lemon
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), lip petals, in mid-summer. Is good for
gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). spike of 3–12 widely funnel-shaped, white
S 1ft (30cm). Produces spikes of up to 24 exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
Produces spikes of up to 7 salmon-pink or pink flowers, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) long,
apricot-orange flowers, slightly darker
flowers, with lip petals flecked violet and marked on lower petals with darker red G. ‘Magistral’. Grandiflorus Group,
toward petal edges, in late summer. Is good
white, in early summer. Z8–10 H9–1. or yellow blotches. Z8–10 H9–1. large-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.8m),
for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
G. ‘Amsterdam’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Charmer’. Grandiflorus Group, S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of up to
G. ‘Firestorm’. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), 24 ruffled, oyster-white flowers, with
miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 31/2ft
S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 27 slightly S 6in (15cm). In early and mid-summer magenta lines, in mid-summer. Is good
(1.1m), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Spikes of
upward-facing, finely ruffled, white flowers produces spikes of up to 27 strongly for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
up to 22 loosely spaced, ruffled, vivid
are produced in late summer. Is good for ruffled, almost translucent, light pink G. ‘Melodie’. Grandiflorus Group, small-
scarlet flowers, with yellowish-white
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. flowers. Is good for exhibition. flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6–8in
flecks on the outer tepals, are produced
G. ‘Amy Beth’. Grandiflorus Group, Z8–10 H9–1. (15–20cm). Produces spikes of up to 17
in early summer. Is good for exhibition.
small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), G. ‘Charming Lady’. Nanus Group salmon-rose flowers, with longitudinal,
Z8–10 H9–1.
S 8–10in (20–25cm). Produces spikes of gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). spearlike, red-orange marks in throats,
G. ‘Flevo Bambino’. Grandiflorus Group,
up to 22 heavily ruffled, lavender flowers, Produces spikes of pink flowers, with in late summer. Z8–10 H9–1.
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 2ft (60cm),
with thick, waxy, cream-lipped petals, in pale lilac throats, from early to mid- G. ‘Mi Mi’. Grandiflorus Group, small-
S 3in (8cm). From late summer to early fall
late summer. Z8–10 H9–1. summer. Z8–10 H9–1. flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft (1.3m), S 3–4in
produces spikes of pale yellow flowers with
G. ‘Anna Leorah’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Christabel’. Spring-flowering corm (8–10cm). In mid-summer bears spikes of
purple throats. Z8–10 H9–1.
large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.6m), (a hybrid of G. tristis). H to 18in (45cm), up to 24 strongly ruffled, deep lavender-
G. ‘Florence C’. Grandiflorus Group,
S 6in (15cm). In mid-summer bears spikes S 3–4in (8–10cm). Loose spikes of up pink flowers with white throats. Is good
large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m),
of up to 25 strongly ruffled, mid-pink to 10 fragrant, widely funnel-shaped, for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
S 6in (15cm). In late summer produces
flowers with large, white throats. Is primrose-yellow flowers, 21/2–3in G. ‘Miss America’. Grandiflorus Group,
spikes of up to 26 strongly ruffled, white
good for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. (6–8cm) across, with purple-brown- medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),
G. ‘Atlantis’. Grandiflorus Group, veined, upper petals, are produced in S 1ft (30cm). In late summer produces
G. ‘Georgette’. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), spring. Z8–10 H9–1. spikes of up to 24 deep pink flowers
small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 8–10in (20–25cm). Produces spikes of G. ‘Columbine’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus that are heavily ruffled. Is excellent
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces spikes of
up to 20 lightly ruffled, deep violet-blue Group, small-flowered gladiolus. H 36in up to 22 slightly ruffled, yellow-suffused,
for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1.
flowers, with small, white throats, in (90cm), S 3in (8cm). In early summer orange flowers, with large lemon-yellow G. ‘Morning Gold’, illus. p.384.
late summer. Z8–10 H9–1. produces spikes of light carmine-rose throats, in mid-summer. Is good for Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
G. ‘Beau Rivage’. Grandiflorus Group, flowers with creamy-white throats. exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. gladiolus. H 39in (100cm), S 4in (10cm).
large-flowered gladiolus. H to 4ft (1.2m), Z8–10 H10–8. G. ‘Green Isle’. Grandiflorus Group, Spikes of green-tinted, golden-yellow
S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 15 ruffled, G. x colvillii ‘The Bride’, illus. p.384. medium-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft flowers are produced from mid-summer
deep coral-pink flowers are produced Nanus Group gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), (1.35m), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Spikes of up to early fall. Z8–10 H10–8.
in summer. Is good for exhibition. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces spikes of to 22 slightly informal, lime-green flowers, G. murielae, syn. G. callianthus,
Z8–10 H9–1. up to 7 white flowers, with green-marked with chiseled ruffling, are produced in Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae,
G. ‘Beauty of Holland’. Grandiflorus throats, in early summer. Z8–10 H9–1. late summer. Z8–10 H9–1. Acidanthera murielae, illus. p.383. Late
586 Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft G. communis subsp. byzantinus, syn. G. ‘Green Woodpecker’, illus. p.384. summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m),
(1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of G. byzantinus, illus. p.410. Grandiflorus Group, medium-flowered S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has a loose spike of up
GLOBBA
to 10 fragrant flowers, each with a curved S 5–6in (12–15cm). In mid- to late summer of pure white flowers, with ruffled petals,
tube, 4in (10cm) long, and 6 white petals, produces spikes of 15–20 ruffled, deep are borne in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. GLAUCIDIUM
with a deep purple blotch at each base. red flowers. Z8–10 H9–1. G. ‘Wine and Roses’, illus. p.384. GLAUCIDIACEAE/RANUNCULACEAE
G. natalensis. See G. dalenii. G. ‘Rose Supreme’. Grandiflorus Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
Genus of one species of spring-flowering
G. ‘Nova Lux’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm).
perennial. Is excellent in woodland
Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 39in (1.7m), S 10–12in (25–30cm). Spikes of up Spikes of soft pink flowers, with
gardens. Needs a partially shaded,
(100cm), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of clear to 24 rose-pink flowers, flecked and burgundy-red throats, are produced
sheltered position and moist, peaty soil.
yellow flowers are borne in mid-summer. streaked darker pink toward petal tips, and in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8.
Propagate by seed in fall.
Z8–10 H10–8. with cream throats, are produced G. ‘Zephyr’. Grandiflorus Group, large-
G. palmatum, illus. p.260.
G. ‘Nymph’, illus. p.384. Nanus Group in late summer. Z8–10 H11–1. flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), S 6in
gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). In G. ‘Royal Dutch’. Grandiflorus Group, (5cm). In mid-summer has spikes of up
early summer produces spikes of creamy- large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), to 26 light lavender-pink flowers with GLAUCIUM
white flowers, with teardrop-shaped, S 10–12in (25–30cm). Produces spikes of small, ivory throats. Is good for exhibition. Horned poppy
pink-edged markings on the lower petals. up to 27 flowers, pale lavender blending Z8–10 H9–1. PAPAVERACEAE
Z8–10 H10–8. into a white throat, from late summer
Genus of annuals, biennials and
G. ‘Oscar’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus to early fall. Is very good for exhibition. GLANDULARIA perennials, grown for their bright,
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 39in Z8–10 H9–1.
VERBENACEAE poppy-like flowers. Requires sun and
(100cm), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes G. ‘Sancerre’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
of velvety-red flowers in mid-summer. Group, large-flowered gladiolus. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
annuals by seed sown outdoors in spring,
Z8–10 H10–8. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of evergreen perennials, often treated as
perennials by seed sown outdoors in
G. papilio, syn. G. purpureoauratus, pure white flowers are borne in mid- annuals. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
spring or fall, biennials by seed sown
illus. p.395. summer. Z8–10 H10–8. Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer
under glass in late spring or early
G. ‘Parade’. Grandiflorus Group, G. segetum. See G. italicus. and fall or by layering or seed in fall or
summer. T Roots are toxic if ingested.
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), G. ‘Stardust’. Grandiflorus Group, spring.
G. flavum, illus. p.320.
S 10–14in (25–35cm). Produces spikes miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), G. ‘Balazdapima’. See G. x hybrida AZTEC
of up to 27 finely ruffled, salmon-pink S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has spikes of up to 21 DARK PINK MAGIC.
flowers, with small, cream throats, ruffled, pale yellow flowers, with lighter G. ‘Balazsilma’. See G. x hybrida AZTEC GLECHOMA
in early fall. Is superb for exhibition. yellow throats, in mid-summer. Is good for SILVER MAGIC. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
Z8–10 H9–1. exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. G. x hybrida, syn. Verbena x hortensis,
G. ‘Passos’. Grandiflorous Group, large- G. ‘Stella’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus Verbena x hybrida. AZTEC DARK PINK
perennials. Makes good groundcover,
flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. MAGIC (‘Balazdapima’), illus. p.303.
but may be invasive. Tolerates sun or
Spikes of purple-flecked, pale lilac to white H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Spikes of AZTEC SILVER MAGIC (‘Balazsilma’), illus.
shade. Prefers moist but well-drained soil.
flowers, with dark purple throats, are yellow flowers, with a star-shaped, dark p.312. Corsage Series ‘Corsage Red’,
Propagate by division in spring or fall or
produced in mid-summer. Z8–10 H9–1. red mark at the throat, are produced illus. p.307. Derby Series are erect, bushy
by softwood cuttings in spring.
G. ‘Peace’. Grandiflorus Group, in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. perennials, grown as annuals. H 10in
G. hederacea ‘Variegata’, illus. p.277.
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft G. ‘Tendresse’. Grandiflorus Group, (25cm), S 12in (30cm). Have oval, serrated,
(1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), mid- to deep green leaves. Clusters of
to 26 strongly ruffled, cream flowers, S 8–10in (20–25cm). In late summer has small, tubular, lobed flowers, in a wide GLEDITSIA
with pale lemon throats and pale pink spikes of up to 28 slightly ruffled, dark color range, including red, pink, blue, Honeylocust
margins, in mid-summer. Is good for pink flowers, with small, cream throats mauve and white, are borne in summer LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE G
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. marked with longitudinal, faint rose-pink and early fall. Z9–15 H12–1. Cultivars of
Novalis Series are erect and bushy, with Genus of deciduous, usually spiny trees,
G. ‘Peter Pears’, illus. p.384. “spears.” Z8–10 H9–1. grown for their foliage. Has inconspicuous
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered G. ‘Tesoro’. Grandiflorus Group, flowers in rose-pink, deep blue, pinkish-red
flowers, often followed by large seed
gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m), S 14in (35cm). medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), and scarlet, as well as single colors of
pods after hot summers. Young plants
In late summer has spikes of up to S 8–10in (20–25cm). Bears spikes of up to bright scarlet, white, or rose-pink.
may suffer frost damage. Requires
26 apricot-salmon flowers with red 26 silky flowers, slightly ruffled and ‘Peaches and Cream’ is spreading and
plenty of sun and fertile, well-drained
throat marks. Is excellent for exhibition. glistening yellow, in early fall. Is among branching, and produces pastel orange-
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall,
Z8–10 H10–8. the top exhibition gladioli. Z8–10 H9–1. pink flowers, maturing to apricot-yellow,
selected forms by budding in late
G. ‘Pink Flare’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘The Bride’. See G. colvillii ‘The Bride’. and eventually creamy-yellow. Cultivars of
summer.
‘Quartz Mix’ are compact and bushy with
small-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft (1.3m), G. ‘Trader Horn’. Grandiflorus Group, G. caspica (Caspianlocust). Deciduous,
lance-shaped leaves and rounded heads of
S 3–4in (8–10cm). Spikes of up to 25 ruffled, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m).
pink, red, maroon, or purple flowers with
mid-pink flowers, each with a small, white S 6in (15cm). Tall spikes of scarlet flowers, Trunk is armed with long, branched spines.
white “eyes.” Romance Series cultivars
throat, are produced in mid-summer. Is with a white mark on throat, are produced Has fernlike, glossy, mid-green leaves.
are erect and bushy, and have flowers in
good for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. in mid-summer. Z8–10 H9–1. Z7–10 H10–7.
deep wine-red, intense scarlet, carmine-
G. ‘Pink Lady’. Grandiflorus Group, G. ‘Vaucluse’. Grandiflorus Group, G. japonica, illus. p.75.
rose-red and blue-purple, as well as single
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), giant-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.9m), G. triacanthos (Honeylocust).
colors of white, bright scarlet, dark rose
S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has spikes of up S 6in (15cm). In late summer bears spikes Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),
or lavender-pink.
to 25 lightly ruffled, deep rose-pink of up to 27 slightly ruffled, vermilion-red S 50ft (15m). Trunk is very thorny.
G. x maonettii, syn. Verbena alpina,
flowers, with large, white throats, in flowers with small, creamy-white throats. Fernlike, glossy, dark green leaves turn
Verbena tenera. Spreading perennial
late summer and early fall. Z8–10 H9–1. Is good for exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. yellow in fall. Z3–7 H7–1. f. inermis
with a slightly woody base. H 3in (8cm),
G. primulinus. See G. dalenii. G. ‘Velvet Eyes’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus (Thornless honey locust) is thornless.
S 6in (15cm). Half-hardy. Has oblong to oval
G. psittacinus. See G. dalenii. Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft ‘Shademaster’ is vigorous, with long-
leaves, deeply cut into linear, toothed, mid-
G. ‘Pulchritude’. Grandiflorus Group, (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of dark lasting leaves. ‘Skyline’ is thornless,
green segments and, in summer, terminal
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 41/2ft bluish-purple flowers, with reddish-purple broadly conical and has golden-yellow
clusters of small, tubular, reddish-violet
(1.3m), S 5in (12cm). Produces spikes throats, in mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. foliage in fall. ‘Sunburst’, illus. p.72.
flowers, with white-edged lobes. Z7–9 H9–6.
of up to 27 ruffled, light lavender-pink G. ‘Victor Borge’. Grandiflorus Group,
G. peruviana, syn. Verbena
flowers, deepening at the petal margins, large-flowered gladiolus. H 51/2ft (1.7m),
and with a magenta-red mark on each S 14in (35cm). Spikes of up to 22 vermilion-
chamaedrifolia, Verbena chamaedrioides. GLOBBA
Semievergreen, prostrate perennial. H to ZINGIBERACEAE
lip petal, in mid-summer. Is good for orange flowers, with pale cream throat
3in (8cm), S 3ft (1m). Heads of small,
exhibition. Z8–10 H9–1. marks, are produced in late summer. Genus of evergreen or herbaceous,
tubular, brilliant scarlet flowers, with
G. ‘Purple Flora’, illus. p.384. Z8–10 H9–1. clump-forming perennials, grown for
spreading petal lobes, are produced from
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered G. ‘White Ice’, illus. p.384. Grandiflorus their flowers. Needs partial shade, high
early summer to early fall. Oval, toothed
gladiolus. H 39in (100cm), S 6in (15cm). Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft humidity and rich, well-drained soil.
leaves are mid-green. Prefers to grow in
Produces spikes of rich deep purple (1.5m), S 5in (12cm). Produces spikes of up Keep plants dry when dormant in winter.
dry soil that is not too rich. Z9–11 H12–9.
flowers, with paler lilac markings, in to 25 ruffled, white flowers in late summer. Propagate by division or seed in spring
G. ‘Sissinghurst’, syn. Verbena
mid-summer. Z8–10 H10–8. Is good for exhibition. Z8–10 H10–8. or by mature bulbils that fall off plants.
‘Sissinghurst’, illus. p.268.
G. purpureoauratus. See G. papilio. G. ‘White Prosperity’, illus. p.384. See also feature panel p.477.
G. ‘Renegade’. Grandiflorus Group, Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered Glandulicactus uncinatus. See G. platystachya. Herbaceous, clump- 587
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes Sclerocactus uncinatus. forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m).
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GLOBULARIA
Has lance-shaped, silver-patterned, Propagate by seed or softwood cuttings in

