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Common and Scientific Name Appendix

he following appendix lists the common and scientific names of microorganisms, fungi, plants, and animals mentioned in the report. The names are listed in the following order: viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. Species, or the lowest grouping referred to in the text, are given in alphabetical order by common name, followed by the appropriate scientific name. The intermediate headings are not in a taxonomic classification hierarchy but instead are meant to lead the reader to smaller groupings familiar to most persons. The major source for verifying and correcting the scientific names of organisms was the Integrated Taxonomic Information System [http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis]. Additional sources are listed below:

Turgeon, D. D., chair. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada. Mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. 277 pp., 12 color plates. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994a. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. 50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 42 pp. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994b. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; animal candidate review for listing as endangered or threatened species; proposed rule. Federal Register 59(219):58982-59028. Werner, F. G., chairman. 1982. Common names of insects and related organisms. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Md. 132 pp.

American Ornithologists Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds, 6th edition. American Ornithologists Union, Washington, D.C. 877 pp. American Ornithologists Union. 1993. Thirty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithologists Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 110:675-682. American Ornithologists Union. 1995. Fortieth supplement to the American Ornitologists Union Check-list of North American Birds. Auk 112:819-830. American Society of Microbiology. 1989. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 4 vols. Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, editors. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 166. 79 pp. Brusca, R. C., and G. J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass. 922 pp. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 1. Introduction. Oxford University Press, New York. 372 pp. Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993b. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York. 372 pp. Hickman, J. C., editor. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1400 pp. Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. U.S. Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 200. 1051 pp. Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Timber Press, Portland, Ore. Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 541. 375 pp. Little, E. L., Jr., and F. H. Wadsworth. 1964. Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 249. 548 pp. Little, E. L., Jr., R. O. Woodbury, and F. H. Wadsworth. 1988. Arboles de Puerto Rico y las Islas Virgenes. Volume 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 449-S. 1,177 pp. North American Butterfly Association. 1995. Checklist and English names of North American butterflies. North American Butterfly Association, Morristown, N.J. 43 pp. Nowak, R. M. and J. L. Paradiso. 1983. Walkers mammals of the world. 4th edition. 2 volumes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md. 1362 pp. Parker, S.P., editor. 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. 2 volumes. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 2398 pp. Pennak, R. W. 1989. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 628 pp. Robins, C. R., chairman. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Fifth edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 20. 183 pp.

Compiled by Paul A. Opler (USGS retired) Department of Bioagricultural Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523

Viruses
Viruses have no genus and species names because they are not strictly complete self-replicating organisms. Black band disease Cetacean morbillivirus Duck plague Green turtle papilloma [Causative agent is uncertain] Hematopoietic necrosis virus Herpes virus Infectious hypodermal virus Rabies [Causative agent is a rhabdovirus] White band disease

Bacteria
Actinomycete bacteria Avian botulism Avian cholera Bacillus B.T. Bacteria [No common name] Bacteria [No common name] Bacteria [No common name] Bioluminescing bacteria Brucellosis Cholera Coliform bacteria Marine bacteria Withering foot disease Actinomycetales Clostridium botulinum Pasteurella multocida Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki Deinococcaceae Mycoplasma species Spiroplasma species [No scientific name] Brucella abortus Vibrio cholera [No scientific name] Archaea [No scientific name]

Blue-green algae
Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Blue-green alga [No common name] Coccoid cyanobacteria Anabaena species Anabaenopsis elenkinii Aphanizomenon species Chroococcus species Gloeocapsus species Gomphospheria species Lyngbya contorta Lyngbya species Merismopedium species Microcystis aeruginosa Rivularia species Cyanobacteria

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Marine alga Microscopic diatoms MSX and Dermo Dictyota Class Bacillariophyceae [No scientific names]

Fungi
Agaricias Bracket fungi Chestnut blight Coral fungus Cryptobiotic (Microbiotic) crusts Dogwood anthracnose Dutch elm disease Elm phloem necrosis Field mushrooms Foliose lichens Fungus [No common name] Fungus [No common name] Honey mushroom Laminated root rot Lichens Lobaria lichens Mildews Molds Mycorrhizal fungi Root rot Rusts San Joaquin Valley fever (coccidiomycosis) Smuts Stalked puffballs Stalked puffballs Toadstools, bracket fungi, mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns Truffles White pine blister rust Woven spored lichen Agaricia species Family Polyporaceae Endothia parasitica Ramaria araiospora Complexes of fungi and blue-green algae [No scientific name] Ophiostoma ulmi [No scientific name] Agaricus species [No scientific name] Entomophaga maimaiga Piloderma fallax Armillaria bulbosa or A. gallica Phellinus weirii Several families Lobaria species Order Mucorales Division Zygomycota (Mycorrhizal fungi belong to several fungal divisions) Family Tricholomataceae Order Uredinales Coccidioides immitis [causative organism] Order Ustilaginales Family Tulostomataceae Tulostoma species Division Basidiomycota Order Tuberales Cronartius ribicola Texosporium sancti-jacobi