mid-green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long. GLOXINIA spring. T Some species exude a milky sap, GRASSES, BAMBOOS,
Pendent racemes of small, tubular, golden- GESNERIACEAE which may aggravate skin allergies. RUSHES AND SEDGES
yellow flowers are borne at the shoot G. physocarpus, syn. Asclepias
Genus of late summer- to fall-flowering, Group of evergreen or herbaceous,
tips along with bulbils in late summer. physocarpa. Deciduous, erect, hairy
rhizomatous perennials. Needs partial perennial and annual grasses or grasslike
Z13–15 H12–8. subshrub. H to 6ft (2m), S to 2ft (60cm).
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Dies plants belonging to the Gramineae
G. winitii, illus. p.477. Evergreen, Has lance-shaped leaves, 10cm (4in) long,
down in late fall or winter; then keep (including Bambusoideae), Juncaceae
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), and umbels of 5-horned, creamy-white
rhizomes nearly dry. Propagate by and Cyperaceae families. They are grown
S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped leaves, flowers in summer, followed by large,
division or seed in spring or by stem mainly as foliage plants, adding grace
to 8in (20cm) long. Intermittently inflated, globose seed pods with soft
or leaf cuttings in summer. and contrast to borders and rock gardens,
produces pendent racemes of tubular, bristles. Z12–15 H12–10.
G. perennis. Late summer- to fall- although several grasses have attractive
yellow flowers with large, reddish-purple, flowering rhizome. H to 24in (60cm), flower heads in summer that may be dried
reflexed bracts. H11–8. S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has heart-shaped, GOMPHRENA for winter decoration. Dead foliage may
toothed, hairy leaves on spotted stems AMARANTHACEAE be cut back on herbaceous perennials
GLOBULARIA and bell-shaped, lavender-blue flowers,
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials. when dormant. Propagate species by seed
Globe daisy with rounded lobes and purple-blotched in spring or fall or by division in spring,
Only one species, G. globosa, is usually
throats. Z13–15 H12–10. selected forms by division only. Pests and
GLOBULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE cultivated; its flower heads are good for
G. speciosa. See Sinningia speciosa. diseases usually give little trouble. Grasses,
Genus of mainly evergreen, summer- cutting and drying. Prefers sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown bamboos, rushes and sedges are illustrated
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown
for their dome-shaped hummocks and
GLYCERIA under glass in spring. on pp.284–49.
usually blue or purple flower heads. Manna grass G. globosa, illus. p.303. Grasses (Gramineae)
Needs full sun and well-drained soil. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Family of evergreen, semievergreen
or herbaceous, sometimes creeping
Propagate by division in spring, by See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES GONGORA perennials, annuals and marginal water
softwood or semiripe cuttings in and SEDGES. ORCHIDACEAE plants, usually with rhizomes or stolons,
summer or by seed in fall. G. aquatica ‘Variegata’. See G. maxima
See also ORCHIDS. that form tufts, clumps or carpets. All
G. bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis. ‘Variegata’.
G. quinquenervis. Evergreen, epiphytic have basal leaves and rounded flower
G. cordifolia, illus. p.369. subsp. G. maxima ‘Variegata’, syn. G. aquatica
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse. stems that bear alternate, long, narrow
bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.436.
H 10in (25cm). In summer, fragrant, leaves. Flowers are bisexual (males and
G. meridionalis, syn. G. bellidifolia,
brown, orange and yellow flowers, females in same spikelet) and are
G. cordifolia, G. pygmaea, illus. p.367.
G. pygmaea. See G. meridionalis.
GLYCYRRHIZA 1
⁄2in (1cm) across, which resemble birds arranged in panicles, racemes or spikes.
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE in flight, are produced in long, pendent Each flower head comprises spikelets,
spikes. Has oval, ribbed leaves, 5–6in with one or more florets, that are covered
GLORIOSA Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
(12–15cm) long. Is best grown in a with glumes (scales) from which awns
Needs sun and deep, rich, well-drained
LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE hanging basket. Requires partial shade (long, slender bristles) may grow. Unless
soil. Propagate by division in spring or
in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. otherwise stated, grasses will tolerate
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering, seed in fall or spring. a range of light conditions and flourish
tendril climbers with finger-like tubers. G. glabra. Upright perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), in any well-drained soil. Many genera,
G Needs full sun and rich, well-drained S 3ft (1m). Has pealike, purple- blue and GRAPTOPETALUM such as Briza, self-seed readily. See
soil. Water freely in summer and liquid white flowers, borne in short spikes on CRASSULACEAE also Alopecurus, Anemanthele,
feed every 2 weeks. Provide support. erect stems in late summer, and large Arrhenatherum, Arundo, Bouteloua, Briza,
Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
Dry off tubers in winter and keep cool leaves divided into oval leaflets. Is grown Bromus, Chionochloa, Coix, Cortaderia,
very similar to Echeveria, with which it
but frost-free. Propagate by seed or commercially for production of licorice. Dactylis, Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria,
hybridizes. Needs sun or partial shade
division in spring. T Highly toxic if Z9–11 H12–10. Hakonechloa, Helictotrichon, Holcus,
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
ingested; handling tubers may irritate Hordeum, Lagurus, Lamarckia, Leymus,
Godetia. See Clarkia. seed or by stem or leaf cuttings in spring
the skin. Melica, Melinis, Milium, Miscanthus,
or summer.
G. rothschildiana. See G. superba Molinia, Oplismenus, Panicum,
G. amethystinum. Clump-forming,
‘Rothschildiana’. GOMESA prostrate, perennial succulent. H 16in Pennisetum, Phalaris, Sesleria, Setaria,
G. superba. Deciduous, tendril climber ORCHIDACEAE Spartina, Stenotaphrum, Stipa,
(40cm), S 36in (90cm). Produces thick,
with tubers. H to 6ft (2m), S 1–11/2ft Zea and Zizania.
See also ORCHIDS. rounded, blue-gray to red leaves,
(30–45cm). Slender stems bear scattered, 3in (7cm) long, in terminal rosettes and Bamboos (Bambusoideae)
G. flexuosum, syn. Oncidium flexuosum
broadly lance-shaped leaves. In summer, star-shaped, yellow-and-red flowers, Sub-family of Gramineae, comprising
(Dancing-doll orchid, Glory Lily), illus.
upper leaf axils bear large, yellow or red 1
/2–3/4in (1–2cm) across, in spring–summer. evergreen, rhizomatous perennials,
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
flowers, with 6 sharply reflexed, wavy- Z13–15 H12–10. sometimes grown as hedging as well as
a cool or intermediate greenhouse.
edged petals, changing to dark orange H 9in (23cm). In fall produces terminal G. bellum, syn. Tacitus bellus, illus. p.485. for ornamentation. Most bamboos differ
or deep red. Stamens are prominent. sprays of many small, large-lipped, bright G. paraguayense, illus. p.489. from other perennial grasses in that they
Z8–10 H12–7. ‘Rothschildiana’, yellow flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) across, with have woody stems (culms). These are
syn. G. rothschildiana illus. p.386. hollow (except in Chusquea), mostly
red-brown markings on sepals and
GRAPTOPHYLLUM greenish-brown and, due to their silica
petals. Bears narrowly oval leaves,
ACANTHACEAE
GLOTTIPHYLLUM 4in (10cm) long. Is best grown on a bark content, very strong, with a circumference
slab. Keep in partial shade in summer. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown of up to 6in (15cm) in some tropical species.
AIZOACEAE Leaves are lance-shaped with cross veins
Z13–15 H12–1. mainly for their foliage. Needs partial
Genus of clump-forming, perennial G. planifolia. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid shade and fertile, well-drained soil. that give a tessellated appearance, which
succulents, grown for their semicylindrical for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Water container plants freely when in may be obscured in the more tender
leaves often broader at tips. Needs full sun Sprays of star-shaped, pea-green flowers, full growth, much less when temperatures species. Flowers are produced at varying
and poor, well-drained soil. Propagate by 1
/4in (0.5cm) across, are produced in fall. are low. Young plants need tip-pruning intervals but are not decorative. After
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer. Narrowly oval leaves are 6in (15cm) after flowering to promote branching; flowering, stems die down but few plants
G. difforme, syn. G. semicylindricum. long. Grow in partial shade in summer. leggy specimens may be cut back hard die completely. Bamboos thrive in a
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. Z14–15 H12–6. after flowering or in spring. Propagate sheltered, not too dry situation in sun
H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in or shade, unless otherwise stated. See
semicylindrical, bright green leaves, 21/2in spring or summer. also Bambusa, Chusquea, Fargesia,
(6cm) long, with a tooth halfway along
GOMPHOCARPUS Himalayacalamus, Phyllostachys,
G. pictum (Caricature plant). Evergreen,
each margin. Short-stemmed, daisylike, ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE erect, loose shrub. H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasa,
golden-yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, Genus of evergreen and deciduous (60cm) or more. Has oval, pointed, glossy, Semiarundinaria, Shibataea and Yushania.
are produced in spring–summer. Z10–11 subshrubs and perennials. Hooded, green leaves with central, yellow blotches. Rushes (Juncaceae)
H12–9. cup-shaped flowers are followed by seed Bears short, terminal spikes of tubular, Family of evergreen, tuft-forming or
588 G. nelii, illus. p.495. pods that are usually inflated. Needs sun red to purple flowers in spring and early creeping, mostly rhizomatous annuals
G. semicylindricum. See G. difforme. or partial shade and well-drained soil. summer. Z13–15 H12–10. and perennials. All have either rounded,
GYNURA
leafless stems or stems bearing long, short, dense clusters of tubular, red,
narrow, basal leaves that are flat and occasionally pink or white flowers GUNNERA GYMNOCALYCIUM
hairless except Luzula (woodrushes) in summer. GUNNERACEAE/HALORAGIDACEAE CACTACEAE
which has flat leaves, edged with G. sulphurea. See G. juniperina
Genus of summer-flowering perennials, Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their
white hairs. Rounded flower heads are f. sulphurea.
grown mainly for their foliage. Some masses of funnel-shaped flowers in
generally unimportant. Most rushes
are clump-forming with very large leaves; spring–summer. Crowns generally bear
prefer sun or partial shade and a moist
or wet situation, but Luzula prefers drier
GREYIA others are mat-forming with smaller smooth, scaly buds. Needs full sun or
GREYIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE leaves. Shelter from wind in summer partial shade and very well-drained soil.
conditions. See also Isolepis, Juncus
and cover with hay or compost in winter. Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
and Luzula. Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
Some require sun while others do best in or summer.
Sedges (Cyperaceae) deciduous, spring-flowering shrubs and
partial shade; all need moist soil. Propagate G. andreae. Clump-forming, spherical,
Family of evergreen, rhizomatous trees, grown for their flowers and overall
by seed in fall or spring; small species by perennial cactus. H 21/2in (6cm), S 4in
perennials that form dense tufts. Stems appearance. Needs full light and well-
division in spring. (10cm). Has a glossy, dark green stem
are triangular and bear long, narrow drained soil. Water container specimens
G. chilensis. See G. tinctoria. bearing 8 rounded ribs and up to 8 pale
leaves, sometimes reduced to scales. moderately when in full growth, less at
G. magellanica, illus. p.371. yellow-white spines per areole. Yellow
Spikes or panicles of florets covered with other times. Remove or shorten flowered
G. manicata, illus. p.443. flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are produced
glumes are produced and contain both stems after flowering. Propagate by seed
G. scabra. See G. tinctoria. in spring–summer. Z11–12 H12–10.
male and female flowers, although some in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
G. tinctoria, syn. G. chilensis, G. scabra. G. gibbosum, illus. p.481.
species of Carex have separate male and summer. Plants grown under glass
Robust, rounded, clump-forming perennial. G. mihanovichii ‘Red Head’, syn.
female flower heads on the same stem. need plenty of ventilation.
H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more. Has very large, G. mihanovichii ‘Hibotan’, G. mihanovichii
Grow in sun or partial shade. Some G. sutherlandii, illus. p.455.
rounded, puckered and lobed leaves, 11/2–2ft ‘Red Cap’, illus. p.487.
sedges grow naturally in water, but many G. quehlianum. Flattened spherical,
(45–60cm) across. In early summer
may be grown in any well-drained soil. GRINDELIA produces dense, conical clusters of tiny, perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (7cm).
See also Carex, Cyperus, Eleocharis, Gum plant, Rosinweed Gray-blue to brown stem has 11 or so
dull reddish-green flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
Schoenoplectus and Scirpoides. rounded ribs. Areoles each produce
5 curved spines. Produces white flowers,
GREVILLEA
Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen GUZMANIA 2in (5cm) across, with red throats, in
perennials and subshrubs, grown for
BROMELIACEAE spring–summer. Is easy to flower. Z13–15
PROTEACEAE their flower heads. Needs a warm,
Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, H12–10.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, sheltered site. Requires sun and well-
epiphytic perennials, grown for their G. schickendantzii. Spherical, perennial
grown for their flowers and foliage. Grow drained soil. Water container specimens
overall appearance. Needs semi-shade cactus. H and S 4in (10cm). Dark green
in full sun and well-drained, preferably moderately when in full growth, less at
and a rooting medium of equal parts rich stem has 7–14 deeply indented ribs and
acidic soil. Water container specimens other times. Remove spent flowering
soil and either sphagnum moss, or bark long, red-tipped, gray-brown spines. Bears
moderately, very little in winter. Pruning stems either as they die or in following
or plastic chips used for orchid culture. greenish-white to pale pink flowers, 2in
is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
Using soft water, water moderately during (5cm) across, in summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings by semiripe cuttings in late summer.
growing season, sparingly at other times,
in summer. T All parts may aggravate G. chiloensis, syn. G. speciosa, illus. p.161.
skin allergies. G. speciosa. See G. chiloensis. and keep rosette centers filled with water GYMNOCARPIUM
from spring to fall. Propagate by offsets
G. alpestris. See G. alpina. DRYOPTERIDACEAE/WOODSIACEAE
G. alpina, syn. G. alpestris. Evergreen, GRISELINIA
in spring or summer.
Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous,
G
G. lingulata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
rounded, wiry-stemmed shrub. H and Tarweed terrestrial ferns with triangular fronds,
epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–18in
S 1–2ft (30–60cm). Has narrowly oblong ideal for groundcover. Needs deep shade
or oval leaves, dark green above, silky-
CORNACEAE/GRISELINIACEAE (30–45cm). Forms loose rosettes of
and prefers leafy, moist, neutral to acidic
haired beneath. Bears tubular, red flowers Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, with broadly strap-shaped, arching, mid-green
soil. Propagate from spores when ripe,
in small clusters in spring–summer. inconspicuous flowers, grown for their leaves. Bears a cluster of tubular, white to
or divide in spring.
Z9–10 H10–9. foliage. Thrives in mild, coastal areas where yellow flowers, surrounded by a rosette
G. dryopteris (Oak fern). Deciduous
G. banksii, illus. p.450. it is effective as a hedge or windbreak as it of bright red bracts, usually in summer.
fern. H 8in (20cm), S indefinite. Bears
G. ‘Canberra Gem’, illus. p.201. is very wind- and salt-resistant. In colder Z14–15 H12–1. var. minor, H and S 6in
divided fronds, each with a leaf blade
G. juniperina f. sulphurea, syn. areas, provide shelter. Requires sun and (15cm), has yellow-green leaves and red
4–7in (10–18cm) long and across, on stem
G. sulphurea, illus. p.206. fertile, well-drained soil. Restrict growth or yellow bracts.
4in (10cm) long. Pinnae are triangular,
G. ‘Poorinda Constance’. Evergreen, and trim hedges in early summer. G. monostachia, syn. G. monostachya,
with oblong to ovate, toothed and
bushy, rounded shrub. H and S to 6ft Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. G. tricolor. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
scalloped segments. Pale yellowish
(2m). Has small, lance-shaped, mid- to G. littoralis (Broadleaf). Fast-growing, epiphytic perennial. H and S 12–16in
green, young fronds darken to vivid
deep green leaves with prickly toothed evergreen, upright shrub of dense habit. (30–40cm). Has dense rosettes of strap-
rich green as they mature. Z4–8 H0.
margins. Tubular, bright red flowers, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Bears oval, leathery shaped, erect to arching, pale to
in conspicuous clusters, are borne from leaves that are bright apple-green. Tiny, yellowish-green leaves. In summer,
spring to fall, sometimes longer. Z10–11 inconspicuous, yellow-green flowers are elongated spikes of tubular, white flowers GYMNOCLADUS
H12–10. borne in late spring. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Dixon’s emerge from axils of oval bracts, LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE
G. robusta (Silk oak). Fast-growing, Cream’, H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m), is slower- the upper ones red, the lower ones green
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
evergreen, upright to conical tree. growing and has central, creamy-white with purple-brown stripes. Z14–15 H12–1.
foliage. Needs full sun and deep, fertile,
H 100ft (30m), S to 50ft (15m). Fernlike leaf variegation. ‘Variegata’, illus. p.119. G. monostachya. See G. monostachia.
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
leaves are 6–10in (15–25cm) long. Mature G. lucida. Fast-growing, evergreen, G. sanguinea. Evergreen, basal-
G. dioica, illus. p.67.
specimens bear upturned bell-shaped, upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H 8in
bright yellow or orange flowers in Is similar to G. littoralis, but has larger, (20cm), S 12–14in (30–35cm). Has dense, Gynandiris sisyrinchium. See Moraea
dense, one-sided spikes, 4in (10cm) or glossy, dark green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. slightly flat rosettes of broadly strap- sisyrinchium.
more long, in spring–summer. Z10–11 shaped, arching, mid- to deep green
leaves. In summer, a compact cluster
H12–3.
GUARIANTHE of tubular, yellow flowers, surrounded
GYNURA
G. ‘Robyn Gordon’. Evergreen,
sprawling shrub. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m), ORCHIDACEAE by red bracts, is produced at the heart COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
S 20–60in (50–150cm). Has leathery, See also ORCHIDS. of each mature rosette. Z14–15 H12–1. Genus of evergreen perennials, shrubs and
dark green leaves and arching stems that G. bowringiana, syn. Cattleya G. tricolor. See G. monostachia. semi-scrambling climbers, grown for their
bear racemes of crimson flowers, with bowringiana, illus. p.466. Evergreen, G. vittata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, ornamental foliage or flower heads. Requires
protruding, recurved styles, from early epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. epiphytic perennial. H and S 14–24in a lightly shaded position in summer and any
spring to late summer. Z13–15 H12–9. H 18in (45cm). In fall bears large heads (35–60cm). Produces fairly loose rosettes fertile, well-drained soil. Water moderately
G. rosmarinifolia, illus. p.203. of rose-purple-lipped, magenta flowers, of strap-shaped, erect, dark green leaves throughout the year, less in cool conditions;
Evergreen, rounded, well-branched 3in (8cm) across. Has oval, stiff leaves, with pale green cross-bands and recurved do not overwater. Provide support for stems.
shrub. H and S to 6ft (2m). Dark green 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Grow in partial tips. Stem bears a compact, egg-shaped Remove stem tips to encourage branching.
leaves are needle-shaped with reflexed shade in summer and do not spray head of small, tubular, white flowers in Propagate by softwood or semiripe cuttings 589
margins, silky-haired beneath. Has from overhead. Z12–15 H12–9. summer. Z14–15 H12–1. in spring or summer.
www.ebook777.com
GYPSOPHILA
H
G. aurantiaca, illus. p.462. ‘Purple soil, which is well supplied with moisture
Passion’, syn. G. sarmentosa is an in growing season. Propagate by seed or HAKEA
evergreen, erect, woody-based, soft- offsets in spring. PROTEACEAE
stemmed shrub or semi-scrambling H. andersonii. See H. tubispathus.
climber. H 2ft (60cm) or more. Stems H. brachyandrus. Summer-flowering
grown for their often needlelike leaves
and lance-shaped, lobed, serrated leaves HAAGEOCEREUS bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
and their flowers. Is very wind-resistant,
are covered with velvety, purple hairs. Long, linear, semierect, narrow leaves form
CACTACEAE except in cold areas. Requires full sun and
Leaves are purple-green above, deep a basal cluster. Each flower stem bears a
red-purple beneath. In winter, clusters Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
semierect, widely funnel-shaped, pinkish-
of daisylike, orange-yellow flower heads ribbed, densely spiny, columnar, green specimens moderately in growing season,
red flower, 3–4in (7–10cm) long. Z10–11
are produced and these become purplish stems branching from the base. Requires but only sparingly in winter. Propagate
H12–10.
as they mature. Z14–15 H12–10. full sun and very well-drained soil. by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
H. robustus, syn. Zephyranthes robusta,
G. sarmentosa. See G. aurantiaca Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in in fall.
illus. p.426.
‘Purple Passion’. spring or summer. H. drupacea, syn. H. suaveolens.
H. tubispathus, syn. H. andersonii.
H. ambiguus. See H. decumbens. Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 6ft (2m)
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 6in (15cm),
H. chosicensis. See H. pseudomelanostele. or more. Leaves are divided into
GYPSOPHILA H. decumbens, syn. H. ambiguus, H.
S 2in (5cm). Has linear, semierect, basal
cylindrical, needlelike leaflets or
leaves and a succession of flower stems
CARYOPHYLLACEAE litoralis. Prostrate, perennial cactus. occasionally are undivided and lance-
each bearing solitary, funnel-shaped
Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). Stems, 21/2in shaped. Small, fragrant, tubular, white
flowers, 1–11/2in (2.5–3.5cm) long, yellow flowers, in short, dense clusters, are
and perennials, some of which are (6cm) across, with 20 or so ribs, have
inside, copper-red outside. Z10–11 produced from summer to winter. Z10–11
semievergreen. Needs sun. Prefers deep, dark brown, central spines, 2in (5cm)
H12–10. H12–9.
well-drained soil but tolerates dry, sandy long, and shorter, dense, golden, radial
and stony soils. Resents being disturbed. spines. Tubular, white flowers, 3in (8cm) H. lissosperma, syn. H. sericea
Cut back after flowering for a second flush across, are produced in summer near HACQUETIA (Mountain hakea). Evergreen, upright,
of flowers. Propagate G. paniculata crowns, only on mature plants. SYN. DONDIA densely branched shrub of pine-like
cultivars by grafting in winter, others by Z13–15 H12–10. appearance. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Bears
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed H. litoralis. See H. decumbens. long, slender, sharply pointed, gray-green
Genus of one species of clump-forming, leaves and, in late spring and early
in fall or spring. H. pseudomelanostele, syn. H.
rhizomatous perennial that creeps slowly, summer, produces clusters of small,
G. cerastioides, illus. p.349. chosicensis. Upright, perennial cactus. H 5ft
G. elegans, illus. p.299. grown for its yellow or yellow-green flower spidery, white flowers. Z10–11 H12–10.
(1.5m), S 3ft (1m). Green stem, 4in (10cm)
G. paniculata (Baby’s breath). ‘Bristol heads borne on leafless plants in late H. sericea of gardens. See H. lissosperma.
across, with 19 or so ribs, bears white,
Fairy’, illus. p.231. ‘Flamingo’ is a winter and early spring. Is good in rock H. suaveolens. See H. drupacea.
golden or red, central spines and shorter,
spreading, short-lived perennial. H 2–21/2ft gardens. Prefers shade and rich, moist soil.
dense, bristly, white, radial ones. Has
(60–75cm), S 3ft (1m). In summer bears Resents disturbance to roots. Propagate
panicles of numerous, small, rounded,
tubular, white, lilac-white or pinkish-red
by division in spring, by seed when fresh HAKONECHLOA
flowers, 3in (7cm) long, near crown in Hakone grass
double, pale pink flowers on wiry, summer. Z13–15 H12–10. in fall or by root cuttings in winter.
branching stems. Has small, linear, mid- H. versicolor. Columnar, perennial H. epipactis, illus. p.356. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
green leaves. cactus. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (1m). Dense, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
G. repens. Semievergreen, prostrate golden, red or brown, radial spines at HAEMANTHUS and SEDGES.
G perennial with much-branched rhizomes.
H 1–2in (2.5–5cm) or more, S 12in (30cm)
times form colored bands around a longer,
AMARYLLIDACEAE
H. macra ‘Aureola’, illus. p.289.
central spine up the green stem. Long-
or more. In summer produces sprays Genus of summer-flowering bulbs,
of small, rounded, white, lilac or pink
tubed, white flowers are borne near
grown for their dense heads of small,
HALESIA
crown of plant in summer. Z13–15 H12–10.
flowers on slender stems on which are star-shaped flowers, often brightly Silverbell, Snowdrop tree
borne narrowly oval, bluish-green leaves. colored. Prefers full sun or partial shade STYRACACEAE
Is excellent for a rock garden, wall or HABENARIA and well-drained soil or sandy compost. Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
dry bank. May also be propagated by ORCHIDACEAE Liquid feed in the growing season. Leave trees and shrubs, grown for their showy,
division in spring. Z4–7 H7–1. ‘Dorothy See also ORCHIDS. undisturbed as long as possible before pendent, bell-shaped flowers and their
Teacher’, illus. p.362. H. radiata, illus. p.408. replanting. Propagate by offsets or seed curious, winged fruits. Needs a sunny,
before growth commences in early sheltered position. Prefers moist but well-
spring. T All parts may cause mild drained, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by
HABERLEA stomach upset if ingested; contact with softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
GESNERIACEAE the sap may irritate skin. in fall.
Genus of evergreen, rosetted perennials, H. albiflos (Shaving brush plant, White H. carolina, syn. H. tetraptera (Carolina
grown for their sprays of flowers. Is useful paintbrush). Summer-flowering bulb. silverbell). Deciduous, spreading tree or
on walls. Needs partial shade and moist H 2–12in (5–30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Has shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval leaves
soil. Resents disturbance to roots. 2–6 almost prostrate, broadly elliptic leaves are mid-green. Masses of bell-shaped,
Propagate by seed in spring or by leaf with hairy edges. Flower stem, produced white flowers, hanging from bare shoots,
cuttings or offsets in early summer. between leaves, bears a brushlike head of produced in late spring, are followed
H. ferdinandi-coburgii. Evergreen, up to 50 white flowers with very narrow by 4-winged, green fruits. Z5–8 H8–4.
dense, basal-rosetted perennial. H 4–6in petals and protruding stamens. Z13–15 H. monticola, illus. p.71.
(10–15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oblong, H12–10. H. tetraptera. See H. carolina.
toothed, dark green leaves, hairy below, H. coccineus, illus. p.423.
H. katherinae. See Scadoxus multiflorus
almost glabrous above. Sprays of funnel-
subsp. katherinae.
x HALIMIOCISTUS
shaped, blue-violet flowers, each with a
white throat, are borne on long stems in H. magnificus. See Scadoxus puniceus. CISTACEAE
late spring and early summer. Z5–8 H8–5. H. multiflorus. See Scadoxus Hybrid genus (Cistus x Halimium) of
H. rhodopensis. Evergreen, dense, basal- multiflorus. evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers.
rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm) H. natalensis. See Scadoxus puniceus. Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
or more. Is similar to H. ferdinandi-coburgii, H. puniceus. See Scadoxus puniceus. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
but leaves are hairy on both surfaces. Z5–7 H. sanguineus. Summer-flowering bulb. x H. sahucii, syn. Cistus revolii, illus.
H7–5. ‘Virginalis’ illus. p.359. H to 12in (30cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm). Bears p.149.
2 prostrate, elliptic, rough, dark green x H. wintonensis, syn. Halimium
leaves, hairy beneath. Brownish-purple- wintonense. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
HABRANTHUS spotted, green flower stem, forming before H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Saucer-shaped,
AMARYLLIDACEAE leaves, produces a dense head of small, white flowers, each with deep red bands
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering bulbs, narrow-petaled, red flowers, surrounded and a yellow center, are produced amid
590 grown for their funnel-shaped flowers. by whorls of narrow, leaflike, red or pink lance-shaped, gray-green leaves in late
Needs a sheltered, sunny site and fertile bracts. Z13–15 H12–10. spring and early summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
HEBE
Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Sulphurea’, illus. p.118. are suitable for rock gardens. Requires full
HALIMIUM ‘Zuccariniana’ bears paler, lemon-yellow HAWORTHIA sun and well-drained soil. Growth may be
CISTACEAE flowers in early spring and mid-green LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE restricted, or leggy plants tidied, by cutting
leaves turn orange-yellow in fall. back in spring. Propagate by semiripe
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their Genus of basal-rosetted, clump-forming,
H. mollis (Chinese witch hazel). cuttings in summer.
flowers. Is good for coastal gardens. perennial succulents, grown for their
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and H. albicans, illus. p.151. ‘Cranleigh
Prefers full sun and light, well-drained soil. triangular to rounded, green leaves. Roots
S 12ft (4m) or more. Broadly oval, mid- Gem’ is an evergreen, rounded shrub.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. tend to wither in winter or during long
green leaves turn yellow in fall. Produces H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has dense spikes
H. formosum. See H. lasianthum subsp. periods of drought. Needs partial shade
extremely fragrant, spidery, yellow flowers, of small, 4-lobed, white flowers, with
formosum. to stay green and grow quickly; if planted
along bare branches, in mid- and late conspicuous, black anthers, amid narrowly
H. lasianthum. Evergreen, bushy, in full sun turns red or orange and grows
winter. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Coombe Wood’ oval, gray-green leaves in early summer.
spreading shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). slowly. Requires very well-drained soil.
has golden-yellow flowers. Z5–9 H9–1. Z9–10 H10–9.
Leaves are oval and gray-green. In late Keep dry in winter. Propagate by seed
‘Jermyn’s Gold’ bears large clusters H. ‘Alicia Amherst’. Fast-growing,
spring and early summer bears saucer- or division from spring to fall.
of broad-petaled, bright yellow flowers. evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 4ft
shaped, golden-yellow flowers, sometimes H. arachnoidea, syn. H. setata, illus.
with small, central, red blotches. Z9–11 ‘Pallida’. See H. x intermedia ‘Pallida’. (1.2m). Has large, oblong, glossy, dark
p.491.
H. vernalis ‘Sandra’. Deciduous, green leaves and, in late summer–fall, large
H12–9. subsp. formosum, syn. H. H. attenuata, illus. p.480.
formosum, illus. p.161. upright, open shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). spikes of small, 4-lobed, deep violet-purple
H. x cuspidata. Clump-forming, perennial
Bears small, fragrant, spidery, deep yellow flowers. Z9–10 H10–9.
H. ocymoides, syn. Cistus algarvensis. succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 10in (25cm).
flowers in late winter and early spring. H. x andersonii ‘Variegata’, syn.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft (60cm), Produces a basal rosette of smooth,
Oval leaves are purple when young, mid- H. ‘Andersonii Variegata’. Evergreen,
S 3ft (1m). Narrowly oval leaves, covered rounded, fleshy, light green leaves covered
green in summer and purple, red, orange bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are
in white hairs when young, mature to dark with translucent marks. Tubular to bell-
green. In early summer has upright clusters and yellow in fall. Z4–8 H9–5. oblong and dark green, each with a gray-
shaped, white flowers are produced from
of saucer-shaped, golden-yellow flowers, H. virginiana (Common witch hazel). green center and creamy-white margins.
spring to fall on long, slender stems.
conspicuously blotched with black or Deciduous, open, upright shrub. H and Has dense spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac
Z13–15 H12–10.
purple. Z9–11 H12–9. ‘Susan’. See S 15ft (5m). Small, fragrant, spidery, yellow flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z10–11
H. fasciata. Slow-growing, clump-
H. ‘Susan’. flowers, with 4 narrow petals, are produced H12–10.
forming, perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm),
H. ‘Susan’, syn. H. ocymoides ‘Susan’, in fall as leaves fall. Broadly oval leaves H. ‘Autumn Glory’, illus. p.157.
S 12in (30cm). Has raised, white dots, mostly
illus. p.160. turn yellow in fall. Z3–8 H8–1. H. ‘Bowles’s Variety’, illus. p.157.
in bands, on undersides of triangular,
H. umbellatum, syn. Helianthemum H. brachysiphon. Evergreen, bushy,
Hamatocactus hamatacanthus. See slightly incurved leaves, to 3in (8cm) long,
umbellatum, illus. p.149. dense shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oblong,
Ferocactus hamatacanthus. which are arranged in a basal rosette.
H. wintonense. See Halimiocistus dark green leaves. Produces dense spikes
Hamatocactus uncinatus. See Bears tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers,
wintonensis. of small, 4-lobed, white flowers in mid-
Sclerocactus uncinatus. on long, slender stems, from spring to fall.
summer. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘White Gem’. See
Z12–15 H12–10.
H. ‘White Gem’.
HAMAMELIS HARDENBERGIA
H. setata. See H. arachnoidea.
H. buchananii. Evergreen, dome-shaped
Witch hazel H. truncata, illus. p.492.
Coral pea shrub. H and S 6in (15cm) or more. Very
HAMAMELIDACEAE dark stems bear oval, bluish-green leaves.
Genus of deciduous, fall- to early spring- HEATHERS In summer produces clusters of small,
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, 4-lobed, white flowers at stem tips. Z8–10
flowering shrubs, grown for their fall color
and fragrant, frost-resistant flowers, each
twining climbers or subshrubs, grown for ERICACEAE H10–8. ‘Minor’, H 2–4in (5–10cm), has H
their curtains of leaves and racemes of Heathers (otherwise known as heaths) are smaller leaves.
with 4 narrowly strap-shaped petals. Needs
pealike flowers. Prefers sun and well- evergreen, woody-stemmed shrubs, grown H. canterburiensis, syn. H. ‘Tom
sun or partial shade and prefers fertile,
drained soil that does not dry out. Propagate for their flowers and foliage, both of which Marshall’. Evergreen, spreading shrub.
well-drained, peaty, acid soil, although
by stem cuttings in late summer or fall or may provide color in the garden all year H and S 1–3ft (30–90cm). Small, oval, glossy,
tolerates good, deep soil over chalk.
by seed (soaked before sowing) in spring. round. There are 3 genera: Calluna, dark green leaves are densely packed on
Propagate species by seed in fall, selected
H. comptoniana, illus. p.194. Daboecia and Erica. Calluna has only one stems. In early summer, short racemes of
forms by softwood cuttings in summer, by
H. monophylla. See H. violacea. species, C. vulgaris, but it contains a large small, white flowers are freely produced in
budding in late summer or by grafting in
H. violacea, syn. H. monophylla (Purple number of cultivars that flower mainly leaf axils. Z8–10 H10–8.
winter. See also feature panel p.118.
coral pea). Evergreen, woody-stemmed, from mid-summer to late fall. Daboecia H. ‘Carl Teschner’. See H. ‘Youngii’.
H. x intermedia ‘Aphrodite’ (illus. p.118)
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 12ft twining climber. H to 10ft (3m). Narrowly has 2 species, both of which are summer- H. carnosula. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
(4m) or more. Has oval, bright green oval leaves are 1–5in (2.5–12cm) long. flowering. The largest genus is Erica, which, H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
leaves. Bears masses of large, fragrant, Violet, occasionally pink or white, flowers, although broadly divided into 2 groups— Has small, oblong to oval, slightly convex,
spidery, golden-orange flowers, along bare with yellow blotches on upper petals, are winter- and summer-flowering species—has fleshy, glaucous leaves. Terminal clusters of
branches, in winter. ‘Arnold Promise’ borne in spring. Brownish pods, 11/4–11/2in some species also flowering in spring and many small, white flowers, with 4 pointed
(illus. p.118) has a spreading habit, bright (3–4cm) long, are produced in fall. Z12–15 fall. They vary in height from tree heaths, lobes, are borne in late spring or early
green leaves that turn to yellow in fall and H12–10. ‘Happy Wanderer’ illus. p.462. which may grow to 20ft (6m), to dwarf, summer. Z9–10 H10–8.
yellow flowers in mid- and late winter. prostrate plants that, if planted apart, soon H. cupressoides, illus. p.165. ‘Boughton
‘Barmstedt Gold’ (illus. p.118) has deep HATIORA spread to form a thick mat of groundcover. Dome’, illus. p.347.
golden-yellow flowers, with red-tinted Heathers prefer an open, sunny position H. ‘E.A. Bowles’, illus. p.157.
CACTACEAE and require rich, well-drained soil. Calluna H. ‘Eveline’, syn. H. ‘Gauntlettii’.
bases, and leaves that turn to yellow in fall.
‘Diane’ has deep red flowers from mid- to Genus of perennial, epiphytic cacti, grown and Daboecia dislike limestone and must Evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m).
late winter. Leaves turn yellow and red in for their short, jointed, cylindrical stems, be grown in acid soil; some species of Erica Has long spikes of small, 4-lobed, pink
fall. Z5–9 H9–1. ‘Jelena’ (illus. p.118) has each swollen at one end like a bottle. tolerate slightly alkaline soil but all are flowers, each with a purplish tube, amid
coppery-orange flowers from early to mid- Requires partial shade and very well- better grown in acid soils. Prune lightly rich green, oblong leaves from late summer
winter and bright orange or red leaves in drained soil. Keep damp in summer; after flowering each year to keep plants to late fall. Z10–11 H11–9.
fall. ‘Pallida’, syn. H. mollis ‘Pallida’ (illus. water a little in winter. Propagate by stem bushy and compact. Propagate species H. ‘Fairfieldii’. Evergreen, upright shrub.
p.118), S 10ft (3m), bears dense clusters of cuttings in spring or summer. by seed in spring or by softwood cuttings, H and S 2ft (60cm). Oval, toothed, glossy,
large, sulfur-yellow flowers. ‘Primavera’ H. clavata. See Rhipsalis gaertneri. division or layering in summer. Seed cannot bright green leaves are red-margined.
(illus. p.118) has yellow flowers in late H. gaertneri, syn. Rhipsalidopsis be relied onto come true. All cultivars Large, open panicles of small, 4-lobed, pale
winter and early spring. ‘Robert’ (illus. gaertneri, illus. p.487. should be vegetatively propagated. lilac flowers are produced in late spring
p.118) has orange-red flowers. ‘Vesna’ H. rosea, syn. Rhipsalidopsis rosea, Heathers are illustrated on p.166. and early summer. Z9–10 H10–9.
produces golden-yellow flowers flushed illus. p.485. H. x franciscana ‘Blue Gem’. Evergreen,
with red. Z5–9 H9–1. H. salicornioides, syn. Rhipsalis
HEBE spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m).
H. japonica (Japanese witch hazel). salicornioides (Drunkard’s dream). Has oblong, densely arranged, mid-green
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and Bushy, perennial, epiphytic cactus. H and SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE leaves. Dense spikes of small, 4-lobed,
S 12ft (4m). Broadly oval, glossy, mid-green S 1ft (30cm). Has freely branching stems, Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their violet-blue flowers are borne from mid-
leaves turn yellow in fall. Fragrant, yellow 11/4in (3cm) long, joints with expanded often dense spikes, panicles or racemes of summer until early winter. Z9–10 H10–9.
flowers, with crinkled petals, are produced tips and, in spring, terminal, bell-shaped, flowers and for their foliage. Grows well in H. ‘Gauntlettii’. See H. ‘Eveline’. 591
on bare branches from mid- to late winter. golden-yellow flowers. Z13–15 H12–10. coastal areas. Smaller species and cultivars H. ‘Great Orme’, illus. p.153.
www.ebook777.com
HEDERA
H. hulkeana. Evergreen, upright, open are produced, followed by globose, black, ‘Caenwoodiana’. See H. helix ‘Pedata’. shiny, mid-green leaves. Is often grown
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Oval, toothed, occasionally yellow, fruits. Ivies with green ‘Congesta’, H 11/2ft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm), as a “bush ivy”, as it bears distinctive,
glossy, dark green leaves have red margins. leaves are very shade tolerant and do well is a non-climbing, erect cultivar with spire- orange-yellow fruit, even on comparatively
Has masses of small, 4-lobed, pale lilac against a north-facing wall. Those with like shoots and small leaves; is suitable young plants. ‘Poetica’. See H. helix
flowers in large, open panicles in late variegated or yellow leaves prefer more for a rock garden. ‘Conglomerata’, f. poetarum. ‘Poetica Arborea’. See
spring and early summer. Z9–11 H12–10. light, are usually less hardy and may H and S 3ft (1m), has small, curly, unlobed H. helix f. poetarum. ‘Purpurea’. See
‘Lilac Hint’, illus. p.152. sustain frost and wind damage in severe leaves; will clamber over a low wall or H. helix ‘Atropurpurea’. ‘Sagittifolia’ of
H. ‘La Séduisante’, syn. H. ‘Ruddigore’, winters. All prefer well-drained, alkaline grow in a rock garden. ‘Cristata’. See gardens. See H. helix ‘Königers Auslese’.
H. speciosa ‘Ruddigore’. Evergreen, soil. Prune in spring to control height and H. helix ‘Parsley Crested’. ‘Curylocks’. ‘Telecurl’, H and S 3ft (1m), has twisted,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Oval, spread, and to remove any damaged See H. helix ‘Manda’s Crested’. light green leaves. ‘Triton’, H 11/2ft
glossy, deep green leaves are purple growth. Propagate in late summer by ‘Deltoidea’. See H. hibernica ‘Deltoidea’. (45cm), S 3ft (1m), is a non-climbing
beneath. Produces small, 4-lobed, deep softwood cuttings or rooted layers. Red ‘Digitata’. See H. hibernica ‘Digitata’. cultivar that has leaves with deeply
purplish-red flowers in large spikes from spider mite may be a problem when plants ‘Erecta’, H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m), is a incised lobes that resemble whips; makes
late summer to late fall. Z9–11 H12–9. are grown against a south-facing wall or non-climbing, erect cultivar similar to good groundcover. ‘Woeneri’, H 12ft
H. macrantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub. in dry conditions. T All parts of ivy may H.helix ‘Congesta’. Z5–11 H11–6. ‘Eva’, (4m), S 10ft (3m), is a vigorous cultivar
H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has oval, toothed, cause severe discomfort if ingested; contact H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), has small, gray- that has bluntly lobed, gray-green leaves,
fleshy, bright green leaves and produces with the sap may aggravate skin allergies green leaves with cream variegation; may with lighter colored veins, that turn
racemes of large, 4-lobed, pure white or irritate skin. suffer leaf damage in winter. ‘Glacier’, purple in winter.
flowers in early summer. May become H. algeriensis, syn. H. canariensis. Fast- illus. p.211. ‘Glymii’, H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft H. hibernica, syn. H. helix var. hibernica
bare at base. Z9–11 H12–9. growing, evergreen, self-clinging climber. (2m), has glossy, dark green leaves that (Irish ivy). Vigorous, evergreen climber.
H. ‘Midsummer Beauty’. Evergreen, H to 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). May be damaged turn deep purple in winter; is not suitable H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, mid-
rounded, open shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft in severe winters but soon recovers. Has for groundcover. ‘Goldchild’, syn. green leaves. Tends to escape cultivation
(1.5m). Long, narrow, glossy, bright green oval to triangular, unlobed, glossy, mid- H. helix ‘Gold Harald’, H 3ft (1m), has in temperate regions. Z6–11 H12–6.
leaves are reddish-purple beneath. Long green leaves and reddish-purple stems. small, 3–5-lobed, gray-green leaves with ‘Deltoidea’, syn. H. helix ‘Deltoidea’
spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac flowers that Is suitable for growing against a wall in broad, yellow margins. ‘Gold Harald’. (Sweetheart ivy), H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m),
fade to white are borne from mid-summer a sheltered area. Z6–11 H12–6. ‘Gloire de See H. helix ‘Goldchild’. ‘Goldheart’. See has heart-shaped leaves; is suitable only
to late fall. Z9–11 H12–9. Marengo’ has silver-variegated leaves. H. helix ‘Oro di Bogliasco’. ‘Gracilis’. for growing against a wall. ‘Digitata’,
H. ochracea. Evergreen, bushy, dense ‘Ravensholst’ is vigorous with large See H. hibernica ‘Gracilis’. ‘Green syn. H. helix ‘Digitata’ (Finger-leaved ivy),
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Slender shoots are leaves; makes good groundcover. Ripple’, H and S 4ft (1.2m), has mid-green H 20ft (6m), has large leaves; is not
densely covered with tiny, scalelike, ocher- H. canariensis of gardens. See leaves with prominent, light green veins; suitable for groundcover. ‘Gracilis’, syn.
tinged, olive-green leaves. Clusters of H. algeriensis. is good for groundcover or for growing H. helix ‘Gracilis’, H 15ft (5m), has sharply
small, 4-lobed, white flowers are borne in H. colchica (Colchis ivy, Persian ivy). against a low wall. ‘Hahn’s Self- lobed, dark green leaves that turn bronze-
late spring and early summer. Z8–10 H10–8. Evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing branching’. See H. helix ‘Pittsburgh’. purple in winter; is not suitable for
H. pinguifolia (Disk-leaved hebe). Z8–10 perennial. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has ‘Heise’, H 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm), has groundcover. ‘Lobata Major’, syn. H.
H10–8. ‘Pagei’ illus. p.337. large, oval, unlobed, dark green leaves. Is small, gray-green leaves with cream helix ‘Lobata Major’, H 15ft (5m), is
H. ‘Purple Queen’, illus. p.157. suitable for growing against a wall. Z6–11 variegation; is suitable as groundcover vigorous with large, 3-lobed leaves.
H. rakaiensis. Evergreen, rounded, H12–1. ‘Dentata’ is more vigorous and for a small, sheltered area. var. ‘Sulphurea’, H and S 10ft (3m), has
compact shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). has large, light green leaves that droop, hibernica. See H. hibernica. ‘Ivalace’, medium-sized leaves with sulfur-yellow
Produces small, dense spikes of 4-lobed, hence its common name. Is good when H 3ft (1m), S 4ft (1.2m), has curled and variegation; is suitable for growing
H white flowers amid small, oblong, mid- grown against a wall or for groundcover. crimped, glossy leaves; is good for against a wall or for groundcover, and as
green leaves from early to mid-summer. ‘Dentata Variegata’, H 15ft (5m), has groundcover and for growing against a foil for brightly colored plants.
Z8–10 H10–8. variegated, cream-yellow leaves; is useful a low wall. ‘Jubiläum Goldherz’. See H. nepalensis (Nepalese ivy). Evergreen,
H. recurva, illus. p.151. to brighten a shady corner. ‘Paddy’s H. helix ‘Oro di Bogliasco’. ‘Jubilee self-clinging climber. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft
H. ‘Ruddigore’. See H. ‘La Séduisante’. Pride’. See H. colchica ‘Sulphur Heart’. Goldheart’. See H. helix ‘Oro di (2.5m). Young growth may suffer damage
H. salicifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub. ‘Sulphur Heart’, syn. H. colchica ‘Paddy’s Bogliasco’. ‘Königers Auslese’, syn. from late frosts. Has oval to triangular,
H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has long, narrow, Pride’ illus. p.211. H. helix ‘Sagittifolia’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft toothed, olive-green leaves and is suitable
pointed, pale green leaves and, in summer, H. cypria, syn. H. pastuchovii var. cypria. (1m), has finger-like, deeply cut leaves; only for growing against a sheltered wall.
produces slender spikes of small, 4-lobed, Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging climber. is not suitable for groundcover. ‘Little Z8–11 H12–1. ‘Suzanne’, H 6ft (2m), has
white or pale lilac flowers. Z8–10 H10–8. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped, Diamond’, is slow-growing and has 5-lobed leaves with backward-pointing
H. speciosa ‘Ruddigore’. See H. ‘La glossy, dark green leaves with prominent, entire, diamond-shaped, gray-green basal lobes.
Séduisante’. gray-green veins. Should be grown only leaves, variegated creamy-white. ‘Lobata H. pastuchovii. Moderately vigorous,
H. ‘Tom Marshall’. See H. canterburiensis. against a wall. Z5–11 H12–6. Major’. See H. hibernica ‘Lobata Major’. evergreen, self-clinging climber. H 8ft
H. vernicosa, illus. p.337. H. helix (English ivy). Vigorous, ‘Manda’s Crested’, syn. H. helix (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped,
H. ‘White Gem’, syn. H. brachysiphon evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing ‘Curylocks’, H and S 6ft (2m), has wavy- glossy, dark green leaves. Should be
‘White Gem’, illus. p.149. perennial. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has edged, mid-green leaves that turn a grown only against a wall. Z6–11 H12–6.
H. ‘Youngii’, syn. H. ‘Carl Teschner’. 5-lobed, dark green leaves. Makes good coppery shade in winter. ‘Merion var. cypria. See H. cypria.
Evergreen, prostrate, becoming dome- wall cover, but can be invasive if used for Beauty’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), H. rhombea (Japanese ivy). Evergreen,
shaped, shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm) groundcover. For a small garden, the more delicately lobed leaves; is not suitable self-clinging climber. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
or more. Blackish-brown stems are covered decorative cultivars are preferable. Z5–11 for groundcover. ‘Nigra’, H and S 4ft Has small, fairly thick, diamond-shaped,
in small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. H12–6. ‘Adam’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), (1.2m), has small, very dark green leaves unlobed, mid-green leaves. Is suitable for
Bears short racemes of tiny, 4-lobed, white- has small, light green leaves variegated- that turn purple-black in winter. ‘Oro growing only against a low wall. Z6–11
throated, purple flowers in summer. Is yellow; may suffer leaf damage in winter, di Bogliasco’, syn. H. helix ‘Goldheart’, H12–6. ‘Variegata’ has leaves with
excellent as a border plant. Z8–9 H9–8. but will recover. ‘Angularis Aurea’, H. helix ‘Jubiläum Goldherz’, H. helix narrow, white margins.
H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m), has glossy, light ‘Jubilee Goldheart’, illus. p.211. ‘Parsley
Crested’, syn. H. helix ‘Cristata’, H 6ft
HEDERA green leaves, with bright yellow
HEDYCHIUM
variegation; is not suitable as groundcover. (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), has light green leaves,
Ivy Garland flower, Ginger lily
‘Anna Marie’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (1m), has crested at margins; is not suitable for
ARALIACEAE light green leaves with cream variegation, groundcover. ‘Pedata’, syn. H. helix ZINGIBERACEAE
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, mostly at margins; may suffer leaf damage ‘Caenwoodiana’ (Bird’s-foot ivy), H 12ft Genus of perennials with sturdy, fleshy
trailing perennials and self-clinging in winter. ‘Atropurpurea’, syn. H. helix (4m), S 10ft (3m), has gray-green leaves rhizomes. Fragrant, showy flowers are
climbers with adventitious rootlets, used ‘Purpurea’, H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m), has shaped like a bird’s foot; is not suitable short-lived, but borne profusely. Grow
for covering walls and fences and as dark green leaves that turn deep purple in for groundcover. ‘Pittsburgh’, syn. in sheltered borders and conservatories.
groundcover. Takes a year or so to become winter. var. baltica, syn. H. helix ‘Baltica’, H. helix ‘Hahn’s Self-branching’, H 3ft Requires sun and rich, moist soil.
established, but thereafter growth is rapid. an exceptionally hardy cultivar, has small (1m), S 4ft (1.2m), has mid-green leaves; Propagate by division in spring; should not
On the ground and while climbing, mostly leaves and makes good groundcover in an is suitable for growing against a low wall be divided when dormant. See also feature
bears roughly triangular, usually lobed exposed area. ‘Baltica’. See H. helix var. and for groundcover. f. poetarum, syn. panel p.477.
leaves. Given extra height and access to baltica. ‘Buttercup’, H 6ft (2m), S 8ft H. helix ‘Poetica’, H. helix ‘Poetica H. coccineum (Red ginger lily, Scarlet
592 light, leaves become less lobed and, in fall, (2.5m), has light green leaves that turn rich Arborea’ (Italian ivy, Poet’s ivy), H 10ft ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous
umbels of small, yellowish-green flowers butter-yellow in full sun. Z5–11 H11–6. (3m), is slow-growing with large, 5-lobed, perennial. H and S to 6ft (2m). Has long-
HELIANTHUS
stalked, narrowly lance-shaped, grayish- leaves. In late summer bears sprays of dark (50cm). Bears sprays of daisylike, orange-
green leaves. Bears spikes of short-lived, HEDYOTIS brown-red flower heads. Z4–8 H8–1. yellow flower heads in late summer–fall.
orange to red flowers, each with a 2-lobed Bluets H. ‘Feuersiegel’, illus. p.248. Clump- Foliage is dark green. Needs regular
lip, in summer. Is very variable, with many RUBIACEAE forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in division in spring or fall. Z4–8 H8–1.
named forms, some of which are frost (100cm) or more, S 18in (45cm). Has lance-
Genus of mat-forming, summer-flowering
shaped, mid-green leaves. In mid- to late
hardy. Z8–10 H10–8.
perennials. Prefers shade and moist, sandy
summer produces sprays of rich yellow
HELIANTHEMUM
H. coronarium (Garland flower, White
leaf mold. Propagate by division in spring Rock rose, Sun rose
ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous flower heads with horizontally held ray
or by seed in fall. CISTACEAE
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). florets, marked with an irregular, orange-
H. michauxii, syn. Houstonia serpyllifolia,
Produces dense spikes of very fragrant, red band, and central, soft brown discs. Genus of evergreen, spring- to fall-
illus. p.369.
butterfly-like, white flowers with basal, Z4–8 H8–1. flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown
yellow blotches in mid-summer. Lance- H. ‘Indianersommer’, illus. p.248. for their flowers. Is useful for rock gardens
shaped, mid-green leaves are downy HEDYSARUM Clump-forming, erect, bushy perennial. and dry banks. Needs full sun and well-
beneath. Z7–11 H12–6. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE H to 36in (100cm) or more, S 18in (45cm). drained soil. Cut back lightly after
H. densiflorum, illus. p.477. Clump- Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
Genus of perennials, biennials and
forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 4–6ft mid- to late summer bears sprays of dark in early summer.
deciduous subshrubs. Prefers sun and well-
(1.2–2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears a profusion brownish-red flower heads, aging to H. ‘Amy Baring’. Evergreen, spreading
drained soil. Roots resent being disturbed.
of short-lived, fragrant, orange or yellow orange and yellow, and central, greenish- shrub. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 24in (60cm).
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
flowers in dense spikes in late summer. brown discs. Z4–8 H8–1. Small, oblong, light gray leaves are hairy
H. coronarium, illus. p.235.
Broadly lance-shaped leaves are glossy, H. ‘Moerheim Beauty’, illus. p.254. beneath. In summer bears a succession
mid-green. Z8–11 H11–8. Heeria. See Heterocentron. H. PIPSQUEAK (‘Blopip’). Clump-forming, of saucer-shaped, orange-centered, deep
H. flavescens. Upright, rhizomatous Heimerliodendron brunonianum. See compact, bushy perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), yellow flowers in loose, terminal clusters.
perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), S 3ft (1m). Lance- Pisonia umbellifera. S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green Z6–8 H8–6.
shaped, mid-green leaves are softly hairy. leaves. In mid- to late summer produces H. apenninum, illus. p.336.
sprays of shuttlecock-shaped, yellow flower H. ‘Ben Hope’. Evergreen, domed shrub.
Produces spikes of short-lived, very HELENIUM heads with short, reflexed ray florets and H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears
fragrant, pale to lemon-yellow flowers, Sneezeweed
each with a 2-lobed lip, in late fall. Is good large, central, rich brown discs. Z4–8 H8–1. small, linear, gray-green leaves and saucer-
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE H. ‘Potter’s Wheel’, illus. p.248. Clump- shaped, carmine-red flowers in mid-
in a tub. Z9–11 H12–8.
H. gardnerianum, illus. p.476. Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
H. gracile. Arching, rhizomatous perennials, grown for their daisylike flower (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H. ‘Ben More’, illus. p.345.
heads, each with a prominent, central disc. mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to fall H. ‘Ben Nevis’. Evergreen, hummock-
Needs full sun and well-drained soil. bears sprays of dark red flower heads with forming, compact shrub. H and S 6–9in
In summer, thin stems bear short-lived,
Propagate by division in spring or fall. gold-edged ray florets and central, brown (15–23cm). Has small, linear, dark green
sometimes fragrant, white flowers, each
with a narrow, 2-lobed lip, narrow sepals T All parts may cause severe discomfort if discs. Z4–8 H8–1. leaves and, in mid-summer, saucer-shaped,
ingested; contact with foliage may H. ‘Red Army’, illus. p.248. Clump- orange flowers with bronze centers. Z6–8
and red stamens. Has lance-shaped, mid-
aggravate skin allergies. See also feature forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in H8–6.
green leaves. Requires staking. Is good in
panel p.248. (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H. ‘Fire Dragon’, illus. p.340.
a raised container or on a bank. Z8–10
H. ‘Biedermeier’. Clump-forming, erect, mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to H. ‘Golden Queen’. Evergreen, domed,
H10–7.
bushy perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 18in mid-fall produces sprays of reddish-orange compact shrub. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
H. horsfieldii, syn. Brachychilum
horsfieldii. Clump-forming, tufted (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. flower heads, intensifying in color as they Saucer-shaped, golden-yellow flowers are H
In late summer, erect stems bear sprays of age to dark red, with central, dark brown produced amid small, linear, dark green
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has short-
yellow-tipped, red flower heads with a discs. Z4–8 H8–1. leaves in mid-summer. Z6–8 H8–6.
stalked, lance-shaped, leathery leaves.
central, dark brown disc. The ray florets H. ‘Riverton Gem’. Erect, bushy H. guttatum. See Tuberaria guttata.
Produces showy, tubular, yellow-and-
become reflexed with age. Z4–8 H8–1. perennial. H 41/2ft (1.4m), S 3ft (1m). Has H. ‘Jubilee’. Evergreen, domed, compact
white flowers, in summer, followed by
H. ‘Blopip’. See H. PIPSQUEAK. sprays of red-and-gold flower heads in late shrub. H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 9–12in
orange fruits that open to reveal red
H. ‘Bressingham Gold’. Erect, bushy summer–fall. Stems are clothed in lance- (23–30cm). Has small, linear, dark green
seeds. Z10–12 H12–9.
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Sturdy shaped leaves. Z4–8 H8–1. leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, double, pale
H. maximum, illus. p.477. Upright,
stems are clothed in lance-shaped, mid- H. ‘Rubinzwerg’, illus. p.248. Clump- yellow flowers from spring to late summer.
rhizomatous perennial. H 6–10ft (2–3m),
green leaves. Produces sprays of bright forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 39in Z6–8 H8–6.
S 3ft (1m). Has large, thick stems bearing
yellow flower heads in late summer–fall. (100cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, H. oelandicum subsp. alpestre.
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short- mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to fall Evergreen, open, twiggy shrub. H 3–5in
Z4–8 H8–1.
lived, fragrant, pale yellow flowers, with bears sprays of rich red flower heads with (7–12cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. Produces
H. ‘Bruno’, illus. p.248. Erect, bushy
golden centers and 2-lobed lip, are reflexed ray florets and central, dark brown terminal clusters of 3–6 saucer-shaped,
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm).
produced in fall. Z8–11 H11–8. discs. Z4–8 H8–1. bright yellow flowers from early to mid-
Sprays of deep bronze-red flower heads
H. x moorei ‘Tara’, illus. p.220. H. ‘Sahin’s Early Flowerer’. Clump- summer. Leaves are tiny, oblong and mid-
are borne in late summer–fall. Sturdy stems
H. stenopetalum, illus. p.477. Upright, forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in green. Is suitable for growing in a trough.
are clothed in lance-shaped leaves. Z4–8
rhizomatous perennial. H 10–13ft (3–4m), H8–1. (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, Z6–8 H8–6.
S 3ft (1m) or more. Has very large, thick H. ‘Butterpat’, illus. p.248. Compact mid-green leaves. From mid-summer until H. ‘Raspberry Ripple’. Evergreen,
stems bearing lance-shaped, deep green perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has the first frosts produces large, bright spreading shrub. H 6–9in (15–23cm),
leaves that are hairy beneath. Short-lived, sturdy stems clothed in lance-shaped leaves. reddish-orange flower heads with long ray S 9–12in (23–30cm). Saucer-shaped, red-
white flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip, are Bears sprays of rich deep yellow flower florets, aging to orange and warm yellow, centered, white flowers are borne in mid-
borne in a spike in late summer and fall. heads in late summer–fall. Z4–8 H8–1. and central, brown discs. Z4–8 H8–1. summer. Has small, linear, gray-green
Is prone to wind damage. Z9–11 H11–8. H. ‘Coppelia’. Clump-forming, erect, H. ‘The Bishop’. Clump-forming, erect, leaves. Z6–8 H8–6.
H. thyrsiforme, illus. p.477. Upright, bushy perennial. H to 32in (80cm), S 18in bushy perennial. H to 36in (90cm), S 18in H. ‘Rhodanthe Carneum’, syn.
rhizomatous perennial. H 3–6ft (1–2m), (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green H. ‘Wisley Pink’, illus. p.338.
S 20in (50cm). Broadly lance-shaped leaves leaves. In mid– to late summer bears sprays leaves. From mid-summer to fall produces H. umbellatum. See Halimium
are dark green. Small, short-lived, white of deep reddish-orange flower heads, sprays of yellow flower heads with reflexed umbellatum.
flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip and very which fade with age, with central, brown ray florets and large, central, brown discs. H. ‘Wisley Pink’. See H. ‘Rhodanthe
long stamens, are borne in fall–winter. discs. Z4–8 H8–1. Z4–8 H8–1. Carneum’.
Flower spike is wider than tall, which H. ‘Double Trouble’, illus. p.248. Clump- H. ‘Waltraut’, illus. p.248. Clump- H. ‘Wisley Primrose’, illus. p.344.
distinguishes it from other species. Z8–11 forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in H. ‘Wisley White’, illus. p.337.
H11–7. (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
H. yunnanense, illus. p.477. Upright,
rhizomatous perennial. H 20–32in
mid-green leaves. In mid- to late summer mid-green leaves. From late summer
HELIANTHUS
produces sprays of double, bright yellow produces sprays of copper-orange and
Sunflower
(50–80cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly flower heads with twin layers of ray florets, yellow flower heads that intensify in color
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short- held horizontally. Z4–8 H8–1. as they age; the central disc is brown. Z4–8 COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
lived, fragrant, cream and white flowers, H. ‘Dunkelpracht’. Clump-forming, H8–1. Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
each with a 2-lobed lip, are produced in erect, bushy perennial. H to 3ft (1m), H. ‘Wyndley’. Bushy perennial with annuals and perennials, grown for their 593
summer. Z9–11 H11–8. S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green branching stems. H 30in (80cm), S 20in large, daisylike, usually yellow flower
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HELICHRYSUM
heads. May be invasive. All need sun and open into daisylike, white flower heads H. helianthoides ‘Incomparabilis’ H. corsicus. See H. argutifolius.
well-drained soil; some prefer moist with red-backed petals; they close in dull Upright perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft H. cyclophyllus, illus. p.283.
conditions. Needs staking. Propagate or wet weather. Has basal rosettes of oval, (60cm). Bears daisylike, single, orange H. x ericsmithii. ‘Bob’s Best’ illus. p.255.
by seed or division in fall or spring. hairy, silver leaves. Prefers very gritty soil. flower heads in late summer. Leaves are IVORY PRINCE (‘Walhelivor’) illus. p.256.
T Contact with the foliage may aggravate Dislikes winter wet. Propagate in spring narrowly oval, coarsely toothed and mid- H. foetidus, illus. p.283. Wester Flisk
skin allergies. by rooting single rosettes. Z7–10 H10–7. green. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Patula’ bears flattish, Group illus. p.283.
H. annuus (Sunflower). Fast-growing, H. petiolare, syn. H. petiolatum (Licorice semidouble, orange-yellow flower heads. H. x hybridus (Lenten rose). Evergreen,
erect annual. H 3–10ft (1–3m) or more, plant). Evergreen shrub. H 20in (50cm), S 6ft Z4–9 H9–1. subsp. scabra, syn. H. scabra clump-forming perennial. H and S 18in
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has oval, serrated, (2m). Forms mounds of silver-green shoots has very rough stems and leaves and (45cm). Has dense, divided foliage, above
mid-green leaves. Daisylike, brown- or and oval to heart-shaped, gray-felted double, orange-yellow flower heads. which rise nodding, cup-shaped, white,
purplish-centered, yellow flower heads, leaves. Has daisylike, creamy-yellow flower subsp. scabra ‘Light of Loddon’, syn. pink or purple flowers, sometimes darker
12in (30cm) or more wide, are produced heads in summer. Is often grown as an H. ‘Light of Loddon’ illus. p.220. spotted, in winter or early spring. Z6–9
in summer. Tall, intermediate and dwarf annual for groundcover and edging. Z11–15 H. ‘Light of Loddon’. See H. H9–6. There is a range of single and
cultivars are available. H12–1. ‘Music H12–10. ‘Limelight’ has lime-yellow helianthoides subsp. scabra‘ Light of double-flowered cultivars available in
Box’, illus. p.322. ‘Russian Giant’ (tall) , leaves. Z10–11 H12–1. ‘Variegatum’ illus. Loddon’. various colors, including the following:
H 10ft (3m) or more, produces yellow p.165. H. scabra. See H. helianthoides subsp. double, plum; double, slate; double,
flower heads with green-brown centers. H. petiolatum of gardens. See scabra. white; double, white with spots; single,
‘Teddy Bear’, illus. p.322. H. petiolare. apricot; single, green; single, red; single,
Heliosperma alpestre. See Silene
H. debilis subsp. cucumerifolius H. rosmarinifolium. See Ozothamnus white with spots; single, yellow; single,
alpestris.
‘Italian White’. Erect perennial. H 4ft rosmarinifolius. yellow with spots (all illus. p.281).
(1.2m), S 11/2 –2ft (45–60cm). In summer has H. ‘Schwefellicht’, syn. H. ‘Sulphur Ashwood Garden hybrids (double,
large, black-centered, creamy-white flower Light’, illus. p.275. HELIOTROPIUM black; double, pink; both illus. p.281).
heads. Purple-mottled stems bear coarsely H. selago. See Ozothamnus selago. Heliotrope Bradfield hybrids (double, apricot with
hairy, sharply toothed, glossy, mid-green H. serotinum. See H. italicum subsp. BORAGINACEAE spots, illus. p. 281). Harvington hybrids
leaves. H12–1. serotinum. (double, apricot; single, white; both
Genus of annuals, evergreen subshrubs
H. ‘Lemon Queen’, illus. p.222. H. splendidum. Evergreen, bushy, dense illus. p.281).
and shrubs, grown for their fragrant
H. ‘Monarch’. Erect perennial. H 7ft shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Woolly, white
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well- H. lividus. Evergreen, clump-forming
(2.2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears terminal, daisylike, shoots are clothed in small, oblong, silvery-
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
drained soil. Water container plants freely
semidouble, golden-yellow flower heads on gray leaves. Small, oblong, bright yellow
when in full growth, moderately at other 3-parted, mid-green leaves, marbled
branching stems in late summer. Has lance- flower heads are produced in clusters
times. In spring, tip prune young plants to pale green, purplish-green below, with
shaped, coarse, mid-green leaves. Replant from mid-summer to fall or sometimes
promote a bushy habit and cut leggy, older obliquely oval, slightly toothed or entire
each spring to keep in check. Z5–9 H9–3. into winter. Z9–11 H12–9.
plants back hard. Propagate by seed in leaflets. Produces large clusters of cup-
H. x multiflorus. Upright perennial. H. ‘Sulphur Light’. See
spring, by greenwood cuttings in summer shaped, purple-suffused, yellow-green
H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has large, yellow H. ‘Schwefellicht’.
or by semiripe cuttings in early fall. flowers in late winter. Z8–9 H9–8. subsp.
flower heads, with double centers
H. arborescens, syn. H. peruvianum, illus. corsicus. See H. argutifolius.
surrounded by larger, rayed segments,
HELICONIA p.310. H. niger (Christmas rose). Evergreen,
in late summer and early fall. Leaves are
HELICONIACEAE/MUSACEAE H. peruvianum. See H. arborescens. clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
lance-shaped, coarse and mid-green. Z5–9
(30cm). Has divided, deep green leaves
H9–5. ‘Capenoch Star’, H 4ft (1.2m), has Genus of tufted perennials, evergreen in Helipterum manglesii. See Rhodanthe
H lemon-yellow flower heads. ‘Loddon warm climates, grown for their spikes manglesii.
and cup-shaped, nodding, white flowers,
with golden stamens, borne in winter or
Gold’ illus. p.222. of colorful flowers and for the attractive Helipterum roseum. See Rhodanthe
early spring. Z4–8 H9–1. ‘HGC Josef
H. orgyalis. See H. salicifolius. foliage on younger plants. Needs partial chlorocephala subsp. rosea.
Lemper’ illus. p.281. ‘Potter’s Wheel’
H. salicifolius, syn. H. orgyalis, illus. shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
illus. p.281.
p.222. generously in growing season, very
sparingly when plants die down in winter.
HELLEBORUS H. x nigercors, illus. p.281.
Propagate by seed or division of rootstock Hellebore H. odorus, illus. p.283.
HELICHRYSUM in spring. RANUNCULACEAE H. orientalis subsp. abchasicus Early
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE H. metallica. Tufted perennial. H to 10ft Purple Group, syn. H. atrorubens.
Genus of perennials, some of which are
(3m), S 3ft (1m). Oblong, long-stalked Clump-forming perennial. H and S 1ft
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering evergreen, grown for their winter and
leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are velvety-green (30cm). Shallowly cup-shaped, deep purple
perennials, annuals and evergreen spring flowers. Most deciduous species
above with paler veins, sometimes purple flowers are borne in late winter. Has
subshrubs and shrubs. When dried, flower retain their old leaves over winter. These
heads are “everlasting”. Needs sun and below. In summer, mature plants bear erect palmate, deeply divided, toothed, glossy,
should be cut off in early spring as flower
well-drained soil. Propagate shrubs and stems with tubular, glossy, greenish-white- dark green leaves. Z4–8 H8–3.
buds develop. Is excellent in woodlands.
subshrubs by heel or semiripe cuttings in tipped, red flowers enclosed in narrow, H. purpurascens, illus. p.260.
Prefers partial shade and moist but well-
summer, perennials by division or seed boat-shaped, green bracts. Z12–14 H12–10. H. x sternii, illus. p.262. ‘Boughton
drained soil. Propagate by seed when
in spring, annuals by seed in spring. H. psittacorum, illus. p.478. Beauty’ illus. p.283.
fresh or by division in fall or very early
H. angustifolium. See H. italicum. H. thibetanus, illus. p.256.
spring. Is prone to aphid attack in early
H. viridis (Green hellebore). Deciduous,
H. bellidioides. See Anaphalioides HELICTOTRICHON summer. T All parts may cause severe
bellidioides. discomfort if ingested, and the sap may clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
Blue oat grass (30cm). Has divided, dark green leaves and
H. coralloides. See Ozothamnus irritate skin on contact. See also feature
coralloides. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE panel p.281. cup-shaped, green flowers in late winter or
H. italicum, syn. H. angustifolium (Curry See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES H. argutifolius, syn. H. corsicus, H. early spring. Z6–9 H9–6.
plant). Evergreen, bushy subshrub. H 2ft and SEDGES. lividus subsp. corsicus (Corsican hellebore).
(60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has linear, aromatic, H. sempervirens, syn. Avena candida, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. HELONIAS
silvery-gray leaves. Broad clusters of small, Avena sempervirens, illus. p.288. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has divided,
LILIACEAE/MELIANTHACEAE
oblong, bright yellow flower heads are spiny, dark green leaves. Cup-shaped, pale
produced on long, upright, white shoots in Genus of one species of spring-flowering
HELIOPSIS green flowers are borne in large clusters in
perennial. Is excellent when grown in
summer. Dislikes winter wet and cold winter–spring. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Pacific Frost’,
climates. Z7–11 H12–1. subsp. serotinum, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE illus. p.262. ‘Silver Lace’, illus. p.262. bog gardens. Requires an open,
syn. H. serotinum (Curry plant) is dome- Genus of summer-flowering perennials. H. atrorubens of gardens. See H. sunny position and moist to wet soil.
shaped; stems and oval leaves are densely Requires sun and well-drained soil. orientalis subsp. abchasicusEarly Purple Propagate by division in spring or by
felted with white hairs. Z7–10 H10–7. Propagate by seed or division in fall or Group. seed in fall.
H. ledifolium. See Ozothamnus ledifolius. spring. H. x ballardiae ‘December Dawn’. H. bullata (Swamp pink). Rosetted, clump-
H. marginatum of gardens. See H. H. ‘Ballet Dancer’. Upright perennial. Clump-forming perennial with deep bluish- forming perennial. H 15–18in (38–45cm),
milfordiae. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Flowers green leaves. H to 14in (35cm), S 12in S 12in (30cm). Produces rosettes of strap-
H. milfordiae, syn. H. marginatum. freely in late summer, bearing double, (30cm). From mid-winter to early spring shaped, fresh green leaves, above which
Evergreen, mat-forming, dense subshrub. yellow flower heads with frilled petals. bears saucer-shaped, white flowers, flushed dense racemes of small, fragrant, star-
594 H 2in (5cm), S 9in (23cm). On sunny days Dark green leaves are coarse and serrated. pinkish-purple, maturing to a dull metallic shaped, pinkish-purple flowers are borne
in early summer, large, conical, red buds Z4–9 H9–1. purple. Z6–9 H9–6. in spring. Z5–9 H9–5.
HEMEROCALLIS
reddish-black flowers, with green throats, (60cm). Funnel-shaped flowers, with green shaped, golden-yellow flowers, with a
HELONIOPSIS from mid-summer to early fall. Z3–10 throats, are produced from mid-summer to brown reverse, lasting only a day, from
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE H11–2. early fall. early to mid-summer. Z3–10 H11–2.
H. ‘Bonanza’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, H. citrina, illus. p.245. Vigorous, coarse- H. ‘Golden Prize’. Vigorous, deciduous,
Genus of spring-flowering, rosette-forming
deciduous or semievergreen, clump- leaved, clump-forming perennial. H and clump-forming perennial. H 26–28in
perennials. Needs partial shade and moist
forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 28in S 21/2ft (75cm). Many large, very fragrant, (65–70cm), S 16–20in (40–50cm). Produces
soil. Propagate by division in fall or by seed
(70cm). Produces open, star-like, bright trumpet-shaped, rich lemon-yellow flowers large, rounded, golden-yellow flowers in
in fall or spring.
yellow flowers, with strongly red-marked are produced at night in mid-summer; each mid- and late summer. Z3–10 H12–2.
H. orientalis, illus. p.256.
centers, in mid-summer. Z3–10 H11–2. lasts one day. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Grape Velvet’. Deciduous, clump-
H. ‘Brocaded Gown’. Semievergreen, H. ‘Corky’. Clump-forming perennial. forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in
HELWINGIA clump-forming perennial. H and S to 2ft H and S 18in (45cm). Bears trumpet- (60cm). From early to late summer
HELWINGIACEAE (60cm). In summer has rounded, ruffled, shaped, lemon-yellow flowers, brown on produces funnel-shaped flowers, each with
creamy-yellow flowers. Z3–10 H12–2. outsides, in late spring and early summer. rather pointed, deep wine-red petals, a
Genus of deciduous shrubs, bearing
H. ‘Burning Daylight’, illus. p.245. Flowers, borne prolifically, last only a day. central, paler stripe and a yellow-green
flowers and showy fruits directly on leaf
Robust, deciduous or semievergreen, Z3–10 H11–2. throat. Z3–10 H12–2.
surfaces, grown mainly for botanical
clump-forming perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), H. ‘Cream Drop’, illus. p.245. Robust, H. ‘Green Flutter’, illus. p.245.
interest. Requires separate male and female
S 2ft (60cm). Produces orange-brown deciduous or semievergreen, clump- Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
plants in order to produce fruits. Needs sun
flowers, with paler midribs and red marks forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm). Produces
or partial shade and moist soil. Propagate
around throat bases, over a long period (45cm). In mid-summer produces masses of star-shaped, ruffled, canary-
by softwood cuttings in summer.
in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. numerous, scented, well-formed, creamy- yellow flowers, with bright green throats,
H. japonica. Deciduous, bushy, open
H. ‘Canadian Border Patrol’, illus. yellow flowers, with slightly ruffled in late summer and early fall. Z3–10 H11–2.
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oval, bright
p.244. Vigorous, semievergreen, clump- margins. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Happy Returns’. Deciduous, clump-
green leaves have bristly teeth. In early
forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), S 24in H. ‘Crimson Pirate’. Vigorous, forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 24in
summer has tiny, star-shaped, green
(60cm). Produces masses of funnel-shaped, deciduous, clump-forming perennial. (60cm). Bears small, fragrant, rounded
flowers at center of each leaf, followed by
cream flowers, with purple throats, from H 30in (75cm), S 20in (50cm). Produces flowers from early to late summer. Z3–10
spherical, black fruits. Z4–9 H9–4.
mid-summer to early fall. Z3–10 H11–2. open, star-shaped, bright crimson-red H12–2.
Helxine soleirolii. See Soleirolia H. ‘Cartwheels’, illus. p.245. Deciduous, flowers, with paler midribs, in mid- and H. ‘Helle Berlinerin’. Evergreen, clump-
soleirolii. clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), late summer. Z3–10 H12–2. forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 32in
S 24in (60cm). In mid-summer has trumpet- H. ‘Custard Candy’. Vigorous, (80cm). Has rounded flowers, with a faint
shaped, broad, deep yellow to orange deciduous, clump-forming perennial. apricot blush and yellow throats, borne
HEMEROCALLIS flowers, with small, green throats and H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In early and on unusually strong stems in mid-summer.
Daylily widely spreading petals. Z3–10 H11–2. mid-summer produces an abundance of Z3–10 H12–2.
LILIACEAE/HEMEROCALLIDACEAE H. ‘Cathy’s Sunset’, illus. p.245. rounded, creamy-yellow flowers, each with H. ‘Hyperion’. Clump-forming perennial.
Genus of perennials, some of which are Deciduous, clump-forming perennial. a feathered band around greenish-yellow H and S 3ft (90cm). In mid-summer has
semievergreen or evergreen. Flowers, H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). From mid- eye. Z3–10 H12–2. very fragrant, lily-like, pale lemon-yellow
borne in succession, each last for only a summer to early fall bears small, funnel- H. dumortieri, illus. p.245. Compact, flowers. Z3–10 H12–2.
day. Prefers full sun and fertile, moist soil. shaped flowers each with 3 yellow-striped, clump-forming perennial. H 11/2ft (45cm), H. ‘Joan Senior’, illus. p.244. Vigorous,
Propagate by division in fall or spring. brick-red, inner petals and 3 yellow, outer S 2ft (60cm). In early summer produces semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
Cultivars raised from seed will not come petals. Z3–10 H11–2. fragrant, trumpet-shaped, brown-backed, H 25in (63cm), S 3ft (1m). Open trumpet-
true to type; species may come true if H. ‘Cat’s Cradle’. Semievergreen, clump- golden-yellow flowers. Mid-green leaves shaped, almost pure white flowers are H
grown in isolation from other daylilies. forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft are strap-shaped, stiff and coarse. Z3–10 produced on well-branched stems from
Slug and snail control is essential in early (75cm). In summer produces large, spider- H11–2. mid- to late summer. Z3–10 H11–2.
spring when young foliage appears. See shaped, bright yellow flowers. Z3–10 H. ‘Ed Murray’. Vigorous, free-flowering, H. ‘Jolyene Nichole’. Semievergreen,
also feature panel pp.244–5. H12–2. deciduous or semievergreen, clump- clump-forming perennial. H and S 20in
H. ‘Always Afternoon’, illus. p.244. H. ‘Cherry Cheeks’, illus. p.244. forming perennial. H 26–28in (65–70cm), (50cm). Bears rounded, ruffled, rose-pink
Robust, semievergreen, clump-forming Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen, S 20in (50cm). Has rounded, ruffled, deep flowers amid lush, blue-green leaves.
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S to 30in (75cm). clump-forming perennial. H 32in (80cm), maroon-red flowers, with yellowish-green Z3–10 H11–2.
In summer and again in fall produces S 20in (50cm). Produces bright cherry-red throats, in early and mid-summer. Z3–10 H. ‘Lady Fingers’. Semievergreen,
rounded, slightly ruffled, lavender-mauve flowers, with white midribs, over a long H12–2. clump-forming perennial with narrow
flowers, each with a dark purple band period in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Eenie Weenie’. Clump-forming leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 30in (75cm). In mid-
above yellow-green throat. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Chicago Apache’. Very vigorous, perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has masses summer bears spider-shaped, pale yellow-
H. ‘Arctic Snow’. Deciduous, clump- deciduous, clump-forming perennial. of clear yellow flowers in early summer. green flowers with green throats and
forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 20in H 26in (65cm), S 20in (50cm). Funnel- Z3–10 H12–2. spoon-shaped petals. Z3–10 H12–2.
(50cm). Produces huge, funnel-shaped, shaped, ruffled, rich scarlet flowers, with H. flava. See H. lilioasphodelus. H. ‘Lark Song’. Vigorous, deciduous,
ivory-white flowers, with green throats and white midribs, lemon-green throats and H. ‘Frans Hals’, illus. p.245. Strong- clump-forming perennial. H 32–36in
black anthers, from mid-summer to early black anthers, are borne above prolific growing, free-flowering, deciduous, clump- (80–90cm), S 24in (60cm). Has fragrant,
fall. Z3–10 H12–2. leaves in summer. Is very adaptable. Z3–10 forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 16in open bowl-shaped, bright pale yellow
H. aurantiaca. Robust, semievergreen H12–2. (40cm). In mid- and late summer bears flowers, on blackish stems, in mid- and late
perennial, spreading freely from H. ‘Chicago Sunrise’, illus. p.245. open, star-shaped flowers, with yellow summer. Z3–10 H12–2.
underground runners. H 3ft (90cm), S 3ft Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 28in outer petals and three cinnamon-red inner H. ‘Lemon Bells’, illus. p.245. Evergreen,
(1m) or more. Produces numerous funnel- (70cm), S 34in (85cm). Very rounded, petals with yellow midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. clump-forming perennial. H 34in (85cm),
shaped, burnt-orange flowers, with slightly ruffled, rich yellow flowers, with H. fulva (Tawny daylily), illus. p.245. S 24in (60cm). Produces prolific sprays of
yellowish midribs, over a long period in faint bronze bands and darker throats, are Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft small, orange-yellow flowers, with green-
summer. Z3–10 H12–2. borne in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). Trumpet-shaped, tinted throats, in mid-summer. Z3–10
H. ‘Berlin Red’. Vigorous, deciduous or H. ‘Children’s Festival’. Deciduous, tawny-orange flowers are produced from H11–2.
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), mid- to late summer above a mound of H. lilioasphodelus, syn. H. flava, illus.
H 28–36in (70–90cm), S 24in (60cm). In mid- S 20in (50cm). Unusually thick petals form strap-shaped, light green leaves. Z3–10 p.245. Robust, clump-forming, spreading
summer produces open, rounded, rich funnel-shaped flowers, with rosy tints and H11–2. ‘Flore Pleno’ (illus. p.245), H 30in perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more.
velvety-red flowers with a blackish-red apricot throats, from mid-summer to early (75cm), has double flowers with dark red Very fragrant, delicate, lemon- to
bloom at the margins and yellow midribs fall. Z3–10 H12–2. eyes. ‘Kwanzo Variegated’ has leaves chrome-yellow flowers, lasting only 1 or 2
and throats. Z3–10 H12–2. H. ‘Chorus Line’. Extended-blooming, variably marked with white. Z3–10 H12–2. days, are borne in late spring and early
H. ‘Betty Woods’. Robust, evergreen, semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Gentle Shepherd’. Semievergreen, summer. Strap-shaped leaves are mid-
clump-forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm). Produces clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), green. Z3–10 H11–2.
S 24in (60cm). Large, peony-like, yellow remontant, triangular, slightly fragrant, S 24in (60cm). In early and mid-summer H. ‘Little Grapette’, illus. p.245. Free-
flowers are borne in mid- and late summer. bright pink flowers, with pink- and yellow- has ruffled, white flowers, with green flowering, deciduous, clump-forming
Z3–10 H12–2. marked petals and dark green throats, from throats. Z3–10 H12–2. perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
H. ‘Black Magic’, illus. p.245. Deciduous, early to mid-summer. Z3–10 H12–2. H. ‘Golden Chimes’, illus. p.245. Clump- Has lightly ruffled, wine-purple flowers,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 36in H. ‘Christmas Is’. Vigorous, deciduous, forming perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 2ft with yellow throats, in mid- and late 595
(90cm). Has star-shaped, pale-edged, dark clump-forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears small, delicate, trumpet- summer. Z3–10 H11–2.
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HEMEROCALLIS
H. ‘Little Wine Cup’, illus. p.245. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). (50cm). In early and mid-summer bears and deep, rich, moist soil. Sturdy, much-
Vigorous, deciduous, clump-forming Produces masses of rich salmon-pink bright apricot-pink flowers, with red branched rootstock resents disturbance.
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). flowers in summer. Z3–10 H11–2. picotee margins and ruby-red marks Propagate by seed when fresh or by
Produces masses of lightly ruffled, wine- H. ‘Prairie Blue Eyes’, illus. p.244. around yellowish throats. Z3–10 H12–2. division or removing sideshoots in spring.
red flowers, with paler midribs and yellow- Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Strutter’s Ball’. Deciduous, clump- H. angulosa. See H. transsilvanica.
green throats, in early and mid-summer. H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm). In mid- forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). H. x media ‘Ballardii’. Slow-growing,
Z3–10 H11–2. summer produces lavender flowers, Has funnel-shaped, rich deep, blue-purple dome-shaped perennial. H 4in (10cm),
H. ‘Luxury Lace’, illus. p.244. Vigorous, banded with blue-purple, that have green flowers, each with a silvery zone above S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, 3-lobed,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. throats. Z3–10 H11–2. small, lemon-yellow throat, from mid- stalked, soft green leaves and, in early
H 30in (75cm), S 16in (40cm). Has fragrant, H. ‘Real Wind’. Vigorous, free-flowering, summer to early fall. Z3–10 H12–2. spring, shallowly cup-shaped, many-
funnel-shaped, vibrant orange flowers, evergreen, clump-forming perennial with H. ‘Summer Wine’, illus. p.244. Strong- petaled, intense blue flowers. Fully double,
with dark green throats, from mid-summer dense foliage. H 26in (65cm), S 3ft (1m). growing, deciduous, clump-forming colored forms are also known. Propagate
to early fall. Z3–10 H11–2. Produces triangular to rounded, pale buff perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). only by division. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. ‘Mallard’. Deciduous, clump-forming to salmon-pink flowers, with bold rose- In early and mid-summer bears open, H. nobilis, syn. H. triloba, Anemone
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Produces pink eyes, from mid- to late summer. Z3–10 soft purple flowers, with yellowish-green hepatica. Slow-growing, semievergreen,
funnel-shaped flowers, with a slender, H12–2. throats and very pale purple to white dome-shaped perennial. H 3in (8cm),
central, pale stripe on each petal, from mid- H. ‘Red Precious’, illus. p.235. midribs. Broad inner petals are slightly S 4–5in (10–12cm). Bears rounded, 3-lobed,
summer to early fall. Z3–10 H12–2. H. ‘Rose Emily’. Semievergreen, clump- ruffled. Z3–10 H11–2. fleshy, mid-green leaves. Shallowly cup-
H. ‘Marion Vaughn’. Clump-forming forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). H. ‘Super Purple’. Clump-forming shaped, many-petaled flowers—white
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces In mid-summer bears rounded, rose-pink perennial. H 27in (68cm), S 26in (65cm). through pink to carmine, pale to deep blue
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, green-throated, flowers with ruffled margined petals and Bears rounded, ruffled, velvety, red-purple or purple—are produced in early spring.
pale lemon-yellow flowers, in late summer, pale green throats. Z3–10 H12–2. flowers, with lime-green throats, in mid- Fully double, colored forms are also
each lasting only a day. Each petal has a H. ‘Ruffled Apricot’. Slow-growing, summer. Z3–10 H12–2. known. Is excellent in a woodland or rock
raised, near-white midrib. Z3–10 H12–2. clump-forming perennial. In mid-summer H. ‘Whichford’, illus. p.245. Deciduous, garden. Z5–8 H8–4. var. japonica illus.
H. ‘Mauna Loa’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, produces large, deep apricot flowers with clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), p.355.
free-flowering, evergreen, clump-forming lavender-pink midribs and ruffled petal S 20in (50cm). Fragrant, slightly star- H. transsilvanica, syn. H. angulosa.
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). margins. Z3–10 H12–2. shaped, green-budded, clear lemon-yellow Semievergreen, spreading perennial. H 3in
Produces rounded, bright tangerine- H. ‘Scarlet Oak’. Vigorous, flowers, with green throats, are borne on (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Shallowly cup-shaped,
orange flowers, with chartreuse throats semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. sturdy stems from mid-summer. Z3–10 many-petaled flowers, varying from blue to
and black anthers, in mid- to late summer. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In mid- H11–2. white or pink, are produced in early spring
Z3–10 H11–2. and late summer has open rounded, scarlet H. ‘White Temptation’. Semievergreen, amid rounded, 3-lobed, hairy, green leaves.
H. ‘Michele Coe’. Vigorous, evergreen or flowers, with white midribs. Z3–10. clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), Fully double, colored forms are also
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Scarlet Orbit’. Semievergreen, S 26in (65cm). Funnel-shaped, white known. Z5–8 H8–5.
H 28in (70cm), S 34in (85cm). In mid- clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), flowers, with slightly crinkled edges and H. triloba. See H. nobilis.
summer has rounded, pale apricot flowers S 26in (65cm). Scarlet flowers, with green green throats, are produced from mid-
summer to early fall. Z3–10 H12–2.
with light lavender-pink midribs. Z3–10 throats, open flat in mid-summer. Z3–10
HERBERTIA
H12–2. H12–2.
IRIDACEAE
H. ‘Millie Schlumpf’. Vigorous, free- H. ‘Siloam Baby Talk’, illus. p.244. HEMIGRAPHIS
flowering, evergreen, clump-forming Vigorous, free-flowering, deciduous, Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
H perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm). clump-forming perennial. H 14–16in ACANTHACEAE mainly for their iris-like flowers. Requires
Triangular to rounded, pale pink flowers, (35–40cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has Genus of annuals and evergreen full sun and well-drained soil. Reduce
with deeper pink bands and green throats, rounded, ruffled-margined, creamy-pink perennials, usually grown for their foliage. watering when bulb dies down after
are borne from early to mid-summer. flowers, with pale purple bands above Prefers bright but not direct sunlight flowering. Propagate by seed in fall.
Z3–10 H12–2. bright green throats, in mid-summer. and moist but well-drained soil. Water H. pulchella. Spring-flowering bulb.
H. minor (Grass-leaved daylily). Compact, Z3–10 H11–2. frequently in growing season, less in H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 11/4 –2in (3–5cm).
clump-forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), H. ‘Siloam Ethel Smith’. Evergreen, winter. Regularly cut back straggly stems Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, pleated,
S 18in (45cm). In early summer bears clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), to tidy. Propagate by stem cuttings in erect and basal. Bears a succession of
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, lemon-yellow S 18in (45cm). In mid-summer bears masses spring or summer. upward-facing, violet-blue flowers, 2–21/2in
flowers, with tawny-backed, outer petals. of rounded, creamy-beige flowers, with H. repanda, illus. p.473. (5–6cm) wide and usually with dark-spotted
Has narrowly strap-shaped, mid-green triangular, red, yellow and olive-green centers. Z10–11 H12–10.
leaves that die back in early fall. Z3–10 eyes. Z3–10
HEMIORCHIS
H12–2. H. ‘Siloam Virginia Henson’. Clump-
ZINGIBERACEAE HERMANNIA
H. ‘Missenden’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. (65cm). In early summer bears rounded, Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE
H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In mid- ruffled, creamy-pink flowers banded with perennials, grown for their orchid-like Genus of evergreen subshrubs and shrubs,
summer has large, funnel-shaped, rich rose-pink and with green throats. Z3–10 flowers, which emerge above ground grown mainly for their flowers. Prefers
velvety-red flowers with a velvety, black H12–2. before the leaves. Needs shade and rich, full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
sheen and yellow midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Solano Bulls Eye’. Vigorous, free- moist but well-drained soil. Is more Water container plants freely when in
H. ‘Neyron Rose’, illus. p.244. Vigorous, flowering, evergreen, clump-forming tolerant of winter wet than most gingers, full growth, moderately at other times.
deciduous, clump-forming perennial. perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 30in (75cm). so water occasionally during dormancy. Tip prune young plants to produce well-
H 3ft (1m), S 24–28in (60–70cm). In early Produces rounded, bright yellow flowers, Propagate by division of the rhizome in branched specimens. Propagate by
and mid-summer has pink-suffused, with deep brownish-purple eyes, over a early spring. softwood or greenwood cuttings in late
orange-brown flowers, with white long period from early to late summer. H. patlingii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous spring or summer.
midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. Z3–10 H12–2. perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Stem, 4–6in H. candicans. See H. incana.
H. ‘Night Beacon’, illus. p.244. H. ‘Stafford’, illus. p.245. Vigorous, (10–15cm) long, produces up to 20 flowers, H. incana, syn. H. candicans. Evergreen,
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. opening in succession in spring, each with bushy subshrub. H and S 24in (60cm)
H 28in (70cm), S 30in (75cm). In early and H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (1m). In mid-summer 3 pale brown outer lobes surrounding a or more. Oval to oblong leaves are
mid-summer produces rounded, very dark bears masses of star-shaped, scarlet deep red-veined, golden-yellow inner lobe. covered with white down beneath.
burgundy-black flowers, with black-purple flowers with yellow midribs and throats. Has broadly lance-shaped, glossy, mid- Produces small, nodding, bell-shaped,
bands, lemon-green throats and pearl- Z3–10 H11–2. green leaves, to 6in (15cm) long. Z3–10 bright yellow flowers, in terminal
white midribs. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Stoke Poges’, illus. p.244. Deciduous, H12–2. clusters, to 6in (15cm) long, in spring–
H. ‘Pardon Me’, illus. p.244. Deciduous, clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), summer. Z12–15 H12–10.
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 20in (50cm). In mid-summer has fragrant,
HEPATICA
S 24in (60cm). Small, fragrant, funnel- funnel-shaped, salmon-pink flowers, with
RANUNCULACEAE HERMODACTYLUS
shaped, bright burgundy-red flowers, with reflexed petal tips and a deep pink zone
greenish-yellow throats, are borne from around each golden throat. Z3–10 H11–2. Genus of very variable perennials, some IRIDACEAE
mid-summer to early fall. Z3–10 H11–2. H. ‘Strawberry Candy’. Robust, of which are semievergreen. Flowers are Genus of one species of spring-flowering
596 H. ‘Pink Damask’, illus. p.244. Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen, clump- produced in early spring before new leaves tubers, with elongated, finger-like
deciduous, free-flowering, clump-forming forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 20in are properly formed. Needs partial shade rootstock, grown mainly for its iris-like
HEUCHERA
flowers. Requires a hot, sunny site, where (25–30cm), S to 12in (30cm). Has rounded, (30–40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded,
tubers will ripen well in summer, and HETEROCENTRON lobed, rather ruffled, maroon-brown lobed, silvery-white-marbled, pale orange
well-drained soil. Grows particularly SYN. HEERIA leaves. In summer produces loose sprays leaves. In summer produces loose sprays
successfully on hot, chalky soils. Propagate MELASTOMATACEAE of small, pendent, bell-shaped, rose-pink of small, pendent, bell-shaped, creamy-pink
by division in late summer. flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
Genus of evergreen, summer- and fall-
H. tuberosus, syn. Iris tuberosa, illus. H. ‘Can-can’, illus. p.282. Vigorous, H. ‘Green Spice’, illus. p.282. Evergreen,
flowering perennials and shrubs. Requires
p.406. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and clump-forming perennial. H 8–12in
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
S 20in (50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Rounded, lobed,
softwood or stem-tip cuttings in late winter
dark-veined, silver-gray leaves are rich silvery-green leaves have dark purple veins
HESPERALOE or early spring.
wine-red beneath; leaves turn pinkish with and dark gray edges. In summer produces
AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE H. elegans, syn. Schizocentron elegans,
cooler conditions. In summer produces loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
illus. p.472.
Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
succulents, grown for their very narrow, ivory flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H. KEY LIME PIE (‘Tnheu042’).
strap-shaped, grooved, dark green leaves, HETEROMELES H. ‘Chocolate Ruffles’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
which often have peeling, white fibers at ROSACEA Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and S 16in (40cm). Has rounded, lobed, lime-
their margins. Is closely related to Agave S 12in (30cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, green leaves. In summer produces loose
Genus of one species of evergreen tree or
and Yucca. Prefers sun and very well- chocolate-brown leaves have burgundy sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
large shrub, grown mainly for its showy
drained soil. Propagate by seed or undersides. In summer produces loose pinkish-white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1.
clusters of holly-like fruits. Requires fertile,
division in spring or summer, or from sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, H. ‘Lime Rickey’, illus. p.282. Strong-
well-drained soil in full sun, with protection
offsets, freely produced at base. white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. growing, evergreen, clump-forming
from cold, drying winds in winter.
H. parviflora, syn. Yucca parviflora, illus. H. ‘Cinnabar Silver’, illus. p.282. perennial. H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 20in
Propagate by seed in fall or by semiripe
p.484. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. (50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, lime-green
cuttings in summer.
H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Forms a leaves are brightest in spring. In summer
H. arbutifolia. See H. salicifolia.
mound of rounded, lobed, purple-flushed, produces loose sprays of small, pendent,
HESPERANTHA H. salicifolia, syn. H. arbutifolia, Photinia
silver leaves; the purple color intensifies in bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
arbutifolia. Evergreen, bushy, spreading
IRIDACEAE cool conditions. In summer produces loose H. ‘Midnight Rose’, illus. p.282.
shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Has
Genus of spring-flowering corms, oblong, sharply toothed, leathery, glossy,
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, red Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
grown for their spikes of small, funnel- dark green leaves. Broad, flat heads of flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. S 20in (50cm). Rounded, lobed, dark purple
or cup-shaped flowers. Needs full sun small, 5-petaled, white flowers, produced H. ‘Citronelle’. Evergreen, clump- leaves have pink speckles that get larger
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall, in late summer, are succeeded by large forming perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). as the season progresses and may fade to
water through winter and dry off corms clusters of rounded, red fruits. Has rounded, lobed, lime-green leaves. In cream. In summer produces loose sprays of
after flowering. Propagate by seed in summer produces loose sprays of small, small, pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers.
fall or spring. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z4–8 Z3–8 H8–1.
H. buhrii. See H. cucullata.
HEUCHERA H8–1. H. ‘Obsidian’. Evergreen, clump-forming
H. coccinea. See Schizostylis coccinea. Coral flower H. ‘Coral Cloud’. Evergreen, clump- perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Has
H. cucullata, syn. H. buhrii. Spring- SAXIFRAGACEAE forming perennial. H 18–30in (45–75cm), rounded, lobed, smooth, glossy, dark
flowering corm. H 8–12in (20–30cm), Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering S 12–18in (30–45cm). In early summer bears purple-black leaves. In summer produces
S 11/4–2in (3–5cm). Has linear, erect leaves perennials forming large clumps of leaves, long, feathery sprays of small, pendent, loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
on lower part of branched stems, each that are often tinted bronze or purple. bell-shaped, coral-red flowers. Leaves are ivory flowers on red stems. Z4–8 H8–1.
of which produces a spike of up to 7 cup- Makes good groundcover. Prefers partial rounded, lobed, toothed, glistening and H. ‘Palace Purple’. Clump-forming H
shaped, white flowers, flushed pink or shade and moist but well-drained soil. dark green. Z4–8 H8–1. perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
purple outside, that open only at evening. Propagate species by seed in fall or by H. CRÈME BRÛLÉE (‘Tnheu041’), illus. persistent, heart-shaped, deep purple
Z10–11 H12–10. division in fall or spring, cultivars by p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. leaves and sprays of small, white flowers
division only, using young, outer portions H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 16in (40cm). in summer. Cut leaves last well in water.
Rounded, lobed, glowing caramel, bronze Z3–8 H8–1.
HESPERIS of crown. See also feature panel p.282.
and gold leaves fade in intensity as they H. ‘Peach Flambé’, illus. p.282.
H. ‘Amber Waves’, illus. p.282.
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. age. In summer produces loose sprays of Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
Genus of late spring- or summer- H 8–12in (20–30cm), S to 20in (50cm). small, pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. S 20in (50cm). Large, rounded, lobed,
flowering annuals and perennials. Rounded, lobed, lightly ruffled, orange- Z3–8 H8–1. smooth, rich peach leaves develop purplish
Requires sun and well-drained soil. yellow leaves are pale burgundy H. cylindrica ‘Greenfinch’. Evergreen, hues in winter. In summer produces loose
H. matronalis tolerates poor soil. Tends underneath. In summer produces loose clump-forming perennial. H 18–24in (45– sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
to become woody at base, so raise new sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, 60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has rosettes of lobed, white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
stock from seed every few years. light-rose flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. heart-shaped leaves and, in summer, spikes H. ‘Pearl Drops’. Evergreen, clump-
Propagate by basal cuttings in spring H. americana ‘Harry Hay’. Vigorous, of small, bell-shaped, pale green or forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
or by seed in fall or spring. evergreen, clump-forming perennial. greenish-white flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. (30cm). In early summer bears small,
H. matronalis, illus. p.230. H 20–39in (50–100cm), S 32in (80cm) or H. EBONY AND IVORY (‘E and I’), illus. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers tinged
more. Has large, rounded, lobed, purplish- p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming, rather pink. Leaves are rounded, lobed, toothed
brown leaves. In summer produces tall compact perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). and dark green. Z3–8 H8–1.
HESPEROCALLIS spires of pendent, bell-shaped, white Has rounded, lobed, rather ruffled, H. ‘Peppermint Spice’, illus. p.282.
LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. ebony-black leaves. In summer produces Evergreen, clump-forming, rather
Genus of spring- to summer-flowering H. ‘Beauty Colour’, illus. p.282. numerous loose sprays of small, pendent, compact perennial. H 16in (40cm),
bulbs. Needs a sunny, well-drained site. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. bell-shaped, ivory-white flowers. Z3–8 S 12–16in (30–40cm). Has rounded, lobed,
Is difficult to cultivate in all but warm, dry H 8–12in (20–30cm), S to 20in (50cm). H8–1. purple-veined, silver green leaves. In
areas; in cool, damp climates, protect in Rounded, lobed, burgundy-veined leaves H. ‘Firebird’. Evergreen, compact summer produces loose sprays of small,
a cool greenhouse. Requires ample water are marbled with silver and bordered with perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). In pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers.
in spring, followed by a hot, dry period green. Leaf color intensifies in cold periods. early summer bears long, feathery sprays Z3–8 H8–1.
during its summer dormancy. Propagate In summer produces loose, arching sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, crimson- H. ‘Pewter Moon’, illus. p.282.
by seed in fall. of small, pendent, bell-shaped, ivory scarlet flowers. Leaves are rounded, lobed, Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
H. undulata. Spring- to summer- flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. toothed and dark green. Z4–8 H8–1. H 16in (40cm), S 12–20in (30–50cm).
flowering bulb. H 8–20in (20–50cm), H. ‘Black Beauty’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, H. ‘Georgia Peach’, illus. p.282. Rounded, lobed, veined, silvery-green
S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has a basal cluster of clump-forming, rather compact perennial. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. leaves have deep maroon undersides. In
long, narrow, wavy-margined, semierect H 8–10in (20–25cm), S to 10in (25cm). H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Large, summer produces loose sprays of small,
or prostrate leaves. Sturdy stems each Rounded, lobed, ruffled, glossy, dark rounded, lobed, silvery pinkish-peach pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers
bear a spike of upward-facing, funnel- purple-black leaves are held rather upright. leaves are most vibrant when young. In on maroon stems. Z3–8 H8–1.
shaped, white flowers, with a central, In summer produces loose sprays of small, summer produces loose sprays of small, H. ‘Plum Pudding’, illus. p.280.
green stripe along each of the 6 petals. pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3–8 pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. H. ‘Purple Petticoats’, illus. p.282.
Z9–10 H10–9. H8–1. Z3–8 H8–1. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
H. ‘Blackbird’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, H. ‘Ginger Ale’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, H 16in (40cm), S 12–20in (30–50cm). 597
Hesperoyucca. See Yucca. clump-forming perennial. H 10–12in clump-forming perennial. H 12–16in Rounded, lobed, ruffled, rich purple leaves
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X HEUCHERELLA
are a brighter reddish-purple beneath. In deeply lobed, red-veined, golden-yellow serrated leaves and, in summer, pendent, flowering species) or fall (large-flowered
summer produces loose sprays of small, young leaves fade to bright green and long-stalked flowers, 21/2in (6cm) wide, hybrids). T All parts may cause mild
pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers. Z3–8 develop orange tints in fall. In early with deeply fringed, reflexed, pink or red stomach upset if ingested.
H8–1. summer produces feathery sprays of small, petals. May be trained as a climber. Z13–15 H. advenum. See Rhodophiala advena.
H. ‘Red Spangles’. Evergreen, clump- bell-shaped, pendent, white flowers. H12–10. H. ‘Apple Blossom’, illus. p.414.
forming perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). ‘Dayglow Pink’, H and S 12–16in H. syriacus (Rose of Sharon). ‘Blue H. aulicum, syn. H. morelianum, illus.
Has heart-shaped, purplish-green leaves (30–40cm), has dark-veined, rich green Bird’. See H. syriacus ‘Oiseau Bleu’. p.414.
and spikes of small, bell-shaped, crimson- leaves and numerous feathery sprays of ‘Diana’ is a deciduous, upright shrub. H. ‘Belinda’. Winter- and spring-
scarlet flowers in summer. Z3–8 H8–1. bright pink flowers. ‘Heart of Darkness’, H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has oval, lobed, flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
H. sanguinea ‘Snow Storm’, illus. p.282. H and S 16in (40cm), has green leaves, each deep green leaves and very large, trumpet- H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
Slow-growing, evergreen, clump-forming with a large dark purple central zone shaped, pure white flowers, with wavy- similar to H. aulicum, but flowers are deep
perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12–16in (30– surrounded by silver-gray, and produces edged petals, from late summer to mid- velvety-red throughout, stained darker
40cm). Rather small, rounded, lobed, green white flowers. ‘Kimono’ (illus. p.282), fall. Z5–9 H9–1. ‘Oiseau Bleu’, syn. towards centers. Z14–15 H12–1.
leaves each have a large, creamy-white H and S 16in (40cm), is vigorous and has H. syriacus ‘Blue Bird’, illus. p.138. ‘Red H. ‘Black Pearl’. Winter-flowering
center. In summer produces loose sprays very deeply lobed, purple-veined, silvery- Heart’, illus. p.132. ‘Woodbridge’, bulb. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, coral-pink purple and green leaves and loose sprays illus. p.136. sturdy stem bearing 4–5 large, funnel-
flowers. May be short-lived. Z3–8 H8–1. of cream flowers. ‘Stoplight’ (illus. p.282), H. trionum, illus. p.300. shaped, dark maroon flowers and strap-
H. ‘Scintillation’. Evergreen, clump- H and S 16in (40cm), has red-veined, bright shaped, semierect, basal leaves that
forming perennial. H 18–30in (45–75cm), yellow leaves and white flowers.
HIDALGOA develop with or after the flowers.
S 12–18in (30–45cm). In early summer Z14–15 H12–1.
Hexastylis. See Asarum. Climbing dahlia
produces long, feathery sprays of small, H. ‘Bouquet’. Winter- and spring-
pendent, bell-shaped, deep pink flowers, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
each rimmed with coral-pink. Bears HIBBERTIA Genus of evergreen, leaf stalk climbers, H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
rounded, lobed, toothed, dark green leaves. SYN. CANDOLLEA grown for their single, dahlia-like flower similar to H. aulicum, but has very wide,
Z3–8 H8–1. DILLENIACEAE heads. Requires full light and rich, well- salmon-pink flowers, with deep red veins
H. ‘Silver Scrolls’, illus. p.282. drained soil. Water freely when in full and red centers. Z14–15 H12–1.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and twining
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. growth, less at other times. Needs support. H. morelianum. See H. aulicum.
climbers, grown for their flowers. Needs
H 20in (50cm), S 16–20in (40–50cm). In spring, thin out crowded stems or cut H. ‘Orange Sovereign’. Winter- to
full light or partial shade and well-drained
Rounded, lobed, silver and burgundy back all growth to ground level. Propagate spring-flowering bulb. H 12–20in
soil. Water freely in summer, less at other
leaves are at their most vibrant when by softwood cuttings in spring. Aphids, red (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has strap-
times. Provide stems with support. Thin
young. In summer produces loose sprays spider mite and whitefly may be shaped, semierect, gray-green, basal
out congested growth in spring. Propagate
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, pinkish- troublesome. leaves produced as, or just after, flowers
by semiripe cuttings in summer.
white flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H. wercklei. Moderately vigorous, form. Sturdy stem bears head of 2–6 rich
H. cuneiformis, illus. p.458.
H. ‘Southern Comfort’, illus. p.282. evergreen, leaf stalk climber. H 15ft (5m) orange-red flowers. Z14–15 H12–10.
H. scandens, syn. H. volubilis. Vigorous,
Strong-growing, evergreen, clump-forming or more. Oval leaves are divided into H. procerum. See Worsleya rayneri.
evergreen, twining climber. H 20ft (6m).
perennial. H 20–24in (50–60cm), S 24–28in 3, 5, or more, coarsely serrated leaflets. H. ‘Red Lion’, illus. p.414.
Has oblong to lance-shaped, glossy, deep
(60–70cm). Large, rounded, lobed, rather In summer bears dahlia-like, scarlet flower H. reginae (Mexican lily). Summer-
green leaves, 11/2–31/2in (4–9cm) long.
hairy, brownish-peach leaves age to burnt- Saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
heads, yellowish in bud. Z11–13 H12–10. flowering bulb. H to 20in (50cm), S 8–10in
copper. In summer produces loose sprays 11/2in (4cm) across, are produced mainly (20–25cm). Flower stem produces a head
H of small, pendent, bell-shaped, white in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. HIERACIUM of 2–4 scarlet flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm)
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H. volubilis. See H. scandens. across, with star-shaped, green mark in
Hawkweed
H. ‘Stormy Seas’. Evergreen, clump- throat. Long, strap-shaped, semierect
forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 16–20in COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE leaves develop at base after flowering
(40–50cm). Rounded, lobed, gray-silver- HIBISCUS Genus of perennials; most are weeds, but has finished. Z11–12 H12–1.
mottled, glossy, maroon-purple leaves, MALVACEAE the species described below is grown for H. rutilum. See H. striatum.
aging to bronze-green, have vivid purple Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs, its foliage. Needs sun and poor, well- H. striatum, syn. H. rutilum. Spring- and
undersides. In summer produces loose trees, perennials and annuals, grown for drained soil. Propagate by seed or division summer-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm),
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, their flowers. Needs full sun and rich, well- in fall or spring. S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has strap-shaped,
cream flowers. Z4–8 H8–1. drained soil. Water container specimens H. lanatum, illus. p.277. semierect, bright green, basal leaves.
H. ‘Tiramisu’, illus. p.282. Evergreen, freely when in full growth, moderately at Funnel-shaped flowers have pointed,
clump-forming perennial. H 12–16in scarlet petals with central, green stripes.
(30–40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded,
other times. Tip prune young plants to HIMALAYACALAMUS Z14–15 H12–10.
promote bushiness; cut old plants back hard
lobed, red-flushed, copper-yellow leaves. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE H. ‘Striped’, illus. p.414.
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring,
In summer produces loose sprays of small, shrubs and trees by greenwood cuttings in See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES H. vittatum (St. Joseph’s lily). Vigorous,
pendent, bell-shaped, pinkish-cream late spring or by semiripe cuttings in and SEDGES. spring-flowering bulb. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft
flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. summer, perennials by division in fall or H. falconeri, syn. Arundinaria (30cm). Leaves are broadly strap-shaped,
H. ‘Tnheu041’. See H. CRÈME BRÛLÉE. spring. Whitefly may cause problems. falconeri, Drepanostachyum falconeri, semierect and basal. Sturdy, leafless stem
H. ‘Tnheu042’. See H. KEY LIME PIE. H. mutabilis (Confederate rose, Cotton Thamnocalamus falconeri. Evergreen, precedes leaves and terminates in a head
rose). Evergreen, erect to spreading shrub clump-forming bamboo. H 15–30ft (5–10m), of 2–6 red-striped, white flowers, 5–8in
S 3ft (1m). Greenish-brown stems have a (12–20cm) across. Z13–15 H12–10.
x HEUCHERELLA or tree. H and S 10–15ft (3–5m). Rounded
H. ‘White Dazzler’. Winter- and spring-
leaves have 5–7 shallow lobes. In summer– dark purple ring beneath each node. Has
SAXIFRAGACEAE yellowish-green leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.
fall bears funnel-shaped, sometimes
Hybrid genus (Heuchera x Tiarella) of double, white or pink flowers, 3–4in long, without visible tessellation, and H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
evergreen, mainly late spring- and (7–10cm) wide, that age from pink to deep unimportant flower spikes. Z9–11 H12–8. similar to H. aulicum, but has pure white
summer-flowering perennials. Prefers red. In light frost dies back to ground level. flowers. Z14–15 H12–1.
partial shade and needs fertile, well- Z10–11 H12–8. HIPPEASTRUM
drained soil. Propagate by basal cuttings H. rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus, Amaryllis HIPPOCREPIS
in spring or by division in spring or fall. Hawaiian hibiscus, Rose of China).
AMARYLLIDACEAE Horseshoe vetch, Vetch
See also feature panel p.282. Evergreen, rounded, leafy shrub. H and
x H. alba ‘Bridget Bloom’. Evergreen, S 5–10ft (1.5–3m) or more. Oval, glossy Genus of bulbs, grown for their huge, LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), leaves are coarsely serrated. Produces funnel-shaped flowers. Is often incorrectly Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
S 12in (30cm). Has dense, bright green funnel-shaped, bright crimson flowers, cultivated as Amaryllis. Requires full sun or for their pealike flowers. Requires full sun
leaves and, in early summer, many feathery 4in (10cm) wide, mainly in summer but partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
sprays of tiny, bell-shaped, rose-pink also in spring and fall. Z14–15 H12–1. Many large-flowered hybrids in fall, half burying in spring or fall. Self-seeds readily. May
flowers, which continue intermittently until color selections are grown including ‘The bulb; after the leaves die away, dry off be invasive.
fall. Z5–8 H8–5. President’, illus. p.455. bulb until following fall. Smaller, summer- H. comosa, illus. p.373. ‘E.R. Janes’ is
x H. tiarelloides, illus. p.264. ‘Alabama H. schizopetalus (Japanese lantern). flowering species should be kept dry while a vigorous, prostrate, woody-based
598 Sunrise’ is an evergreen, groundcover Evergreen, upright, spreading, loose shrub. dormant in winter. Propagate by seed in perennial. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 6in (15cm)
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Rounded, H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m) or more. Has oval, spring or by offsets in spring (summer- or more. Rooting stems bear small, loose
HOSTA
spikes of pealike, yellow flowers from late produces racemes of 5–8 fragrant, bell- summer produces bell-shaped, purple
spring to late summer. Leaves are divided, shaped flowers with sepals of female HOMOGYNE flowers on scapes 14–16in (35–40cm) long.
with 3–8 pairs of narrowly oval leaflets. flowers reddish-purple; white, male COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Z3–9 H9–2.
flowers have purple lines at bases. H. ‘American Halo’. Robust, densely
Genus of evergreen perennials, useful
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H 22in
HIPPOPHAE Flowers are sometimes followed
for groundcover in rock gardens and
(55cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has large, broadly
by ovoid, light purple fruits. Z10–11
ELAEAGNACEAE woodland. Needs shade and moist soil.
H12–10. ovate, strongly veined, dark blue-green
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, H. latifolia [purple form] illus. p.194; leaves, with heart-shaped bases and wide,
when fresh.
with inconspicuous flowers, grown for [white form] illus. p.192. irregular, yellow margins becoming ivory-
H. alpina (Alpine coltsfoot). Mat-forming,
their foliage and showy fruits. Separate white as they mature. In early and mid-
rhizomatous perennial. H 3–6in (8–15cm),
male and female plants are required in summer produces broadly funnel-shaped,
order to obtain fruits. Is suitable for
HOLCUS S 6in (15cm) or more. Has kidney-shaped,
pure white flowers on scapes 2ft (60cm)
toothed, glossy leaves and, in summer,
coastal areas, where it is wind-resistant GRAMINEAE/POACEAE long. Z3–8 H8–1.
stems, 3–6in (8–15cm) or more long, each
and excellent when grown as hedging. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES H. ‘Antioch’, illus. p.272. Robust,
bear a daisylike, rose-purple flower head.
Needs sun and is especially useful and SEDGES. clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),
for poor, dry or very sandy soil. H. mollis (Creeping soft grass). S 36in (90cm). Has broadly ovate, matt,
Propagate by softwood cuttings in ‘Albovariegatus’, syn. H. mollis
HOODIA dark green leaves irregularly margined
summer or by seed in fall. See also ‘Variegatus’ Evergreen, spreading, ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE gray-green and creamy-yellow, fading to
feature panel p.142. variegated, perennial grass. H 12–18in white. In mid-summer bears funnel-
Genus of branching, perennial succulents,
H. rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn), illus. (30–45cm), S indefinite. Has white-striped shaped, lavender-blue flowers on scapes
grown for their firm, erect, green stems,
p.142. Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub or leaves and hairy nodes. In summer 36in (90cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
generally branching from the base. Needs
small tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has narrow, produces purplish-white flower spikes. full sun and very well-drained soil. Is
H. ‘August Moon ’, illus. p.273. Vigorous,
silvery leaves. Tiny, yellow flowers borne Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Variegatus’. See H. mollis difficult to cultivate. Water sparingly at clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),
in mid-spring are followed in fall by bright ‘Albovariegatus’. all times. Propagate by seed or grafting S 30in (75cm). Has rounded to heart-
orange berries on female plants. Z3–8 in spring or summer. shaped, cupped, puckered, pale green
H8–1. H. bainii. See H. gordonii. leaves becoming golden-yellow with a
HOLMSKIOLDIA faint glaucous bloom. In summer bears
H. gordonii, syn. H. bainii. Variable, erect,
HOHERIA VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 32in bell-shaped, grayish-white flowers on
Genus of evergreen shrubs or scrambling (80cm), S 12in (30cm). Green stem is scapes 36in (90cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
MALVACEAE H. ‘Big Daddy’. Clump-forming
climbers. Needs full light and fertile, well- covered with short, spine-tipped tubercles
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or in distorted rows. Often branches into perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has
drained soil. Water freely in growing
evergreen trees and shrubs, grown for clumps. Produces 5-lobed, flesh-colored to rounded to heart-shaped, cupped, deeply
season, less at other times. Requires tying
their flowers produced mainly in summer. brownish flowers in late summer. Z13–15 puckered, glaucous, gray-blue leaves. In
to supports. Thin out crowded growth
Requires sun or semi-shade and fertile, H12–10. early summer bears bell-shaped, grayish-
in spring or after flowering has finished.
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe white flowers on scapes 32in (80cm) long.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. angustifolia, illus. p.85.
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer. HORDEUM H. ‘Birchwood Parky’s Gold’, syn. H.
Whitefly and red spider mite may be
H. ‘Glory of Amlwch’. Semievergreen, GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ‘Golden’, H. ‘Golden Nakaiana’, illus. p.273.
troublesome.
spreading tree. H 22ft (7m), S 20ft (6m). Has See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.
long, narrowly oval, glossy, bright green
H. sanguinea (Chinese hat plant).
Evergreen, straggly shrub. H to 15ft (5m), and SEDGES. H 14–16in (35–40cm), S . Has heart-shaped, H
leaves and a profusion of large, 5-petaled, H. jubatum, illus. p.286. matt, yellow-green leaves becoming rich
S 6ft (2m). Has oval, serrated leaves, 2–4in
white flowers from mid- to late summer. yellow with age. In mid-summer bears bell-
(5–10cm) long. Produces showy, red or
Z9–10 H10–9. shaped, pale lavender-blue flowers on
H. lyallii, illus. p.85.
orange flowers, with saucer-shaped calyces HORMINUM scapes 28in (70cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
and central, 5-lobed tubes, in fall–winter.
H. populnea (Lacebark). Evergreen, LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE H. ‘Blue Angel’. Slow-growing, clump-
Z10–11 H12–10.
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Genus of one species of basal-rosetted forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 24in
Bears narrowly oval, glossy, dark green perennial, suitable for rock gardens. (60cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, wavy,
leaves. Produces dense clusters of HOLODISCUS Requires sun and well-drained soil. glaucous, bluish-gray leaves. In mid-
5-petaled, white flowers in late summer ROSACEAE Propagate by division in spring or by summer bears bell-shaped, grayish- or
and early fall. Bark on mature trees is pale seed in fall. mauvish-white flowers on scapes 3ft (1m)
brown and white and often flaky. Z9–10 Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for long. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. pyrenaicum (Dragon’s mouth,
H10–9. their flowers in summer. Needs sun H. ‘Blue Cadet’. Clump-forming
Pyrenean dead nettle). Basal-rosetted
H. sexstylosa (Ribbonwood). Fast- or partial shade and any but very dry perennial. H 14–16in (35–40cm), S 30in
perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). In summer
growing, evergreen, upright tree or shrub. soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings (75cm). Has small, broadly ovate leaves,
produces whorls of nodding, short-stalked,
H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Glossy, pale green in summer. blue-green above and glaucous beneath,
funnel-shaped, blue-purple or white
leaves are narrowly oval and sharply H. discolor, illus. p.113. with heart-shaped bases. Produces funnel-
flowers above oval, leathery, dark green
toothed. Star-shaped, 5-petaled, white leaves, 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Z6–8 H8–6. shaped, rich lavender flowers in long,
flowers are borne in clusters from mid- HOMERIA dense racemes, 22in (55cm) long, from mid-
to late summer. Z9–10 H10–9. to late summer. Z3–8 H8–1.
IRIDACEAE HOSTA H. ‘Blue Moon’. Slow-growing, compact,
Genus of spring- or summer-flowering Plantain lily clump-forming perennial. H 5in (12cm),
HOLBOELLIA corms, grown for their widely funnel- LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE S 12in (30cm). Oval to rounded, grayish-
LARDIZABALACEAE shaped, cup-shaped or flattish flowers. Genus of perennials, grown mainly for blue leaves taper to a point. In mid-
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, Needs sun and well-drained soil. To their decorative foliage. Forms large summer, dense clusters of trumpet-shaped,
grown mainly for their fine foliage. Both produce flowers in spring, pot in fall in a clumps that are excellent for groundcover mauve flowers, on scapes 8–10in (20–25cm)
male and female flowers are borne on the cool greenhouse, water until after (heights given are those of foliage). Most long, are borne just above leaves. Is
same plant. Needs partial shade or full sun flowering, then dry off for summer. To species prefer shade and rich, moist but suitable for a rock garden. Prefers partial
and well-drained soil. Propagate by stem produce flowers in summer, plant in the well-drained, neutral soil. Propagate by shade. Z3–9 H9–1.
cuttings in late summer or fall. open in spring. Propagate by seed, division in early spring. Seed-raised plants H. ‘Blue Mouse Ears’. Slow-growing,
H. brachyandra. Evergreen, twining division or offsets in fall. T H. collina is (except of H. ventricosa) very rarely come clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has mid-green toxic to livestock. true to type. Slug and snail control is S 12in (30cm). Has very small, shallowly
leaves, to 5in (12cm) long, divided into H. ochroleuca. Spring- or summer- essential. See also feature panel pp.272–3. cupped, ovate, rich blue-green leaves,
3 ovate to elliptic leaflets. In summer flowering corm. H to 22in (55cm), S 2–3in H. albomarginata. See H. sieboldii which in mature plants are almost round
produces racemes of 4–8 large, fragrant, (5–8cm). Slender, wiry stems each bear ‘Paxton’s Original’. in shape. Produces clusters of bell-shaped,
white flowers. 1 or 2 long, narrow, semierect leaves on H. ‘Allan P. McConnell ’, illus. p.273. lavender-striped, rich violet flowers, on
H. coriacea. Evergreen, twining lower part of stem. Produces a succession Clump-forming perennial. H 6–8in scapes 8in (20cm) long, in mid- and late
climber. H 16ft (to 5m). Has glossy, mid- of upright, cup-shaped to flattish, yellow (15–20cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has summer. Z3–8 H8–1.
to dark green leaves divided into 3 ovate flowers, each sometimes with a central, broadly to narrowly ovate, olive-green H. ‘Blue Wedgwood’, illus. p.273. Slow- 599
to elliptic leaflets. In early summer orange stain. Z9–10 H10–9. leaves with narrow, white margins. In mid- growing, clump-forming perennial. H 1ft
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HOSTA
(30cm), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has wedge-shaped, oval to heart-shaped. Z3–9 H9–1. var. H. ‘Grand Tiara’. Vigorous perennial H. ‘Inniswood’. Densely mounding,
deeply quilted, blue leaves and, in summer, albopicta, syn. H. fortunei ‘Albopicta’ forming a compact mound. H 12in (30cm), clump-forming perennial. H 24in (60cm),
produces lavender flowers on scapes 16in has pale green leaves, with creamy-yellow S 20in (50cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, S 36in (90cm). Has large, broadly ovate
(40cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. centers, fading to dull green from mid- mid-green leaves with irregular, wide, to rounded, heart-shaped, seersuckered,
H. ‘Brim Cup’, illus. p.273. Slow-growing, summer. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, yellow margins. In summer produces bell- rich golden-yellow leaves, with dark green
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), pale violet flowers, on scapes, 30in (75cm) shaped, sometimes remontant, deep purple margins and glaucous beneath. In mid-
S 14–16in (35–40cm). Erect, heart-shaped, long, are produced in early summer. flowers, striped lavender-blue within, on summer produces funnel-shaped, pale
slightly cupped and puckered, thick, dark var. aureomarginata, syn. H. fortunei scapes 32in (80cm) long. Z3–9 H9–1. lavender flowers on scapes 30in (75cm)
green leaves are irregularly margined with ‘Aureomarginata’, H. fortunei ‘Yellow Edge’ H. ‘Great Expectations’, illus. p.273. long. Z3–8 H8–1.
cream fading to white. Bears pale lavender- has mid-green leaves, with irregular, Clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), H. ‘Invincible’, illus. p.272. Densely
blue flowers, on scapes 18in (45cm) long, in creamy-yellow edges, and violet flowers. S 34in (85cm). Green-margined, white leaf mounded, clump-forming perennial. H and
summer. Z3–9 H9–2. Mass planting looks very effective. stalks bear heart-shaped, stiff, puckered, S to 24in (60cm). Has heart-shaped, long-
H. ‘Buckshaw Blue’. Slow-growing, Tolerates full sun. ‘Yellow Edge’. See thick leaves that are glaucous, blue-green tipped, leathery, glossy, olive-green leaves.
clump-forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), H. fortunei var. aureomarginata. and irregularly but widely splashed with In late summer produces slightly fragrant,
S 24in (60cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, H. ‘Fragrant Bouquet’, illus. p.273. yellow, fading to white in centers. In early funnel-shaped, pale lavender flowers on
concave, puckered, glaucous, deep blue- Mounded, clump-forming perennial. summer, bell-shaped, grayish-white scapes to 24in (60cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
green leaves. In early summer bears bell- H 18in (45cm), S 26in (65cm). Produces flowers are borne on leafy scapes, 28in H. ‘June’, illus. p.272. Dense, clump-
shaped, grayish-white flowers on scapes heart-shaped, slightly puckered, slightly (70cm) long,. Z3–9 H9–2. forming perennial. H 15in (38cm), S 28in
to 18in (45cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. wavy, chartreuse leaves edged in cream. In H. ‘Green Fountain’. Clump-forming (70cm). Has heart-shaped, smooth, gray-
H. ‘Candy Hearts’. Vigorous, clump- late summer, large, fragrant, flared, very perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). blue leaves irregularly splashed in centers
forming perennial. H 14–16in (35–40cm), pale lavender flowers are borne on scapes Red-dotted leaf stalks bear arching, lance- with yellow and yellowish green. Bell-
S 22in (55cm). Has heart-shaped, pointed, 36in (90cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. shaped, wavy-margined, glossy, mid- green shaped, lavender-gray flowers, on scapes
greenish-gray-blue leaves. In summer H. ‘Francee’. Vigorous, clump-forming leaves. Funnel-shaped, pale mauve flowers 18in (45cm) long, are borne in late summer.
bears bell-shaped, pale lavender-blue to perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). Has are borne in summer, on scapes 24in Is a sport of H. ‘Halcyon’. Z3–9 H9–2.
off-white flowers on scapes to 20in (50cm) oval to heart-shaped, slightly cupped and (60cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. H. ‘Kabitan’. See H. sieboldii f. kabitan.
long. Z3–8 H8–1. puckered, olive-green leaves with irregular, H. ‘Ground Master’, illus. p.272. H. kikutii. Clump-forming perennial.
H. ‘Cherry Berry’, illus. p.272. Mounded, white margins. In summer produces Vigorous, stoloniferous, prostrate H 16in (40cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has oval to
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), arching, leafy scapes, 28in (70cm) long, perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 22in (55cm). lance-shaped, deeply veined, dark green
S 24in (60cm). Has broadly lance-shaped, bearing funnel-shaped, lavender-blue Has ovate to lance-shaped, matt, olive- leaves. Racemes of bell-shaped, near-white
creamy-yellow leaves, becoming ivory- flowers. Is late to emerge. Z3–9 H9–1. green leaves, with wavy, irregular, creamy flowers are borne in a tight bunch at the
white, with broad, irregular, green H. ‘Ginko Craig’, illus. p.273. Clump- margins, fading to white. In summer bears top of raceme on conspicuously leaning
margins. In mid- to late summer produces forming perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has straight, leafy scapes, 24in (60cm) long, of scapes, 24in (60cm) long, in mid-summer.
funnel-shaped, deep purple flowers on red small, narrow, dark green leaves irregularly funnel-shaped, purple flowers,. Z3–9 H9–2. Z3–9 H9–1. var. caput-avis is smaller,
scapes 18in (45cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. margined white. In summer produces H. ‘Guacamole’. Vigorous, clump- and flower bud resembles a bird’s head.
H. decorata. Stoloniferous perennial. spikes of bell-shaped, deep mauve flowers forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in ‘Kifukurin’ has larger leaves margined
H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Oval to on scapes, 22in (55cm) long. Is a good (65cm). Bold, heart-shaped, slightly wavy, with cream.
rounded, dark green leaves have white edging plant. Z3–9 H9–2. soft gold leaves are irregularly edged in H. ‘Krossa Regal’. Vase-shaped, clump-
margins. Dense racemes of trumpet- H. ‘Gold Edger’, illus. p.272. Densely green. In mid-summer has flared, very pale forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m).
shaped, deep violet or sometimes white mounded, clump-forming perennial. H to lavender flowers on scapes 34in (85cm) Arching, deeply ribbed leaves are grayish-
H flowers, on scapes to 20in (50cm) long, 12in (30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has long. Leaves color best in good light. Z3–8 blue. Produces long spikes of pale lilac
are borne in mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–1. heart-shaped, matt, golden-yellow leaves H8–1. flowers, on scapes 41/2ft (1.4m) long,
f. normalis has plain green leaves. that fade to chartreuse with age. In late H. ‘Hadspen Blue’, illus. p.272. Slow- in summer. Tolerates sun. Z3–9 H9–1.
H. ‘Devon Green’, illus. p.272. Clump- summer produces bell-shaped, lavender growing, clump-forming perennial. H and H. lancifolia, illus. p.273. Clump-forming
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 16in flowers on scapes to 12in (30cm) long. S 12in (30cm). Smooth leaves are heart- perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 30in (75cm).
(40cm). Red-spotted leaf stalks bear lance- Z3–9 H9–2. shaped and deep glaucous blue. Produces Arching, narrowly lance-shaped, glossy,
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves maturing H. ‘Golden’. See H. ‘Birchwood Parky’s short spikes of lavender flowers, on dark green leaves overlap neatly into
to broadly ovate to heart-shaped. In Gold’. scapes 14in (35cm) long, in summer. a dense mound. Bell-shaped, lavender
mid-summer bears bell-shaped, grayish- H. ‘Golden Nakaiana’. See H. Z3–9 H9–2. flowers, on scapes 26in (65cm) long, are
lavender-blue flowers on scapes to 18in ‘Birchwood Parky’s Gold’. H. ‘Halcyon’, illus. p.272. Robust, clump- produced in late summer. Z3–9 H9–2.
(45cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. H. ‘Golden Prayers’, illus. p.273. forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). H. ‘Love Pat’. Vigorous, clump-forming
H. ‘Dream Weaver’, illus. p.273. Upright, clump-forming perennial. Has heart-shaped, tapering, grayish-blue perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Produces
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 18in H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Cupped leaves leaves that fade to muddy-green in full sun; rounded, deeply puckered, deep glaucous
(45cm), S 36in (90cm). Has large, broadly are puckered and bright golden-green. texture may be spoiled by heavy rain. blue leaves. Bears racemes of pale lilac
ovate, strongly ribbed, chartreuse-green Produces white flowers suffused with pale Heavy clusters of trumpet-shaped, violet- flowers, on scapes 22in (55cm) long, in
leaves, later ivory-white in the center, with lavender on scapes 18in (45cm) long. Is mauve flowers, on scapes 18in (45cm) long, summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
very broad, dark blue-green margins, suitable for a rock garden. Z3–9 H9–2. open just above foliage in mid-summer. H. ‘Minuteman’, illus. p.272. Clump-
glaucous beneath. Produces funnel-shaped, H. ‘Golden Tiara’, illus. p.273. Clump- Z3–9 H9–2. forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
lavender-striped, white flowers, on scapes forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in H. ‘Honeybells’. Clump-forming (60cm). Has oval, slightly wavy-rimmed,
to 28in (70cm) long, in mid- and late (30cm). Neat, broadly heart-shaped, dark perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Light white-margined, dark green leaves. In mid-
summer. Z3–9 H9–2. green leaves have well-defined, chartreuse- green leaves are blunt at the tips and and late summer produces funnel-shaped,
H. ‘Fire and Ice’, illus. p.273. Vigorous, yellow margins. In summer produces long have wavy margins. In late summer bears lavender flowers on scapes 30in (75cm)
clump-forming perennial. H 14–16in spikes of lavender-purple flowers on scapes fragrant, pale lilac flowers on scapes long. Z3–9 H9–2.
(35–40cm), S indefinite. Has heart-shaped, 24in (60cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. 31/2ft (1.1m) long. Z3–9 H9–1. H. montana. Vigorous, clump-forming
matt, yellow-green leaves becoming rich H. ‘Gold Standard’. Vigorous, clump- H. ‘Hydon Sunset’, illus. p.273. Densely perennial. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 3ft (1m). Has
yellow with age. In mid-summer bears forming perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft mounded, clump-forming perennial. H and oval, prominently veined, glossy, dark
bell-shaped, pale lavender-blue flowers (1m). Oval to heart-shaped leaves are pale S to 24in (60cm). Has heart-shaped leaves, green leaves. Racemes of trumpet-shaped,
on scapes 28in (70cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. green, turning to gold from mid-summer, bright gold in spring and mid-green by pale violet flowers, on scapes 36in (90cm)
H. ‘Fire Island’. Clump-forming with narrow, regular, dark green margins. late summer. In late summer produces long, are produced in mid-summer. Z3–9
perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 18in (45cm). Racemes of trumpet-shaped, violet flowers, bell-shaped, purple flowers on scapes to H9–1. ‘Aureomarginata’ has leaves
Bright red stems bear ovate, puckered, on scapes, 31/2ft (1.1m) long, are produced 24in (60cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. irregularly edged with golden-yellow. Is
bright yellow leaves becoming more green in mid-summer. Prefers partial shade. H. hypoleuca. Clump-forming perennial. always the first hosta to appear in spring.
as the season progress, the red stem Z3–9 H9–1. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 3ft (1m). Broadly oval H. ‘Moonlight’. Clump-forming
coloring seeping into the leaf blade. In mid- H. gracillima. Clump-forming perennial. leaves have widely spaced veins and are perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 28in (70cm). Has
summer has bell-shaped, lavender flowers H 2in (5cm), S 7in (18cm). Has lance-shaped, pale green above, striking white beneath. pale yellow leaves that emerge olive-green,
on scapes 20in (50cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. wavy-margined, glossy, deep green leaves, In late summer bears drooping racemes narrowly margined white. Produces funnel-
H. fluctuans ‘Variegata’. See H. ‘Sagae’. paler beneath. In summer–fall produces of trumpet-shaped, milky-violet flowers, shaped, violet-budded, pinkish-lavender
H. fortunei. Group of vigorous, clump- purple-dotted scapes, 10in (25cm) long, of on scapes 14in (35cm) long, with mauve- flowers, on scapes 28in (70cm) long, in
600 forming, hybrid perennials. H 21/2–3ft widely funnel-shaped, lavender-blue flecked, pale green bracts. Tolerates full mid-summer. Requires full shade. Z3–9
(75cm–1m), S 3ft (1m) or more. Leaves are flowers, purple striped within. Z3–8 H8–1. sun. Z3–8 H8–1. H9–1.
HOSTA
H. ‘Morning Light’. Clump-forming (1.2m). Broadly oval leaves are glossy, margined creamy-white. In summer Funnel-shaped, mauve flowers, on arching
perennial forming upright mounds of pale green. Pure white, slightly fragrant, produces funnel-shaped, purple-striped, leaf scapes 20–32in (50–80cm) long, are
foliage. H 18in (45cm), S 28in (70cm). Has trumpet-shaped flowers, to 3ft (1m) long, lavender-blue flowers on scapes 12in produced in early and mid-summer.
ovate, long-pointed, rich ivory-yellow are produced well above foliage and open (30cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–9 H9–1. var. albomarginata, syn.
leaves, with irregular, dark green margins. in the evening. Prefers sun. Z3–9 H9–1. H. ‘Striptease’. Densely mounding, H. ‘Thomas Hogg’, H. ‘Undulata
Produces narrowly funnel-shaped, lavender H. ‘Sagae’, syn. H. fluctuans ‘Variegata’, clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), Albomarginata’. H 22in (55cm), S 24in
flowers, on scapes to 28in (70cm) long, in illus. p.273. Semierect, clump-forming S 4ft (1.2m). Has narrowly ovate to ovate (60cm), has broadly oval, flat or slightly
mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–1. perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Very leaves, dark green leaves, glaucous wavy-margined, dark green leaves, with
H. ‘Night Before Christmas’, illus. large, roughly triangular, dark green leaves beneath, with chartreuse-green centers, irregular, cream or pale yellow margins.
p.272. Clump-forming perennial. H 2ft have gold edges which fade to cream or sometimes white-flecked, later becoming Z3–9 H9–2. var. erromena, syn.
(60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Large, oval, slightly white. Flared, lavender flowers are borne, ivory-yellow. Produces funnel-shaped, H. ‘Undulata Erromena’. H 11⁄2ft (45cm),
wavy, rich dark green leaves are boldly on scapes 4ft (1.2m) long, in mid-summer. violet then lavender flowers on scapes, S 2ft (60cm), is robust and bears broadly
splashed with a central, bright white flash. Z3–9 H9–2. 28in (70cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3–8 oval, tapering, matt, mid-green leaves.
Has narrowly funnel-shaped, lavender H. ‘Sea Thunder’. Vigorous, dense- H8–1. var. univittata, syn. H. ‘Undulata
flowers, on scapes 36in (90cm) long, in mounding, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Sum and Substance’. Vigorous, Univittata’. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 28in (70cm),
mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–2. H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 3ft (1m). Has clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft has oval, twisted, matt, olive-green leaves
H. nigrescens, illus. p.272. Vigorous, narrowly ovate to ovate, ivory-cream (1m). Produces large, greenish-gold leaves that have narrow, cream centers.
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), leaves, irregularly margined dark olive- that are thick in texture and, in mid- H. ‘Undulata’. See H. undulata var.
S 26in (65cm). In late summer has oval to green, often with intrusions of olive-green summer, pale lavender flowers on undulata.
heart-shaped, concave, puckered, glaucous towards center. Produces broadly funnel- scapes 3ft (1m) long. Tolerates full sun. H. ‘Undulata Albomarginata’. See
gray-green leaves, and racemes of funnel- shaped, purple flowers, on scapes 36in Z3–8 H8–1. H. undulata var. albomarginata.
shaped, pearl-gray to white flowers, on (90cm) long, in late summer. Z3–8 H8–1. H. ‘Tall Boy’. Clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Undulata Erromena’. See
undulating scapes 41/2ft (1.4m) long. Z3–9 H. ‘Shade Fanfare’. Vigorous, clump- H and S 2ft (60cm). Has large, bright green H. undulata var. erromena.
H9–2. forming perennial. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 21/2ft leaves ending in long points. In summer H. ‘Undulata Univittata’. See
H. ‘Paxton’s Original’. See H. sieboldii (75cm). Heart-shaped leaves are pale green produces masses of rich lilac flowers on H. undulata var. univittata.
‘Paxton’s Original’. with cream margins. In summer has an scapes 4ft (1.2m) or more long. Z3–9 H9–1. H. ventricosa. Clump-forming perennial.
H. ‘Piedmont Gold’. Slow-growing, abundance of lavender flowers on scapes H. tardiflora. Slow-growing, clump- H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. Has
clump-forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), 24in (60cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 21/2ft heart-shaped to oval, slightly wavy-
S 21/2ft (75cm). Smooth leaves are bright H. sieboldiana, illus. p.272. Robust, (75cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, thick- margined, glossy, dark green leaves.
yellowish-green with fluted margins. clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m) or textured, dark green leaves. Dense
Racemes of bell-shaped, deep purple
Racemes of white flowers, on scapes more, S 5ft (1.5m). Large, heart-shaped, racemes of trumpet-shaped, lilac-purple
flowers, on scapes 32–36in (80–100cm)
to 26in (65cm) long, are produced in deeply ribbed, puckered leaves are bluish- flowers, on scapes 14in (35cm) long, are
long, are produced above foliage in late
summer. Is best in partial shade. gray. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, very borne from late summer to early fall.
summer. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Aureomarginata’.
Z3–9 H9–1. pale lilac flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm) Z3–9 H9–1.
See H. ventricosa ‘Variegata’.‘Variegata’,
H. plantaginea. Lax, clump-forming long, are produced in early summer, just H. ‘Tattoo’, illus. p.273. Clump-forming
syn. H. ventricosa ‘Aureomarginata’
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m). above foliage. Makes good groundcover. perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
produces leaves with irregular, cream
Leaves are oval and glossy, pale green. Tolerates sun, but leaves may then turn dull Broadly ovate, slightly puckered, pale
margins.
Rising well above these are scapes, 26– green. Z3–9 H9–2. var. elegans has larger, green leaves have a maple-leaf-shaped,
H. venusta. Vigorous, mat-forming
30in (65–75cm) long, crowned in late bluer leaves and scapes 28in (70cm) long. gold centers edged in darker green. Bears
perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S to 12in (30cm).
summer and early fall with fragrant, ‘Frances Williams’ has yellow-margined bell-shaped, lavender flowers, on scapes
Has oval to lance-shaped, mid- to dark
H
trumpet-shaped, white flowers that open leaves, scapes 28in (70cm) long, is slower- 18in (45cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3–9
green leaves. Abundant racemes of
in the evening. Prefers sunny conditions. growing and should not be grown in full H9–2.
trumpet-shaped, purple flowers, on scapes
Z3–9 H9–1. var. japonica, syn. H. sun. Z3–9 H9–1. H. ‘Thomas Hogg’. See H. undulata var.
10–14in (25–35cm) long, are borne well
plantaginea ‘Grandiflora’ has larger, H. sieboldii f. kabitan, syn. H. ‘Kabitan’ albomarginata.
above foliage in mid-summer. Is suitable
longer-tubed flowers, to 5in (13cm) long. Clump-forming perennial, spreading by H. tokudama, syn. H. ‘Tokudama’. Very
for a rock garden. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Suzuki
Z3–9 H9–2. ‘Grandiflora’. See H. short runners. H to 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm). slow-growing, clump-forming perennial.
Thumbnail’ produces small leaves,
plantaginea var. japonica. Lance-shaped, thin-textured, glossy leaves H 11/2ft (45cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces
2in (5cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. rectifolia. Upright, clump-forming are yellow-centered and have narrow, cup-shaped, puckered, blue leaves.
H. ‘Whirlwind ’, illus. p.273. Clump-
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). undulating, dark green margins. In early Racemes of trumpet-shaped, pale lilac-gray
forming perennial. H 17in (43cm), S 34in
Produces oval to lance-shaped, dark green summer produces small, trumpet-shaped, flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm) long, are
leaves and racemes of large, trumpet- produced in mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–1. (85cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, folded,
pale violet flowers on scapes 12–16in
shaped, violet flowers, to 24–30in (60–75cm) (30–40cm) long. Is suitable for a shaded f. aureonebulosa, syn. H. tokudama twisted and pointed, white to yellowish-
long, from mid- to late summer. Z3–9 H9–1. rock garden. Needs establishing in a pot ‘Aureonebulosa’, H. tokudama green leaves, with wide, dark green
H. ‘Regal Splendor’, illus. p.272. Clump- for first few years. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Paxton’s ‘Variegata’, illus. p.274. ‘Aureonebulosa’. margins. Funnel-shaped, lavender-blue
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Original’, syn. H. albomarginata, H. See H. tokudama f. aureonebulosa. flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm) long, are
Arching, grayish-blue leaves are suffused ‘Paxton’s Original’, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), is f. flavocircinalis (illus. p.272), often produced in mid- and late summer. Z3–9
white or yellow at margins. Lilac flowers, vigorous, and has round-tipped, mid- to mistaken for a juvenile H. sieboldiana H9–2.
on scapes 41/2ft (1.4m) long, are produced dark green leaves with irregular, white ‘Frances Williams’, has heart-shaped H. ‘Wide Brim’. Vigorous, clump-forming
in summer. Z3–9 H9–2. margins. Violet flowers are produced in leaves with wide, irregular, creamy-yellow perennial. H and S to 21/2ft (75cm). Leaves
H. ‘Remember Me’, illus. p.273. Densely late summer and are followed by ovoid, margins. Z3–9 H9–2. ‘Variegata’. See are heavily puckered and dark blue-green,
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H 16in glossy, dark green, then brown seed heads, H. tokudama f. aureonebulosa. with wide, irregular, creamy-white
(40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oval, which are useful for flower arrangements. H. ‘Tokudama’. See H. tokudama. margins. Produces white or very pale
bright ivory-white to creamy-yellow leaves H. ‘Snowden’. Clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Torchlight’. Clump-forming lavender flowers, on scapes 22in (55cm)
with irregular, green-margins. Tubular, H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Has large, perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 34in (85cm). long, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
lavender flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm) pointed, glaucous, blue leaves that mature Strongly red-streaked leaf stalks bear H. ‘Yellow River’. Clump-forming
long, are produced in mid-summer. Z3–9 to sage-green. Long stems produce white ovate, slightly folded, wavy, smooth, perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). Has
H9–2. flowers tinged with green, on thick scapes dark olive-green leaves lightly streaked ovate to heart-shaped, pointed, thick, dark
H. ‘Revolution’, illus. p.273. Clump- 3ft (1m) long, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. chartreuse, with irregular, ivory margins. green leaves with irregular, yellow
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 31/2ft H. ‘So Sweet’, illus. p.273. Clump-forming Bears funnel-shaped, rich lavender-blue margins. Leafy scapes, 3ft (1m) long, of
(1.1m). Ivory-white leaf stalks, finely perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 22in (55cm). Has flowers, on scapes 30in (75cm) long, in late funnel-shaped, very pale lavender-blue
outlined dark green, bear broadly ovate, ovate to lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green summer. Z3–9 H9–1. flowers are produced in early summer.
wavy, lustrous, green-flecked, ivory-cream leaves margined creamy-white. In mid- and H. undulata var. undulata, syn. Z3–9 H9–1.
leaves, margined and splashed dark green late summer, lavender-blue buds open to H. ‘Undulata’. Clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Zounds’. Slow-growing, clump-
and overlaid with light olive-green. In fragrant, funnel-shaped, purple-striped, H to 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Has lance- forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m).
mid-summer has narrowly funnel-shaped, white flowers on scapes 24in (60cm) long. shaped to elliptic or narrowly ovate, Large, bright gold leaves are corrugated
lavender-blue flowers on scapes 20in Z3–9 H9–2. slightly pointed, twisted, deeply channeled, and have metallic sheen. White or pale
(50cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. H. ‘Stiletto’. Vigorous, clump-forming mid-green leaves that are thin but leathery lavender flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm)
H. ‘Royal Standard’. Upright, clump- perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Has and strongly wavy-margined, with central, long, are produced in early summer. Z3–9 601
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft lance-shaped, rippled, mid-green leaves white or pale yellow-white markings. H9–1.
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HOTTONIA
Grow in rich, well-drained soil with partial flowers are borne on separate plants; large-size, specially “treated” bulbs of H.
HOTTONIA shade in summer. Water moderately when in female flower spikes become drooping orientalis cultivars by potting in early fall,
PRIMULACEAE full growth, sparingly at other times. Stems clusters known as “hops”. Needs sun or then keep cool and damp for several weeks
require support. Cut back and thin out partial shade and well-drained soil. to ensure adequate root systems develop.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
crowded stems after flowering or in spring. Propagate by tip cuttings in spring. When shoot tips are visible, move into max.
water plants, grown for their foliage and
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. H. lupulus (Hops). Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Aureus’ 50°F (10°C) at first, raising temperature as
delicate, primula-like flowers. Needs sun
H. australis, syn. H. darwinii. Moderately illus. p.194. more shoot appears and giving as much
and clear, cool water, still or running.
vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed, light as possible. After forcing, keep in
Periodically, thin overcrowded growth.
twining, root climber. H to 15ft (5m). Has a cool place to finish growth, then plant
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or
fleshy, rich green leaves. In summer
HUNNEMANNIA
out to recover. Propagate by offsets in
summer. PAPAVERACEAE
produces trusses of 20–50 fragrant, star- late summer or early fall. T All parts may
H. palustris, illus. p.435.
shaped, white flowers, with red-purple Genus of poppy-like perennials, usually cause stomach upset if ingested; contact
Houstonia serpyllifolia. See Hedyotis markings. Z14–15 H12–8. grown as annuals. Needs sun and very with the bulbs may aggravate skin
michauxii. H. bella. See H. lanceolata subsp. bella. well-drained soil. Dead-head plants allergies.
H. carnosa, illus. p.460. regularly. Provide support, especially in H. amethystinus. See Brimeura
H. coronaria. Slow-growing, evergreen, windy areas. Propagate by seed sown amethystina.
HOUTTUYNIA woody-stemmed, twining and root climber. under glass in early spring, or outdoors H. azureus. See Muscari azureum.
SAURURACEAE H 6–10ft (2–3m). Bears thick, leathery, oblong in mid-spring. H. orientalis (Common hyacinth).
Genus of one species of perennial or to oval leaves. In summer, bell-shaped, H. fumariifolia (Mexican tulip poppy). ‘Amsterdam’ Winter- or spring-flowering
yellow to white flowers are borne, each Z10–11 H12–9. ‘Sunlite’ is a fast-growing, bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 21/2 –4in
deciduous marginal water plant, with far-
spotted with red. Z13–15 H12–9. upright perennial, grown as an annual. (6–10cm). Has strap-shaped, channeled,
spreading rhizomes. Is sometimes used
H. darwinii of gardens. See H. australis. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oblong, semierect, glossy, basal leaves that develop
for groundcover, but can be quite invasive.
H. imperialis. Vigorous, evergreen, very divided, bluish-green leaves and, fully only after flowering. Flower stem
Prefers partial shade and moist soil or
woody-stemmed, twining and root climber. in summer and early fall, poppy-like, bears a dense, cylindrical spike of fragrant,
shallow water, beside streams and ponds.
H to 20ft (6m). Oval, leathery, fleshy, mid- semidouble, bright yellow flowers, to tubular, bright rose-red flowers, each with
Propagate by runners in spring.
green leaves, 4–9in (10–23cm) long, are 3in (8cm) wide. 6 recurving petals. ‘Blue Jacket’, illus.
H. cordata. Chameleon’, syn. H. cordata
covered with down. In summer produces p.403. ‘City of Haarlem’, illus. p.407.
‘Variegata’ illus. p.444. ‘Flore Pleno’, syn.
large, star-shaped, brown-purple to deep ‘Delft Blue’ has violet-flushed, soft blue
H. cordata ‘Plena’ is a spreading perennial.
magenta flowers, each with a cream center. HYACINTHELLA
H 6–24in (15–60cm), S indefinite. Spikes flowers. ‘Distinction’ produces slender,
Z12–15 H12–9. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE open spikes of reddish-purple flowers;
of insignificant flowers, surrounded by
H. lanceolata subsp. bella, syn. H. bella, Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown those of ‘Jan Bos’ are crimson. ‘Lady
8 or more oval, white bracts, are produced
illus. p.460. for their short spikes of small, bell-shaped Derby’ bears rose-pink flowers.
above aromatic, fleshy, leathery, heart-
H. macgillivrayi, illus. p.462. flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and ‘L’ Innocence’ has ivory-white flowers.
shaped, pointed leaves, in spring. Z6–11
H12–2. ‘Plena’. See H. cordata ‘Flore Pleno’. cold greenhouses. Requires an open, sunny ‘Ostara’ has a large spike of blue flowers,
‘Variegata’. See H. cordata ‘Chameleon’. HUERNIA situation and well-drained soil, which with a dark stripe along each petal center.
partially dries out while bulbs are dormant ‘Pink Pearl’ has a dense spike of carmine-
ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE
in summer. Propagate by seed in fall. pink flowers. Flowers of ‘Princess Maria
HOVENIA Genus of clump-forming, perennial H. leucophaea, illus. p.421. Christina’ are salmon-pink; those of
RHAMNACEAE succulents, grown for their finger-like, ‘Queen of the Pinks’ are soft pink.
H Genus of one species of deciduous,
usually 4-angled stems. Has minute, short-
lived, deciduous leaves on new growth. HYACINTHOIDES ‘Violet Pearl’ produces spikes of violet
summer-flowering tree, grown for its flowers. ‘White Pearl’, illus. p.415. Z5–9
Needs sun or partial shade and very well- SYN. ENDYMION
foliage. Young, immature growth is H9–1.
drained soil. Is one of easiest stapeliads to Bluebell
susceptible to frost damage. Prefers full
grow. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
sun and requires fertile, well-drained soil.
in spring or summer. HYDRANGEA
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
H. macrocarpa, syn. H. macrocarpa var. HYDRANGEACEAE
or by seed in fall. for their bluebell flowers. Is suitable for
arabica, illus. p.488. var. arabica. See
H. dulcis, illus. p.74. growing in borders and for naturalizing in Genus of deciduous shrubs and deciduous
H. macrocarpa.
grass beneath trees and shrubs. Requires or evergreen, root climbers, grown for
H. pillansii. Deciduous, clump-forming,
partial shade and plenty of moisture. their mainly domed or flattened flower
HOWEA perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).
Prefers heavy soil. Plant bulbs in fall 4–6in heads. Each head usually consists of
SYN. HOWEIA, KENTIA Has a finger-like, light green stem that is
(10–15cm) deep. Propagate by division in masses of small, inconspicuous, fertile
densely covered with short tubercles with
Sentry palm late summer or by seed in fall. T All parts flowers, surrounded by or mixed with
hairlike tips. Produces bell-shaped, creamy-
PALMAE/ARECACEAE may irritate skin on contact, and may much larger, sterile flowers bearing showy,
red flowers, with red spots, at base of new
Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their cause severe discomfort if ingested. petal-like sepals. However, in some forms,
growth, in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–10.
ornamental appearance. Needs partial shade H. hispanica of gardens. See H. x all or most of the flowers are sterile. Prefers
H. primulina. See H. thuretii var.
and rich, well-drained soil. Water container massartiana. full sun or partial shade and fertile, moist
primulina.
specimens freely in summer, minimally in H. italica, syn. Scilla italica. Spring- but well-drained soil. Needs more shade in
H. thuretii var. primulina, syn.
winter and moderately at other times. flowering bulb. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 2–3in dry areas. Propagate by softwood cuttings
H. primulina. Deciduous, clump-forming,
Propagate by seed in spring at not less than (5–8cm). Produces a basal cluster of in summer. T All parts of hydrangeas may
perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 6in
79°F (26°C). Is prone to red spider mite. narrowly strap-shaped, semierect leaves. cause mild stomach upset if ingested;
(15cm). Stems are short, thick and gray-
H. forsteriana, syn. Kentia fosteriana Leafless stem produces a conical spike of contact with the foliage may aggravate skin
green. In summer–fall, bell-shaped, dull
(Kentia palm, Thatch-leaf palm). Evergreen, many flattish, star-shaped, blue flowers, allergies. See also feature panel pp.134–135.
yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, with 1
upright palm with a slender stem. H 30ft /2in (1cm) across. Z4–9 H9–1. H. anomala subsp. petiolaris. See
reflexed, blackish tips, are produced at
(10m), S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has spreading, H. x massartiana (H. hispanica x H. non- H. petiolaris.
base of new growth. Z13–15 H12–10.
feather-shaped leaves, 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m) scripta), syn. H. hispanica, Scilla H. arborescens (Smooth hydrangea).
H. zebrina (Owl’s eyes). Deciduous, clump-
long, made up of strap-shaped leaflets. campanulata, Scilla hispanica, illus. p.403. ‘Annabelle’ (illus. p.134) Deciduous, open
forming, perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm),
Branching clusters of several spikes of H. non-scripta, syn. Scilla non-scripta, shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Long-stalked,
S 6in (15cm). Is similar to H. thuretii var.
small, greenish-brown flowers are Scilla nutans, illus. p.403. broadly oval leaves are glossy, dark green
primulina, but has pale yellow-green flowers
produced in winter. Z11–12 H12–1. above, paler beneath. Very large, rounded
with bands of red-brown. Z13–15 H12–10.
Howeia. See Howea.

HYACINTHUS heads of mainly sterile, white flowers are
Humea. See Calomeria. borne in summer. Z4–9 H9–1.
Hyacinth
‘Grandiflora’ has smaller flower heads
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
HOYA HUMULUS but larger sterile flowers. Z4–9 H9–1.
Genus of bulbs, grown for their dense H. aspera. Deciduous, upright shrub with
Wax flower Hops
spikes of fragrant, tubular flowers. Is ideal arching branches. H and S to 13ft (4m).
ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE CANNABACEAE for spring bedding displays and for pot Young stems are finely haired. Has lance-
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, Genus of herbaceous, twining climbers. cultivation indoors. Needs an open, sunny shaped to ovate, dark green leaves, downy
602 twining and/or root climbers and loose Is useful for concealing unsightly garden situation or partial shade and well-drained beneath. Pale blue, inner flowers,
shrubs, grown for their flowers and foliage. sheds or tree-stumps. Male and female soil. Plant in fall. For winter flowers, force surrounded by lilac-pink to white, outer
HYLOCEREUS
ones, are borne in summer. Z6–9 H9–5. pink. Foliage is light green. ‘Goliath’ panicles. ‘Limelight’ (illus. p.135), H 5½ft From mid- to late summer bears flat heads
‘Mauvette’ (illus. p.135) has slightly (Hortensia), H and S 3ft (1m), has dark (1.7m), S 7ft (2.2m), is robust and produces of pink, lilac or white inner and pink or
deeper purple-mauve flowers. subsp. green leaves and produces very large very dense, broadly conical panicles of blue outer flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Bluebird’
sargentiana, syn. H. sargentiana (illus. florets of soft pink to pale blue flowers in lime-green, sterile florets in mid-summer (illus. p.135) has pale pink, pale purple or
p.135), S 6ft (2m), is a gaunt shrub with small heads. ‘Hamburg’ (Hortensia), illus. gradually maturing to a mixture of lime- blue flowers. ‘Diadem’ (illus. p.134) has a
peeling bark, sturdy shoots and very large, p.134, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m), is vigorous green and warm pink by mid-fall. Needs compact habit and bright blue—sometimes
narrowly oval, bristly, dull green leaves, and has large, deep pink to deep blue moderate pruning. ‘Phantom’ (illus. pink—flowers. ‘Grayswood’ (illus. p.135),
gray down beneath. In late summer to mid- flowers with serrated sepals. ‘Lanarth p.134), H 5ft (1.5m), S 7ft (2.2m), is a robust, H and S 5ft (1.5m), is slow-growing and
fall bears broad heads of flowers, the inner White’ (Lacecap) , H and S 5ft (1.5m), has upright cultivar producing dense, conical, bears blue fertile flowers surrounded by
ones small and blue or deep purple, the pink or blue fertile flowers edged with pure rounded panicles of sterile, white florets, white to pink, sterile flowers. ‘Kiyosumi’
outer ones larger and white, sometimes white sterile flowers. ‘Libelle’ (Lacecap), flushed yellow-green at tips, in mid- (illus. p.134) produces purple, young leaves
flushed purplish-pink. Z7–8 H8–7. Villosa illus. p.135, H and S 5ft (1.5m), produces summer; these mature to warm, deep pink and pink to white fertile flowers
Group, syn. H. villosa illus. p.133. very pale blue flowers, fading to creamy- by early fall. Needs moderate to hard surrounded by red-edged, white sterile
H. bretschneideri. See H. heteromalla white, over a long period. ‘Lilacina’, syn. pruning. Flower heads of PINK DIAMOND flowers. ‘Preziosa’. See H. ‘Preziosa’.
‘Bretschneideri’. H. macrophylla ‘Mariesii Lilacina’ (‘Interhydia’), illus. p.135 turn pink with H. serratifolia, syn. H. integerrima,
H. heteromalla. Deciduous, arching (Lacecap), illus. p.134, H and S 6ft (2m), age. PINKY-WINKY (‘Dvppinky’), illus. illus. p.196.
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Narrowly has deep lilac central flowers and pinkish- p.134, H 4½ft (1.4m), S 5½ft (1.6m), has a H. villosa. See H. aspera Villosa Group.
oval, dark green leaves turn yellow in fall. purple outer flowers. ‘Madame Emile compact, upright, slightly spreading habit
Broad, flat, open heads of white flowers, Mouillère’ (Hortensia), illus. p.134 has with dark red stems, yellowish-green leaves
7in (17cm) across, are borne in mid- and white flowers, becoming pale pink, and and dense, tapered, conical panicles of
HYDROCHARIS
Frogbit
late summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Bretschneideri’, prefers partial shade. ‘Mariesii Lilacina’. lime-green, sterile florets in mid-summer;
syn. H. bretschneideri has peeling, chestnut- See H. macrophylla ‘Lilacina’. ‘Mariesii these mature to deep pink by early fall. HYDROCHARITACEAE
brown bark and large leaves, to 5in (12cm) Perfecta’, syn. H. macrophylla ‘Blue Wave’ Responds well to moderate pruning. Is Genus of one species of deciduous,
long and half as much wide. Z5–8 H8–5. (Lacecap) , H 6ft (2m), S to 8ft (2.5m), good in a small garden. ‘Praecox’ flowers perennial, floating water plant, grown for
‘Snowcap’ (illus. p.134) has large, flat, produces heads of rich blue or lilac to pink from mid-summer. ‘Silver Dollar’ (illus. its foliage and flowers. Requires an open,
white flower heads, to10in (25cm) across. flowers. ‘Möwe’ (Lacecap), illus. p.135, p.134), H 4ft (1.2m), S 5½ft (1.7m), is sunny position in still water. Propagate by
Z5–8 H8–5. H and S 3ft (1m), has broad, flat flower compact with strong stems supporting very detaching young plantlets as required.
H. integerrima. See H. serratifolia. heads ranging in color from purple-red to dense, rounded panicles of white, sterile H. morsus-ranae, illus. p.434.
H. involucrata. Deciduous, spreading, deep pink. ‘Nigra’ (Hortensia), H and S 3ft florets, tipped pale yellow-green, produced
open shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has (1m), has almost black stems bearing pink in mid-summer and maturing to pink in Hydrocleis. See Hydrocleys.
broadly heart-shaped, bristly, mid-green or occasionally blue flowers. ‘Preziosa’. mid-fall. Responds well to hard pruning.
leaves. In late summer–fall bears heads of See H. ‘Preziosa’. subsp. serrata. See H. Is very good in a small garden. ‘Tardiva’ HYDROCLEYS
small, blue, inner flowers surrounded by serrata. ‘Tokyo Delight’ (Lacecap), H and has both fertile and sterile flowers from SYN. HYDROCLEIS
large, pale blue to white, outer ones. Z7–9 S 3ft (1m), produces pink or white flowers early to mid-fall. ‘Unique’ is similar to
LIMNOCHARITACEAE/ALISMATACEAE
H9–7. ‘Hortensis’ is smaller and has maturing to red-wine. ‘Tricolor’ (Lacecap), H.p. ‘Grandiflora’, but is more vigorous
clusters of cream, pink and green flowers. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), has variegated, and has larger flowers. Genus of deciduous or evergreen, annual
H. longipes. Deciduous shrub with lax, gray-green and yellow leaves and bears H. petiolaris, syn. H. anomala subsp. or perennial, water plants, grown for their
spreading habit. H and S to 10ft (3m). pale pink to white in late summer. petiolaris, illus. p.195. floating foliage and flowers. Is best grown
Rounded to ovate, toothed, rough, gray- ‘Veitchii’ (Lacecap) has lilac-blue flowers. H. ‘Preziosa’, syn. H. macrophylla subsp. in large aquariums and tropical pools with
green leaves are produced on long leaf ‘Westfallen’ (Hortensia) , H and S 3ft serrata ‘Preziosa’, H. serrata ‘Preziosa’. good light. Propagate by seed when ripe or H
stalks. Has flat, white flower heads in mid- (1m), bears bright red to purple flowers. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), by tip cuttings year-round.
summer. H. paniculata (Panicle hydrangea). S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). Has oval, toothed, light H. nymphoides (Water poppy).
H. macrophylla (Bigleaf hydrangea, Vigorous, deciduous, spreading to green leaves. Pink flowers turn to deep Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant,
Florist’s hydrangea). Deciduous, bushy upright shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 8–10ft crimson. Z6–9 H9–6. evergreen in tropical conditions. S to 2ft
shrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). (2.5–3m). Has ovate, pointed, toothed, H. quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea). (60cm). Has floating, oval, mid-green leaves
Has oval, toothed, glossy, light green mid- to dark green leaves. In summer and Deciduous, bushy, mound-forming shrub. and poppy-like, yellow flowers held above
leaves. In mid- to late summer, blue or early fall produces large, usually conical H and S 6ft (2m). Deeply lobed, dark green foliage in summer. Considered invasive
purple flowers are produced in acid soils panicles of tiny, sometimes rose-tinted, leaves turn red and purple in fall. Has white in subtropical regions of North America.
with a pH of up to about 5.5. In neutral or creamy-white, fertile flowers surrounded flower heads from mid-summer to mid-fall. Z9–10 H10–7.
alkaline soils above this level, flowers are by large, petal-like, white, sterile flowers Z5–9 H9–5. SNOWFLAKE (‘Brido’), illus.
pink or red. White flowers are not affected (florets) that usually mature to varying p.134 produces pure white fertile flower HYGROPHILA
by pH. Prune older shoots back to base in shades of pink. Prune moderately to hard bracts surrounded by a double rank of
spring. Trim back winter-damaged shoots white sterile flower bracts.
ACANTHACEAE
annually to promote vigorous growth
to new growth and remove spent flower and large inflorescences. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Big H. sargentiana, syn. H. aspera subsp. Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
heads in spring. Is divided into 2 groups: Ben’ (illus. p.134), H and S 5½ft (1.7m), has sargentiana. Deciduous, upright, gaunt perennial, submerged water plants and
Hortensias, which have domed, dense an upright habit, red stems and, in mid- shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling marsh plants, grown for their foliage.
heads of mainly sterile flowers; and summer, produces masses of large, conical bark, sturdy shoots and very large, Remove fading leaves regularly. Propagate
Lacecaps, which have flat, open heads, panicles of pale green, sterile florets that narrowly oval, bristly, dull green leaves by stem cuttings in spring or summer.
each with fertile flowers in center and turn white and then mature to deep pink with gray down beneath. In late summer to H. corymbosa ‘Stricta’. Deciduous, erect
larger, sterile flowers on outside that are in mid-fall. Needs moderate to hard mid-fall bears broad heads of flowers, the perennial suited to pond margins. H and S
green in bud. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Altona’ pruning. ‘Brussels Lace’ has dark green inner ones small and blue or deep purple, 12in (30cm). Long, slender leaves are
(Hortensia), illus. p.134, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft leaves and white flowers in late summer the outer ones larger and white, sometimes purple in spring and fall. Clusters of blue
(1.5m), has large heads of rich pink to deep and early fall. Needs moderate pruning. flushed purplish-pink. Z7–8 H8–7. flowers bloom on the main stem in
purple-blue flowers. ‘Ami Pasquier’ ‘Dharuma’ (illus. p.135), H and S 4ft H. scandens subsp. chinensis. summer. Z9-11, H12-8.
(Hortensia), illus. p.135, H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1.2m), is a compact, relatively slow- Deciduous, woody-stemmed, scandent
(1m), is compact, with deep crimson or growing cultivar with mahogany-red shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Has spreading, HYLOCEREUS
blue-purple flowers. ‘Ayesha’ (Hortensia), stems, dark green leaves and rounded often pendent, branchlets and lance-
illus. p.135, H and S 3ft (1m), has flattened panicles of white, sterile florets in mid- shaped, slightly leathery, toothed, mid- CACTACEAE
heads of pink to lilac flowers and deep summer; these mature to deep pink by green leaves. In summer produces Genus of fast-growing, perennial cacti,
green leaves. ‘Blue Bonnet’ (Hortensia), mid-fall. Is best left unpruned or given numerous, flattened flower heads with grown for their erect, slender, climbing
illus. p.135, H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m), only light pruning annually. Is good in a central clusters of small, white, sterile stems that are jointed into sections, and
produces heads of rich blue or lilac to pink small garden. ‘Floribunda’ has dense flowers and several blue to white, sterile many aerial roots. Makes successful
flowers. ‘Blue Wave’. See H. macrophylla conical heads of small, fertile, central flowers along the margins. Is suitable for grafting stock, except in northern Europe.
‘Mariesii Perfecta’.‘Europa’ (Hortensia), flowers surrounded by large, white ray training along a low wall. Z7–9 H9–7. Needs sun or partial shade and very well-
illus. p.135, H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m), flowers. ‘Grandiflora’ has large, oval H. seemannii, illus. p.196. drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
produces large florets of rich pink flowers. and dark green leaves. Large, conical H. serrata, syn. H. macrophylla subsp. in spring or summer.
Flower heads of ‘Générale Vicomtesse panicles of mostly sterile, white flowers serrata (Mountain hydrangea). Deciduous, H. undatus (Night-blooming cereus,
de Vibraye’ (Hortensia), illus. p.134, H and turn pink or red from late summer. Prune bushy, dense shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Queen-of-the-night). Fast-growing, 603
S 5ft (1.5m), are rounded and pale blue or back hard in spring to obtain largest Has slender stems and light green leaves. climbing, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m),
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HYLOMECON
S indefinite. Has freely branching, H. flavum (Australian frangipani). H. x moserianum. Deciduous, arching S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has very slender, narrowly
3-angled, weakly spined, dark green stems, Evergreen, erect shrub or tree, gradually shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Small, lance-shaped, erect leaves. Stems each
3in (7cm) wide and jointed into sections. spreading with age. H 30ft (10m) or more, bowl-shaped, yellow flowers are produced produce an upward-facing flower with
In summer bears flattish, white flowers, S 15ft (5m) or more. Has oval to oblong, above oval, dark green leaves from mid- pointed, white or yellow petals and purple
12in (30cm) across, that last only one night. lustrous, rich green leaves. In spring– summer to mid-fall. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Tricolor’ eye. Z9–10 H10–9.
Z11 H12–10. summer bears terminal panicles of very has leaves margined white and pink. H. stellata. See H. capensis.
fragrant, tubular, 5-petaled, cream flowers Prefers a sheltered position.
H. olympicum. Deciduous, upright,
HYLOMECON that age to deep sulfur-yellow. Z9–11 H12–9.
slightly spreading, dense subshrub.
HYPSELA
PAPAVERACEAE H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to 6in (15cm). Tufts CAMPANULACEAE
Genus of one species of vigorous perennial,
HYPERICUM of upright stems are covered in small, oval, Genus of vigorous, creeping perennials,
St. John’s-wort
grown for its large, cup-shaped flowers. Is gray-green leaves. Produces terminal grown for their flowers and heart-shaped
good for rock gardens, borders and HYPERICACEAE/CLUSIACEAE clusters of up to 5 cup-shaped, bright leaves. Is good as groundcover, especially
woodlands but may be invasive. Prefers Genus of perennials and deciduous, yellow flowers in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. in rock gardens. Needs shade and moist
partial shade and rich, moist soil. semievergreen or evergreen subshrubs and ‘Sulphureum’. See H. olympicum soil. Propagate by division in spring.
Propagate by division in spring or by shrubs, grown for their conspicuous yellow f. uniflorum‘Citrinum’. f. uniflorum H. longiflora. See H. reniformis.
seed in fall. flowers with prominent stamens. Large ‘Citrinum’, syn. H. olympicum H. reniformis, syn. H. longiflora.
H. japonica, illus. p.335. species and cultivars need sun or partial ‘Sulphureum’ illus. p.343. Vigorous, creeping, stemless perennial.
shade and fertile, not too dry soil. Smaller H. patulum. Evergreen or semievergreen, H 3/4in (2cm), S indefinite. Has tiny, heart-
Hylotelephium anacampseros. See upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Large, shaped, fleshy leaves and, in spring–
types, which are good in rock gardens,
Sedum anacampseros. cup-shaped, golden-yellow flowers are summer, small, star-shaped, pink-and-
do best in full sun and well-drained soil.
Hylotelephium cauticola. See Sedum produced above oval, dark green leaves white flowers. Z7–9 H9–7.
Propagate species subshrubs and shrubs
cauticola. from mid-summer to mid-fall. Z7–9 H9–7.
by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
Hylotelephium ewersii. See Sedum H. patulum var. grandiflorum. See
ewersii.
in fall, cultivars by softwood cuttings only
H. kouytchense.
HYSSOPUS
in summer, perennials by seed or division Hyssop
Hylotelephium populifolium. See H. reptans. Deciduous, mat-forming
in fall or spring. Is generally trouble-free
Sedum populifolium. shrub. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Oval, LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
but H. x inodorum ‘Elstead’ is susceptible
Hylotelephium sieboldii. See Sedum green leaves turn yellow or bright red in
to rust, which produces orange spots on Genus of perennials and semievergreen or
sieboldii. fall. In summer produces flattish, golden-
leaves, H. ‘Hidcote’ to a virus that makes deciduous shrubs, grown for their flowers,
Hylotelephium spectabile. See Sedum yellow flowers, crimson-flushed outside.
leaves narrow and variegated. which attract bees and butterflies, and for
spectabile. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z7–9 H9–7.
H. balearicum. Evergreen, compact their aromatic foliage, which has culinary
Hylotelephium tatarinowii. See Sedum H. rhodoppeum. See H. cerastioides.
shrub. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Small, oval, and medicinal uses. May be grown as a low
tatarinowii. H. ‘Rowallane’, illus. p.206.
green leaves have wavy edges and rounded hedge. Requires full sun and fertile, well-
Hymenanthera crassifolia. See
tips. Solitary, large, fragrant, shallowly drained soil. Cut back hard or, if grown as
Melicytus crassifolius. Hypocyrta radicans. See Nematanthus
cup-shaped, yellow flowers are produced a hedge, trim lightly, in spring. Propagate
Hymenanthera. See Melicytus. gregarius.
at stem tips above foliage from early by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
Hypocyrta strigillosa. See Nematanthus
summer to fall. Z6–9 H9–6. in fall.
strigillosus.
HYMENOCALLIS H. beanii ‘Gold Cup’. See H. x H. officinalis, illus. p.157. subsp.
Spider lily cyathiflorum ‘Gold Cup’. aristatus is a semievergreen or deciduous,
H AMARYLLIDACEAE H. bellum. Semievergreen, arching shrub. HYPOESTES upright, dense shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft
H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Cup-shaped, Polka-dot plant (1m). Aromatic, narrowly lance-shaped
Genus of bulbs, some of which are leaves are bright green. Densely clustered,
evergreen, grown for their fragrant golden-yellow flowers are borne from ACANTHACEAE
mid-summer to early fall. Shoots are small, 2-lipped, dark blue flowers are
flowers, somewhat like those of large Genus of mainly evergreen perennials, produced from mid-summer to early fall.
daffodils. Needs a sheltered site, full sun red. Oval, wavy-edged, mid-green leaves shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
redden in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. Z6–8 H9–2.
or partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant flowers and foliage. Needs bright light and
in early summer, lifting for winter in cold H. calycinum, illus. p.161. well-drained soil. Water often in growing
districts. Alternatively, grow in a heated H. cerastioides, syn. H. rhodoppeum. season, less in winter. Cut back straggly
greenhouse; reduce water in winter, Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with upright stems. Propagate by stem cuttings in
without drying out completely, then repot and arching branches. H 6in (15cm) or spring or summer. H. phyllostachya may
in spring. Propagate by offsets in spring more, S 16–20in (40–50cm). Leaves are oval, be grown as an annual using seed sown in
or early summer. hairy and soft grayish-green. In late spring spring.
H. calathina. See Ismene narcissiflora. and early summer produces masses of H. aristata (Ribbon bush). Evergreen,
H. festalis. See Ismene x deflexa. saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers in bushy perennial or subshrub. H to 3ft (1m),
H. x macrostephana. See Ismene x terminal clusters. Cut back hard after S 2ft (60cm). Has oval, mid-green leaves, to
macrostephana. flowering. Is suitable for a large rock 3in (8cm) long. Small, tubular, deep pink
H. narcissiflora. See Ismene narcissiflora. garden. Z6–9 H9–6. to purple flowers are produced in terminal
H. speciosa. Evergreen, winter-flowering H. coris. Evergreen, open, dome-shaped, spikes in late winter. Z14–15 H12–10.
bulb. H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has occasionally prostrate, subshrub. H 6–12in H. phyllostachya, syn. H. sanguinolenta,
broadly elliptic, semierect, basal leaves. (15–30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Bears illus. p.300.
Produces a head of 5–10 fragrant, white long-stemmed whorls of 3 or 4 pointed, H. sanguinolenta of gardens. See H.
or green-white flowers, 8–12in (20–30cm) oval leaves. Produces panicles of shallowly phyllostachya.
wide, with a funnel-shaped cup and 6 long, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
narrow petals. Z14–15 H12–10. streaked red, in summer. Is suitable for
H. x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’. See a sheltered rock garden. Z7–9 H9–7.
HYPOXIS
Starflower
Ismene x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’. H. x cyathiflorum ‘Gold Cup’, syn. H.
beanii ‘Gold Cup’. Semievergreen, arching HYPOXIDACEAE
shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces pinkish-
HYMENOSPORUM brown shoots, oval, dark green leaves and,
Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
corms, grown for their flat, star-shaped
Australian frangipani
from mid-summer to early fall, large, cup- flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens.
PITTOSPORACEAE shaped, golden-yellow flowers. Z8–9 H9–8. Requires full sun and light, well-drained
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub H. empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum. soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
or tree, grown for its flowers and overall See H. empetrifolium var. prostratumof H. angustifolia. Summer-flowering corm.
appearance. Prefers full sun, though some gardens. var. prostratum of gardens, H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has
shade is tolerated. Requires rich, well- syn. H. empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum slender, hairy, semierect, basal leaves.
drained soil, ideally neutral to acid. Water illus. p.373. Stems each bear 3–7 star-shaped, yellow
container specimens freely when in full H. ‘Hidcote’, illus. p.160. flowers. Z11–14 H12–8.
growth, less at other times. Propagate by H. x inodorum ‘Elstead’, illus. p.161. H. capensis, syn. H. stellata, Spiloxene
604 seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring or H. kouytchense, syn. H. patulum var. capensis. Spring-flowering corm with a
by semiripe cuttings in late summer. grandiflorum, illus. p.161. basal leaf cluster. H 4–8in (10–20cm),
ILEX
I
early winter. Holly leaf miners and holly shrimp-pink when young. Bears an Branches are dark purple when young.
aphids may cause problems. T Berries abundance of bright red berries. Is good Oval, puckered, slightly spiny leaves are
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. for hedging. ‘Argentea Marginata dark green. Produces a good crop of red
See also feature panel p.94. Pendula’, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a berries. Is useful as a hedge or for a tub.
I. x altaclerensis. Group of vigorous, slow-growing, weeping, female tree with ‘Madame Briot’ (illus. p.94), H 30ft (10m),
IBERIS evergreen shrubs and trees. Is resistant to purple young branches and broadly oval, S 15ft (5m), is a vigorous, bushy, female tree
Candytuft pollution and coastal exposure. Z7–9 H9–7. spiny, dark green leaves, mottled with with purplish-green young branches.
‘Balearica’ (illus. p.94) is an erect, female gray-green and broadly edged with cream. Leaves are large, broadly oval, spiny and
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m). Has green to Bears red fruits. Is good as a specimen dark green with bright golden borders.
Genus of annuals, perennials, evergreen olive-green young branches and large, plant in a small garden. ‘Atlas’, H 15ft Bears scarlet berries. ‘Ovata Aurea’,
subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their broadly oval, spiny- or smooth-edged, (5m), S 10ft (3m), is an erect, male shrub H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense, male
flowers and excellent for rock gardens. glossy, dark green leaves. Freely produces with green young branches and oval, shrub with reddish-brown young branches
Some species are short-lived, flowering large, bright red berries. ‘Belgica’, spiny, glossy, dark green leaves. Is useful and oval, regularly spiny, dark green leaves
themselves to death. Requires sun and H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m), is an erect, dense, for landscaping and hedging. ‘Aurea with bright golden margins. ‘Pyramidalis’,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in female tree. Young branches are green to Regina’. See I. aquifolium ‘Golden Queen’. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a dense, female
spring, subshrubs and shrubs by semiripe yellowish-green. Has large, lance-shaped ‘Aurifodina’, H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m), is tree that does not require cross-fertilization
cuttings in summer. to oblong, spiny- or smooth-edged, glossy, an erect, dense, female shrub with purplish to produce fruits. Has green young
I. amara, illus. p.299. ‘Giant Hyacinth- mid-green leaves. Large, orange-red fruits young branches. Oval, spiny leaves are branches and narrowly elliptic, slightly
flowered’ is a group of fast-growing, are freely produced. ‘Belgica Aurea’, syn. olive-green with golden margins that turn spiny, mid-green leaves. Produces masses of
upright, bushy annuals. H 12in (30cm), I. x altaclerensis ‘Silver Sentinel’, I. perado tawny-yellow in winter. Produces a good scarlet fruits. Is suitable for a small garden.
S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green ‘Aurea’ (illus. p.94), H 25ft (8m), S 10ft (3m), crop of deep scarlet fruits. f. bacciflava. ‘Pyramidalis Aureomarginata’ (illus.
leaves and, in summer, flattish heads is an upright, female tree. Young branches See I. a. ‘Bacciflava’. ‘Bacciflava’, syn. p.94), H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is an upright,
of large, scented, 4-petaled flowers in are green with yellow streaks. Has large, I. a. bacciflava (illus. p.94), H 70ft (20m), female shrub with green young branches
a variety of colors. Z11 H10–1. lance-shaped, mainly spineless, dark green S 20ft (6m), is a much-branched, usually and narrowly elliptic, mid-green leaves
I. commutata. See I. sempervirens . leaves, mottled with gray-green and erect shrub or tree with variably shaped, with prominent, golden margins and spines
I. saxatilis, illus. p.360. irregularly edged with yellow. Red berries wavy, sharply spined, glossy, dark green on upper half. Bears a large crop of red
I. sempervirens, syn. I. commutata, illus. are produced only rarely. ‘Camelliifolia’ leaves and yellow fruits. ‘Crispa berries. ‘Pyramidalis Fructu Luteo’,
p.332. ‘Schneeflocke’. See I. sempervirens (illus. p.94), H 46ft (14m), S 10ft (3m), is a Aureopicta’, H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m), H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is a conical, female
‘Snowflake’. ‘Snowflake’, syn. narrow, pyramidal, female tree with purple is a male tree of open habit. Narrowly oval, shrub that broadens with age. Branches
I. sempervirens ‘Schneeflocke’ is an young branches and large, oblong, mainly twisted, sparsely spiny, blackish-green are green when young. Has oval, often
evergreen, spreading subshrub. H 6–12in smooth-edged, glossy, dark green leaves. leaves are centrally blotched with golden- spineless, dark green leaves and bears
(15–30cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). Leaves are Reliably produces large, scarlet fruits; is an yellow. Foliage tends to revert to plain yellow berries. Is excellent for a small
narrowly oblong, glossy and dark green. excellent specimen tree. ‘Camelliifolia green. ‘Ferox’ (Hedgehog holly), H 20ft garden. ‘Scotica’, H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m),
Dense, semi-spherical heads of 4-petaled, Variegata’ (illus. p.94), H 25ft (8m), (6m), S 12ft (4m), is an open, male shrub is a large, stiff, compact, female shrub with
white flowers are produced in late spring S 10ft (3m), is similar to I. x a. ‘Camelliifolia’, with purple young branches and oval, dark oval, usually spineless, slightly twisted,
and early summer. Trim after flowering. but leaves have broad, yellow margins. green leaves with spines over the entire glossy, very dark green leaves and red
Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Golden King’ (illus. p.94), H 20ft (6m), leaf surface. ‘Ferox Argentea’ (illus. p.94) fruits. ‘Silver King’. See I. aquifolium
I. umbellata (Globe candytuft). Fast- S 15ft (5m), is a bushy, female shrub. Young is similar to I.a. ‘Ferox’, but has leaves with ‘Silver Queen’. ‘Silver Milkboy’. See
growing, upright, bushy annual. H 6–12in branches are green with a purplish flush. cream margins. ‘Flavescens’ (Moonlight I. aquifolium ‘Silver Milkmaid’. ‘Silver
(15–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, Has large, oblong to oval, sometimes holly), H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a Milkmaid’, syn. I. aquifolium ‘Silver I
mid-green leaves. Heads of small, slightly spiny, dark green leaves, splashed columnar, female shrub with purplish-red Milkboy’ (illus. p.94), H 18ft (5.5m), S 12ft
4-petaled, white or pale purple flowers, with gray-green in center and with bright young branches. Variably shaped leaves (4m), is a dense, female shrub. Oval, wavy-
sometimes bicolored, are produced in yellow margin that turns to cream on older are dark green, with yellowish flush when edged, very spiny leaves are bronze when
summer and early fall. H12–1. Fairy leaves. Is not a good fruiter, bearing only a young that will last year-round when young, maturing to bright green, each
Series, illus. p.304. few reddish-brown berries, but is excellent grown in good light. Produces plentiful, with a central, creamy-white blotch, but
as a hedge or a specimen plant. red berries. ‘Golden Milkboy’ (illus. p.94), tend to revert to plain green. Produces an
IDESIA ‘Hodginsii’, H 46ft (14m), S 30ft (10m), is H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense, male abundance of scarlet berries. Makes an
a vigorous, dense, male tree. Shoots are shrub with purplish-green young branches excellent specimen plant. ‘Silver Queen’,
FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE purple; leaves are broadly oval, sparsely and oval, very spiny, bright green leaves syn. I. aquifolium ‘Silver King’ (illus. p.94),
Genus of one species of deciduous, spiny and glossy, blackish-green. with heavily blotched, bright yellow H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense shrub
summer-flowering tree, grown for its ‘Lawsoniana’, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is centers. Leaves tend to revert to plain that, despite its name, is male. Has purple
foliage and fruits. Both male and female a bushy, female shrub. Is similar to I. x a. green. ‘Golden Queen’, syn. I. aquifolium young branches. Oval, spiny leaves, pink
plants are required to obtain fruits. Needs ‘Golden King’, but has leaves splashed ‘Aurea Regina’, H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m), is when young, mature to very dark green,
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but irregularly in center with gold and lighter a dense tree that, despite its name, is male. almost black, with broad, cream edging.
well-drained soil, preferably neutral to green. Foliage tends to revert to plain Broadly oval, very spiny, mid-green leaves ‘Watereriana’, syn. I. aquifolium
acidic. Propagate by softwood cuttings green. ‘N.F. Barnes’, H 18ft (5.5m), are edged with golden-yellow. ‘Golden ‘Waterer’s Gold’, H and S 15ft (5m), is
in summer or by seed in fall. S 12ft (4m), is a dense, female shrub with van Tol’, H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m), a sport a dense, male bush with green young
I. polycarpa, illus. p.75. purple shoots, oval, mainly entire but of I.a. ‘J.C. van Tol’, is an upright, female branches streaked yellow. Oval, spiny- or
spine-tipped, glossy, dark green leaves shrub with purple young branches. Oval, smooth-edged, grayish-green leaves have
ILEX and red berries. ‘Silver Sentinel’. See puckered, slightly spiny, dark green leaves broad, golden margins. Is best grown as a
I. x altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’.‘Wilsonii’, have irregular, clear yellow margins. specimen plant. ‘Waterer’s Gold’. See
Holly
H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m), is a vigorous, Produces a sparse crop of red fruits. Is I. aquifolium ‘Watereriana’.
AQUIFOLIACEAE female tree with purplish-green young good for hedging or as a specimen plant. I. x aquipernyi. Evergreen, upright shrub.
Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and branches and large, oblong to oval, glossy, ‘Handsworth New Silver’, H 25ft (8m), H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has small, oval,
shrubs, grown for their foliage and fruits mid-green leaves with prominent veins S 15ft (5m), is a dense, columnar, female spiny, glossy, dark green leaves with long
Mainly spherical berries, ranging in color and large spines. Freely produces large, shrub with purple branches. Oblong to tips. Berries are large and red. Z6–8 H8–6.
from red through yellow to black, are scarlet fruits and makes a good hedging oval, spiny, dark green leaves have broad, I. chinensis. See I. purpurea .
produced in fall, following insignificant, or specimen plant. cream margins. Bears a profusion of bright I. ciliospinosa. Evergreen, upright shrub
usually white, flowers borne in spring. I. aquifolium (English holly), illus. p.94. red fruits. Is excellent as a hedge or or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has small,
Almost all plants are unisexual, and to Evergreen, much-branched, erect shrub or specimen plant and is good for a small oval, weak-spined, dull green leaves and
obtain fruits on a female plant a male also tree. H 70ft (20m), S 20ft (6m). Has variably garden. ‘Hascombensis’, H 5ft (1.5m), red berries. Z6–9 H9–6.
needs to be grown. All prefer well-drained shaped, wavy, sharply spined, glossy, dark S 3–4ft (1–1.2m), is a slow-growing, dense I. cornuta (Chinese holly). Evergreen,
soil. Grow in sun or shade, but deciduous green leaves and bright red berries. Z7–9 shrub of unknown sex with purplish-green dense, rounded shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft
plants and those with variegated foliage do H9–7. ‘Amber’, illus. p.92. ‘Argentea young branches and small, oval, spiny, (5m). Rectangular, dull green leaves are
best in sun or partial shade. Hollies resent Marginata’ (illus. p.94), H 46ft (14m), dark green leaves. Does not produce spiny except on older bushes. Produces
being transplanted, but respond well to S 15ft (5m), is a columnar, female tree berries. Is suitable for a rock garden. ‘J.C. large, red berries. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Burfordii’,
hard pruning which should be done in late with green young branches streaked with van Tol’, H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is an S 8ft (2.5m), is female, has glossy leaves
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by cream. Broadly oval, spiny, dark green open, female shrub that does not require with only a terminal spine and bears a 605
semiripe cuttings from late summer to leaves, with wide, cream margins, are cross-fertilization to produce fruits. profusion of fruits. Z6–9 H9–1. ‘Rotunda’,
www.ebook777.com
ILEX
H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), is also female and I. macrocarpa. Deciduous, upright tree. I. floridanum (Purple anise). Evergreen, small, double or semidouble flowers, in
produces a small crop of fruits; is useful for H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, oval, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Lance- shades of red or pink. Fiesta Series
a tub or small garden. saw-toothed, mid-green leaves and very shaped, leathery, deep green leaves are ‘Fiesta Apple Blossom’, H 10–16in
I. crenata (Japanese holly). Evergreen, large, black berries. Z7–9 H9–7. very aromatic. Star-shaped, red or (25–40cm), S 10–14in (25– 35cm), is a
spreading shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft I. x meserveae (Blue holly). Group of purplish-red flowers, with numerous, mound-forming, well branched and
(3m). Has very small, oval, dark green vigorous, evergreen, dense shrubs. Does narrow petals, are produced in late spring prolific. Produces fully double, dark-
leaves with rounded teeth. Bears glossy, not thrive in a maritime climate. Has oval, and early summer. Z7–9 H9–4. centered, blush-pink flowers in summer–
black fruits. Is useful for landscaping or glossy, greenish-blue leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. fall. Is good in a hanging basket or other
as hedging. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Bullata’. See BLUE PRINCESS (‘Conapri’), illus. p.94, container or in a border. Hates drought.
H 10ft (3m), S 4ft (1.2m), is female and has
IMPATIENS MASQUERADE (‘Tuckmas’), illus. p.307.
I. crenata ‘Convexa’. ‘Convexa’, syn. I.
Balsam, Busy Lizzie
crenata ‘Bullata’ (illus. p.94), H 8ft (2.5m ), purplish-green young branches, small, Super Elfin Series, H and S 8in (20cm),
S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m ), is a dense, female shrub oval, wavy, spiny leaves and an abundance BALSAMINACEAE has flowers in mixed colors. Swirl Series
with purplish-green young branches and of red fruits. Genus of annuals and mainly evergreen plants, H 6–8in (15–20cm), S to 24in (60cm),
oval, puckered, glossy leaves. Bears glossy, I. opaca (American holly). Evergreen, perennials and subshrubs, often with have light green to red-flushed stems and
black fruits. ‘Helleri’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3–4ft erect tree. H 46ft (14m), S 4ft (1.2m). Does succulent but brittle stems. In cold leaves. In summer bear pink- and-orange
(1–1.2m), is a spreading, female shrub with not thrive in a maritime climate. Oval climates, some may be herbaceous. Prefers flowers margined in rose-red. Tempo
green young branches, oval leaves with leaves are dull green above, yellow-green sun or partial shade and moist but not Series, H to 9in (23cm), include shades
few spines and glossy, black fruits. Is much beneath and spiny- or smooth-edged. Has waterlogged soil. Propagate by seed or by of violet, orange, pink and red, as well
used for landscaping. f. latifolia, syn. I. red fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. stem cuttings in spring or summer. Red as bicolors and picotees.
crenata ‘Latifolia’, H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m), I. pedunculosa (Longstalk holly). spider mite, aphids and whitefly may cause
Evergreen, upright shrub or tree. H 30ft
is a spreading to erect, female shrub or tree problems under glass. IMPERATA
with green young branches and broadly (10m), S 20ft (6m). Oval, dark green leaves I. balsamina, illus. p.300. ‘Blackberry
oval leaves with tiny teeth. Produces glossy, are smooth-edged. Bright red berries are Ice’ is a fast-growing, upright, bushy GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
black berries. ‘Latifolia’. See I. crenata borne on very long stalks. Z6–9 H9–6. annual. H 28in (70cm), S 18in (45cm). See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
f. latifolia. var. paludosa, H 6–12in I. perado ‘Aurea’. See I. x altaclerensis Half hardy. Has lance-shaped, pale and SEDGES.
(15–30cm), S indefinite, is a prostrate shrub ‘Belgica Aurea’. green leaves and, in summer and early fall, I. cylindrica ‘Rubra’, illus. p.285.
or tree with very small, oval, dark green I. pernyi, illus. p.94. Slow-growing, large, double, purple flowers, splashed
leaves with rounded teeth. Bears glossy, evergreen, stiff shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft with white. H12–1. Tom Thumb Series,
INCARVILLEA
black fruits. ‘Variegata’, H 12ft (4m), (4m). Has pale green young branches and H to 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm), is a dwarf,
S 8ft (2.5m), is an open, male shrub. Oval small, oblong, spiny, dark green leaves. sparsely branched, slightly hairy annual BIGNONIACEAE
leaves are spotted or blotched with yellow, Produces red berries. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Jermyns with toothed leaves. From summer to early Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering
but tend to revert to plain green. Dwarf’, syn. I. ‘Jermyns Dwarf’, H 2ft fall produces double, pink, scarlet, violet or perennials, suitable for rock gardens and
I. dipyrena (Himalayan holly). Evergreen, (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m), is low-growing and white flowers. H12–1. borders. Protect crowns with straw or
dense, upright tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft female, with glossy, very spiny leaves. I. Expo Series ‘Expo Pink’, illus. p.307. compost in winter. Requires sun and fertile,
(8m). Elliptic, dull green leaves are spiny I. purpurea, syn. I. chinensis. Evergreen, I. Fusion Series FUSION PEACH FROST well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall
when young, later smooth-edged. Bears upright tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). (‘Balfuspeafro’), illus. p.325. or spring.
large, red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. Oval, thin-textured, glossy, dark green I. New Guinea Group ‘Mimas’. I. delavayi, illus. p.265.
I. fargesii. Evergreen, broadly conical leaves have rounded teeth. Lavender Subshrubby hybrid perennial, grown I. mairei, illus. p.265.
tree or shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). flowers are followed by egg-shaped, as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 14–16in
I Has green or purple shoots and oval, glossy, scarlet fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. (35–40cm). Opposite or whorled, toothed,
INDIGOFERA
small-toothed, mid- to dark green leaves. I. serrata (Japanese winterberry). mid-green leaves often have central
Produces red berries. Z6–9 H9–6. var. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 12ft (4m), yellowish-green marks. Bears large, red LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
brevifolia, H 12ft (4m), is dense S 8ft (2.5m). Small, oval, finely toothed, open-faced flowers in spring–fall. Z9–15 Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs,
and rounded. bright green leaves are downy when H7–1. grown for their foliage and small, pealike
I. georgei. Evergreen, compact shrub. young. Pink flowers are followed by small, I. niamniamensis. Evergreen, bushy flowers. Cold weather often cuts plants to
H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Has small, lance- red fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. f. leucocarpa perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S 1ft (30cm). ground, but they usually regrow from the
shaped or oval, weak-spined, glossy, dark bears white berries. Has reddish-green stems and oval, toothed base in spring. Needs full sun and fertile,
green leaves with long tips. Berries are red. I. verticillata (Winterberry), illus. p.94. leaves. Showy, 5-petaled, hooded, well-drained soil. Cut out dead wood in
Z5–8 H8–5. Deciduous, dense, suckering shrub. H 6ft yellowish-green flowers, each with a long, spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings
I. glabra (Inkberry). Evergreen, dense, (2m), S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Young branches orange, red, crimson or purple spur, are in summer or by seed in fall.
upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). are purplish-green. Produces oval or lance- produced in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–1. I. decora. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 11/2ft
Small, oblong to oval, dark green leaves are shaped, saw-toothed, bright green leaves. ‘Congo Cockatoo’ has red, green and (45cm), S 3ft (1m). Glossy, dark green leaves
smooth-edged or may have slight teeth Bears masses of long-lasting, red berries yellow flowers. each have 7–13 oval leaflets. Long spikes of
near tips. Produces black fruits. Z5–9 H9–3. that remain on bare branches in winter. I. oliveri. See I. sodenii . pink or white flowers are borne from mid-
I. insignis. See I. kingiana . Z5–8 H8–5. I. repens, illus. p.476. to late summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
I. integra. Evergreen, dense, bushy I. yunnanensis. Evergreen, spreading I. sodenii, syn. I. oliveri. Evergreen, I. dielsiana, illus. p.152.
shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has to erect shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m). strong-growing, bushy perennial. H 4ft I. gerardiana. See I. heterantha .
oval, blunt-tipped, bright green leaves Branches are downy. Small, oval leaves, (1.2m) or more, S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly I. heterantha, syn. I. gerardiana, illus.
with smooth edges. Bears large, deep red with rounded teeth, are brownish-green oval, toothed leaves are in whorls of 4–10. p.133.
berries. Z7–11 H10–7. when young, glossy, dark green in Almost flat, white or pale pink to mauve I. pseudotinctoria. Deciduous, arching
I. ‘Jermyns Dwarf’. See I. pernyi maturity. Produces red berries. Z5–8 flowers are produced mainly in summer. shrub. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 6ft (2m). Each
‘Jermyns Dwarf’. H8–5. Z10–15 H12–1. dark green leaf has usually 7–9 oval leaflets.
I. kingiana, syn. I. insignis. Evergreen, I. Sunpatiens Series SUNPATIENS Long, dense racemes of small, pale pink
upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Very COMPACT ORANGE (‘Sakimp011’), illus. flowers are borne in mid-summer to early
ILLICIUM
large, oblong, leathery, dark green leaves p.325. fall. Z7–9 H9–7.
have small spines. Berries are bright red. ILLICIACEAE/SCHISANDRACEAE I. tinctoria, illus. p.216.
Z7–9 H9–7. Genus of evergreen, spring- to early I. walleriana (Busy lizzie, Patience plant).
I. x koehneana. Evergreen, conical shrub.
INULA
summer-flowering trees and shrubs, grown Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy perennial,
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Young branches are for their foliage and unusual flowers. Does usually grown as an annual. H and S to 2ft COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
green. Has very large, oblong, spiny, mid- best in partial or full shade and moist, (60cm). Has oval, fresh green leaves. Genus of summer-flowering, clump-
green leaves and red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by Flattish, 5-petaled, spurred, bright red, forming, sometimes rhizomatous
‘Chestnut Leaf’ (illus. p.94) has elliptic, semiripe cuttings in summer. pink, purple, violet or white flowers are perennials. Most need sun and moist but
regularly spined, yellow-green leaves I. anisatum (Chinese anise). Slow- produced in spring– fall. Z10–15 H12–1. well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
reminiscent of sweet chestnut. growing, evergreen, conical tree or shrub. Accent Series ‘Accent Pink’, H 8–10in division in spring or fall.
I. latifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). Produces oval, aromatic, (20–25cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm), is compact I. acaulis. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Half hardy. Has glossy, dark green leaves. Star-shaped, and has blush-pink flowers, with dark perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm).
sturdy, olive-green young branches, very greenish-yellow flowers, with numerous centers, in summer–fall. Hates drought. Has lance-shaped to elliptic, hairy leaves.
606 large, oblong, dark green leaves with short narrow petals, are borne in mid-spring. Confection Series, H and S 8–12in Solitary, almost stemless, daisylike, golden-
spines and plentiful, red fruits. Z7–9 H9–6. Z7–9 H9–7. (20–30cm) have fresh green leaves and yellow flower heads are produced in
IRIS
summer. Is good for a rock garden. Z4–9 and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely Bearded irises are rhizomatous and have
H8–1. when in full growth, less at other times. IPOMOPSIS “beards,” consisting of numerous often
I. ensifolia, illus. p.277. Support is needed. Thin out or cut back POLEMONIACEAE colored hairs, along the center of each
I. hookeri, illus. p.243. congested growth in spring. Propagate by fall. In some irises, the end of the beard
Genus of perennials and biennials, often
I. macrocephala. See I. royleana. seed in spring or by softwood or semiripe is enlarged into the shape of a horn. The
grown as container plants for greenhouses
I. magnifica, illus. p.219. cuttings in summer. Whitefly and red group covers the vast majority of irises,
and conservatories. Needs cool, airy
I. oculis-christi. Spreading, rhizomatous spider mite may cause problems. T Seeds including many named cultivars, grown
conditions with bright light and fertile,
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). are highly toxic if ingested. in gardens; all are derived from I. pallida
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
Stems each bear 2 or 3 daisylike, yellow I. acuminata. See I. indica . and related species. Bearded irises thrive
under glass in early spring or early
flower heads in summer. Has lance-shaped I. alba, syn. I. bona-nox, Calonyction in full sun in fairly rich, well-drained,
summer.
to elliptic, hairy, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 aculeatum (Belle de nuit, Moonflower). preferably slightly alkaline soil. Some are
I. aggregata. Slow-growing biennial with
H8–4. Evergreen, soft-stemmed, twining climber very tolerant and will grow and flower
upright, slender, hairy stems. H to 3ft (1m),
I. royleana, syn. I. macrocephala, illus. with prickly stems that exude milky juice reasonably in partial shade in poorer soil.
S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves are divided
p.277. when cut. H 22ft (7m) or more. Has oval For horticultural purposes, various
into linear leaflets. Fragrant, trumpet-
or sometimes 3-lobed leaves. Fragrant, groupings of hybrid bearded irises are
shaped flowers, borne in summer, are
IOCHROMA tubular, white flowers, with expanded usually brilliant red, sometimes spotted
recognized, based mainly on the height
mouths, open at night in summer. Z12–15 of the plants in flower. These include
SOLANACEAE yellow, but may be rose, yellow or white.
H12–10. Miniature Dwarf, H to 8in (20cm);
Z6–9 H9–6.
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen and I. batatas (Sweet potato). ‘Blackie’, Standard Dwarf, H 8–16in (20–40cm);
deciduous shrubs and small trees, grown illus. p.311. ‘Margarita’, illus. p.318. Intermediate, H 16–28in (40–70cm);
for their flowers. Needs full light or partial I. bona-nox. See I. alba . IRESINE and Tall, H 28in (70cm) or more (this
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water I. coccinea, syn. Quamoclit coccinea AMARANTHACEAE last category may be further subdivided).
container plants freely when in full growth, (Red morning glory, Star morning glory). In general, the shorter the iris, the earlier
Genus of perennials, grown for
moderately at other times. Tip-prune Annual, twining climber. H to 10ft (3m). the flowering season (from early spring
their colorful leaves. Requires bright light
young plants to stimulate a bushy habit. Arrow- or heart-shaped leaves are long- to early summer). Oncocyclus irises are
to retain leaf color and a good-quality,
Cut back flowered stems by half in late pointed and often toothed. Fragrant, rhizomatous, with very large and often
loamy, well-drained soil. Pinch out tips in
winter. Propagate by greenwood or tubular, scarlet flowers, with yellow bizarrely colored flowers, one to each
growing season to obtain bushy plants.
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly stem, which have bearded falls. They
throats and expanded mouths, are Propagate by stem cuttings in spring.
and red spider mite are sometimes require full sun, sharply drained but
produced in late summer and fall. H12–1. I. herbstii (Beefsteak plant). Bushy
troublesome. fairly rich soil and, after flowering, a dry
I. hederacea, illus. p.204. perennial. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
I. australe, syn. Acnistus australis, period of dormancy in summer and early
I. horsfalliae. Strong-growing, Has red stems and rounded, purplish-red
illus. p.138. fall. Difficult to cultivate successfully,
evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining leaves, notched at their tips and 4in (10cm)
I. cyaneum, syn. I. tubulosum, illus. p.457. they are best grown in an alpine house
climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves have 5–7 long, with paler or yellowish-red veins.
I. tubulosum. See I. cyaneum . or covered frame in climates subject to
radiating lobes or leaflets; stalked clusters Flowers are insignificant. Z11–12 H12–1.
summer rains.
of funnel-shaped, deep rose-pink or rose- ‘Aureoreticulata’, illus. p.319.
IONOPSIDIUM purple flowers are borne in summer– I. lindenii (Blood leaf). Bushy perennial. Regelia irises are closely related to
winter. Z13–15 H12–6. The flowers of H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance- Oncocyclus irises, differing in having
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
‘Briggsii’ are larger and more richly shaped, dark red leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. bearded standards as well as falls and
Genus of annuals. Only one species is in having 2 flowers to each stem. They
usually cultivated, for rock gardens and
colored than those of the species.
I. imperialis. See I. nil.
Flowers are insignificant. Z11–12 H12–1.
require similar conditions of cultivation, I
as edging. Needs partial shade and fertile, although a few species, such as I. hoogiana,
I. indica, syn. I. acuminata, I. learii,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
illus. p.462.
IRIS have proved easier to grow than
sown outdoors in spring, early summer
I. learii. See I. indica . IRIDACEAE Oncocyclus irises. Hybrids between the
or early fall.
I. lobata, syn. I. versicolor, Quamoclit Genus of upright, rhizomatous or bulbous 2 groups have been raised and are known
I. acaule (Violet cress). Fast-growing,
lobata, illus. p.202. (occasionally fleshy-rooted) perennials, as Regeliocyclus irises.
upright annual. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 1in
I. x multifida, syn. I. x sloteri (Cardinal some of which are evergreen, grown for Beardless irises, also rhizomatous, lack
(2.5cm). Rounded leaves are mid-green.
Tiny, 4-petaled, lilac or white flowers, climber). Annual, twining climber. H 10ft their distinctive and colorful flowers. Each hairs on the falls; most have very similar
flushed with deep blue, are produced (3m). Triangular-oval leaves are divided flower has 3 usually large “falls” (pendent or cultural requirements to bearded irises
in summer and early fall. H8–1. into 7–15 segments. Tubular, wide- semi-pendent petals), which in a number of but some prefer heavier soil. Various
mouthed, crimson flowers, with white species have conspicuous beards or crests; groupings are recognized, of which the
eyes, are produced in summer. H12–1. 3 generally smaller “standards” (erect, following are the most widely known.
IPHEION I. nil, syn. I. imperialis. ‘Early Call’ is horizontal or, occasionally, pendent petals); Pacific Coast irises, a group of
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE a short-lived, soft-stemmed, perennial, and a 3-branched style. In many irises, the Californian species and their hybrids,
Genus of bulbs, grown for their freely twining climber with hairy stems, best style branches are petal-like. Unless prefer acidic to neutral soil and grow well
produced, star-shaped, blue, white or yellow grown as an annual. H to 12ft (4m). Leaves otherwise stated below, flower stems are in sun or partial shade, appreciating some
flowers in spring. Makes excellent container are heart-shaped or 3-lobed. From summer unbranched. Green, then brown seed pods humus in the soil; they are best grown from
plants in cold greenhouses. Prefers a to early fall bears large, funnel-shaped are ellipsoid to cylindrical and often ribbed. seed as they resent being moved. Spuria
sheltered situation in dappled sunlight flowers in a range of colors, with white Irises are suitable for borders, rock gardens, irises (I. spuria and its relatives) grow in
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall; after tubes. H12–1. ‘Scarlett O’Hara’ has woodlands, watersides, bog gardens, alpine sun or partial shade and well-drained
flowering, dies down for summer. Propagate deep red flowers. houses, cold frames and containers. Some but moist soil. A number of species and
by offsets in late summer or early fall. I. purpurea, syn. Convolvulus purpureus groups thrive only in the specific growing hybrids prefers moist, waterside
I. uniflorum (Spring starflower). ‘Froyle (Common morning glory). Short-lived, conditions mentioned below. Propagate conditions; these include the well-known
Mill’, illus. p.419. ‘Wisley Blue’ is a spring- soft-stemmed, perennial, twining climber, species by division of rhizomes or offsets Siberian irises (I. sibirica and its relatives)
flowering bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in best grown as an annual. H to 15ft (5m). in late summer or by seed in fall, named and the Japanese water irises, such as
(5–8cm). Bears linear, semierect, pale green, Has hairy stems and heart-shaped or cultivars by division only. I. ensata and I. laevigata, which may also
basal leaves, which smell of onions if 3-lobed leaves. From summer to early fall Botanically, irises are divided into be grown as border plants, but succeed
damaged. Leafless stems each produce an bears funnel-shaped, deep purple to bluish- a number of sub-genera and sections, best in open, sunny, rich, moist positions.
upward-facing, pale blue flower, 11⁄4 –11⁄2 in purple or reddish flowers, with white and it is convenient, for horticultural Crested irises, also rhizomatous, have
(3–4cm) across. Z6–9 H9–6. throats and bristly sepals. H12–1. purposes, to use some of these botanical ridges, or cockscomb-like crests, instead
I. quamoclit, syn. Quamoclit pennata, names for groups of irises with similar of beards. They include the Evansia irises,
illus. p.202. characteristics and requiring comparable with often widely spreading, creeping
IPOMOEA I. rubrocaerulea ‘Heavenly Blue’. See cultural treatment. T All parts may cause stolons. Most have very similar cultivation
SYN. MINA, PHARBITIS severe discomfort if ingested; contact requirements to bearded irises but some
I. tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’.
Morning glory with the sap may irritate skin. See also prefer damp, rich conditions.
I. x sloteri. See I. x multifida.
CONVOLVULACEAE I. tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’, syn. feature panel pp.224–25. Bulbous These irises are distinguished by
Genus of mainly evergreen shrubs, I. rubrocaerulea ‘Heavenly Blue’, illus. p.205. Rhizomatous These irises have rhizomes having bulbs as storage organs, sometimes
perennials, annuals and soft- or woody- I. tuberosa. See Merremia tuberosa. as rootstocks; leaves are sword-shaped and with thickened, fleshy roots, and leaves that 607
stemmed, twining climbers. Needs full light I. versicolor. See I. lobata. usually in a basal fan. are lance-shaped and channeled; 4-sided
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IRIS
(more or less square in cross section); or I. ‘Anniversary’. Rhizomatous, beardless ruffled, rich blue flowers in summer. are produced from early to late spring,
almost cylindrical—unlike the flat and Siberian iris. H 21/2ft (75cm), S indefinite. Z3–9 H9–1. the ruffled, veined, delicate pink standards
usually sword-shaped leaves of the In mid- and late spring bears 1–4 white I. ‘Blue Eyed Brunette’. Rhizomatous, contrasting with the brilliant white falls,
rhizomatous irises. Xiphium irises include flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across, with a bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. which are broadly margined and flecked
the commonly grown Spanish, English and yellow stripe in throat of each fall. Grows Well-branched stem produces 7–10 brown deep rosy-violet. Z4–9 H9–1.
Dutch irises, which are excellent both for well in moist soil or a bog garden. Z4–9 flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) wide, with blue I. ‘Chasing Rainbows’. Rhizomatous,
garden decoration and as cut flowers. All H9–1. blaze and golden beard on each fall, in bearded iris (Tall). H 32in (80cm),
are easy to cultivate in sunny, well-drained I. aphylla. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. early summer. Z3–9 H9–1. S indefinite. In summer produces strongly
sites, preferring slightly alkaline conditions, H 6–12in (15–30cm), S indefinite. Branched I. ‘Blue Notes Blue’. Rhizomatous, scented flowers with buff-peach standards,
but also growing well on acidic soil. stem produces up to 5 pale to dark purple bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), flushed with lilac. Falls are pale violet,
Spanish irises are derived from I. xiphium, or blue-violet flowers, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) S indefinite. Scented, ruffled, mid-blue fading to buff-peach at edges, with orange
which is variable in flower color, from blue across, in late spring and sometimes again flowers, paler around edges, are produced beards. Z4–9 H9–1.
and violet to yellow and white, and in fall if conditions are suitable. Z3–9 H9–1. in summer. White beards are tipped with I. ‘Chief Moses’. Rhizomatous, bearded
produces its channeled leaves in fall. I. aucheri. Bulbous Juno iris. H 6–10in orange toward back. Z3–9 H9–1. iris (Tall). H 38in (95cm), S indefinite. From
English irises have been produced from (15–25cm), S 6in (15cm). Has channeled, I. ‘Blue Rhythm’, illus. p.225. Vigorous, early to mid-summer produces large,
I. latifolia, which varies from blue to violet mid-green leaves packed closely together rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 31/2ft scented, ruffled, brown flowers, with falls
(occasionally white) and produces its on stem, looking somewhat leek-like. In late (1.1m), S indefinite. In early and mid- flushed with yellow, and orange beards.
channeled leaves in spring. Dutch irises spring bears up to 6 blue to white flowers, summer produces lemon-scented, well- Z4–9 H9–1.
are hybrids of I. xiphium and the related 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, with yellow-ridged formed, violet-blue flowers, the veins on I. chrysographes, illus. p.225.
pale to deep blue I. latifolia. They are falls, in leaf axils. Z3–9 H9–1. standards slightly paler than those on the Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
extremely variable in flower color. Juno I. aurea. See I. crocea . broad falls, with their yellow-tipped, white H 16in (40cm), S indefinite. From late spring
irises have bulbs with thickened, fleshy I. ‘Autumn Circus’, illus. p.224. Vigorous, beards. Z3–9 H9–1. to early summer, branched stem bears 1–4
roots, channeled leaves and very small rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32in I. ‘Bold Print’, illus. p.224. Rhizomatous, deep red-purple or purple-black flowers,
standards that are sometimes only bristly (80cm), S indefinite. Well-branched stems bearded iris (Intermediate). H 22in (55cm), 2–4in (5–10cm) across, with gold etching
and usually horizontally placed. Although bear scented, gently ruffled, white flowers, S indefinite. In late spring or early summer, down falls. Prefers a moist site. Z3–9 H9–1.
very beautiful in flower, they are mostly with violet-blue margins and violet-blue branched stem bears up to 6 flowers, I. ‘Clairette’, syn. I. reticulata ‘Clairette’.
difficult to grow successfully, requiring the feathering and penciling on standards and 5in (13cm) wide, with purple-edged, white Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
same cultivation conditions as Oncocyclus falls, in late spring. Often blooms again in standards and white falls that are each S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). In early spring bears
irises to thrive. Care must be taken not summer. Z3–9 H9–1. purple-stitched at edge and have bronze- a solitary, fragrant, long-tubed, pale blue
to damage the fleshy roots when I. ‘Autumn Leaves’. Vigorous, tipped, white beard. Z3–9 H9–1. flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) wide, with white-
transplanting or dividing clumps. rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32in I. ‘Bronze Queen’. Bulbous Xiphium iris flecked, deep violet falls. Narrow, squared
Reticulata irises include the dwarf, (80cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring produces (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). In leaves elongate after flowering time. Z5–9
bulbous irises valuable for flowering early branched sprays of sweetly scented, spring and early summer produces 1 or 2 H8–4.
in the year. Unlike other bulbous irises, caramel-colored flowers, a blend of brown golden-brown flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) I. clarkei. Rhizomatous, beardless
they have netlike bulb tunics and leaves and purple, with orange-yellow beards. wide, flushed bronze and purple. Lance- Siberian iris. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite. From
that are 4-sided, or occasionally cylindrical. Z3–9 H9–1. shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves are late spring to early summer, solid stem
With few exceptions (not described here), I. ‘Badlands’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris scattered up flower stem. Z3–9 H9–1. produces 2–3 branches each with 2 blue to
Reticulata irises grow well in open, sunny, (Tall). H 38in (95cm), S indefinite. In early I. ‘Brown Lasso’. Rhizomatous, bearded red-purple flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across,
well-drained sites. to mid-summer, branched stem produces iris (Intermediate). H 22in (55cm), with violet-veined, white blaze on each fall.
I I. ‘About Town’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, large, ruffled, black, well-proportioned S indefinite. In early summer, sturdy, well- Prefers moist conditions. Z4–9 H9–1.
bearded iris (Tall). H 39in (1m), S indefinite. flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. branched stem bears 6–10 flowers, 4–5in I. colchica. See I. graminea.
Very frilly flowers with soft mauve-lilac I. bakeriana. Bulbous Reticulata iris. (10–13cm) across, with deep butterscotch I. confusa, illus. p.224. Evergreen or
standards and deep violet falls, edged with H 4in (10cm), S 2–21/2in (5–6cm). In early standards and brown-edged, light violet semievergreen, rhizomatous Crested iris.
soft mauve-lilac, are borne from early to spring bears a solitary, long-tubed, falls. Z3–9 H9–1. H 3ft (1m) or more, S indefinite. Bamboo-
mid-summer. Beards are orange. Z11–13 pale blue flower, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, I. bucharica, illus. p.224. Vigorous, like, erect stem is crowned by a fan of
H12–1. with each fall having a dark blue blotch bulbous Juno iris. H 8–16in (20–40cm), broad leaves. In mid-spring, widely
I. acutiloba. Rhizomatous Oncocyclus iris. at tip and a spotted, deep blue center. Has S 5in (12cm). In late spring produces 2–6 branched flower stem produces a long
H 3–10in (8–25cm), S 12–15in (30–38cm). narrow, almost cylindrical leaves that are flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, golden-yellow succession of up to 30 short-lived, white
Has narrowly sickle-shaped, mid-green very short at flowering time but elongate to white with yellow falls, from leaf axils. flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with
leaves. In late spring produces solitary, later. Z3–9 H9–1. Has narrowly lance-shaped, channeled, yellow or purple spots around yellow
strongly purple-violet- or brownish-purple- I. ‘Ballyhoo’. Robust, rhizomatous, glossy, mid-green leaves scattered up crests. Prefers well-drained soil and
veined, white flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–39in (90–100cm), flower stem. Is easier to grow than most protection of south-facing wall. Z4–10
with a dark brown blaze around the beard S indefinite. In mid- to late spring produces Juno irises. Z5–9 H9–5. H11–9.
of each fall. Z13–15 H12–1. large blooms with ruffled, lemon-white I. ‘Bumblebee Deelite’, illus. p.225. I. ‘Conjuration’. Rhizomatous, bearded
I. ‘Alida’. Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4–6in standards and veined, rosy-purple falls Rhizomatous, bearded iris (Miniature Tall). iris (Tall). H 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In early
(10–15cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). In early with yellow-tipped, white beards. Z3–9 H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. In late spring summer bears 6–11 flowers with standards
spring bears a solitary, fragrant, long- H9–1. and early summer has flowers with yellow that are white at margins, suffusing inward
tubed, light blue flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) I. ‘Banbury Beauty’. Rhizomatous, standards, yellow-margined, maroon falls to pale violet-blue, and white
wide, with a yellow ridge down each fall beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 18in (45cm), and orange beards. Z3–9 H9–1. falls suffusing to deep amethyst-violet at
center. Z13–15 H12–1. S indefinite. In late spring and early I. ‘Butter and Sugar’, illus. p.227. margins. White horned beard is yellow-
I. ‘Alizes’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, summer, branched stem produces 2–10 I. ‘Carnaby’, illus. p.225. Rhizomatous, tipped. Z4–9 H9–1.
bearded iris (Tall). H 32in (80cm), S light lavender flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) bearded iris (Tall). H to 3ft (1m), S I. cretensis. See I. unguicularis subsp.
indefinite. In summer, large, frilly white across, with purple zone on each fall. indefinite. Well-branched stem bears 6–8 cretensis.
flowers are produced with violet-blue Z3–9 H9–1. flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) wide, with pale I. cristata, illus. p.224. Evansia iris with
falls that pale to white in center of petals. I. ‘Berlin Tiger’, illus. p.225. pink standards and deep rose-pink falls much-branched rhizomes. H 4in (10cm),
Beards are yellow. Z13–15 H12–1. Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. with orange beards, in early summer. S indefinite. Has neat fans of lance-shaped
I. ‘Amethyst Dancer’. Rhizomatous, H 4ft (1.2m), S indefinite. In early summer, Z4–9 H9–1. leaves. In early summer produces 1 or 2
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. branched stems bear 3–5 small, dark yellow I. chamaeiris. See I. lutescens . virtually stemless, long-tubed, lilac, blue,
Scented flowers with peach-buff standards, flowers, 2in (5cm) across, strongly netted I. ‘Champagne Elegance’, illus. p.224. lavender or white flowers, 11/4–11/2in
crinkled around edges, are produced in with deep brownish-purple veins. Grow Vigorous, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). (3–4cm) across, with white patch and
summer. Wine-purple falls are faded around in rich, moist soil. Z3–9 H9–1. H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. In early to mid- orange crest on each fall. Prefers partial
edges, and white veins sit around orange- I. ‘Bibury’. Rhizomatous, bearded spring and again in summer produces shade and moist soil; is ideal for a peat
tipped beards. Z13–15 H12–1. iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in (30cm), scented, strongly ruffled flowers, with bank. Z4–10 H10–1.
I. ‘Annabel Jane’. Vigorous, S indefinite. Has 2–4 cream flowers, pink-washed, white standards and flaring, I. crocea, syn. I. aurea. Rhizomatous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 4ft 4in (10cm) wide, on a branched stem in apricot-pink falls with darker veining beardless Spuria iris. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
(1.2m), S indefinite. In summer, well- late spring. Z3–9 H9–1. and pale orange beards. Z4–9 H9–1. S indefinite. Has long leaves. Strong,
branched stem bears 8–12 flowers, 6–10in I. ‘Blenheim Royal’. Vigorous, I. ‘Change of Pace’. Vigorous, erect, sparsely branched stem produces
608 (15–25cm) across, with pale lilac falls and rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36in terminal clusters of 2–10 golden-yellow
paler standards. Z4–9 H9–1. S indefinite. Produces lightly scented, (90cm), S indefinite. Large, scented flowers flowers, 5–7in (12–18cm) across, with wavy-
IRIS
margined falls, in early summer. Resents S indefinite. Gently ruffled flowers with I. foetidissima (Stinking gladwin, I. ‘Florentina’ (Orris root), illus. p.224,
being disturbed. Z5–8 H8–4. cream standards, heavily veined with soft Stinking iris), illus. p.225. Evergreen, has strongly scented, white flowers .
I. cuprea. See I. fulva. apricot-yellow, are borne in summer. rhizomatous, beardless iris. H 1–3ft I. ‘Golden Harvest’. Bulbous Xiphium
I. ‘Custom Design’. Rhizomatous, Soft apricot falls are paler along edges; (30cm–1m), S indefinite. Branched stem iris (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
beardless Spuria iris. H 3ft (1m), beards are reddish-orange. Z3–9 H9–1. bears up to 9 yellow-tinged, dull purple Bears 1 or 2 deep rich yellow flowers,
S indefinite. Strong, erect-branched stem I. ‘English Cottage’, illus. p.224. Robust, or occasionally pure yellow flowers, 2–4in 21/2–3in (6–8cm) wide, in spring and early
produces 2–10 deep maroon-brown rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–39in (5–10cm) wide, from early to mid-summer. summer. Has scattered, narrowly lance-
flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) wide, with heavily (90–100cm), S indefinite. In mid- to late Cylindrical seed pods open to reveal shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves.
veined, bright yellow blaze on each fall, spring and again in summer or early fall rounded, bright scarlet fruits throughout Z3–9 H9–1.
from early to mid-summer. Z4–8 H8–1. produces large, white flowers with margins winter. Thrives in a bog or water garden, I. gracilipes. Clump-forming,
I. danfordiae. Bulbous Reticulata iris. of both standards and falls washed pale although tolerates drier conditions. Z4–9 rhizomatous Evansia iris with short
H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 2in (5cm). In early blue-violet. Has deeper veining at base of H9–2. stolons. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S indefinite.
spring bears usually solitary, yellow flower, falls and yellow-tipped, white beards. Z3–9 I. forrestii. Rhizomatous, beardless In late spring and early summer, slender,
11/4–2in (3–5cm) across, with green spots H9–1. Siberian iris. H 6–16in (15–40cm), branched stem produces a succession of
on each fall. Standards are reduced to short I. ensata, syn. I. kaempferi, illus. p.464. S indefinite. From late spring to early 4 or 5 lilac-blue flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm)
bristles. Narrow, squared leaves are very Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. summer, unbranched stem produces 1 or 2 across, with violet-veined, white zone
short at flowering time but elongate later. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S indefinite. Branched fragrant, yellow flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) surrounding yellow-and-white crest. Has
Tends to produce masses of small bulblets stem produces 3–15 purple or red-purple across, with black lines on each fall and narrow, grasslike leaves. Prefers partial
and requires deeper planting than other flowers, 3–6in (8–15cm) across, with yellow occasionally brownish-flushing on shade and peaty soil. Z5–8 H8–5.
Reticulata irises to maintain bulbs at blaze on each fall, from early to mid- standards. Has linear, glossy, mid-green I. graeberiana. Bulbous Juno iris.
flowering size. Z5–8 H8–4. summer. May be distinguished from the leaves, gray-green below. Prefers moist, H 6–14in (15–35cm), S 21/2 –3in (6–8cm).
I. ‘Deep Black’, illus. p.224. Rhizomatous, related, smooth-leaved I. laevigata by the lime-free soil. Z6–9 H9–6. In late spring produces 4–6 bluish-lavender
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), prominent midrib on leaves. Has produced I. ‘Fortunate Son’. Rhizomatous, flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, with
S indefinite. In early summer, branched many hundreds of garden forms, some bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), white crest on each fall, from leaf axils.
stem produces unruffled flowers, with double flowers, in shades of purple, S indefinite. Branches of scented, velvety, Lance-shaped, channeled leaves are
3–4in (7–10cm) across, with deep purple pink, lavender and white, sometimes rich burgundy flowers, with purple beards, white-margined, glossy, mid-green above,
standards and dark indigo falls, each bicolored. Prefers partial shade and thrives are produced from early to mid-summer. grayish-green below, and scattered up
with orange-tipped beard. Z5–8 H8–4. in a water or bog garden. ‘Caprician Z6–9 H9–6. flower stem. Is easier to grow than most
I. ‘Desert Song’. Rhizomatous, bearded Butterfly’, H 36in (90cm), has dark purple I. fosteriana. Bulbous Juno iris. H 4–6in Juno irises. Z6–9 H9–6.
iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In standards with fringed, white margins; (10–15cm), S 21/2in (6cm). In spring I. graminea, syn. I. colchica. Rhizomatous,
summer produces pale yellow flowers with falls are white with dark purple veins and produces 1 or 2 long-tubed flowers, 11/2–2in beardless Spuria iris. H 8–16in (20–40cm),
slightly crinkled petals and long, white flash gold patches. ‘Galathea’, syn. I. ‘Galatea’, (4–5cm) wide, with downward-turned, rich S indefinite. In late spring, narrowly lance-
in front of bright yellow beards. Z5–8 H8–4. H 32in (80cm), has blue-purple flowers purple standards, which are larger than shaped leaves partially hide up to 10 plum-
I. domestica. See Belamcanda chinensis. with yellow blaze on each fall. ‘Moonlight those of most Juno irises, and creamy- scented flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) wide, with
I. douglasiana. Evergreen, rhizomatous, Waves’ (illus. p.224), H 36in (90cm), is yellow falls. Has narrowly lance-shaped, wine-purple standards and heavily veined,
beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 10–28in strong-growing and produces large, channeled, silver-edged, mid-green leaves violet-blue falls, borne on flattened, angled
(25–70cm), S indefinite. Leathery, dark open, spreading, white flowers, with lime- scattered on flower stem. Is difficult to stem. Resents being disturbed. Z6–9 H9–5.
green leaves are stained red-purple at green blazes at base of each petal. ‘Rose grow and is best in an alpine house or I. ‘Green Spot’, illus. p.224. Rhizomatous,
base. Branched stem produces 1–3 Queen’, syn. I. laevigata ‘Rose Queen’ cold frame. Z6–9 H9–6. bearded iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in
lavender to purple, occasionally white, (illus. p.224), H 36–39in (90–100cm), is I. ‘Frank Elder’. Bulbous Reticulata iris. (30cm), S indefinite. In late spring, I
flowers, 3–5in (7–12cm) wide, with variable, strong-growing and produces large, soft H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), S 2–3in (5–7cm). Has branched stems bear 2–4 ivory-white
central, yellowish zones on falls, in late pink flowers, with deeper pink veining a solitary, very pale blue flower, 21/2–3in flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with olive-green
spring and early summer. Z7–9 H9–7. and yellow blaze at base of each fall. (6–7cm) wide, suffused pale yellow and mark and yellow throat on each fall.
I. ‘Dreaming Spires’. Rhizomatous, ‘Variegata’, H 30in (75cm), has narrow veined and spotted darker blue, in early Z6–9 H9–5.
beardless Siberian iris. H 3ft (1m), foliage, brightly edged in white. spring. Narrow, squared leaves are very I. ‘Harmony’. Bulbous Reticulata iris.
S indefinite. From late spring to early I. extremorientalis. See I. sanguinea. short at flowering time but elongate later. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), S 21/2–3in (6–7cm).
summer, branched stem produces 1–4 I. ‘Eyebright’, illus. p.225. Rhizomatous, Z3–9 H9–1. In early spring bears solitary, fragrant,
flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) wide, with lavender bearded iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in I. ‘Frost and Flame’, illus. p.224. Strong- long-tubed, clear pale blue flower, 2–21/2in
standards and royal-blue falls. Prefers (30cm), S indefinite. In late spring produces growing, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). (5–6cm) across, with white marks and
moist soil. Z5–9 H9–5. 2–4 bright yellow flowers, 3–4in (7–10cm) H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In early to mid- yellow ridge down each fall center.
I. ‘Dreaming Yellow’, illus. p.224. wide, each with brown zone on falls spring produces fragrant, glistening, white Narrow, squared leaves are very short
Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris. surrounding beard, on usually unbranched flowers with gently ruffled standards, at flowering time but elongate later.
H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. From late spring to stem. Z3–9 H9–1. rounded falls and bright orange beards. Z5–8 H8–5.
early summer, branched stem produces 1–4 I. ‘Feminine Charm’. Rhizomatous, Z3–9 H9–1. I. histrioides. Bulbous Reticulata iris.
flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across. Standards bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), I. fulva, syn. I. cuprea, illus. p.439. H 21/2 –4in (6–10cm), S 21/2 –3in (6–7cm).
are white; falls creamy-yellow fading to S indefinite. Scented, soft pinkish-apricot I. ‘Fulvala’. See I. x fulvala. In early spring produces solitary flowers,
white with age. Prefers moist soil. Z4–9 flowers, with a hint of yellow, are produced I. x fulvala, syn. I. ‘Fulvala’. Rhizomatous, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, which vary from
H9–1. in summer. Apricot falls are white edged. beardless iris. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. light to deep violet-blue. Each fall is
I. ‘Early Light’. Rhizomatous, bearded Z3–9 H9–1. In summer, zigzag stem produces 4–6 lightly to strongly spotted with dark blue
iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early I. ‘Filibuster’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris (occasionally more) velvety, deep red- and has white marks and yellow ridge
summer, well-branched stem bears 8–10 (Tall). H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. Heavily purple flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, with down center. Narrow, squared leaves are
ruffled, white flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) scented, frilly flowers with rosy-purple 2 flowers per leaf axil. Has yellow blaze on very short at flowering time but elongate
wide, heavily flushed lemon-yellow on standards are produced in summer. Pale each fall. Thrives in a bog or water garden. later. Z5–8 H8–4. ‘Lady Beatrix
standards; yellow-veined falls have broad peach falls are stained with rosy-purple, Z6–9 H9–6. Stanley’ has light blue flowers and
margins flushed slightly deeper lemon- and beards are burnt orange. Z3–9 H9–1. I. ‘Galatea’. See I. ensata ‘Galathea’. heavily spotted falls. ‘Major’ has darker
yellow and yellow beard. Z3–9 H9–1. I. ‘Flamenco’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris I. ‘Geisha Gown’. Robust, rhizomatous, blue-violet flowers.
I. ‘Electric Rays’. Strong-growing, (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early beardless Japanese iris. H 36in (90cm), I. ‘Holden Clough’, illus. p.225.
rhizomatous Japanese iris. H 3ft (1m), summer, well-branched stem produces S indefinite. In mid- and late spring Rhizomatous, beardless iris. H 20–28in
S indefinite. Ruffled, double, rich violet 6–9 flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with gold produces large, delicate, double, white (50–70cm), S indefinite. In early summer,
flowers, with white and intense, deep blue standards, infused red, and white to yellow ruffled flowers with dark violet-blue branched stem bears 6–12 yellow flowers,
veining, are borne freely in early summer. falls with red borders. Z4–9 H9–1. veining and deep purple-violet center. 2in (5cm) wide, with very heavy, burnt-
Z3–9 H9–1. I. ‘Flight of Butterflies’. Rhizomatous, Z3–9 H9–1. sienna veining. Is excellent in a bog or
I. ‘Elmohr’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. beardless Siberian iris. H 36in (90cm), I. germanica (Common German flag). water garden, but also grows well in rich,
H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early summer, S indefinite. From early to mid-summer Rhizomatous, bearded iris. H to 2–4ft well-drained soil. Z5–8 H8–5.
well-branched stem produces 2–5 strongly produces delicate flowers with violet-blue (60cm–1.2m), S indefinite. Sparsely I. hoogiana, illus. p.224. Regelia iris with
veined, red-purple flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) standards and white falls veined deep branched stem produces up to 6 yellow- sturdy rhizomes. H 16–24in (40–60cm),
across. Z7–9 H9–7. violet-blue. Z4–9 H9–1. bearded, blue-purple or blue-violet flowers, S indefinite. Produces 2 or 3 scented,
I. ‘English Charm’. Rhizomatous, I. ‘Florentina’. See I. germanica 4–6in (10–15cm) wide, in late spring and delicately veined, lilac-blue flowers, 3–4in 609
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), ‘Florentina’. early summer. Z3–8 ‘Florentina’, syn. (7–10cm) across, in late spring and
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IRIS
early summer. Is relatively easy to I. kerneriana. Rhizomatous, I. lazica. Evergreen, rhizomatous, ruffled, pale blue flowers, with both
cultivate. Z7–9 H9–7. beardless Spuria iris. H 10in (25cm), beardless iris. H 6–10in (15–25cm), standards and falls feathered a slightly
I. iberica. Rhizomatous Oncocyclus S indefinite. Has very narrow, grasslike S indefinite. Has arching fans of broad, deeper blue, and with white beards.
iris. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S indefinite. leaves. Strong, erect-branched stem bears bright green leaves. In early spring Z3–9 H9–1.
Has narrow, strongly curved, gray-green 2–4 soft lemon- or creamy-yellow flowers, produces stemless, long-tubed, lavender- I. ‘Mountain Lake’, illus. p.224.
leaves. Bears solitary, bicolored flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, from each pair of blue flowers. Falls are white in lower Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
4–5in (10–12cm) across, in late spring. bracts, in early summer. Resents being halves, spotted and veined lavender, each H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. From late spring
Standards are white, pale yellow, or disturbed. Z6–9 H9–6. with central yellow stripe. Thrives in partial to early summer, branched stem produces
pale blue with slight brownish-purple I. korolkowii. Regelia iris with sturdy shade in moist soil. Z8–10 H10–7. 1–4 mid-blue flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm)
veining; spoon-shaped falls are white rhizomes. H 16–24in (40–60cm), I. lutescens, syn. I. chamaeiris. Fast- across, with darker veining on falls.
or pale lilac, spotted and strongly veined S indefinite. From late spring to early growing, very variable, rhizomatous, Prefers moist soil. Z3–8 H8–1.
brownish-purple. Grows best in a frame summer, each spathe encloses 2 or 3 bearded iris. H 2–12in (5–30cm), I. ‘Natascha’, illus. p.415.
or alpine house. Z7–9 H9–7. delicately blackish-maroon- or olive- S indefinite. Branched stem produces I. ochroleuca. See I. orientalis .
I. innominata. Evergreen or green-veined, creamy-white or light 1 or 2 yellow-bearded, violet, purple, I. ‘Ola Kala’, illus. p.225. Robust,
semievergreen, rhizomatous, beardless purple flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across. yellow, white or bicolored flowers, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m),
Pacific Coast iris. H 6–10in (16–25cm), Is best grown in a bulb frame. Z8–9 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, in early summer. S indefinite. Produces neat, scented, rich
S indefinite. Stem bears 1 or 2 flowers, H9–8. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Nancy Lindsay’ has scented, deep yellow flowers; falls have darker
21/2–3in (6.5–7.5cm) across, from late spring I. ‘Krasnia’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris yellow flowers. yellow bases and yellow beards. Z3–9 H9–1.
to early summer. Varies greatly in color (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early I. ‘Magic Man’. Rhizomatous, bearded I. ‘Oriental Eyes’, illus. p.224. Vigorous,
from cream to yellow or orange and from summer, well-branched stem produces iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.
lilac-pink to blue or purple; falls are often 8–12 flowers, 5–7in (13–18cm) wide, with summer, branched stems produce flowers H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early summer
veined with maroon or brown. Z7–9 H9–7. purple standards and purple-margined, that have light blue standards and velvety produces large, ruffled, strongly veined,
I. japonica, illus. p.224. Vigorous, white falls. Z3–9 H9–1. purple falls with light blue margins; beards purple violet flowers, with bright golden-
rhizomatous Evansia iris with slender I. ‘Lady Mohr’. Rhizomatous, bearded are orange. Z3–9 H9–1. yellow flares at base of each petal.
stolons. H 18–32in (45–80cm), S indefinite. Arilbred iris. H 30in (75cm), S indefinite. I. magnifica, illus. p.224. Bulbous Juno Z3–8 H9–1.
Has fans of broadly lance-shaped, glossy In early spring produces flowers with iris. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 6in (15cm). In I. orientalis, syn. I. ochroleuca, illus.
leaves. In late spring produces branched pearly-white standards and pale yellow late spring produces 3–7 very pale lilac p.224. Rhizomatous, beardless Spuria iris.
flower stem with a long succession of falls veined and spotted brownish- flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, with H to 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In late spring
flattish, frilled or ruffled, pale lavender purple around chrome-yellow beards. central, yellow area on each fall, from leaf each stem, usually with one branch, bears
or white flowers, 1/2–3in (1–8cm) across, I. ‘Lady of Quality’. Rhizomatous, axils. Bears scattered, lance-shaped, 3–5 white flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide.
marked violet around orange crest on each beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), channeled, glossy, mid-green leaves. Z6–8 Falls are white with yellow centers. Leaves
fall. Prefers the protection of a sheltered, S indefinite. In mid- and late spring H8–6. are often present over winter. Z6–9 H9–5.
sunny wall. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Variegata’, produces flowers with light blue-violet I. ‘Making Eyes’. Rhizomatous, bearded I. orientalis of gardens. See I. sanguinea.
H 28in (70cm), has mid-green leaves boldly standards and lighter blue falls. iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12–14in (30–35cm), I. pallida. Rhizomatous, bearded iris.
striped with white. Z3–9 H9–1. S indefinite. In early spring produces neat H 28–36in (70–90cm) or more, S indefinite.
I. ‘Jesse’s Song’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, I. laevigata. Rhizomatous, beardless flowers with pale lemon-white standards, In late spring and early summer produces
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), Japanese iris. H 2–3ft (60–90cm) or more, narrow, white-margined, dark purple-violet 2–6 scented, lilac-blue flowers, 3–5in
S indefinite. In early to mid-spring S indefinite. Sparsely branched stem falls and yellowish-white beards. Z3–8 (8–12cm) across, with yellow beards, from
produces scented, ruffled, white flowers, produces 2–4 blue, blue-purple or white H9–1. silvery spathes on strong, branched stems.
I the standards heavily suffused violet, the flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, from early I. ‘Margot Holmes’. Rhizomatous, Z4–9 H9–1. Leaves of ‘Variegata’, syn.
falls irregularly margined and speckled to mid-summer. Is related to I. ensata but beardless Siberian iris. H 10in (25cm), I. pallida ‘Aurea Variegata’ are striped
violet and the white beard tipped pale has smooth, not ridged leaves. Grows S indefinite. In early summer produces green and yellow. ‘Aurea Variegata’. See
violet. Z7–9 H9–7. well in sun or partial shade in moist 2 or 3 purple-red flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) I. pallida ‘Variegata’.
I. ‘Joette’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris conditions or in shallow water. Z3–9 across, with yellow veining on each fall. I. ‘Paradise Bird’. Rhizomatous, bearded
(Intermediate). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. H9–1. ‘Regal’ bears single, cyclamen-red Z6–8 H7–9. iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. In
In late spring or early summer, branched flowers. ‘Rose Queen’. See I. ensata I. ‘Marhaba’. Rhizomatous, bearded early summer, well-branched stem
stems bear uniformly lavender-blue flowers ‘Rose Queen’. ‘Rowden Starlight’, iris (Miniature Dwarf). H 6in (15cm), produces 8–10 flowers, 51/2–6in (14–15cm)
with yellow beards. Is excellent for cut illus. p.437. ‘Snowdrift’ has single, white S indefinite. Bears 1, rarely 2 deep blue wide, with magenta falls and paler
flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. flowers marked yellow at bases of falls. flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) wide, in mid-spring. standards. Z3–9 H9–1.
I. ‘Joyce’, illus. p.225. Bulbous Reticulata ‘Variegata’, H 10in (25cm), has white- Z6–8 H8–6. I. ‘Peach Frost’. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), S 21/2–3in (6–7cm). and-green-striped leaves and often I. ‘Mary Frances’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Well-
In early spring bears a solitary, fragrant, flowers a second time, in early fall. iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early branched stem bears 6–10 flowers, 6in
long-tubed, clear blue flower, 2–21/2in Z5–9 H9–1. ‘Weymouth Midnight’, summer, well-branched stem bears 6–9, (15cm) wide, in early summer. Standards
(5–6cm) across, with white marks and illus. p.442. occasionally to 12 pink-lavender flowers, are peach-pink, falls white with peach-pink
yellow ridge down each fall center. Narrow, I. ‘Langport Storm’. Strong-growing, 6in (15cm) wide. Z3–9 H9–1. margins and tangerine beards. Z4–9 H9–1.
squared leaves are very short at flowering rhizomatous, bearded iris (Intermediate). I. ‘Mary McIlroy’. Rhizomatous, bearded I. ‘Perry’s Blue’, illus. p.225. Robust,
time but elongate later. Z5–8 H8–5. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring iris (Intermediate). H 16–20in (40–50cm), rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
I. ‘June Prom’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, produces smoky-chartreuse flowers, S indefinite. In early to mid-spring H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In late spring and
bearded iris (Intermediate). H 20in (50cm), the falls overlaid with deep red-brown produces bright yellow flowers, the early summer produces pale purplish-blue
S indefinite. In late spring or early summer, patches suffused and veined yellow, with standards veined slightly deeper yellow, flowers, with deeper blue veins. Slightly
branched stem bears up to 6 pale blue cream beards. Z5–9 H9–1. with darker veins on falls and lemon-yellow twisted standards and broad, rounded falls
flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with green I. latifolia, syn. I. xiphioides (English iris). beards. Z3–8 H9–1. are white margined and creamy-white near
tinge on each fall. Z6–9 H9–6. Bulbous Xiphium iris (English). H 32in I. ‘Matinata’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris bases, and have dark yellow markings in
I. kaempferi. See I. ensata . (80cm), S 6in (15cm). In late spring and (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early throats. Z3–8 H9–1.
I. ‘Katharine Hodgkin’, illus. p.225. summer, 1 or 2 blue to deep violet flowers, summer, well-branched stem produces 6–9, I. ‘Piona’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with yellow stripe occasionally to 12 flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, (Intermediate). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.
S 2–3in (5–7cm). Is similar to I. ‘Frank down center of each very broad fall, are that are dark purple-blue throughout. Z3–9 In late spring and early summer, branched
Elder’, but has yellower flowers suffused produced from the bracts. Lance-shaped, H9–1. stem bears up to 6 deep violet flowers,
pale blue, lined and dotted with dark blue. channeled, mid-green leaves are scattered I. missouriensis, syn. I. tolmeiana. Very 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with golden beards.
Z5–8 H8–5. up flower stem. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Duchess of variable, rhizomatous, beardless Pacific Mid-green leaves have purple bases.
I. ‘Kent Pride’, illus. p.225. Strong- York’ bears purple flowers. Flowers of Coast iris. H to 21/2ft (75cm), S indefinite. Z3–9 H9–1.
growing, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). ‘Mont Blanc’ are pure white. ‘Queen of Branched stem produces 2 or 3 pale blue, I. ‘Pixie’, illus. p.418.
H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring the Blues’ has blue standards and purple- lavender, lilac, blue or white flowers, 2–3in I. ‘Professor Blaauw’. Bulbous Xiphium
produces deep chestnut-brown and white blue falls. (5–8cm) wide, in each spathe, in late spring iris (Dutch). H 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
flowers; standards are faintly suffused I. ‘Lavender Royal’. Rhizomatous, or early summer. Falls are veined and From spring to early summer produces
yellow and falls have white central patch, beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 18in (45cm), usually have yellow blaze. Z3–9 H9–1. 1 or 2 rich violet-blue flowers, 21/2–3in
yellow beards and yellow and brown S indefinite. In late spring to early summer, I. ‘Morwenna’. Robust, rhizomatous, (6–8cm) across. Narrowly lance-shaped,
610 veining, surrounded by chestnut-brown branched stems bear lavender flowers with bearded iris (Tall). H 28–32in (70–80cm), channeled, mid-green leaves are scattered
margins. darker flushes. Z5–8 H8–5. S indefinite. In mid- to late spring bears up flower stem. Z3–9 H9–1.
IRIS
I. pseudacorus (Yellow flag), illus. p.225. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 21/2in (6cm). In I. sintenisii. Rhizomatous, beardless I. ‘Thornbird’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
Robust, rhizomatous, beardless iris. H to spring produces 1 or 2 long-tubed Spuria iris. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. (Tall). H 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In early
6ft (2m), S indefinite. Branched stem flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) wide, with Has linear, dark green leaves. In late spring summer produces up to 7 flowers, with
produces 4–12 golden-yellow flowers, small, downward-turned, rich purple produces 2 white flowers, densely veined pale greenish-white standards and
2–5in (5–12cm) wide, usually with brown standards and reddish-purple falls, each blue-purple. Z6–8 H8–6. greenish-brown falls overlaid with deep
or violet veining and darker yellow patch with yellow ridge in center. Has lance- I. ‘Soft Blue’. See I. sibirica ‘Soft Blue’. violet lines. Long, horned beard is violet,
on falls, from early to mid-summer. shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves in I. ‘Splash Down’. Rhizomatous, beardless tipped with mustard-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1.
Leaves are broad, ridged and grayish- basal tuft. Is difficult to grow and is best Siberian iris. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. From I. ‘Titan’s Glory’. Robust, rhizomatous,
green. Prefers partial shade and thrives in an alpine house or cold frame. Z4–9 late spring to early summer, branched stem well-branched, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–38in
in a water garden. Z5–8 H8–3. var. H9–1. produces 1–4 flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) (90–100cm), S indefinite. Produces very
bastardii, syn. I. pseudacorus ‘Sulphur I. ‘Ruban Bleu’. Strong-growing, across. Standards are pale blue and falls large, deep purple-blue flowers, with
Queen’, illus. p.445. ‘Variegata’ has rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32–36in speckled blue on pale ground. Prefers almost silken texture, in mid-spring. Z3–8
yellow-and-green-striped foliage in (85–90cm), S indefinite. In late spring and moist soil. Z3–9 H9–1. H9–1.
spring, often turning green before early summer has scented flowers with I. spuria. Very variable, rhizomatous, I. tolmeiana. See I. missouriensis.
flowering. ‘Sulphur Queen’. See snow-white standards and slightly ruffled, beardless Spuria iris. H 20–36in (50–90cm), I. ‘Tropic Night’, illus. p.225. Strong-
I. pseudacorus var. bastardii. dark blue-violet falls each with large, white S indefinite. Strong, erect-branched stem growing, rhizomatous, beardless Siberian
I. pumila. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. basal patch and orange beard. Z3–8 H9–1. produces 2–5 pale blue-purple, sky-blue, iris. H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In late
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S indefinite. In mid- I. ‘Ruffled Velvet’. Rhizomatous, violet-blue, white or yellow flowers, 2–5in spring and early summer produces deep
spring, flower stem bears 2 or 3 long-tubed beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), (5–12cm) across, in early summer. Prefers violet-blue flowers; upright standards and
flowers, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) wide, varying from S indefinite. In early summer produces moist soil. Z6–9 H9–5. rounded falls have strong, white feathering
violet-purple to white, yellow or blue, with 2 or 3 red-purple flowers marked with I. ‘Stepping Out’. Rhizomatous, bearded and veining near bases and are touched
yellow or blue beards on falls. Prefers very yellow. Z4–9 H9–1. iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Well- yellow around throats. Z3–8 H9–1.
well-drained, slightly alkaline soil. Z4–9 I. ‘Saffron Jewel’. Rhizomatous, branched stem produces 8–11 white flowers, I. tuberosa. See Hermodactylus tuberosus.
H9–1. bearded iris (Intermediate). H 30in (75cm), 51/2–6in (14–15cm) wide, with deep blue- I. unguicularis, syn. I. stylosa (Algerian
I. ‘Rare Treat’. Robust, rhizomatous, S indefinite. In early summer, branched purple marks, in early summer. Z3–9 H9–1. iris, Winter iris). Evergreen, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), stem produces 2–5 flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) I. stylosa. See I. unguicularis. beardless iris. H to 8in (20cm), S indefinite.
S indefinite. In mid- to late spring produces across, with oyster falls, veined chartreuse, I. ‘Sun Miracle’. Rhizomatous, bearded Has narrow, tough leaves. Almost stemless,
ruffled, snow-white flowers, with both and paler standards. Falls each have blue iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Well- primrose-scented, lilac flowers, 2–3in
standards and falls margined deep purple- blaze and beard. Z3–9 H9–1. branched stem produces 7–10 pure yellow (5–8cm) across with yellow centers to falls
blue, and bases of falls and beards similarly I. sanguinea, syn. I. extremorientalis, flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) wide, in early and with very long tubes, are produced
colored. Z4–9 H9–1. I. orientalis of gardens. Rhizomatous, summer. Z3–9 H9–1. from late fall to early spring. Buds are
I. ‘Raspberry Candy’. Vigorous, beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), I. ‘Supreme Sultan’. Vigorous, prone to slug attack. Is excellent for cut
rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. S indefinite. From late spring to early rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), flowers. Prefers a sheltered site against
H 32–36in (80–90cm), S indefinite. In late summer, branched stem produces 2 or 3 S indefinite. In late spring and early a south- or west-facing wall. Z7–9 H9–7.
spring and early summer produces large, deep purple or red-purple flowers, 2–4in summer bears large, ruffled flowers, with ‘Mary Barnard’ has deep violet-blue
open, white flowers strongly veined red- (5–10cm) wide, from each set of bracts. Falls deep golden-yellow standards, rich dark flowers. subsp. cretensis, syn. I. cretensis
violet, with bright yellow blazes at bases are red-purple with white throats finely red-brown falls that are paler at margins, (illus. p.224), H 4in (10cm), has violet
of falls. Z4–9 H9–1. veined purple. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Snow Queen’ and deep yellow beards. Z3–8 H9–1. or lavender-blue standards and white or
I. reticulata (Reticulated iris). Bulbous (illus. p.224) has pure white flowers with I. susiana (Mourning iris). Rhizomatous yellow falls with violet veining at bases and
Reticulata iris. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 11/2– yellow-green marks at base of falls. Oncocyclus iris. H 14–16in (35–40cm), clear violet tips. Flowers of ‘Walter Butt’ I
21/2in (4–6cm). In early spring bears I. ‘Sapphire Star’. Rhizomatous, S indefinite. In late spring produces are pale silvery-lavender.
solitary, fragrant, long-tubed, deep violet- beardless Japanese iris. H 4ft (1.2m), solitary, grayish-white flower, 3–6in I. variegata (Variegated iris), illus. p.225.
purple flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) wide, with S indefinite. In summer, branched stem (8–15cm) wide, heavily veined deep purple. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. H 12–20in
yellow ridge down each fall center. Narrow, bears 3–5 white-veined, lavender flowers, Standards appear larger than incurved (30–50cm), S indefinite. In early summer,
squared leaves elongate after flowering 6–12in (15–30cm) wide, penciled with falls, which each have black blaze and deep branched stem produces 3–6 flowers,
time. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Cantab’ (illus. p.225) has white halo around yellow blaze on each purple beard. Grows best in a frame or 2–3in (5–8cm) across, with bright yellow
clear pale blue flowers with a deep yellow fall. Prefers moist soil. Z3–8 H8–1. alpine house. Z7–9 H9–1. standards and white or pale yellow falls,
ridge on each fall. ‘Clairette’. See I. ‘Saturday Night Live’. Vigorous, I. ‘Sweet Musette’. Vigorous, heavily veined red-brown and appearing
I. ‘Clairette’. ‘Edward’, H 6in (15cm), rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–38in rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–38in striped. Z5–9 H9–5.
S 3/4in (2cm), has solitary, slightly fragrant, (90–95cm), S indefinite. Has mildly scented, (90–95cm), S indefinite. In mid- and late I. verna (Vernal iris). Rhizomatous,
orange-striped, blue-purple flowers from deep red-brown to burgundy-red flowers, spring produces large, ruffled, frilly beardless iris. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.
late winter to early spring. Leaves are with bronze-yellow beards and faint, light flowers, with lavender-flushed, peach-pink In mid-spring bears 1, occasionally 2, lilac-
linear and mid-green. Flowers of ‘J.S. yellow veining near bases of falls, from standards, purplish-pink falls and orange blue flowers, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) across, with
Dijt’ are reddish-purple with orange ridge mid-spring to early summer. Z3–8 H8–1. beards. Z3–8 H9–1. narrow, orange stripe in center of each
on each fall. ‘Violet Beauty’. See I. ‘Violet I. setosa, illus. p.441. I. tectorum (Roof iris). Evansia iris with fall. Prefers partial shade and moist but
Beauty’. I. ‘Shepherd’s Delight’. Rhizomatous, sturdy rhizomes. H 10–14in (25–35cm), well-drained soil. Z5–9 H9–5.
I. ‘Ringo’, illus. p.224. Vigorous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. S indefinite. Has fans of broadly lance- I. versicolor, illus. p.442. ‘Kermesina’
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36in In early summer, well-branched stem shaped, ribbed leaves. In early summer, (illus. p.225) is a robust, rhizomatous,
(90cm), S indefinite. In late spring and early produces 6–10 clear pink flowers, 6–7in sparsely branched stem produces 2–3 beardless iris. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite.
summer, lightly ruffled flowers have white (15–18cm) wide, with yellow cast. Z3–8 darker-veined, bright lilac flowers, 1/2–3in Branched stem produces 3–5 or more red-
standards touched purple on midribs and H8–1. (1–8cm) across, with white crest on each purple flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across, with
dark reddish-purple falls with narrow, I. sibirica, illus. p.441. Rhizomatous, fall, from each spathe. Prefers a sheltered, dense, white feathering at bases of falls,
white margins and orange beards. Z5–8 beardless Siberian iris. H 20–48in sunny site near a south- or west-facing from early to mid-summer. Prefers partial
H8–5. (50–120cm), S indefinite. From late spring wall. Z5–9 H9–3. shade and thrives in moist soil or in shallow
I. ‘Rippling Rose’. Rhizomatous, bearded to early summer, branched stem bears I. tenax. Rhizomatous, beardless Pacific water. ‘Rowden Cadenza’, illus. p.438.
iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early 2 or 3 dark-veined, blue or blue-purple Coast iris. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S indefinite. I. ‘Violet Beauty’, syn. I. reticulata ‘Violet
summer, well-branched stem has 6–10 flowers, 5–10cm (2–4in) across, from each From late spring to early summer produces Beauty’. Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4–6in
white flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with purple spathe. Prefers moist or boggy conditions. 1 or 2 deep purple to lavender-blue flowers, (10–15cm), S 11/2–21⁄2in (4–6cm). In early
marks and lemon-yellow beards. Z4–9 Z3–8 H9–1. ‘Papillon’ (illus. p.225), H 36in 3–5in (8–12cm) across, often with yellow- spring bears solitary, fragrant, long-tubed,
H9–1. (90cm), produces a prolific display of soft and-white marking on falls. White, cream deep violet-purple flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm)
I. x robusta ‘Gerald Darby’, illus. p.224. blue flowers, veined in white on falls. and yellow variants also occur. Narrow, wide, with orange ridge down center of
Rhizomatous, beardless Species Hybrid ‘Shirley Pope’ (illus. p.225), H 34in (85cm), dark green leaves are stained pink at base. each fall. Narrow, squared leaves elongate
iris. H 32in (80cm), S indefinite. In late has velvety, dark, almost blue-back flowers, Z5–9 H9–5. after flowering time. Z5–9 H8–4.
spring and early summer, unbranched with white zone veined in purple at base I. ‘Theseus’. Rhizomatous Regeliocyclus I. warleyensis. Bulbous Juno iris.
purplish-green stems bear up to 4 violet- of horizontal falls. ‘Soft Blue’ (illus. p.225). iris. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. From late H 8–18in (20–45cm), S 3in (8cm). In spring
blue flowers, with deep yellow signals on H 30in (75cm), S indefinite. In early to mid- spring to early summer produces usually 2 produces up to 5 pale lilac or violet-blue
falls. Leaves are stained purple at bases. spring produces pale blue flowers; the flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, with violet flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, in leaf axils.
Prefers wet conditions. Z4–9 H9–3. long, arching falls have yellow basal standards and violet-veined, cream falls. Is Each fall has darker blue apex and yellow 611
I. rosenbachiana. Bulbous Juno iris. markings and darker blue veins. best in a frame or alpine house. Z7–9 H9–7. stain in center. Bears scattered, lance-
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ISATIS
shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves. Is stalk bears fernlike, 3-parted leaves,

best in an unheated greenhouse. Z6–8 H8–6. ISMENE each leaflet being divided into 3. Produces IXORA
I. ‘White Excelsior’. Bulbous Xiphium AMARYLLIDACEAE small, nodding, cup-shaped, white RUBIACEAE
iris (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). flowers in spring. Z5–8 H8–5.
Genus of bulbs, grown for their large, Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
From spring to early summer bears 1 or 2
white, scented flowers. Is similar to shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers,
white flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) wide, with
yellow stripe down each fall center.
Hymenocallis and Pancratium. Requires ISOTOMA some also for their foliage. Prefers full sun
a sheltered site in sun or partial shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water container
Narrowly lance-shaped, channeled, mid- CAMPANULACEAE
and rich, well-drained soil. Plant in early specimens freely when in full growth,
green leaves are scattered on flower stem. summer, lifting before the first frosts Genus of perennials, often cultivated
moderately at other times. Propagate by
Z6–8 H8–6. in cold areas, or grow under glass, reduce as annuals, grown for their long, tubular seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
I. winogradowii, illus. p.225. Bulbous watering in winter, repot in spring. flowers. Is suitable for containers and summer.
Reticulata iris. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), Propagate by offsets in spring or by seed summer bedding. Needs sun and moist I. coccinea (Flame of the woods, Jungle
S 21/2–3in (6–7cm). Solitary, pale primrose- when ripe. but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed flame, Jungle geranium), illus. p.456.
yellow flower, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) wide, I. calanthina. See I. narcissiflora. in spring, by tip cuttings in spring or
spotted green on falls, is produced in early I. x deflexa, syn. Hymenocallis festalis. softwood cuttings in summer or by
spring. Narrow, squared leaves are very Spring- or summer-flowering bulb with division.
short at flowering time but elongate later. a basal leaf cluster. H to 32in (80cm), I. Avant-Garde Series, illus. p.313.
Z6–8 H8–6. S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears strap-shaped,
I. ‘Wisley White’. Rhizomatous, beardless Isotrema griffithii. See Aristolochia
semierect leaves. Produces a head of 2–5
Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), S indefinite. griffithii.
scented, white flowers, 8in (20cm) across,
Each stem has 2 or 3 white flowers, held each with a deep, central cup and 6 narrow,
well above foliage, in early summer. Z6–8 reflexed petals. Z8–10 H10–6. ITEA
H8–6. I. x macrostephana, syn. Hymenocallis
ESCALLONIACEAE/ITEACEAE
I. xiphioides. See I. latifolia. x macrostephana. Evergreen, spring- or
I. xiphium. Bulbous Xiphium iris summer-flowering bulb. H 32in (80cm), Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and
(Spanish). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has strap-shaped, shrubs, grown for their foliage and flowers.
Has 1 or 2 blue or violet, occasionally semierect, basal leaves and fragrant, Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
yellow or white, flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) white or cream- to greenish-yellow drained but not too dry soil. Propagate by
across, with central orange or yellow flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) wide. Z8–10 softwood cuttings in summer.
marks on falls, in spring and early H10–7. I. ilicifolia, illus. p.211.
summer. Narrowly lance-shaped, I. narcissiflora syn. I. calanthina,
channeled, mid-green leaves are Hymenocallis calathina, Hymenocallis IXIA
scattered on flower stem. Z5–9 H9–5. narcissiflora, (Peruvian daffodil) illus. p.408.
Corn lily
‘Blue Angel’ bears bright mid-blue I. x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’, syn.
Hymenocallis x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur IRIDACEAE
flowers with yellow mark in center of
each fall. Z4–9 H9–3. Flowers of Queen’, illus. p.412. Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
‘Lusitanica’ are pure yellow. Z4–9 corms with wiry stems, grown for
H9–3. ‘Queen Wilhelmina’ produces ISOLEPIS their spikes of flattish flowers. Needs
an open, sunny situation and well-
I white flowers in spring. Z4–9 H9–3.
‘Wedgwood’ has bright blue flowers.
CYPERACEAE drained soil. Plant in fall for spring and
Z4–9 H9–3. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES early summer flowers; plant in spring
and SEDGES. for later summer display. Dry off after
I. setaceus syn. Scirpus setaceus, (Bristle flowering. Propagate in fall by seed or
ISATIS club-rush). Tuft-forming, annual or short- by offsets at replanting time.
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE lived, perennial rush. H 4–6in (10–15cm), I. ‘Mabel’. Spring- to early summer-
S 3in (8cm). Has very slender, lax, basal flowering corm. H 16in (40cm), S 1–2in
Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
leaves. Very slender, unbranched stems (2.5–5cm). Has linear, mid-green, basal
biennials and perennials. Needs sun and
each bear 1–3 minute, egg-shaped, green leaves and spikes of deep pink flowers.
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
spikelets in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. Z10–11 H12–10.
in fall or spring.
I. tinctoria (Woad). Vigorous, upright I. maculata. Spring- to early summer-
biennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). ISOPLEXIS flowering corm. H 16in (40cm), S 1–2in
Has oblong to lance-shaped, glaucous SCROPHULARIACEAE/ (2.5–5cm). Leaves are linear, erect and
leaves and, in summer, large, terminal PLANTAGINACEAE mostly basal. Wiry stem bears a spike of
panicles of 4-petaled, yellow flowers. flattish, orange or yellow flowers, 1–2in
Z4–8 H8–1. (2.5–5cm) across, with brown or black
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers.
centers. Z10–11 H12–10.
Is closely related to Digitalis. Tolerates full
I. monadelpha. Spring- to early
ISMELIA light or partial shade and prefers well-
summer-flowering corm. H 12in (30cm),
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE drained soil. Water container specimens
S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Linear, erect leaves
Genus of one species of annuals, grown are mostly basal. Stem produces a dense
other times. Remove spent flower spikes.
for its daisylike flower heads. Needs full spike of 5–10 flattish, white, pink, purple
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by cuttings in late summer. or blue flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across,
seed in spring. I. canariensis, syn. Digitalis canariensis, often with differently colored eyes. Z10–11
I. carinata, syn. Chrysanthemum illus. p.459. H12–10.
carinatum, Chrysanthemum tricolor. I. viridiflora, illus. p.406.
‘Monarch Court Jesters’ is a fast-
ISOPYRUM
growing, erect, branching annual.
False rue anemone IXIOLIRION
H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
feathery, gray-green leaves and, in RANUNCULACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE/IXIOLIRIACEAE
summer, daisylike, zoned flower heads, Genus of spring-flowering perennials, Genus of bulbs, grown for their funnel-
to 3in (8cm) wide, in various color grown for their small flowers and delicate shaped flowers mainly in spring. Needs a
combinations. H9–1. Tricolor Series foliage. Is suitable for peat beds, sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil
is a group of fast-growing, upright, woodlands and rock gardens. Requires that becomes hot and dry in summer to
branching annuals. Tall cultivars, H 24in shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate by ripen the bulb. Propagate by seed or offsets
(60cm), S 12in (30cm); dwarf, H and S 12in seed when fresh or by division in fall. Self- in fall.
(30cm). In summer produces single seeds readily. I. montanum. See I. tataricum.
612 or double flower heads in many color I. thalictroides. Dainty, clump-forming I. tataricum, syn. I. montanum (Tatar lily),
combinations. perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). Central illus. p.403.
JUNIPERUS
JK
H 6in (15cm), S 15in (38cm) or more. less frequently in winter. Propagate by seed
JANCAEA Produces a tangled mass of fine stems and in spring at not less than 77°F (25°C). Red
SYN. JANKAEA twigs bearing minute, oval leaves. Masses spider mite may be a nuisance.
GESNERIACEAE of tiny, tubular, 5-lobed, yellow flowers are J. chilensis, syn. J. spectabilis, illus. p.80.
produced from leaf axils in early summer. J. spectabilis. See J. chilensis.
Genus of one species of evergreen, rosetted
JACARANDA perennial, grown for its flowers and silver-
Z7–11 H12–7.
J. polyanthum, illus. p.208.
BIGNONIACEAE green leaves. Makes a good alpine house JUGLANS
J. primulinum. See J. mesnyi.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees, plant. Is difficult to grow, as needs shade Walnut
J. rex. See J. nobile subsp. rex.
grown for their flowers in spring–summer from mid-day sun in high summer, a rich, JUGLANDACEAE
J. x stephanense, illus. p.201.
and their foliage. Needs full light and well- gritty, moist, alkaline soil and a gritty collar.
Genus of deciduous trees, with aromatic
drained soil. Water container specimens Dislikes winter wet. Propagate by seed in
freely when in full growth, sparingly at spring or by leaf cuttings in mid-summer. JEFFERSONIA leaves, grown for their foliage, stately habit
and, in some species, edible nuts (walnuts).
other times. Potted plants grown for their J. heldreichii, illus. p.355. Twinleaf
Produces greenish-yellow catkins in spring
foliage only may be cut back hard in late BERBERIDACEAE and early summer. Young plants are prone
Jankaea. See Jancaea.
winter. Propagate by seed in spring or Genus of spring-flowering perennials. to frost damage. Requires full sun and
by semiripe cuttings in summer. Needs shade or partial shade and rich, deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
J. acutifolia. See J. mimosifolia. JASIONE moist soil. Extensive root systems resent by seed, when ripe, in fall.
J. mimosifolia, syn. J. acutifolia, Sheep’s bit disturbance. Top-dress crown in late fall. J. ailantifolia, syn. J. sieboldiana (Japanese
J. ovalifolia, illus. p.451. CAMPANULACEAE walnut). Deciduous, spreading tree with
Propagate by seed as soon as ripe.
J. ovalifolia. See J. mimosifolia. sturdy shoots. H and S 50ft (15m). Very large
Genus of summer-flowering annuals, J. diphylla, illus. p.333.
Jacobinia carnea. See Justicia carnea. biennials and perennials, grown for their J. dubia, syn. Plagiorhegma dubia, illus. leaves consist of 11–17 oblong, glossy,
Jacobinia coccinea. See Pachystachys flower heads. Needs sun and sandy soil. p.355. bright green leaflets. Bears edible walnuts in
coccinea. Remove old stems in fall. Propagate by fall. Z5–8 H8–5. var. cordiformis, syn.
J. cordiformis illus. p.67.
Jacobinia pohliana. See Justicia carnea. seed in fall or by division in spring. JOVIBARBA J. cathayensis (Chinese walnut).
Jacobinia spicigera. See Justicia J. laevis, syn. J. perennis (Sheep’s bit
scabious, Shepherd’s scabious). Tufted
CRASSULACEAE Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
spicigera.
perennial. H 2–12in (5–30cm), S 4–8in Genus of evergreen perennials that (20m). Has very large leaves, consisting of
(10–20cm). Has narrowly oblong, very spread by short stolons and are grown 11–17 oval to oblong, dark green leaflets.
JACQUEMONTIA hairy or glabrous, gray-green leaves and, for their symmetrical rosettes of oval Bears edible walnuts in fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
CONVOLVULACEAE in summer, spiky, spherical, blue flower to strap-shaped, pointed, fleshy leaves. J. cinerea (Butternut). Fast-growing,
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, heads borne on erect stems. Is good for Makes ground-hugging mats, suitable deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),
grown for their flowers. Needs full light a rock garden. Z6–8 H8–6. for rock gardens, screes, walls, banks S 70ft (20m). Leaves are large and very
and well-drained soil. Water freely except J. perennis. See J. laevis. and alpine houses. Needs sun and gritty aromatic, with 7–19 oval to oblong,
in cold weather. Provide support. Thin soil. Takes several years to reach flowering pointed, bright green leaflets. Bears
size. Rosettes die after plants have dense clusters of large, rounded nuts
out by cutting old stems to ground level JASMINUM flowered, but leave numerous offsets. in fall. Z3–9 H9–1.
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring
Jasmine Propagate by offsets in summer. J. cordiformis. See J. ailantifolia var.
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Red spider mite and whitefly may OLEACEAE J. hirta, syn. Sempervivum globiferum cordiformis. J
cause problems. Genus of deciduous or evergreen subsp. hirtum, illus. p.374. J. microcarpa, syn. J. rupestris, illus. p.88.
J. pentantha, syn. J. violacea. Fast- shrubs and woody-stemmed, scrambling J. sobolifera, syn. Sempervivum J. nigra, illus. p.63. K
growing, evergreen, twining climber. or twining climbers, grown for their star- globiferum subsp. globiferum. Vigorous, J. regia, illus. p.62.
H 6–10ft (2–3m). Has heart-shaped, shaped, often fragrant flowers and their evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 4in J. rupestris. See J. microcarpa.
pointed leaves and funnel-shaped, foliage. Needs full sun and fertile, well- (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Rounded, grayish- J. sieboldiana. See J. ailantifolia.
rich violet-blue or pure blue flowers, drained soil. J. nudiflorum, which needs green or olive-green rosettes are often
1in (2.5cm) wide, in long-stalked clusters support, benefits from having its old shoots red-tinged. Flower stems bear terminal
JUNCUS
in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10. thinned out after flowering, when others clusters of small, cup-shaped, 6-petaled
Rush
J. violacea. See J. pentantha. may be pruned. Propagate by semiripe (rarely 5 or 7), pale yellow flowers in
cuttings in summer. summer. Z5–8 H8–5. JUNCACEAE
J. angulare, syn. J. capense. Evergreen, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
JAMESBRITTENIA and SEDGES.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber. JUANULLOA
H 6ft (2m) or more. Dark green leaves have J. effusus f. spiralis, syn. J. effusus
Genus of annuals, perennials and 3 oval leaflets. Small clusters of fragrant, SOLANACEAE ‘Spiralis’, illus. p.286. ‘Spiralis’. See
evergreen shrubs. Needs a position in tubular, 5-lobed, white flowers are borne Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering J. effusus f. spiralis.
sun and in moist but well-drained soil. in late summer. Z10–11 H12–9. shrubs, grown for their flowers. Low
temperatures cause leaf drop. Prefers
Propagate by seed or division in spring or J. beesianum, illus. p.193. JUNIPERUS
by softwood cuttings in spring or summer. J. capense. See J. angulare. full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
Juniper
J. grandiflora, syn. Sutera grandiflora. J. grandiflorum. See J. officinale f. affine. Water container specimens moderately
Much-branched, subshrubby perennial, J. humile, illus. p.139. ‘Revolutum’ illus. when in full growth, less at other times. CUPRESSACEAE
used for summer bedding. H 3ft (1m), p.206. f. wallichianum has semi-pendent To encourage a branching habit, tip prune See also CONIFERS.
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has oval to oblong flowers and 7–13 leaflets. young plants. Propagate by semiripe J. chinensis (Chinese juniper). Conical
round toothed leaves. Tubular, 5-lobed, J. mesnyi, syn. J. primulinum, illus. p.195. cuttings in summer. Whitefly, red spider conifer, making a tree. H 50ft (15m),
frilled deep purple flowers are produced J. nobile subsp. rex, syn. J. rex. mite and mealy bug may be troublesome. S 6–10ft (2–3m), or a spreading shrub
from mid-summer to fall. Z12–15 H12–10. Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining J. aurantica. See J. mexicana. H 3–15ft (1–5m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has
climber. H 10ft (3m). Has broadly oval, J. mexicana, syn. J. aurantica. Evergreen, peeling bark. Both scale- and needlelike,
leathery, deep green leaves. Scentless, upright, sparingly branched shrub. H 6ft aromatic, dark green leaves, paired or in
JAMESIA tubular, 5-lobed, pure white flowers are (2m) or more, S 2–3ft (60–100cm). Leaves 3s, are borne on same shoot. Globose,
SCROPHULARIACEAE/HYDRANGEACEAE pink-tinged in bud and are produced are felted beneath. Has orange flowers, fleshy, berry-like fruits are glaucous white.
Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, intermittently all year if warm enough. each with a ribbed calyx, in short, nodding Many cultivars commonly listed under
grown for its flowers. Needs full sun and Z13–15 H12–10. clusters in summer. Z13–15 H12–9. J. chinensis are forms of J. x pfitzeriana.
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by J. nudiflorum, illus. p.144. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Aurea’, H 30–50ft (10–15m),
S 10–12ft (3–4m), is a slow-growing, oval
softwood cuttings in summer. J. officinale (Common jasmine, Poet’s
JUBAEA
J. americana (Cliffbush, Waxflower). jasmines). Semievergreen or deciduous, or conical form with gold foliage and
Chilean wine palm
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 8ft woody-stemmed, twining climber. H to 40ft abundant yellow, male cones. ‘Blaauw’,
(2.5m). Rounded, gray-green leaves are (12m). Leaves comprise 7 or 9 leaflets. Has PALMAE/ARECACEAE syn. J. x media ‘Blaauw’, H and S 6ft (2m), is
gray-white beneath. Clusters of small, clusters of fragrant, 4- or 5-lobed, white Genus of one species of evergreen palm, a spreading shrub with blue-green foliage.
slightly fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers in summer–fall. Z8–11 H12–8. f. grown for its overall appearance. Needs ‘Expansa Variegata’, syn. J. davurica
flowers are produced in late spring. Z5–9 affine, syn. J. grandiflorum illus. p.196. full light and fertile, well-drained soil. ‘Expansa Variegata’, H 30in (75cm), S 5–6ft 613
H12–10. J. parkeri. Evergreen, domed shrub. Water container specimens moderately, (1.5–2m), has trailing or ascending
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JUNIPERUS
branchlets and yellow-variegated, bluish- suitable as groundcover or as specimen intense silvery-blue foliage. ‘Tabletop’, J. pohliana. See J. carnea.
green leaves. ‘Kaizuka’, H 15ft (5m), plants in a small garden. Some forms are H 6ft (2m), S 15ft (5m), has a flat-topped J. rizzinii, syn. J. floribunda, J. pauciflora,
S 10–15ft (3–5m), forms a sprawling, commonly listed under J. chinensis. Z4–9 habit and silvery-blue leaves. Libonia floribunda. Evergreen, rounded,
irregular bush and has a profusion of cones. H9–1. ‘Aurea’, syn. J. x media ‘Pfitzeriana J. squamata (Singleseed juniper). freely branching shrub. H and S 1–2ft
‘Keteleeri’, illus. p.100. ‘Obelisk’, illus. Aurea’ has golden foliage. ‘Blue and Prostrate to sprawling, shrubby conifer. (30–60cm). Leaves are oval and mid-green.
p.103. ‘Plumosa Aurea’, syn. J. x media Gold’, syn. J. x media ‘Blue and Gold’, H 1–12ft (30cm–4m), S 3–15ft (1–5m). Bark Bears nodding clusters of tubular, yellow-
‘Plumosa Aurea’ is more erect, with green- H to 3ft (1m), S 3ft (1m), is a spreading form is red-brown and flaking. Needlelike, tipped, scarlet flowers mainly fall–spring.
gold foliage, turning bronze in winter. with leaves variegated sky-blue and gold. aromatic, fresh green or bluish-green Divide every few years.
‘Pyramidalis’, H 30ft (10m), S 3–6ft (1–2m), ‘Glauca’, syn. J. x media ‘Pfitzeriana leaves spread at tips of shoots. Produces J. spicigera, syn. J. ghiesbreghtiana,
is a columnar, dense form with ascending Glauca’ produces gray-blue leaves. ‘Old ovoid, fleshy, black berries. Z4–9 H9–1. Jacobinia spicigera. Evergreen, well-
branches bearing needlelike, blue-green Gold’ (illus. p.105), H 3ft (1m), S 8ft (2.5m), ‘Blue Carpet’ (illus. p.105), H 1ft (30cm), branched shrub. H 3–6ft (1–1.8m), S 21/2–4ft
leaves. ‘Robusta Green’, syn. J. virginiana has a compact, spreading, flat-topped habit S 6–10ft (2–3m), is vigorous and prostrate, (75–120cm). Has spikes of tubular, orange
‘Robusta Green’, illus. p.103. ‘Stricta’, and bronze-yellow leaves. ‘Pfitzeriana with glaucous blue foliage. ‘Blue Star’, or red flowers in summer and occasionally
H to 15ft (5m), S to 3ft (1m), is conical, with Compacta’, H and S 5ft (1.5m), has a H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm), forms a dense, other seasons. Z14–15 H12–10.
soft, blue-green, young foliage. dense, compact habit and a tendency to rounded bush and has blue foliage.
J. communis (Common juniper). Conifer, produce more juvenile leaves. ‘William ‘Chinese Silver’, H and S 10–12ft (3–4m),
KADSURA
ranging from a spreading shrub to a Pfitzer’, syn. J. x media ‘Pfitzeriana’, has branches with nodding tips and bluish
narrow, upright tree. H 1–25ft (30cm–8m), H 10ft (3m), S 10–15ft (3–5m), is a spreading, leaves with bright silver undersides. SCHISANDRACEAE
S 3–12ft (1–4m). Has needlelike, aromatic, flat-topped shrub and produces grayish- ‘Holger’ (illus. p.105), H and S 6ft (2m), Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
glossy, mid- or yellow-green leaves in 3s green leaves. produces sulfur-yellow young leaves grown for their foliage and fruits. Male
and bears globular to ovoid, fleshy, J. procumbens (Bonin Isles juniper). that contrast with steel-blue old foliage. and female flowers are borne on separate
greenish berries that become glaucous Spreading, prostrate, shrubby conifer. ‘Meyeri’, H and S 15ft (5m), has a sprawling plants, so plants of both sexes must be
blue, then ripen to black in their third year. H 30in (75cm), S 6ft (2m). Has red-brown habit and produces steel-blue foliage. grown to obtain fruits. Needs partial shade
Z2–6 H6–1. ‘Compressa’, H 30in (75cm), bark. Thick branches bear needlelike, J. virginiana (Eastern juniper, Eastern and tolerates any soil. Propagate by stem
S 6in (15cm), is a dwarf, erect form. aromatic, light green or yellow-green red cedar). Slow-growing, conical or cuttings in late summer.
‘Hibernica’, H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 12in leaves and globose, fleshy, brown or black broadly columnar conifer. H 50–70ft (15– K. japonica. Evergreen, twining climber.
(30cm), is columnar. ‘Hornibrookii’, berries. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Nana’, H 6–8in 20m), S 20–25ft (6–8m). Both scale- and H 10–12ft (3–4m). Has oval or lance-shaped,
H 20in (50cm), S 6ft (2m), and ‘Prostrata’, (15–20cm), S 30in (75cm), is less vigorous needlelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves mid-green leaves. Solitary, small, fragrant,
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 3–6ft (1–2m), are and is mat-forming. are borne on same shoot. Ovoid, fleshy cream flowers are produced in leaf axils in
carpeting plants. J. recurva, illus. p.103. var. coxii, illus. berries are brownish-violet and extremely summer, followed by bright red berries.
J. conferta, syn. J. rigida subsp. conferta p.100. ‘Densa’, syn. J. recurva ‘Nana’ is a glaucous. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Burkii’, H to 20ft Prefers well-drained soil.
(Shore juniper). Prostrate, shrubby conifer. spreading conifer. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). (6m), S 3ft (1m), has blue-gray leaves
H 6in (15cm), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Spreading Shaggy bark flakes in thin sheets. Sprays that become purple-tinged over winter.
‘Grey Owl’, H 10ft (3m), S 10–15ft (3–5m),
KAEMPFERIA
branches bear dense, needlelike, aromatic, of long, needlelike, aromatic, dark green
glossy, bright green leaves, glaucous leaves are erect at tips. Ovoid, fleshy is a low, spreading cultivar with ascending ZINGIBERACEAE
beneath. Produces glaucous black berries. berries are black. Z7–11 H12–7. ‘Nana’. branches and silvery-gray foliage. ‘Hetzii’, Genus of tufted, rhizomatous perennials,
Tolerates salty, coastal air. See J. recurva ‘Densa’. syn. J. x media ‘Hetzii’, H 10–12ft (3–4m), grown for their aromatic leaves and
J. davurica ‘Expansa Variegata’. J. rigida (Needle juniper). Sprawling, S 12ft (4m), produces tiers of gray-green their flowers. Needs a moist atmosphere,
J See J. chinensis ‘Expansa Variegata’. shrubby conifer. H and S 25ft (8m). foliage. partial shade and moist, rich soil. Allow
J. drupacea (Syrian juniper). Columnar Gray or brown bark peels in strips. J. virginiana ‘Robusta Green’. See to dry out when plants become dormant.
K conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Very sharp, needlelike, aromatic, J. chinensis ‘Robusta Green’. Propagate by division in late spring.
Has needlelike, aromatic, light green bright green leaves, in 3s, are borne in J. virginiana ‘Skyrocket’. See See also feature panel p.477.
leaves, in 3s, and ovoid or almost globose, nodding sprays. Globose, fleshy fruits J. scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’. K. pulchra, illus. p.477. Tufted,
fleshy, brown berries. Z7–10 H10–7 are purplish-black. Z6–9 H9–6 subsp. rhizomatous perennial. H 6in (15cm),
J. horizontalis (Creeping juniper). conferta. See J. conferta. S 12in (30cm). Has horizontal, aromatic,
JUSTICIA
Prostrate, wide-spreading, mat-forming, J. sabina (Savin juniper). Spreading, dark green leaves, variegated with paler
shrubby conifer. H 20in (50cm), S indefinite. shrubby conifer. H to 12ft (4m), S 10–15ft ACANTHACEAE green above. Short spikes of lilac-pink
Has scale- or needlelike, aromatic, blue- (3–5m). Has flaking, red-brown bark. Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs flowers are produced from center of tufts
green or blue-gray leaves and pale blue- Slender shoots bear mainly scalelike, and shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers. in summer. H11–10.
gray berries. Z3–9 H9–1. Leaves of aromatic, dark green leaves that give off Requires full light or partial shade and K. roscoeana (Dwarf ginger lily, Peacock
‘Andorra Compact’, syn. J. horizontalis a fetid smell when crushed. Produces fertile, well-drained soil. Water container lily). Rhizomatous perennial without an
‘Plumosa Compacta’ turn bronze-purple in rounded, blue-black berries. Z4–7 H7–1. specimens freely when in full growth, obvious stem. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 8–10in
winter. ‘Douglasii’ has glaucous blue ‘Blaue Donau’, syn. J. sabina ‘Blue moderately at other times. Some species (20–25cm). Usually has only 2 almost
foliage that turns plum-purple in winter. Danube’, H 6ft (2m), S 6–12ft (2–4m), is a need regular pruning. Propagate by rounded, aromatic leaves, to 4in (10cm)
‘Plumosa’ is less dense than J.h. ‘Andorra spreading form with branch tips curved softwood or greenwood cuttings in spring long, dark green with pale green marks
Compact’ and has gray-green leaves, upward and gray-blue foliage. ‘Blue or early summer. Whitefly may cause above, reddish-green below, that are
becoming purple in winter. ‘Plumosa Danube’. See J. sabina ‘Blaue Donau’ problems. held horizontally. Short spike of pure white
Compacta’. See J. horizontalis ‘Andorra ‘Cupressifolia’, H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m), J. adhatoda, syn. Duvernoia flowers, each with a deeply lobed lip, are
Compact’. ‘Prince of Wales’ has bright is a free-fruiting, female form with adhatodoides, Adhatoda duvernoia (Snake produced from center of leaf tuft in fall.
green foliage, tinged blue when young and horizontal or ascending branches and blue- bush). Evergreen, erect shrub. H 6–10ft Z11–12 H12–10.
turning purple-brown in winter. green leaves. ‘Mas’ has ascending (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has elliptic, dark K. rotunda (Resurrection lily).
‘Turquoise Spreader’ has turquoise- branches. Leaves are blue above, green green leaves. Fragrant, tubular, white or Herbacous, rhizomatous perennial. H 2ft
green foliage. ‘Wiltonii’ has bluish-gray below, purplish in winter. var. mauve flowers, with pink, red or purple (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has 2–4 broadly
leaves that retain their color over winter. tamariscifolia (Tamarisk juniper), H 3ft marks, are produced in summer–fall. lance-shaped leaves, 8–10in (20–25cm)
J. x media. See J. x pfitzeriana. ‘Blaauw’. (1m), S 6ft (2m), produces tiered layers of Z12–15 H12–1 long, patterned silver and deep green,
See J. chinensis ‘Blaauw’. ‘Blue and mainly needlelike, bright green or blue- J. brandegeeana, syn. Beloperone with red undersides. White flowers, with
Gold’. See J. x pfitzeriana ‘Blue and green leaves. guttata, Drejerella guttata, illus. p.455. pink to purple lips, borne on a separate
Gold’.‘Hetzii’. See J. virginiana ‘Hetzii’. J. scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper). ‘Chartreuse’ is an evergreen, arching stem before leafy stem emerges, open in
‘Pfitzeriana’. See J. x pfitzeriana ‘William Slow-growing, round-crowned conifer. shrub. H to 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60–90cm). Has succession from late spring to summer.
Pfitzer’. ‘Pfitzeriana Aurea’. See J. x H 30ft (10m), S 12ft (4m). Reddish-brown white flowers surrounded by pale yellow- A number of cultivars are grown for their
pfitzeriana ‘Aurea’. ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’. bark is furrowed into strips or squares green bracts mainly in summer but also patterned foliage.
See J. x pfitzeriana ‘Glauca’. ‘Plumosa and peels on branches. Scalelike, aromatic intermittently during the year. Z14–15
Aurea’. See J. chinensis ‘Plumosa Aurea’. leaves are gray-green to dark green. Bears H12–9.
KALANCHOE
J. x pfitzeriana, syn. J. x media. Group of globose, fleshy, blue berries. Z3–7 H7–1. J. carnea, syn. J. pohliana, Jacobinia
SYN. BRYOPHYLLUM
spreading to conical conifers. H 50ft (15m), ‘Skyrocket’, syn. J. virginiana ‘Skyrocket’ carnea, illus. p.455.
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has peeling bark. Mainly (illus. p.105), H 26ft (8m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm), J. coccinea. See Pachystachys coccinea. CRASSULACEAE
scalelike, dark green leaves exude a fetid is very narrow in habit with glaucous J. floribunda. See J. rizzinii. Genus of perennial succulents or shrubs,
614 smell when crushed. Fruits are globose to blue foliage. ‘Springbank’ is narrowly J. ghiesbreghtiana. See J. spicigera. grown for their very fleshy, mainly
rounded, white or blue-black. Cultivars are conical with drooping branch tips and J. pauciflora. See J. rizzinii. cylindrical, oval or linear leaves and bell-
KNIPHOFIA
shaped to tubular flowers. Many species K. arvensis, syn. Scabiosa arvensis

produce new plantlets from indented KALMIOPSIS KERRIA (Blue buttons). Erect perennial. H 4ft
leaf margins. Requires sun or partial ERICACEAE ROSACEAE (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Produces heads
shade and well-drained soil. Keep moist of pincushion-like, bluish-lilac flowers in
Genus of one species of evergreen, Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
from spring to fall. Water lightly and summer. Stems are clothed in narrowly
spring-flowering shrub, grown for its grown for its showy, yellow flowers.
only occasionally in winter. Propagate oval to lyre-shaped, deeply divided
flowers. Is suitable for peat gardens. Needs sun or partial shade and fertile,
by seed, offsets or stem cuttings in spring leaves. Z5–9 H9–5.
Requires partial shade and moist, peaty, well-drained soil. Thin out old shoots
or summer. K. macedonica, syn. Scabiosa rumelica,
acidic soil. Propagate by softwood or after flowering. Propagate by softwood
K. beharensis (Felt bush, Velvet leaf). illus. p.235.
semiripe cuttings in summer. cuttings in summer or by division in
Bushy, perennial succulent. H and S to 12ft K. leachiana ‘La Piniec’, syn. K. fall.
(4m). Has triangular to lance-shaped, olive- leachiana ‘M. le Piniec’. Evergreen, bushy K. japonica ‘Pleniflora’, illus. p.127. var. KNIGHTIA
green leaves covered with fine, brown shrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Terminal simplex. is a deciduous, arching shrub.
hairs. Bell-shaped, yellow flowers are
PROTEACEAE
clusters of small, widely bell-shaped, H and S 6ft (2m). Has bright green foliage.
produced in late winter, only on plants Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
purplish-pink flowers are produced from Single, buttercup-like, golden-yellow
more than 6ft (2m) high. Z11–12 H12–1. trees, grown for their flowers, foliage
early to late spring. Has small, oval, glossy, flowers are borne from mid- to late spring.
K. blossfeldiana, illus. p.487. ‘Calandiva’, and overall appearance. Needs sun or
dark green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘M. le Z5–9 H9–3.
illus. p.482. partial shade and reasonably fertile, well-
Piniec’. See K. leachiana ‘La Piniec’.
K. daigremontiana, illus. p.492. drained soil. Water container specimens
K. delagoensis, syn. K. tubiflora, illus. KIGELIA moderately, less in winter. Propagate
p.496. KALOPANAX Sausage tree by seed in spring.
K. fedtschenkoi. Bushy, perennial ARALIACEAE BIGNONIACEAE K. excelsa (New Zealand honeysuckle,
succulent. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces Rewarewa). Evergreen, upright tree.
Genus of one species of deciduous, fall- Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
oval, indented, blue-gray leaves with new H 70ft (20m) or more, S 6–12ft (2–4m). Has
flowering tree, grown for its foliage and grown for its flowers, curious, sausage-
plantlets in each notch. Bell-shaped, oblong to lance-shaped, coarsely serrated,
fruits. Unripened wood on young plants is like fruits and for shade. Requires full
brownish-pink flowers, 3/4in (2cm) long, leathery, glossy, deep green leaves. Dense
susceptible to cold damage. Prefers sun light and rich, well-drained soil. Water
are borne in late winter. Prefers a sunny racemes of slender, tubular, deep red
or partial shade and fertile, moist but well- container specimens moderately, very
position. Z11 H12–10. ‘Variegata’, illus. flowers are produced in summer. Z10–11
drained soil. Propagate by softwood little when temperatures low. Propagate
p.482. H12–10.
cuttings in summer. by seed in spring at not less than 73°F
K. laetivirens. Evergreen, perennial K. pictus. See K. septemlobus. (23°C).
succulent. H 10in (25cm), S 6in (15cm). K. ricinifolius. See K. septemlobus. K. africana, syn. K. pinnata (Sausage tree). KNIPHOFIA
Oblong to elliptic, glaucous, mid-green K. septemlobus, syn. K. pictus, K. Evergreen, spreading, fairly bushy tree. Red-hot poker, Torch lily
leaves, turning pink in strong light, ricinifolius, Acanthopanax ricinifolius, H and S 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE
produce small plantlets from notches illus. p.74. 7–11 oblong to oval leaflets. Scented,
along margins. Bears clusters of tubular, bell-shaped, purplish-red flowers open Genus of perennials, some of which are
at night in fall–spring. Bears inedible, evergreen. Needs full sun and well-drained
greenish-white to purplish flowers,
5
/8in (1.5cm) long, in winter.
KELSEYA cylindrical, hard-shelled, brown fruits, conditions, with constantly moist soil in
ROSACEAE 12–18in (30–45cm) long. Z10–11 H12–10. summer. Propagate species by seed or
K. pumila. Creeping, perennial succulent.
K. pinnata. See K. africana. division in spring, cultivars by division only
H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, Genus of one species of extremely small,
powdery gray-white leaves with indented evergreen subshrub. Is difficult to grow and
in spring. See also feature panel p.254. J
K. ‘Ada’. Semievergreen, clump-forming
margins. Tubular, pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) is best in an alpine house as foliage deeply KIRENGESHOMA perennial. H 36in (100m), S 18in (45cm). K
long, are produced in spring. Is suitable for resents both summer and winter wet.
HYDRANGEACEAE Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal
a hanging basket in a sunny position. Z11 Requires full sun and moist, alkaline soil.
leaves. In summer, upright, dark green
H12–1. Propagate by soft-tip cuttings in late spring Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering
stems bear racemes of tubular, orange-
K. ‘Tessa’, illus. p.487. or by seed in fall. Is susceptible to molds, perennials. Needs partial shade and deep,
yellow flowers, the buds rather darker in
K. tomentosa, illus. p.490. so remove any dead rosettes at once. moist, lime-free soil. Propagate by seed or
color.
K. tubiflora. See K. delagoensis. K. uniflora. Slow-growing, evergreen, division in fall or spring.
K. ‘Alcazar’. Semievergreen, clump-
K. uniflora, syn. Kitchingia uniflora. rosetted subshrub. H 1/2in (1cm), S to 8in K. palmata (Yellow waxbells), illus. p.251.
Creeping, perennial succulent. H 21/2in (20cm). Forms a hard mat of closely
(45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green,
packed, small rosettes of tiny, oval, dark
(6cm), S indefinite. Produces rounded, mid- KITAIBELA basal leaves. In summer, upright, dark
green leaves, 1/4–11/4in (0.5–3cm) long, and green leaves. In early spring produces
SYN. KITAIBELIA green stems bear racemes of reddish-
bell-shaped, yellow-flushed, reddish-purple stemless, star-shaped, occasionally pink-
MALVACEAE orange buds opening to tubular, golden-
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, in late winter. flushed, white flowers. Z5–7 H7–5.
yellow flowers.
Prefers partial shade. Z11-15 H12–1. Genus of one species of summer-flowering
K. ‘Atlanta’, illus. p.254. Evergreen,
perennial. Needs full sun and fertile,
K. ‘Wendy’, illus. p.485. KENNEDIA upright perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft
preferably dry soil. Propagate by seed in
SYN. KENNEDYA (45cm). In summer, sturdy stems bear
fall or spring.
KALMIA LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE K. vitifolia. Bushy, upright perennial.
dense, terminal racemes of tubular,
bright orange-yellow flowers. Has thick,
ERICACEAE Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer
grasslike, chaneled leaves. Does well in
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering trailing and twining climbers, grown bears small clusters of open cup-shaped,
a coastal area. Z6–9 H9–4.
shrubs, grown for their clusters of for their pealike flowers. Needs full light white or rose-pink flowers. Has palmately
K. ‘Bee’s Lemon’. Upright perennial.
and moderately fertile, sandy soil. lobed, coarsely toothed leaves. Z6–8
distinctive, usually cup-shaped flowers. H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has dense,
Water regularly when in full growth, H8–6.
Needs sun or partial shade and moist, terminal racemes of tubular, green-tinged,
sparingly in cold weather. Requires support.
peaty, acid soil. Propagate species by Kitaibelia. See Kitaibela. citron-yellow flowers on sturdy stems in
Thin out congested growth after flowering
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed Kitchingia uniflora. See Kalanchoe late summer and fall. Grasslike, deep green
or in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
in fall, selected forms by softwood cuttings uniflora. leaves have serrated edges. Z6–9 H9–6.
in summer. T All parts may cause severe Kleinia articulata. See Senecio K. ‘Bees’ Sunset’, illus. p.254.
K. nigricans (Black coral pea). Vigorous,
discomfort if ingested. articulatus. Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
K. angustifolia. f. rubra, syn. K. Kleinia rowleyana. See Senecio H 48in (120cm), S 18in (45cm). Has long,
climber. H to 6ft (2m). Leaves are divided
angustifolia ‘Rubra’ (Lambkill kalmia, rowleyanus. grasslike, mid-green, basal leaves. In
into 3 leaflets with notched tips. Has small
Sheep laurel), illus. p.156. ‘Rubra’. summer, upright, purplish-green stems
trusses of pealike, velvety, black-purple
See K. angustifolia f. rubra. bear slender racemes of tubular, warm
K. latifolia, illus. p.136. ‘Ostbo Red’ is
flowers, with yellow blazes, in spring– KNAUTIA
orange-flushed, yellow flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
summer. Z13–15 H12–10. DIPSACACEAE/CAPROFOLIACEAE
an evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and K. ‘Brimstone’. Semievergreen, clump-
K. rubicunda (Dusky coral pea), illus.
S 10ft (3m). Has oval, glossy, rich green Genus of summer-flowering annuals forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in
p.462.
leaves. Large, showy clusters of deep pink and perennials. Needs sun and well- (45cm). Has long, narrowly lance-shaped,
flowers open in early summer from Kennedya. See Kennedia. drained soil. Requires staking. mid-green, basal leaves. In summer,
distinctively crimped, deep red buds. Kentia fosteriana. See Howea Propagate by basal cuttings in spring upright stems bear slender racemes of 615
Prefers full sun. Z5–9 H9–5. forsteriana. or by seed in fall. tubular, soft greenish-yellow flowers.
www.ebook777.com
KNIPHOFIA
L
K. ‘C.M. Prichard’. See K. rooperi. K. ‘Star of Baden-Baden’. K. amabilis (Beautybush). Rhizomatous
K. caulescens, illus. p.254. Evergreen, Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 3–6in (8–16cm), S 2ft (60cm).
upright perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). perennial.H 72in (180m), S 32in (80cm). Oval, hairy leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, are
Has basal tufts of narrow, blue-green Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal often marked with silver and brown above.
leaves and smooth, sturdy stems bearing leaves. In summer, upright stems bear Small, nodding, tubular, deep pink flowers,
terminal spikes of reddish-salmon flowers racemes of tubular, greenish-golden- with red-marked lobes, are borne in LABLAB
in fall. Z6–9 H9–4. yellow flowers. summer. Is useful for a hanging basket.
K. ‘Cobra’. Semievergreen, clump- K. ‘Strawberries and Cream’. Largely Z14–15 H12–10.
forming perennial. H 36in (100cm) or more, herbaceous, rather compact, clump- K. bogotensis. Erect, rhizomatous Genus of one species of deciduous,
S 18in (45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid- forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 14in perennial. H and S 18in (45cm) or more. woody-stemmed, twining climber, grown
green, basal leaves. In summer, upright (35cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green, basal Oval, velvety, green leaves, to 3in (8cm) for its pealike flowers (in tropics is
stems bear sturdy, broad, dense racemes leaves. In summer bears upright racemes long, are sometimes marked with paler grown for green manure and animal
of tubular, brown-tinged, orange flowers of tubular, pinkish-ivory flowers, opening green above. In summer has small, tubular feed, and for its edible pods and seeds).
that age to yellowish-white. from darker buds. flowers, red with a yellow base outside, Is often raised as an annual. Needs sun
K. ‘Green Jade’, illus. p.254. K. ‘Tetbury Torch’. Semievergreen, red-dotted, yellow within. Z14–15 H12–10. and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. clump-forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), K. digitaliflora, illus. p.469. in spring.
H 48in (120cm), S 22in (55cm). Has long, S 18in (45cm). Bears lance-shaped, mid- K. eriantha, illus. p.470. L. purpureus, syn. Dolichos lablab,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In green, basal leaves. In early summer and K. warscewiczii. Erect, rhizomatous Dolichos purpureus, illus. p.203.
summer, upright stems bear rather slender often in later summer produces upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Oval,
dark green leaves have scalloped margins.
racemes of tubular, pale green flowers, racemes of tubular, orange flowers that
In summer and fall produces tubular, hairy,
+ LABURNOCYTISUS
fading to warm ivory-white. Z6–9 H9–4. fade to warm yellow.
K. thomsonii var. snowdenii, syn. yellow-based, scarlet flowers, with red- or LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
K. linearifolia. Semievergreen, clump-
forming perennial. H 60in (1.5m), S 32in K. snowdenii, illus. p.254. Upright brown-spotted, greenish-yellow or bright Deciduous tree, grown for its flowers.
(80cm). Has very long, rather lax, grasslike, perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). yellow lobes. Z14–15 H12–10. Is a graft hybrid between Laburnum
mid-green leaves. In summer, upright Has grasslike, basal leaves. In summer anagyroides and Chamaecytisus purpureus.
stems bear dense racemes of orange-red bears coral-pink flowers, with yellowish
KOLKWITZIA Requires full sun and tolerates any but
buds opening to tubular, bright yellow interiors, spaced widely along terminal waterlogged soil. Propagate by grafting
Beautybush
flowers. spikes. Z7–9 H9–7. on laburnum in late summer.
K. ‘Timothy’. Semievergreen, clump- CAPRIFOLIACEAE + L. ‘Adamii’. Deciduous, spreading tree.
K. ‘Little Maid’. Semievergreen, clump-
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). In late spring and
(30cm). Has long, grasslike, mid-green, (45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, grown for its abundant flowers. Prefers early summer bears 3 types of blooms:
basal leaves. In summer, upright stems basal leaves. In summer, upright, purplish- full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Cut yellow, laburnum flowers; purple, cytisus
bear dainty racemes of tubular, greenish green stems bear racemes of tubular, warm out old shoots after flowering. Propagate flowers; and laburnum-like, yellow and
yellow flowers that fade to creamy-white. peachy-pink flowers. by softwood cuttings in summer. pinkish-purple flowers. Leaves, divided into
Z6–9 H9–6. K. ‘Toffee Nosed’, illus. p.254. K. amabilis. Deciduous, arching shrub. 3 oval leaflets, are dark green. Z6–8 H8–6.
K. ‘Maid of Orleans’. Upright perennial. Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and S 10ft (3m). Has peeling bark and
H 36in (100cm), S 18in (45cm). Has long, oval, dark green leaves. Bell-shaped,
H 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). In summer,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In yellow-throated, white or pink flowers are
LABURNUM
slender stems are each crowned with a
summer, upright stems bear racemes of borne in late spring and early summer. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
J dense raceme of yellow buds that open to
tubular, brown-orange flowers that fade Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Pink Cloud’, illus. p.114. Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
tubular, creamy-white flowers. Leaves are
K fresh green, basal and strap-shaped. Z6–9
to warm cream.
Korolkowia sewerzowii. See Fritillaria profuse, pendent flower clusters in spring
K. uvaria (Red-hot poker). Z5–9 H9–1. and summer. Prefers full sun and tolerates
H9–6. sewerzowii.
‘Nobilis’ is an upright perennial with any but waterlogged soil. Propagate
K. northiae. Evergreen, rosette-forming
erect, then spreading leaves. H 6ft (2m), species by seed in fall, hybrids by budding
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m) or more.
Has rather lax, broadly strap-shaped,
S 3ft (1m). In late summer and fall, sturdy KUNZEA in summer. T All parts, including seeds,
stems each bear a dense, terminal raceme
pointed, pale green leaves. In summer MYRTACEAE are highly toxic if ingested.
of tubular, bright red flowers. Has strap- L. alpinum, illus. p.89.
produces dense racemes of tubular, Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
shaped, chaneled, dark green leaves. L. anagyroides syn. L. vulgare (Common
greenish-yellow flowers. grown for their flowers and overall
K. ‘Wrexham Buttercup’, illus. p.254. laburnum). Deciduous, spreading tree.
K. ‘Percy’s Pride’, illus. p.251. appearance. Prefers full light and sandy,
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and S 22ft (7m). Gray-green leaves are
K. ‘Prince Igor’, illus. p.254. well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
H 48in (120cm), S 22in (55cm). Has long,
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. container specimens moderately when in divided into 3 oval leaflets. Short, pendent,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In
H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Has long, full growth, less at other times. Propagate dense clusters of large, pealike, yellow
summer, upright stems bear broad racemes
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In by semiripe cuttings in late summer or by flowers are borne in late spring and early
of tubular, bright yellow flowers, opening
summer, upright stems bear racemes of seed in spring. summer. Z6–8 H8–5.
from greenish buds. Z6–9 H9–6.
tubular, yellow-tinged, reddish-orange K. baxteri. Evergreen, rounded, wiry- L. vulgare. See L. anagyroides.
flowers. Z6–9 H9–4. Kochia. See Bassia. stemmed shrub. H and S to 6ft (2m). Has L. x watereri ‘Vossii’, illus. p.84.
K. rooperi, syn. K. ‘C. M. Prichard’, illus. narrow, cylindrical, pointed leaves and, in
p.254. Robust, evergreen perennial. H 4ft early summer, deep red flowers, each with LACHENALIA
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has arching, linear,
KOELREUTERIA a brush of stamens, in spikes 2in (5cm) Cape cowslip
dark green leaves. From early to late fall SAPINDACEAE long.
produces racemes of tubular, orange-red LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
flowers, becoming orange-yellow. Z6–9 trees, grown for their foliage, flowers and Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
H9–4. fruits. Requires full sun, doing best in hot bulbs, grown for their tubular or bell-
K. ‘Royal Standard’, illus. p.254. summers, and fertile, well-drained soil. shaped flowers; some also have attractively
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. Propagate by seed in fall or by root cuttings mottled leaves. Is useful as pot plants and
H 36in (100cm) or more, S 22in (55cm). Bears in late winter. in open borders. Requires sun and light,
long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. K. paniculata, illus. p.89. well-drained soil. Plant in early fall; dry
In summer, upright stems bear 2-toned off in summer when foliage has died down.
racemes of bright red buds opening to Propagate in fall by seed or freely produced
tubular, yellow flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
KOHLERIA offsets.
K. ‘Samuel’s Sensation’. Semievergreen, GESNERIACEAE L. aloides, syn. L. tricolor, L. ‘Tricolor’.
clump-forming perennial. H 66in (165cm) Genus of erect perennials with scaly Winter- and spring-flowering bulb.
or more, S 32in (80cm). Bears long, lance- rhizomes, grown for their showy, tubular H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has
shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In flowers borne mainly in summer. Needs 2 strap-shaped, semierect, purple-spotted,
summer, upright stems bear racemes full sun or partial shade and moist but well- green, basal leaves. Produces spike of
of tubular, pinkish-red flowers aging drained soil. Water sparingly in winter; 10–20 pendent flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long,
to orange-yellow. Z6–9 H9–6. overwatering will cause rhizomes to rot. with yellow tube shading to red at apex
616 K. snowdenii. See K. thomsonii var. Propagate in spring by division of rhizomes and with flared, green tips. Z11 H12–10.
snowdenii. or by seed if available. ‘Nelsonii’, syn. L. ‘Nelsonii’, illus. p.429.
LARIX
var. quadricolor, illus. p.429. groundcover. Prefers full or partial shade prune young plants to promote a bushy
L. angustifolia. See L. contaminata. LAGERSTROEMIA and moist but well-drained soil. Resents habit and more flowering stems. Propagate
L. contaminata, syn. L. angustifolia. LYTHRACEAE excessive winter wet. Propagate by stem- by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
Winter- and spring-flowering bulb. tip cuttings of non-flowering shoots in mid- summer. Red spider mite and whitefly may
Genus of deciduous or evergreen, summer-
H to 8in (20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has summer or by division in fall or early be troublesome. T All parts may cause
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
narrowly strap-shaped, semierect leaves spring. severe discomfort if ingested, and contact
flowers. Prefers full light and fertile, well-
in basal cluster. Bears spike of bell- L. galeobdolon subsp. montanum with foliage may irritate skin.
drained soil. Water container specimens
shaped, white flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) long, ‘Florentinum’, syn. L. galeobdolon L. camara. Evergreen, rounded to
freely when in full growth, less at other
suffused and tipped with red and green. ‘Variegatum’. Semievergreen, carpeting spreading shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m).
times. To maintain as shrubs, cut back hard
Z11 H12–10. perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Bears oval, finely wrinkled, deep green
the previous season’s stems each spring.
L. glaucina. See L. orchioides var. Oval, mid-green leaves are marked with leaves. From spring to fall, tiny, tubular,
glaucina. silver. Has racemes of tubular, 2-lipped, 5-lobed flowers, in dense, domed heads,
cuttings in summer.
L. mutabilis. Winter- and spring- lemon-yellow flowers in summer. Z4–8 open yellow, then turn red. Many color
L. indica (Crape myrtle). Deciduous,
flowering bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in H8–1. ‘Variegatum’. See L. galeobdolon forms have been selected. Z11 H12–1.
rounded tree or large shrub. H and
(5–8cm). Has 2 strap-shaped, semierect, subsp. montanum ‘Florentinum’. Lucky Series LUCKY HONEY BLUSH
S 25ft (8m). Has trusses of flowers with
basal leaves. Stem bears loose spike of up L. maculatum (Spotted deadnettle). (‘Baluclush’), illus. p.301.
strongly waved, pink, white or purple
to 25 tubular flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, that Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial. L. delicatissima. See L. montevidensis.
petals in summer and early fall. Z7–9
are purple or lilac in bud and open to H 6in (15cm), S 36in (90cm). Has mauve- L. montevidensis, syn. L. delicatissima,
H9–7. ‘Seminale’, illus. p.86.
reddish-brown-tipped petals with green tinged, often pink-flushed, mid-green L. sellowiana (Weeping lantana) illus. p.310.
L. speciosa (Giant crape myrtle, Pride of
tube base. leaves with central, silvery stripes. Clusters L. sellowiana. See L. montevidensis.
India). Deciduous, rounded tree. H 50–70ft
of hooded, mauve-pink flowers are borne L. ‘Spreading Sunset’, illus. p.325.
L. ‘Nelsonii’. See L. aloides ‘Nelsonii’. (15–20m), S 30–50ft (10–15m). Has narrowly
in mid-spring. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Album’, illus.
L. orchioides. Winter- and spring- oval, mid- to deep green leaves, 3–7in
p.255. ‘Aureum’, syn. L. maculatum
flowering bulb. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 2–3in (8–18cm) long. Produces panicles of funnel-
‘Gold Leaf’, H 8in (20cm), S 24in (60cm),
LAPAGERIA
(5–8cm). Has 2 strap-shaped, semierect, shaped, rose-pink to rose-purple flowers in PHILESIACEAE/LILIACEAE
produces oval, yellow leaves with paler
green, basal leaves, sometimes spotted summer–fall, often when leafless. Z9–10
white centers. Whorls of hooded, pink Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
blackish- or purple-brown. Stem produces H10–9.
flowers are borne on short stems in stemmed, twining climber, grown for its
a dense spike of fragrant, semierect,
summer. ‘Beacon Silver’ bears mauve- large, waxy blooms. Requires partial shade
tubular, white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long,
blue-tinged and tipped with green. Z11–14
LAGUNARIA tinged, silver leaves, sometimes with and rich, well-drained soil. Water
Norfolk Island hibiscus narrow, green margins, and clear pale pink moderately when in full growth, scarcely at
H12–6. var. glaucina, syn. L. glaucina has
MALVACEAE flowers. ‘Gold Leaf’. See L. maculatum all at other times. Provide support. Thin out
leaves usually spotted purple and whitish-
‘Aureum’. ‘White Nancy’, illus. p.254. congested growth in spring. Propagate in
blue or pale lilac flowers. Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
L. orvala, illus. p.260. spring by seed, soaked for 2 days before
L. rubida. Winter-flowering bulb. H to grown for its flowers in summer–fall and its
sowing, or in spring or fall by layering.
10in (25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears 2 strap- overall appearance. Prefers full light and
L. rosea (Chilean bellflower), illus. p.202.
shaped, semierect, purple-spotted, green, fertile, well-drained soil. Water container LAMPRANTHUS
var. albiflora is an evergreen, woody-
basal leaves and a loose spike of pendent, plants freely when in full summer growth, AIZOACEAE stemmed, twining climber. H to 15ft (5m).
tubular, red flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, moderately at other times. Pruning is
Genus of creeping, bushy, perennial Has oblong to oval, leathery, dark green
shading to yellow at tips. tolerated, if required. Propagate by seed in
succulents and subshrubs, grown for their leaves. From summer to late fall bears
L. tricolor. See L. aloides. spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Under cover, red spider mite may be
daisylike flowers. Becomes woody after
several years, when is best replenished. Is
pendent, fleshy, narrowly bell-shaped,
white flowers. Z10–11 H12–10.
L
Lactuca alpina. See Cicerbita alpina. troublesome. T Contact with the seeds
Lactuca bourgaei. See Cicerbita good for summer bedding, particularly in
may irritate skin. Lapeirousia cruenta. See Anomatheca
bourgaei. arid conditions. Leaves redden in strong
L. patersonii (Cow itch tree, Queensland laxa.
sun. Requires full sun and very well-
pyramidal tree). Fast-growing, evergreen, Lapeirousia laxa. See Anomatheca laxa.
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
LAELIA upright tree, pyramidal when young.
cuttings in spring or fall.
H 30–46ft (10–14m), S 15–22ft (5–7m). Oval,
ORCHIDACEAE rough-textured leaves are matt-green
L. aurantiacus, syn. L. glaucoides, illus. LARDIZABALA
p.496.
See also ORCHIDS. above, whitish-green beneath. Bears LARDIZABALACEAE
L. deltoides. See Oscularia deltoides.
L. anceps, illus. p.466. Evergreen, hibiscus-like, rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
L. glaucoides. See L. aurantiacus.
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. wide, in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. twining climbers, grown for their foliage.
L. haworthii. Erect to creeping, perennial
H 10in (25cm). Lilac-pink flowers, 21/2in Male and female flowers are produced
succulent. H 20in (50cm), S indefinite. Has
(6cm) wide, each with a deep mauve lip,
LAGURUS cylindrical, blue-gray leaves, 2in (5cm) on the same plant in late fall to winter. Is
are borne in tall spikes in fall. Has oval, useful for growing on trellises or pergolas.
Hare’s tail long. In spring bears masses of daisylike,
rigid leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs Needs sun or partial shade and well-
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE cerise flowers, 3in (7cm) across, that only
partial shade in summer. H11–6. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
open in sun. Z12–15 H12–10.
L. cinnabarina. See Cattleya cinnabarina. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES or by stem cuttings in late summer or fall.
L. roseus, syn. Mesembryanthemum
and SEDGES. L. biternata. See L. funaria.
x Laeliocattleya Rojo gx ‘Mont multiradiatum. Creeping, perennial
L. ovatus (Hare’s-tail grass), illus. p.284. L. funaria, syn. L. biternata. Evergreen,
Millais’. See x Cattlianthe Rojo gx ‘Mont succulent. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.
Produces solid, 3-angled, mid- to glaucous woody-stemmed, twining climber. H 10–12ft
Millais’.
LAMARCKIA green leaves, 2in (5cm) long. Daisylike, (3–4m). Rounded leaves have broadly oval,
dark rose-red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, leathery, dark green leaflets. In winter
LAGAROSIPHON GRAMINEAE/POACEAE produces brown flowers with tiny, whitish
open only in sun from spring to fall.
Curly water thyme See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Z12–15 H12–10. petals, the males in drooping spikes, the
and SEDGES. L. spectabilis, illus. p.484. females solitary. In winter–spring bears
HYDROCHARITACEAE
L. aurea (Golden top, Toothbrush grass). many-seeded, berry-like, purple fruits,
Genus of semievergreen, perennial, Tuft-forming, annual grass. H and S 8in Lamprocapnos spectabilis. See 2–3in (5–8cm) long.
spreading, submerged water plants, grown (20cm). Wiry stems bear scattered, pale Dicentra spectabilis.
for their foliage. Oxygenates water. Needs green leaves and, in summer, erect, dense, Lamprocapnos spectabilis f. alba. See
full sun. Thin regularly to keep under one-sided, golden panicles. Needs sun. Dicentra spectabilis f. alba.
LARIX
control. Propagate by stem cuttings in
Larch
H7–1.
spring or summer. PINACEAE
L. major, syn. Elodea crispa.
LANTANA
Semievergreen, perennial, spreading,
LAMIUM Shrub verbena
See also CONIFERS.
L. decidua (European larch), syn.
Deadnettle VERBENACEAE
submerged water plant. S indefinite. Forms L. europaea, illus. p.97.
dense, underwater swards of foliage. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, L. europaea. See L. decidua.
Ascending stems are covered in narrow, Genus of spring- or summer-flowering grown for their flowers. Needs full light L. kaempferi (Japanese larch), syn.
reflexed, dark green leaves. Bears perennials, most of which are and fertile, well-drained soil. Water L. leptolepis. Fast-growing, deciduous,
insignificant flowers in summer. Z8–11 semievergreen, including a number of container specimens freely when in full columnar conifer with a conical tip. 617
H12–6. weeds; some species make useful growth, moderately at other times. Tip- H 80–100ft (25–30m), S 15–25ft (5–8m).
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LATHRAEA
Shoots are purplish-red and leaves are tendril. In summer and early fall bears of pale mauve-pink flowers with bluish Evergreen, clump-forming shrub. H and
needlelike, flattened, grayish-green or racemes of 4–10 rose-pink flowers, marked stripes down center of each corolla lobe. S 20–32in (50–80cm). Ascending branches
bluish. Small cones have reflexed scales. with green and purple. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Lodden Blue’ (illus. p.158), H 16in (40cm), bear linear, aromatic, gray-green leaves
Z5–7 H7–4. L. vernus, syn. Orobus vernus (Spring bears lilac-blue flowers. ‘Lodden Pink’, covered with greenish-gray hairs. In spring
L. leptolepis. See L. kaempferi. vetchling), illus. p.260. ‘Alboroseus’ is a H to 30in (75cm), has pale pink flowers. and summer, compact, deep purple flower
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in ‘Miss Katherine’ (illus. p.158) bears deep spikes, with dark purple apical terminal
(30cm). In spring, slender stems each bear pink flowers. ‘Munstead’, H and S 24in bracts, are borne on stalks 12in (30cm)
LATHRAEA 3–5 white-and-deep-pink flowers. Has (60cm), has gray-green leaves and blue long. subsp. pedunculata ‘James
SCROPHULARIACEAE fernlike, much-divided, soft leaves. flowers from mid- to late summer. Z5–8 Compton’ (illus. p.158), H 28in (70cm),
Genus of spreading perennials that grow H8–3. ‘Nana Alba’, H to 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm), has purple-margined, green
produces white flowers. ‘Old English stalks, to 8in (20cm) long, bearing dark
as parasites on the roots of trees, in the
LAURELIA
case of L. clandestina on willow or poplar. Lavender’, H to 20in (50cm), has purple purple flower spikes with dark purplish-
True leaves are not produced. Needs partial MONIMIACEAE/ATHEROSPERMATACEAE flowers borne on long, erect stems. mauve, apical bracts. Flowers from mid-
shade cast by host tree and prefers moist Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, ‘Wendy Carlile’ (illus. p.158), H 12in spring to summer if regularly deadheaded.
conditions. Roots resent being disturbed. grown for their aromatic foliage. Requires (30cm), is similar to L.a. ‘Nana Alba’, but L. ‘Regal Splendour’, illus. p.158.
Propagate by seed when fresh, in late sun or partial shade amd tolerates any has a more erect, uniform habit. Evergreen, erect shrub. H 28in (70cm),
summer. but very dry soil. Propagate by semiripe L. x chaytoriae ‘Richard Gray’ S 20in (50cm). Has linear, aromatic, bright
L. clandestina (Toothwort), illus. p.260. cuttings in summer. Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. H and green leaves. Dark violet-blue flower
L. sempervirens, syn. L. serrata. S 20in (50cm). Has linear, aromatic, silvery- spikes, with dark purple, apical terminal
Evergreen, broadly conical tree or shrub. gray leaves. Cylindrical spikes of deep bracts, are produced on stems to 5in (12cm)
LATHYRUS H and S to 50ft (15m). Oval, leathery leaves purple flowers are borne in summer. long. Flowers from mid-spring to summer
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE are glossy, dark green and very aromatic. ‘Sawyers’ (illus. p.158), H 24in (60cm), has if regularly deadheaded.
Genus of annuals and perennials, many In summer bears small, inconspicuous large, more pointed, deep purple flower L. stoechas (French lavender), illus. p.157.
of them tendril climbers, grown for their flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. spikes. Evergreen, spreading shrub. H and S 8–28in
racemes of flowers. Flowers are followed L. serrata. See L. sempervirens. L. dentata (Fringed lavender). Evergreen, (20–70cm). Has linear, gray-green leaves,
by long, thin seed pods. Needs full light bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Aromatic with soft, white hairs. From mid-spring to
leaves are fernlike, toothed and gray-green. fall (if regularly deadheaded) produces
and rich, fertile, well-drained soil. Provide
LAURUS Dense spikes of small, slightly fragrant, fragrant, dark violet-purple flower spikes,
support and remove dead flowers
regularly. Cut down perennials in late fall. LAURACEAE tubular, lavender-blue flowers and purple with purplish-violet apical terminal bracts,
Propagate annuals by seed (soaked before Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their bracts are borne from mid- to late summer. on stalks to 1¼in (3cm) long. f. rosea
sowing) in early spring or early fall, foliage. Needs a sheltered position in sun Z5–9 H9–4. produces pink to rose-red flowers and
perennials by seed in fall or by division or partial shade and fertile, well-drained L. ‘Fathead’, illus. p.158. Evergreen, reddish-purple bracts. f. rosea ‘Kew Red’
in spring. Botrytis and mildew may cause soil. In tubs may be grown well as robust, rounded, bushy shrub. H 20in (illus. p.158), H and S 18in (45cm), is a
problems. T Seeds may cause mild standards, which should be trimmed (50cm), S 24in (60cm). Has linear, aromatic, compact, upright cultivar with mid- to gray-
stomach upset if ingested. during summer. Propagate by semiripe mid- to dark green leaves and dark violet green leaves and pale green, purple-flushed
L. grandiflorus (Everlasting pea). cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. flower spikes, with large, petal-like, stalks, 11/4–2in (3–5cm) long, bearing
Herbaceous, tendril climber. H to 5ft (1.5m). L. nobilis (Bay laurel, Sweet bay), illus. p.80. reddish-purple, terminal bracts, borne rounded, cerise-crimson flower spikes with
Has unwinged stems, and neat racemes of on dark green stalks to 5in (12cm) long. soft pink bracts. subsp. stoechas f.
pink-purple and red flowers in summer. Flowers from late spring through summer leucantha has white flowers. subsp.
L LAVANDULA if deadheaded regularly. stoechas f. leucantha ‘Snowman’ (illus.
Z6–9 H9–5.
Lavender
L. latifolius (Everlasting pea, Perennial L. ‘Grappenhall’. See L. x intermedia p.158), H and S 20in (50cm), is a compact
pea), illus. p.201. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ‘Pale Pretender’. shrub with numerous short, dense spikes of
L. magellanicus. See L. nervosus. Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- L. ‘Helmsdale’, illus. p.158. Evergreen, small, white flowers, topped by white bracts,
L. nervosus, syn. L. magellanicus (Blue flowering shrubs, with entire or divided, robust, rounded shrub. H 28in (70cm), in summer. Leaves are strongly aromatic.
pea). Herbaceous, tendril climber. H to 15ft often gray-green leaves, grown for their S 43in (110cm). Has linear, aromatic, mid- L. ‘Willow Vale’, illus. p.158. Evergreen,
(5m). Gray-green leaves each have a pair of aromatic foliage and flowers. Makes an to dark leaves. Bright green stalks, to 5in compact shrub. H and S 20–28in (50–70cm).
leaflets, a 3-branched tendril and large effective, low hedge. Needs full sun and (12cm) long, bear dark violet flower spikes Has linear, aromatic, gray-green leaves and
stipules. Fragrant, purplish-blue flowers fertile, well-drained soil. Trim hedges with reddish-purple bracts. Flowers from bears long spikes of purple flowers, with
are borne in long-stalked racemes in lightly in spring to maintain a compact mid-spring through summer if deadheaded wavy or crinkly flower bracts, in summer.
summer. Z3–10 H10–1. habit. New growth is rarely produced from regularly.
L. ‘Hidcote’. See L. angustifolia ‘Hidcote’.
L. odoratus (Sweet pea). Moderately fast- old wood. Propagate by semiripe cuttings LAVATERA
growing, annual, tendril climber. H to 10ft in summer. See also feature panel p.158. L. x intermedia (L. angustifolia x L. latifolia;
Mallow
(3m). Has oval, mid-green leaves with L. angustifolia (English lavender). Lavandin). Evergreen, spreading shrub.
tendrils. Scented flowers are produced in Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 16–32in H 32–56in (80–140cm), S 28–36in (70–90cm). MALVACEAE
shades of pink, blue, purple or white, from (40–80cm), S 16–24in (40–60cm). Has linear Has narrowly elliptic to obovate, very Genus of mainly summer-flowering
summer to early fall. Dwarf, non-climbing to narrowly ovate, aromatic, gray-felted aromatic, silver- to greenish-gray leaves, annuals, biennials, perennials and
cultivars are available. Z9–10 H8–1. ‘Barry leaves. In mid-summer produces small, covered in fine, silvery-gray hairs. From semievergreen subshrubs and shrubs.
Dare’, illus. p.202. ‘Bijou’, H and S 18in fragrant, compact, violet-blue, sometimes mid-summer to early fall, long, sometimes Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
(45cm), has large flowers in shades of pink, pink or white flower spikes, on stalks branched, stalks, 8–28in (20–70cm) long, perennials, subshrubs and shrubs by
red or blue. ‘Charles Unwin’, illus. p.201. 4–12in (10–30cm) long. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Batlad’ bear spikes of fragrant, tubular, violet-blue softwood cuttings in early spring or
Cupid Series ‘Cupid Pink’, illus. p.301. see L.a. LITTLE LADY. ‘Clarmo’ see L.a. LITTLE to white flowers, with green to dark violet summer, annuals and biennials by seed
‘Jayne Amanda’ bears racemes of usually LOTTIE. ‘Hidcote’, syn. L. ‘Hidcote’ (illus. calyces. Is the main source of commercial in spring or early fall.
4, rarely 5, rose-pink flowers, and may be p.158), H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm), has lavender, lavandine. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Alba’ L. assurgentiflora, illus. p.133.
grown as a cordon or bush. ‘Knee Hi’, dense spikes of deep purple flowers from (illus. p.158) is a vigorous, erect shrub with L. cachemiriana, syn. L. cachemirica.
H and S 3ft (90cm), has large flowers in mid- to late summer and silvery-gray white flowers, occasionally tinted pale Semievergreen, woody-based perennial
shades of pink, red, blue or white. ‘Lady leaves. ‘Imperial Gem’ (illus. p.158), purple. ‘Grappenhall’. See L. x intermedia or subshrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 3ft (1m).
Diana’, illus. p.201. ‘Mrs. Bernard H and S 2ft (60cm). has narrowly oblong, ‘Pale Pretender’.‘Hidcote Giant’, H to 4ft Wiry stems bear panicles of trumpet-
Jones’, illus. p.201. silvery-gray leaves and produces dense (1.2m), has dense spikes of deep lavender- shaped, silky, clear pink flowers in summer
L. rotundifolius (Persian everlasting pea). spikes of tiny, deep purple flowers from blue flowers. ‘Pale Pretender’, syn. L. and ivy-shaped, downy, mid-green leaves.
Herbaceous, tendril climber with winged mid- to late summer. LITTLE LADY ‘Grappenhall’, L. x intermedia ‘Grappenhall’, Z4–9 H9–1.
stems. H to 3ft (1m). Leaves each have (‘Batlad’), illus. p.158, H 26in (65cm), H to 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m), produces blue- L. cachemirica. See L. cachemiriana.
narrow stipules, a pair of leaflets and a S 32in (80cm), has a compact, erect habit, purple flowers. L. x clementii. ‘Barnsley’ Vigorous,
3-branched tendril. Has small racemes gray- to sage-green leaves and bears L. lanata, illus. p.158. Evergreen, bushy semievergreen subshrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
of 3–8 pink to purplish flowers in summer. abundant spikes of white-centered, dark shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Young shoots Mid-green, palmate leaves have 3–5 lobes.
Z5–10 H10–1. violet flowers from summer to early fall. and linear leaves are covered with whitish Throughout summer bears profuse clusters
L. sylvestris (Perennial pea). Herbaceous, LITTLE LOTTIE (‘Clarmo’), illus. p.158, “wool.” Produces strongly fragrant, of open funnel-shaped, red-eyed, white
tendril climber with winged stems. H to 6ft H 16in (40cm), S 26in (65cm), is a neat, tubular, bright violet flowers on erect flowers, aging to soft pink, with deeply
618 (2m). Leaves each have narrow stipules, a domed shrub, spreading with age, with spikes in summer. Z8–9 H8–1. notched petals. Z6–9 H9–5. ‘Rosea’, syn.
pair of leaflets and a terminal, branched bright gray-green leaves and dense spikes L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata. L. olbia ‘Rosea’, illus. p.136.
LEUCOCORYNE
L. olbia ‘Rosea’. See L. x clementii Lemboglossum bictoniense. See

‘Rosea’. Rhynchostele bictoniensis. LEPTINELLA LEUCANTHEMELLA
L. trimestris ‘Mont Blanc’, illus. p.299. Lemboglossum cervantesii. See COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
‘Silver Cup’, illus. p.305. Rhynchostele cervantesii.
Genus of annuals and creeping perennials Genus of hairy perennials, grown for their
Lemboglossum cordatum. See
that are effective as low groundcover. daisylike flower heads in fall. Needs full sun
LAYIA Rhynchostele cordatum.
Needs full sun and moderately fertile, or partial shade and reliably moist soil.
Lemboglossum rossii. See Rhynchostele Propagate by division or basal cuttings in
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE sharply drained soil. Propagate by seed
rossii. spring.
as soon as ripe or by division in spring.
Genus of annuals, useful for hot, dry places. Lembotropis nigricans. See Cytisus
L. atrata, syn. Cotula atrata. Evergreen, L. serotina, syn. Chrysanthemum
Needs sun and very well-drained soil. nigricans.
mat-forming perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S to serotinum, Chrysanthemum ulignosum,
Propagate by seed in spring or early fall.
10in (25cm). Has small, finely cut, grayish- illus. p.220.
L. elegans. See L. platyglossa.
L. platyglossa, syn. L. elegans (Tidy tips).
LEONOTIS green leaves and blackish-red flower heads
Fast-growing, upright, bushy annual. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE in late spring and early summer. Is not easy LEUCANTHEMOPSIS
H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance- to grow successfully. Z8–9 H9–8. subsp.
Genus of annuals, evergreen and COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
shaped, grayish-green leaves. Daisylike luteola, illus. p.349.
semievergreen perennials, subshrubs and Genus of dwarf, tufted, clump- or mat-
flower heads, 2in (5cm) wide, with white- shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall forming perennials, grown for their
tipped, yellow ray petals and yellow appearance. Needs full sun and rich, well- LEPTOSPERMUM solitary, daisylike flower heads in summer.
centers, are produced from early summer Tea tree
drained soil. Water container specimens Needs full sun and sharply drained soil.
to early fall. Is suitable for cut flowers.
freely when in full growth, much less at MYRTACEAE Propagate by seed as soon as ripe or by
H12–6.
other times of year. Cut back perennials, Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, division or basal cuttings in spring.
Lechenaultia. See Leschenaultia. subshrubs and shrubs to within 6in (15cm) grown for their foliage and small, often L. alpina, syn. Chrysanthemum alpinum
of the ground in early spring. Propagate by profuse flowers. Grows well in coastal (Alpine chrysanthemum). Tuft-forming,
seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings in short-lived perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in
LEDEBOURIA early summer.
areas if not too exposed. Needs full sun
(20cm). Small tufts of deeply cut leaves are
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE L. leonurus (Lion’s ear), illus. p.141. produced from short, rhizomatous stems.
Genus of bulbs, some of which are Has large, white flower heads, with yellow
L. flavescens. See L. polygalifolium.
centers, in summer. Is good for a rock or
evergreen, with ornamental, narrowly LEONTOPODIUM L. humifusum. See L. rupestre.
scree garden, or an alpine planter. Z6–9
lance-shaped leaves. Produces very small L. polygalifolium, syn. L. flavescens, illus.
Edelweiss H9–6.
flowers with reflexed tips. Makes good p.131.
pot plants in cool greenhouses. Needs full COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
L. rupestre, syn. L. humifusum, illus.
light, to allow leaf marks to develop well, Genus of short-lived, spring-flowering, p.151. LEUCANTHEMUM
and loose, open soil. Propagate by offsets woolly perennials, grown for their L. scoparium (Manuka, New Zealand tea- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in spring. distinctive flower heads. Is suitable for rock tree). var. incanum ‘Keatleyi’ is an
L. cooperi, syn. Scilla adlamii, Scilla gardens, containers and alpine troughs. Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for
evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 10ft
cooperi. Summer-flowering bulb. H 2–4in Requires sun, gritty, well-drained soil and their flowers. Cultivars of L. x superbum are
(3m). Narrowly lance-shaped, aromatic,
(5–10cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Semierect, a deep collar of grit to improve surface valued for their profusion of large, daisylike
gray-green leaves set off a profusion of
green, basal leaves, with brownish-purple summer flowers. Some species are suitable
drainage. Shelter from prevailing, rain- large, star-shaped, pale pink flowers in late
for rock gardens. Needs full sun and well-
stripes, die away in winter. Stem bears
short spike of small, bell-shaped, greenish-
bearing winds, because crowns are spring–summer. ‘Nicholsii’ produces
drained soil. Taller cultivars require staking. L
extremely intolerant of winter wet and may bronze-purple leaves and smaller, crimson
purple flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. Propagate species by seed in spring or fall
rot off. Propagate by division in spring or flowers. Z12–15 H12–10. ‘Red Damask’,
L. socialis, syn. Scilla socialis, Scilla or by division in early spring or late
by seed when fresh. Many seeds are not illus. p.123. ‘Snow White’ (New Zealand
violacea, illus. p.421. summer, cultivars by division only.
viable. tea-tree), illus. p.130.
L. x superbum, syn. Chrysanthemum
L. alpinum (Edelweiss), illus. p.332.
maximum, C. x superbum (Shasta daisy).
LEDUM L. stracheyi. Mound-forming, spreading,
LESCHENAULTIA Robust perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
woolly perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Star-
ERICACEAE SYN. LECHENAULTIA Lift, divide and replant plants every 2 years
shaped, glistening, white flower heads are to maintain vigor. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Aglaia’,
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for produced among thick, oval, silver leaves GOODENIACEAE
their aromatic foliage and small, white illus. p.230. ‘Elizabeth’ has large, solitary,
in spring. Makes a good alpine house plant. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for daisylike, pure white flower heads borne in
flowers. Needs full or partial shade and
Z5–7 H7–5. their flowers. Needs full light and peaty, summer. ‘Esther Read’, illus. p.263.
moist, peaty, acid soil. Benefits from dead-
well-drained soil with few phosphates ‘Sonnenschein’, illus. p.231. ‘Wirral
heading. Propagate by semiripe cuttings Leopoldia comosa. See Muscari and nitrates. Water container plants Pride’, illus. p.246. ‘Wirral Supreme’ is
in summer or by seed in fall. comosum. moderately during growing season, double with short, central florets. Z5–8
L. groenlandicum (Labrador tea), illus.
sparingly at other times. Shorten over-long H8–1.
p.145.
LEPISMIUM stems after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
LEIOPHYLLUM CACTACEAE
Most species are not easy to grow under LEUCHTENBERGIA
Genus of epiphytic and lithophytic glass; good ventilation is essential. CACTACEAE
ERICACEAE
(growing on rocks) perennial cacti often L. floribunda. Evergreen, domed, wiry-
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub Genus of one species of perennial cactus.
pendulous in habit, grown for their stemmed shrub. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm).
with an extensive, spreading root system. Looks like Agave in foliage, but its flowers,
cylindrical, ribbed, angled or flat, usually Has narrow, cylindrical, pointed leaves
Prefers partial shade and well-drained, seed pods and seeds are similar to
segmented stems. Small, funnel- to and, in spring-summer, short, tubular,
peaty, acid soil. Top-dress regularly with Ferocactus. Tubercles eventually form on
disc-shaped flowers are followed by pale blue flowers, with 5 angular petals, short, rough, woody stems. Needs full sun
peaty soil. Propagate by seed in spring spherical, often purple or red berries. in terminal clusters. Z12–15 H12–10. and very well-drained soil. Keep completely
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Needs partial shade and rich, well-
L. buxifolium (Sand myrtle). Evergreen, dry in winter; water sparingly from spring
drained soil. Prefers 80% relative
dome-shaped shrub. H 10in (25cm), S 18in humidity—higher than for most cacti.
LEUCADENDRON to fall. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.
(45cm). Stems are covered with tiny, oval, PROTEACEAE
Give only occasional, very light watering L. principis, illus. p.490.
leathery, dark green leaves. In late spring,
in winter. Propagate by seed or stem Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
terminal clusters of deep pink buds develop
cuttings in spring or summer. grown for their flower heads from fall to
into small, star-shaped, white flowers, with
L. warmingianum, syn. Rhipsalis spring and for their foliage. Needs full light
LEUCOCORYNE
prominent stamens. Z6–8 H8–6.
warmingiana. Erect, then pendent, and sharply drained soil, mainly of sand LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE
Lemairocereus euphorbioides. perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). and peat, ideally with very little nitrogen Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown for
See Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides. Has slender, notched, cylindrical, green and phosphates. Water container their loose heads of flattish flowers. Needs
Lemairocereus marginatus. See branches, sometimes tinged red or brown, specimens moderately while in growth, sun and well-drained soil. Plant in fall, water
Pachycereus marginatus. with 2–4 angles, and green-white flowers in sparingly at other times. Propagate by seed well during their growing season and keep
Lemairocereus thurberi. See winter–spring, followed by violet berries. in spring. almost dry when dormant in summer. 619
Stenocereus thurberi. Z13–15 H12–10. L. argenteum, illus. p.451. Propagate by seed or offsets in fall.
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LEUCOGENES
L. ixioides (Glory of the sun). Spring- nitrates. Water container specimens In summer, large, almost stemless, cup-
Libocedrus chilensis. See
flowering bulb. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 3–4in moderately when in growth, sparingly at shaped, white flowers are borne above
Austrocedrus chilensis.
(8–10cm). Has long, narrow, semierect, basal other times. Propagate by seed in spring. Is small clusters of strap-shaped, dark green
Libocedrus decurrens. See Calocedrus
leaves that are withered by flowering time. not easy to cultivate long term under glass; leaves. Z3–4 H4–1.
decurrens.
Wiry, slender flower stem has a loose head good ventilation is essential. L. rediviva, [pink form] illus. p.365; [white
Libonia floribunda. See Justicia rizzinii.
of up to 10 lilac-blue flowers. Z12–14 H8–1. L. cordifolium, syn. L. nutans. Evergreen, form] illus. p.360.
rounded to spreading, well-branched shrub. L. tweedyi, syn. Lewisiopsis tweedi,
LEUCOGENES H and S 4ft (1.2m). Elongated, heart-shaped, Cistanthe tweedyi, illus. p.351. LIGULARIA
blue-gray leaves each have a 3-toothed tip. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
New Zealand edelweiss Lewisiopsis tweedi. See Lewisia
In summer, very slender, tubular, brick-red
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE tweedyi. Genus of perennials, grown for their
to orange flowers, each with a long style,
foliage and large, daisylike flower heads.
Genus of evergreen, woody-based are borne in tight heads that resemble single
Needs sun or partial shade and moist but
perennials, grown mainly for their foliage. Is blooms. Z12–15 H12–10. LEYCESTERIA well-drained soil. Propagate by division
excellent for alpine houses in areas where L. nutans. See L. cordifolium. CAPRIFOLIACEAE in spring or by seed in fall or spring. Is
summers are cool. Needs sun and gritty, L. reflexum, illus. p.456.
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for prone to damage by slugs and snails.
well-drained, peaty soil. Resents winter wet
their showy flower clusters. Needs full sun L. ‘Britt Marie Crawford’, illus. p.445.
and may be difficult to grow. Propagate by
LEUCOTHÖE and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by L. clivorum ‘Desdemona’. See L. dentata
seed when fresh or by softwood cuttings in
ERICACEAE softwood cuttings in summer or by seed or ‘Desdemona’.
late spring or early summer.
division in fall. L. dentata ‘Desdemona’, syn. L.
L. grandiceps, illus. p.356. Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
L. formosa (Himalayan honeysuckle). clivorum ‘Desdemona’. Compact, clump-
L. leontopodium, syn. Raoulia deciduous shrubs, grown for their white
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
leontopodium (North Island edelweiss). flowers and their foliage. Needs full or
Has blue-green shoots and slender, oval, (60cm). Has heart-shaped, long-stalked,
Evergreen, rosetted perennial. H and S 5in partial shade and moist, peaty, acid soil.
dark green leaves. In summer and early fall, leathery, basal, dark brownish-green
(12cm). Has oblong to oval, overlapping, Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
small, funnel-shaped, white flowers are leaves, almost mahogany beneath. Bears
silvery-white to yellowish leaves. In early L. catesbaei. See L. fontanesiana.
produced at tip of each pendent cluster terminal clusters of large, daisylike, vivid
summer produces up to 15 small, star- L. fontanesiana, syn. L. catesbaei, L.
of purplish-red bracts and are followed by orange flower heads on branching stems
shaped, woolly, silvery-white flower heads walteri (Drooping leucothoe, Fetterbush). from mid- to late summer. Z4–8 H8–1.
spherical, reddish-purple fruits. Cut weak
surrounded by thick, felted, white bracts. Evergreen, arching shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), L. ‘Gregynog Gold’. Clump-forming
shoots to ground level in early spring. Z7–9
Z7–8 H8–7. S 10ft (3m). Lance-shaped, leathery, glossy, H9–6. perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
dark green leaves have long points and are large, heart-shaped and deep green.
LEUCOJUM sharp teeth. Short racemes of small, urn-
LEYMUS Conical panicles of daisylike, orange-yellow
shaped, white flowers are borne beneath flower heads are borne from mid- to late
Snowflake
shoots from mid- to late spring. Z5–8 H8–5. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE summer. Z6–9 H9–6.
AMARYLLIDACEAE ‘Rainbow’, illus. p.167. SCARLETTA
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, L. przewalskii, syn. Senecio przewalskii,
Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent, (‘Zeblid’) has dark red-purple young and SEDGES. illus. p.445.
bell-shaped, white or pink flowers in fall or foliage, which turns dark green, then L. arenarius, syn. Elymus arenarius. L. stenocephala. Loosely clump-forming
spring. Some species prefer a moist, bronze in winter. Z5–8 H8–3. ‘Zeblid’ see Vigorous, spreading, herbaceous, perennial. H 4ft (1.2m) or more, S 2ft
partially shaded site, others do best in sun L.f. SCARLETTA. rhizomatous, perennial grass. H to 5ft (60cm). Has rounded, jagged-edged, mid-
and well-drained soil. Propagate by division L. keiskei. Evergreen shrub with erect (1.5m), S indefinite. Has broad, glaucous green leaves. Large heads of daisylike,
L in spring or early fall or by seed in fall. or semiprocumbent stems. H 6–24in leaves. Produces sturdy, terminal spikes yellow-orange flowers are borne on
L. aestivum, illus. p.436. (15–60cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Oval, of grayish-green flowers on erect stems in purplish stems from mid- to late summer.
L. autumnale. See Acis autumnalis. thin-textured, glossy, dark green leaves late summer. Is useful for binding coastal Z4–8 H8–1.
L. roseum. See Acis rosea. have a red flush when young and leathery dunes. Z4–10 H10–1. L. ‘The Rocket’, illus. p.219.
L. vernum, illus. p.414. appearance. Bears pendent, urn-shaped, L. tussilaginea. See Farfugium
white flowers from leaf axils in summer. Is japonicum.
LIATRIS
LEUCOPHYTA good for a rock garden, peat bed or alpine
Blazing star, Gayfeather
house. Prefers mild, damp climates. Z6–8
Cushion bush
H8–6. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE LIGUSTRUM
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE L. walteri. See L. fontanesiana. Privet
Genus of summer-flowering perennials
Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials with thickened, corm-like rootstocks, OLEACEAE
and small shrubs, often used as summer
bedding. Requires full light and well-drained
LEWISIA grown for their flowers. Prefers sun and Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
well-drained soil. Propagate by division evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
soil. Water container plants moderately PORTULACACEAE
in spring. their foliage and, in some species,
when in full growth, sparingly at other Genus of perennials, some of which are L. callilepis of gardens. See L. spicata. flowers. Requires sun or partial shade,
times. Remove tips to promote a bushy evergreen, with rosettes of succulent leaves L. pycnostachya (Kansas gayfeather). the variegated forms doing best in full
habit. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late and deep tap roots. Most species are good Clump-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), sun. Thrives on any well-drained soil,
summer. Botrytis may be troublesome if in alpine houses, troughs and rock gardens. S 1ft (30cm). In summer bears tall spikes including chalky soil. All except L.
plants are kept too cool and damp in winter. Evergreen species need partial shade and of clustered, feathery, mauve-pink flower lucidum occasionally need cutting back
L. brownii, syn. Calocephalus brownii, rich, moist or well-drained, neutral to acid heads. Grasslike, dark green leaves form in mid-spring to restrict growth.
illus. p.315. soil and resent water in their rosettes at all basal tufts. Z3–9 H9–2. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
times. Herbaceous species shed their leaves L. spicata, syn. L. callilepis (Gayfeather, summer. T All parts may cause severe
LEUCOPOGON in summer and require sun and well- Spike blazing star), illus. p.438. discomfort if ingested.
drained, neutral to acid soil; dry off after L. japonicum (Japanese privet).
ERICACEAE flowering. Propagate herbaceous species Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m),
Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs, by seed in spring or fall, evergreen species
LIBERTIA S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, glossy, very dark
suitable for rock gardens and peat beds. by seed in spring or by offsets in summer. IRIDACEAE green leaves and, from mid-summer to
Needs a sheltered, shaded site and gritty, Seed of L. Cotyledon Hybrids may not Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown early fall, large, conical panicles of small,
moist, peaty soil. Propagate in summer come true. for their foliage, decorative seed pods tubular, white flowers with lobes. Z7–10
by seed or semiripe cuttings. L. columbiana. Evergreen, basal-rosetted and flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny or H10–7. ‘Coriaceum’. See L. japonicum
L. colensoi, syn. Cyathodes colensoi, illus. perennial. H 6in (15cm) or more, S 4–6in partially shaded site and well-drained soil. ‘Rotundifolium’. ‘Rotundifolium’, syn.
p.346. (10–15cm). Bears thick, narrowly oblong, Propagate by division in spring or by seed L. japonicum ‘Coriaceum’ is slow-growing,
flat, glossy, green leaves and, in early in fall or spring. and produces a dense mass of rounded,
LEUCOSPERMUM summer, terminal sprays of small, cup- L. grandiflora, illus. p.230. leathery leaves.
shaped, deeply veined, white to deep pink L. ixioides. Clump-forming, rhizomatous L. lucidum (Chinese privet). Evergreen,
Pincushion
flowers. Prefers moist soil. Z4–8 H8–3. perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Produces upright shrub or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft
PROTEACEAE L. Cotyledon Hybrids, illus. p.340. panicles of saucer-shaped, white flowers in (8m). Bears large, oval, glossy, dark green
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their L. ‘George Henley’, illus. p.338. summer. Grasslike, dark green leaves turn leaves. Produces large panicles of small,
620 flower heads. Requires full light and sandy, L. nevadensis. Loose, basal-rosetted orange-brown in winter. ‘Goldfinger’, tubular, white flowers, with 4 lobes, in
well-drained soil with few phosphates and perennial. H 11/2–21⁄2in (4–6cm), S 3in (8cm). illus. p.277. late summer and early fall. Z8–10 H10–8.
LILIUM
‘Excelsum Superbum’ has bright green turkscap, sometimes scented flowers, and L. ‘Arena’, illus. p.388. Vigorous, summer- L. bulbiferum (Fire lily, Orange lily).
leaves, marked with pale green and yellow- have whorls of elliptic leaves. flowering Division 7b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
edged. Z8–11 H12–8. Division 3 (Candidum hybrids) Large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped to roots. H 16in–5ft (40cm–1.5m). Stem bears
L. ovalifolium (Privet), illus. p.119. Derived from L. candicum and other slightly trumpet-shaped, recurving, scattered, lance-shaped leaves and, usually,
‘Aureum’ is a vigorous, evergreen European species, except L. martagon, greenish- to yellowish-white flowers have bulbils in leaf axils. Bears 1–5 or more
or semievergreen, upright, dense shrub. these lilies produce sometimes scented, deep red central veining on the insides and upward-facing, shallowly cup-shaped,
H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, glossy, mid- mostly turkscap flowers, singly or in yellow-green throats with deep red spots. orange-red flowers. Each petal is 21/2–31/4in
green leaves are broadly edged bright umbels or racemes. Leaves are elliptic, L. auratum (Golden-rayed lily of Japan). (6–8.5cm) long and spotted black or deep
yellow. Dense panicles of small, rather and spirally arranged or scattered. Summer- and fall-flowering Division 9 lily red. Z3–8 H8–1. var. croceum (illus. p.391)
unpleasantly scented, tubular, white with stem roots. H 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m). has orange flowers and does not normally
flowers, with 4 lobes, in mid-summer are Division 4 (American hybrids)
Has long, scattered, lance-shaped leaves. bear bulbils.
followed by spherical, black fruits. Cut back Derived from American species, these lilies
Produces up to 10, sometimes more, L. ‘California Gold’. Vigorous, summer-
hedges to 1ft (30cm) after planting and bear racemes of sometimes scented, mostly
fragrant, outward-facing, widely bowl- flowering Division 6a lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
prune hard for first 2 years; then trim as turkscap, but occasionally funnel-shaped
shaped, white flowers; each petal is 5–7in Produces sprays of outward-facing,
necessary in growing season. Z6–10 H10–9. flowers, and have whorls of lance-shaped
(12–18cm) long with a central, red or yellow trumpet- to bowl-shaped, deep lemon-
L. sinense, illus. p.112. to elliptic leaves.
band and often red or yellow spots. yellow flowers, with the reverses of the
L. x vicaryi. See L. ‘Vicaryi’. Division 5 (Longiflorum hybrids) Requires partial shade and neutral to acid gently recurving petals bronze-green.
L. ‘Vicaryi’, syn. L. x vicaryi, illus. p.140. Derived from L. formosanum and L. soil. Z3–8 H8–1. var. platyphyllum (illus. L. canadense (Canada lily, Meadow lily,
L. vulgare (Common privet). Deciduous longiflorum, these lilies bear racemes or p.388) has broader leaves; petals have a Wild yellow lily), illus. p.390. Summer-
or semievergreen, bushy shrub. H and umbels of large, often sweetly scented, central, yellow band and fewer spots. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.
S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, trumpet- or funnel-shaped flowers, Z5–8 H8–1. H to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly to broadly lance-
dark green leaves. Produces panicles of sometimes only 2 or 3 per stem. Leaves L. ‘Black Beauty’. Summer-flowering shaped leaves are mainly in whorls. Bears
small, strongly scented, tubular, white are linear to narrowly lance-shaped, and Division 7d lily. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Has about 10 nodding, bell-shaped, yellow or
flowers, with 4 lobes, from early to mid- scattered. medium-sized, outward-facing, flattish, red flowers; each petal is 2–3in (5–8cm)
summer, then spherical, black fruits. Cut Division 6 (Trumpet and Aurelian green-centered, very deep red flowers with long, with dark red or purple spots in
back hedges to 1ft (30cm) after planting hybrids) recurved, white-margined petals. Z3–8 lower part. Z3–8 H8–1.
and prune hard for first 2 years; then trim Derived from Asiatic species, including H8–1. L. candidum (Madonna lily). Summer-
as necessary in growing season. Z5–8 L. regale, L. henryi and L. sargentiae, these L. ‘Black Dragon’. Summer-flowering flowering Division 9 lily. H 3–6ft (1–2m).
H8–5. ‘Aureum’, H and S 6ft (2m), has lilies bear racemes or umbels of usually Division 6a lily. H 5ft (1.5m). Has large, Flower stem bears scattered, lance-shaped
golden-yellow foliage. scented flowers. Leaves are elliptic to linear, outward-facing, trumpet-shaped flowers leaves and 5–20 fragrant, outward-facing,
and alternate or spirally arranged. There are with dark purplish-red outsides and white broadly funnel-shaped, white flowers. Each
LILIUM 4 subdivisions: 6a) trumpet-shaped flowers; insides. Z3–8 H8–1. petal is 2–3in (5–8cm) long with yellow base
Lily 6b) bowl-shaped flowers; 6c) very shallowly L. ‘Black Magic’, illus. p.388. Summer- and slightly recurved tip. In fall bears basal
bowl-shaped flowers, some almost flat; 6d) flowering Division 6a lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). leaves, which remain throughout winter
LILIACEAE
distinctly recurved flowers. Scented, outward-facing, trumpet-shaped but die off as flowering stems mature.
Genus of mainly summer-flowering bulbs, flowers are purplish-brown outside and Prefers lime-rich soil. Z6–9 H9–6.
Division 7 (Oriental hybrids)
grown for their often fragrant, brightly white inside. Z3–8 H8–1. L. carniolicum. See L. pyrenaicum subsp.
Derived from E. Asian species, such as
colored flowers. Each fleshy-scaled bulb L. ‘Black Out’, illus. p.389. Summer- carniolicum.
L. auratum, L. japonicum and L. speciosum,
produces one unbranched, leafy stem, in flowering Division 1b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). L. ‘Casa Blanca’, illus. p.388. Late
as well as their hybrids with L. henryi,
some cases with annual roots in lower part.
these lilies have flowers borne in racemes Glossy, dark red flowers have black-red summer-flowering Division 7b lily. H 3ft L
Mostly lance-shaped or linear leaves, to throats, with tiny, black spots. (90cm). Large, waxy, white flowers have
9in (22cm) long, are scattered or in whorls, or panicles, and are often scented. Leaves
are lance-shaped and alternate. There are 4 L. ‘Black Pearl’. Summer-flowering yellowish-white midribs and violet-red
sometimes with bulbils in axils. Flowers, Division 1a lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears deep nectaries. Z6–9 H9–6.
usually several per stem, are mainly subdivisions: 7a) trumpet-shaped flowers;
7b) bowl-shaped flowers; 7c) flat or very purple-red flowers. L. cernuum (Nodding lily), illus. p.389.
trumpet- to bowl-shaped or with the L. ‘Bonfire’. Late summer-flowering Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
6 petals strongly reflexed to form a shallowly bowl-shaped flowers; 7d)
turkscap or various recurved flowers. Division 7b lily. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Produces roots. H to 2ft (60cm). Long, linear leaves
turkscap shape. (Petals of Lilium are known outward-facing, bowl-shaped flowers with are scattered. Produces 7–15 fragrant,
botanically as perianth segments.) Three Division 8. Other hybrids
broad petals, white outside flushed with nodding, turkscap flowers, usually pinkish-
categories of flower size—small, medium Division 9. All true species. purple with purple spots. Each petal is
pink, and dark crimson inside, spotted
and large—are used in the descriptions
L. African Queen Group, illus. p.391. paler crimson. Z3–8 H8–1. 11/2–2in (3.5–5cm) long. Z2–6 H6–1.
below. For turkscap, bowl-, cup-, and star-
Summer-flowering Division 6 lily. H 3ft L. ‘Boogie Woogie’, illus. p.390. L. chalcedonicum, syn. L. heldreichii
shaped flowers: small is up to 2in (5cm)
(1m). Produces 3 large, fragrant flowers, Summer-flowering Division 5 and 6 (Scarlet turkscap lily) illus. p.391.
across; medium is 2–3in (5–7cm) across;
brownish-purple outside and apricot- crossbred Orienpet lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with
large is over 3in (7cm) across. For trumpet-
orange on the inside, with recurved petals. large, fragrant flowers with recurved, stem roots. H 20in–5ft (50cm–1.5m).
and funnel-shaped flowers: small is up to
Z5–8 H8–5. pink-edged, yellow petals. Leaves are scattered and mostly lance-
3in (7cm) long; medium is 3–4in (7–10cm)
L. ‘Altari’, illus. p.388. Summer-flowering L. ‘Bright Star’, illus. p.390. Summer- shaped; lower ones are spreading,
long; large is over 4in (10cm) long. Each
Division 5 and 7 crossbred lily. H 3ft (1m). flowering Division 6b lily. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). upper ones smaller and closer to stem.
plant has a spread of up to 12in (30cm).
Highly scented, white flowers have Has large, flattish, white flowers; petals Bears up to 12 slightly scented, nodding,
Needs sun and well-drained soil, unless
cranberry-red inner throats. have recurved tips and central, orange turkscap flowers with red or reddish-
otherwise stated. Propagate by seed in fall
L. amabile. Summer-flowering Division 9 streak inside. Z5–8 H8–1. orange petals, 2–3in (5–7cm) long.
or spring, by bulb scales in summer or by
lily with stem roots. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m). L. ‘Brocade’. Early summer-flowering Z7–9 H8–1.
stem bulbils in fall. Virus, fungal diseases,
Scattered leaves are lance-shaped. Has up Division 2 lily. H 5ft (1.5m). Produces L. Citronella Group, illus. p.390. Mid-
and lily beetle may cause problems. Lilies
to 10 unpleasant-smelling, nodding, nodding, turkscap, orange-yellow flowers, summer-flowering Division 1 lily.
are classified into 9 divisions. See feature
turkscap, black-spotted, red flowers; each suffused rosy-pink, with purple-red spots H 3ft (1m). Produces nodding heads
panel pp.388–91.
petal is 2–21/4in (5–5.5cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. on insides of recurved petals. of large, scented flowers with recurved,
Division 1 (Asiatic hybrids) L. ‘Amber Gold’. Summer-flowering L. ‘Bronwen North’. Mid-summer- black-spotted, bright yellow petals.
These lilies are derived from various Asiatic Division 1c lily. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Has flowering Division 1c lily. H to 3ft (1m). Z3–8 H8–1.
species, including L. bulbiferum, L. medium-sized, nodding, turkscap, deep Each stem bears 7 or more medium-sized, L. ‘Conca d’Or’, illus. p.390. Summer-
cernuum, L. concolor, L. davidii, L. yellow flowers, each with maroon spots in slightly fragrant flowers with strongly flowering Division 5 and 6 crossbred
lancifolium and L. x maculatum. The flowers throat. Z3–8 H8–1. recurving, pale mauve-pink petals, paler at Orienpet lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Produces to 3
are borne in racemes or umbels, and are L. ‘Angela North’. Mid-summer- the tips, and pale pink throats with dark large, spicy-scented, creamy-yellow flowers
usually unscented. The leaves are narrowly flowering Division 1c lily. H to 3ft (1m). Has spots and lines; nectaries are reddish-black. with lemon-yellow throats.
ovate and arranged alternatively. There are medium-sized, slightly fragrant, dark red Z3–8 H8–1. L. ‘Connecticut King’, illus. p.390. Early
3 subdivisions: 1a) upward-facing flowers; flowers, spotted darker red, that have L. ‘Brushmarks’. Early summer- to mid-summer-flowering Division 1a lily.
1b) outward-facing flowers; 1c) pendent strongly recurved petals. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 1a lily. H 41/2ft (1.35m). H 3ft (1m). Flowers are medium-sized,
flowers. L. ‘Apollo’, illus. p.391. Summer-flowering Large, upward-facing, cup-shaped, orange upward-facing, cup-shaped and bright
Division 2 (Martagon hybrids) Division 1a lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Has downward- flowers are green-throated. Petals have yellow. Z5–8 H8–1.
Derived primarily from L. hansonii and L. facing, turkscap, pale orange flowers with deep red blotches and sometimes spots. L. ‘Corsage’. Summer-flowering Division 621
martagon, these lilies produce racemes of strongly reflexed petals. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–8 H8–1. 1b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears outward-facing,
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LILIUM
bowl-shaped flowers with recurved petals, (1.2m). Has upright, open bowl-shaped, H to 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are scattered nodding, turkscap, deep orange flowers
pink-flushed outside and pink inside with vivid-yellow flowers, strongly red-suffused and lance-shaped. Has up to 15 scented, are spotted red-brown. Z3–8 H8–1.
white centers and maroon spots. Z3–8 in throats for about half petal lengths, and nodding, turkscap, pink flowers. Petals, L. martagon (Martagon lily), illus. p.389.
H8–1. with a few red spots at base internally. Is 11/2–21/2in (4–6.5cm) long with central, Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with
L. ‘Côte d’Azur’, illus. p.389. Summer- good as a pot plant. green stripe and red-purple spots mainly stem roots. H 3–6ft (1–2m). Has lance-
flowering Division 1a lily. H 16in (40cm). L. ‘Gran Paradiso’, illus. p.391. Mid- on edges, are often mauve-flushed. shaped to oval leaves in whorls and up to
Strong stems bear deep rose-pink flowers summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 3ft Needs partial shade in warm areas. 50 scented, nodding, turkscap flowers.
with darker-spotted throats. Z3–8 H8–1. (1m). Produces medium-sized, unscented, Z3–8 H8–1. Petals are 11/4–13/4in (3–4.5cm) long and
L. ‘Cover Girl’. Summer- to early fall- bowl-shaped, red flowers with slightly L. leichtlinii, illus. p.390. Summer- pink or purple, often with darker spots.
flowering Division 7c lily. H 5–6ft recurved petals. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. Z3–7 H7–1. var. album (illus. p.388) has
(1.5–1.9m). Has very large, outward- L. hansonii, illus. p.391. Summer- H to 4ft (1.2m). Scattered leaves are linear pure white flowers.
or slightly downward-facing, soft pink flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. to narrowly lance-shaped. Produces 1–6 L. medeoloides, illus. p.390. Summer-
flowers, with white at tips of gently H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Long leaves in whorls are nodding, turkscap, yellow flowers; each flowering Division 9 lily. H to 21/2ft (75cm).
recurved petals which are centrally banded lance-shaped to oval. Has 3–12 scented, petal, 21/2–31/4in (6–8.5cm) long, has dark Has lance-shaped leaves and up to 10
deep pink and strongly red-spotted. nodding, turkscap, orange-yellow flowers. reddish-purple spots. Needs partial shade. turkscap, apricot to orange-red flowers,
L. ‘Crimson Pixie’, illus. p.391. Early Each thick petal, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) long, Z2–7 H7–1. usually with darker spots. Z3–7 H7–1.
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 16in has brown-purple spots towards base. L. ‘Limelight’, illus. p.390. Moderately L. ‘Miss Lucy’, illus. p.389. Summer-
(40cm). Has umbels of upright, open bowl- Z2–7 H7–1. robust, mid-summer-flowering Division 9 flowering Division 7 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
shaped, unspotted, deep warm red-orange L. ‘Harmony’. Summer-flowering lily. H 3–6ft (1–2m). Large, fragrant, slightly Produces highly fragrant, double, pinkish-
flowers. Is good as a pot plant. Division 1a lily. H 11/2–3ft (50cm–1m). pendent, trumpet-shaped, lime-yellow white flowers with 18 petals.
L. x dalhansonii. Variable, summer- Orange flowers are upward-facing, cup- flowers are flushed green, especially L. monadelphum, syn. L. szovitsianum,
flowering Division 9 lily. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). shaped and spotted with maroon. Z3–8 outside. Z3–8 H8–1. illus. p.390. Summer-flowering Division 9
Has unpleasant-smelling, turkscap, H8–1. L. ‘Lime Star’. Vigorous, summer- lily with stem roots. H 11/2–6ft (50cm–2m).
chestnut-brown or dark maroon flowers L. heldreichii. See L. chalcedonicum. flowering Division 7a/b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Has scattered, lance-shaped to oval leaves.
with gold spots. Z3–8 H8–1. L. henryi, illus. p.391. Late summer- Has outward-facing, bowl-shaped to Produces usually 1–5, sometimes up to 30,
L. x dalhansonii ‘Marhan’. See L. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. flat flowers, with recurving, white petals. scented, nodding, turkscap, yellow flowers,
‘Marhan’. H 3–10ft (1–3m). Has scattered, lance- Each petal is strongly banded bright usually with deep red or purple spots
L. davidii. Summer-flowering Division 9 shaped leaves. Produces 5–20, sometimes greenish-yellow and has slightly ruffled inside. Petals are 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long.
lily with stem roots. H 3–41/2ft (1–1.4m). up to 70, nodding, turkscap, orange margins. Z5–8 H8–5.
Linear leaves are scattered. Produces 5–20 flowers; petals, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) long, have L. LOLLYPOP (‘Holebibi’), syn. L. ‘Mona Lisa’, illus. p.388. Summer-
nodding, turkscap, red or reddish-orange dark spots and prominent warts towards L. ‘Lollypop’. Early summer-flowering flowering Division 7b/c lily. H 18in (45cm).
flowers; each petal is 2–3in (5–8cm) long bases. Prefers lime-rich soil. Z2–7 H7–1. Division 1a lily. H 2ft (60cm). Has upright, Has large, shallowly bowl-shaped to flat,
with dark purple spots. Z3–8 H8–1. var. L. ‘Holebibi’. See L. LOLLYPOP. open bowl-shaped, white flowers, with light reddish-purple flowers, with ivory-
willmottiae has slender, arching stems L. Imperial Crimson Group. Late the upper parts of gently recurving white margins suffused red, greenish petal
to 6ft (2m) and pendent flower stalks. summer-flowering Division 7c lily. H 5ft petals strongly suffused deep red. tips, dark red spots on lower half of each
L. ‘Destiny’. Early summer-flowering (1.5m). Large, fragrant, flattish, deep L. longiflorum (Bermuda lily, Easter lily, petal and light green throats.
Division 1a lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Flowers crimson flowers have white throats and White trumpet lily), illus. p.388. Summer- L. ‘Mont Blanc’. Summer-flowering
are medium-sized, upward-facing, cup- white-margined petals. Z5–8 H8–5. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. Division 1a lily. H 3ft (90cm). Has large,
shaped and yellow with brown spots. L. Imperial Gold Group. Summer- H 1–3ft (30cm–1m). Leaves are scattered upward-facing, creamy-white flowers,
L Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 7c lily. H 6ft (2m). Bears and lance-shaped. Produces 1–6 fragrant, spotted with brown. Z5–8 H8–5.
L. duchartrei. Summer-flowering large, fragrant, flattish, white flowers, outward-facing, funnel-shaped, white L. ‘Montreux’. Mid-summer-flowering
Division 9 lily. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Lance- spotted maroon, and with yellow stripe flowers. Each petal, 5–8in (13–20cm) long, Division 1a lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears about 8
shaped leaves are scattered up stems. Has up each petal center. Z5–8 H8–5. has slightly recurved tip. Z7–9 H9–7. medium-sized, pink flowers with darker
up to 12 fragrant, nodding, turkscap, white L. ‘Journey’s End’, illus. p.389. Late ‘White American’, H 3ft (1m), is a pink midribs; orange-pink throats are
flowers that are flushed purple outside and summer-flowering Division 7d lily. H 6ft Division 5 lily and produces white flowers spotted with brown. Z3–8 H8–1.
spotted deep purple inside. Z7–8 H8–7. (2m). Large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped, with green tips and deep yellow anthers. L. ‘Mr. Ed’. See L. ‘Ed’.
L. ‘Ed’, syn. L. ‘Mr. Ed’. Summer- to early maroon-spotted, deep pink flowers have Is often grown for cut flowers. ‘White L. ‘Muscadet’. Summer-flowering
fall-flowering Division 7 lily. H 16in (40cm). recurved petals, white at tips and edges. Heaven’ (illus. p.388), H 4ft (1.2m), is a Division 7 lily. H 3ft (1m). Large, fragrant,
Has large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped, Z5–8 H8–1. Division 5 lily with delicately scented, white flowers have pink markings and
greenish-white flowers, with the petals L. ‘Karen North’, illus. p.391. Summer- pure white flowers. maroon spots.
centrally banded pale yellow and flushed flowering Division 1c lily. H to 41/2ft (1.4m). L. ‘Luxor’. Vigorous, summer-flowering L. nanum, syn. Nomocharis nana. Late
pale red, and dark red spots on one-third Turkscap flowers are medium-sized, Division 1b lily. H 3–5ft (90cm–1.5m). spring- or summer-flowering Division 9
of each petal. downward-facing, with orange-pink petals Produces large, outward-facing, bowl- lily. H 21/2–18in (6–45cm). Scattered leaves
L. ‘Elodie’, illus. p.389. Summer-flowering sparsely spotted with deep pink. Z4–8 shaped, bright yellow flowers, slightly are linear. Bears usually nodding, broadly
Division 1a lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Semidouble, H8–1. darker yellow and speckled with dark red bell-shaped, purplish-pink flower, with
pale pink flowers have dark pink-freckled L. ‘Lady Alice’, illus. p.388. Summer- spots on lower half of each petal. petals 13/4–2in (4.5–5cm) long. Needs partial
centers. flowering Divison 8 lily. H 4ft (1.2m). L. mackliniae (Manipur lily), illus. p.389. shade. Z3–8 H8–1. var. flavidum has pale
L. ‘Enchantment’, illus. p.391. Early Pendent, turkscap flowers have recurved, Late spring- to summer-flowering Division yellow flowers.
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 3ft brown-speckled, cream petals with apricot- 9 lily with stem roots. H to 16in (40cm). L. nepalense. Summer-flowering Division
(1m). Produces medium-sized, upward- orange centers. Small, narrowly lance-shaped to narrowly 9 lily with stem roots. H 28–36in (70cm–1m).
facing, cup-shaped, orange-red flowers L. ‘Lady Bowes Lyon’, illus. p.391. oval leaves are scattered or whorled near Has scattered, lance-shaped leaves.
with black-spotted throats. Z3–8 H8–1. Summer-flowering Division 1c lily. H 3–4ft top of stem. Has 1–6 usually nodding, Produces often unpleasant-smelling,
L. ‘Eros’. Mid-summer-flowering Division (1–1.2m). Downward-facing, black-spotted, broadly bell-shaped, purplish-pink nodding, funnel-shaped, greenish-white
1c lily. H 3–31/2ft (90cm–1.1m). Has small, red flowers have reflexed petals. Z3–8 flowers; each petal is 13/4–2in (4.5–5cm) or greenish-yellow flowers, each with dark
unscented, turkscap, buff flowers. H8–1. long. Needs partial shade. Z7–8 H8–7. reddish-purple base inside and petals to
L. ‘Garden Party’. Summer-flowering L. lancifolium, syn. L. tigrinum (Tiger lily). L. maculatum, syn. L. thunbergianum. 6in (15cm) long. Z7–8 H8–7.
Division 7 lily. H 20in (50cm) Produces Summer- to early fall-flowering Division 9 Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem L. ‘Netty’s Pride’, illus. p.389. Summer-
large, fragrant, outward-facing, red- lily with stem roots. H 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m). roots. H to 2ft (60cm). Scattered leaves are flowering Division 1b lily. H 2ft (60cm).
speckled, white flowers with gold and red Has long, scattered, narrowly lance-shaped lance-shaped or oval. Has 1–6 upward- Bears dark maroon flowers with ivory-
or pink stripes in center of each petal. leaves. Produces 5–10, sometimes up to 40, facing, cup-shaped, yellow, orange or red tipped petals.
L. Golden Clarion Group. Late spring- nodding, turkscap, pink- to red-orange flowers with darker spots; each petal is L. ‘New Wave’. Early to mid-summer-
to early summer-flowering bulb. H 3–6ft flowers; each petal, 3–4in (7–10cm) long is 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 1a lily. H 2ft (60cm).
(1–2m). Produces outward-facing, trumpet- purple spotted. Z2–7 H7–1. var. L. ‘Magic Pink’. Early summer-flowering Produces large, pure white flowers with
shaped, pale to deep yellow flowers that flaviflorum has yellow flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. Division 7b lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Large scattered, maroon spots.
may be flushed with reddish-purple on Vigorous ‘Splendens’ (illus. p.391) bears flowers are pink with darker pink spots. L. ‘Nymph’, illus. p.388. Summer-
outside. Z5–7 H7–5. larger, brighter red-orange flowers. Z2–7 Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 7 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
L. Golden Splendor Group, illus. p.393. H8–1. L. ‘Marhan’, syn. L. x dalhansonii Produces large, scented, white flowers
622 L. ‘Grand Cru’, illus. p.391. Early L. lankongense, illus. p.389. Summer- ‘Marhan’. Early summer-flowering Division with deep pink stripes along center of
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 4ft flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. 2 lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Medium-sized, each petal.
LINARIA
L. ‘Olivia’, illus. p.388. Late summer- long, is yellow or green-yellow with acid soil. Z3–8 H8–1. var. album has white L. ‘Zanlophator’. See L. TRIUMPHATOR.
flowering Division 7b lily. H 21/2–3ft prominent, dark purple spots and lines. flowers and purple stems. Flowers of var. L. wigginsii. See L. pardalinum subsp.
(75cm–1m). Has medium-sized, scented, Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. carniolicum, syn. rubrum are carmine, stems are purple. wigginsii.
slightly reflexed, bowl-shaped, white L. carniolicum has red- or orange-spotted Z5–7 H10–8.
Limnanthemum nymphoides. See
flowers. flowers. Leaves may be hairless or downy. L. ‘Star Fighter’, illus. p.389. Summer-
Nymphoides peltata.
L. Olympic Group. Vigorous, summer- subsp. ponticum, syn. L. ponticum bears flowering Division 7 lily. H 20in (50cm).
flowering Division 6a lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). deep yellow flowers, densely lined and Bears spicy-scented, maroon-speckled,
Produces racemes of up to 15 large, sweetly spotted with red-brown or purple; leaves deep pinkish-purple flowers with LIMNANTHES
scented, trumpet-shaped flowers ranging are downy beneath. f. rubrum (illus. prominent, white edges. Poached-egg plant
from white, greenish-white, cream and p.391) has orange-red or dark red flowers. L. ‘Star Gazer’. Late summer-flowering LIMNANTHACEAE
yellow to pink and purple, often yellow in L. ‘Red Carpet’, illus. p.391. Early Division 7c lily. H 3ft (90cm). Large, highly
Genus of annuals, useful for rock gardens,
throats. Petals are flushed pink or purplish- summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 1ft fragrant, rich crimson flowers are spotted
containers and for edging borders. Prefers
red on outside. (30cm). Has upright umbels of open bowl- maroon, with white edges. Z3–8 H8–1.
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
L. ‘Orange Electric’, illus. p.391. shaped, unspotted, deep red flowers. Is L. ‘Sterling Star’, illus. p.388. Summer-
by seed in spring or early fall. Self-seeds
Summer-flowering Division 1a lily. good as a pot plant. flowering Division 1a lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
very freely, although easy to control.
H 4ft (1.2m). Bears white flowers with L. regale (Regal lily), illus. p.388. Summer- Has large, upward-facing, cup-shaped, white
L. douglasii, illus. p.321.
orange and yellow stripes and brown spots. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. flowers with tiny, brown spots. Z5–7 H8–1.
L. ‘Orange Pixie’, illus. p.391. Early H 20in–6ft (50cm–2m). Linear leaves are L. ‘Sumatra’, illus. p.389. Summer-
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. scattered. Produces up to 25 fragrant, flowering Division 7 lily. H 36in (90cm). LIMONIUM
H 10–12in (25–30cm). Has upright umbels outward-facing, funnel-shaped flowers. Produces large, scented, dark wine-red Sea lavender, Statice
of open bowl-shaped, deep golden- Petals, 5–6in (12–15cm) long, are white flowers with hint of white at tips of petals. PLUMBAGINACEAE
orange flowers. Is good as a pot plant. inside with yellow base and pinkish-purple L. superbum (Swamp lily, Turkscap lily),
Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
L. pardalinum (Leopard lily, Panther lily), outside. Z4–7 H8–5. ‘Royal Gold’, syn. illus. p.390. Late summer- to early fall-
perennials, sometimes grown as annuals,
illus. p.391. Summer-flowering Division 9 L. ‘Royal Gold’ (illus. p.390), H 4–5ft flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.
and subshrubs, some of which are
lily. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Long, narrowly elliptic (1.2–1.5m), is vigorous and produces H 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Lance-shaped to elliptic
evergreen. Needs full sun and well-drained
leaves are mainly in whorls. Has up to 10 clusters of large flowers, mid-yellow leaves are mainly in whorls. Bears up to 40
soil. Propagate by division in spring, by
often scented, nodding, turkscap flowers. inside and purple-brown outside. nodding, turkscap, orange flowers. Each
seed in fall or early spring or by root
Each petal, 2–31/2in (5–9cm) long, has red L. ‘Roma’, illus. p.390. Early summer- petal, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long, is green base
cuttings in winter.
upper part. Orange lower parts have flowering Division 1a lily. H 5ft (1.5m). inside and usually flushed red and spotted
L. bellidifolium, syn. L. reticulatum.
maroon spots, some of which are encircled Green buds open to cream flowers that maroon. Requires neutral to acid soil. Z4–7
Evergreen, dome-shaped perennial with
with yellow. Z5–8 H8–5. subsp. wigginsii, sometimes age to pale greenish-yellow. H8–1.
a woody base. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in
illus. p.390. H 3–4ft (90–120cm). Linear- Z3–8 H8–1. L. ‘Sweet Lord’, illus. p.389. Early to mid-
(10cm). Has basal rosettes of rounded, dark
lance-shaped, deep green leaves are L. ‘Rosemary North’, illus. p.390. Mid- summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 20in
green leaves. Much-branched flower stems
scattered and in 2–4 whorls roughly to late summer-flowering Division 1c lily. (50cm). Produces purple- red flowers.
produce masses of small, “everlasting”,
halfway up hairless stems. Produces few- H to 3ft (1m). Produces 12 or more medium- L. szovitsianum. See L. monadelphum.
trumpet-shaped, blue flowers in summer–
flowered racemes of unscented, pendent, sized, slightly fragrant, rich orange flowers L. tenuifolium. See L. pumilum.
fall. Is excellent for a rock garden. Z7–9
turkscap, deep yellow flowers, with purple that sometimes have darker spots. Z3–8 L. x testaceum (Nankeen lily). Summer-
H9–7.
spots. Needs moist acid soil, and partial or H8–1. flowering Division 9 lily. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m).
L. latifolium ‘Blue Cloud’. Clump-
dappled shade. L. ‘Rosita’, illus. p.389. Early summer- Has scattered, linear, often twisted leaves.
L. Pink Perfection Group. Summer- flowering Division 1a lily. H 21/2ft (75cm). Produces 6–12 fragrant, nodding, turkscap,
(45cm). In late summer produces diffuse
L
flowering Division 6a lily with sturdy Has umbels of upright, open bowl-shaped, light orange to brownish-yellow flowers;
clusters of bluish-mauve flowers that can
stems. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Produces large, green-centered, blush-pink flowers, with each petal, 3in (8cm) long, usually has
be dried for indoor decoration. Has large,
scented, slightly nodding, trumpet-shaped slightly recurving petals. reddish spots inside. Z3–8 H8–1.
leathery, dark green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1.
flowers, deep purplish-red or purple-pink L. rosthornii, illus. p.390. Vigorous, stem- L. thunbergianum. See L. maculatum.
L. perezii. Evergreen, rounded subshrub.
flowers, with bright orange anthers. Z3–8 rooting, clump-forming, summer-flowering L. ‘Tiger Woods’, illus. p.389. Summer- H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Has long-stalked,
H8–1. Division 9 lily. H 16–39in (40–100cm). Has flowering Division 7 lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears oval to diamond-shaped, deep green
L. ‘Pink Tiger’. Vigorous, late summer- long, scattered, lance-shaped leaves on very large, scented, white flowers with leaves. Dense clusters, 8in (20cm) wide, of
flowering Division 1b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). lower part of stem; upper stem leaves are rich crimson stripe down center of each tiny, tubular, deep mauve-blue flowers are
Produces medium-sized, unscented, much shorter and oval in shape. Produces petal surrounded by crimson spots. borne well above leaves in fall. Needs good
turkscap, pink flowers. up to 9 nodding, turkscap, orange or L. tigrinum. See L. lancifolium. ventilation if grown under glass. Z10–11
L. pomponium, illus. p.391. Slender, orange-yellow flowers. Strongly recurved, L. ‘Tom Pouce’, illus. p.389. Summer- H12–1.
stem-rooting, summer-flowering Division 9 channeled petals have green central bands flowering Division 7 lily. H 36in (90cm). L. reticulatum. See L. bellidifolium.
lily. H 3ft (1m). Green stems are spotted and purple-red, basal spots. Bears large, highly scented, pink flowers L. sinuatum (Statice). Fairly slow-
purple on lower halves. Has scattered, L. ‘Royal Gold’. See L. regale ‘Royal with pale yellow stripe down center of each growing, bushy, upright perennial, grown
linear, mid-green leaves with silver-hairy Gold’. petal and pale yellow freckles. Z5–8 H8–1. as an annual. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
margins. Produces racemes of up to 6 L. rubellum, illus. p.389. Early summer- L. TRIUMPHATOR (‘Zanlophator’), illus. Has lance-shaped, lobed, deep green leaves
(rarely up to 10) pungently scented, flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. p.388. Summer-flowering Division 6 lily. and, in summer and early fall, tiny, blue,
pendent, turkscap, sealing-wax-red H 12–32in (30–80cm). Has scattered, H 3ft (1m). Produces large, fragrant, pink or white flowers borne in clusters on
flowers, generally with black spots and narrowly oval leaves and up to 9 scented, outward-facing, white flowers with rich winged stems. H9–3. Fortress Series
streaks in throats. Prefers alkaline soil in outward-facing, broadly funnel-shaped, rose-pink centers. have small, tubular flowers in a mixture of
full sun or partial shade. Z5–8 H8–5. pink flowers with dark red spots at bases; L. tsingtauense, illus. p.391. Summer- shades such as pink, yellow or blue. Leaves
L. ponticum. See L. pyrenaicum subsp. each petal is 21/2–3in (6–8cm) long. Z4–7 flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. are often wavy-margined.
ponticum. H8–1. H 3ft (1m). Lance-shaped leaves are mainly L. suworowii. See Psylliostachys
L. pumilum, syn. L. tenuifolium. Summer- L. ‘Shuksan’. Summer-flowering Division in whorls. Produces 1–5 upward-facing, suworowii.
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. 4 lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Medium-sized, cup-shaped, orange to orange-red flowers;
H 6–36in (15cm–1m). Small, scattered leaves nodding, turkscap, yellowish-orange petals, to 2in (5cm) long are maroon
are linear. Produces usually up to 7 but flowers are flushed red at petal tips and spotted. Z3–7 H8–1.
LINARIA
occasionally up to 30 slightly scented, sparsely spotted with black. Z3–8 H8–1. L. wallichianum. Late summer- to fall- Toadflax
nodding, turkscap flowers; each petal, L. ‘Sixth Sense’. Summer-flowering flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE
11/4–11/2in (3–3.5cm) long, is scarlet with Division 1b lily. H 28in (70cm). Produces H to 6ft (2m). Long, scattered leaves are Genus of spring-, summer- or fall-
or without black, basal spots. Z3–8 H8–1. white-edged, dark burgundy-red flowers linear or lance-shaped. Bears 1–4 fragrant, flowering annuals, biennials and
L. pyrenaicum (Yellow turkscap lily), with dark purple-brown spots. outward-facing, funnel-shaped, white perennials, useful for rock gardens and
illus. p.390. Late spring to early summer- L. speciosum. Late summer-flowering or cream flowers that are green or yellow borders. Prefers sun or partial shade and
flowering Division 9 lily, often with stem Division 9 lily with stem roots. H 3–51/2ft towards bases. Each petal is 6–12in well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
roots. H 1–41/2ft (30cm–1.35m). Has (1–1.7m). Has long, scattered, broadly (15–30cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. fall or spring. Self-seeds freely.
scattered, linear to narrowly elliptic, lance-shaped leaves. Produces up to 12 L. ‘White Heaven’, illus p.388. Summer- L. alpina (Alpine toadflax). Tuft-forming,
hairless leaves. Produces up to 12 scented, nodding, turkscap, white or pink flowering Division 5 lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears compact, annual, biennial or short-lived
unpleasant-smelling, nodding, turkscap flowers; each petal, to 4in (10cm) long, has fragrant, long, trumpet-shaped, pure white perennial with a sparse root system. H 6in 623
flowers. Each petal, 11/2–21/2in (4–6.5cm) pink or crimson spots. Requires neutral to flowers. (15cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has whorls of
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LINDERA
linear to lance-shaped, fleshy, gray-green cuttings in mid-summer or by seed in fall.

leaves. A succession of snapdragon-like, LINUM LIRIODENDRON L. diffusa, syn. Lithospermum diffusum.
yellow-centered, purple-violet flowers is Flax Tulip tree ‘Grace Ward’ is an evergreen, compact,
borne in loose racemes in summer. Z4–9 LINACEAE MAGNOLIACEAE semiprostrate shrub. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
H9–1. S to 12in (30cm). Trailing stems bear lance-
L. dalmatica (Dalmation toadflax). Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials, Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
shaped, hairy, dull green leaves. In early
Upright perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft subshrubs and shrubs, some of which are foliage and flowers in summer. Flowers are
summer produces masses of funnel-
(60cm). Is similar to L. genistifolia, but has evergreen or semievergreen, grown for almost hidden by unusual leaves and are
shaped, deep blue flowers in terminal
much larger, golden-yellow flowers and their flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens. not produced on young trees. Requires
clusters. Needs acid soil. Trim back plants
broader, more glaucous leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. Prefers sun and rich, well-drained, peaty sun or partial shade and deep, fertile, well-
after flowering. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Heavenly
L. genistifolia. Upright perennial. H 2–4ft soil. Propagate subshrubs and shrubs by drained, preferably slightly acid, soil.
Blue’, illus. p.343.
(60cm–1.2m), S 9in (23cm). From mid- semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed Propagate species from seed in fall, and
L. oleifolia, syn. Lithospermum oleifolium,
summer to fall produces racemes of small, in fall, annuals, biennials and perennials selected forms by budding in late summer.
illus. p.342.
snapdragon-like, orange-marked, yellow by seed in fall. L. chinense (Chinese tulip tree). Fast-
L. zahnii, syn. Lithospermum zahnii.
flowers. Lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green L. arboreum, illus. p.344. growing, deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft
Evergreen, much-branched, upright
leaves clasp the stems. Z5–8 H8–5. L. flavum (Golden flax, Yellow flax). Bushy (25m), S 40ft (12m). Bears large, deep green
shrub. H and S 12in (30cm) or more. Stems
L. maroccana ‘Fairy Lights’. Fast- perennial with a woody rootstock. H 12in leaves, cut off at tips and with deep lobe
are covered in oval, hairy, dark green or
growing, erect, bushy annual. H 8in (20cm), (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has narrowly oval, on each side; leaves become yellow in fall.
grayish-green leaves. Funnel-shaped,
S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, pale green green leaves and, in summer, upward-facing, Cup-shaped, orange-based, greenish-white
leaves. Tiny, snapdragon-like flowers, in azure-blue flowers, with spreading lobes,
funnel-shaped, yellow flowers in terminal flowers are borne in mid-summer. Z4–9
shades of red, pink, purple, yellow or white, open in succession from early spring
clusters. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Compactum’, illus. H9–2.
are borne throughout summer. H9–1. to mid-summer. Sets buds and flowers
p.372. L. tulipifera (Tulip tree), illus. p.60.
L. purpurea. Upright perennial. H 2–3ft intermittently until mid-fall. Prefers
L. ‘Gemmell’s Hybrid’. Semievergreen, ‘Aureomarginatum’, illus. p.65.
(60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm). From mid- to late alkaline soil. Z8–10 H10–8.
domed perennial with a woody rootstock.
summer, racemes of snapdragon-like, H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves are oval
purplish-blue flowers, touched with white LIRIOPE LITHOPHRAGMA
and gray-green. In summer, short-stalked,
at throats, are produced above narrowly Lilyturf
broadly funnel-shaped, bright chrome- Woodland star
oval, gray-green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Canon LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
yellow flowers are produced in terminal SAXIFRAGACEAE
J. Went’, illus. p.232.
clusters. Prefers alkaline soil. Z6–9 H9–5. Genus of evergreen perennials with
L. triornithophora, illus. p.239. Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
L. grandiflorum ‘Rubrum’, illus. p.308. swollen, fleshy rhizomes. Some are grown
their campion-like flowers. Is dormant in
L. narbonense. Clump-forming, short- as groundcover. Requires sun and well-
LINDERA lived perennial, best renewed frequently drained soil. Propagate by division in
summer. Tolerates all but deepest shade
and prefers rich, moist soil. Propagate by
LAURACEAE from seed. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in spring or by seed in fall.
seed or division in spring or fall.
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish-green L. graminifolia var. densiflora. See
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs L. parviflorum, illus. p.332.
leaves and heads of somewhat cup-shaped, L. muscari.
and trees, grown for their foliage, which
pale to deep blue flowers in spring– L. muscari, syn. L. graminifolia var.
is often aromatic, and their fall color. Fruits
are produced on female plants if male
summer. Z7–9 H9–7. densiflora, L. platyphylla, illus. p.280. LITHOPS
L. perenne, illus. p.342. ‘Majestic’ is an evergreen, spreading, Living stones, Stone plant
plants are also grown. Needs partial shade
L. salsoloides. See L. suffruticosum rhizomatous perennial. H 12in (30cm), AIZOACEAE
and moist, acid soil. Propagate by softwood
subsp. salsoloides. S 18in (45cm). In late fall produces spikes
L cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
L. suffruticosum subsp. salsoloides, of thickly clustered, rounded-bell-shaped,
Genus of prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial
L. benzoin, illus. p.127. succulents, grown for their almost united
syn. L. salsoloides. Perennial with spreading, violet flowers among linear, glossy, green
L. obtusiloba (Japanese spicebush). pairs of swollen, erect leaves that are
sometimes woody-based stems. H 2–8in leaves. Z6–10 H12–1.
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). separated on upper surface by a fissure
(5–20cm), S 3in (8cm). Slender stems L. platyphylla. See L. muscari.
Has 3-lobed, aromatic, glossy, dark green from which a solitary, daisylike flower
produce fine, heather-like, gray-green leaves L. spicata. Evergreen, spreading,
leaves, becoming butter-yellow in fall. emerges. Each pair of old leaves splits and
and, in summer, a succession of short-lived, rhizomatous perennial. H 12in (30cm),
Clusters of small, star-shaped, deep yellow dries away to papery skin in spring to
saucer-shaped, pearl-white flowers, flushed S 12–16in (30–40cm). Grasslike, glossy,
flowers, borne on bare shoots from early reveal a pair of new leaves growing at
blue or pink, in terminal clusters. Z5–8 H8–5. dark green leaves make good groundcover.
to mid-spring, are followed by small, right angles to old ones. Slowly forms
Produces spikes of rounded-bell-shaped,
spherical, black fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. Lippia citriodora. See Aloysia triphylla. clumps after 3–5 years. Needs full sun
pale lavender flowers in late summer.
Z6–11 H12–1. and extremely well-drained soil or gritty
LINDHEIMERA LIQUIDAMBAR compost. Water regularly in growing
Lisianthus russellianus. See Eustoma season (mid-summer to early fall), not at
Star daisy Sweetgum
grandiflorum. all in winter. Propagate by seed in spring
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE HAMAMELIDACEAE/ALTINGIACEAE or summer.
Genus of late summer- and early fall- L. aucampiae. Egg-shaped, perennial
Genus of deciduous trees, with LITHOCARPUS
flowering annuals. Needs sun and fertile, inconspicuous flowers, grown for their succulent. H 1/2in (1cm), S 11/4in (3cm). Pairs
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown maple-like foliage and fall color. Requires FAGACEAE of brown leaves have flat, upper surfaces
under glass in early spring or outdoors in sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their bearing darker marks. Produces solitary,
late spring. well-drained soil; grows poorly on shallow, foliage. Needs sun or partial shade and yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
L. texana (Star daisy). Moderately fast- chalky soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings prefers well-drained, neutral to acid soil. Z12–15 H12–10.
growing, erect, branching annual. in summer or by seed in fall. Shelter from strong winds. Propagate by L. ‘Bella’. See L. karasmontana subsp.
H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has L. formosana, syn. L. monticola. seed, when ripe, in fall. bella.
hairy stems and oval, serrated, hairy leaves. Deciduous, broadly conical tree. H 40ft L. densiflorus (Tanbark oak). Evergreen, L. bromfieldii. Egg-shaped, perennial
Daisylike, yellow flower heads are produced (12m), S 30ft (10m). Has large, 3-lobed, spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has succulent. H 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm), S 3/4in (2cm).
in late summer and early fall. H12–7. toothed leaves, purple when young, dark sweet chestnut-like, leathery, glossy, dark Slightly convex, upper surfaces of paired,
green in summer and turning orange, red green leaves and upright, pale yellow brown leaves have dark green windows
flower spikes borne in spring and often
LINNAEA and purple in fall. Z7–9 H9–7. and red dots and lines. Produces solitary,
L. monticola. See L. formosana. again in fall. Z8–10 H10–8. yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
Twinflower
L. orientalis (Oriental sweetgum). Slow- L. henryi, illus. p.93. L. dorotheae, illus. p.491.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE growing, deciduous, bushy tree. H 20ft L. fulleri. Egg-shaped, perennial
Genus of one species of evergreen, (6m), S 12ft (4m). Small, 5-lobed, mid-green succulent. H and S 3/4in (2cm). Pairs of
LITHODORA
creeping, summer-flowering, subshrubby leaves turn vivid orange in fall. Z7–9 H9–7. leaves are dove-gray to brown-yellow.
perennial that makes an extensive, twiggy L. styraciflua (Sweet gum), illus. p.65. BORAGINACEAE Convex, upper surfaces have sunken,
mat. Is useful as groundcover on peat beds ‘Lane Roberts’ is a deciduous, broadly Genus of evergreen subshrubs and shrubs, darker marks. In late summer or early
and rock gardens. Requires partial shade conical to spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), grown for their flowers. Is excellent in rock fall bears solitary, white flower. Z12–15
and moist, peaty, acid soil. Propagate by S 40ft (12m). Shoots usually have corky gardens. Needs full sun and moist, well- H12–10.
rooted runners in spring, by softwood ridges. Glossy, green leaves, each with 5 drained soil; some species are limestone L. hookeri. See L. turbiniformis.
624 cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. lobes, turn deep reddish-purple in fall. Z6–9 haters and require acid conditions. Resents L. julii. Egg-shaped, perennial succulent.
L. borealis, illus. p.363. H9–6. root disturbance. Propagate by semiripe H 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm), S 2in (5cm). Has paired,
LONICERA
pearl- to pink-gray leaves, each with a less than 73°F (23°C). Red spider mite may Series ‘Waterfall Light Lavender’, Propagate by seed in spring or by
slightly convex, darker-marked, upper be a nuisance on container plants. illus. p.311. softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
surface. In late summer or fall produces L. australis (Australian fan palm, Cabbage L. fulgens. See L. cardinalis. L. procumbens, illus. p.364.
solitary, white flower. Z12–15 H12–10. palm). Slow-growing, evergreen palm with L. x gerardii ‘Vedrariensis’. See
L. karasmontana, illus. p.481. subsp. a fairly slender trunk. H 50–70ft (15–20m), L. x speciosa ‘Vedrariensis’.
bella, syn. L. ‘Bella’ is an egg-shaped, S 10–20ft (3–6m). Has fan-shaped leaves, L. pedunculata, syn. Pratia pendunculata.
LOMATIA
perennial succulent. H 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm), 4–8ft (1.2–2.5m) wide, divided into narrow, ‘County Park’ is a vigorous, evergreen, PROTEACEAE
S 5⁄8in (1.5cm). Has pairs of brown to slender-pointed, glossy, green leaflets. Leaf creeping perennial. H 1/2in (1cm), Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
brown-yellow leaves with darker marks on stalks are spiny. Z11–10 H12–10. S indefinite. Has small, rounded to oval grown for their foliage and flowers, which
convex, upper surfaces. Produces solitary, L. chinensis, illus. p.451. leaves and, in summer, a profusion of star- have 4 narrow, twisted petals. Often best
white flower in late summer or early fall. shaped, rich violet-blue flowers. Makes in a cool greenhouse. Requires sun or
Z12–15 H12–10. good groundcover.
L. lesliei. Egg-shaped, perennial
LLOYDIA L. siphilitica, illus. p.441.
partial shade and moist but well-drained,
acid soil. Propagate by softwood or
succulent. H 1⁄2in (1cm), S 3⁄4in (2cm). Is LILIACEAE L. x speciosa ‘Vedrariensis’, syn. semiripe cuttings in summer.
similar to L. aucampiae, but upper leaf Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, L. x gerardii ‘Vedrariensis’, L. ‘Vedrariensis’. L. ferruginea. Evergreen, upright shrub
surfaces are convex. Z12–15 H12–10. var. grown for their small, graceful, bell-shaped Clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Sturdy,
albinica, illus. p.491. flowers. Is not easy to grow. Requires (30cm). In late summer produces racemes brown-felted shoots bear oblong to oval,
L. marmorata, illus. p.489. partial shade and well-drained, peaty soil; of 2-lipped, purple flowers. Has lance- dark green leaves, deeply cut into 6–15
L. olivacea. Egg-shaped, perennial provide plenty of moisture in summer shaped, dark green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. oblong lobes. Racemes of yellow-and-red
succulent. H and S 3/4in (2cm). Paired, dark but, preferably, keep fairly dry in winter. L. splendens. See L. cardinalis. flowers are borne in mid-summer. Thrives
olive-green leaves have darker windows on Propagate by seed in spring. L. tupa. Clump-forming perennial. H 5–6ft outside only in mild, moist areas. Z11
convex, upper surfaces. Yellow flower is L. graeca. See Gagea graeca. (1.5–2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears large spikes of H12–8.
borne in late summer or early fall. Z12–15 L. serotina (Alp lily). Early summer- 2-lipped, vivid brick-red flowers, in late L. silaifolia, illus. p.151.
H12–10. flowering bulb. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in summer, above narrowly oval, hairy, light
L. otzeniana. Egg-shaped, perennial (2.5–5cm). Has wiry stems bearing green leaves. Performs best in a sheltered,
succulent. H 11/4in (3cm), S 3/4in (2cm). scattered, threadlike, semierect leaves near sunny site with well-drained soil. Z8–10 LONICERA
Paired, gray-violet leaves each have a H10–8. Honeysuckle
stem base. Bears 1 or 2 bell-shaped, white
convex, upper surface with a light border flowers, 1/2–5/8in (1–1.5cm) long, with purple L. ‘Vedrariensis’. See L. x speciosa CAPRIFOLIACEAE
and large, semitranslucent windows. In late or purple-red veins. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Vedrariensis’. Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
summer or early fall bears solitary, yellow L. ‘Will Scarlet’. Clump-forming evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed,
flower. Z12–15 H12–10. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Racemes
L. pseudotruncatella. Egg-shaped, LOBELIA of 2-lipped, bright red flowers are borne in
twining climbers, grown mainly for their
flowers, which are often fragrant. Flowers
perennial succulent. H 11⁄4 (3cm), S 11⁄2in CAMPANULACEAE summer. Lance-shaped leaves are coppery- are tubular, with spreading, 2-lipped petal
(4cm). Bears pairs of pale gray or blue to Genus of annuals, perennials and green. Z4–8 H8–1.
lobes. Climbers may be trained into large
lilac leaves with darker marks on convex, deciduous or evergreen shrubs, grown Lobivia aurea. See Echinopsis aurea. shrubs. Needs sun or partial shade and
upper surfaces. Fissure reaches from side
for their flowers. Some are suitable for wild Lobivia backebergii. See Echinopsis fertile, well-drained soil. Prune out
to side only on mature plants. Has solitary,
gardens or by the waterside. Prefers sun backebergii. flowered wood of climbers after flowering.
yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
and moist but well-drained soil. Resents Lobivia cinnabarina. See Echinopsis Prune shrubs only to remove dead shoots
Z12–15 H12–10. subsp. dendritica, illus.
wet conditions in winter; in cold areas, cinnabarina. or restrain growth. Propagate by seed in
p.495.
L. schwantesii, illus. p.495.
some perennials and shrubs are therefore Lobivia cylindrica. See Echinopsis aurea. fall or spring, by semiripe cuttings in L
best lifted in fall and placed in well-drained Lobivia haageana. See Echinopsis summer or by hardwood cuttings in late
L. turbiniformis, syn. L. hookeri. Egg-
compost in frames. Propagate annuals by marsoneri. fall. Aphids may be a problem. T The
shaped, perennial succulent. H 11/2in (4cm),
seed in spring, perennial species by seed Lobivia pentlandii. See Echinopsis berries may cause mild stomach upset if
S 3/4in (2cm). Has a flattish, upper surface
or division in spring, perennial cultivars pentlandii. ingested. See also feature panel p.207.
with, usually, sunken, dark brown marks on
by division only, and shrubs by semiripe Lobivia pygmaea. See Rebutia pygmaea. L. x americana, syn. L. x italica, illus.
paired, brown leaves. Has solitary, yellow
cuttings in summer. T Contact with the Lobivia silvestrii. See Echinopsis p.206.
flower in late summer or early fall. Z12–15
milky sap of some species may irritate skin. chamaecereus. L. x brownii (Scarlet trumpet
H12–10.
L. angulata, syn. Pratia angulata. honeysuckle). Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Dropmore
Lithospermum diffusum. See Evergreen, creeping perennial. H 1/2in Scarlet’ is a deciduous, woody-stemmed,
Lithodora diffusa. (1cm), S indefinite. Bears small, broadly
LOBULARIA twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). Has oval,
oval, dark green leaves. Star-shaped, white Sweet alyssum blue-green leaves. Small, fragrant, red
Lithospermum oleifolium. See
Lithodora oleifolia. flowers, with 5 unevenly spaced petals, are CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE flowers, with orange throats, are borne
Lithospermum zahnii. See Lithodora borne in leaf axils in late spring and are Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering throughout summer.
zahnii. followed by globose, purplish-red fruits annuals. Is ideal for containers and edging. L. etrusca (Etruscan honeysuckle).
Litsea glauca. See Neolitsea sericea. in fall. Z6–10 H10–6. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Deciduous or semievergreen, woody-
L. cardinalis, syn. L. fulgens, L. splendens, Deadhead to encourage continuous stemmed, twining climber. H to 12ft (4m).
illus. p.439. ‘Queen Victoria’, illus. p.248. Oval, mid-green leaves are blue-green
LITTONIA L. ‘Cherry Ripe’, illus. p.439.
flowering. Propagate by seed sown under
beneath, the upper ones united into cups.
glass in spring, or outdoors in late spring.
COLCHICACEAE L. ‘Dark Crusader’. Clump-forming May self-seed. Fragrant, long-tubed, pale yellow flowers,
Genus of deciduous, perennial, scandent, perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 9in (23cm). From L. Maritima, syn. Alyssum maritimum borne in summer–fall, turn deeper yellow
tuberous climbers, grown for their mid- to late summer bears racemes of (Sweet alyssum). Fast-growing, spreading and become red-flushed with age. Needs
pendent, bell-shaped flowers in summer. 2-lipped, dark red flowers above lance- annual. H 3–6in (8–15cm), S 8–12in sun. ‘Michael Rosse’ (illus. p.207) has
Requires full sun and rich, well-drained shaped, fresh green or red-bronze leaves. (20–30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish- glaucous leaves and pale yellow flowers
soil. Provide support. Dies down in winter; Z4–8 H8–1. green leaves. Rounded heads of tiny, that deepen in color as they mature. Z7–9
lift and dry off tubers and store in a frost- L. erinus. ‘Blue Ball’, illus. p.315. ‘Blue scented, 4-petaled, white flowers are H9–4. ‘Superba’ (illus. p.207) is very
free place. Propagate by seed in spring; Cascade’ Slow-growing, pendulous, produced in summer and early fall. Z10–11 vigorous and has red-flushed young shoots
tubers sometimes will divide naturally. spreading annual, occasionally perennial. H12–1. ‘Carpet of Snow’, H to 4in (10cm), and bright red and white flowers that turn
L. modesta, illus. p.395. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Oval is a ground-hugging, loosely branched and orange-yellow as they age. Z7–9 H9–4.
to lance-shaped leaves are pale green. has white flowers. ‘Rosie O’Day’, illus. L. fragrantissima (Winter honeysuckle).
Small, 2-lipped, pale blue flowers are p.304. ‘Snow Crystals’, illus. p.298. Deciduous or semievergreen, bushy,
LIVISTONA produced continuously in summer and spreading shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m).
ARECACEAE early fall. ‘Cambridge Blue’ is compact Bears oval, dark green leaves. Fragrant,
and has blue flowers. ‘Colour Cascade’
LOISELEURIA short-tubed, creamy-white flowers are
Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
Alpine azalea, Trailing azalea
their overall appearance. Has clusters of has flowers in a mixture of colors, such as produced in winter and early spring. Z4–8
insignificant flowers in summer. Needs full blue, red, pink, mauve or white. ‘Crystal ERICACEAE H8–3.
light or partial shade and fertile, well- Palace’, illus. p.315. ‘Red Cascade’ Genus of one species of evergreen, L. ‘Gold Flame’. See L. x heckrottii ‘Gold
drained soil, ideally neutral to acid. Water produces white-eyed, purple-red flowers. creeping, prostrate shrub, grown for its Flame’.
container specimens moderately, less in ‘Sapphire’, illus. p.314. Waterfall Series flowers. Requires full light and rich, well- L. x heckrottii. Deciduous or 625
winter. Propagate by seed in spring at not ‘Waterfall Blue’, illus. p.314; Waterfall drained, acid soil. Is difficult to grow. semievergreen, twining climber. H 15ft
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LONICERA
(5m). Oval, dark green leaves are blue- white inside. ‘Sweet Sue’ bears very drained soil. Is very prone to rotting,
green beneath, the upper pairs united. fragrant, creamy-white flowers that mature so water lightly from spring to fall. LUCULIA
Bears terminal whorls of fragrant, pink to yellow. Propagate by seed in spring or summer. RUBIACEAE
flowers, orange-yellow inside, in summer, L. pileata, illus. p.167. L. echinata. See L. williamsii.
sometimes followed by red berries. Z6–9 L. x purpusii, illus. p.163. ‘Winter L. lutea. See L. williamsii.
flowers and foliage. Needs full light or
H9–6. ‘Gold Flame’, syn. L. ‘Gold Flame’ Beauty’ is a semievergreen, bushy, dense L. williamsii, syn. L. echinata, L. lutea,
is deciduous, and requires support. Has shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m). Has red- illus. p.492.
Water container specimens freely when
oblong or oval leaves, bluish beneath, purple shoots and oval, dark green leaves.
in full growth, moderately at other times.
upper ones joined into shallow cups. Freely bears very fragrant, white flowers
Produces orange-throated, pink flowers. on bare, leafless stems in winter and early
LOPHOSPERMUM Cut back flowered stems hard in spring,
if container-grown. Propagate by seed in
L. henryi, illus. p.207. Evergreen or spring. Z7–9 H9–7. SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
semievergreen, woody-stemmed, twining L. sempervirens (Coral honeysuckle, Genus of deciduous and evergreen, L. grandifolia. Evergreen, rounded to
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Narrowly oval, Trumpet honeysuckle), illus. p.207. perennial climbers and shrubs, grown for upright, robust shrub. H and S 10–20ft
dark green leaves are paler beneath. Evergreen or deciduous, woody-stemmed, their tubular to funnel-shaped flowers and (3–6m). Oval, green leaves have red veins
Terminal clusters of long-tubed, red-purple twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). Has oval triangular to rounded leaves. Needs sun and stalks. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers,
flowers are produced in summer–fall, leaves, upper ones united and saucer-like, and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate 21/2in (6cm) long, with 5 rounded petal
followed by black berries. Z3–8 H8–1. and salmon-red to orange flowers, yellow by seed in spring or semiripe cuttings in lobes, are borne in terminal clusters in
L. hildebrandiana (Giant Burmese inside, in whorls on shoot tips in summer.
late summer. summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
honeysuckle). Evergreen or semievergreen, Z4–9 H9–1.
L. erubescens, syn. Asarina erubescens,
woody-stemmed, twining climber. H to 70ft L. standishii. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
Maurandya erubescens, illus. p.460.
(20m). Oval or rounded, mid-green leaves H and S 6ft (2m). Has peeling bark, oblong, LUETKEA
are paler beneath. Long-tubed, white or bristly, dark green leaves and, in winter, ROSACEAE
cream flowers, aging to creamy-orange or fragrant, short-tubed, creamy-white LOPHOSTEMON
Genus of one species of deciduous subshrub,
brownish-yellow, are produced in pairs in flowers. Z5–8 H8–4. MYRTACEAE grown for its fluffy flower heads. Is suitable
leaf axils or at shoot tips in summer. Needs L. tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle), illus.
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, for banks and rock gardens. Requires shade
full sun. Z6–8 H8–6. p.133. ‘Hack’s Red’ is a deciduous, bushy
grown for their overall appearance when and well-drained but not too dry soil.
L. x italica of gardens. See L. x americana. shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Produces short-
mature and for shade. Is related to Tristania Propagate by division or seed in spring.
L. japonica (Japanese honeysuckle). tubed, deep pink flowers in late spring and
and Eucalyptus. Needs sun or partial shade L. pectinata. Deciduous, spreading,
Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen, early summer, followed by spherical, red
and fertile, well-drained soil. Other than decumbent subshrub. H to 12in (30cm),
twining climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has soft- fruits. Leaves are oval and dark green.
shaping plants in winter, pruning is seldom S 8in (20cm). Stems are clothed in finely
hairy, woody stems and ovate, sometimes Z3–9 H9–1.
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or dissected, very dark green leaves. In
lobed, dark green leaves. In summer and L. x tellmanniana. Deciduous, woody-
by semiripe cuttings in summer. summer has terminal racemes of small,
early fall produces fragrant, long-tubed, stemmed, twining climber. H to 15ft (5m).
L. confertus, syn. Tristania conferta fluffy, off-white flower heads.
2-lipped, white flowers that turn yellow as Has oval leaves; the upper ones are joined
and resemble saucers. Bright yellow-orange (Brush box). Fast-growing, evergreen,
they mature. Is ideal for hiding an unsightly
fence, shed or wall and also good as flowers are produced in clusters from late round-headed tree. H and S 50–130ft LUMA
spring to mid-summer. Z7–9 H9–7. (15–40m). Produces lance-shaped, leathery,
groundcover although requires control MYRTACEAE
L. tragophylla. Deciduous, woody- lustrous leaves. In spring bears white
if space is limited. ‘Aureoreticulata’ (illus. Genus of evergreen shrubs and small trees,
stemmed, twining climber. H 15–20ft flowers with prominent, feathery stamen
p.207) has bright green leaves with bright grown for their aromatic leaves and cup-
L yellow veining. Z4–10 H10–1. ‘Halliana’ (5–6m). Oval leaves are bluish-green, the
uppermost pair united into a cup. Produces
bundles. ‘Perth Gold’ has bright green
leaves strongly variegated yellow. shaped, white flowers. Needs sun or partial
has very fragrant, white flowers, aging to shade and fertile, ideally rich, well-drained
clusters of up to 20 long-tubed, bright
pale yellow. Z4–11 H12–1. soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
L. ledebourii, illus. p.136.
yellow flowers in early summer. Z6–9 H9–6. LOROPETALUM semiripe cuttings in late summer. See also
L. x xylosteoides ‘Clavey’s Dwarf’.
L. maackii (Amur honeysuckle). Vigorous, HAMAMELIDACEAE feature panel p.78.
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 6ft (2m),
deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). L. apiculata, syn. Myrceugenia apiculata,
S 3ft (1m). Leaves are oval and gray-green. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
Leaves are oval and dark green. Fragrant, Myrtus apiculata, Amomyrtus luma,
Bears short-tubed, pink flowers in late flowers. Requires full light or partial shade
short-tubed, white, later yellow flowers, Myrtus luma, illus. p.78. Strong-growing,
spring, then spherical, red fruits. Z4–9 H9–1. and rich, well-drained, neutral to acid soil.
in early summer, are followed by spherical, evergreen shrub. H and S 30–50ft (10–15m).
L. xylosteum, illus. p.131. Water container plants freely when in full
bright red fruits. Z2–8 H9–4. Has peeling, golden-brown and gray-white
growth, moderately at other times.
L. morrowii. Deciduous, spreading shrub Lophocereus schottii. See Pachycereus bark and cup-shaped, white flowers amid
with arching branches. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft Propagate by layering or seed in spring or
schottii. broadly elliptic, aromatic, glossy, dark
(3m). Has oval, dark green leaves and, in by semiripe cuttings in late summer.
green leaves from mid-summer to mid-fall.
late spring and early summer, small, short- L. chinense. Evergreen, rounded, well-
Z9–11 H11–10. ‘Glanleam Gold’, H and
tubed, creamy-white flowers that age to
LOPHOMYRTUS branched shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
S 30ft (10m), has sturdy stems, peeling,
yellow. Z4–9 H9–4. MYRTACEAE Asymmetrically oval leaves are deep green.
brown-and-white bark and bright green
L. nitida (Boxleaf honeysuckle). White flowers, each with 4 strap-shaped
Genus of evergreen shrubs or small trees, leaves edged with creamy-yellow. Z9–10
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 6ft (2m), petals, are borne in tufted, terminal
grown for their flowers, foliage and fruit. H10–9.
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are small, oval, glossy clusters, mainly in winter–spring. Z8–9
Needs partial shade and fertile, rich, moist L. chequen, syn. Myrtus chequen. Strong-
and dark green. Tiny, fragrant, short-tubed, H9–8.
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed growing, evergreen, upright shrub or small
creamy-white flowers, in late spring, are sown as soon as ripe or by semiripe tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has broadly
followed by small, spherical, purple fruits. cuttings in summer. LOTUS ovate, wavy-margined, aromatic, dark
Is good for hedging. Z6–9 H9–5. L. bullata, syn. Myrtus bullata. Evergreen, green leaves. In late summer and early fall
‘Baggesen’s Gold’, illus. p.167. ‘Yunnan’ upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). bears cup-shaped, white flowers singly or
is more upright, has sturdier shoots and Rounded, puckered leaves, bronze-purple Genus of summer-flowering perennials, in small clusters followed by black berries.
larger leaves and flowers more freely. when young, mature to glossy dark green. some of which are semievergreen, and Z9–10 H10–9.
L. periclymenum (Common honeysuckle, Produces saucer-shaped, white flowers in evergreen subshrubs, grown for their
Woodbine). Vigorous, deciduous, twining late spring and early summer, then egg- foliage and flowers. Prefers sun and well-
or scrambling climber. H 20–22ft (6–7m). shaped, black-red fruits. Z10–15 H 12–10. drained soil. Propagate by softwood
LUNARIA
cuttings from early to mid-summer or Honesty
Has ovate to oblong, mid-green leaves,
grayish-green beneath. From early summer by seed in fall or spring. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSIACEAE
to early fall produces terminal clusters of
LOPHOPHORA L. berthelotii (Coral gem), illus. p.306. Genus of biennials and perennials, grown
Peyote L. hirsutus syn. Dorycnium hirsutum
very fragrant, long-tubed, 2-lipped, purple- for their flowers and silvery seed pods.
red and/or yellow flowers, with creamy- CACTACEAE (Hairy canary clover). Deciduous, upright Prefers partial shade and well-drained soil.
white to white insides. Z5–9 H9–5. Genus of very slow-growing, perennial subshrub. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears Propagate perennials by seed in fall or
‘Graham Thomas’ has mid-green leaves cacti that resemble small, blue dumplings, silvery-gray leaves divided into 3 oval spring or by division in spring, biennials
that are bluish beneath and white flowers, with up to 10 ribs, each separated by an leaflets. Dense clusters of pealike, pink- by seed only. Self-seeds prolifically.
which age to yellow. ‘Red Gables’ (illus. indented line. Has long tap roots. tinged, white flowers in summer and early L. annua , syn. L. biennis, illus. p.310.
626 p.207) ‘Serotina’ (Late Dutch honeysuckle, Flowering areoles each produce tufts of fall are followed by oblong to ovoid, ‘Variegata’, illus. p.306.
illus. p.207, has rich red-purple flowers, short, white hairs. Needs sun and well- reddish-brown seed pods. Z6–9 H9–6. L. biennis. See L. annua.
LYSIMACHIA
L. rediviva (Perennial honesty). Rosette- illus. p.288. ‘Marginata’, syn. L. sylvatica their colored or variegated foliage. Is good regularly. Propagate by division in spring
forming perennial. H 24–30in (60–75cm), ‘Aureomarginata’ is a slow-growing, in containers for summer bedding and in or by fresh spores in summer.
S 12in (30cm). Produces racemes of evergreen, spreading, rhizomatous, borders. Needs sun and moist but well- L. japonicum (Japanese climbing fern).
4-petaled, lilac or white flowers in spring, perennial grass. H to 12in (30cm), drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil. Deciduous, climbing fern. H 6ft (2m),
followed by elliptical, silvery seed pods that S indefinite. Produces thick tufts of broad, Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe S indefinite. Mid-green, vegetative fronds
are useful for indoor decoration. Has oval, hairy-edged, mid-green leaves, with white cuttings in summer or early fall. consist of delicate, finger-shaped pinnae;
coarse, often maroon-tinted, mid-green margins. Leafy stems bear terminal, open, L. rantonnetii, syn. Solanum rantonnei, fertile fronds are broader and 3–5 lobed,
leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. brown flower spikes in summer. Tolerates Solanum rantonnetii (Blue potato bush). with a longer, terminal lobe. Z10–11 H12–9.
shade; is suitable for a woodland garden. ‘Royal Robe’, illus. p.310.
Z4–9 H9–4.
LUPINUS LYONIA
Lupine LYCIUM ERICACEAE
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE LYCASTE SOLANACEAE Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
Genus of annuals, perennials and ORCHIDACEAE Genus of deciduous shrubs, sometimes evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
semievergreen shrubs, grown for their See also ORCHIDS. with long, scandent branches, grown for their racemes of urn-shaped flowers.
large, imposing racemes of pealike flowers. L. cruenta, illus. p.467. Vigorous, their habit, flowers and fruits. Is useful for Needs full or partial shade and moist,
Prefers sun and well-drained soil. Remove deciduous, epiphytic orchid for a cool poor, dry soil and coastal gardens. May be peaty, acid soil. Propagate by semiripe
seed heads of most varieties to prevent self- greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). Fragrant, grown as a hedge. Prefers full sun and not cuttings in summer.
seeding. Propagate species by seed when triangular, green-and-yellow flowers, too rich, well-drained soil. Remove dead L. ligustrina. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
fresh in fall; selected forms by cuttings 2in (5cm) across, are produced singly in wood in winter and cut back to restrict H and S 6ft (2m). Oval, dark green leaves
from non-flowering sideshoots in spring spring. Has broadly oval, ribbed, soft growth if necessary. Cut back hedges hard set off dense racemes of white flowers from
or early summer. Aphids can be a problem. leaves, to 12in (30cm) long. Grow in in spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings mid- to late summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
T The seeds may cause severe discomfort partial shade in summer and avoid in summer, by seed in fall or by hardwood L. ovalifolia. Deciduous or semievergreen,
if ingested. spraying, which can mark leaves. H11–6. cuttings in winter. bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces
L. arboreus, illus. p.159. L. barbarum, syn. L. halimifolium red shoots and oval, dark green leaves.
L. Band of Nobles Series. Clump- (Chinese box thorn). Deciduous, arching, Racemes of white flowers are borne in late
forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft
LYCHNIS often spiny shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). spring and early summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
Campion, Catchfly
(75cm). In early and mid-summer, racemes Funnel-shaped, purple or pink flowers, in
of flowers in white, yellow, pink, red, CARYOPHYLLACEAE late spring and summer, are followed by
spherical, orange-red berries. Leaves are
LYONOTHAMNUS
blue, or bicolors (usually white or yellow Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
in combination with another color) arise biennials and perennials. Requires sun lance-shaped, bright green or gray-green. ROSACEAE
above palmate, deeply divided, mid-green or partial shade and well-drained soil. Z6–9 H9–5. Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. Propagate by division or seed in fall or L. halimifolium. See L. barbarum. grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs
L. ‘My Castle’. Clump-forming perennial. spring. sun or partial shade, a warm, sheltered
H 3ft (90cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). Bears racemes L. ‘Abbotswood Rose’. See L. x walkeri position and fertile, well-drained soil.
of deep rose-pink flowers above palmate,
LYCORIS
‘Abbotswood Rose’. Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
deeply divided, mid-green leaves in early L. alpina, syn. Viscaria alpina (Alpine AMARYLLIDACEAE or by seed in fall.
and mid-summer. Z4–7 H7–1. campion, Alpine catchfly). Tuft-forming Genus of late summer- and early fall- L. floribundus (Catalina ironwood).
L. ‘Noble Maiden’. Clump-forming perennial. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 4–6in flowering bulbs, grown for their showy Evergreen tree grown only in the form
perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). (10–15cm). Has dense tufts of thick, linear, flower heads on leafless stems. In colder subsp. aspleniifolius. This is a slender L
In early and mid-summer, racemes of deep green leaves. In summer, sticky stems areas is best grown in pots. Needs sun, tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has rather
creamy-white flowers are produced above each bear rounded head of pale to deep well-drained soil and a warm period in stringy, reddish-brown bark and much
deeply divided, palmate, mid-green leaves. pink or, rarely, white flowers with summer to ripen bulbs so they flower. divided, fernlike, dark green leaves. Large,
Z4–7 H7–1. spreading, frilled petals. Is suitable for a Provide regular liquid feed while in growth. flattened heads of 5-petaled, star-shaped
L. ‘The Chatelaine’, illus. p.232. rock garden. Z4–7 H7–1. After summer dormancy, water from early white flowers are produced in early
L. ‘The Page’. Clump-forming perennial. L. chalcedonica, illus. p.235. fall until following summer, when foliage summer. Z9–10 H10–9.
H 36–39in (90–100cm), S 30in (75cm). Bears L. coeli-rosa. See Silene coeli-rosa. dies away. Propagate by seed when ripe
spikes of intense, deep red flowers above or in spring or summer or by offsets in
palmate, divided, mid-green, basal leaves
L. coronaria, illus. p.268.
LYSICHITON
L. flos-jovis (Flower of Jove, Flower of late summer.
Skunk cabbage
from early to mid-summer. Jupiter), illus. p.265. L. aurea (Golden spider lily). Late
L. x haageana, syn. L. x haagena. Short- summer- and early fall-flowering bulb. ARACEAE
lived, clump-forming perennial. H 18in H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
LURONIUM Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces clusters Produces a head of 5 or 6 bright yellow water plants and bog plants, grown for
ALISMATACEAE of large, 5-petaled, white, orange or red flowers that have narrow, reflexed petals, their spathes and very large, glossy foliage.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal flowers in summer. Oval leaves are mid- with very wavy margins, and conspicuous Prefers full sun, but tolerates partial shade.
water plants and marsh plants, grown green. Is best raised regularly from seed. stamens. Strap-shaped, semierect, basal Tolerates still and running water. Propagate
for their foliage and flowers. Requires full L. x haagena. See L. x haageana. Z6–8 H8–6. leaves are produced after flowering. Z8–10 by seed when fresh, in late summer.
sun and shallow water. Thin plants when L. viscaria. Clump-forming perennial. H10–8. L. americanum. See L. americanus.
overcrowded. Propagate in spring by seed H 12in (30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). From L. radiata (Red spider lily), illus. p.410. L. americanus, syn. L. americanum, illus.
or division. early to mid-summer, rather sticky, star- L. squamigera (Resurrection lily). Late p.444.
L. natans, syn. Alisma natans (Floating shaped, reddish-purple flowers are borne summer- or early fall-flowering bulb. L. camtschatcensis, illus. p.434.
water plantain). Deciduous, perennial, in dense clusters above narrowly oval to H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
marginal water plant. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), oblong, dark green leaves. Is suitable for Bears a head of 6–8 fragrant, funnel-
S 12in (30cm). Produces small, elliptic to the front of a border or a rock garden. Z3–7 shaped, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) long,
LYSIMACHIA
Loosestrife
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and, in H3–1. ‘Splendens Plena’, illus. p.265. with reflexed petal tips. Strap-shaped,
summer, small, 3-lobed, yellow-spotted, L. x walkeri ‘Abbotswood Rose’, syn. semierect, basal leaves are produced after PRIMULACEAE
white flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. L. ‘Abbotswood Rose’. Neat, clump- flowers. Z6–11 H12–6. Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
forming perennial. H 12–15in (30–38cm), perennials, suitable for the border or rock
S 9in (23cm). Has oval, gray leaves and
LUZULA gray, branching stems that, from mid- to
LYGODIUM gardens. Prefers sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
Woodrush Climbing fern
late summer, bear sprays of rounded, division in spring or by seed in fall.
JUNCACEAE 5-petaled, bright rose-pink flowers. SCHIZAEACEAE/LYGODIACEAE L. clethroides, illus. p.437.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, L. congestiflora ‘Outback Sunset’,
and SEDGES.
LYCIANTHES climbing ferns, usually with two kinds of illus. p.323.
L. maxima. See L. sylvatica. fronds: vegetative and fertile. Needs full or L. ephemerum. Neat, clump-forming
L. nivea, illus. p.284. SOLANACEAE partial shade and rich, moist, peaty soil. Is perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Erect,
L. sylvatica, syn. L. maxima (Greater Genus of perennials and deciduous, best grown among shrubby plants that can terminal racemes of star-shaped, grayish-
woodrush). ‘Aureomarginata’. See semievergreen or evergreen shrubs, grown provide support. Plants grown under glass white flowers are borne on slender stems 627
L. sylvatica ‘Marginata’. ‘Hohe Tatra’, for their flowers, and sometimes also for in pots need support. Remove faded fronds in summer, followed by light green seed
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LYSIONOTUS
M
heads. Lance-shaped leaves are leathery
and glaucous. MACLEANIA MACROZAMIA
L. nummularia (Creeping Jenny). ‘Aurea’, ERICACEAE ZAMIACEAE
illus. p.372.
Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer- Genus of slow-growing, evergreen shrubs
L. punctata, illus. p.243.
flowering shrubs and scrambling and small trees, with or without trunks,
MAACKIA climbers, grown mainly for their flowers. grown for their palmlike appearance.
LYSIONOTUS LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Needs partial shade and rich, well- Mature plants may produce conical, green
GESNERIACEAE Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water flower spikes. Needs full light or partial
trees, grown for their foliage and flowers. container specimens moderately when shade and well-drained soil. Water
Genus of evergreen, creeping, shrubby
in full growth, less at other times. Long container plants moderately when in full
perennials, grown for their relatively Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
shoots may be shortened in winter or growth, less at other times. Propagate by
large, tubular, inflated, white to pink soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
after flowering. Propagate by seed in seed in spring.
flowers. Requires partial or full shade M. amurensis, illus. p.85.
spring, by semiripe cuttings in summer M. corallipes. See M. spiralis.
and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
or by layering in fall. M. spiralis, syn. M. corallipes. Evergreen,
Propagate by cuttings in summer or by
seed in spring.
MACADAMIA M. insignis. Evergreen, scrambling palmlike shrub with a very short, mainly
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE climber with erect, sparingly branched, underground trunk. H and S 2–3ft (60cm–
L. pauciflorus. Evergreen, suckering,
wandlike stems. H 10ft (3m), S 3–10ft 1m). Has a rosette of deep green leaves,
shrubby perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
(1–3m). Has oval, leathery, deep green each with a spirally twisted midrib and very
S 20in (50cm). Erect, woody stems have foliage and fruits. Prefers full light,
leaves, red-flushed when young. Tubular, narrow, leathery leaflets. Z10–13 H12–10.
ovate, toothed, rigid, leathery, dark green though some shade is tolerated. Needs
leaves, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, and bear waxy, scarlet flowers, with white tips,
rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water
tubular, purple-striped, pale lilac flowers freely while in full growth, moderately
hang in clusters in summer. Needs MAGNOLIA
in summer–fall. support.
at other times. Pruning is not usually Magnolia
necessary, but is tolerated in fall. MAGNOLIACEAE
LYTHRUM Propagate by seed when ripe, in fall, MACLEAYA Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
Loosestrife or in spring. Plume poppy
evergreen trees and shrubs, grown for
M. integrifolia (Macadamia nut, PAPAVERACEAE their showy, usually fragrant flowers.
LYTHRACEAE
Queensland nut). Spreading tree. H and Genus of summer-flowering perennials, Leaves are mainly oval. Flowers and buds
Genus of summer-flowering perennials that S 50ft (15m). Has whorls of leathery, semi- grown for their overall appearance. of early-flowering magnolias may be
thrive by the waterside and in bog gardens. glossy leaves and edible, brown nuts in fall. Requires sun and well-drained soil. damaged by late frosts. Needs sun or
Needs sun or partial shade and moist or
Produces panicles of small, creamy-yellow May spread rapidly. Propagate by partial shade and shelter from strong
wet soil. Propagate cultivars by division in
flowers in spring. Z13–15 H12–11. division in early spring or by root winds. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil.
spring, species by seed or division in
cuttings in winter. M. delavayi, M. kobus, M. sieboldii and
spring or fall. Some species have become
noxious weeds in the USA. MACFADYENA M. cordata, syn. Bocconia cordata M. wilsonii grow on chalky soil. Other
(Plume poppy). Spreading, clump- species prefer neutral to acidic soil, but will
L. salicaria (Purple loosestrife). SYN. DOXANTHA
forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m) or more, tolerate alkaline soil if deep and rich. Dry,
‘Feuerkerze’, syn. L. salicaria ‘Fire Cat’s claw vine
S 2ft (60cm) or more. Large, rounded, sandy soils should be generously enriched
Candle’, illus. p.234. ‘Fire Candle’. See BIGNONIACEAE lobed, gray-green leaves, gray-white with manure and leaf mold before planting.
L. salicaria ‘Feuerkerze’. ‘Robert’ is a
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, beneath, are produced at base of plant Propagate species by semiripe cuttings in
L clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm),
S 18in (45cm). Produces racemes of tendril climbers, grown for their and up lower parts of stems. Large, summer or by seed, when ripe, in fall,
4-petaled, clear pink flowers from mid- foxglove-like flowers. Needs full light feathery panicles of creamy-white selected forms by semiripe cuttings in
to late summer. Leaves are mid-green and fertile, well-drained soil. Water flowers are produced in summer. summer or by grafting in winter. See also
and lance-shaped. Z3–9 H9–1. regularly when in full growth, less at Z4–8 H8–1. feature pp.70–71.
L. virgatum (Purple loosestrife). ‘Rose other times. Provide support for stems. M. microcarpa ‘Kelway’s Coral M. acuminata (Cucumber tree magnolia).
Queen’ Clump-forming perennial. H 3ft Thin out crowded shoots after flowering Plume’, illus. p.216. Vigorous, deciduous tree, conical when
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). Racemes of 4-petaled, or in spring. Propagate by semiripe young, later spreading. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft
(10m). Has fragrant, cup-shaped, bluish-
star-shaped, light pink flowers are cuttings in summer.
MACLURA green flowers from early to mid-summer
produced from mid- to late summer above M. unguis-cati, syn. Bignonia unguis-cati,
lance-shaped, hairless, mid-green leaves. Doxantha unguis-cati (Common cat’s claw MORACEAE amid large, oval, pale green leaves,
Z4–9 H9–1. ‘The Rocket’, S 11/2ft (45cm), vine). Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- Genus of 15 species of evergreen or followed by small, egg-shaped, green, later
has slender spikes of rose-red flowers. Is stemmed, tendril climber. H 25–30ft deciduous trees, shrubs and climbers, red fruits. Z4–8 H8–2.
good for a waterside or bog garden. Z4–9 (8–10m). Leaves have 2 leaflets and a grown for their foliage and unusual fruits. M. ‘Ann’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, erect,
H9–1. tendril. Has yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) Both male and female trees need to be multi-stemmed tree. H and S to 20ft (6m).
planted to obtain fruits. Young plants are Has oval, deep green leaves. In spring
long, in late spring or early summer.
susceptible to cold damage. Requires full produces an abundance of fragrant,
Z11–15 H12–10.
sun and needs hot summers to thrive in narrowly goblet-shaped, rich pinkish-red
cold areas. Grows in any but waterlogged flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
MACKAYA soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in M. BLACK TULIP (‘Jurmag1’), illus. p.70.
ACANTHACEAE summer, by seed in fall or by root cuttings Deciduous, densely branched tree. H to
in late winter. 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, goblet-
Genus of one species of evergreen
M. aurantiaca. See M. pomifera. shaped, deep wine-red flowers borne in
shrub, grown for its flowers and overall
M. pomifera, syn. M. aurantiaca (Osage early spring before the large, oval, mid-
appearance. Requires full light or partial
orange). Deciduous, rounded, spreading green leaves unfold.
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. M. x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’, illus.
Water container plants freely when in tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Has spiny
shoots and oval, dark green leaves that p.70. Deciduous, upright, slightly pyramidal
full growth, moderately at other times. tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has oval,
turn yellow in fall. Tiny, cup-shaped, yellow
Pruning is tolerated in winter if mid-green leaves. Goblet-shaped, dark
flowers in summer are followed on female
necessary. Propagate by greenwood yellow flowers, sometimes tinted green,
trees by large, rounded, wrinkled, pale
cuttings in spring or by semiripe cuttings are borne in spring. Z4–8 H8–1.
green fruits. Z5–9 H9–5.
in summer. M. ‘Butterflies’, illus. p.70. Deciduous,
M. tricuspidata, syn. Cudrania
M. bella, syn. Asystasia bella. Evergreen, upright tree. H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval,
tricuspidata. Deciduous, spreading tree.
erect, then spreading, well-branched mid-green leaves. Goblet- to tulip-shaped,
H 22ft (7m), S 20ft (6m). Bears oval,
shrub. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). bright deep yellow flowers, in mid-spring,
dark green leaves that are sometimes
Leaves are oval, pointed, glossy and mid- open wide as they mature to reveal orange-
3-lobed. Produces small, rounded clusters
to deep green. Has spikes of tubular, dark- red stamens. Z4–9 H9–1.
of tiny, green flowers in mid-summer.
veined, lavender flowers, each with 5 large, M. campbellii. Deciduous tree, upright
Z5–9 H9–5.
flared petal lobes, from spring to fall. In when young, later spreading. H 50ft (15m),
628 warm conditions, above 55°F (13°C), will Macrotomia echioides. See Arnebia S 30ft (10m). Large, slightly fragrant, cup-
flower into winter. Z9–11 H12–9. pulchra. and-saucer-shaped, pale to deep pink
MAHONIA
flowers are borne on leafless branches leaves. Z7–9 H9–1. ‘Exmouth’ (illus. p.70) dark purple-pink buds in mid-spring. Leaves cup-shaped, creamy-white flowers, with
from late winter to mid-spring on trees produces creamy-white flowers and are broadly oval and mid-green. Z6–9 H9–6. narrow petals, in late spring and early
15–20 years old or more. Leaves are narrow, leathery leaves. ‘Ferruginea’ M. salicifolia (Anise magnolia, Willow- summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
large, oval and mid-green. Z7–9 H9–7. produces dark green leaves that are rust- leaved magnolia). Deciduous, conical tree. M. x veitchii ‘Peter Veitch’. Fast-
‘Charles Raffill’ bears purplish-pink brown beneath. Z8–9 H9–8. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has aromatic, oval growing, deciduous, spreading tree.
flowers. ‘Darjeeling’ has very deep pink M. ‘Heaven Scent’, illus. p.72. leaves, mid-green above, gray-white H 60ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Produces large,
flowers. ‘Kew’s Surprise’ produces M. heptapeta. See M. denudata. beneath. Fragrant, star-shaped, pure white fragrant, goblet-shaped, pale pink and
deep purplish-pink flowers. subsp. M. hypoleuca. See M. obovata. flowers are produced in mid-spring before white flowers in mid-spring, before dark
mollicomata (illus. p.70) has lilac-pink M. insignis. See Manglietia insignis. foliage emerges. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Wada’s green leaves emerge. Usually flowers
flowers slightly earlier in year. M. x kewensis ‘Wada’s Memory’. See Memory’, syn. M. x kewensis ‘Wada’s within 10 years of planting. Z7–9 H9–7.
M. ‘Charles Coates’. Deciduous, M. salicifolia ‘Wada’s Memory’. Memory’ has dark green foliage and a M. virginiana (Sweetbay magnolia).
rounded, open, spreading tree. H 70ft M. kobus. Deciduous, broadly conical profusion of large flowers borne from mid- Deciduous or semievergreen, conical shrub
(19m), S 25ft (8m). Extremely fragrant, tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears a to late spring. or tree. H 28ft (9m), S 20ft (6m). Has very
saucer-shaped, creamy-white flowers, with profusion of fragrant, cup-and-saucer- M. sargentiana. Deciduous, broadly fragrant, cup-shaped, creamy-white
conspicuous, red stamens, are produced in shaped, pure white flowers, in mid-spring, conical tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). flowers from early summer to early fall.
late spring and early summer amid large, before small, slightly aromatic, dark green Large, fragrant, narrowly bowl-shaped, Oblong, glossy, mid- to dark green leaves
light green leaves. Z6–9 H9–8. leaves are produced. Z5–9 H9–5. many-petaled flowers, white inside, are bluish-white beneath. Z6–9 H9–6.
M. cylindrica. Deciduous, spreading tree M. liliiflora, syn. M. quinquepeta (Lily- purplish-pink outside, are borne from mid- M. ‘Vulcan’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, open-
or large shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Fragrant, flowered magnolia). Deciduous, bushy to late spring, before oval, dark green branched tree. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m). Has
goblet- to cup-shaped, creamy-white shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Fragrant, leaves emerge. Z7–9 H9–7. oval, mid-green leaves. In spring bears
flowers are produced in mid-spring, after upright, goblet-shaped, purplish-pink M. sieboldii (Oyama magnolia). large, cup- to goblet-shaped, erect, deep
which young leaves turn dark green. flowers are borne amid oval, very dark Deciduous, arching shrub or wide- wine-red flowers, with outward curved
Z6–9 H9–6. green leaves from mid-spring to mid- spreading tree. H 25ft (8m), S 40ft (12m). petals. Flowers from a young age.
M. cylindrica of gardens. See M. ‘Pegasus’. summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Nigra’ (illus. p.70) Fragrant, cup-shaped, white flowers, with M. x watsonii. See M. x wieseneri.
M. dawsoniana. Deciduous tree or shrub, has large, deep purple flowers. crimson anthers, are produced above oval, M. x wieseneri, syn. M. x watsonii, illus.
with a broadly oval head. H 50ft (15m), M. x loebneri. ‘Merrill’ has funnel- dark green leaves from late spring to late p.70. Deciduous, spreading, open tree or
S 30ft (10m). In early spring, large, fragrant, shaped, white flowers. ‘Leonard Messel’ summer. Z6–9 H9–6. subsp. sinensis, syn. shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m). Rounded,
pendent, open cup-shaped, pale lilac-pink (illus. p.70) Deciduous, upright shrub or M. sinensis has slightly larger, fully pendent white buds open in late spring to early
flowers are borne profusely on older small tree. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). In mid- flowers and more rounded, oval leaves. summer to fragrant, bowl-shaped, creamy-
plants (20 years from seed, 10 years from spring, fragrant, star-shaped flowers with M. sinensis. See M. sieboldii subsp. white flowers, flushed pink outside and
grafting). Leaves are oval, leathery and many pale lilac-pink petals are produced sinensis. with crimson stamens. Z7–9 H9–7.
deep green. Z7–9 H9–7. before and after oval, deep green leaves M. x soulangeana (Saucer magnolia). M. wilsonii, illus. p.70. Deciduous,
M. delavayi. Evergreen, rounded, dense emerge. Z5–9 H9–5. Z5–9 H8–7. ‘Alba’. See M. x soulangeana spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 22ft
shrub or tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Large, M. macrophylla (Bigleaf magnolia). ‘Alba Superba’. ‘Alba Superba’, syn. (7m). In late spring and early summer,
slightly fragrant, bowl-shaped, parchment- Deciduous, broadly upright tree, M. x soulangeana ‘Alba’ is a deciduous, fragrant, cup-shaped, white flowers, with
white flowers are short-lived and open becoming rounded with age. H and S 30ft rounded, spreading shrub or small tree. crimson stamens, hang from arching
intermittently from mid-summer to early (10m). Produces sturdy, blue-gray shoots H and S 20ft (6m). Bears large, fragrant, branches amid narrow, dark green leaves.
fall. Large, oval leaves are deep blue-green and very large, oval, bright green leaves. tulip-like, white flowers, faintly flushed Z7–9 H9–7.
above and bluish-white beneath. Z8–9 H9–8. Large, fragrant, bowl-shaped, with pink at bases, from mid- to early
M. denudata, syn. M. heptapeta (Lily tree, parchment-white flowers are borne in spring, the first before mid- to dark green
x MAHOBERBERIS M
Yulan). Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub early summer. Z6–9 H9–6. leaves emerge. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Brozzonii’,
or spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has M. ‘Manchu Fan’. Vigorous, deciduous H 25ft (8m), is treelike, with large, purple- BERBERIDACEAE
masses of fragrant, cup-shaped, white shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). In flushed, white flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. Hybrid genus (Berberis x Mahonia) of
flowers, from mid- to late spring, before late spring has large, goblet-shaped, ‘Etienne Soulange-Bodin’ bears purple- evergreen shrubs, grown for their foliage,
oval, mid-green leaves are produced. Z6–9 creamy-white flowers with usually 9 petals, flushed, white flowers. Flowers of ‘Lennei’ flowers and botanical interest. Needs sun
H9–6. the inner ones flushed purple-pink at base. are large, goblet-shaped and deep rose- or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
M. doltsopa. See Michelia doltsopa. Leaves are ovate. Z6–9 H9–6. purple. ‘Lennei Alba’ has ivory-white soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
M. ‘Elizabeth’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, M. ‘Norman Gould’. Deciduous, flowers. ‘Picture’, H 25ft (8m), is vigorous, summer.
multi-stemmed, conical tree. H to 25ft (8m), spreading tree or bushy shrub. H and S 15ft compact and upright, with large, erect, x M. aquisargentii. Evergreen, upright,
S to 20ft (6m). In spring produces fragrant, (5m). Silky buds open into fragrant, star- deep reddish-purple flowers. ‘Rubra’ of densely leaved shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
cup-shaped, primrose-yellow flowers, with shaped, white flowers in mid-spring. gardens. See M. x soulangeana ‘Rustica Leaves are bright green, often with 3
6–9 petals and red stamens. Obovate, dark Leaves are oblong and dark green. Z6–9 Rubra’. ‘Rustica Rubra’, syn. M. x leaflets, some oblong and finely toothed,
green leaves are coppery in color when H9–6. soulangeana ‘Rubra’ (illus. p.70) has others holly-shaped. Terminal clusters of
they unfold in spring. Z6–9 H9–5. M. obovata, syn. M. hypoleuca (Japanese purplish-red flowers suffused pink. berberis-like, yellow flowers are sparsely
M. figo. See Michelia figo. bigleaf magnolia, Whitebark magnolia). M. sprengeri. Deciduous, spreading produced in late spring. Z6–8 H8–6.
M. fraseri (Fraser magnolia). Deciduous, Vigorous, deciduous, upright tree. H 50ft tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). In mid-
spreading, open tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Large, fragrant, cup- spring has fragrant, bowl-shaped, white
MAHONIA
(8m). Fragrant, narrowly goblet-shaped, shaped, pink-flushed, white or pale cream flowers, sometimes fringed with red or pale
white or pale yellow flowers are borne in flowers, with crimson stamens, are pink, before oval, dark green leaves are BERBERIDACEAE
late spring and early summer amid large, produced in early summer. Z5–9 H9–5. produced. Z7–9 H9–7. var. diva (illus. p.70) Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
pale green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. M. ‘Pegasus’, syn. M. cylindrica. bears rich deep pink flowers, paler inside. foliage, their usually short racemes of often
M. ‘Galaxy’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, conical Deciduous shrub or multi-stemmed tree, ‘Wakehurst’ has deep purplish-pink fragrant, rounded, bell-shaped, yellow
to upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m). initially vase-shaped, later spreading. flowers. flowers and, with tall species and cultivars,
Large, slightly fragrant, narrowly goblet- H and S 20ft (6m). Has elliptic, dark green M. stellata (Star magnolia, Swamp for their deeply fissured bark. Large
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers, purple-red leaves, pale green beneath. In spring, magnolia). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. mahonias make good specimen plants; low-
outside, open from deep purple buds in before and with the young leaves, produces H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Fragrant, star- growing ones are excellent for groundcover.
early spring before elliptic, mid-green cup-shaped, creamy-white or yellowish- shaped, pure white flowers, with many Prefers full or partial shade and fertile, well-
leaves emerge. Z6–9 H9–6. white flowers, suffused purplish-pink at narrow petals sometimes faintly pink drained but not too dry soil. Propagate
M. globosa. Deciduous, bushy shrub. bases. flushed, open from silky buds from early to species by leaf-bud or semiripe cuttings in
H and S 15ft (5m). In early summer, large, M. ‘Pinkie’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, upright mid-spring. Leaves are narrow and deep summer or by seed in fall, selected forms by
oval, glossy, dark green leaves set off shrub. H and S to 12ft (4m). In spring green. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Rosea’ (illus. p.70) has leaf-bud or semiripe cuttings only.
fragrant, cup-shaped, creamy-white produces cup-shaped, pale pinkish-purple warm pink buds that open pale pink. M. acanthifolia. See M. napaulensis.
flowers with red anthers. flowers, with white inner surfaces, followed ‘Waterlily’ (illus. p.70) has large, white M. aquifolium, illus. p.148.
M. grandiflora (Southern magnolia). by ovate to elliptic, mid-green leaves. flowers with many petals. M. bealei. See M. japonica Bealei Group.
Evergreen, broadly conical or rounded, M. quinquepeta. See M. liliiflora. M. tripetala (Umbrella tree magnolia). M. ‘Heterophylla’. Evergreen, upright
dense tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Bears large, M. ‘Ricki’. Deciduous, upright shrub. Deciduous, spreading, open tree, conical shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has reddish-
very fragrant, bowl-shaped, white flowers H and S 12ft (4m). Goblet-shaped flowers, when young. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has purple shoots and glossy, bright green
intermittently from mid-summer to early each with 15 twisted petals that are pink to large, dark green leaves, clustered around leaves, divided into 5 or 7 narrowly lance- 629
fall. Has oblong, glossy, mid- to dark green dark purple-pink at bases, are produced from shoot tips, and rather unpleasantly scented, shaped, wavy-edged or curled leaflets
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MAIANTHEMUM
that turn reddish-purple in winter. Small (8m). Oval leaves are dark reddish-purple lasting, rounded, yellow or red crab apples.
clusters of yellow flowers are produced MALEPHORA when young, dark green when mature. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Yellow Siberian’ produces
in spring. Z9–10 H10–9. AIZOACEAE Bears single, deep purplish-red flowers white flowers, which are sometimes pink-
M. japonica, illus. p.144. Bealei Group, from mid- to late spring, followed by tinged, and yellow crab apples. Z4–8 H8–4.
Genus of erect or spreading, perennial
syn. M. bealei (Leatherleaf mahonia) is an rounded, purplish-red crab apples. M. ‘Royalty’, illus. p.84.
succulents with semicylindrical leaves.
evergreen, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft M. floribunda, illus. p.84. M. sargentii, illus. p.110. Deciduous,
Needs sun and very well-drained soil.
(3m). Has blue-green leaves divided into M. ‘Frettingham’s Victoria’. Deciduous, spreading shrub with arching branches.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
broad, spiny leaflets. Long, spreading upright tree. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Single, H 12ft (4m), S 15ft (5m). Dark green leaves,
spring or summer.
sprays of fragrant, pale yellow flowers, in white flowers, borne amid oval, dark green often lobed, turn red or yellow in fall. Bears
M. crocea, illus. p.496.
short, upright racemes, are borne from late leaves in late spring, are followed by white or pale to deep pink flowers in mid-
fall to spring and followed by purple-blue rounded, red-flushed, yellow crab apples. spring followed by small, red or yellow
fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. MALOPE M. ‘Golden Hornet’, syn. M. x zumi fruits.
M. lomariifolia. Evergreen, very upright MALVACEAE ‘Golden Hornet’, illus. p.92. M. x scheidekeri ‘Red Jade’. Deciduous,
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Large, dark M. x hartwigii ‘Katherine’. See M. weeping tree. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). In
Genus of annuals, grown for their showy
green leaves each have 19–37 narrow, holly- ‘Katherine’. late spring has single, white flowers,
flowers that are ideal for cutting. Needs
like, spiny leaflets. Fragrant, bright yellow M. ‘Hopa’. Deciduous, spreading tree. sometimes pale pink-flushed, followed by
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
flowers are produced in dense, upright H and S 30ft (10m). Oval, dark green leaves long-lasting, rounded to egg-shaped, red
by seed in spring. Self-seeds freely.
racemes in late fall and winter. Z8–9 H9–5. are reddish-purple when young. Single, crab apples. Leaves are dark green and
M. trifida, illus. p.305.
M. x media ‘Buckland’, illus. p.118. deep pink flowers in mid-spring are followed oval. Z5–8 H8–5.
‘Charity’, illus. p.118. by rounded, orange-and-red crab apples. M. ‘Snowcloud’, illus. p.81.
M. napaulensis, syn. M. acanthifolia. MALUS M. hupehensis, illus. p.69. M. spectabilis (Chinese flowering
Evergreen, upright, open shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), Apple, Flowering crabapple M. ‘John Downie’, illus. p.91. crabapple). Deciduous, round-headed tree.
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are composed of up to 15 ROSACEAE M. ‘Katherine’, syn. M. x hartwigii H and S 30ft (10m). Has oval, dark green
holly-like, spiny, dark green leaflets. ‘Katherine’. Deciduous, round-headed tree. leaves. Large, single, blush-pink flowers,
Genus of deciduous, mainly spring-
Produces long, slender racemes of yellow H and S 20ft (6m). Has oval, mid-green rose-red in bud, from mid- to late spring,
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for their
flowers in early and mid-spring. Z8–9 H9–8. leaves. Large, double, pale pink flowers, are followed by large, rounded, yellow crab
shallowly cup-shaped flowers, fruits, foliage
M. repens (Creeping mahonia). fading to white, from mid- to late spring, apples. Z5–8 H8–5.
or fall color. Crab apples may be used to
Evergreen, upright shrub that spreads by are followed by tiny, rounded, yellow- M. toringoides. Deciduous, spreading
make preserves. Prefers full sun, but
underground stems. H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft flushed, red crab apples. Z3–9 H9–1. tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, deeply
tolerates partial shade; grows in any but
(2m). Blue-green leaves each consist of M. ‘Lemoinei’, syn. M. x purpurea lobed, glossy, bright green leaves turn
waterlogged soil. In winter, cut out dead
3–7 oval leaflets, with bristly teeth. Dense ‘Lemoinei’, illus. p.84. yellow in fall. Bears single, white flowers in
or diseased wood and prune to maintain
clusters of deep yellow flowers are borne M. x magdeburgensis, illus. p.83. late spring followed by rounded or egg-
a balanced branch system. Propagate by
from mid- to late spring. Z5–8 H8–3. M. ‘Marshall Oyama’, illus. p.90. shaped, red-flushed, yellow crab apples in
budding in late summer or by grafting in
M. x wagneri ‘Undulata’. Evergreen, M. x moerlandsii ‘Profusion’. See fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
mid-winter. Trees are sometimes attacked by
upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Glossy, dark M. ‘Profusion’. M. transitoria. Deciduous, spreading
aphids, caterpillars and red spider mite, and
green leaves each have 5–9 holly-like, wavy- M. ‘Neville Copeman’, syn. M. x tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, deeply
are susceptible to fireblight and apple scab.
edged leaflets that become bronzed in purpurea ‘Neville Copeman’. Deciduous, lobed, mid-green leaves turn yellow in fall.
M. ‘Almey’. Deciduous, rounded tree.
winter. Bears dense clusters of deep yellow spreading tree. H and S 28ft (9m). Oval, Has masses of single, white flowers, in late
H and S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are reddish-
flowers in mid- and late spring. Z5–8 H8–5. dark green leaves are purplish-red when spring, followed by small, rounded, pale
purple when young, maturing to dark
M green. Single, deep pink flowers, with paler young. Single, dark purplish-pink flowers, yellow crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5.
MAIANTHEMUM pink, almost white centers, in late spring borne from mid- to late spring, are M. trilobata. Deciduous, conical tree.
are followed by long-lasting, rounded, followed by rounded, orange-red to H 50ft (15m), S 22ft (7m). Has maple-like,
May lily
orange-red crab apples, which are subject carmine crab apples. lobed, glossy, bright green leaves that often
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE M. niedzwetskyana, syn. M. pumila var.
to apple scab. become brightly colored in fall. Bears
Genus of perennials with extensive, M. x arnoldiana, illus. p.82. niedzwetskyana. Deciduous, spreading tree. single, white flowers, in early summer,
spreading rhizomes. Is useful as M. x atrosanguinea. Deciduous, H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are red followed by small, rounded or pear-shaped,
groundcover in woodlands and wild areas. spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Produces when young, maturing to purple. Produces red or yellow crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5.
Prefers full or partial shade and rich, moist, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Red flower clusters of single, deep reddish-purple M. tschonoskii, illus. p.77.
sandy, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by buds open to single, rich pink flowers in flowers in late spring, followed by very M. ‘Van Eseltine’. Deciduous, upright
seed in fall or by division in any season. late spring. Bears small, rounded, red- large, conical, reddish-purple crab apples. tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Bears double,
M. bifolium, illus. p.348. flushed, yellow crab apples. Z4–8 H8–1. M. prattii. Deciduous tree, upright when pink flowers, in late spring, followed by
M. canadense. Vigorous, groundcover, M. baccata (Siberian crabapple). young, later spreading. H and S 30ft rounded, yellow crab apples in fall. Has
rhizomatous perennial. H 4in (10cm), Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 50ft (10m). Oval, red-stalked, glossy, mid- oval, dark green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
S indefinite. Has large, upright, oval, wavy- (15m). Has oval, dark green leaves and a green leaves become orange and red in M. ‘Veitch’s Scarlet’, illus. p.89.
edged, glossy leaves. Slender stems bear profusion of single, white flowers from fall. Single, white flowers in late spring M. yunnanensis var. veitchii, illus. p.86.
sprays of small, white flowers in late spring mid- to late spring followed by tiny, are followed by small, rounded or egg- M. x zumi var. calocarpa. Deciduous,
and early summer followed by red berries. rounded, red or yellow crab apples in fall. shaped, white-flecked, red crab apples. spreading tree. H 9m (28ft), S 8m (25ft).
Z4–7 H7–1. Z3–7 H7–1. var. mandschurica illus. p.69. Z5–8 H8–5. Dark green leaves are sometimes deeply
M. racemosum. See Smilacina racemosa. M. ‘Chilko’. Deciduous, spreading tree. M. ‘Professor Sprenger’, illus. p.91. lobed. White flowers in late spring are
H and S 25ft (8m). Oval, dark green leaves M. ‘Profusion’, syn. M. x moerlandsii followed by dense clusters of long-lasting,
MAIHUENIA are reddish-purple when young. Has ‘Profusion’, illus. p.71. rounded, red crab apples in fall. Z4–8 H8–1.
single, rose-pink flowers in mid-spring, M. prunifolia, illus. p.90. ‘Golden Hornet’. See M. ‘Golden Hornet’.
CACTACEAE M. pumila var. niedzwetskyana. See
followed by large, rounded, bright crimson
Genus of slow-growing, summer- crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5. M. niedzwetskyana.
flowering, alpine cacti, clump-forming with M. coronaria ‘Charlottae’. Deciduous, M. x purpurea. Deciduous, spreading MALVA
age, with cylindrical stems. Requires sun spreading tree. H and S 28ft (9m). Broadly tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, young Mallow
and well-drained soil. Protect from winter oval, lobed or deeply toothed leaves are leaves are reddish, maturing to green. MALVACEAE
rain. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in dark green, turning red in fall. Semidouble, Single, deep ruby-red flowers, becoming Genus of annuals, biennials and free-
spring or summer. pale pink flowers are borne in late spring paler with age, are produced in late spring flowering, short-lived perennials. Requires
M. poeppigii, illus. p.490. and early summer. Z4–8 H8–1. and are followed by rounded, reddish- sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
M. ‘Cowichan’, illus. p.90. purple crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Eleyi’. See species by seed in fall, selected forms by
M. ‘Eleyi’. ‘Lemoinei’. See M. ‘Lemoinei’.
MALCOLMIA M. ‘Dorothea’. Deciduous, spreading cuttings from firm, basal shoots in late
tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Semidouble, silvery- ‘Neville Copeman’. See M. ‘Neville spring or summer. These shoots may be
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE pink flowers, red in bud, are borne in late Copeman’. encouraged by cutting plant back after first
Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals. spring, followed by rounded, yellow crab M. x robusta. Vigorous, deciduous, flowers have faded.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. apples. Oval leaves are mid-green. Is prone spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). M. moschata, illus. p.232.
Propagate by seed in spring, summer to apple scab. Bears masses of single, white or pink
630 or early fall. Self-seeds freely. M. ‘Eleyi’, syn. M. x purpurea ‘Eleyi’. flowers above oval, dark green leaves in Malvastrum capensis. See
M. Maritima, illus. p.304. Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft late spring. These are followed by long- Anisodontea capensis.
MASDEVALLIA
spines, often curved. In late summer ‘Erythrophylla’. See M. leuconeura

MALVAVISCUS produces bright red flowers, 1/2–3/4in MANDRAGORA ‘Erythroneura’. ‘Kerchoveana’, illus.
MALVACEAE (1–2cm) across. Z12–15 H12–10. Mandrake p.475. ‘Massangeana’ is an evergreen,
M. schiedeana. Clump-forming, SOLANACEAE short-stemmed perennial, branching
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 12in at base. H and S 1ft (30cm). Each oblong,
grown for their flowers. Requires full light Genus of rosetted perennials with large,
(30cm). Green stem is covered with short, velvety, dark green leaf, 6in (15cm)
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water deep, fleshy roots. Needs sun or partial
feathery, yellow spines that turn white. long, has a wide, irregular, pale midrib,
container plants freely in growing season, shade and deep, rich, well-drained soil.
Produces cream flowers, 3/4in (2cm) long, white, lateral veins and is often
moderately at other times. To maintain Resents being transplanted. Propagate by
and narrow, red seed pods in late summer. purplish-green below. Leaves stand
shape, flowered stems may be cut back seed in fall. T Alkaloids in the plant may
Z13–15 H12–10. upright at night but lie flat during the
hard in late winter. Propagate by seed in be harmful if ingested.
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. M. sempervivi, illus. p.484. day. Bears small, 3-petaled, white to
M. officinarum, illus. p.356.
Whitefly and red spider mite may be M. vetula subsp. gracilis, syn. M. mauve flowers in slender, upright spikes
troublesome. gracilis. Clump-forming, perennial cactus. year-round.
M. arboreus (Wax mallow). Vigorous, H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces MANETTIA
Marginatocereus marginatus. See
evergreen, rounded shrub. H to 12ft (4m) columnar, green stem densely covered RUBIACEAE
Pachycereus marginatus.
or more, S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Ovate to heart- with pure white spines. In early summer Genus of evergreen, soft- or semiwoody-
shaped, toothed, bright green leaves are produces pale cream flowers, 1/2–3/4in stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
soft-haired. Has bright red flowers, with (1–2cm) across. Stem is shallow-rooted their small but showy flowers. Needs MARGYRICARPUS
protruding stamens, in summer–fall. and reroots readily. Z12–15 H12–10. partial shade in summer and rich, well- ROSACEAE
Z14–15 H12–6. M. zeilmanniana, syn. M. crinita, illus. drained soil. Water regularly, sparingly Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
p.486. when temperatures are low. Stems need fruits. Is good for rock gardens. Needs a
MAMMILLARIA support. Cut back if required in spring. sheltered, sunny position and well-drained
CACTACEAE
MAMMILLOYDIA Propagate by softwood or semiripe soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
cuttings in summer. Whitefly is sometimes early summer or by seed in fall.
Genus of hemispherical, spherical or CATACEAE
a problem.
M. pinnatus, syn. M. setosus (Pearl fruit).
columnar cacti, grown for their rings of Genus of a single species of clump-forming M. bicolor. See M. luteorubra.
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 9–12in
funnel-shaped flowers that develop near cactus grown for ornamental spines and M. cordifolia (Firecracker vine). Fast-
(23–30cm), S 3ft (1m). Has dark green leaves
crowns. Flowers, offsets and long, slender rings of small flowers. Grow in well- growing, evergreen, soft-stemmed,
divided into linear, silky leaflets. Has tiny,
to spherical seed pods grow between drained soil in full sun. Keep dry in winter. twining climber. H 6ft (2m) or more.
inconspicuous, green flowers, in early
tubercles on a spiny, green stem with Propagate by seed sown in spring. Has narrowly heart-shaped, glossy
summer, followed by small, globose, glossy,
extended areoles. Requires full sun and M. candida, syn. Mammillaria candida. leaves. Funnel-shaped, red flowers,
white fruits. Z8–10 H10–8.
very well-drained soil. Keep completely Slow-growing, clump-forming, perennial sometimes yellow flushed on lobes, are
M. setosus. See M. pinnatus.
dry in winter, otherwise plants rot easily. cactus. H and S 6in (15cm). Columnar, produced in small clusters in summer.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer. green stem is densely covered with short, Z12–15 H12–10. Marsdenia erecta. See Cionura erecta.
M. bocasana, illus. p.480. stiff, white spines. Produces cream to rose M. inflata. See M. luteorubra.
M. candida. See Mammilloydia candida. flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) across, in spring. M. luteorubra, syn. M. bicolor, M. inflata
M. centricirrha. See M. magnimamma. Water sparingly in summer. (Brazilian firecracker). Fast-growing,
MARTYNIA
M. conoidea. See Neolloydia conoidea. evergreen, semiwoody-stemmed, twining PEDALIACEAE
M. crinita. See M. zeilmanniana. climber. H 6ft (2m). Has glossy leaves and
M. densispina. Slow-growing, spherical,
MANDEVILLA small, funnel-shaped, red flowers, with
Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers
and horned fruits. Requires a sunny,
M
SYN. DIPLADENIA
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). yellow tips, in spring–summer. Z12–15 sheltered site and fertile, well-drained
Has green stem densely covered with APOCYNACEAE H12–10. soil. Propagate by seed sown under glass
sturdy, golden spines and, in spring, Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or in early spring.
yellow flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) wide. Manfreda maculosa. See Agave
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining M. annua, illus. p.300.
Z12–15 H12–10. maculosa.
climbers, grown for their large, trumpet- M. louisianica. See Proboscidea
M. elegans of gardens. See M. haageana. shaped flowers. Needs light shade in louisianica.
M. elongata, illus. p.494.
summer and well-drained soil. Water freely MANGLIETIA
M. geminispina, illus. p.480.
when in full growth, sparingly at other MAGNOLIACEAE
M. gracilis. See M. vetula subsp. gracilis.
times. Provide support and thin out and
MASDEVALLIA
M. haageana, syn. M. elegans. Spherical Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
spur back congested growth in early ORCHIDACEAE
to columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in their foliage and flowers. Needs full light
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or See also ORCHIDS.
(30cm), S 8in (20cm). Bears green stem or partial shade and rich, moist but well-
by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly M. coccinea, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
densely covered with short, bristly spines drained, acidic soil. Water container plants
and red spider mite may cause problems. freely when in full growth, less at other epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
and bright red flowers, 1/2 in (1cm)
across, in spring. Offsets occasionally.
T Contact with the sap may cause skin times. Pruning is tolerated if necessary. H 6in (15cm). Narrowly oval leaves are
irritation, and all parts may cause mild Propagate by seed in spring. 4in (10cm) long. Bears rich cerise flowers,
Z12–15 H12–10.
stomach upset if ingested. M. insignis, syn. Magnolia insignis. 3in (8cm) long, in summer. Needs shade
M. hahniana, illus. p.479.
M. x amabilis ‘Alice du Pont’. See Evergreen, broadly conical tree. in summer. H11–6.
M. magnimamma, syn. M. centricirrha.
M. x amoena ‘Alice du Pont’. H 25–40ft (8–12m) or more, S 10–15ft M. infracta. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
Clump-forming, perennial cactus. H 1ft
M. x amoena ‘Alice du Pont’, syn. (3–5m) or more. Leaves are narrowly for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm).
(30cm), S 2ft (60cm). Green stem has very
pronounced, angular, dark green tubercles M. x amabilis ‘Alice du Pont’, illus. p.461. oval, lustrous, dark green above, bluish- Narrowly oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long.
with white spines of variable length. Bears M. boliviensis, syn. Dipladenia green beneath. In early summer produces Bears rounded, red-and-white flowers, 2in
cream, pink or red flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) boliviensis. Vigorous, evergreen, woody- solitary, magnolia-like, pink to carmine (5cm) long, with tail-like, greenish sepals,
wide, in spring and possibly again in late stemmed, twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). flowers that are cream-flushed. Z11 in summer. Needs shade from hot summer
summer. Z12–15 H12–10. Oblong, pointed leaves are lustrous green. H12–10. sun. Z14–15 H12–6.
M. microhelia, illus. p.491. Has small clusters of large, trumpet- M. tovarensis, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
shaped, white flowers, with gold eyes, in epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
M. plumosa, illus. p.483.
summer. Z13–15 H12–1.
MARANTA H 6in (15cm). Has oval leaves, 4in (10cm)
M. prolifera (Strawberry cactus). Clump-
forming, perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), M. laxa, syn. M. suaveolens, M. tweediana MARANTACEAE long, and in fall milky-white flowers, 11/2in
S 12in (30cm). Green stem bears dense, (Chilean jasmine). Fast-growing, deciduous Genus of evergreen perennials, grown (4cm) long, with short-tailed sepals, singly
golden-yellow to white spines. Produces or semievergreen, woody-stemmed, for their distinctively patterned, colored or up to 3 to a stem. Needs shade in
masses of cream or yellow flowers, 1/2–3/4in twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Oval foliage. Needs constant, high humidity, a summer. H11–6.
(1–2cm) wide, in summer, followed by leaves have heart-shaped bases. Clusters shaded position away from drafts or wind M. wagneriana, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
edible red berries that taste like of fragrant, white flowers are borne in and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
strawberries. Z12–15 H12–10. summer. Z12–15 H12–1. division in spring or summer or by H 3in (8cm). Narrowly oval leaves are 4in
M. rhodantha. Spherical to columnar, M. splendens, syn. Dipladenia splendens, stem cuttings in summer. (10cm) long. Bears pale yellow flowers,
perennial cactus. H and S 2ft (60cm). Green illus. p.460. M. leuconeura (Prayer plant). Z14–15 11/2in (4cm)) long, with long, tail-like
stem, branching from crown with age, M. suaveolens. See M. laxa. H12–1. ‘Erythroneura’, syn. M. sepals, singly or in pairs in summer. Needs 631
is densely covered with brown to yellow M. tweediana. See M. laxa. leuconeura ‘Erythrophylla’ illus. p.475. summer shade. Z14–15 H12–6.
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MATHIASELLA
M. ‘Mammoth Column’. Fast-growing, or whitish throat, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) long, M. betonicifolia of gardens. See
MATHIASELLA upright, bushy biennial or short-lived are produced in summer–fall. Z9–10 H10–9. M. baileyi.
APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE perennial, grown as an annual. H to 21/2ft M. erubescens. See Lophospermum M. cambrica, illus. p.263.
(75cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, erubescens. M. x cookei ‘Old Rose’, illus. p.218.
Genus of one species of perennial, grown
grayish-green leaves and, in summer, Clump forming, long-lived perennial.
for its umbels of bell-shaped, green flowers Maxillaria picta. See Brasiliorchis
scented, 4-petaled flowers, available in H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces
and silvery-blue leaves. Needs sun and picta.
mixed or single colors, in spikes 12–15in numerous pendent, cup-shaped, deep
well-drained soil. Needs good winter Maxillaria porphyrostele. See
(30–38cm) long. Is excellent for cut flowers. pink flowers in late spring and early
drainage. Brasiliorchis porphyrostele.
Z8–9 H9–1. summer. Has basal rosettes of oval–oblong,
M. bupleuroides ‘Green Dream’, illus. Maxillaria tenuifolia. See Maxillariella
M. Park Series. Group of fast-growing, bristly, mid-green leaves. Does not produce
p.242. tenuifolia.
upright, bushy biennials and short-lived viable seed.
perennials, grown as annuals. H and S to M. Fertile Blue Group ‘Lingholm’,
MATTEUCCIA 1ft (30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are MAXILLARIELLA illus. p.218. Clump-forming perennial.
DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ONOCLEACEAE grayish-green. In summer, spikes, 6in ORCHIDACEAE H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). In
(15cm) or more long, of scented, 4-petaled early summer bears clusters of shallow
Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous ferns. See also ORCHIDS.
flowers are borne in a wide range of colors. cup-shaped, sky-blue flowers. Has rosettes
Prefers partial shade and wet soil. Remove M. tenuifolia, syn. Maxillaria tenuifolia.
Z8–9 H9–1. of oblong to oval–lance-shaped, slightly
faded fronds regularly and divide plants Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
M. Ten-week Group. Group of fast- toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. Divide
when crowded. Propagate by division in greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant,
growing, upright, bushy biennials and every 3 years to maintain vigor.
fall or winter. yellow flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, heavily
short-lived perennials, grown as annuals. M. grandis, illus. p.218.
M. orientalis. Deciduous, rhizomatous overlaid with red and with white lips,
H and S to 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, M. Infertile Blue Group ‘Crewdson
fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Produces are borne singly throughout summer.
grayish-green leaves. Scented, 4-petaled Hybrid’, illus. p.218. Clump forming, long-
“shuttlecock” of sterile, arching, broadly Has narrowly oval leaves, 6in (15cm)
flowers, in spikes 6in (15cm) or more long, lived perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 11⁄2–2ft
ovate, divided fronds, to 32in (80cm) long, long. Needs good light in summer.
are produced in a wide range of colors in (45–60cm). In early summer bears clusters
light green when young, becoming darker. Z14–15 H12–6.
summer. Dwarf and “selectable” cultivars of funnel- to cup-shaped, clear deep blue
Fertile, erect, blackish-green fronds are
have double flowers. Z8–9 H9–1. flowers. Has rosettes of oblong, hairy, mid-
produced from center of plant in summer.
Z3–8 H8–1.
M. ‘Trysomic’. Fast-growing, upright, MAYTENUS green leaves, with brownish tinge and
bushy biennial or short-lived perennial, CELASTRACEAE scalloped edges. ‘Slieve Donard’, illus.
M. struthiopteris, illus. p.443.
grown as an annual. H and S to 1ft (30cm). p.218. Clump-forming, long-lived
Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
Lance-shaped leaves are grayish-green. perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 11/2–2ft
MATTHIOLA Spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, of scented,
their neat foliage. Requires sun or partial
(45–60cm). In early summer bears clusters
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Stock mostly double flowers are produced in a of shallow cup-shaped, sky-blue flowers.
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE wide range of colors in summer. Z8–9 Has rosettes of oblong to oval, hairy, mid-
or by suckers in fall or spring.
H9–1. green leaves, with marginal teeth absent
Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials M. boaria, syn. M. chilensis (Mayten).
and evergreen subshrubs. Flowers of Evergreen, bushy-headed tree. H 30ft or very few and tiny. Fertile seed is not
most annual or biennial stocks are highly MATUCANA (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears narrowly oval, produced. Z7–8 H8–7.
scented and excellent for cutting. Needs glossy, dark green leaves on slender M. integrifolia (Yellow Chinese poppy).
CACTACEAE Rosette-forming biennial or short-lived
sun or partial shade and fertile, well- shoots, and tiny, star-shaped, green flowers
drained, ideally lime-rich soil. Tall cultivars Genus of low-growing, spherical to shortly in late spring. Z9–10 H10–9. perennial. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 24in
M may need support. If grown as biennials cylindrical, solitary to clustering perennial M. chilensis. See M. boaria. (60cm). Produces spikes of large, cup-
outdoors, provide cloche protection in cacti, with thick, ribbed stems, often with shaped, pale yellow flowers in late
winter. To produce flowers outdoors the some spines, usually branching from the spring and early summer. Has large, oval–
same summer, sow seed of annuals under base. Solitary, narrowly funnel-shaped MAZUS oblong, hairy, pale green leaves. Z7–8 H8–7.
glass in early spring, or outdoors in mid- yellow, orange or red flowers are produced SCROPHULARIACEAE/PHRYMACEAE M. ‘Jimmy Bayne’ (George Sherriff
spring. Sow seed of perennials under glass around the stem tips in summer. Needs full Genus of creeping, spring-flowering Group), illus. p.218. Rhizomatous, long-
in spring. Propagate subshrubs by semiripe sun and very well-drained, slightly alkaline perennials. Is useful for rock gardens lived perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 11/2–2ft
cuttings in summer. Is prone to aphids, soil. Propagate by seed in spring or and in paving. Needs a sheltered, sunny (45–60cm). In early summer bears clusters
flea beetle, club root, downy mildew and summer. site and moist soil. Propagate by division of shallowly bowl-shaped flowers, deep
botrytis. M. aurantiaca, syn. Oreocereus in spring or by seed in fall. blue or with a purplish tinge. Has rosettes
M. Brompton Group. Fast-growing, aurantiacus. Spherical, perennial cactus. M. reptans, illus. p.351. of oval–lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green
erect, bushy biennial, grown as an annual. H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm). Has leaves edged with rounded teeth.
H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Lance-shaped 15–17-ribbed stem and elongated areoles M. ‘Marit’, illus. p.218. Clump forming,
leaves are grayish-green; long spikes of each bearing up to 30 spines. Produces MECONOPSIS long-lived perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m),
highly scented flowers, in shades of pink, orange-yellow flowers in summer. PAPAVERACEAE S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm)). In early summer bears
red, purple, yellow or white, are borne in M. haynei. Slow-growing, spherical to Genus of perennials, some long-lived, some clusters of cup-shaped, white to pale
summer. Z8–9 H9–1. columnar, perennial cactus. H 24in (60cm), short-lived and others monocarpic (die after creamy-white flowers. Has rosettes of
M. East Lothian Group. Group of fast- S 4in (10cm). Has cylindrical, much-ribbed, flowering), grown for their flowers. Needs oblong to lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green
growing, upright, bushy biennials and grass-green stem densely covered with partial shade and, in warm areas, a cool leaves with regular and neatly toothed
short-lived perennials, grown as annuals. short, white or yellow spines. Produces red, position. Most prefer rich, moist, neutral to edges. Divide every 3 years to maintain
H and S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, orange-brown or purple-crimson flowers acidic soil. M. baileyi and M. Infertile Blue vigor. Seed is not produced.
grayish-green leaves and, in summer, in summer on plants more than 6in (15cm) Group ‘Crewdson Hybrid’ tolerate more M. napaulensis of gardens (Satin poppy),
spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, of scented, high. alkaline soil. Propagate sterile perennial illus. p.218. Clump-forming, short-lived
4-petaled, single or double flowers, in hybrids and perennial species by division in perennial that dies after flowering. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces racemes of
shades of pink, red, purple, yellow or MAURANDYA late summer or early spring, fertile species
white. Z8–9 H9–1. and hybrids (that set viable seed) by seed in nodding, shallowly cup-shaped, yellow, pink,
M. ‘Giant Excelsior’, illus. p.303.
SCROPHULARIACEAE/ red or white flowers in late spring or early
late summer or winter. Division of perennial
M. ‘Giant Imperial’. Fast-growing, PLANTAGINACEAE species and cultivars is advisable every summer. Bears large rosettes of oblong to
erect, bushy biennial, grown as an annual. Genus of twining, woody-based, perennial 3 years. lance-shaped, deeply lobed and cut, hairy,
H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance- climbers, suitable for growing against a M. baileyi, syn. M. betonicifolia (Blue yellowish-green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8.
shaped, grayish-green leaves and long wall or for clothing a trellis. Needs full sun poppy). Clump-forming perennial. H 3–4ft M. quintuplinervia (Harebell poppy).
spikes of highly scented, white to creamy- and moderately fertile, moist but well- (1–1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Bears clusters of Mat-forming perennial. H 12–18in
yellow flowers in summer. Z8–9 H9–1. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring cup-shaped, blue flowers in late spring and (30–45cm), S 12in (30cm). Cup-shaped,
M. incana (Stock). Fast-growing, upright, or by softwood cuttings in late spring. early summer. Oblong, hairy, mid-green nodding, lavender-blue flowers,
bushy biennial or short-lived perennial, M. barclayana, syn. Asarina barclayana. leaves, with heart-shaped bases, are deepening to purple at bases, are borne
grown as an annual. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), Evergreen, soft-stemmed, scandent produced in basal rosettes and in singly on hairy stems in late spring and
S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish- climber, herbaceous in cold climates. decreasing size up flowering stems. Z7–8 early summer above dense mat of large,
green leaves and, in summer, scented, H to 6ft (2m). Has angular, heart-shaped, H8–5. ‘Alba’ (illus. p.218), H 4–5ft (1.2– oblong to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
632 4-petaled, light purple flowers borne in hairless leaves. Trumpet-shaped, white, 1.5m), S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm), has pure white Seed is notoriously difficult to germinate.
spikes, 3–6in (7–15cm) long. Z5–8 H8–5. pink or purple flowers, each with a green flowers in early summer. Z7–8 H8–7.
MENISPERMUM
long, are produced in summer, mainly container specimens freely in summer,

MEDICAGO in bottlebrush-like spikes, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) moderately at other times. Long stems may MELITTIS
Alfafa, Medick long. Z12–15 H12–10. be shortened in early spring. Propagate by Bastard balm
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE M. nesophila, syn. M. nesophylla, illus. seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings in
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
p.133. summer. Red spider mite may be
Genus of annuals, perennials and evergreen Genus of one species of summer-flowering
M. nesophylla. See M. nesophila. troublesome.
shrubs, grown for their flowers. Is good in perennial. Prefers partial shade and
M. quinquenervia. See M. viridiflora var. M. major, illus. p.145.
mild, coastal areas as is very wind-resistant. requires fertile, well-drained soil.
rubriflora.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Cut out Propagate by seed in fall or by division in
dead wood in spring. Propagate shrubs by
M. squarrosa (Scented paper-bark).
MELICA spring or fall.
Evergreen, erect, wiry-stemmed shrub or
semiripe or softwood cuttings in summer GRAMINEAE/POACEAE M. melissophyllum, illus. p.264.
tree. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–12ft (2–4m). Has
or by seed in fall or spring, annuals and
tiny, oval, deep green leaves. Bears spikes, See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
perennials by seed in fall or spring.
M. arborea. Evergreen, bushy, dense
11/2in (4cm) long, of scented flowers, with and SEDGES,. MELOCACTUS
cream stamens, in late spring and summer. M. altissima (Siberian melick). Turk’s cap cactus
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Bears clusters of
M. viridiflora var. rubriflora, syn. Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.
small, pealike, yellow flowers from mid-
M. quinquenervia (Paper-bark tree). H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Slender stems CACTACEAE
spring to late fall or winter, followed by
Strong-growing, evergreen, rounded bear broad, mid-green leaves, rough Genus of spherical, ribbed, perennial
curious, flattened, snail-like, green, then
tree. H 20–40ft (6–12m), S 10–20ft (3–6m). beneath. In summer produces pendent, cacti. On reaching flowering size, usually
brown seed pods. Dark green leaves,
Leaves are elliptic and lustrous. Has tawny spikelets in narrow panicles. Z5–8 6in (15cm) high, stems produce woolly
divided into 3 narrowly triangular leaflets,
peeling, papery, tan-colored bark and, H8–5. ‘Atropurpurea’ illus. p.286. crowns; then stems appear to stop growing
are silky-haired when young. Z7–9 H9–7.
in spring, small, white or creamy-pink while woolly crowns develop into columns.
flowers in bottlebrush-like clusters. MELICYTUS Has funnel-shaped flowers in summer,
MEDINILLA Tolerates waterlogged soil. Z12–15 H12–10.
SYN. HYMENANTHERA followed by elongated or rounded, red,
MELASTOMATACEAE pink or white seed pods. Requires full sun
VIOLACEAE
Genus of evergreen shrubs and scrambling MELASPHAERULA Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
and extremely well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring or summer.
climbers, grown for their flowers and IRIDACEAE grown for their overall appearance and M. actinacanthus. See M. matanzanus.
foliage. Needs partial shade and rich, well-
Genus of one species of spring-flowering ornamental fruits. Requires sun or partial M. bahiensis. Spherical, perennial
drained soil. Water container plants freely
corm, grown mainly for botanical interest. shade and well-drained soil. Water cactus. H and S 6in (15cm). Dull green
when in full growth, moderately at other
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Plant in fall container plants moderately, less in winter. stem bears 10–15 ribs. Produces sturdy,
times. Propagate by greenwood cuttings
and keep watered until after flowering, then Pruning is tolerated, if required. Propagate slightly curved, dark brown spines
in spring or summer. by seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring.
dry off. Propagate by seed or offsets in fall. that become paler with age. Crown
M. magnifica, illus. p.455. M. crassifolius, syn. Hymenanthera
M. graminea. See M. ramosa. bears brown bristles and pink flowers,
M. ramosa, syn. M. graminea. Spring- crassifolia. Evergreen, densely twiggy 1
/2–3/4in (1–2cm) across, in summer.
MEEHANIA flowering corm. H to 24in (60cm), S 4–6in shrub of irregular outline. H and S to 4ft
Z14–15 H12–10.
(10–15cm). Has narrowly sword-shaped, (1.2m). Bears narrowly oval to oblong,
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE M. communis. See M. intortus.
semi-erect leaves in basal fan. Wiry, leathery, mid-green leaves. Tiny, bell-
Genus of perennials often with creeping M. curvispinus, syn. M. oaxacensis.
branched stem bears loose sprays of small, shaped, 5-petaled, yellow flowers, in
stems, grown mainly as groundcover. Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.
pendent, funnel-shaped, yellowish-green spring–summer, are followed by egg-
Prefers full or partial shade and well- H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Green stem
drained but not dry, rich soil. Propagate by
flowers, with pointed petals. shaped, purple fruits. Z9–10 H10–9.
has 15 rounded ribs. Areoles each bear M
M. ramiflorus (Mahoe, Whiteywood).
seed, division or stem cuttings in spring. a straight central spine and curved radial
Evergreen, spreading shrub or tree. H and
M. urticifolia. Trailing, hairy perennial MELASTOMA S 20–30ft (6–10m). Bark is gray-white.
spines. Flat, woolly crown bears deep
with long, creeping, leafy stems and erect MELASTOMATACEAE Bears lance-shaped, bluntly toothed, bright pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across, in summer.
flowering stems. H to 1ft (30cm), S green leaves. Small, rounded, greenish Z14–15 H12–10.
indefinite. Oval to triangular, toothed leaves, flowers are produced in axillary clusters M. intortus, syn. M. communis, illus.
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
4in (10cm) or more long, are on creeping in summer, followed by tiny, violet to p.494.
flowers and foliage. Requires full light or
stems—smaller on flowering stems. Whorls purple-blue berries. Z5–8 H8–5. M. matanzanus, syn. M. actinacanthus.
of fragrant, 2-lipped, purplish-blue flowers, Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 4in
Water container specimens freely when
to 2in (5cm) long, are borne in erect spikes (10cm). Dark green stem has short spines
in late spring. Z5–8 H8–5.
in full growth, moderately at other times. MELINIS and develops a woolly crown about
Pruning is tolerated in late winter,
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE 5 years from seed. In summer produces
Megasea. See Bergenia. if necessary. Propagate by softwood or
see also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across. Z14–15
greenwood cuttings in spring or summer.
AND SEDGES. H12–10.
Red spider mite and whitefly may
MELALEUCA cause problems. M. repens, syn. Rhynchelytrum repens, M. oaxacensis. See M. curvispinus.
MYRTACEAE M. candidum. Evergreen, rounded, Rhynchelytrum roseum. Tuft-forming,
Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer- bristly-stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). annual or short-lived, perennial grass. MENISPERMUM
Bears oval, leathery, bristly leaves. Small, H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Leaves
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for their Moonseed
terminal clusters of fragrant, 5–7-petaled, are mid-green, flat and finely pointed.
flowers and overall appearance. Needs full MENISPERMACEAE
white or pink flowers are produced Produces loose panicles of awned, pink
light and well-drained soil, preferably
profusely in summer. Z9–10 H10–9. spikelets in summer. Z9–10 H10–9. Genus of deciduous, woody or semiwoody,
without much nitrogen. Some species
twining climbers, grown for their fruits
tolerate waterlogged soils. Water container
specimens moderately, less in low MELIA MELIOSMA that each contain a crescent-shaped seed—
temperatures. Propagate by seed in spring hence the common name. Separate male
MELIACEAE MELIOSMACEAE/SABIACEAE and female plants are required in order to
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, obtain fruits. Needs sun and well-drained
M. armillaris (Bracelet honey myrtle). Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
grown for their habit, foliage and flowers, soil. Propagate by seed or suckers in
Evergreen, rounded, wiry-stemmed shrub trees, grown for their foliage, flowers
or tree. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 4–10ft (1.2–3m). and fruits. Is useful for very dry soil and
which, however, do not appear reliably. spring. T The fruits may cause severe
Prefers full sun and deep, fertile, well- discomfort if ingested.
Has needlelike, deep green leaves and, in does well in coastal gardens in mild areas.
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
summer, dense, bottlebrush-like clusters, Requires full sun and well-drained soil. M. canadense (Canada moonseed,
M. oldhamii. See M. pinnata var. oldhamii.
11/4–21/2in (3–6cm) long, each flower Propagate by seed in fall. Yellow parilla). Vigorous, deciduous,
M. pinnata var. oldhamii, syn. M.
consisting of a small brush of M. azedarach, illus. p.71. woody-stemmed, twining climber
oldhamii. Deciduous, sturdy-branched tree,
white stamens. Z12–15 H12–10. upright when young, spreading when spreading by underground suckers. H to
15ft (5m). Produces dense tangle of stems.
M. elliptica, illus. p.137.
MELIANTHUS mature. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Has
Oval to heart-shaped, rounded leaves are
M. hypericifolia. Evergreen, rounded very large, dark green leaves divided into
shrub. H and S 6–15ft (2–5m). Leaves are MELIANTHACEAE 5–13 oval leaflets. Bears large clusters usually 3–7-lobed. Has small, cup-shaped,
oblong to elliptic and mid- to deep green Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, of small, fragrant, star-shaped, white greenish-yellow flowers in summer,
above, paler beneath. Small, red flowers, grown mainly for their foliage. Requires flowers in early summer. Z9–10 H10–9. followed by poisonous, spherical, glossy, 633
with crimson stamens, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Water M. veitchiorum, illus. p.74. blackish fruits. Z5–8 H8–5.
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MENTHA
acidic soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings M. plumbea, syn. Scilla natalensis. Clump- H 6–18in (15–45cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
MENTHA in summer or by seed in fall. forming summer-flowering bulb H12–18in Mainly basal and deeply dissected leaves
Mint M. ciliicalyx var. lasiophylla. See M. (30–45cm) S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has lance- have narrowly linear leaflets. In summer
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ciliicalyx var. purpurea. var. purpurea, shaped, semierect, finely hairy basal leaves produces flattish flower heads consisting of
syn. M. ciliicalyx var. lasiophylla, illus. p.146. with a long spike of up to 100 flatish blue clusters of tiny, white or purplish-white
Genus of perennials, some of which are
flowers, each one 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) flowers. Z10–15 H12–10.
semievergreen, grown for their aromatic
across. Z9–10 H10–9
foliage, which is both decorative and used MERENDERA
as a culinary herb. Plants are invasive, COLCHICACEAE MICHELIA
however, and should be used with caution.
Genus of corms similar to Colchicum
MERYTA MAGNOLIACEAE
Needs sun or partial shade and well-drained ARALIACEAE
but with less showy flowers. Needs sun Genus of evergreen, winter- to summer-
soil. Propagate by division in spring or fall.
and well-drained soil. In cool, damp areas, Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
M. corsica. See M. requienii.
grow in an unheated greenhouse or foliage. Requires full light or partial shade flowers and foliage. Needs full light or
M. x gentilis ‘Variegata’. See M. x gracilis
frame where corms can dry out in summer. and rich, moist but moderately drained partial shade and rich, well-drained,
‘Variegata’. Z6–9 H9–6.
Plant in fall and keep watered through soil. Water container plants freely when in neutral to acidic soil. Water container
M. x gracilis ‘Variegata’, syn. M. x
winter and spring. Propagate by seed or full growth, less at other times. Propagate specimens freely when in full growth, less
gentilis ‘Variegata’ (Ginger mint, Red mint).
offsets in fall. by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in winter. Pruning is seldom necessary.
Spreading perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in
M. bulbocodium. See M. montana. when ripe, in late summer. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
(60cm). Forms a mat of oval, dark green
leaves that are speckled and striped with M. montana, syn. M. bulbocodium. Fall- M. sinclairii, illus. p.451. or by seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring.
yellow, most conspicuously in full sun. flowering corm. H to 2in (5cm), S 2–3in M. doltsopa, syn. Magnolia doltsopa,
(5–8cm). Has narrowly strap-shaped, Mesembryanthemum cordifolium.
Produces stems that carry whorls of small, illus. p.71.
semierect, basal leaves, produced just after See Aptenia cordifolia.
2-lipped, pale mauve flowers in summer. M. figo, syn. Magnolia figo (Banana
upright, broad-petaled, funnel-shaped, rose- Mesembryanthemum criniflorum.
M. x piperita f. citrata (Eau de Cologne shrub). Evergreen tree or rounded shrub.
or purple-lilac flowers emerge. Z6–9 H9–6. See Dorotheanthus bellidiformis.
mint, Lemon mint). Vigorous, spreading H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 11ft (1.5–3.5m) Has
M. robusta. Spring-flowering corm. Mesembryanthemum multiradiatum.
perennial. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 24in oval, glossy, rich green leaves and
H 3in (8cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Narrowly See Lampranthus roseus.
(60cm). Reddish-green stems, bearing banana-scented, maroon-edged, creamy-
terminal spikes of small, 2-lipped, purple lance-shaped, semi-erect, basal leaves are yellow flowers in spring–summer. Z12–15
flowers in summer, arise from a carpet produced at same time as upright, funnel- MESPILUS H12–10.
of oval, slightly toothed, mid-green leaves shaped, pale purplish-pink or white
ROSACEAE
flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) wide, with
that have a scent which is similar to
narrow petals. Z7–9 H9–7. Genus of one species of deciduous tree MICROBIOTA
eau de Cologne. Z3–7 H7–1.
or shrub, grown for its habit, flowers, CUPRESSACEAE
M. requienii, syn. M. corsica (Corsican
foliage and edible fruits. Requires sun or
mint). Semievergreen, mat-forming, MERREMIA partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
See also CONIFERS.
creeping perennial. H to 1/2in (1cm), M. decussata, illus. p.105. Spreading,
CONVOLVULACEAE Propagate species by seed in fall, named
S indefinite. Rounded, bright apple-green shrubby conifer. H 20in (50cm), S 6–10ft
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, forms (for fruit) by budding in late summer.
leaves exude strong peppermint fragrance (2–3m). Flat sprays of scalelike, yellow-
grown for their flowers and fruits. Prefers M. germanica, illus. p.80.
when crushed. Produces tiny, stemless, green leaves turn bronze in winter.
lavender-purple flowers in summer. Is full light and fertile, well-drained soil. Globose, yellow-brown cones have only
suitable for a rock garden. Needs Water moderately when in full growth, METASEQUOIA one seed. Z3–7 H7–1.
M shade and moist soil. Z6–9 H9–6. much less at other times. Provide support.
TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE
M. rotundifolia of gardens. See Thin out congested stems in spring. Microglossa albescens. See Aster
M. suaveolens. Z6–9 H9–5. Propagate by seed in spring. Red spider See also CONIFERS. albescens.
M. suaveolens, syn. M. rotundifolia mite may be a problem. M. glyptostroboides, illus. p.96.
(Apple mint). ‘Variegata’, illus. p.274. M. tuberosa, syn. Ipomoea tuberosa, MICROLEPIA
Operculina tuberosa (Spanish morning METROSIDEROS DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
glory). Fast-growing, evergreen, twining
MENTZELIA climber. H 20ft (6m) or more. Leaves have
Pohutakawa, Rata
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
Starflower 7 radiating lobes. In summer bears funnel- MYRTACEAE evergreen ferns, best grown in pans and
LOASACEAE shaped, yellow flowers, followed by Genus of evergreen, winter-flowering hanging baskets. Requires full or partial
Genus of annuals, perennials and semiwoody, globose, ivory-brown fruits. shrubs, trees and scrambling climbers, shade and moist soil. Remove faded fronds
evergreen shrubs. Requires sun and fertile, Z13–15 H12–10. grown for their flowers, the trees also regularly. Propagate by division in spring
very well-drained soil. Tender species are for their overall appearance and for shade. or by spores in summer.
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained M. speluncae, illus. p.478.
best grown in pots under glass. Propagate MERTENSIA soil. Water container specimens freely
by seed in spring, shrubs also by semiripe
BORAGINACEAE when in full growth, moderately at other
cuttings in summer. MICROMERIA
M. lindleyi, syn. Bartonia aurea (Blazing Genus of perennials, grown for their times. Pruning is tolerated, if necessary.
funnel-shaped flowers. Requires sun or Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
star). Fairly fast-growing, bushy annual.
H 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has fleshy stems partial shade and deep, well-drained soil. cuttings in summer. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
and lance-shaped, toothed leaves. In summer Propagate by division in spring or by seed M. excelsa, syn. M. tomentosa, illus. p.450. shrubs, subshrubs and perennials, suitable
has fragrant, cup-shaped, deep yellow in fall. M. robusta (New Zealand Christmas tree, for rock gardens and banks. Needs sun and
flowers, with conspicuous stamens. H9–1. M. echioides. Clump-forming perennial. Northern rata). Robust, evergreen, rounded well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 6in (15cm). Has tree. H 70–80ft (20–25m) or more, S 30–50ft spring or by softwood cuttings in early
basal rosettes of long, oval, hairy, blue- (10–15m). Oblong to elliptic, leathery leaves summer.
MENYANTHES green leaves. Slender stems bear many are dark green and lustrous. Has large M. juliana. Evergreen or semievergreen,
MENYANTHACEAE open funnel-shaped, dark blue flowers clusters of flowers, which are mostly bushy shrub or subshrub. H and S 12in
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. composed of long, dark red stamens, in (30cm). Produces small, oval, aromatic,
water plants, grown for their foliage and M. maritima, illus. p.356. winter. green leaves pressed close to stems. In
flowers. Prefers an open, sunny position. M. pulmonarioides. See M. virginica. M. tomentosa. See M. excelsa. summer, minute, tubular, bright deep pink
Remove fading flower heads and foliage, M. virginica, syn. M. pulmonarioides, flowers are borne in whorls on upper parts
of stems. Z7–10 H10–7.
and divide overcrowded clumps in spring. illus. p.261.
MEUM
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring.
M. trifoliata, illus. p.434.
MERWILLA MIKANIA
Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE grown for their aromatic leaves. Is useful COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
MENZIESIA Genus of 3 bulbs grown for their spikes of on banks and in wild gardens. Needs sun Genus of evergreen or herbaceous,
ERICACEAE blue flowers in summer. Grows in well- and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed scrambling or twining climbers, shrubs
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for drained soil in full sun or semi-shade. when fresh, in fall. and erect perennials, grown for their
634 their small, urn-shaped flowers. Needs Propagate by division when dormant or by M. athamanticum (Baldmoney, Spignel). foliage and flower heads. Needs partial
partial shade and fertile, moist, peaty, seed in fall. Upright, clump-forming perennial. shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
MONARDA
regularly when in full growth, less at other cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Bears lightly speckled with brown, are borne
times. Stem support is needed. Thin out sprays of white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in late summer. Z7–10 H10–7. MITRARIA
congested growth in spring. Propagate by marked reddish-brown and purple; M. naiandinus, syn. M. ‘Andean Nymph’, GESNERIACEAE
semiripe or softwood cuttings in summer. flowering season varies. Narrowly oval, illus. p.264.
Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
Aphids may be a problem. soft leaves are 4–5in (10–12cm) long. M. ringens, illus. p.441. stemmed, scrambling climber. Requires
M. scandens (Hemp vine). Herbaceous, Requires shade in summer. H11–6. M. ‘Royal Velvet’. Compact perennial, partial shade and peaty, acidic soil.
twining climber. H 10–15ft (3–5m). Oval to often grown as an annual. H 12in (30cm), Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
triangular, mid-green leaves have 2 basal
lobes. Tiny, groundsel-like, pink to purple
MIMOSA S 9in (23cm). Leaves are mid-green. cuttings in summer.
Produces many large, snapdragon-like, M. coccinea, illus. p.193.
flower heads are produced in compact LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE mahogany-red flowers, with mahogany-
clusters in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10. Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials, speckled, gold throats, throughout summer.
shrubs, trees and scrambling climbers, Z6–9 H9–6.
MOLINIA
MILIUM grown for their flowers and foliage. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
M. pudica is usually grown as an annual. Mina. See Ipomoea.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Needs partial shade and fertile, well- and SEDGES.
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES drained soil. Water container specimens MIRABILIS M. altissima. See M. caerulea subsp.
and SEDGES. freely when in full growth, moderately arundinacea.
M. effusum (Wood millet). Z6–9 H9–6. at other times. Propagate by seed in
NYCTAGINACEAE
M. caerulea (Purple moor grass). Z5–9
‘Aureum’ is an evergreen, tuft-forming, spring, shrubs also by semiripe cuttings Genus of summer-flowering annuals and H9–1. subsp. arundinacea, syn.
perennial grass. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). in summer. Red spider mite may be a tuberous perennials. Prefers a sheltered, M. altissima is a tuft-forming, herbaceous,
Has flat, golden-yellow leaves. Produces nuisance. sunny position and fertile, well-drained perennial grass. H 8ft (2.5m), S 2ft (60cm).
open, tiered panicles of greenish-yellow M. pudica, illus. p.457. soil. Lift tubers and store over winter in Has broad, flat, gray-green leaves and
spikelets in summer. Self-seeds readily in frost-free conditions. Propagate by seed spreading panicles of purple spikelets on
a shady site. or division of tubers in early spring. stiff, erect stems in summer. Needs a dry,
MIMULUS sunny position and acidic soil. subsp.
M. jalapa, illus. p.233.
Monkey musk arundinacea ‘Transparent’, illus. p.286.
MILLA SCROPHULARIACEAE/PHRYMACEAE subsp. caerulea ‘Heidebraut’, illus.
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE Genus of annuals, perennials and
MISCANTHUS p.285. subsp. caerulea ‘Variegata’
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE (Variegated purple moor grass), H 2ft (60cm),
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown evergreen shrubs. Small species are
has yellow-striped, mid-green leaves and, in
for their fragrant flowers, each comprising suitable for damp pockets in rock gardens. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
late summer, panicles of purplish spikelets.
a slender tube with 6 spreading, star- Most prefer full sun and wet or moist soil; and SEDGES.
shaped petals at the tip. Needs a sheltered, some such as M. aurantiacus need a dry M. sacchariflorus (Silver banner grass).
sunny position and well-drained soil. Plant site. Propagate perennials by division in Vigorous, herbaceous, slow-spreading, MOLTKIA
in spring. After flowering, lift bulbs and spring, subshrubs by softwood cuttings rhizomatous, perennial grass. H 10ft (3m), BORAGINACEAE
partially dry off for winter. Propagate by in late summer, annuals and all species S indefinite. Hairless, mid-green leaves Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
seed or offsets in spring. by seed in fall or early spring. last into winter, often turning bronze. evergreen subshrubs and perennials,
M. biflora. Summer-flowering bulb. M. ‘Andean Nymph’. See M. naiandinus. Produces open, branched panicles of grown for their funnel-shaped flowers in
H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). M. aurantiacus, syn. M. glutinosus, hairy, purplish-brown spikelets in summer. Prefers sun and well-drained,
Has long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves. Diplacus glutinosus, illus. p.162. summer. Z8–9 H9–8. neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe
Stem bears loose head of 2–6 erect, white M. cupreus ‘Whitecroft Scarlet’. Short- M. sinensis (Eulalia grass, Japanese cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. M
flowers, 11/4–21/2in (3–6cm) across, each lived, spreading perennial. H 8–12in silver grass). var. condensatus M. x intermedia. Evergreen, open, dome-
on a slender stalk to 8in (20cm) long. (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears ‘Cosmopolitan’ illus. p.285. ‘Flamingo’ shaped subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
Z9–10 H10–9. snapdragon-like, scarlet flowers freely illus. p.286. ‘Gracillimus’ illus. p.286. (50cm). Stems are clothed in narrowly
from early to late summer. Has oval, ‘Yakushima Dwarf’ illus. p.285. linear, dark green leaves. Masses of loose
MILTONIA toothed, mid-green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8. ‘Zebrinus’ illus. p.284. spikes of small, open funnel-shaped, bright
M. glutinosus. See M. aurantiacus. blue flowers are borne in summer. Z7–9
ORCHIDACEAE M. guttatus, syn. M. langsdorffii H9–7.
See also ORCHIDS. (Common large monkey flower). MITCHELLA M. petraea. Semievergreen, bushy shrub.
M. candida. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid Spreading, mat-forming perennial. H and Partridgeberry H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Fully hardy.
for a cool or intermediate greenhouse. S 24in (60cm). Snapdragon-like, bright Has long, narrow, hairy leaves. Clusters
RUBIACEAE
H 8in (20cm). Cream-lipped, green- yellow flowers, spotted with reddish-brown of pinkish-purple buds open into funnel-
Genus of evergreen, trailing subshrubs, shaped, violet-blue flowers in summer.
patterned, brown flowers, 2in (5cm) across, on lower lobes, are borne in succession in
grown for their foliage and fruits. Makes Z7–9 H9–7.
are borne in spikes in fall. Has narrowly summer and early fall. Oval, mid-green
excellent groundcover, especially in M. suffruticosa, illus. p.342.
oval leaves, 4–5in (10–12cm) long. Needs leaves are coarsely or sometimes deeply
woodlands, although is sometimes difficult
partial shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. toothed. Z6–9 H9–6.
to establish. Prefers partial shade and rich,
M. clowesii. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid M. x hybridus, illus. p.445.
neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by division
MOLUCCELLA
for an intermediate greenhouse. H 8in M. langsdorffii. See M. guttatus.
of rooted runners in spring or by seed in LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
(20cm). In early summer produces large M. lewisii. Upright perennial. H 24in
fall. Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
spikes of yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide, (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has downy, sticky,
barred with reddish-brown and with M. repens (Partridgeberry). Evergreen, for their flowers, which may be dried
gray leaves that provide an excellent foil for
trailing, mat-forming subshrub. H 2in successfully. Needs sun and rich, very well-
white-and-mauve lips. Has broadly oval snapdragon-like, deep rose-pink flowers
(5cm), S indefinite. Bears small, oval, white- drained soil. Propagate by seed sown under
leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Needs partial borne singly in summer. Z5–8 H8–5.
striped, green leaves with heart-shaped glass in spring, or outdoors in late spring.
shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. M. luteus (Monkey musk, Yellow monkey
bases. In early summer has pairs of tiny, M. laevis, illus. p.316.
flower). Spreading perennial. H and S 12in
fragrant, tubular, white flowers, sometimes
MILTONIOPSIS (30cm). Throughout summer, snapdragon-
purple-tinged, followed by spherical, bright MONARDA
like, occasionally red-spotted, yellow
Pansy orchid red fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden or
flowers are freely produced above hairy, Bee balm
ORCHIDACEAE mid-green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. peat bed. Z4–9 H9–1.
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
See also ORCHIDS. M. Magic Series. Early-flowering
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
M. Anjou gx ‘St. Patrick’, illus. p.467. perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm). In summer MITELLA for their aromatic foliage as well as their
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool produces small, snapdragon-like flowers, Bishop’s cap, Miterwort flowers. Requires sun and moist soil.
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Has sprays of ranging from bright orange, yellow, and Propagate species and cultivars by division
deep crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across, red to more usual pastel shades and
SAXIFRAGACEAE
in spring, species only by seed in spring.
with red and yellow patterns on each lip, bicolors. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Magic Yellow Genus of clump-forming, summer- M. ‘Adam’. Clump-forming perennial.
mainly in summer. Narrowly oval, soft Blotch’ illus. p.322. flowering, slender-stemmed, rhizomatous H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears dense
leaves are 4–5in (10–12cm) long. Needs M. moschatus (Musk). Deciduous, perennials. Requires partial shade and rich, whorls of 2-lipped, cerise flowers
shade in summer. H11–6. prostrate, perennial, bog plant. H 4in moist soil. Propagate by division in spring throughout summer. Oval, usually toothed,
M. Robert Strauss gx ‘Ardingly’, illus. (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has oval, hairy, pale or by seed in fall. mid-green leaves are aromatic and hairy. 635
p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a green leaves. Small, pale yellow flowers, M. breweri, illus. p.371. Z4–9 H9–1.
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MONSTERA
M. ‘Cambridge Scarlet’, illus. p.235.

M. ‘Croftway Pink’, illus. p.233. MORINA MUEHLENBECKIA MUSCARI
M. fistulosa, illus. p.239. MORINACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE POLYGONACEAE Grape hyacinth
M. ‘Prairie Night’. See M. ‘Prärienacht’. HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE.
Genus of evergreen perennials, only one Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
M. ‘Prärienacht’, syn. M. ‘Prairie
species of which is in general cultivation: slender-stemmed, summer-flowering Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, each with
Night’. Clump-forming perennial. H 4ft
this is grown for its thistle-like foliage and shrubs and woody-stemmed, scrambling a cluster of narrowly strap-shaped, basal
(1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Produces dense
its flowers. Protect from drying spring climbers, grown for their foliage. Needs leaves, usually appearing in spring just
whorls of 2-lipped, rich violet-purple
winds. Needs full sun and well-drained, sun or partial shade and well-drained before flowers. Leafless flower stems bear
flowers from mid- to late summer.
preferably sandy soil. Propagate by soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings dense spikes of small flowers, most
Oval, toothed leaves are mid-green.
division directly after flowering or by seed in summer. of which have constricted mouths. Needs
Z4–9 H9–1.
when fresh, in late summer. M. axillaris of gardens. See M. complexa. sun and fairly well-drained soil. Plant in
M. spathacea. See Moraea spathulata.
M. longifolia, illus. p.231. M. complexa, syn. M. axillaris of fall. Propagate by division in late summer
gardens. (Maidenhair vine). Deciduous, or by seed in fall.
MONSTERA MORISIA mound-forming shrub or twining M. armeniacum, illus. p.420. ‘Blue
ARACEAE climber. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 3ft (1m). Spike’ is a spring-flowering bulb. H 6–8in
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE Slender, wiry stems bear variably shaped (15–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces 3–6
Genus of one species of rosetted perennial (oval to fiddle-shaped), dark green long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves.
root climbers, grown for their large
with a long taproot. Is good for rock leaves. Tiny, star-shaped, greenish-white Bears dense spikes of fragrant, bell-shaped,
leaves. Bears insignificant, creamy-
gardens and alpine houses. Needs sun flowers, in mid-summer, are followed by deep blue flowers; constricted mouths
white flowers with hooded spathes
and gritty, well-drained soil. Propagate by small, spherical, waxy, white fruits. have rims of paler blue or white “teeth”.
intermittently. Needs partial shade and
seed in fall or by root cuttings in winter. Z8–10 H10–8. M. aucheri, syn. M. lingulatum, illus.
rich, well-drained soil. Water moderately,
M. hypogaea. See M. monanthos. p.420.
less when temperatures are low. Provide M. monanthos, syn. M. hypogaea, illus. Mulgedium. See Cicerbita. M. azureum, syn. Pseudomuscari
support. If necessary, shorten long stems p.358. azureum, Hyacinthus azureus. Spring-
in spring. Propagate by leaf-bud or stem-
tip cuttings in summer. T All parts
MURRAYA flowering bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in
(5–8cm). Bears 2 or 3 narrow, semi-erect,
except the fruit may cause mild stomach MORUS RUTACEAE
grayish-green, basal leaves, slightly wider
upset when ingested, and contact with Mulberry Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, towards tips. Produces very dense spike
the fruit may irritate skin. MORACEAE grown for their overall appearance. of bell-shaped, pale clear blue flowers;
M. acuminata (Shingle plant). Evergreen, Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their Requires full light or partial shade and mouths have small “teeth” with central,
woody-stemmed, root climber with robust foliage and edible fruits. Tiny flowers are rich, well-drained soil. Water container dark blue stripes. May self-seed freely.
stems. H 10ft (3m) or more. Has lopsided, produced in spring. Requires full sun and plants freely when in full growth, Z5–9 H9–1.
oval, pointed, rich green leaves with heart- fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by moderately at other times. Pruning is M. botryoides (Common grape hyacinth).
shaped base, sometimes cleft into a few softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in tolerated in late winter, if necessary. Spring-flowering bulb. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
large lobes, to 10in (25cm) long. Z14–15 fall. Propagate by seed in spring or by S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears 2–4 narrow,
H12–10. M. alba (White mulberry). Z4–8 H8–1. semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly semierect, basal leaves that widen
M. deliciosa, illus. p.463. ‘Laciniata’ illus. p.88. ‘Pendula’ is a may be troublesome. slightly at tips. Each minute, nearly
deciduous, weeping tree. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft M. exotica. See M. paniculata. spherical, bright blue flower has a
M MORAEA (5m). Rounded, sometimes lobed, glossy, M. paniculata, syn. M. exotica (Orange
jasmine). Evergreen, rounded shrub or
constricted mouth and white-toothed
deep green leaves turn yellow in fall. rim. Z2–8 H8–1. ‘Album’ illus. p.415.
IRIDACEAE tree. H and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Pungently
Edible, oval, fleshy, pink, red or purple M. comosum, syn. Leopoldia comosa
Genus of corms, grown for their short- fruits ripen in summer. aromatic, edible, glossy, rich green leaves (Tassel grape hyacinth). Late spring-
lived, iris-like flowers. Divides into two M. nigra (Black mulberry). Deciduous, are divided into 9 or more oval leaflets. flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm),
groups: winter- and summer-growing round-headed tree. H 40ft (12m), S 50ft Fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers, in S 4–5in (10–12cm). Has up to 5 strap-
species. Winter-growing species need (15m). Heart-shaped, dark green leaves terminal clusters year-round, are followed shaped, semierect, gray-green, basal
full sun and well-drained soil; keep dry turn yellow in fall. Bears edible, oval, by tiny, egg-shaped, red fruits. Z9–11 leaves. Bears loose spike of bell-shaped,
in summer during dormancy and start succulent, dark purplish-red fruits in late H12–9. fertile, brownish-yellow flowers, with tuft
into growth by watering in fall. Summer- summer or early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. of threadlike, sterile, purplish-blue flowers
growers are dormant in winter; grow in
a sheltered, sunny site and well-drained
MUSA at tip. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Monstrosum’. See M.
comosum ‘Plumosum’. ‘Plumosum’, syn.
soil. Propagate winter growers by seed
MUCUNA Banana
M. comosum ‘Monstrosum’ illus. p.419.
in fall, summer growers by seed in LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE MUSACEAE M. latifolium, illus. p.403.
spring. Genus of vigorous, evergreen, twining Genus of evergreen, palmlike, suckering M. lingulatum. See M. aucheri.
M. huttonii, illus. p.393. climbers, grown for their large, pealike perennials, with false stems formed M. macrocarpum, illus. p.421.
M. polystachya. Winter-growing corm. flowers. Needs partial shade and rich, from overlapping leaf sheaths, grown M. neglectum, syn. M. racemosum, illus.
H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears moist but well-drained soil. Water freely for their foliage, flowers and fruits p.420.
long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves. when in full growth, less at other times. (bananas), not all of which are edible. M. pycnantha. See Bellevalia pycnantha.
Stem has a succession of erect, flattish, Needs plenty of space to climb; provide Needs sun or partial shade and rich, M. racemosum. See M. neglectum.
blue or lilac flowers, 3in (8cm) wide, in support. Thin out crowded stems in spring. well-drained soil. Propagate by division
winter–spring. Outer petals each have year-round, by offsets in summer or
central, yellow mark. Z9–10 H10–9.
Propagate by seed in spring or by layering
by suckers after flowering.
MUSSAENDA
in late summer. Whitefly and red spider
M. ramosissima. Late spring- to early mite may cause problems. M. arnoldiana. See Ensete ventricosum. RUBIACEAE
summer-flowering corm. H 20–48in M. bennettii (New Guinea creeper). Fast- M. basjoo, syn. M. japonica, illus. p.219. Genus of evergreen shrubs and scrambling
(50–120cm), S 4in (10cm). Has numerous, growing, evergreen, twining climber. M. coccinea, syn. M. uranoscopus of climbers, grown for their flowers. Requires
semierect, narrowly linear, channeled, H 50–80ft (15–25m). Leaves are divided into garden (Scarlet banana). Evergreen, full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
basal leaves. Bears yellow flowers, with 3 oval leaflets. In summer has pendent palmlike perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 5ft Water freely when in full growth, less at
deeper yellow marks on inner petals, on clusters of pealike, orange-scarlet flowers. (1.5m). Bears oblong to oval, dark green other times. Provide support and thin
many-branched stems. Z11–13 H12–6. Z5–9 H9–5. leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, that are paler out crowded stems in spring. Propagate
M. sisyrinchium, syn. Gynandiris M. deeringiana. See M. pruriens var. below. In summer produces erect spirals by seed in spring or by air-layering in
sisyrinchium, illus. p.419. utilis. of tubular, yellow flowers, enclosed in summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may
M. spathulata, syn. Monarda spathacea. M. pruriens var. utilis, syn. M. red bracts, followed by banana-like, cause problems.
Summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m), deeringiana. Vigorous, evergreen, twining orange-yellow fruits, 2in (5cm) long. M. erythrophylla. Moderately
S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has solitary, long, climber. H 50ft (15m) or more. Has pealike, Z11–12 H12–5. vigorous, evergreen, scrambling climber.
narrow, semi-erect, basal leaf. Tough both green- and red-purple flowers in long, M. ensete. See Ensete ventricosum. H 20–30ft (6–10m). Has broadly oval, bright
flower stem bears a succession of up to pendent clusters in summer–fall. Leaves, M. japonica. See M. basjoo. green leaves and flowers in summer–fall.
5 upward-facing, yellow flowers, 2–3in divided into 3 oval leaflets, are used for M. ornata, illus. p.470. Each flower has greatly enlarged, oval,
636 (5–7cm) wide, with reflexed, outer petals, fodder and green manure. May be short- M. uranoscopus of gardens. See M. bract-like, red sepal, a red tube and yellow
in summer. Z8–10 H10–8. lived. Z14–15 H12–10. coccinea. petal lobes. Z11 H12–7.
NARCISSUS
N
or short-lived perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 6in gardens. Needs sun or partial shade and
MUTISIA (15cm). Lance-shaped, leathery leaves are any fertile, well-drained soil other than a
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE dark green. Bears rounded, bright blue shallow, chalky one. Propagate by semiripe
flowers in summer. Z4–8 H8–1. cuttings in summer.
Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers,
M. palustris. See M. scorpioides. M. africana (African boxwood). Very
grown for their long-lasting flower
heads. Plant with roots in shade and leafy
M. rupicola. See M. alpestris. slow-growing, evergreen, bushy, dense NANDINA
M. scorpioides, syn. M. palustris (Water shrub. H and S 30in (75cm). Small, glossy,
parts in sun, in well-drained soil. Propagate BERBERIDACEAE
forget-me-not). Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Mermaid’ dark green leaves are aromatic and
by seed in spring, by stem cuttings in Genus of one species of evergreen or
illus. p.441. rounded. Tiny, yellowish-brown flowers in
summer or by layering in fall. semievergreen, summer-flowering shrub,
M. Sylva Series, illus. p.313. late spring are followed by spherical, pale
M. decurrens, illus. p.208. grown for its foliage and flowers. Prefers
M. sylvatica ‘White Ball’ is a slow- blue fruits. Z9–10 H10–9.
M. oligodon. Evergreen, tendril climber. a sheltered, sunny site and fertile, well-
growing, short-lived, bushy, compact
H to 5ft (1.5m). Oblong, glossy, green drained but not too dry soil. On established
leaves, 1–11/2in (2.5–3.5cm) long, have
perennial, grown as a biennial. H to 8in MYRTILLOCACTUS plants, prune untidy, old stems to base in
(20cm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves are lance-
sharply toothed margins. In summer–fall CACTACEAE spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
shaped. Sprays of tiny, 5-lobed, pure white
produces long-stalked, daisylike, pink summer.
flowers are produced in early summer. Genus of branching, perennial cacti, grown
flower heads, with yellow centers. Grow N. domestica. Evergreen or
for their ribbed, spiny, blue-green stems.
against a low wall or through a shrub. Myrceugenia apiculata. See Luma semievergreen, upright shrub. H and S 6ft
Bears star-shaped flowers that open at
Z9–10 H10–9. apiculata. (2m). Leaves have narrowly lance-shaped,
night. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in dark green leaflets, purplish-red when
MYOPORUM MYRICA spring or summer. young and in fall–winter. Large panicles of
M. geometrizans, illus. p.489. small, star-shaped, white flowers, with large
MYOPORACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE MYRICACEAE yellow anthers, in mid-summer are followed
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Genus of deciduous and evergreen, usually in warm climates by spherical, red fruits.
grown for their overall appearance and suckering shrubs and trees, suitable as
MYRTUS Z6–11 H12–4. ‘Fire Power’, illus. p.143.
as hedges and windbreaks. Prefers full light Myrtle
screening plants. M. gale is a useful bog
and well-drained soil; will tolerate poor MYRTACEAE
soil. Water container specimens
garden plant. Requires full sun or partial NARCISSUS
shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate by Genus of evergreen shrubs, sometimes Daffodil
moderately. Propagate by seed when ripe layering in spring, by greenwood cuttings treelike, grown for their flowers, fruits and
or in spring or by semiripe cuttings in late AMARYLLIDACEAE
in summer or by seed as soon as ripe. aromatic foliage. At limits of hardiness,
summer. M. gale, illus. p.162. plant against a south- or west-facing wall. Genus of bulbs, grown for their flowers.
M. laetum (Ngaio). Evergreen, rounded Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained Daffodils have usually linear, basal leaves
to upright shrub or tree. H 10–30ft (3–10m), soil. May be pruned in spring. Propagate and a spread of up to 8in (20cm). Each
S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has fleshy, oval, lustrous, MYRIOPHYLLUM by semiripe cuttings in late summer. flower has a trumpet or cup and petals
bright green leaves. Axillary clusters Milfoil (botanically known as perianth segments).
M. apiculata. See Luma apiculata.
of small, bell-shaped, white flowers, HALORAGACEAE M. bullata. See Lophomyrtus bullata. Prefers sun or partial shade and well-
dotted with purple, in spring–summer, are M. chequen. See Luma chequen. drained soil, but Div.8 cultivars (see below)
Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
followed by tiny, narrowly ovoid, pale to M. communis, illus. p.122. subsp. prefer a sunny site and tolerate lighter
water plants, grown for their foliage. Most
deep red-purple fruits. Z11–15 H12–10. tarentina (Dwarf myrtle) is an evergreen, soils. Deadhead flowers and remove the
species are ideal as depositories for fish
M. parvifolium, illus. p.454.
spawn. Requires full sun. Spreads widely; bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Bears small
leaves that are narrowly oval, glossy and
faded foliage in mid-summer. Most
cultivars increase naturally by offsets;
N
keep in check by removing excess growth
MYOSOTIDIUM as required. Propagate by stem cuttings in dark green. Produces fragrant, saucer- dense clumps should be divided no sooner
spring or summer. shaped, white flowers, each with dense than 6 weeks after flowering every 3–5
BORAGINACEAE years. Propagate species by seed when
M. aquaticum, syn. M. proserpinacoides cluster of stamens, from mid-spring to
Genus of one species of evergreen early summer, followed by spherical, white fresh, in late summer or fall. Narcissus
(Diamond milfoil). Deciduous, perennial,
perennial that is suitable for mild, fruits. Is very wind-resistant and good for yellow stripe virus, basal rot, slugs, large
partially or completely submerged water
coastal areas. Prefers partial shade and hedging in a mild area. Z8–9 H9–8. narcissus fly and bulb and stem eelworm
plant. S indefinite. Spreading, finely
moist soil. Seaweed is often recommended M. luma. See Luma apiculata. may cause problems. T Contact with the
divided, blue-green leaves turn reddish in
as a mulch. Is not easy to cultivate, and M. ugni. See Ugni molinae. sap of daffodils may irritate skin or
fall if they surface. Z6–11 H12–6.
once established should not be disturbed. aggravate skin allergies. Horticulturally,
M. hippuroides (Western milfoil).
Propagate by division in spring or by seed Narcissus is split into the following
Deciduous, perennial, spreading,
when ripe, in summer or fall. divisions (see also feature panel pp.404–05).
submerged water plant with thin stems.
M. hortensia, syn. Myosotidium nobile, Div.1 Trumpet—usually solitary flowers
S indefinite. Produces dense mass of small,
illus. p.271. each have a trumpet that is as long as, or
feathery, pale green leaves. Inconspicuous,
greenish-cream flowers are borne from longer than, the petals. Early to late spring-
Myosotidium nobile. See Myosotidium
axils of emergent leaves in summer. Is flowering.
hortensia.
suitable for a cold-water aquarium. Z9–11 Div.2 Large cupped—solitary flowers
H12–10. each have a cup at least one-third the
MYOSOTIS M. proserpinacoides. See M. aquaticum. length of, but shorter than, the petals.
Forget-me-not M. verticillatum, illus. p.443. Spring-flowering.
BORAGINACEAE
Div.3 Small-cupped—flowers are
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, MYRRHIS often borne singly; each has a cup not
grown for their flowers. Most species Sweet Cicely more than one-third the length of the
are good for rock gardens and screes; petals. Spring- or early summer-flowering.
M. scorpioides is best grown as a marginal
Div.4 Double—most have solitary, large,
water plant. Most prefer sun or partial Genus of one species of summer-flowering
fully or semidouble flowers, sometimes
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. perennial. Requires sun or partial shade
scented, with both cup and petals or cup
Propagate by seed in fall. and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
alone replaced by petaloid structures. Some
M. alpestris, syn. M. rupicola, illus. p.356. fall or spring.
have smaller flowers, produced in clusters
M. australis. Short-lived, tuft-forming M. odorata, illus. p.230.
of 4 or more, which are often sweetly
perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 3in (8cm). Has
fragrant. Spring- or early summer-
oval, rough-textured leaves and, in MYRSINE flowering.
summer, tight sprays of open funnel-
shaped, yellow or white flowers. Is good MYRSINACEAE/PRIMULACEAE Div.5 Triandrus—nodding flowers, with
for a scree. Z4–8 H8–1. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, short, sometimes straight-sided cups and
M. caespitosa. See M. laxa subsp. with inconspicuous flowers, grown mainly narrow, reflexed petals, are borne 2–6 per
caespitosa. for their foliage. Also bears decorative stem. Flowers are produced in spring.
M. laxa subsp. caespitosa, syn. M. fruits, to obtain which plants of both sexes Div.6 Cyclamineus—flowers are borne 637
caespitosa. Clump-forming annual must be grown. Is suitable for rock usually 1 or 2 per stem, each with a cup
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NARCISSUS
sometimes flanged and often longer than N. ‘Ambergate’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Mid- flowers have white petals and long, flared, small flowers with milky-white petals and
those of Div.5. Petals are narrow, pointed spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). primrose cups, which fade to lemon, with fairly long, soft primrose cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
and reflexed. Early to mid-spring-flowering. Flowers each have shallow, widely darker rims. Foliage is bluish-green. Is N. ‘Dutch Delight’, Div.2. Vigorous,
Div.7 Jonquil and Apodanthus— expanded, fiery scarlet cup and soft suitable for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. early- or mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in
sweetly scented flowers are borne usually 2 tangerine petals. Z3–9 H9–1. N. bulbocodium (Hoop-petticoat daffodil) (45cm). Has large flowers with bright
or more per stem. Cup is short, sometimes N. ‘Arctic Gold’, Div.1. Mid-spring- Div.13 (illus. p.405). Vigorous, spring- yellow petals and deep, orange-red
flanged; petals are often flat, fairly broad flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Rich golden- flowering bulb. H 3–6in (8–15cm). Flowers trumpets.
and rounded. Spring-flowering. yellow flowers have broad petals and are golden-yellow with conical cups and N. ‘Electrus’, Div.11a. Mid-spring-
well-proportioned, flanged trumpets with narrow, pointed petals. Thrives in moist flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Bears large
Div.8 Tazetta—sweetly fragrant flowers
neatly serrated rims. Is suitable for sod in full sun. Z3–9 H9–1. var. citrinus, flowers with white petals and flattened,
of small-flowered cultivars are borne in
exhibition. Z3–9 H9–1. H 6in (15cm), has slender, dark green leaves green-eyed, pink-orange cups.
clusters of 12 or more per stem; large-
N. assoanus, syn. N. juncifolius, and clear pale lemon flowers. Hybrids of N. ‘Empress of Ireland’, Div.1
flowered cultivars have 3 or 4 flowers per
stem. All have a small, often straight-sided N. requienii Div.13. Mid-spring-flowering this species are in Div.10. (illus. p.404). Mid-spring-flowering bulb.
cup and broad, mostly pointed petals. Late bulb. H 6in (15cm). Is similar to N. jonquilla, N. campernelli. See N. x odorus. H 16in (40cm). Large, robust, milk-white
fall- to mid-spring-flowering. Fall- but has thin, cylindrical leaves and N. ‘Canaliculatus’, Div.8 (illus. p.404). flowers have broad, overlapping petals,
flowering hybrids provide valuable cut rounded, bright clear yellow flowers with Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). reflexed at the apex, and a slightly darker,
flowers; “prepared” bulbs may be grown a sweet, slightly lemony fragrance. Thrives Each stem produces cluster of 4 or more flanged trumpet with a rolled, crenate
in pots for mid-winter flowering. in sunny, gritty soil. Z3–9 H9–1. small, fragrant flowers, with reflexed, white mouth. Z3–9 H9–1.
N. asturiensis, syn. N. minimus of petals and shallow, straight-sided, yellow N. ‘Eystettensis’, syn. N. ‘Capax Plenus’
Div.9 Poeticus—flowers, sometimes
gardens, Div.13. Late winter- or early cup. Z6–10 H10–3. (Queen Anne’s double daffodil) Div.4. Mid-
borne 2 per stem, may be sweetly fragrant.
spring-flowering bulb. H 3in (8cm). Small, N. ‘Canisp’, Div.2. Robust, mid-spring- spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm).
Each has a small, colored cup and
pale yellow flowers have waisted trumpets flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Bears large, Dainty, double flowers are composed of
glistening white petals. Some N. poeticus
and slender petals. Prefers full sun. Z3–9 milky-white flowers, with broad, pointed, soft pale primrose petaloids neatly
hybrids are categorized as Div.3 or 8.
H9–1. overlapping petals, lightly reflexed at apex, arranged in whorls. Z3–9 H9–1.
Late spring- or early summer-flowering.
N. ‘Avalanche’, Div.8 (illus. p.405). Early and slightly darker, flanged, trumpet-like N. ‘February Gold’, Div.6. Early spring-
Div.10 Bulbocodium—flowers usually spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). cup, with rolled, crenate mouth. Z3–9 H9–1. flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). Solitary,
borne singly on very short stems, showing Produces 8 or more sweetly fragrant N. ‘Cantabile’, Div.9. Late spring- long-lasting flowers have clear golden
all the hallmarks of hoop-petticoat daffodils flowers, with white petals and primrose- flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Stiff stems petals and long, flanged, slightly darker
(N. bulbocodium subsp. bulbocodium), yellow cup that scarcely fades. May be bear neat, well-rounded, glistening white trumpets. Is useful for a border and for
with insignificant petals and a flowers, with tiny, red-rimmed, yellow cups naturalizing. Z3–9 H9–1.
forced for mid-winter flowering. Z3–9
disproportionately large, widely flaring
H9–1. and prominent, green eyes. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘February Silver’, Div.6 (illus. p.405).
cup. Winter- to spring-flowering.
N. ‘Avalon’, Div.2. Mid-spring-flowering N. cantabricus (White hoop-petticoat Robust, early spring-flowering bulb.
Div.11 Split-corona—usually solitary bulb. H 14in (35cm). Rounded, bright daffodil) Div.13. Winter-flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). Long-lasting flowers with
flowers that have cups split for more than lemon-yellow flowers have wide, fluted H 6–8in (15–20cm). Milky- or ice-white milky-white petals and long, sturdy,
half their length. In (a), Collar daffodils, the cups that become white with age. flowers have conical trumpets and tiny, nodding trumpets open rich lemon and
overlapping segments of the cup lie against N. ‘Barrett Browning’, Div.3. Early to pointed petals. Thrives in an alpine house age to creamy-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1.
the petals, but in (b), Papillon daffodils, the mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). or greenhouse. Z8–9 H9–8. N. ‘Fortune’, Div.2. Early to mid-spring-
segments of the cup tend to be narrower, Flowers have pure white petals and short, N. ‘Cantatrice’, Div.1. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers
with their tips arranged at the margin of
frilled, orange-red cups. flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have ribbed, dark lemon petals and bold,
N the petals. Most flowers fall into category
(a). Spring-flowering.
N. ‘Bartley’, Div.6 (illus. p.405). Early have pure white petals and slender, milky- flared, copper-orange cups. Is very good
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Long, white trumpets. Z3–9 H9–1. for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1.
Div.12 Miscellaneous—a miscellaneous slender, golden flowers have reflexed petals N. ‘Capax Plenus’. See N. ‘Eystettensis’. N. ‘Foxfire’, Div.2. Mid-spring-flowering
category containing hybrids with varying, and narrow, angled trumpets. Flowers are N. ‘Cassata’, Div.11a (illus. p.405). Mid- bulb. H 14in (35cm). Has very rounded
intermediate flower shapes that cannot be long-lasting. Z3–9 H9–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Cups flowers with white petals. Small, greenish-
satisfactorily classified elsewhere. Fall- to N. ‘Belcanto’, Div.11a. Late spring- are soft primrose and distinctly split into cream cups have small, green eye zone and
spring-flowering. flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers segments with ruffled margins, while petals coral-orange outer rim. Z3–9 H9–1.
Div.13 Daffodils distinguished solely have rounded petals, almost obscured by are broad and milky-white. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Fragrant Breeze’, Div.2 (illus. p.404).
by botanical name—a wide variety of flattened, pale yellow cups. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Charity May’ Div.6 (illus. p.405). Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.
flowers showing the huge range of floral N. x biflorus. See N. x medioluteus. Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (43cm). Fragrant flowers have pure
characteristics of wild daffodils, from the N. ‘Binkie’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Early H 12in (30cm). Small, pale lemon flowers white petals and vase-shaped, apricot-
tiny N. cyclamineus and the sweetly spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). have broad, reflexed petals and slightly yellow cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
scented, many-flowered N. tazetta to the Flowers open pale lemon and cups turn darker cups. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Fragrant Rose’, Div.2. Late-spring-
stately trumpet species. Flower in early fall sulfur-white with ruffled, lemon rims. N. ‘Cheerfulness’ Div.4 (illus. p.404). Mid- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
to early summer. Z3–9 H9–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). have white petals, which become pink
Narcissus generally grow well in Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Birma’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering Long-lasting, small, sweetly scented, fully tinted with age, and conical, green-eyed,
bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers have soft double flowers are borne several to a stem, red-pink cups.
N. ‘Acropolis’, Div.4. Mid- to late spring-
yellow petals and fiery orange cups with with milky-white petals and petaloids N. ‘Gay Kybo’, Div.4. Mid-spring-
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Large,
heavily ruffled rims. Z3–9 H9–1. interspersed with shorter, orange-yellow flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Bears large,
double flowers have white, outer petals
N. ‘Bravoure’, Div.1. Early to mid-spring- ones at center. Is excellent for cut flowers. double flowers with multiple layers of
and petaloids; white, inner petals are
flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Large Z3–9 H9–1. creamy-white petals and shorter, orange
interspersed with shorter, orange-red
flowers have overlapping, white petals N. ‘Cool Crystal’, Div.3. Mid-spring- trumpets.
petaloids. Is suitable for exhibition. Z3–9
H9–1. and unusually slender, only slightly flared, flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has white N. ‘Geranium’, Div.8. Mid- to late-spring-
N. ‘Actaea’, Div.9 (illus. p.404). Late spring- lemon-yellow trumpets, with entire rims. flowers with bowl-shaped, green-eyed cups. flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Stems bear
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Fragrant Z3–9 H9–1. N. cyclamineus, Div.13. Late winter- to up to 6 scented flowers, with white petals
flowers have glistening white petals and N. ‘Bridal Crown’, Div.4 (illus. p.404). early spring-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). and flattened, flared, orange-red cups. Is
shallow, flanged, rich lemon cups with Late spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Slender, nodding, clear gold flowers have excellent for cut flowers, and can be grown
narrow, orange-red rims. Z3–9 H9–1. Long-lasting, small, sweetly scented narrow, reflexed petals and long, slender, for indoor pots.
N. ‘Aircastle’, Div.3 (illus. p.405). Mid- flowers are semidouble, with rounded, flanged, waisted trumpets. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Gold Convention’, Div.2. Mid-spring-
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). milk-white petals and white petaloids N. ‘Daydream’, Div.2. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large
Flowers have white petals that age interspersed with shorter, saffron-orange flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers flowers have rich golden petals and deep
greenish; shallow, flat, lemon-yellow cups ones toward center. Z3–9 H9–1. have green-yellow petals and pale trumpets trumpets in same color.
deepen in color at rim. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Broadway Star’, Div.11b (illus. p.404). that fade to white as they age. N. ‘Golden Ducat’ Div.4 (illus. p.405).
N. ‘Albus Plenus Odoratus’. See N. Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). N. ‘Diversity’, Div.11a. Free-flowering, Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).
poeticus ‘Plenus’. Has white flowers. Expanded segments of mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Produces variable, sometimes poorly
N. ‘Altruist’, Div.3 (illus. p.405). Mid- split cups are flattened against petals; each Flowers have pure white petals and large, formed, double, rich golden flowers. Is
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). has narrow, orange mid-stripe running shallow bowl-shaped, pink-tinted cups. Is suitable for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1.
Flowers have smooth, pale orange petals lengthwise. Z3–9 H9–1. suitable for cut flowers. N. ‘Golden Vale’, Div.1. Mid-spring-
638 and neat, ribbed, shallow, orange-red cup. N. ‘Brunswick’, Div.2. Early spring- N. ‘Dove Wings’, Div.6 (illus. p.404). Mid- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
Z3–9 H9–1. flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Long-lasting spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Has have rich golden-yellow petals and
NARCISSUS
matching, flared trumpets. Is suitable double flowers; broad, incurved, yellow H 16in (40cm). Trumpet-shaped, creamy- bears larger, long-lasting flowers with
for cut flowers. petals are interspersed with short, yellow flowers soon fade to white. Z3–9 strongly swept-back petals and very
N. ‘Grand Primo Citronère’, Div.8. darker ones. H9–1. shallow, crimson-rimmed, greenish-yellow
Late fall- to early spring-flowering bulb. N. ‘Jumblie’, Div.12. Early spring- N. nanus, Div.13. Early spring-flowering cups, in early summer.
H 13in (32cm). Bears 8 or more fragrant flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Bears 2 or 3 bulb. H 5in (12cm). Flowers have twisted, N. ‘Portrush’, Div.3. Late spring- to early
flowers, with milky-white petals and clear long-lasting flowers, with broad, golden creamy petals and sturdy, straight, dull summer-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm).
lemon cups, which fade to cream. Treated petals and sturdy, flanged, orange-yellow yellow trumpets with frilled rim. Leaves are Produces small flowers with green-tinged,
bulbs may be forced for mid-winter cups. Is ideal as a container plant. Z3–9 particularly broad. Is suitable for glistening milky-white petals and small,
flowering. Is good for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. naturalizing. Z3–9 H9–1. shallow, flanged, creamy-white cups with
H9–1. N. juncifolius. See N. assoanus. N. nanus of gardens. See N. minor. bright green eye. Z3–9 H9–1.
N. ‘Grand Soleil d’Or’, Div.8. Late fall- N. ‘Kilworth’, Div.2. Vigorous, late N. obvallaris, syn. N. pseudonarcissus N. ‘Pride of Cornwall’, Div.8. Mid-
to early spring-flowering bulb. H 14in spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). subsp. obvallaris (Tenby daffodil), Div.13. spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Bears
(35cm). Flowers are sweetly scented with Flowers have pointed, milky-white petals Sturdy, early spring-flowering bulb. several large, fragrant flowers, with milky-
dash of lemon. Each has rich golden-yellow and green-eyed, dark reddish-orange cups. H 12in (30cm). Golden-yellow flowers have white petals and arich yellow cups shading
petals and clear tangerine cups. May be Is effective in large groups. Z3–9 H9–1. short petals and broad trumpets, and are to orange-red rim outside. Is excellent for
forced for mid-winter flowering, but N. ‘Kingscourt’, Div.1. Sturdy, mid- borne on stiff stems. Z3–9 H9–1. cut flowers. N. ‘Martha Washington’ and
staking is needed. Is excellent for cut spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). N. x odorus, syn. N. campernelli N. ‘Geranium’ are similar in appearance.
flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. Flowers have broad, rounded, golden- (Campernelle jonquil), Div.13. Robust, mid- Z3–9 H9–1.
N. ‘Hawera’, Div.5 (illus. p.405). Mid- yellow petals and flanged, flared, spring-flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm). N. pseudonarcissus (Lent lily, Wild
spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). richer golden-yellow trumpets. Has usually 2 richly fragrant, dark golden- daffodil), Div.13. Extremely variable, early
Nodding flowers are delicate lemon-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1. yellow flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Rugulosus’, spring-flowering bulb. H 6–12in (15–30cm).
Requires a sunny position. Is suitable for N. ‘Liberty Bells’, Div.5 (illus. p.405). Div.7, H 11in (28cm), is more vigorous and Nodding flowers have overlapping, straw-
a rock garden or alpine bed; also makes a Sturdy, mid-spring-flowering bulb. produces up to 4 small-cupped, rich yellow petals and large, darker yellow
good indoor container plant. Z3–9 H9–1. H 13in (32cm). Paired, nodding flowers golden-yellow flowers. trumpets. Is ideal for naturalizing. Z3–9
N. ‘Highfield Beauty’, Div.8. Mid-spring- are slightly fragrant and clear lemon N. ‘Panache’, Div.1 (illus. p.405). Mid- H9–1. subsp. obvallaris. See N.
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Stem bears yellow. Z3–9 H9–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). obvallaris.
up to 3 slightly scented flowers, with N. ‘Little Beauty’, Div.1. Early-spring- Produces very large, pure white flowers N. pumilus, syn. N. minor, N. minor
butter-yellow petals and slightly darker flowering bulb. H 51/2in (14cm). Small with well-balanced trumpets tinged green subsp. pumilus, Div.13. Early spring-
trumpets. flowers have creamy-white petals and at bases and broad, overlapping petals. flowering bulb. H 6–9in (15–22cm). Bears
N. ‘Home Fires’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Early yellow trumpets. Is suitable for a rock Z3–9 H9–1. bright gold flowers with separated, slightly
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). garden or container. N. ‘Paper White Grandiflorus’, syn. paler petals and large trumpets with lobed
Flowers have pointed, rich lemon petals N. ‘Little Witch’, Div.6. Early to mid- N. ‘Paper White Snowflake’, N. papyraceus and frilled rims. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Plenus’. See
and orange-scarlet cups with lobed and spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). ‘Grandiflorus’, Div.8. Winter- to mid- N. ‘Rip van Winkle’.
frilled rim. Z3–9 H9–1. Produces golden-yellow flowers with spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Has N. ‘Rainbow’, Div.2. Vigorous, mid-
N. ‘Honeybird’, Div.1. Mid-spring- reflexed petals and trumpet-shaped cups. 10 or more long-lived, heavily fragrant, spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large, N. ‘Manley’, Div.4. Early- to mid-spring- star-shaped, glistening white flowers, with White flowers have cups that are broadly
well-proportioned flowers open greenish- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Produces long, spreading petals and small, flanged banded with coppery-pink at rim. Z3–9
yellow. Trumpets gradually fade almost to double flowers with whorls of greenish- cups containing conspicuous, saffron- H9–1.
pure white as they age. Z3–9 H9–1. yellow petals, interspersed with bright yellow stamens. Produces flowers N. ‘Replete’, Div.4. Mid-spring-flowering
N. ‘Ice Follies’, Div.2 (illus. p.404). Early orange trumpets. continuously through winter indoors. bulb. H 16in (40cm). Produces double N
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). N. x medioluteus, syn. N. x biflorus, Z7–9 H9–7. flowers with white petals, interspersed
Flowers have milky-white petals and very Div.13. Mid- to late-spring-flowering bulb. N. ‘Paper White Snowflake’. See with reddish-orange trumpet fragments.
wide, almost flat, primrose-yellow cups, H 16in (40cm). Produces medium-sized, N. ‘Paper White Grandiflorus’. N. requienii. See N. assoanus.
fading to cream. Is excellent for cut flowers. sweetly scented flowers of rounded outline, N. papyraceus ‘Grandiflorus’. See N. ‘Rip van Winkle’, syn. N. pumilus
Z3–9 H9–1. with overlapping, almost pure white petals N. ‘Paper White Grandiflorus’. ‘Plenus’ Div.4. Early spring-flowering bulb.
N. ‘Irene Copeland’, Div.4 (illus. p.405). and small, shallow bowl-shaped, primrose- N. ‘Passionale’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Mid- H 6in (15cm). Shaggy, double flowers have
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). yellow cups. Is usually twin-headed. Z3–9 spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Each densely arranged, flat, tapering, greenish-
Bears large, fully double flowers of neatly H9–1. flower has milky-white petals and long, lemon petals with incurving tips. Z3–9
arranged, milky-white petaloids N. ‘Merlin’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering flanged, apricot-tinged, pink cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
interspersed with shorter, pale creamy- bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers have broad, H9–1. N. ‘Rockall’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
yellow ones. Is excellent for cut flowers. rounded, glistening white petals and N. ‘Pencrebar’, Div.4 (illus. p.405). Mid- bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces neat flowers
Z3–9 H9–1. relatively large, almost flat, rich gold cups, spring-flowering bulb. H 7in (18cm). with overlapping, white petals and shallow,
N. ‘Jack Snipe’, Div.6 (illus. p.405). with small, green eye and broad, lightly Fragrant flowers are small, rounded and ribbed, intense orange-red, bowl-shaped
Sturdy, early to mid-spring-flowering bulb. ruffled, orange-red rim. Is excellent for fully double, often in pairs. Outer petaloids cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
H 9in (23cm). Long-lasting, milky-white exhibition. Z3–9 H9–1. and large, inner ones are pale gold and are N. romieuxii, Div.13. Early spring-
flowers are similar to those of N. ‘Dove N. minimus of gardens. See N. asturiensis. evenly interspersed with darker ones. Z3–9 flowering bulb. H 4in (10cm). Best grown
Wings’, but have narrower petals with N. ‘Minnow’, Div.8. Robust, early to mid- H9–1. in a frame or an alpine house. Is similar to
incurved margins and medium-length cups spring-flowering bulb. H 7in (18cm). Each N. ‘Pipit’, Div.7 (illus. p.405). Mid-spring- N. bulbocodium, but has fragrant flowers
of rich dark lemon-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1. stem bears cluster of 4 or more fragrant flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Bears with large, almost flat, flanged cups of pale
N. ‘Jenny’, Div. 6 (illus. p.405). Early to flowers, with rounded, creamy-yellow up to 3 scented flowers per stem, slightly primrose. Z3–9 H9–1.
mid- spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). petals and lemon-yellow cups. Increases greenish sulfur-yellow on opening. Ruffled, N. rupicola, Div.13. Mid-spring-flowering
Bears long-lasting flowers with milky-white freely and will naturalize in grass. Is flared cups and base of overlapping petals bulb. H 3in (8cm). Has thin, cylindrical,
petals and medium-length, flanged, soft suitable for a rock garden and can be become almost white at maturity. Z3–9 keeled, erect, gray-green leaves and
lemon trumpets that turn creamy-white. grown indoors as a container plant. Z3–9 H9–1. solitary, golden-yellow flowers, with
Z3–9 H9–1. H9–1. N. poeticus (Poet’s narcissus), Div.13. shallow, 6-lobed cups. Z3–9 H9–1. subsp.
N. ‘Jetfire’, Div.6. Free-flowering, early N. minor, syn. N. nanus of gardens, Variable, late spring-flowering bulb. watieri, Div.13, H 4in (10cm), produces
spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). Div.13. Early spring-flowering bulb. H 9–17in (22–42cm). Fragrant flowers have relatively large, fragrant, crystalline-
Flowers have overlapping, reflexed, clear H 8in (20cm). Flowers have slightly glistening white petals and small, shallow, textured, white flowers.
golden-yellow petals and cylindrical, overlapping, soft yellow petals and almost red-rimmed, yellow or orange cups. Is ideal N. ‘Saint Keverne’, Div.11b. Sturdy,
ribbed, vibrant orange cups, slightly straight, darker yellow trumpets with for naturalizing in moist sod although slow early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.
waisted before crenate rim. Z3–9 H9–1. frilled rims. Z3–9 H9–1. subsp. pumilus. to establish. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Flore Pleno’. See H 17in (42cm). Solitary flowers have clear
N. jonquilla (Wild jonquil) Div.13. Mid- See N. pumilus. N. poeticus ‘Plenus’. ‘Plenus’, syn. rich golden-yellow petals and slightly
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). N. minor of gardens. See N. pumilus. N. ‘Albus Plenus Odoratus’, N. poeticus darker cups of almost trumpet proportions.
Richly fragrant flowers are borne in N. ‘Mission Bells’, Div.5. Mid-spring- ‘Flore Pleno’ Div.13 , H 16in (40cm), has Z3–9 H9–1.
cluster of 6 or more; each has tapering, flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Stems bear loosely double, pure white flowers, with N. ‘Saint Patrick’s Day’, Div.2. Early
yellow petals and shallow, dark gold cup. 1–3 flowers with white petals, and inconspicuous, greenish-yellow or orange spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Has semicylindrical, grooved, glossy, matching trumpets with greenish centers. centers, in late spring or early summer. Flowers have broad, flattish, greenish-
dark green leaves. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Flore N. ‘Mount Hood’, Div.1 (illus. p.404). Is good for cut flowers. var. recurvus yellow petals and large cups with dark 639
Pleno’ (Queen Anne’s jonquil) has loosely Vigorous, mid-spring-flowering bulb. (Pheasant’s eye), Div.13, H 17in (42cm), yellow margins.
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NARCISSUS
N. ‘Salome’, Div.2. Early to mid-spring- Produces 3 or 4 long-lasting, large, yellow petals and flared, pale lemon-yellow
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers fragrant flowers, with clear golden-yellow trumpets, which fade to palest sulfur. NEILLIA
have white petals and long, trumpet- petals and large, flanged, rich tangerine Z3–9 H9–1. ROSACEAE
shaped, pink cups, which are slightly frilled cups. Is suitable for cut flowers. Z3–9 N. ‘Waterperry’, Div.7. Mid-spring-
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
with hint of warm gold at edge. Is excellent H9–1. flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Flowers
their graceful habit and profuse clusters
for cut flowers. N. ‘Sweetness’, Div.7. Early spring- have dull creamy-white petals. Lightly
of small flowers. Requires sun or partial
N. ‘Satin Pink’, Div.2. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Sweetly flanged, spreading, primrose cups turn rich
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Each flower fragrant flowers, occasionally borne in buff-yellow, shading to pinkish-apricot
Established plants benefit from having
has broad, ribbed, milk-white petals and pairs, have intense golden-yellow petals rims. Z3–9 H9–1.
some older shoots cut to base after
long, barely flared, flanged, soft buff-pink and darker, wavy-edged cups of strong N. ‘White Lady’, Div.3. Vigorous, mid- to
flowering. Propagate by softwood cuttings
cup of almost trumpet proportions. Z3–9 substance. Is good for cut flowers. Z3–9 late-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
in summer or by suckers in fall.
H9–1. H9–1. Large, scented flowers have spreading,
N. longiracemosa. See N. thibetica.
N. ‘Scarlet Gem’, Div.8. Mid-spring- N. ‘Tahiti’, Div.4 (illus. p.405). Robust, slightly overlapping, pure white petals.
N. sinensis. Deciduous, arching shrub.
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Small, shallow, heavily frilled cups are
H and S 6ft (2m). Has peeling, brown bark
7–8 scented flowers with golden petals Solitary, loosely double flowers have strong primrose-yellow on opening,
and oval, sharply toothed, mid-green
and scarlet or deep orange-red cups. Z3–9 golden petals and petaloids, interspersed becoming more creamy-yellow with
leaves. Bears nodding racemes of small,
H9–1. with short, fiery orange, inner petaloids. maturity. Z3–9 H9–1.
tubular, pinkish-white flowers in late spring
N. ‘Segova’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘White Lion’, Div.4. Mid-spring-
and early summer. Z5–7 H7–5.
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have pure N. tazetta, Div.13. Extremely variable, flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces
N. thibetica, syn. N. longiracemosa, illus.
white petals and small, lemon-yellow cups. late fall- to mid-spring-flowering bulb. double, white flowers interspersed with
p.133.
N. ‘Sempre Avanti’, Div.2. Early to mid- H 12–16in (30–40cm). Bears usually bright yellow.
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). 12 or more fragrant flowers, generally N. ‘White Marvel’, Div.5. Mid-spring-
Flowers have creamy-white petals and with slender, white or yellow petals and flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces NELUMBO
yellow cups. Is good for naturalizing in shallow, white or yellow cups. 2 or more pendent, fragrant, double, white Lotus
grass. Z7–9 H9–1. flowers per stem. NYMPHAEACEAE/NELUMBONACEAE
N. ‘Shepherds Hey’, Div.7. Mid-spring- N. ‘Tête-à-Tête’, Div.12. Early spring- N. ‘Woodland Star’, Div.3. Mid-spring-
flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Produces flowering bulb. H 6–12in (15–30cm). Long- Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large
2 or more fragrant flowers per stem, with lasting flowers have reflexed, rich water plants, grown for their foliage,
flowers have white petals and small, bowl-
overlapping, golden-yellow petals and golden-yellow petals and square, flanged, flowers and seed pods. Needs an open,
shaped, deep red cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
small, fluted cups. warm yellowish-orange cups. Should be sunny position and 24in (60cm) depth
N. ‘Yellow Cheerfulness’, Div.8. Mid-
N. ‘Shining Light’, Div.2. Mid-spring- twin-flowered. Is very susceptible to of water. Remove fading foliage; flowers
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm).
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Well- viruses. Z3–9 H9–1. may be left to develop into decorative seed
Produces multiheaded stems of fragrant,
balanced flowers have smooth, N. ‘Thalia’, Div.5 (illus. p.404). Vigorous, pods. Divide overgrown plants in spring.
pale yellow flowers.
overlapping, clear, pale golden-yellow mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Propagate species by seed in spring,
petals and slightly ribbed, rich orange- Each stem has 3 or more long-lived, milky- selected forms by division in spring.
red cups. Lightly toothed rim is slightly white flowers, with irregularly formed,
NAUTILOCALYX N. lutea (American lotus, Water
darker. Is excellent for exhibition. often propeller-shaped petals and flanged, GESNERIACEAE chinquapin). Vigorous, deciduous,
Z3–9 H9–1. bold cups. Z3–9 H9–1. perennial, marginal water plant. H and
Genus of evergreen, erect, bushy
N. ‘Silver Chimes’, Div.8 (illus. p.407). N. ‘Tresamble’, Div.5. Sturdy, early S 3ft (1m). Rounded, blue-green leaves,
perennials, grown for their flowers and
N N. ‘Sinopel’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). foliage. Requires high humidity, partial
prominently veined beneath, develop on
bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers have pure Each stem bears up to 6 flowers, with sturdy stems, 1–2ft (30–60cm) long. Large,
shade and well-drained soil; avoid
white petals and shallow-bowled, green milky-white petals and flanged, creamy- chalice-shaped, yellow flowers are
waterlogging, especially in winter.
cups edged with deep yellow. white cups that are paler at rim. produced in summer. Z4–11 H12–1.
Propagate by stem cuttings in summer or
N. ‘Sir Winston Churchill’, Div.4 Z3–9 H9–1. N. nucifera, illus. p.438. ‘Alba
by seed, if available, in spring.
(illus. p.405). Mid-spring-flowering bulb. N. ‘Trevithian’, Div.7. Vigorous, early to Grandiflora’ is a vigorous, deciduous,
N. bullatus, syn. N. tessellatus.
H 14in (35cm). Produces fragrant, double, mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). perennial, marginal water plant. H 4–6ft
Evergreen, erect, bushy perennial. H and
white flowers with orange-yellow segments Produces 2 or 3 large, fragrant, rounded, (1.2–1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has very large,
S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly oval, wrinkled
in centers. Z3–9 H9–1. soft primrose flowers, with broad petals rounded, wavy-margined, dark green
leaves, to 9in (23cm) long, are dark green
N. ‘Slim Whitman’, Div.2. Early to mid- and short cups. Z3–9 H9–1. leaves, on sturdy stems, with large,
with bronze sheen above, reddish-green
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). N. triandrus (Angel’s tears), Div.13. fragrant, chalice-shaped, white flowers,
beneath. Clusters of small, tubular, white-
Flowers have ivory-white petals and Early spring-flowering bulb. H 5in (12cm). 9–10in (22–25cm) across, in summer. Z4–11
haired, pale yellow flowers are produced
orange cups with sulfur-yellow rim. Bears nodding, milky-white flowers, H12–3. ‘Alba Striata’ bears white flowers,
in leaf axils mainly in summer. Z14–15
N. ‘Spellbinder’, Div.1 (illus. p.405). with narrow, reflexed petals and fairly 6in (15cm) across, with jagged, red
H12–10.
Early spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). long, straight-sided cups. Is suitable for margins. Z4–11 H12–3. ‘Rosea Plena’
N. lynchii, illus. p.471.
Long-lasting, bright sulfur-yellow flowers a rock garden or as a container plant. produces double, soft pink flowers, to
N. tessellatus. See N. bullatus.
have slender, flanged trumpets, reversing Z3–9 H9–1. 12in (30cm) across. Z4–11 H12–3.
to palest sulfur-white inside, except for N. ‘Tripartite’, Div.11. Mid-spring- Neanthe bella. See Chamaedorea
lobed, rolled-back rim, which is tinged with flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Each stem elegans.
NEMATANTHUS
lemon. Z3–9 H9–1. produces 2–3 lemon and golden-yellow
GESNERIACEAE
N. ‘Spring Pride’, Div.2. Early to mid- flowers, with split trumpets that sit flat NECTAROSCORDUM
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). against petals. Genus of perennials and soft-stemmed,
Flowers have ivory-white petals and yellow N. ‘Trousseau’, Div.1. Early spring- LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers
cups edged with apricot. flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Flowers Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, and foliage. Requires partial shade and
N. ‘Stint’, Div.5. Mid-spring-flowering have milky-white petals and straight, related to Allium and Lilium, grown for rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water
bulb. H 12in (30cm). Produces 2 or more flanged, soft lemon trumpets, with flared, their umbels of bell-shaped flowers container specimens moderately, allowing
pendent, bright yellow flowers with pale lobed rim turning rich creamy-buff tinged and for their seed heads when dried. soil almost to dry out between applications.
lemon-yellow cups. with pale pink. Z3–9 H9–1. Exudes a very strong, onion-like smell Tip prune young plants to stimulate
N. ‘Stratosphere’, Div.7 (illus. p.405). N. ‘Tudor Minstrel’, Div.2. Mid-spring- when bruised. Stems with erect, branching. Propagate by softwood or
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Produces shuttlecock-like seed heads may be dried greenwood cuttings in summer.
(40cm). Bears usually 3 fragrant flowers, flowers with pointed, white petals. for winter decoration. Needs partial N. gregarius, syn. N. radicans, Hypocyrta
with yellow petals and darker golden- Chrome-yellow cups are slender and shade and tolerates any soil that is radicans, illus. p.459.
yellow cups. Is excellent for exhibition. flanged outward. Z3–9 H9–1. neither too dry nor waterlogged. Plant N. radicans. See N. gregarius.
Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Verger’, Div.3. Mid-spring flowering in rough grass or borders. Propagate by N. strigillosus, syn. Hypocyrta strigillosa.
N. ‘Sun Disc’, Div.7. Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have pure freely produced offsets in late summer Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 6–12in
bulb. H 6in (15cm). Produces 2 or more white petals and small, shallow, deep or by seed in fall. (15–30cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Elliptic,
rounded, sweetly scented flowers per stem, orange-red cups. N. dioscoridis. See N. siculum subsp. slightly cupped leaves are clothed in dense
with yellow petals and small, flat cups. N. ‘W.P. Milner’, Div.1. Early spring- bulgaricum. down. Small, tubular, orange or orange-red
640 N. ‘Suzy’, Div.7 (illus. p.405). Robust, flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). Nodding N. siculum subsp. bulgaricum, syn. N. flowers are produced in leaf axils mainly
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). flowers have slender, twisted, light creamy- dioscoridis, illus. p.385. from spring to fall.
NERINE
densely covered with silky, brown hairs. keep rosette centers filled with water N. nervosa. Clump-forming perennial.
NEMESIA Small, star-shaped, yellow flowers are from spring to fall. Propagate by offsets in H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Forms mound
SCROPHULARIACEAE borne in fall. Z8–11 H12–8. spring or summer. of narrowly oblong to lance-shaped,
N. carolinae, syn. Aregelia carolinae, pointed, prominently veined, mid-green
Genus of annuals, perennials and Neolitsia glauca. See Neolitsea sericea.
Nidularium carolinae (Blushing bromeliad). leaves. Dense racemes of small, tubular,
evergreen subshrubs, commonly grown
Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted, pale blue flowers are produced from early
for summer bedding and as greenhouse
plants. Prefers sun and fertile, well-
NEOLLOYDIA epiphytic perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), to mid-summer. Z5–7 H7–5.
S 16–24in (40–60cm). Strap-shaped, finely N. sibirica, syn. N. macrantha,
drained soil. Cut back stems after CACTACEAE
spine-toothed, lustrous, bright green leaves Dracocephalum sibiricum. Erect, leafy
flowering to encourage new buds. Pinch Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial are produced in dense rosettes. Compact perennial. H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm).
out growing shoots of young plants to cacti with dense spines and short tubercles cluster of tubular, blue-purple flowers, Bears long, whorled cymes of blue to
ensure a bushy habit. Propagate by in spirals. Most species are exceptionally surrounded by red bracts, is borne at lavender-blue flowers in mid- and late
seed sown under glass in early spring, difficult to cultivate unless grafted. Needs center of each mature rosette, usually in summer. Leaves are dark green and
or outdoors in late spring. full sun and well-drained soil. Water
summer. Z13–15 H12–1. f. tricolor, syn. aromatic. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Souvenir d’André
N. AMELIE (‘Fleurame’), illus. p.301. sparingly from spring to fall; keep dry in
N. carolinae ‘Tricolor’ has leaves striped Chaudron’. See N. ‘Souvenir d’André
N. Maritana Series MARITANA BLUE winter. Propagate by seed in spring or
with ivory-white, that flush pink with age. Chaudron’.
LAGOON (‘Pengoon’). Rather upright, summer.
‘Tricolor’. See N. carolinae f. tricolor. N. ‘Six Hills Giant’, illus. p.240.
twiggy perennial, grown as an annual. N. conoidea, syn. Mammillaria conoidea,
N. concentrica, illus. p.471. Evergreen, N. ‘Souvenir d’André Chaudron’,
H 14in (35cm), S 24in (60cm). Slightly illus. p.483.
spreading, basal-rosetted, epiphytic syn. N. ‘Blue Beauty’, N. sibirica ‘Souvenir
fragrant, 2-lipped, blue-purple flowers,
3
perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), d’André Chaudron’. Spreading, clump-
/4in (2cm) across, are borne in dense spikes
in summer and fall above lance-shaped,
NEOMARICA S to 28in (70cm). Very broadly strap-shaped forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
to oval, glossy, dark green leaves, with Tubular, blue flowers are borne throughout
slightly scalloped, mid-green leaves. IRIDACEAE
spiny, black teeth and usually with dark summer above oval to lance-shaped,
Prefers moist soil. Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering,
blotches, are borne in dense rosettes. In toothed, gray leaves. Z3–8 H8–1.
N. strumosa. Fast-growing, bushy iris-like, rhizomatous perennials, grown for
summer, compact cluster of tubular, pale
annual. H 8–18in (20–45cm), S 6in (15cm). their clusters of short-lived flowers. Needs
blue flowers, surrounded by pinkish-lilac
Has lance-shaped, serrated, pale partial shade and fertile, moist, preferably
bracts, is produced at center of each
NEPHROLEPIS
green leaves and, in summer, trumpet- rich soil. Water freely in summer; reduce NEPHROLEPIDACEAE/
mature rosette. var. plutonis, syn. N.
shaped, yellow, white or purple water in winter but do not allow plants LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
concentrica ‘Plutonis’ has bracts flushed
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across. Is good for to dry out. Propagate by seed in spring
with red. H11–1. ‘Plutonis’. See N. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
cut flowers. H7–1. Carnival Series, illus. or by division in spring or summer.
concentrica var. plutonis. ferns. Needs partial shade and prefers
p.307. N. caerulea, illus. p.393.
moist soil, but is extremely tolerant of both
N. Sunsatia Series SUNSATIA MANGO
(‘Inupyel’), illus. p.320. NEPENTHES drought and waterlogging. Remove fading
NEOPANAX Monkey cup, Tropical pitcher plant
fronds and divide regularly. Propagate by
ARALIACEAE division in summer or early fall.
NEMOPHILA NEPENTHACEAE N. cordifolia (Ladder fern, Sword fern).
Small genus of evergreen shrubs, grown
HYDROPHYLLACEAE/BORAGINACEAE Genus of evergreen, insectivorous, mostly Semievergreen fern. H 18in (45cm),
for their foliage. Grow in sun or semi-
epiphytic perennials, with leaves adapted S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
Genus of annuals, useful for rock gardens shade in a good, well-drained soil.
to form pendulous, lidded, colored pitchers arching, dark green fronds with rounded,
and for edging. Needs sun or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
or by seed in fall.
that trap and digest insects. Is suitable for finely serrated pinnae. Z9–11 H12–1. N
hanging baskets. Requires a humid N. exaltata, illus. p.478.
seed in spring or early fall. Is prone to N. arboreus (Five fingers). Evergreen,
atmosphere, partial shade and moist, fertile
aphids. round-headed, sturdy-branched tree.
soil with added peat and moss. Propagate
N. insignis. See N. menziesii. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Large, glossy, dark NEPHTHYTIS
by seed in spring or by stem cuttings in
N. maculata, illus. p.299. green leaves are divided into 5 or 7 oblong ARACEAE
spring or summer.
N. menziesii, syn. N. insignis, illus. p.314. leaflets. Produces tiny, honey-scented, green
N. x hookeriana, illus. p.473. Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials,
flowers in summer, followed by rounded,
N. rafflesiana. Evergreen, epiphytic, with horizontal, creeping rhizomes,
NEOBUXBAUMIA purplish-black fruits on female plants.
insectivorous perennial. H 10ft (3m), S 3–4ft grown for their foliage. Requires a humid
N. laetus. Evergreen, round-headed,
CACTACEAE (1–1.2m). Has lance-shaped, dark green atmosphere, partial shade and moist, rich
sturdy-branched tree or shrub. H and
leaves. Greenish-yellow pitchers, to 10in soil. Propagate by division in spring or
Genus of columnar or treelike perennial S 10ft (3m). Has large, long-stalked,
(25cm) long, are mottled purple and brown summer.
cacti with cylindrical stems and usually leathery, dark green leaves divided into
and have spurred lids. Inconspicuous, N. afzelii. Evergreen, creeping,
low-set ribs. Nocturnal flowers, produced 5 or 7 oblong leaflets. Bears tiny, greenish-
green flowers in racemes are produced rhizomatous perennial. H to 30in (75cm),
in summer, are followed by angular fruits, purple flowers, in summer, followed by
intermittently. Z15 H12–10. S indefinite. Has tufts of arrow-shaped,
which open like stars when ripe. Requires rounded, purplish-black fruits on female
lobed, dark green leaves, to 10in (25cm)
sun and poor to moderately fertile, sharply plants in fall.
long. Intermittently bears hooded, greenish
drained, gritty soil. Propagate by seed in NEPETA
Neoporteria chilensis. See Eriosyce spathe, enclosing green spadix, followed by
spring. Catmint
chilensis. spherical, orange fruits. Z14–15 H12–10.
N. euphorbioides, syn. Lemaireocereus LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
Neoporteria litoralis. See Eriosyce N. triphylla of gardens. See Syngonium
euphorbioides, Rooksbya euphorbioides,
subgibbosa. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, podophyllum.
illus. p.494.
Neoporteria mitis. See Eriosyce napina. useful for edging, particularly where they
Neochilenia mitis of gardens. See Neoporteria napina. See Eriosyce can tumble over paving. Needs sun or
NERINE
Eriosyce napina. napina. partial shade and well-drained soil.
Neoporteria nidus. See Eriosyce kunzei. Propagate by division in spring or by stem- AMARYLLIDACEAE
Neoporteria subgibbosa. See Eriosyce tip or softwood cuttings in spring or Genus of bulbs, some of which are
NEOLITSEA summer, species only by seed in fall. Cats semievergreen, grown for their spherical
subgibbosa.
LAURACEAE Neoporteria villosa. See Eriosyce villosa. may be attracted to this plant, rolling on it heads of wavy-petaled, pink to red,
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, and crushing it. Leaves can be dried and occasionally white, flowers. Most flower in
grown for their foliage. In cold areas, needs used in cat toys. fall before leaves appear. Needs full sun
NEOREGELIA N. ‘Blue Beauty’. See N. ‘Souvenir and light, sandy soil. Plant in early fall.
shelter from strong winds; does best
against a south- or west-facing wall. BROMELIACEAE d’André Chaudron’. Dislikes being disturbed. Water until leaves
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile, Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, N. x faassenii, illus. p.270. die down, then dry off. Propagate by seed
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe epiphytic perennials, grown for their N. grandiflora. Neat, erect perennial. when fresh or divide offsets in fall or when
cuttings in late summer. overall appearance. Requires partial shade H 16–32in (40–80cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). leaves have died down. T All parts may
N. sericea, syn. Litsea glauca, Neolitsia and a rooting medium of equal parts rich Has slightly hairy stems, oval, round- cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
glauca. Evergreen, broadly conical, dense soil and sphagnum moss or bark or plastic toothed, light green leaves, with heart- N. ‘Baghdad’. Fall-flowering bulb.
tree or shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). Narrowly chips used for orchid culture. Using soft shaped bases, and, in summer, racemes of H 24in (60cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Leaves
oval, pointed leaves are glossy, mid-green water, water moderately in growing small, hooded, blue flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. are strap-shaped, semierect and basal. 641
above, white beneath and, when young, are season, sparingly at other times, and N. macrantha. See N. sibirica. Has crimson flowers, paler toward centers;
www.ebook777.com
NERIUM
long, narrow petals have recurved tips and summer. Sweet flower scent is strongest white flowers are produced in summer,
crisped margins. Z8–10 H10–8. NERTERA at night. Has long, rough, mid-green leaves followed by inflated, rounded, green, then
N. ‘Blanchefleur’. Fall-flowering bulb. RUBIACEAE that are sticky to touch. Prefers sun. Z10–11 brown seed pods that may be cut and
H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). H11–1. dried. H12–1. ‘Miss Jekyll’, illus. p.315.
Genus of creeping perennials, grown for
Produces strap-shaped, semierect, basal Persian Jewels Series, illus. p.314.
their mass of spherical, beadlike fruits
leaves and tight head of 5–10 pure white
flowers. Upper parts of petals are twisted.
in fall. Makes excellent alpine houseplants. NIDULARIUM
Requires a sheltered, semi-shaded position Bird’s-nest bromeliad NOLANA
Z8–10 H10–8.
and moist but well-drained, gritty, sandy BROMELIACEAE SOLANACEAE
N. bowdenii, illus. p.413. f. alba, illus.
soil. Resents winter wet. Propagate in
p.413. ‘Rowie’ is a fall-flowering bulb. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, Genus of annuals, useful for growing
spring by seed, division or tip cuttings.
H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears umbels epiphytic perennials, grown for their in hot, dry sites and rock gardens and
N. depressa. See N. granadensis.
of soft apricot-pink flowers with recurved overall appearance. Requires partial shade as edging. Needs sun and fertile, well-
N. granadensis, syn. N. depressa, illus.
petal tips. Strap-shaped, semierect, basal and a rooting medium of equal parts rich drained soil. Propagate by seed in
p.373.
leaves persist throughout winter and die soil and sphagnum moss or bark or plastic spring.
down in spring. chips generally used for orchid culture. N. atriplicifolia. See N. paradoxa.
N. ‘Brian Doe’. Fall-flowering bulb. NICANDRA Using soft water, water moderately in N. grandiflora. See N. paradoxa.
H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). SOLANACEAE growing season, sparingly at other times, N. paradoxa, syn. N. atriplicifolia,
Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. and keep centers of rosettes filled with N. grandiflora. Moderately fast-growing,
Genus of one species of annual, grown for
Sturdy, leafless stem bears head of salmon- water from spring to fall. Propagate by prostrate annual. H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).
its short-lived flowers. Needs sun and rich,
pink flowers with reflexed, wavy-margined offsets in spring or summer. Has oval, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
petals. Z8–10 H10–8. N. carolinae. See Neoregelia carolinae. funnel-shaped, purplish-blue flowers, to
spring.
N. ‘Corusca Major’, syn. N. sarniensis N. fulgens (Blushing bromeliad). 2in (5cm) wide, with white-zoned, yellow
N. physalodes (Apple of Peru, Shoo-fly).
var. corusca ‘Major’. Fall-flowering bulb. Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted, throats. Z9–11 H12–1.
Fast-growing, upright, branching annual.
H 24in (60cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Forms epiphytic perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more,
H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm) or more. Has oval, Nolina recurvata. See Beaucarnea
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. S 16–20in (40–50cm). Has dense rosettes
serrated, mid-green leaves. In summer recurvata.
Sturdy stem bears 10–15 scarlet-red of strap-shaped, spiny-toothed, arching,
to early fall produces bell-shaped, white- Nolina tuberculata. See Beaucarnea
flowers with narrow petals. Is good glossy, rich green leaves. Tubular, white-
throated, light violet-blue flowers, 1in recurvata.
for cut flowers. Z8–10 H10–8. and-purple flowers, almost hidden in rosette
(2.5cm) or more wide, that last one day.
N. crispa. See N. undulata. of bright scarlet bracts, are produced mainly
Spherical, green fruits, 2in (5cm) wide, are
N. filifolia. Fall-flowering bulb. H to 10in
surrounded by purple and green calyces.
in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. NOMOCHARIS
(25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has threadlike, N. innocentii. Evergreen, spreading, LILIACEAE
Is thought to repel flies, hence its name.
semierect leaves in basal tuft. Slender stem basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.
H9–1. Genus of bulbs, grown for their lily-like
has pale pink flowers with narrow petals. H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
habit and, in summer, loose spikes of
Z8–10 H10–8. Nicodemia madagascariensis. See dense rosettes of strap-shaped, prickle-
flattish flowers, often conspicuously
N. flexuosa, syn. N. undulata Flexuosa Buddleja madagascariensis. toothed, arching, dark green, sometimes
spotted. Requires partial shade and rich,
Group. Semievergreen, fall-flowering bulb. reddish-green leaves, with reddish-purple
well-drained soil. In summer, keep soil
H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). undersides. Tubular, white flowers,
Bears strap-shaped, semierect, basal
NICOTIANA partially hidden in rosette of bright red
moist but not waterlogged. Remains
leaves and 10–15 pink flowers; each petal
Tobacco plant bracts, are produced mainly in summer.
dormant throughout winter. Propagate
N has deeper pink mid-vein and recurved, SOLANACEAE Z14–15 H12–10.
by seed in winter or spring.
N. mairei. See N. pardanthina.
wavy upper half. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘Alba’ Genus of annuals, perennials that are N. procerum. Evergreen, spreading,
N. nana. See Lilium nanum.
has white flowers. usually grown as annuals, and basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.
N. pardanthina, syn. N. mairei, illus.
N. ‘Fothergillii Major’. Late summer- semievergreen shrubs. Needs sun or H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 20–30in (50–75cm).
p.385.
to early fall-flowering bulb. H 18–24in (45– partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Strap-shaped, spiny-toothed, bright green
N. saluenensis. Summer-flowering bulb.
60cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Leaves are strap- Propagate annuals and perennials by seed leaves are produced in dense rosettes.
H 34in (85cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Leafy
shaped, semierect and basal. Very strong in early spring, shrubs by seed in spring or Clusters of small, tubular, blue flowers
stems bear lance-shaped, scattered leaves.
stem has about 10 bright scarlet-salmon by semiripe cuttings in summer. T Contact are borne in summer. Z14–15 H12–10.
Has loose spike of 2–6 saucer-shaped, white
flowers with recurved petals. Z8–10 H10–8. with the foliage may irritate skin. or pink flowers, with dark purple eyes and
N. masoniorum. Fall-flowering bulb.
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
N. affinis. See N. alata. NIEREMBERGIA purple spots. Z7–9 H9–7.
N. alata, syn. N. affinis, illus. p.231. Cup flower
Produces threadlike, semierect leaves in N. glauca. Semievergreen, upright shrub. Nopalxochia ackermannii. See
basal tuft. Stem bears pink flowers with H and S 8–10ft (2.5–3m). Sturdy, blue-gray SOLANACEAE Disocactus ackermannii.
very crisped petal margins. Z8–10 H10–8. shoots bear narrowly oval, fleshy, blue- Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
N. ‘Nikita’. Fall-flowering bulb. gray leaves. Showy, tubular, bright yellow sometimes grown as annuals, and
H 18in (45cm), S 3in (8cm). Has broadly flowers are produced in summer and early deciduous or semievergreen subshrubs.
NOTHOFAGUS
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Southern beech
fall. Z10–11 H12–1. Prefers sun and moist but well-drained soil.
Sturdy stem bears loose umbels of funnel- N. langsdorffii, illus. p.316. Propagate by division in spring, by semiripe FAGACEAE/NOTHOFAGACEAE
shaped, pale pink flowers with wavy- N. ‘Lime Green’. Upright annual. cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees,
margined, recurved petal tips. H 24in (60cm), S 10in (25cm). Mid-green N. caerulea. See N. linariifolia. grown for their habit, foliage and, in the
N. ‘Orion’, illus. p.413. leaves are spoon-shaped. In late summer N. hippomanica. See N. linariifolia. case of deciduous species, fall color. Has
N. sarniensis, illus. p.414. var. corusca and fall produces racemes of open trumpet- N. linariifolia, syn. N. caerulea, N. inconspicuous flowers in late spring.
‘Major’. See N. ‘Corusca Major’. shaped, greenish-yellow flowers that are hippomanica. ‘Purple Robe’ illus. p.312. Requires sun or partial shade and, because
N. undulata, syn. N. crispa, illus. p.413. fragrant at night. Z10–11 H12–1. N. repens, syn. N. rivularis, illus. p.361. it is not very resistant to strong winds,
Flexuosa Group. See N. flexuosa. N. x sanderae. Nicki Series, N. rivularis. See N. repens. should have the shelter of other trees.
H 15in (38cm), produces fragrant flowers Prefers deep, fertile, moist but well-drained
NERIUM in an extensive color range that includes
NIGELLA soil; is not suitable for shallow, chalky soil.
white, pink, red and purple. ‘Crimson Propagate by seed in fall.
Oleander RANUNCULACEAE
Rock’ Fairly slow-growing, bushy annual. N. x alpina, syn. N. procera, illus. p.64.
APOCYNACEAE H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Oval leaves are Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers, N. antarctica (Antarctic beech, Nirre).
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their mid-green. Evening-scented, trumpet- which are suitable for cutting, and their Deciduous, broadly conical tree, sometimes
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained shaped, bright crimson flowers, to 3in ornamental seed pods. Prefers sun and with several main stems. H 50ft (15m),
soil. Water container plants freely when in (8cm) long, are produced throughout fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead S 30ft (10m). Small, oval, crinkly-edged,
full growth, sparingly at other times. Tip- summer and early fall. Saratoga Series plants to prolong flowering if seed heads glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in
prune young plants to promote branching. (rose), illus. p.305; (white), illus. p.299. are not required. Propagate by seed in fall. Z7–10 H10–7.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe N. sylvestris (Flowering tobacco). spring or early fall. N. betuloides, illus. p.69.
cuttings in summer. T All parts are highly Branching perennial, often grown as N. damascena (Love-in-a-mist). Fast- N. dombeyi, illus. p.68.
toxic if ingested; contact with foliage may an annual. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). growing, upright annual. H 24in (60cm), N. menziesii, illus. p.69.
642 irritate skin. Produces panicles of fragrant, tubular, S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, bright green N. obliqua, illus. p.63.
N. oleander, illus. p.455. white flowers at ends of stems in late leaves. Spurred, many-petaled, blue or N. procera. See N. x alpina.
NYMPHAEA
fountains. Remove fading foliage to strongly flecked, pink petals, above mid- N. ‘Madame Wilfon Gonnère’.
NOTHOLIRION prevent it polluting water. Plants have green leaves. Z10–11 H12–7. Deciduous, perennial water plant with
LILIACEAE tuber-like rhizomes and require dividing N. ‘Firecrest’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). Has mid-
and replanting in spring or early summer perennial water plant with floating leaves. green leaves and, in summer, cup-shaped,
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, related
every 3 or 4 years. Most frost-tender plants S to 4ft (1.2m). Dark green leaves are white flowers, 6in (15cm) across, spotted
to Lilium, grown for their funnel-shaped
may be treated as annuals. May also be suffused with purple. In summer bears with deep rose-pink. Z10–11 H12–7.
flowers. Often produces early leaves, which
propagated by seed or by separating star-shaped, deep pink flowers, 6–8in N. Marliacea Group ‘Albida’ (illus.
may be damaged by spring frosts, so grow
plantlets in spring or early summer. Water (15–20cm) across, with bold, red-tipped p.440) Deciduous, perennial water plant
in a cool greenhouse in areas subject to
lily beetle and China mark moth eat the stamens. Z3–11 H11–1. with floating leaves. S to 6ft (2m). Deep
alternating mild and cold periods in spring.
foliage and can be problems. See also N. ‘Froebelii’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, green leaves have red or purplish-green
Prefers partial shade or sun and rich, well-
feature panel p.440. perennial water plant with floating leaves. undersides. Bears fragrant, cup-shaped,
drained soil. Bulb dies after flowering.
N. ‘Amabilis’. Deciduous, perennial S 3ft (90cm). Has rounded, pale green pure white flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) across,
Propagate in spring or fall by offsets, which
water plant with floating leaves. S 5–7ft leaves, bronzed when young. In summer in summer. Z3–11 H11–1. ‘Chromatella’
take 2–3 years to reach flowering size, or in
(1.5–2.2m). Rounded leaves, reddish-purple produces cup-shaped, later star-shaped, (illus. p.440), has olive-green leaves, heavily
winter or spring by seed.
when young, mature to dark green with burgundy-red flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) mottled with maroon and bronze, and
N. campanulatum, illus. p.386.
red-margined, light green undersides. across, with red stamens. Z3–11 H11–1. canary-yellow flowers. Z3–11 H11–1.
Nothopanax. See Pseudopanax. In summer has star-shaped, pink flowers, N. ‘General Pershing’. Deciduous, N. odorata var. minor (illus. p.440),
Nothoscordum neriniflorum. See 6–7in (15–19cm) across, with light pink tips perennial water plant with floating leaves. Deciduous, perennial water plant with
Caloscordum neriniflorum. and dark yellow stamens. Z3–11 H12–1. S 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). Leaves are rounded, floating leaves. S 3ft (1m). Small, rounded,
Notocactus apricus. See Parodia N. ‘American Star’, illus. p.440. wavy-margined, olive-green and marked soft green leaves have dark red undersides.
concinna. Deciduous, perennial water plant with with purple. In summer bears highly Produces fragrant, star-shaped, white
Notocactus haselbergii. See Parodia floating leaves. S to 4ft (1.2m). Young leaves fragrant, cup-shaped, later flat, lavender- flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer. Z3–11
haselbergii subsp. haselbergii. are purplish-green or bronze, maturing pink flowers, 8–11in (20–27cm) across, H11–1. ‘Sulphurea Grandiflora’, syn.
Notocactus leninghausii. See Parodia to bright green. Star-shaped flowers, with yellow stamens. Z10–11 H12–7. N. ‘Odorata Sulphurea Grandiflora’
leninghausii. 4in (10cm) across, are deep pink and are N. ‘Gladstoneana’. Deciduous, perennial has dark green leaves, heavily mottled
Notocactus mammulosus. See Parodia held above water throughout summer. water plant with floating leaves. S to 10ft with maroon, and star-shaped, yellow
mammulosa. Z3–11 H11–1. (3m). Leaves are mid-green. Star-shaped, flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across. Z2–10
Notocactus ottonis. See Parodia ottonis. N. ‘Attraction’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, white flowers, 6–12in (15–30cm) across, H12–1.
Notocactus rutilans. See Parodia perennial water plant with floating leaves. are produced in summer. Z3–11 H12–1. N. ‘Odorata Sulphurea Grandiflora’.
mueller-melchersii. S to 6ft (2m). Has dark green leaves. In N. ‘Gonnère’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, See N. odorata ‘Sulphurea Grandiflora’.
Notocactus scopa. See Parodia scopa. summer bears cup-shaped, white-flecked, perennial water plant with floating leaves. N. ‘Pink Sensation’. Deciduous,
Notospartium carmichaeliae. See garnet-red flowers, 6in (15cm) across. S to 5ft (1.5m). Has bright pea-green leaves perennial water plant with floating leaves.
Carmichaelia carmichaeliae. Z3–11 H11–1. and, in summer, rounded, white flowers, S 4ft (1.2m). In summer bears cup-shaped,
N. ‘Aurora’. Deciduous, perennial water 6–8in (15–20cm) across. Z3–11 H12–1. later star-shaped, pink flowers, 5–6in
plant with floating leaves. S to 30in (75cm). N. ‘Green Smoke’. Deciduous, perennial (12–15cm) across, with yellow inner
NUPHAR Olive-green leaves are mottled with purple. water plant with floating leaves. S to 6ft stamens and pink outer stamens. Has
Spatterdock, Yellow pond lily In summer has star-shaped flowers, (2m). Bronze-green leaves have bronze rounded, mid-green leaves, purple-green
NYMPHAEACEAE 2in (5cm) across, cream in bud, opening speckling. Star-shaped flowers, 4–8in when young. Z3–11 H12–1.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water to yellow, then passing through orange (10–20cm) across, are chartreuse, shading N. pygmaea. See N. tetragona. ‘Helvola’.
plants, grown for their floating foliage and to blood-red. Is suitable for a small- to to blue. Z10–11 H12–7. See N. ‘Helvola’. N
spherical flowers. Needs sun and running medium-sized pool. Z10–11 H12–7. N. ‘Helvola’, syn. N. pygmaea ‘Helvola’, N. ‘Pygmaea Rubra’. Deciduous,
or still water; is often grown for a water-lily N. ‘Black Princess’, illus. p.440. N. tetragona ‘Helvola’, illus. p.440. perennial water plant with floating leaves.
effect in conditions where true water lilies Deciduous, perennial water plant with Deciduous, perennial water plant with S 2ft (60cm). Small, reddish-green young
would not thrive. Remove fading foliage floating leaves. S 4ft (1.2m). Rounded, red- floating leaves. S to 18in (45cm). Has small, leaves mature to purplish-green. Produces
and flowers, and divide crowded plants. bronze leaves mature to dark green. In olive-green leaves with heavy purple or cup-shaped, blood-red flowers, 2in (5cm)
Propagate by division in spring. summer produces cup-shaped, very dark brown mottling. Produces star-shaped, across, in summer.
N. advena (Common spatterdock). blackish-purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, yellow flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–4cm) across, N. ‘Ray Davies’. Deciduous, perennial
Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant. with dark orange stamens. in summer. water plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft
S 4ft (1.2m). Has broadly oval, floating, mid- N. ‘Blue Beauty’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, N. ‘James Brydon’, illus. p.440. (1.5m). In summer produces peony-shaped,
green leaves; central ones are occasionally perennial water plant with floating leaves. Deciduous, perennial water plant with light pink flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) across,
erect. Small, purple-tinged, yellow flowers S to 8ft (2.5m). Leaves are brown-freckled, floating leaves. S to 8ft (2.5m). Fragrant, slightly yellow in center, above rounded,
in summer are followed by ovoid to flask- dark green above, purplish-green beneath. peony-shaped, orange-suffused, crimson deep green leaves. Z10–11 H12–7.
shaped fruits. Z6–11 H12–6. Fragrant, rounded, deep blue flowers, to flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) across, are borne N. ‘Red Flare’. Deciduous, perennial
N. lutea, illus. p.444. 12in (30cm) across, are produced in in summer above glossy, dark green leaves. water plant with floating leaves. S 5–6ft
summer. Z10–11 H11–7. Z3–11 H11–1. (1.5–1.8m). Leaves are rounded, strongly
Nuttallia. See Oemleria. N. capensis (Cape blue waterlily). N. ‘Laydekeri Fulgens’. See N. ‘Fulgens’ toothed and reddish-green. In summer
Deciduous, perennial water plant with Laydekeri Group. bears night-blooming, flat, dark red
NYMANIA floating leaves. S to 6ft (2m). Large, mid- N. Laydekeri Group ‘Fulgens’, syn. N. flowers, 7–10in (17–25cm) across, with light
green leaves are often splashed with purple ‘Laydekeri Fulgens’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, pink or yellowish stamens. Z10–11 H12–7.
AITONIACEAE/MELIACEAE beneath. Star-shaped, bright blue flowers, perennial water plant with floating leaves. N. ‘Rose Arey’, illus. p.440. Deciduous,
Genus of one species of evergreen, spring- 6–8in (15–20cm) across, are borne in S to 3ft (1m). Dark green leaves have perennial water plant with floating leaves.
flowering shrub, grown for its flowers and summer. Z10–11 H12–7. purplish-green undersides. Star-shaped, S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are purple when
fruits. Needs full light and fertile, well- N. ‘Emily Grant Hutchings’. Deciduous, bright crimson flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) young, maturing to reddish-green. In
drained soil. Water container specimens perennial water plant with floating leaves. across, are borne in summer. Z3–11 H11–1. summer bears star-shaped, deep rose-pink
moderately when in full growth, less at S to 4ft (1.2m). Has small, green leaves N. ‘Lemon Chiffon’, illus. p.440. flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, that pale
other times. Propagate by seed in spring overlaid with bronze-crimson. Cup-shaped, Deciduous, perennial water plant with with age and have strong aniseed
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. pinkish-red flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) floating leaves. S 6ft (2m). Rounded, mid- fragrance. Z3–11 H11–1.
N. capensis, illus. p.456. across, open during night in summer. green leaves, red spotted underneath, are N. ‘Saint Louis’. Deciduous, perennial
Z10–11 H12–7. strongly splashed with bronze. Produces water plant with floating leaves. S to 6ft
NYMPHAEA N. ‘Escarboucle’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, spherical, pale lemon flowers, 6in (15cm) (2m). Bright green leaves are spotted with
perennial water plant with floating leaves. across, in summer. brown when young. Produces open, star-
Waterlily
S to 10ft (3m). Leaves are dark green. In N. ‘Lucidia’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, shaped, bright yellow flowers, 6–10in (15–
NYMPHAEACEAE summer has cup-shaped, deep crimson perennial water plant with floating leaves. 25cm) across, in summer. Z10–11 H12–7.
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering, flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, with S 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). Has broadly ovate, mid- N. ‘Sunrise’, illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plants, grown for their bright golden-yellow centers. Z3–11 H12–1. green leaves. Star-shaped flowers, 5–6in perennial water plant with floating leaves.
floating, usually rounded leaves and N. ‘Fabiola’. Deciduous, perennial water (12–15cm) across, with red inner petals, S to 6ft (2m). Mid-green leaves have downy
brightly colored flowers. Needs an open, plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). In pink-veined, whitish- pink outer petals and stalks and undersides. Bears star-shaped,
sunny position and still water; they are not summer produces fragrant, peony-shaped yellow stamens, are produced in summer. yellow flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, in 643
suitable for streams, or positions close to flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) across, with Z3–11 H11–1. summer. Z3–11 H11–1.
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NYMPHOIDES
O
N. tetragona, syn. N. pygmaea. Z3–11 restrict growth, remove suckers and cut O. europaea (Olive). Slow-growing,
H12–1. ‘Alba’ (illus. p.440) is a deciduous, old shoots back or down to base in late evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 30ft
perennial water plant with floating leaves. winter. Propagate by suckers in fall. (10m). Is very long-lived. Narrowly oblong
S to 12in (30cm). Has small, dark green O. cerasiformis (Indian plum, Oregon leaves are gray-green above, silvery
leaves, purplish-green beneath, and, in plum, Oso berry). Deciduous, upright, then beneath. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers,
summer, star-shaped, white flowers,
3
OCHNA arching shrub that forms dense thickets. borne in short racemes in late summer, are
⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) across. Z3–11 H11–1. Bird’s eye bush H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are followed by edible, oval, green, later purple
‘Helvola’. See N. ‘Helvola’. narrowly oval and dark blue-green. Has fruits. Z8–10 H10–8.
OCHNACEAE
N. ‘Virginia’. Deciduous, perennial water nodding clusters of small, fragrant, bell-
plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). Genus of mainly evergreen trees and shaped, white flowers in early spring,
Produces purplish-green leaves and, in shrubs, grown mostly for their flowers followed by small, plum-shaped, purple
OLEARIA
summer, star-shaped, white flowers, 4–6in and fruits. Prefers full light and well- Daisy bush
(10–15cm) across. Z3–11 H12–1. drained soil. Water container specimens COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
N. ‘Wood’s White Knight’. Deciduous, moderately, less when not in full growth.
perennial water plant with floating leaves. Prune, if necessary, in early spring. OENOTHERA Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and daisylike
S to 6ft (2m). Leaves are mid-green, Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe Evening primrose, Sundrops
flower heads. In mild, coastal areas,
dappled with darker green beneath. In cuttings in summer. ONAGRACEAE provides good, very wind-resistant
summer produces star-shaped, creamy- O. multiflora. See O. serrulata. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, shelter. Needs full sun and well-drained
white flowers, 4–8in (10–20cm) across, with O. serratifolia of gardens. See grown for their profuse but short-lived soil. Cut out dead wood in spring.
prominent, gold stamens, which open at O. serrulata. flowers in summer. Needs full sun and well- Propagate by semiripe cuttings
night. Z10–11 H12–7. O. serrulata, syn. O. multiflora, drained, sandy soil. Propagate by seed in summer.
O. serratifolia of gardens (Mickey Mouse or division in fall or spring or by softwood O. albida of gardens. See O. ‘Talbot de
plant). Evergreen, irregularly rounded,
NYMPHOIDES twiggy shrub that is semievergreen in low
cuttings in late spring. Malahide’.
Floating heart O. acaulis. Tuft-forming perennial. O. avicenniifolia. Evergreen, rounded,
temperatures. H to 6ft (2m), S 3–6ft (1–2m)
H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oblong dense shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Oval
MENYANTHACEAE or more. Leaves are narrowly elliptic,
to oval, deeply toothed or lobed leaves. to lance-shaped, dark gray-green leaves
Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water toothed and glossy. Has 5-petaled, bright
Cup-shaped, white flowers, turning pink, are white beneath. Bears wide heads of
plants, with floating foliage, grown for yellow flowers in spring–summer, followed
open at sunset in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. fragrant, white flowers in late summer
their flowers. Requires an open, sunny by shuttlecock-shaped, red fruits, each
O. caespitosa. Clump-forming, stemless and early fall.
position. Propagate by division in spring with 1–5 berry-like seeds clustered on top.
perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). Has O. x haastii, illus. p.130.
or summer. Z11 H12–9.
narrowly oval, entire or toothed, mid-green O. ‘Henry Travers’, syn. O. semidentata.
N. peltata, syn. Limnanthemum leaves. Flowers, opening at sunset in Evergreen, rounded, compact shrub.
nymphoides, Villarsia nymphoides, illus. x ODONTIODA summer, are fragrant, cup-shaped and H and S 10ft (3m). Has white shoots and
p.444. white, becoming pink with age. Is suitable narrowly lance-shaped, leathery, gray-
ORCHIDACEAE
for a rock garden. Z4–8 H8–1. green leaves. Large heads of purple-
See also ORCHIDS.
NYSSA O. Mount Bingham gx. See Oncidium
O. fraseri. See O. fruticosa subsp. glauca. centered, lilac flowers are borne from
Tupelo O. fruticosa (Sundrops). subsp. glauca, early to mid-summer.
Mount Bingham.
syn. O. fraseri, O. glauca, O. tetragona is O. ilicifolia, illus. p.130. Evergreen, bushy,
NYSSACEAE x O. Pacific Gold gx. See x Oncostele
a clump-forming perennial. H 18–24in (45– dense shrub.H and S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
N Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their Pacific Mystery gx.
O. Petit Port gx. See Oncidium Petit Port.
60cm), S 18in (45cm). Dense spikes of oblong, rigid leaves are sharply toothed,
foliage and fall color. Needs sun or partial fragrant, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers gray-green and musk-scented. Fragrant,
shade and moist, neutral to acidic soil. are produced from mid- to late summer. white flower heads are borne in clusters
x Odontocidium Artur Elle gx
Does best in hot summers. Resents being Leaves, borne on reddish-green stems, are in early summer.
‘Columbian’. See Oncidium Artur Elle gx
transplanted. Propagate by softwood narrowly oval to lance-shaped and glossy,
‘Colombien’. O. lacunosa. Evergreen, upright, dense
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
x Odontocidium Tiger Hambuhren gx. mid-green. ‘Fyrverkeri’, syn. O. fruticosa shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
N. sinensis, illus. p.77. ‘Fireworks’ illus. p.275. ‘Fireworks’. See
See Oncidium Tiger Hambuhren. oblong, pointed, rigid leaves have rust-
N. sylvatica, illus. p.66.
x Odontocidium Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’. O. fruticosa ‘Fyrverkeri’. brown hairs when young and mature
See Oncidium Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’. O. glauca. See O. fruticosa subsp. glauca. to glossy, dark green with central, white
Odontoglossum bictoniense. See O. macrocarpa, syn. O. missouriensis, veins. Produces white flower heads
Rhynchostele bictoniensis. illus. p.372. only rarely.
Odontoglossum Buttercrisp gx. See O. missouriensis. See O. macrocarpa. O. macrodonta, illus. p.132. Vigorous,
Oncidium Julie Barbara Good gx. O. perennis, syn. O. pumila (Sundrops). evergreen, upright shrub, often treelike.
Odontoglossum cervantesii. See Clump-forming perennial. H 6–24in (15– H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has holly-shaped,
Rhynchostele cervantesii. 60cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer, loose sharply toothed, gray-green leaves, silvery-
Odontoglossum cordatum. See spikes of nodding buds open to fragrant, white beneath. Large heads of fragrant,
Rhynchostele cordatum. funnel-shaped, yellow flowers above spoon- white flowers are borne in early summer.
Odontoglossum crispum. See Oncidium shaped, mid-green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. O. x mollis. Evergreen, rounded, dense
alexandrae. O. pumila. See O. perennis. shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval,
Odontoglossum Eric Young gx. See O. speciosa (White evening primrose). wavy-edged, silvery-gray leaves. Large
Oncidium Eric Young gx. Often short-lived, clump-forming perennial heads of small, white flowers are borne
Odontoglossum grande. See with running rhizomes. H 18in (45cm), profusely in late spring. ‘Zennorensis’,
Rossioglossum grande. S 12in (30cm) or more. In summer bears H and S 6ft (2m), has narrowly oblong
Odontoglossum Le Nez Point gx. spikes of fragrant, saucer-shaped, green- leaves.
See Oncidium Le Nez Point gx. centered, pure white flowers that age to O. nummulariifolia, illus. p.128.
Odontoglossum rossii. See pink and open flat. Leaves are narrowly O. phlogopappa. Evergreen, upright,
Rhynchostele rossii. spoon-shaped, deeply cut and mid-green. compact shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has
Odontoglossum Royal Occasion gx. Z5–8 H8–1. oblong, wavy-edged, gray-green leaves.
See Oncidium Royal Occasion. O. tetragona. See O. fruticosa subsp. Massed, white flower heads are produced
glauca. in late spring. Z12–15 H12–8. var.
subrepanda, illus. p.149.
OEMLERIA O. x scilloniensis. Evergreen, upright,
SYN. NUTTALLIA, OSMARONIA OLEA
then rounded, dense shrub. H and S 6ft
ROSACEAE Olive
(2m). Narrowly oblong, wavy-edged, gray-
Genus of one species of deciduous, early OLEACEAE green leaves set off masses of white flower
spring-flowering shrub, grown for its Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their heads in late spring.
fragrant flowers and decorative fruits. foliage and edible fruits. Needs full sun O. semidentata of gardens. See O. ‘Henry
Separate male and female plants are and deep, fertile, very well-drained soil. Travers’.
644 needed in order to obtain fruits. Prefers Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer O. ‘Talbot de Malahide’, syn. O. albida.
sun or partial shade and moist soil. To or by seed in fall. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m),
ONOSMA
S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves are O. Petit Port, syn. x Odontioda Petit Port spikes of yellow-striped and -marked,
silvery beneath. Bears broad heads of ONCIDIUM gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool rich chocolate-brown flowers, 3in (7cm)
fragrant, white flowers in late summer. Is ORCHIDACEAE greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears spikes across; flowering season varies. Leaves are
excellent for an exposed, coastal garden. of rich red flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with narrowly oval and 4–6in (10–15cm) long.
See also ORCHIDS.
Z9–10 H10–9. pink-and-yellow-marked lip; flowering Grow in shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
O. alexandrae, syn. Odontoglossum
O. virgata, illus. p.112. season varies. Narrowly oval leaves are
crispum, illus. p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic
4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs shade in
Oliveranthus elegans. See Echeveria orchid for a cool greenhouse or
summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
ONIXOTIS
harmsii. conservatory. H 6in (15cm). Bears long SYN. DIPIDAX
O. Royal Occasion, syn. Odontoglossum
sprays of rounded flowers, 3in (8cm) LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE
Royal Occasion gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
across, white or spotted or flushed with
OLSYNIUM pink, each with red-and-yellow-marked lip;
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Genus of spring-flowering corms,
Has spikes of white flowers, 3in (8cm) cultivated mainly for botanical interest.
IRIDACEAE flowering season varies. Has narrowly oval
across, with deep yellow markings in Requires sun and well-drained soil. Plant
leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Requires
Genus of fibrous-rooted, clump-forming centers of lips, in fall–winter. Leaves are corms in early fall and keep them watered
shade in summer. Z13–15 H12–6.
perennials, grown for their nodding, narrowly oval and 4–6in (10–15cm) long. until after flowering. Dry off in summer.
O. Artur Elle gx ‘Colombien’, syn. x
trumpet- to bell-shaped flowers in spring. Needs shade in summer. Z13–15 H12–6. Propagate by seed in fall.
Odontocidium Artur Elle gx ‘Columbian’,
Requires partial shade and rich, moderately O. sotoanum, illus. p.466. Evergreen, O. triquetra, syn. Dipidax triquetrum.
illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
fertile, moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall. epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. Spring-flowering corm. H 8–12in
a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Produces
Young plants take 2 or 3 years to flower. H 6in (15cm). Dense, arching sprays of very (20–30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Long, narrow
tall spikes of pale yellow flowers, 21/2in
O. biflorum, syn. Phaiophleps biflora, fragrant, rose-lilac flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) leaves are semierect and basal. Produces
(6cm) across, with intricate, brown
Sisyrinchium odoratissimum. Clump- across, with yellow highlight, are borne a spike of flattish, star-shaped, white
patterns; flowering season varies. Has
forming, spring- to summer-flowering, freely in fall. Has narrowly oval leaves, flowers, each narrow petal having basal,
narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long.
rhizomatous perennial. H 10–14in Requires shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
4in (10cm) long. Requires partial shade in red mark.
(25–35cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has cylindrical, summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
O. Eric Young gx, syn. Odontoglossum
rush-like, erect, basal leaves. Bears small O. Tiger Hambuhren, syn. x
head of pendent, white flowers that are
Eric Young gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
Odontocidium Tiger Hambuhren gx.
ONOCLEA
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
striped and veined red. Z9–10 H10–9. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool WOODSIACEAE/ONOCLEACEAE
H 6in (15cm). Has spikes of white-lipped,
O. douglasii, syn. Sisyrinchium douglasi, greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Deep yellow Genus of one species of deciduous fern that
pale yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum. Stiff, upright, spotted with rich yellow; flowering season flowers, 3in (8cm) across and heavily rapidly colonizes wet areas via spreading,
summer-deciduous perennial. H 10in varies. Bears narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in patterned with chestnut-brown, are borne underground rhizomes. Needs partial
(25cm), S 6in (15cm). Has grasslike leaves (10–15cm) long. Grow in shade in summer. in tall spikes; flowering season varies. Has shade and wet soil. Remove fronds as they
sheathing very short, threadlike flowering Z13–15 H12–6. narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. fade. Propagate by division in fall or winter.
stems and, in early spring, a succession O. flexuosum. See Gomesa flexuosum. Needs shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. O. sensibilis, illus. p.443.
of pendent, bell-shaped, violet to red- O. Hambühren Stern gx ‘Cheam’, syn. O. Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’, syn. x
Odontocidium Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’, illus.
purple, or sometimes white, flowers. Is x Wilsonara Hambühren Stern gx ‘Cheam’,
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
ONONIS
suitable for a rock garden or alpine illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a cool greenhouse. Is very similar to Restharrow
house. Z4–9 H9–3. a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Narrowly
oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Bears x O. Tiger Hambuhren, but the flowers LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
spikes of deep reddish-brown flowers, are slightly smaller, with lighter patterning. Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
OMPHALODES 4in (10cm) across, each with yellow lip; Z14–15 H12–6. perennials and deciduous or semievergreen O
Navelwort O. tigrinum, illus. p.467. Evergreen, shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
flowering season varies. Requires shade
BORAGINACEAE in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. epiphytic orchid for a cool or intermediate pealike flowers. Is good for rock gardens,
O. Julie Barbara Good gx, syn. x greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Branching walls and banks. Needs sun and well-drained
Genus of annuals and perennials, some
Odontoglossum Buttercrisp gx, illus. spikes of fragrant, yellow-marked, brown soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring,
of which are evergreen or semievergreen.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with large, yellow shrubs also by softwood cuttings in summer.
Makes good groundcover, especially in
a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). lip, are borne in fall. Has oval leaves, 6in O. fruticosa, illus. p.339.
rock gardens. Needs full or partial shade
Produces arching spikes of intricately (15cm) long. Requires partial shade in O. natrix, illus. p.345.
and moist but well-drained soil, except
patterned, red, tan, orange and yellow summer. H11–6. O. rotundifolia. Deciduous or
for O. linifolia and O. luciliae, which
prefer sun. Propagate by seed or division flowers, 3in (8cm) across; flowering semievergreen, glandular, upright subshrub.
in spring. season varies. Has narrowly oval leaves, x ONCIDOPSIS H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm) or
O. cappadocica, illus. p.334. ‘Cherry 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs shade in more. Bears small, rounded, 3-parted,
ORCHIDACEAE
Ingram’ illus. p.261. summer. Z14–15 H12–6. toothed, hairy, green leaves, with terminal
O. Le Nez Point gx, syn. Odontoglossum See also ORCHIDS. leaflet long-stalked. Relatively large, red-
O. linifolia, illus. p.299.
Le Nez Point gx. Evergreen, epiphytic x O. Cambrica gx ‘Lensing’s Favorite’, streaked, rose-pink flowers are produced in
O. luciliae. Semievergreen, mound-
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). syn. x Vuylstekeara Cambrica gx ‘Lensing’s small clusters in summer. Z7–10 H10–7.
Crimson flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, are Favorite’, illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic
(15cm). Has oval, blue-gray leaves. In orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Onopordon. See Onopordum.
borne in spikes; flowering season varies.
spring–summer, loose sprays of pink buds Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm)
Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm)
develop into flattish, sky-blue flowers.
Resents winter wet, so plant in a sheltered
long. Needs shade in summer. Z13–15 long. Bears long sprays of wine-red ONOPORDUM
H12–6. flowers, 4in (10cm) across, heavily marked
SYN. ONOPORDON
site or alpine house. Prefers sun and very with white; flowering season varies. Needs
O. Memoria Commander Wiggs gx Cotton thistle, Scotch thistle
gritty soil. Z7–9 H9–7. shade in summer.
‘Kay’, (x Odontocidium Tiger Butter gx, x
O. verna, illus. p.334. x O. Olga gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Wilsonara Wigg’s gx ‘Kay’), illus. p.467.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Pure Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
OMPHALOGRAMMA greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears spikes of white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with ranging from stemless to tall, branching
mottled, deep reddish-brown flowers, 2in large, reddish-brown-blotched lips, are plants. Needs sun or partial shade and rich,
PRIMULACEAE
(5cm) across, with rich golden-yellow lip; borne in tall, arching racemes, mainly well-drained soil. To prevent self-seeding,
Genus of perennials, closely related to flowering season varies. Narrowly oval in fall. Produces ovoid pseudobulbs and remove dead flower heads. Propagate by
Primula, grown for their flowers. Makes leaves are 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Grow in narrowly oval leaves, 5in (12cm) long. Is seed in fall or spring. Leaves are prone to
good rock garden plants, but is difficult to shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. best grown in shade in summer. slug and snail damage.
grow, especially in hot, dry areas. Needs O. Mount Bingham, syn. x Odontioda O. acanthium, illus. p.304.
shade and moist but well-drained, gritty,
peaty soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
Mount Bingham gx. Evergreen, epiphytic x ONCOSTELE
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). ONOSMA
O. vinciflorum. Basal-rosetted perennial. Bears pink-edged, red flowers, 31/2in (9cm) ORCHIDACEAE
H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Has oval, hairy, across, in spikes; flowering season varies. See also ORCHIDS. BORAGINACEAE
mid-green leaves. In spring produces Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) x O. Pacific Mystery gx (Odontoglossum Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
nodding, funnel-shaped, violet flowers, long. Needs shade in summer. Z14–15 cordatum, x Odontioda Pacific Gold gx). semievergreen biennials, perennials and
each with deeper violet throat and flat, H12–6. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool subshrubs, grown for their long, pendent, 645
flared mouth. O. papilio. See Psychopsis papilio. greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears long tubular flowers. Is suitable for rock
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OOPHYTUM
gardens. Needs full sun and well-drained with greenish sepals, yellow petals and become invasive. Contact with the bristles with an even greater number of hybrids,
soil. Dislikes wet summers. Propagate by brown-centered, bright yellow lips. Has causes intense irritation to skin, and they bred partly for their vigor and ease of
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed oval, basal leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. are difficult to remove. care. They are divided into epiphytic and
in fall. Z8–9 H9–8. O. brasiliensis, syn. Brasiliopuntia terrestrial plants. (The spread of an orchid
O. alborosea, illus. p.338. O. speculum, syn. O. vernixia. Deciduous, brasiliensis. Treelike, perennial cactus. is indefinite.)
O. stellulata. Semievergreen, upright terrestrial orchid. H 3–12in (8–30cm). In H 18ft (5.5m), S 10ft (3m). Cylindrical, Epiphytic orchids
subshrub. H and S 6in (15cm). Leaves are spring produces dense spikes of flowers, green stem bears bright green branches Epiphytes have more flamboyant flowers
1
oblong and covered in hairs which may /2in (1cm) long, with greenish or yellow of flattened, oval, spiny segments. Sheds than terrestrial orchids and are more
irritate the skin. Clusters of yellow flowers sepals, purple petals and 3-centered, brown 2–3-year-old side branches. Masses of commonly grown. In the wild, they grow
are produced in late spring and summer. lips. Has oblong to lance-shaped leaves, shallowly saucer-shaped, yellow flowers, on tree branches or rocks (lithophytes),
Z8–9 H9–8. 11/2–3in (4–7cm) long. Z7–9 H9–7. 11/2in (4cm) across, are produced in obtaining nourishment through clinging
O. sphegodes, syn. O. aranifera (Early spring–summer, on plants more than roots and moisture through aerial roots.
spider orchid). Deciduous, terrestrial
OOPHYTUM orchid. H 4–18in (10–45cm). In spring–
2ft (60cm) tall, and are followed by small, Most consist of a horizontal rhizome, from
yellow fruits. Z11–12 H12–9. which arise vertical, water-storing, often
AIZOACEAE summer bears spikes of flowers, 1/2in (1cm) O. cylindrica, syn. Austrocylindropuntia swollen stems known as pseudobulbs.
Genus of clump-forming, egg-shaped, long, that vary from green to yellow and cylindrica. Bushy, perennial cactus. Flowers and foliage are produced from
perennial succulents with two united, very have spider-like, blackish-brown marks on H 12–20ft (4–6m), S 3ft (1m). Cylindrical stems the newest pseudobulbs. Other epiphytes
fleshy leaves. These are covered in dry, lips. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped and bear short-lived, cylindrical, dark green consist of a continuously growing upright
papery sheaths, except in spring when 11/2–3in (4–8cm) long. Z7–9 H9–7. leaves on new growth. Areoles may lack rhizome; on these, flower spikes appear
sheaths split open, revealing a new pair of O. tenthredinifera (Sawfly orchid), illus. spines or each produce 2 or 3 barbed ones. in the axils of leaves growing from the
leaves. Flowers are produced from a slight p.466. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. Shallowly saucer-shaped, pink-red flowers rhizome. In temperate climates, epiphytes
central fissure on upper surface. Is difficult H 6–22in (15–55cm). In spring has spikes of are produced in spring–summer, on plants need to be grown under glass.
to grow. Requires sun and well-drained flowers, 1⁄2in (1cm) long, in colors of white more than 6ft (2m) tall, and are followed by
soil. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings to pink, or blue and green, with violet or Cultivation of epiphytes
greenish-yellow fruits. Z11–12 H12–9.
in spring or summer. bluish lip edged with pale green. Has basal For cultivation purposes, epiphytes, which
O. erinacea. See O. polyacantha.
O. nanus. Clump-forming, perennial rosette of oval to oblong leaves, 2–31/2in are all tender (they cannot withstand
O. ficus-indica (Indian fig, Prickly pear).
succulent. H 3/4in (2cm), S 1/2in (1cm). Has (5–9cm) long. Z7–9 H9–7. freezing temperatures), may be divided
Bushy to treelike, perennial cactus.
2 united, fleshy, green leaves and daisylike, O. vernixia. See O. speculum. into three groups: cool-greenhouse types,
H and S 15ft (5m). Bears flattened, oblong,
white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) wide, in fall. which require min. 50°F (10°C) and max.
spineless, blue-green stem segments. In
Ophthalmophyllum herri. See 75°F (24°C); intermediate-greenhouse
spring–summer has masses of shallowly
Operculina tuberosa. See Merremia Conophytum longum. types, needing a range of 55–80°F
saucer-shaped, yellow flowers, 4in (10cm)
tuberosa. Ophthalmophyllum longum. See (13–27°C); and warm-greenhouse types,
across, followed by edible, purple fruits.
Conophytum longum. requiring 65–80°F (18–27°C). In summer,
Ophthalmophyllum villetii. See Z11–12 H12–9.
OPHIOPOGON Conophytum concordans. O. humifusa, illus. p.494.
temperatures need to be controlled by
Lilyturf shading the glass and by ventilation.
O. microdasys (Bunny ears). Bushy,
Cool-greenhouse orchids may be placed
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE perennial cactus. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has
OPLISMENUS flattened, oval, green stem segments that
outdoors in summer; this improves
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown flowering. Other types may also be grown
mainly for their grasslike foliage. Needs GRAMINEAE/POACEAE develop brown marks in low temperatures.
outdoors if the air temperature remains
Bears spineless areoles, with white, yellow,
sun or partial shade and fertile, well- See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
O drained soil. Propagate by division in and SEDGES. brown or red glochids, closely set in
within these ranges.
The amount of light required in summer
O. africanus, syn. O. hirtellus (Basket diagonal rows. Masses of funnel-shaped,
spring or by seed in fall. is given in individual plant entries.
grass). ‘Variegatus’ illus. p.469. yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne
O. jaburan (Jaburan lily, White lilyturf). All epiphytic orchids, however, need
O. hirtellus. See O. africanus. in summer on plants more than 6in (15cm)
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. to be kept out of direct sun in summer
tall, and are followed by small, dark red
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has dark green to avoid scorching, and require full
fruits. Z11–12 H12–9. var. albispina illus.
leaves. In early summer produces racemes
OPLOPANAX p.483. illus. p.483.
light in winter.
of bell-shaped, white flowers, followed by Epiphytic orchids, whether grown
deep blue berries. Z7–10 H10–7. ‘Vittatus’, ARALIACEAE O. polyacantha, syn. O. erinacea, illus.
indoors or outside, require a special soil-
syn. O. jaburan ‘Variegatus’ has white- or Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering p.481.
free compost obtained from an orchid
yellow-striped leaves and is much less shrubs, grown for their habit, fruits and O. robusta, illus. p.488.
nursery or made by mixing 2 parts fibrous
robust. ‘Variegatus’. See O. jaburan spiny foliage. Young growth may be O. tunicata, syn. Cylindropuntia tunicata,
material (such as bark chippings and/or
‘Vittatus’. damaged by late frosts. Prefers partial illus. p.496.
peat) with 1 part porous material (such as
O. japonicus, illus. p.283. shade and moist soil. Propagate by seed O. verschaffeltii, syn.
moss and/or expanded clay pellets). Most
O. planiscapus ‘Nigrescens’, illus. in fall or by root cuttings in late winter. Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii, illus.
epiphytes may be grown in pots, although
p.280. O. horridus (Devil’s club). Deciduous, p.486.
some may be successfully cultivated in a
spreading, open, sparsely branched shrub. hanging basket or on a slab of bark (with
OPHRYS H and S 6ft (2m). Prickly stems bear large, ORBEA moss around their roots) suspended in the
oval, 7–9-lobed, toothed, mid-green leaves. greenhouse.
ORCHIDACEAE ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE
Bears dense umbels of small, star-shaped, In summer, water plants freely and spray
See also ORCHIDS. greenish-white flowers from mid- to late Genus of clump-forming, perennial
regularly. Those suspended on bark slabs
O. aranifera. See O. sphegodes. summer, followed by spherical, red fruits. succulents with erect, 4-angled stems. Stem
need a constantly moist atmosphere. In
O. fuciflora of gardens, syn. O. holoserica. Z7–9 H9–7. edges are often indented and may produce
winter, water moderately and, if plants
Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 6–22in small leaves that drop after only a few
are in growth, spray occasionally. Some
(15–55cm). Spikes of flowers, 1/2in (1cm) weeks. Needs sun or partial shade and
OPUNTIA well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
orchids rest in winter and require scarcely
long, from white through pink to blue and any water or none at all. Orchids benefit
green, are borne in spring–summer. Leaves CACTACEAE stem cuttings in spring or summer.
from weak foliar feeds; apply as for
are oval to oblong, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. Genus of perennial cacti, ranging from O. variegata, syn. Stapelia variegata,
watering. Repot plants every other year,
Z7–9 H9–7. small, alpine, groundcover plants to large, illus. p.488.
in spring; if they are about to flower, repot
O. fusca (Somber bee orchid). Deciduous, evergreen, tropical trees, with at times after flowering.
terrestrial orchid. H 4–16in (10–40cm). insignificant glochids—short, soft, barbed ORCHIDS Terrestrial orchids
Spikes of greenish, yellow or brown flowers, spines produced on areoles. Mature plants
1
/4in (5cm) long, with yellow-edged, bluish, carry masses of short-spined, pear-shaped, ORCHIDACEAE Terrestrial orchids, some of which also
Family of perennials, some of which are produce pseudobulbs, grow in soil or
brown or purple lip, are produced in spring. green, yellow, red or purple fruits (prickly
Has oval or lance-shaped leaves, 3–5in pears), edible in some species. Hardy evergreen or semievergreen, grown for leaf mold, sustaining themselves in the
(8–12cm) long. Z12–15 H12–6. species must be kept dry during winter in their unusual flowers. These consist of normal way through roots or tubers.
O. holoserica of gardens. See O. fuciflora order to survive low temperatures. Needs 3 outer sepals and 3 inner petals, the Some may be grown in borders, but many
of gardens. sun and well-drained soil. Water container lowest of which, known as the lip, is usually in temperate climates need to be cultivated
O. lutea, illus. p.467. Deciduous, terrestrial specimens when in full growth. Propagate enlarged and different from the others in in pots and protected under glass in winter.
646 orchid. H 3–12in (8–30cm). In spring bears by seed or stem cuttings in spring or shape, markings and color. There are about Cultivation of terrestrial orchids
short spikes of flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, summer. Some species can spread and 750 genera and 22,500 species, together Terrestrial orchids are hardy to tender, min.
OSBECKIA
65°F (18°C). Cypripedium species may be Phalaenopsis, Phragmipedium, Pleione, (12–15cm), S 16in (40cm). Arching stems spikes. Propagate by seed when fresh,
grown outdoors in any area, preferably in Ponerorchis, Psychopsis, x Rhyncattleanthe, are clothed in rounded, aromatic, hairy, in mid-summer.
neutral to acid soil, but cannot withstand x Rhycholaeliocattleya, Rhynochostele, gray-white leaves. Has pendent heads of O. aquaticum, illus. p.444.
severe frost, if frozen solid in pots or Rossioglossum, Serapias, Specklinia, open funnel-shaped, purplish-pink flowers
without snow cover, or tolerate very wet Spiranthes, Stanhopea, Vanda and in summer. Z8–11 H12–8.
soil in winter. Other terrestrial orchids, Zygopetalum. O. ‘Kent Beauty’, illus. p.339.
OROSTACHYS
except in very mild areas, are best grown O. laevigatum, illus. p.340. CRASSULACEAE
Orchis elata. See Dactylorhiza elata. O. rotundifolium. Deciduous, prostrate
in pots; use the same compost as for Genus of short-lived, basal-rosetted,
Orchis maderensis. See Dactylorhiza subshrub. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 12in (30cm).
epiphytes but add 1 part grit to 2 parts perennial succulents, grown for their very
foliosa. In summer bears whorls of pendent, funnel-
compost. Place pots outdoors in a peat bed fleshy, sword-shaped leaves. Produces
Orchis morio. See Anacamptis morio. shaped, pale pink flowers, surrounded by
or in a glasshouse in the growing season. flowers 3 years from sowing seed, then
Keep dry when dormant. Under glass, yellow-green bracts. Has small, rounded, dies. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
light requirements, watering, feeding OREOCEREUS mid-green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. Propagate by seed or division in spring
and repotting are as for epiphytes. O. vulgare (Oregano). Mat-forming, or summer.
CACTACEAE
woody-based perennial. H and S 18in O. chanetii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
Orchid propagation Genus of mainly columnar, perennial cacti (45cm). Has oval, aromatic, dark green succulent. H 11/2in (4cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears
Orchids with pseudobulbs may be with thick, cylindrical, much-ribbed stems leaves, above which branched, wiry stems gray-green leaves that are shorter in
increased by removing and replanting with spines, usually branching from the bear clusters of tiny, tubular, 2-lipped, rosette center. Flower stem produces
old, leafless pseudobulbs when repotting base, and, in some species, covered in long mauve flowers in summer. Z4–9 H10–2. dense, tapering spike of star-shaped, white
in spring. Take care to retain at least hairs. Solitary, tubular-funnel-shaped ‘Aureum’, illus. p.274. or pink flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) across, in
4 pseudobulbs on the parent plant. Some flowers are produced near stem tips during
genera that may be propagated in this spring–summer. Z13–15 H12–1.
the day in summer. Requires full sun and
way are: Ada, x Aliceara, Anguloa, Bletilla, very well-drained, slightly alkaline soil. ORNITHOGALUM
Brassavola (large plants only and retaining Water well in spring-summer, much less so Star-of-Bethlehem OROYA
at least 6 pseudobulbs on the parent), in fall-winter. Propagate by seed in spring HYACINTHACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
x Brassocattleya, Bulbophyllum, Calanthe, CACTACEAE
or summer.
Genus of bulbs, grown for their mostly Genus of spherical, perennial cacti. Inner
Cattleya, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, O. aurantiacus. See Matucana aurantiaca.
star-shaped, white flowers, usually flower petals form a tube and outer ones
Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, Encyclia, O. celsianus, syn. Cleistocactus celsianus,
backed with green. Needs sun or partial open fully. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Gomesa, Gongora, Laelia, Lycaste, illus. p.493.
shade and well-drained soil. Lift and dry Propagate by seed in spring or summer.
Maxillariella, Miltonia, Miltoniopsis, O. trollii, syn. Cleistocactus trollii. Slow-
tender species for winter, if grown O. neoperuviana. See O. peruviana.
Oncidium, Phaius, Pleione, Stanhopea growing, columnar, perennial cactus.
outside in summer, and replant in spring. O. peruviana, syn. O. neoperuviana, illus.
and Zygopetalum. H 28in (70cm), S 4in (10cm). Cylindrical,
Propagate by seed or offsets, in fall for
Some orchids without pseudobulbs green stem, 3–4in (7–10cm), with thick, p.486.
spring-flowering plants, in spring for
produce new growth from the base. golden spines, is almost hidden by long,
summer-flowering ones. T Handle Orphanidesia gaultherioides. See
When a plant has 6 new growths, divide wispy, hairlike, white spines. Has pink
carefully as all parts may cause severe Epigaea gaultherioides.
it in spring into 2 and repot both portions. flowers, 4in (10cm) long, with recurved
discomfort if ingested; the sap may
Propagate Disa, Paphiopedilum and tips, in summer on fully mature plants.
irritate skin.
Phragmipedium in this way. Large
O. arabicum, illus. p.408.
ORTHROSANTHUS
specimens of Eria and Masdevallia may
be divided in spring, leaving 4–6 stems
OREOPTERIS O. balansae, syn. O. oligophyllum of IRIDACEAE
on each portion. THELYPTERIDACEAE gardens, illus. p.414.
O. lanceolatum, illus. p.415.
Genus of perennials with short, woody O
Propagation of Phalaenopsis is by stem rhizomes, grown for their flowers. Prefers
Genus of deciduous ferns, spreading via O. magnum, illus. p.382.
cuttings taken soon after flowering. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
underground rhizomes to form colonies. O. montanum, illus. p.415.
Vanda may be increased by removing division or seed in spring.
Some species can be invasive. Needs sun or O. narbonense, illus. p.408.
the top half of the stem once it has O. chimboracensis. Tufted, rhizomatous
partial shade and moist or very moist soil. O. nutans, illus. p.399. Spring-flowering
produced aerial roots and leaves; new perennial. H 2ft (60cm) in flower, S 6in
Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate bulb. H 6–14in (15–35cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm).
growths will develop from the leafless (15cm). Has very narrow, grasslike, ribbed,
by division in spring. Has cluster of linear, channeled, semierect,
base. With both these methods, achieving stiff leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, with finely
O. limbosperma, syn. Thelypteris basal leaves. Stem bears spike of pendent,
success is difficult and not recommended toothed margins. In summer produces
oreopteris (Mountain buckler fern, bell-shaped, translucent, white flowers,
for the beginner. clusters of short-lived, long-stalked,
Mountain fern, Mountain wood fern). 3
⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) long, with pale green
Propagate terrestrial orchids with tubers shallowly bowl-shaped, lavender-blue
Deciduous fern. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft outsides. Prefers partial shade.
by division of the tubers. Genera that may (30cm). Has mainly lance-shaped, much- flowers, each enclosed in 2 leaflike bracts.
O. oligophyllum of gardens. See Z10–11 H12–1.
be increased in this way are: Cypripedium divided fronds, with oblong to lance- O. balansae.
(in spring), Dactylorhiza (spring), Ophrys shaped, mid-green pinnae. Z12–15 H12–10. O. saundersiae (Giant chincherinchee).
(fall), Serapias (fall) and Spiranthes (spring).
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m), ORYCHOPHRAGMUS
Calypso is rarely propagated successfully
in cultivation. Angraecum should not be
ORIGANUM S 6–8in (15–20cm). Produces basal cluster CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
Marjoram, Oregano of strap- or lance-shaped, semierect
propagated in cultivation, because the Genus of late spring- to summer-flowering
leaves. Stem bears flat-topped head of
parent plant is easily endangered. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE annuals. Needs sun and fertile, well-
erect, flattish, white or cream flowers,
Propagate Ponerorchis by small tubers that Genus of deciduous subshrubs and drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
each with blackish-green ovary forming
form around the base of the stem, when perennials, sometimes with overwintering O. violaceus. Moderately fast-growing,
dark eye. Z7–10 H10–7.
repotting tubers before growth commences leaf rosettes. Some species are grown as upright annual or biennial. H 12–24in
O. thyrsoides, illus. p.408.
in early spring. Seedlings may appear in culinary herbs, others for their clusters of (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has branching
O. umbellatum, illus. p.416. Spring-
the compost around the parent plant. tubular, usually pink flowers. Most species flower stems and pointed, oval, pale
flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 4–6in
The most easily increased orchids are have arching, prostrate stems and are green leaves. Heads of 4-petaled,
(10–15cm). Linear, channeled, semierect,
Cymbidium. Propagation of Epidendrum useful for trailing over rocks, banks and purple-blue flowers are produced in
green leaves each have white line on upper
may be extremely difficult; see genus for walls. Prefers sun and well-drained, alkaline spring. Z10–13 H8–1.
surface. Bears loose, flat-topped head
specific details. soil. Propagate by division in spring, by of star-shaped, white flowers, backed
Orchids are illustrated on pp.466–67. cuttings of non-flowering shoots in early with green. OSBECKIA
See also Ada, x Aliceara, Anacamptis, summer or by seed in fall or spring.
Angraecum, Anguloa, Bletilla, Brasiliorchid, O. amanum. Deciduous, rounded, Orobus vernus. See Lathyrus vernus. MELASTOMATACEAE
Brassavola, x Brassocattleya, Bulbophyllum, compact subshrub. H and S 6–8in Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
Calanthe, Calypso, Cattleya, x Cattlianthe, perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown
(15–20cm). Open funnel-shaped, pale ORONTIUM for their flowers and foliage. Needs full
Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, pink or white flowers are borne all
Golden club
Dactylorhiza, Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, summer above small, heart-shaped, light or partial shade and rich, well-drained
Disa, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Eria, Gomesa, pale green leaves. Makes a good alpine ARACEAE soil. Water container specimens freely
Gongora, Guarianthe, Habernaria, Laelia, house plant; dislikes a damp atmosphere. Genus of one species of deciduous, when in full growth, moderately at other
Lycaste, Masdevallia, Maxillariella, Miltonia, Z5–8 H8–5. perennial, deep-water plant, grown times. Cut back flowered stems by at least
Miltoniopsis, Oncidium, x Oncidopsis, x O. dictamnus (Dittany of Crete, Hop for its floating foliage and flower spikes. half in early spring to maintain vigor and to 647
Oncostele, Ophrys, Paphiopedilum, Phaius, marjoram). Prostrate perennial. H 5–6in Needs full sun. Remove faded flower produce large flower trusses. Propagate
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OSCULARIA
by seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings

in summer. OSMUNDA OSTROWSKIA OXALIS
O. stellata. Evergreen, rounded, stiff- OSMUNDACEAE Giant bellflower Shamrock, Sorrel
stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has CAMPANULACEAE OXALIDACEAE
Genus of deciduous ferns. Requires shade,
narrowly oval, hairy, prominently veined
except for O. regalis, which also tolerates Genus of one species of summer- Genus of tuberous, rhizomatous or fibrous-
leaves. Bears terminal clusters of 4-petaled,
sun. O. cinnamomea and O. claytoniana flowering perennial. Prefers a warm, rooted perennials and semievergreen
rose-purple flowers in late summer.
need moist soil; O. regalis prefers very wet sunny situation and rich, moist but well- subshrubs, grown for their colorful
Z14–15 H12–10.
conditions. Remove fading fronds drained soil. May be difficult to grow flowers, which in bud are rolled like an
regularly. Propagate by division in fall because it requires a resting period after umbrella, and their often ornamental
OSCULARIA or winter or by spores as soon as ripe. flowering, so cover with a frame until leaves. Leaves are mostly less than 3/4in
AIZOCEACE O. cinnamomea (Cinnamon fern). late fall to keep dry. Propagate by seed in (2cm) across and are divided into 3 or more
Deciduous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). fall or spring. leaflets. Some species may be invasive;
Genus of spreading, sometimes erect, Outer, lance-shaped, divided, pale green O. magnifica. Erect perennial. H 5ft smaller species and cultivars are suitable
subshrubby perennial succulents, grown for sterile fronds, with deeply cut pinnae, for rock gardens. Needs full sun or partial
(1.5m), S 11/2ft (45cm). From early to mid-
their daisylike, white to pink flowers, and surround brown fertile fronds, all arising shade and well-drained soil. Propagate
summer produces very large, bell-shaped
usually angular, fleshy, grayish-green leaves. from a fibrous rootstock. Z4–8 H8–1. by division in fall or early spring.
flowers of light blue-purple, veined with
Becomes woody with age. Makes good O. claytoniana (Interrupted fern). O. acetosella (Wood sorrel). Creeping,
darker purple. Produces whorls of oval,
summer bedding or pot plants. Requires full Deciduous fern. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). spring-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
blue-gray leaves. Z7–8 H8–7.
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate by Has lance-shaped, pale green fronds, H 2in (5cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Forms
seed or stem cuttings in spring or fall. divided into oblong, blunt pinnae; outer mats of clover-like, 3-lobed leaves. Delicate
O. deltoides, syn. Lampranthus deltoides, sterile fronds are larger than fertile ones OSTRYA stems bear cup-shaped, white flowers, 1⁄2in
illus. p.485. at center of plant. Z2–10 H9–1. CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE (1cm) across, with 5 purple-veined petals.
O. regalis, illus. p.443. Prefers partial shade. Z3–8 H8–1. var.
Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
OSMANTHUS foliage, catkins and fruits. Needs sun or
purpurascens. See O. acetosella var.
subpurpurascens. var. subpurpurascens,
OLEACEAE OSTEOMELES partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
syn. O. acetosella var. purpurascens, illus.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, ROSACEAE Propagate by seed in fall.
p.352.
grown for their foliage and small, O. carpinifolia (European hop
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering O. adenophylla, illus. p.352.
fragrant flowers. O. x burkwoodii and hornbeam). Deciduous, rounded tree.
shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage and O. bowiei, syn. O. purpurata var. bowiei.
O. heterophyllus may be used for hedging. H and S 50ft (15m). Has gray bark and oval,
flowers. In most areas, plant against a Spring- to summer-flowering, tuberous
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well- glossy, dark green leaves that turn yellow
south- or west-facing wall. Requires sun perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
drained soil. Restrict growth by cutting back in fall. Yellow catkins in mid-spring are
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate Has long-stalked, clover-like, 3-lobed
after flowering; trim hedges in mid-summer. followed by hop-like, greenish-white fruit
by semiripe cuttings in summer. leaves. Stems each produce loose head of
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. clusters that become turn in fall. Z6–9 H9–6.
O. schweriniae, illus. p.129. 3–10 widely funnel-shaped, pinkish-purple
O. armatus. Evergreen, bushy, dense O. virginiana, illus. p.72.
flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across. Needs
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Large, oblong, a sheltered, sunny site. Z8–10 H10–8.
OSTEOSPERMUM
dark green leaves are rigid and sharply OTHONNA O. chrysantha. Creeping, fibrous-rooted
toothed. Has tubular, 4-lobed, white COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE SYN. OTHONNOPSIS perennial. H 11/2–2in (4–5cm), S 6–12in
flowers in fall, followed by egg-shaped, Genus of evergreen, semiwoody (15–30cm). Forms mats of clover-like,
O dark violet fruits. Z8–9 H9–8. perennials. Does best in warm areas.
3-lobed leaves. Stems each produce funnel-
O. x burkwoodii, syn. x Osmarea Requires sun and well-drained soil. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their shaped, bright yellow flower, 3/4–11/4in
burkwoodii, illus. p.110. Propagate by cuttings of non-flowering daisylike flower heads in summer. Needs (2–3cm) across, in summer. Requires a
O. decorus, syn. Phillyrea decora. shoots in mid-summer. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by sheltered position. Z8–10 H10–8.
Evergreen, upright, rounded, dense shrub. O. barberae of gardens. See O. jucundum. softwood cuttings in early summer. O. deppei. See O. tetraphylla.
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has large, oblong, O. ‘Blue Streak’, syn. O. ecklonis ‘Blue O. cheirifolia, illus. p.344. O. depressa, syn. O. inops, illus. p.364.
glossy, dark green leaves. Bears tubular, Streak’. Evergreen, upright perennial. O. enneaphylla. Tuft-forming,
Othonnopsis. See Othonna.
4-lobed, white flowers in mid-spring, H and S 18in (45cm). In summer–fall, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–3in (5–7cm),
followed by egg-shaped, blackish-purple daisylike flower heads, with dark slate-blue S 3–4in (8–10cm). Gray-green leaves are
fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. centers and white ray florets, blue on OURISIA divided into narrowly oblong to oval
O. delavayi, syn. Siphonosmanthus reverse, are borne above lance-shaped, SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE leaflets. In summer, stems bear widely
delavayi, illus. p.110. gray-green leaves. Z10–11 H6–1. funnel-shaped, lilac-pink or white flowers,
Genus of evergreen perennials with
O. forrestii. See O. yunnanensis. O. ‘Buttermilk’, illus. p.319. 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) wide. Z5–9 H9–5.
creeping rootstocks. Is suitable for peat
O. fragrans (Fragrant olive, Sweet olive). O. ‘Cannington Roy’. Evergreen, clump- O. hedysaroides. Semievergreen, bushy
beds and walls. Needs partial shade and
Evergreen, upright shrub or tree. H and forming, prostrate perennial. H 12in (30cm), subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm).
moist, peaty soil. Propagate by division
S 20ft (6m). Very fragrant, tubular, 4-lobed, S 18in (45cm). Large, daisylike, pink flower Stems have clover-like, green leaves with
or seed in spring.
white flowers are borne amid oblong, heads, with darker eyes, are borne 3 elliptical leaflets, the central leaflet on a
O. caespitosa, illus. p.360.
glossy, dark green leaves, from early to late profusely in summer–fall. Leaves are linear stalk. Leaf axils bear clusters of widely
O. coccinea, illus. p.269. funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 3/4–11/4in
summer, followed by ovoid, blue-black and gray. Z10–11 H6–1.
O. ‘Loch Ewe’. Vigorous, evergreen,
fruits. Is suitable only for a very mild area. O. Cape Daisy Series NASINGA PURPLE (2–3cm) across, in spring–summer. Z9–10
(‘Aksullo’), illus. p.311. rosetted perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). H10–9.
Z8–11 H12–8. f. aurantiacus has orange
O. ecklonis. Evergreen, upright or Prostrate stems have heart-shaped, O. hirta. Late summer-flowering, tuberous
somewhat straggling perennial. H and leathery, mid-green leaves. Produces dense perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
O. heterophyllus (False holly).
S 18in (45cm). In summer–fall, daisylike, spikes of outward-facing, tubular, salmon- Stem produces scattered leaves, with 3
‘Aureomarginatus’, illus. p.119.
white flower heads, with dark blue centers, pink flowers in late spring and early narrowly lance-shaped leaflets. Leaf axils
‘Gulftide’ is an evergreen, bushy, dense
are borne singly above lance-shaped, gray- summer. Z7–8 H8–7. each produce solitary, widely funnel-
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m). Holly-
green leaves. Z10–11 H6–1. ‘Blue Streak’. O. macrocarpa. Vigorous, evergreen, shaped, rose-purple flower, 3/4–11/4in
shaped, sharply toothed, glossy, dark
See O. ‘Blue Streak’. prostrate perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (2–3cm) wide, with yellow center. Z9–10
green leaves set off tubular, 4-lobed, white
O. jucundum, syn. O. barberae, (20cm). Has rosettes of heart-shaped, H10–9.
flowers in fall.
Dimorphotheca barberae, illus. p.265. leathery, dark green leaves. Produces O. inops. See O. depressa.
O. yunnanensis, syn. O. forrestii.
O. ‘Nairobi Purple’. Evergreen, semi- spikes of open cup-shaped, yellow- O. ‘Ione Hecker’. Tuft-forming,
Evergreen, treelike, upright, then
prostrate perennial. H 12in (30cm), centered, white flowers in late spring. rhizomatous perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 2–3in
spreading shrub. H and S 30ft (10m). Has
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears daisylike, velvety, Z7–9 H9–7. (5–8cm). Gray leaves are divided into
large, oblong, glossy, bright green leaves,
deep purple-red flower heads, with darker O. magellanica. See O. ruellioides. narrowly oblong, wavy leaflets. In summer
bronze when young. Produces tubular,
streaks on outside of ray petals, in summer. O. microphylla, illus. p.362. bears funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue
4-lobed, creamy-white flowers in clusters
Has fresh green, lance-shaped leaves. Will O. ruellioides, syn. O. magellanica. flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with darker
in late winter or early spring. Z8–9 H9–8.
not flower freely in rich soils. Z10–11 H6–1. Evergreen, straggling perennial. H 11/2in veins. Z8–9 H9–8.
x Osmarea burkwoodii. See O. Sunny Series ‘Sunny Marina’, (4cm), S to 6in (15cm). In summer produces O. laciniata. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
648 Osmanthus Osmanthus x burkwoodii. illus. p.301. tubular, scarlet flowers above broadly perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
Osmaronia. See Oemleria. O. ‘Whirlygig’, illus. p.298. heart-shaped leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. Has blue-gray leaves divided into narrowly
PAEONIA
P
oblong, crinkly-edged leaflets. In summer Flower forms
bears widely funnel-shaped, steel-blue PACHYSANDRA Unless stated otherwise, peonies described
flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with darker BUXACEAE below flower between late spring and early
veins. Z8–9 H9–8. to mid-summer and have large, alternate
Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials
O. perdicaria, illus. p.371. leaves divided into oval to lance-shaped or
and subshrubs, grown for their tufted
O. purpurata var. bowiei. See O. PACHYCEREUS foliage. Is useful for groundcover. Tolerates
linear leaflets. Flowers are single,
bowiei. semidouble, double or anemone-form.
O. spiralis subsp. vulcanicola, syn.
CACTACEAE dense shade and grows in any but very
Single—flowers are mostly cup-shaped,
Genus of slow-growing, columnar, dry soil. Propagate by division in spring.
O. vulcanicola. Evergreen subshrub. H and with 1 or 2 rows of large, often lightly
perennial cacti, branching with age. P. axillaris. Evergreen, mat-forming
S 12in (30cm). Succulent red stems bear ruffled, incurving petals and a conspicuous
The funnel-shaped flowers are unlikely subshrub. H 8in (20cm), S 10in (25cm).
clover-like, 3-lobed leaves in shades of central boss of stamens.
Stems are each crowned by 3–6 oval,
reddish-yellow to dark or mid-green. to appear in cultivation as they are Semidouble—flowers are similar to single
toothed, leathery leaves. Produces small,
Widely funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 5/8in produced only on plants over 10ft (3m) ones, but have 2 or 3 rows of petals.
white flowers in erect spikes in late spring.
(1.5cm) across, are borne in clusters from high. Requires sun and well-drained Double—flowers are rounded, usually
spring to fall. Is often used in summer P. terminalis, illus. p.375. ‘Variegata’
soil. Propagate by seed in spring composed of 1 or 2 outer rows of large,
bedding or in a hanging basket. is an evergreen, creeping perennial.
or summer. often lightly ruffled, incurving petals, the
O. tetraphylla, syn. O. deppei, illus. p.338. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Diamond-
P. marginatus, syn. Lemaireocereus remaining petals being smaller, usually
O. vulcanicola. See O. spiralis subsp. shaped, cream-variegated leaves are
marginatus, Marginatocereus marginatus, becoming more densely arranged and
vulcanicola. clustered at stem tips. In early summer
Stenocereus marginatus, illus. p.494. diminishing in size toward the center.
bears spikes of tiny, white flowers,
P. pecten-aboriginum (Hairbrush Stamens are few, inconspicuous or absent.
sometimes flushed purple.
OXYDENDRUM cactus). Columnar, perennial cactus. Anemone-form (Imperial or Japanese)—
H 35ft (11m), S 10ft (3m). Dark green flowers usually have 1 or 2 rows of broad,
ERICACEAE PACHYSTACHYS
stems bear 9–11 deep ribs. Each areole incurving, outer petals; the center of the
Genus of one species of deciduous tree, has 8 radial spines, 1/2in (1cm) long, and flower is often filled entirely with numerous
ACANTHACEAE
grown for its flowers and fall color. Needs longer central spines. Red-based, dark densely arranged, sometimes deeply cut,
an open position in sun or partial shade Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
brown spines fade to gray. Z13–15 narrow petaloids derived from stamens.
and moist, acid soil. Propagate by softwood grown for their flowers. Needs partial
H12–10. shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. P. ‘Alice Harding’. Clump-forming
P. pringlei, illus. p.483. container plants freely when in full growth,
O. arboreum, illus. p.76. perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Bears very
P. schottii, syn. Lophocereus schottii, moderately at other times. Cut back
Oxypetalum caeruleum. See Tweedia illus. p.493. ‘Monstrosus’ is a columnar, large, fragrant, double, creamy-white
flowered stems in late winter to maintain
caerulea. perennial cactus. H 22ft (7m), S 6ft (2m). flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
a bushy habit. Propagate by greenwood
Irregular, olive- to dark green stems P. ‘America’, illus. p.229. Clump-forming
cuttings in early summer. Whitefly and
have 4–15 ribs and no spines. Has perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large,
OZOTHAMNUS funnel-shaped, pink flowers, 11⁄4in (3cm)
red spider mite may cause problems.
single flowers with very broad, crimson
P. cardinalis. See P. coccinea.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE wide, at night in summer. Z13–15 P. coccinea, syn. P. cardinalis, Jacobinia
petals, lightly ruffled at edges. Z3–8 H8–1.
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering H12–10. P. ‘Argosy’. Deciduous, upright shrub
coccinea, Justicia coccinea (Cardinal’s
shrubs, grown for their foliage and small, (tree peony). H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Large,
guard). Evergreen, erect, robust shrub.
single, lemon-yellow flowers have crimson-
densely clustered flower heads. Requires
PACHYPHRAGMA H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m) to
purple blotch at base. Is hard to propagate.
full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate flower well. Leaves are oval and deep
by semiripe cuttings in summer. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE green. Has tubular, bright red flowers in
Z3–8 H8–1. P
O. coralloides, syn. Helichrysum Genus of perennials with rosettes of basal P. arietina. See P. mascula subsp. arietina.
tight, green-bracted spikes, 6in (15cm)
coralloides, illus. p.347. leaves, often grown as groundcover under P. ‘Auguste Dessert’. Clump-forming
long, in winter. Z13–15 H12–10.
O. ledifolius, syn. Helichrysum ledifolium, perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
shrubs. Needs sun or partial shade and P. lutea, illus. p.459.
illus. p.151. masses of fragrant, semidouble flowers;
moist soil. Propagate by division or stem
O. rosmarinifolius, syn. Helichrysum Pachystima. See Paxistima. carmine petals are tinged salmon-pink and
cuttings in late spring, or by seed in fall.
rosmarinifolium. Evergreen, upright, dense have slightly ruffled, silvery-white edges.
P. macrophyllum, syn. Thlaspi
Foliage provides rich fall color. Z3–8 H8–1.
shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has macrophyllum, illus. p.255. x PACHYVERIA P. ‘Avant Garde’. Clump-forming
rosemary-like, linear, dark green leaves,
CRASSULACEAE perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has luxuriant
woolly beneath, the margins curved under.
Clusters of fragrant, white flower heads PACHYPHYTUM Hybrid genus (Echeveria x Pachyphytum) foliage. Medium-sized to large, fragrant,
are produced in early summer. Z8–9 H9–8. CRASSULACEAE of clump-forming, rosetted, perennial single flowers are pale rose-pink with
O. selago, syn. Helichrysum selago, illus. succulents, sometimes almost stemless. darker veins and bright golden anthers that
Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents,
p.347. Requires full sun or partial shade and very have yellow-red filaments. Flowers are
closely related to Echeveria, with which
well-drained soil. Propagate by leaf or stem borne on stiff, straight stems in mid-spring
it hybridizes. Needs sun and well-drained
cuttings in spring or summer. and are ideal for cutting. Z3–8 H8–1.
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
x P. glauca, illus. p.490. P. ‘Ballerina’. Clump-forming perennial.
leaf or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
H and S 3ft (1m). Fragrant, double flowers
P. compactum, illus. p.491.
are soft blush-pink, tinged lilac at first, later
P. oviferum, illus. p.490. PAEONIA fading to white. Outer rows of petals are
Peony
loosely arranged, very broad and
PACHYPODIUM PAEONIACEAE incurving; inner petals are also incurving,
Genus of late spring-flowering perennials but more densely arranged, narrower,
APOCYNACEAE
and deciduous shrubs (“tree peonies”), more uneven in size and often have slightly
Genus of bushy or treelike, perennial grown for their bold foliage, showy blooms ruffled margins. Foliage provides fall color.
succulents, mostly with swollen stems, and, in some species, colorful seed pods. Z3–8 H8–1.
closely related to Adenium, except that Young growth (especially on tree peonies) P. ‘Baroness Schroeder’. Vigorous,
most species have spines. Requires full may be damaged by late spring frosts. clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft
sun and very well-drained soil. May be Prefers sun (but tolerates partial shade) and (1m). Is very free-flowering with large,
very difficult to grow. Propagate by seed rich, well-drained soil. Tall and very large- fragrant, globe-shaped, double flowers,
in spring or summer. flowered cultivars need support. Propagate tinged with pale flesh-pink on opening but
P. lamerei, illus. p.494. all species by seed in fall (may take up to fading to almost pure white. Produces
P. succulentum. Treelike, perennial 3 years to germinate), tuberous species by several rows of nearly flat, outer petals;
succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). root cuttings in winter, tree peonies by inner petals are incurving, ruffled and very
Swollen trunk, 6in (15cm) across, has semiripe cuttings in late summer or by tightly arranged. Is one of the best peonies
narrow, vertical, green to gray-brown grafting in winter. Perennials may also be for cutting. Z3–8 H8–1.
stems. Trumpet-shaped, pink-crimson propagated by division in fall or early P. ‘Barrymore’. Clump-forming
flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, are borne spring. Is prone to peony wilt. T All parts perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Has very
near stem tips in summer. Z14–15 can cause mild stomach upset if ingested. large, anemone-form flowers with broad, 649
H12–10. See also feature panel pp.228–9. outer petals that are palest blush-pink on
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PAEONIA
opening, later white. Clear pale golden- flowering hybrid between an herbaceous carmine-pink flowers, with darker red plants. Petals are broad, incurving, soft
yellow petaloids are very narrow, relatively perennial and a tree peony. H 24–32in centers. Petals are ruffled, very numerous blush-pink, fading to milk-white. Single or
short and are neatly and densely arranged. (60–80cm), S 24in (60cm). Bears large, and tightly arranged, with edges semidouble axillary flowers are often
Z3–8 H8–1. scented, semidouble, white flowers; each sometimes tipped silvery-white. Z3–8 H8–1. produced. Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8
P. ‘Bartzella’, illus. p.229. Clump-forming, petal has purplish blotch at base. P. ‘Festiva Maxima’, illus. p.228. Clump- H8–1.
free-flowering hybrid between an P. ‘Cornelia Shaylor’. Erect, clump- forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has P. ‘Knighthood’, illus. p.229. Clump-
herbaceous perennial and a tree peony. forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). dense, spreading foliage and huge, forming perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm).
H and S 3ft (90cm). In early summer bears Fragrant, double flowers, flushed rose-pink fragrant, double flowers borne on strong Double flowers have densely arranged,
large, scented, double, lemon-yellow on opening and fading to blush-white, are stems. Rather loosely arranged petals are rather narrow, ruffled petals of unusually
flowers, marked with red. borne freely from early to mid-summer. large with irregular margins; outer petals rich burgundy-red. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Bowl of Beauty’, illus. p.228. Clump- Ruffled petals are neatly and densely are pure white, inner ones each have P. ‘Krinkled White’. Robust, clump-
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has arranged. Z3–8 H8–1. crimson, basal blotch. Z3–8 H8–1. forming perennial. H and S to 32in (80cm).
very large, anemone-form flowers with P. ‘Dayspring’. Clump-forming perennial. P. ‘Flamingo’. Clump-forming perennial. Large, bowl-shaped, single, milk-white
pale carmine-pink, outer petals and H and S to 28in (70cm). Has an abundance H and S to 34in (85cm). Double flowers are flowers are sometimes flushed palest pink.
numerous narrow, densely arranged, ivory- of fragrant, single, clear pink flowers borne large and clear pale salmon-pink. Foliage Petals are large with ruffled margins.
white petaloids. Z3–8 H8–1. in trusses. Z3–8 H8–1. provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Buckeye Belle’, illus. p.229. Clump- P. decora. See P. peregrina. P. ‘Garden Treasure’, illus. p.229. P. ‘L’Espérance’, syn. P. x lemoinei
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). Has P. ‘Defender’. Vigorous, clump-forming Clump-forming, free-flowering hybrid ‘L’Espérance’, illus. p.229. Deciduous,
red-tinged, mid-green leaves and perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Single, between an herbaceous perennial and upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 5ft
semidouble, dark red flowers with a mass satiny, crimson flowers, to 6in (15cm) a tree peony. H and S 28–32in (70–80cm). (1.5m). Has very large, single, primrose-
of central, golden staminodes. Z3–8 H8–1. across, with central boss of golden anthers, Has large, semidouble, bright yellow yellow flowers with carmine blotch at base
P. ‘Callie’s Memory’. Clump-forming, are borne on strong stems. Z3–8 H8–1. flowers. of each petal. Z3–8 H8–1.
free-flowering hybrid between an P. delavayi, illus. p.136. var. angustiloba P. ‘Globe of Light’. Clump-forming P. lactiflora (Common garden peony).
herbaceous perennial and a tree peony. is a deciduous, upright, open, suckering perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, Variable, clump-forming perennial.
H 24–28in (60–80cm), S 24in (60cm). shrub or subshrub (tree peony). H to 3ft fragrant, anemone-form flowers. Outer H 28–48in (70–120cm), S 28–39in
Produces large, scented, double, dark- (1m), S 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are divided into petals are pure rose-pink, petaloids clear (70–100cm). Bronze or reddish-brown
centered, cream flowers marked red-pink pointed, oval leaflets, often with reddish golden-yellow. Z3–8 H8–1. stems bear dark green leaves divided
at the edges and base. stalks. Produces small, bowl-shaped, red, P. ‘Heirloom’. Compact, clump-forming into 9 lance-shaped leaflets. In late spring
P. cambessedesii (Majorcan peony), illus. red-purple, yellow, orange or white perennial. H and S to 28in (70cm). Bears or early summer, 1–3 scented, bowl-
p.228. Clump-forming perennial. H and flowers, 2–21⁄2in (5–6cm) across, with masses of large, fragrant, double, pale lilac- shaped, white flowers are borne on each
S 18in (45cm). Has dark green leaves with conspicuous, leafy bracts beneath, in late pink flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. stem. Is more often represented in garden
veins, stalks and under-surfaces suffused spring. var. angustiloba f. alba, syn. P. ‘Instituteur Doriat’. Clump-forming by named selections, most of which are
purple-red. Single, deep rose-pink flowers P. potaninii f. alba has white flowers. var. perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has hybrids. Z3–8 H8–1.
are borne in mid-spring. Z3–8 H8–1. angustiloba f. angustifolia, syn. abundant, large, anemone-form flowers, P. ‘Lady Alexandra Duff’, illus. p.228.
P. ‘Cheddar Cheese’. Clump-forming P. potaninii produces dark red, red or with reddish-carmine, outer petals and Clump-forming perennial. H and S 36in
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Produces reddish-purple flowers. var. angustiloba densely arranged, relatively broad (90cm). Bronze or reddish-brown stems
well-formed, large, double flowers in mid- f. trollioides, syn. P. potaninii var. petaloids, paler and more pink than outer bear dark green leaves divided into leaflets.
summer. Neatly and densely arranged, trollioides, P. trollioides has yellow or petals, with ruffled, silvery-white margins. In late spring or early summer produces
slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, the orange flowers. var. delavayi f. delavayi Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. large, scented, double flowers, with soft
P inner ones incurving, are interspersed with has dark red to purplish flowers. var. P. ‘Jan van Leeuwen’, illus. p.228. pink outer petals and smaller, white
shorter, yellow petals. Z3–8 H8–1. delavayi f. lutea, syn. P. lutea has orange, Clump-forming perennial, H 36in (90cm), inner ones. Flowers fade white in sun.
P. ‘Cheddar Gold’, illus. p.228. Clump- yellow or greenish-yellow flowers, S 28in (70cm). Bronze or reddish-brown Z3–8 H8–1.
forming perennial, H and S 28–32in sometimes red at the bases or on the petal stems bear dark green leaves divided into P. ‘Laura Dessert’, illus. p.229. Clump-
(70–80cm). Bronze or reddish-brown stems margins. var. ludlowii. See P. ludlowii. leaflets. In late spring or early summer forming perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm).
bear dark green leaves divided into 9 lance- P. ‘Dresden’. Robust, clump-forming produces scented, white, bowl-shaped Produces fragrant, double flowers with
shaped leaflets. In late spring or early perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Has flowers, with large, floppy petals and creamy blush-white, outer petals. Densely
summer produces strongly scented flowers, single, ivory-white flowers tinged soft yellow staminodes. arranged, incurving, inner petals are
with rounded, white petals surrounding blush-rose-pink. Foliage provides fall color. P. japonica, illus. p.228. Compact, clump- flushed rich lemon-yellow, and their
central boss of golden staminodes. Z3–8 H8–1. P. ‘Duchesse de Nemours’, forming perennial. H 12–16in (30–40cm), margins are sometimes deeply cut.
P. ‘Chocolate Soldier’. Clump-forming syn. P. ‘Mrs. Gwyn Lewis’. Vigorous, S 8in (20cm). In early spring produces pink- Z3–8 H8–1.
perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has mid- to clump-forming perennial. H and S to 28in tinged stems bearing soft green leaves with P. x lemoinei (P. suffruticosa and P. lutea).
dark green leaves that are often tinged (70cm). Produces masses of richly fragrant, 7–9 rounded leaflets. Produces short-lived, Variable, deciduous, upright, open shrub.
bronze-red when young. Semidouble, double flowers with very large, incurving, cup-shaped, single, white flowers; after H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Bears bold,
purple-red flowers, borne in early summer, outer petals, tinged palest green at first, flowering, leaves continue to develop and mid-green leaves divided into pointed
have yellow-mottled centers. Z3–8 H8–1. soon fading to pure white; inner petals with turn to green. Z3–8 H8–1. leaflets. In early summer produces large,
P. ‘Claire de Lune’, illus. p.229. Clump- irregular margins are densely arranged P. ‘Kelway’s Fairy Queen’, illus. p.228. bowl-shaped, often double flowers in a
forming perennial. H and S 28–32in toward center and are creamy-yellow at Compact, clump-forming perennial. H and range of colors, notably yellow. Z3–8 H8–1.
(70–80cm). In mid-spring, single, pale base. Z3–8 H8–1. S 28–32in (70–80cm). Bronze-brown stems ‘High Noon’ (illus. p.229), H and S 4½ft
yellow flowers, each with central boss of P. ‘Early Windflower’. Clump-forming bear dark green leaves divided into lance- (1.3m), has semidouble, bright yellow
golden staminodes, are borne in pairs. perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). shaped leaflets. In late spring to early flowers, often marked with crimson toward
Z3–8 H8–1. Has bronze-tinged, mid-green leaves. summer bears bowl-shaped, semidouble, center. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘L’Espérance’. See
P. ‘Colonel Heneage’. Clump-forming Produces pendent, cup-shaped, single, soft pink flowers, with deeper outer petals P. ‘L’Espérance’.
perennial of upright habit. H and S to 34in pure white flowers. and golden staminodes. P. lobata. See P. peregrina.
( 85cm). Has masses of anemone-form P. emodi (Himalayan peony), illus. p.228. P. ‘Kelway’s Gorgeous’, illus. p.229. P. ludlowii, syn. P. delavayi var. ludlowii,
flowers with both outer petals and inner Clump-forming perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), Clump-forming perennial. H and S to 34in P. lutea var. ludlowii, illus. p.229. Deciduous,
petaloids of dark rose-crimson. Z3–8 H8–1. S to 3ft (1m). Glossy, green foliage is topped (85cm). Single, intense clear carmine upright, slightly suckering shrub. H to 11ft
P. ‘Coral Charm’, illus. p.228. Clump- by tall stems bearing several large, flowers, with a hint of salmon-pink, are (3.5m), S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are divided
forming perennial. H and S 28in (70cm). fragrant, single, pure white flowers, with borne very freely. Z3–8 H8–1. into sharply pointed, bright green leaflets.
Bears semidouble, peach-pink flowers golden-yellow anthers. Z6–8 H8–6. P. ‘Kelway’s Majestic’. Clump-forming Produces large, bright yellow flowers, to
opening from darker buds. Z3–8 H8–1. P. ‘Evening World’. Clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Freely borne, 5in (12cm) across, in late spring. Z3–8 H8–1.
P. ‘Coral Fay’. Clump-forming perennial perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, fragrant, anemone-form flowers P. lutea. See P. delavayi var. delavayi f.
forming a rather spreading dome. H and abundant, large, anemone-form flowers have bright cherry rose-pink, outer petals lutea. var. ludlowii. See P. ludlowii.
S 32–36in (80–90cm). Semidouble, pink- with soft blush-pink, outer petals and very and lilac-pink petaloids flecked with silver P. ‘Madame Louis Henri’. Deciduous,
tinged, rich crimson flowers are paler tightly arranged, pale flesh-pink petaloids. or pale gold. Z3–8 H8–1. upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 5ft
toward petal bases; stamens are golden- Z3–8 H8–1. P. ‘Kelway’s Supreme’. Clump-forming (1.5m). Has loosely semidouble, whitish-
yellow. P. ‘Félix Crousse’, syn. P. ‘Victor Hugo’, perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, yellow flowers with large, incurving, outer
P. corallina. See P. mascula subsp. illus. p.229. Vigorous, clump-forming strongly fragrant, double flowers, petals very heavily suffused with rusty-red.
650 mascula. perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Bears produced over a long period, sometimes Smaller, often darker, inner petals each
P. ‘Cora Louise’. Clump-forming, free- a profusion of fragrant, double, rich borne in clusters on well-established have basal, dull red blotch. Z3–8 H8–1.
PANDANUS
P. ‘Magic Orb’, illus. p.229. Clump- Between late spring and early summer light green leaves that are fringed and single, pale primrose-yellow flowers, each
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). bears double, soft pastel-pink flowers, twisted. ‘Hakuo-jisi’ (illus. p.228), H and with large, central boss of yellow anthers
Bears masses of large, strongly fragrant, slightly richer at petal tips. Z3–8 H8–1. S 5ft (1.5m) or more, is strong growing and on purple-red filaments. Leaves are divided
double flowers, each with several outer P. potaninii. See P. delavayi var. bears large, double, white flowers in early into broadly oval leaflets, shiny dark green
whorls of fairly broad, ruffled, intense angustiloba f. angustifolia. f. alba. See summer; petals are finely marked with above, paler beneath. Z3–8 H8–1.
cherry-pink petals and center of densely P. delavayi var. angustiloba f. alba. var. purple at base. ‘Hana-daijin’
arranged, smaller, incurving petals. trollioides. See P. delavayi var. (‘Magnificent Flower’), H and S 6ft (2m) or
PALIURUS
Outermost rows of central petals are blush- angustiloba f. trollioides. more, is a vigorous cultivar that bears
white, heavily shaded with mid-rose- P. ‘Président Poincaré’. Clump-forming masses of double, purple flowers. Z3–8 RHAMNACEAE
carmine; the innermost petals are mostly perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Fragrant, H8–1. ‘Hana-kisoi’ (‘Floral Rivalry’; illus. Genus of deciduous, spiny, summer-
creamy-white. Foliage provides fall color. double, clear rich ruby-crimson flowers are p.228) has double, pale cerise-pink flowers. flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
Z3–8 H8–1. borne very freely. Foliage provides fall ‘Kamada-nishiki’ (‘Kamada Brocade’), their foliage and flowers. P. spina-christi
P. mascula subsp. arietina, syn. color. Z3–8 H8–1. H and S to 4ft (1.2m), produces large, is also grown for its religious association,
P. arietina Tuberous perennial. H and S to P. ‘Red Charm’. Clump-forming double flowers, to 8in (20cm) across, that reputedly being the plant from which
30in (75cm). Foliage is hairy underneath perennial with rather spreading dome. are lilac-pink striped white at petal Christ’s crown of thorns was made.
and dark green; stems are dark red. Has H and S 32in (80cm). Bears large, double, margins. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Quing Long Wo Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
single, reddish-pink flowers. Seed capsules rich red flowers. Is good for cut flowers. Mo Chi’, H and S 10ft (3m), has large, Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
with 2–5 boat-shaped sections split to P. rockii, syn. P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii. scented, semidouble, dark purple flowers, or by seed in fall.
reveal purplish-black seeds. Z3–8 H8–1. Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S to 7ft with petals marked green toward base. P. spina-christi, illus. p.116.
subsp. mascula, syn. P. corallina, H and (2.2m). Produces large, spreading, Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Reine Elizabeth’, H and S to
S to 3ft (1m), is clump-forming and has semidouble, white flowers; inner petals 6ft (2m), has large, fully double flowers
hairless leaflets. Produces purple- or with broad, salmon-pink petals, flushed
PAMIANTHE
each have basal, dark maroon blotch. Is
carmine-red, occasionally pink or white difficult to propagate. Z3–8 H8–1. with bright copper-red and lightly ruffled AMARYLLIDACEAE
flowers, with bosses of golden-yellow P. ‘Sarah Bernhardt’, illus. p.228. at margins. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Renkaku’ (‘Flight Genus of one species of evergreen, spring-
anthers borne on purple filaments. Vigorous, erect, clump-forming perennial. of Cranes’), H and S to 3ft (1m), bears flowering bulb, grown for its large,
P. mlokosewitschii, illus. p.227. H and S to 3ft (1m). Bears masses of huge, double flowers, each with broad, incurving, strongly fragrant, showy flowers. Needs
P. ‘Mother of Pearl’. Clump-forming fragrant, fully double flowers, with large, slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, loosely partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
perennial. H to 30in (75cm), S to 24in ruffled, slightly dull rose-pink petals fading arranged in 3 or more whorls, that Feed with high-potash liquid fertilizer in
(60cm). Has grayish-green leaves and to silvery blush-white at margins. Z3–8 surround large boss of long, golden-yellow summer. Reduce watering in winter but do
single, dog rose-pink flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H8–1. anthers. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Rimpo’ (illus. p.229), not allow to dry out. Propagate by seed in
P. ‘Mrs. Gwyn Lewis’. See P. ‘Duchesse P. ‘Shirley Temple’, illus. p.228. Clump- H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, has large, spring or by offsets in late winter.
de Nemours’. forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). scented, semidouble, dark mauve-purple P. peruviana, illus. p.399.
P. obovata var. alba, illus. p.228. Profuse, soft rose-pink flowers, fading to flowers with ruffled petals. subsp. rockii.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 28–36in palest buff-white, are fully double, with See P. rockii. ‘Tama-fuyo’ (‘Jewel in the
(70–90cm). Has erect stems and large, deep Lotus’) is vigorous and freely produces
PANCRATIUM
broad petals arranged in whorls; innermost
Sea lily
green leaves, each with 9 uneven, broadly petals are smaller and more loosely packed. double, pink flowers earlier than most
elliptic leaflets, pale gray-green and slightly Z3–8 H8–1. other cultivars. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Wu Long AMARYLLIDACEAE
hairy beneath. Bears single, cup-shaped, P. ‘Silver Flare’. Clump-forming Peng Sheng’, H and S 10ft (3m), has Genus of bulbs, grown for their large,
white flowers, with purple filaments. Z3–8 perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Stems are scented, rounded, double, magenta-red fragrant, daffodil-like flowers in summer.
H8–1. flushed dull reddish-brown. Produces flowers, with golden staminodes. Z3–8 Needs sun and well-drained soil that is P
P. officinalis (Common peony). Clump- masses of fragrant, single flowers, with H8–1. ‘Yachiyo-tsubaki’ (illus. p.228), warm and dry in summer when bulbs are
forming, tuberous perennial. H and S to rather long, slender, rich carmine-pink H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, produces dormant. Plant at least 6in (15cm) deep.
24in (60cm). This single, red apothecaries’ petals, each feathering to silvery-white masses of semidouble, clear pink flowers. Feed with a high-potash liquid fertilizer
peony has long been in cultivation, but is edge. Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. P. tenuifolia (Fernleaf poppy). Clump- every 2 weeks from fall to spring. Propagate
seldom seen today, having been superseded P. ‘Sir Edward Elgar’. Clump-forming forming perennial. H and S to 18in (45cm). by seed in fall or by offsets in early fall.
by larger, often double-flowered hybrids, perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has Has single, dark crimson flowers, with P. illyricum, illus. p.408.
such as the following. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Alba masses of single, chocolate-brown-tinged, golden-yellow anthers. Deep green leaves, P. maritimum (Sea daffodil). Late
Plena’, H and S to 30in (75cm), has double, rich crimson flowers, with bosses of loosely pale and gray-green beneath, are finely summer-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm),
white flowers that are sometimes tinged arranged, clear lemon-yellow anthers. divided into pointed, linear segments. Z3–8 S 10–12in (25–30cm). Has strap-shaped,
with pink. ‘China Rose’, H and S to 18in Foliage provides fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. H8–1. erect, grayish-green, basal leaves. Produces
(45cm), has dark green foliage and single P. x smouthii. Clump-forming perennial. P. ‘Thunderbolt’, illus. p.229. Clump- head of 5–12 white flowers, each with
flowers, with incurving, clear dark salmon- H and S to 24in (60cm). Produces masses forming perennial. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 28–32in large, deep cup in center and 6 spreading
rose petals and orange-yellow anthers. of fragrant, single, glistening, dark crimson (70–80cm). In mid-spring has masses of petals. Is shy-flowering in cultivation.
‘Crimson Globe’, H and S 28–34in flowers, with yellow stamens, although slightly pendent, single, deep red flowers, Z8–11 H12–8.
(70–85cm), produces single, garnet-red both flowers and foliage may vary in color. often streaked dark purple.
flowers, with golden-yellow stamens. Z3–8 H8–1. P. trollioides. See P. delavayi var.
‘Rubra Plena’ (illus. p.229), H and S to angustiloba f. trollioides.
PANDANUS
P. ‘Souvenir de Maxime Cornu’.
Screw pine
30in (75cm), is long-lived and has leaves Deciduous, upright shrub (tree peony). P. veitchii, illus. p.229. Clump-forming
divided into broadly oval leaflets, and H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Large, richly fragrant perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). In early PANDANACEAE
double, vivid pinkish-crimson flowers, flowers are fully double with warm golden- summer produces nodding, cup-shaped, Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
with ruffled petals. yellow petals densely arranged toward single, purple-pink flowers. Glossy, bright scramblers, grown for their foliage and
P. ‘Paul M. Wild’, illus. p.229. Clump- center; ruffled margins are dull reddish- green leaves are divided into oblong to overall appearance. Flowers and fruits
forming perennial. H and S 36in (90cm). orange. Z3–8 H8–1. elliptic leaflets. Z3–8 H8–1. appear only on large, mature specimens.
Bronze-brown stems bear dark green P. suffruticosa (Moutan). Deciduous, P. ‘Victor Hugo’. See P. ‘Félix Crousse’. Needs full light or partial shade and fertile,
leaves divided into 9 lance-shaped leaflets. upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 7ft P. ‘White Wings’, illus. p.228. Clump- well-drained soil. Water container plants
In late spring or early summer produces (2.2m). Bears variable, large, cup-shaped forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). freely when in full growth, moderately at
large, fully double, bowl-shaped, flowers, single or semidouble, with In mid-summer produces masses of large, other times. Propagate by seed or suckers
ruby-red flowers. incurving, rose-pink or white petals, each fragrant, single flowers, with broad, white in spring or by cuttings of lateral shoots in
P. peregrina, syn. P. decora, P. lobata. sometimes with usually chocolate-maroon, petals, sometimes tinged sulfur-yellow, that summer. Red spider mite may be
Clump-forming, tuberous perennial. H and basal blotch. Has given rise to many are each slightly ruffled at tip. Glossy, dark troublesome.
S to 3ft (1m). Bears bowl-shaped, single, cultivars with semidouble and double green leaves provide fall color. Z3–8 H8–1. P. odoratissimus of gardens. See
ruby-red flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Otto flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Cardinal Vaughan’ P. ‘Whitleyi Major’, illus. p.228. Clump- P. tectorius.
Froebel’ (illus. p.229) has glossy, bright (illus. p.229) has semidouble, ruby-purple forming perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S to 2ft P. tectorius, syn. P. odoratissimus (Thatch
green leaves and bears large, single, flowers. ‘Duchess of Marlborough’, (60cm). Large, single, ivory-white flowers screw pine). Evergreen, rounded tree. H to
vermilion flowers, tinged with salmon-rose. H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, produces have satin sheen and central bosses of clear 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m) or more. Has rosettes
P. ‘Pillow Talk’, illus. p.228. Clump- semidouble, soft, warm pink flowers, with yellow anthers. Foliage and stems are of strap-shaped, deep green leaves, 3–5ft
forming perennial. H and S 28–32in feathery petals. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Godaishu’ flushed rich reddish-brown. Z3–8 H8–1. (1–1.5m) long, with spiny margins and
(70–80cm). Bronze or reddish-stems bear (‘Large Globe’) bears semi- or fully double, P. wittmanniana. Clump-forming spiny midrib beneath. Small flowers, the 651
dark green leaves divided into leaflets. white flowers, with yellow centers, amid perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m). Has large, males in clusters, each with a lance-shaped,
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PANDOREA
white bract, are borne mainly in summer. fragrant, single, white-and-yellow flower, to 4in (10cm) wide, in shades of red, pink, produced in winter. Has oval leaves, 6in
Fruits are like round pineapples. Z14–15 sometimes marked green outside, in purple or white, are produced in summer. (15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. H11–6.
H12–10. ‘Veitchii’, syn. P. veitchii, illus. summer. Many color forms have been Z3–8 H8–1. Several double-flowered forms P. Maudiae gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
p.454. selected. Leaves are oval, toothed and soft are available, including Carnation- terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary,
P. veitchii. See P. tectorius ‘Veitchii’. green. Needs partial shade. Is good for a flowered Series, with fringed flowers clear apple-green or deep reddish-purple
rock garden. Z2–7 H9–2. in mixed colors; Paeoniiflorum Group, flowers, 4in (10cm) across, appear on long
P. fauriei, syn. P. miyabeanum of gardens, illus. p.303. ‘Pink Beauty’, which has stems in spring or early summer. Has oval,
PANDOREA illus. p.373. salmon-pink flowers; and ‘White Cloud’, mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Requires
BIGNONIACEAE P. ‘Fireball’, illus. p.238. Tuft-forming which produces large, white flowers. shade in summer. H11–6.
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, perennial, spreading by stolons. H 14in P. niveum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid.
(35cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Has elliptical, H 2in (5cm). Solitary, white flowers, 11/2in
twining climbers, grown for their flowers
lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In
PAPHIOPEDILUM (4cm) across, are produced mainly in spring.
and leaves. Needs sun and well-drained
Slipper orchid
soil. Prune after flowering to restrain early summer, upright, rather wiry stems Oval, marbled leaves are 3in (8cm) long.
growth. Propagate by seed in spring or produce large, solitary, double, bright ORCHIDACEAE Needs shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6.
by stem cuttings or layering in summer. tangerine-orange flowers. Z4–9 H9–1. T Contact with foliage may aggravate skin P. rothschildianum, illus. p.467.
P. jasminoides, syn. Bignonia P. ‘Medallion’, illus. p.238. Tuft-forming allergies. See also ORCHIDS. Evergreen, clump-forming, terrestrial
jasminoides, illus. p.459. perennial, spreading by stolons. H 34in P. appletonianum. Evergreen, orchid. H and S 20in (50cm). Spikes of 2–6
P. lindleyana. See Clytostoma (85cm), S 28–39in (70–100cm). Has elliptical, terrestrial orchid. H 3in (8cm). In spring, pouch-lipped, creamy-yellow flowers, with
callistegioides. lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In green flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across and maroon stripes, mahogany pouch and
P. pandorana, syn. Tecoma australis, early and late summer, numerous upright, each with pouched, brownish lip and elongated petals, to 51/2in (14cm) long, are
Bignonia pandorana (Wonga wonga vine). sturdy stems bear large, solitary, pinkish- pink-flushed petals, are borne singly produced in summer. Has strap-shaped,
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, purple flowers that last for several days. on tall, slender stems. Has oval, mottled mid-green leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
twining climber. H 20ft (6m) or more. P. miyabeanum of gardens. See P. fauriei. leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in Needs shade in summer. H11–1.
Leaves have 3–9 scalloped leaflets. Bears P. nudicaule of gardens. See P. croceum. summer. Z12–15 H12–6. P. sukhakulii. Evergreen, terrestrial
small, funnel-shaped, cream flowers, P. orientale (Oriental poppy). Rosetted P. armeniacum, illus. p.467. Evergreen, orchid. H 3in (8cm). In spring–summer,
streaked and often spotted with red, brown perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1–3ft (30cm–1m). terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm), S 10in solitary, purple-pouched, black-spotted,
or purple, in clusters in summer. H12–8. Single, brilliant vermilion flowers, with (25cm). In spring, pouch-lipped, bright green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
P. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana. dark blotches at bases of petals, are borne yellow flowers, 21/2–41/2in (6–11cm) across, on tall stems. Has oval, mottled leaves,
in early summer. Has broadly lance- with red lines in centers, are borne singly 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.
shaped, toothed or cut, rough, mid-green on tall stem. Strap-shaped leaves, 21/2–16in Z12–15 H12–6.
PANICUM leaves. Flowering stems need support. P. venustum. Evergreen, terrestrial
(6–15cm) long, marbled light and dark
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Allegro’, syn. P. orientale green above, purple spotted beneath, are orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary, variably
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, ‘Allegro Viva’, H 24–30in (60–75cm), has borne from creeping rhizome. Needs shade colored flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across,
and SEDGES. bright scarlet flowers. ‘Allegro Viva’. in summer. ranging from pink to orange with green
P. capillare (Witch grass). Tuft-forming, See P. orientale ‘Allegro’. ‘Beauty of P. bellatulum, illus. p.467. Evergreen, veins and darker spots, are borne in fall.
annual grass. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft Livermere’, illus. p.235. ‘Black and terrestrial orchid. H 2in (5cm). Bears Has oval, mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long.
(30cm). Has broad leaves and hairy stems. White’ (illus. p.238) is vigorous and has solitary, almost stemless, rounded, pouch- Needs shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6.
Top half of each stem bears a dense panicle large, white flowers. var. bracteatum lipped, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
of numerous, minute, greenish-brown (illus. p.238), H 4ft (1.2m), is a robust, spotted with dark maroon, in spring. Oval, PARADISEA
P spikelets on delicate stalks in summer. vigorous perennial with ruff of bract-like marbled leaves are 3in (8cm) long. Needs
Paradise lily, St. Bruno’s lily
H12–1. leaves held below large, deeply cupped, shade in summer. H11–6.
P. virgatum ‘Northwind’, illus. p.289. blood-red flowers, with black, basal P. Buckhurst gx ‘Mont Millais’, illus. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
blotches. ‘Cedric Morris’, H 28in (70cm), p.467. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 4in Genus of perennials, grown for their
produces pastel grayish-pink flowers. (10cm). Solitary, rounded, yellow-and-white flowers and foliage. Requires sun and
PAPAVER ‘Choir Boy’ (illus. p.238) is variable, fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
flowers, to 5in (12cm) across, lined and
Poppy
compact and bears ruffled, white flowers spotted with red, are produced in winter. division in spring or by seed in fall. After
PAPAVERACEAE marked at base with 4 black blotches. Has oval leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Requires division may not flower for a season.
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, ‘Graue Witwe’ has ruffled, gray-white shade in summer. H11–6. P. liliastrum (St. Bruno’s lily). Clump-
some of which are semievergreen, grown flowers. ‘Indian Chief’ has deep P. callosum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. forming, fleshy-rooted perennial. H 12–24in
for their cup-shaped flowers. Needs sun mahogany-red flowers. ‘Karine’ (illus. H 3in (8cm). Purple- and green-veined, (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Slender stems,
or partial shade and prefers moist but well- p.238) has bowl-shaped, soft pale pink white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne bearing racemes of saucer-shaped, white
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or flowers marked with dark red blotches. on tall stems in spring–summer. Has oval, flowers in early summer, arise above broad,
spring, P. orientale and its cultivars by ‘Kleine Tänzerin’ bears abundant, mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs grasslike, grayish-green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7.
root cuttings in winter. Self-seeds readily. ruffled, dark pink flowers. ‘Lauren’s shade in summer. Z12–15 H12–6.
P. alpinum subsp. burseri. See Lilac’ has soft lilac-mauve flowers. ‘May P. fairrieanum, illus. p.467. Evergreen, PARAHEBE
P. burseri. Queen’ bears double, orange flowers. terrestrial orchid. H 3in (8cm). Solitary,
P. atlanticum. Clump-forming, short- ‘Mrs. Perry’ has large, salmon-pink rich purple- and green-veined flowers, SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE
lived perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has flowers. ‘Patty’s Plum’ (illus. p.238) 2in (5cm) across, with curved petals and Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
oval, toothed, hairy leaves and, in summer, produces rich muddy-purple flowers that orange-brown pouches, are borne in fall. summer-flowering perennials, subshrubs
single, dull orange flowers. Is good for a fade as they age. ‘Perry’s White’, H 32in Oval leaves are 3in (8cm) long. Needs shade and shrubs, similar to Hebe and Veronica.
rock garden. Z5–7 H7–4. (80cm), has satiny, white flowers with in summer. H11–6. Is suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and
P. burseri, syn. P. alpinum subsp. burseri. purple centers. ‘Prinzessin Victoria P. Freckles gx, illus. p.466. Evergreen, well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
Semievergreen, tuft-forming, short-lived Louise’ has large, salmon-pink flowers. terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary, by semiripe cuttings in early summer.
perennial, best treated as an annual or ‘Turkish Delight’ (illus. p.238) bears rounded, reddish-brown-spotted and P. catarractae, illus. p.342.
biennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in (10cm). unblotched, bright salmon-pink flowers. pouched, white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, P. lyallii. Semievergreen, prostrate shrub.
Has finely cut, gray leaves. Produces single, ‘Watermelon’ has flowers of vivid are produced in winter. Has oval leaves, H 6in (15cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). Has oval,
white flowers in summer. Is suitable for a watermelon-pink. 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer. toothed, leathery leaves. In early summer,
rock garden, wall or bank. Z5–8 H8–5. P. rhoeas (Corn poppy, Field poppy, H11–6. erect stems bear loose sprays of flattish,
P. commutatum, syn. P. commutatum Flanders poppy). Shirley Group (double) P. haynaldianum. Evergreen, terrestrial pink-veined, white flowers. Z8–9 H9–8.
‘Ladybird’. Fast-growing, erect, branching is a fast-growing, slender, erect annual. orchid. H 5in (12cm). In summer, long- P. perfoliata, syn. Veronica perfoliata,
annual. H and S 18in (45cm). Has elliptic, H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lobed, petaled, brown-marked, green-, pink-and- illus. p.271.
deeply lobed, mid-green leaves and, in light green leaves. In summer produces white flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, are
summer, single, red flowers, each with rounded, often cup-shaped, double flowers, produced singly. Has oval leaves, 8–9in
PARAQUILEGIA
black blotch in center. H8–1. ‘Ladybird’. in shades of red, pink or white, including (20–23cm) long. Requires shade in summer.
See P. commutatum. bicolors; (single) illus. p.310. H11–1. Z12–15 H12–6. RANUNCULACEAE
P. croceum, syn. P. nudicaule (Arctic P. somniferum (Opium poppy). Fast- P. Lyric gx ‘Glendora’, illus. p.467. Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
poppy, Iceland poppy). Tuft-forming growing, upright annual. H 30in (75cm), Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). cup-shaped flowers and fernlike foliage. Is
652 perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). S 12in (30cm). Has oblong, lobed, light Solitary, rounded, glossy, white-red-and- difficult to cultivate and flower successfully.
Hairy stems each produce solitary, grayish-green leaves. Large, single flowers, green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are Prefers dry winters and cool climates. Is
PASSIFLORA
good in alpine houses and troughs. Needs green leaflets, paler beneath, that turn
sun and gritty, well-drained, alkaline soil. PARODIA PARONYCHIA crimson in fall. Blue-black berries are
Propagate by seed in fall. CACTACEAE Whitlow-wort produced in fall. Is ideal for covering
P. anemonoides, syn. P. grandiflora, ILLECEBRACEAE/CARYOPHYLLACEAE a high wall or building. Z7–9 H9–1.
Genus of rounded, perennial cacti with
illus. p.350. P. striata. See Cissus striata.
tubercles arranged in ribs that often spiral Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
P. grandiflora. See P. anemonoides. P. thomsonii. See Cayratia thomsonii.
around green stems. Crown forms woolly for their loose mats of prostrate stems.
P. tricuspidata, illus. p.209. ‘Lowii’, illus.
buds, then funnel-shaped flowers. Requires Is useful for rock gardens and walls. Needs
p.209. ‘Veitchii’, syn. Ampelopsis veitchii,
PARASERIANTHES full sun or partial shade and very well- sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
illus. p.210.
LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE drained soil. Water very lightly in winter; division in spring.
tends to lose roots during a long period P. capitata (Nailwort, Willow wort).
Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
of drought. Propagate by seed in spring Vigorous, evergreen, mat-forming PASSIFLORA
trees, grown for their feathery foliage
or summer. perennial. H 1/2in (1cm), S 16in (40cm). Granadilla, Passion flower
and unusual flower heads, composed
P. chrysacanthion, illus. p.496. Silvery leaves are small and oval. In PASSIFLORACEAE
of numerous stamens and resembling
P. concinna, syn. Notocactus apricus. summer produces inconspicuous flowers
bottlebrushes. Do not plant out until late Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
Flattened spherical, perennial cactus. surrounded by papery bracts. Makes
spring. Needs full sun and well-drained woody-stemmed, tendril climbers, grown
H 3in (7cm), S 4in (10cm). Much-ribbed, good groundcover. Z8–10 H10–8.
soil. Propagate by seed in spring. for their unusual flowers, each one with a
pale green stem is densely covered with P. kapela subsp. serpyllifolia, illus.
P. lophantha, syn. Albizia distachya, central corona of filaments. Produces egg-
short, soft, golden-brown spines. In p.375.
Albizia lophantha, illus. p.89. shaped to rounded, fleshy, edible fruits that
summer, crown produces flattish, glossy,
mature to orange or yellow in fall. Needs
bright yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, PARROTIA
PARIS with purple stigmas. Prefers partial
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
HAMAMELIDACEAE drained soil. Water freely in full growth,
LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE shade. Z13–15 H12–1.
less at other times. Stems need support.
P. erinacea, syn. Wigginsia vorwerkiana. Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous grown for its flowers and fall color. Flower Thin out and spur back crowded growth
perennials. Flowers are followed by fleshy Slow-growing, flattened spherical,
buds may be killed by hard frosts. Requires in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
fruits with black or red seeds. Requires full perennial cactus. H 3in (8cm), S 31/2in by semiripe cuttings in summer.
(9cm). Glossy stem, with up to 20 wartlike full sun and prefers fertile, moist but well-
or partial shade and rich soil. Propagate by drained soil. Is lime-tolerant, but usually P. x allardii, syn. P. ‘Allardii’. Strong-
division in spring or by seed in fall. T The ribs, has yellow-white spines and bears
colors best in acidic soil. Propagate by growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
seeds may cause mild stomach upset if yellow flowers in summer. Z13–15 tendril climber. H 22–30ft (7–10m). Has
H12–10. softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
ingested. in fall. 3-lobed leaves. Pink-tinged, white flowers,
P. polyphylla, syn. Daiswa polyphylla. P. haselbergii (Scarlet ball cactus). 3–4in (7–10cm) wide, with purple-banded
P. persica, illus. p.77.
Erect, rhizomatous perennial. H 2–3ft subsp. graessneri is a slow-growing, crowns, are produced in summer–fall.
(60cm–1m), S to 1ft (30cm). In early flattened spherical, perennial cactus. H 4in Z7–9 H9–7.
summer, at tips of slender stems, produces (10cm), S 10in (25cm). Bristly, golden spines PARROTIOPSIS P. ‘Allardii’. See P. x allardii.
unusual flowers consisting of ruff of green cover much-ribbed, green stem. Slightly HAMAMELIDACEAE P. antioquiensis, syn. Tacsonia van-
sepals, with another ruff of greenish-yellow sunken crown bears funnel-shaped, glossy, volxemii (Red banana passionflower).
Genus of one species of deciduous tree or
petals, marked with crimson above, greenish-yellow flowers, with yellow Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
shrub, grown for its ornamental, dense
crowned by violet-purple stigma. Leaves, stigmas, in early spring. Prefers partial tendril climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Has
flower heads surrounded by conspicuous
borne in whorls at stem tips, are lance- shade. subsp. haselbergii, syn. downy leaves, with 3 deep lobes. Bears
bracts. Needs sun or partial and any fertile,
shaped to oval and mid-green. Z5–8 H8–5. Notocactus haselbergii, illus. p.487.
well-drained soil except very shallow soil long-tubed, rose-red flowers, 4–5in P
P. leninghausii, syn. Notocactus (10–12cm) across, with purplish-blue
over chalk. Propagate by softwood cuttings
leninghausii. Clump-forming, perennial
PARKINSONIA cactus. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Woolly
in summer or by seed in fall. centers, in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10.
P. jacquemontiana. Deciduous, shrubby P. caerulea, illus. p.204. ‘Constance
LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE crown always slopes toward sun. In Elliot’ is a fast-growing, evergreen or
or upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has
Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering summer, on plants more than 4in (10cm) semievergreen, woody-stemmed, tendril
witch-hazel-like, dark green leaves that
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers tall, yellow blooms open flat. Z13–15 climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Has rich
turn yellow in fall. From mid- to late spring
and overall appearance. Needs full sun, a H12–10. green leaves. In summer–fall produces
and in summer bears clusters of minute
dry atmosphere and fertile, well-drained P. mammulosa, syn. Notocactus bowl-shaped, fragrant, white flowers, with
flowers, with tufts of yellow stamens,
soil. Water container specimens moderately mammulosus. Spherical, perennial cactus. pale blue or white filaments. Z6–9 H9–6.
surrounded by white bracts. Z6–9 H9–6.
when in full growth, sparingly at other H and S 4in (10cm). Green stem has about P. x caeruleoracemosa. See P. x violacea.
times. Pruning is tolerated, but spoils the 20 ribs and straight, stiff, yellow-brown P. x caponii ‘John Innes’. Strong-
natural habit. Propagate by seed in spring. to white spines. Woolly crown produces PARTHENOCISSUS growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
P. aculeata (Jerusalem thorn). Evergreen, masses of golden flowers in summer. VITACEAE tendril climber. H 25ft (8m). Has 3-lobed
feathery shrub or tree with spiny, green Z13–15 H12–10. leaves and bowl-shaped, nodding, white
Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
stem. H and S 10–20ft (3–6m) or more. Long, P. microsperma, syn. P. sanguiniflora, flowers, flushed claret-purple, with purple-
tendril climbers, grown for their leaves,
linear leaves have winged midribs bearing illus. p.487. which often turn beautiful colors in fall. banded, white crowns, in summer–fall.
tiny, elliptic, short-lived leaflets. Produces P. mueller-melchersii, syn. P. rutilans, Broad tips of tendrils have sucker-like pads Z13–15 H12–10.
fragrant, 5-petaled, yellow flowers in Notocactus rutilans, illus. p.486. that cling to supports. Has insignificant, P. coccinea, illus. p.462.
arching racemes in spring. Z11–12 H12–10. P. nivosa, illus. p.487. greenish flowers in summer. Will quickly P. x exoniensis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
P. ottonis, syn. Notocactus ottonis. cover a north- or east-facing wall or fence woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 25ft
Variable, spherical, perennial cactus. H and
PARNASSIA S 4in (10cm). Pale to dark green stem has
and may be grown up a large tree. Needs (8m) or more. Leaves have 3 deep lobes

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AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, DELHI

North American Editors Christine Heilman, Rebecca Warren

Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.

From all of us at the American Horticultural Society, happy gardening!

FIRST EDITION CONTRIBUTORS

Michael Upward Perennials

Preface 5 Climbers and Rock plants 328

Roses 168 Annuals, biennials, PLANT DICTIONARY 497

The Plant Selector The Plant Catalog

TREES Pinus radiata, p.98

cannot recall its name,

have a specimen that

you want to identify, or

simply wish to choose

plants for your garden

based on their size or

coloring, the Plant

Catalog is the place

by group, then listed spring and then quite often

alphabetically. AD Z8–10 H10–8 10ft

of interest). Size categories range small can be found in the introductory 3m 0 3m

summer-ﬂowering species. These, and cultivars that are not

M. ‘Vulcan’ Magnolia BLACK TULIP (‘Jurmag1’)

Color order Plant types or genera

describes the plants

s v Prefers moist soil cultivation and planting. 70

Prefers partial shade M. wilsonii M. liliiﬂora ‘Nigra’ M. x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’

t Tolerates full shade w Prefers wet soil

The genus name is

introductions in the Plant Dictionary.

Rhododendron ‘Percy Wiseman’

the distinctive characteristics

Evergreen rhododendron with a domed,

Size and shape Mignonette

and hardiness range of plants RHEUM

For most plants the approximate height (H)

in the genus, as well as advice

and spread (S) are given at the end of each Rhubarb

open funnel-shaped, peach-yellow on siting, cultivation,

caption. (The “height” of a trailing plant is

the length of its stems, either hanging or

pruning, pests and diseases,

Genus of perennials, grown for their

spreading.) For Trees, Conifers, and Shrubs,

BDMt Z6–9 H9–6

name is abbreviated; specific partial shade and deep, rich, well-

needs are included only produces long stems and conical

from the species entry, ﬂowers. Z6–9 H9–6

AD Z6–8 H8–2 10ft

Plant names Captions

plant kingdom is divided into a universally similar characteristics.

provides all the information you need to create stunning beds

and borders. There is helpful advice on choosing color schemes,

including dazzling hot beds, relaxing pastel designs, and elegant

white displays, as well as ideas for using plant forms and

textures to create arresting images throughout the year. There

the informality of a cottage garden or the ordered symmetry of

a formal design. Practical advice on a range of gardening

techniques, including preparing the soil, planting methods,

and pruning basics, completes the picture.