Green algae
Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Green alga [No common name] Chaetomorpha species Chara vulgaris Chlamydomonas species Chlorella vulgara Halimeda species Microdictyon species Monostroma species Pediastrum biradiatum Rhizoclonium species Scenedsmus quadricauda Staurastrum americanum Ulothrix species Ulva species

Red algae
Bubble algae Coralline algae Filamentous algae [No scientific name] Family Corallinaceae [No scientific name]

Plants
Nonseed plants
Club-mosses Ferns and allies
Aleutian shield-fern American harts-tongue fern Australian tree-fern Bracken Common tree-fern Elfin tree-fern Fern [No common name] Fern [No common name] Fern [No common name] Fern [No common name] Fern [No common name] Fern [No common name] Fern [No common name] Giant tree-fern Hapuu (tree-ferns) Helecho gigante espinoso or spiny tree-fern Howells quillwort Lady fern Marsilea ferns Moonwort Northern beech fern Royal fern Southern marsh fern Sword fern Uluhe Polystichum aleuticum Asplenium scolopendrium Cyathea cooperi Pteridium aquilinum Cyathea species Cyathea dryopteroides Adiantum vivesii Elaphoglossum serpens Polystichum calderonense Tectaria estremerana Thelypteris inaborensis Thelypteris verecunda Thelypteris yaucoensis Cyathea arborea Cibotium species Nephelea portoricensis Isotes howellii Athyrium filix-femina Marsilea mucronata Botrychium lunaria Phegopteris connectilis Osmunda regalis Thelypteris palustris Polystichum species Dicranopteris linearis Lycopodium species

Algae
Algae and diatoms
Alga [No common name] Alga [No common name] Alga [No common name] Alga [No common name] Calcareous algae Macroalgae Alga [No common name] Bostrichia species Ectocarpus species Enteromorpha species Polysiphonia species [No scientific name] [No scientific name] Microdictyon

Algae, autotrophic protists

Diatoms and golden-brown algae
Brown tide Chrysophyte [No common name] Chrysophyte [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Diatom [No common name] Giant kelp Giant kelp, bull kelp Kelps Luminescent dinoflagellates [No scientific name] Cryptomonas species Ochromonas species Actinoptychus undulatus Biddulphia aurita Chaetoceros breve Coscinodiscus species Cyclotella species Cylindrotheca species Diploneis elliptica Gyrosigma species Navicula species Nitzschia species Pseudonitschia australis Surirella robusta Macrocystis pyrifera Nereocystis leutkesana Laminaria species Gonyaulax species

Horsetails
Horsetails Equisetum pratense, E. sylvaticum

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses

Feathermosses Liverworts Mosses Peat moss Sphagnum moss [No scientific name] Class Hepaticae Class Bryopsida Family Sphagnaceae Sphagnum fimbriatum

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Needleleaf plants
Conifers
Alaska-cedar Alligator juniper Apache pine Arizona cypress Arizona pine Atlantic white-cedar Baldcypress Baldcypresses Balsam fir Bishop pine Black spruce Blue spruce Border pinyon Brewer spruce Bristlecone pine California red fir California white fir Chihuahua pine Coast redwood Colorado pinyon pine Digger pine Douglas-fir Eastern hemlock Eastern redcedar Eastern white pine Engelmann spruce Florida torreya Florida yew Foxtail pine Fraser fir Giant sequoia Grand fir Great Basin bristlecone pine Incense-cedar Jack pine Jeffrey pine Junipers Knobcone pine Larches Limber pine Loblolly pine Lodgepole pine Longleaf pine Long-leafed pines Mexican pinyon Modoc cypress Monterey cypress Monterey pine Mountain hemlock Noble fir Northern whitecedar Pacific silver fir Pacific yew Pines Pitch pine Pondcypress Ponderosa pine Red pine Red spruce Rocky Mountain juniper Sand pine Santa Cruz cypress Sargent cypress Short-leaf pine Sierra juniper Singleleaf pinyon Sitka spruce Southwestern white pine Spruces Subalpine fir Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Juniperus deppeana Pinus engelmannii Cupressus arizonica Pinus ponderosa variety arizonica Chamaecyparis thyoides Taxodium distichum Taxodium species Abies balsamea Pinus muricata Picea mariana Picea pungens Pinus discolor Picea brewerana Pinus aristata Abies magnifica Abies concolor variety lowiana Pinus leiophylla variety chihuahuana Sequoia sempervirens Pinus edulis Pinus sabiniana Pseudotsuga menziesii Tsuga canadensis Juniperus virginiana Pinus strobus Picea engelmannii Torreya taxifolia Taxus floridana Pinus balfouriana Abies fraseri Sequoiadendron giganteum Abies grandis Pinus longaeva Calocedrus decurrens Pinus banksiana Pinus jeffreyi Juniperus species Pinus attenuata Larix species Pinus flexilis Pinus taeda Pinus contorta Pinus palustris Pinus species Pinus cembroides Cupressus bakeri Cupressus macrocarpa Pinus radiata Tsuga mertensiana Abies procera Thuja occidentalis Abies amabilis Taxus brevifolia Pinus species Pinus rigida Taxodium distichum variety nutans Pinus ponderosa Pinus resinosa Picea rubens Juniperus scopulorum Pinus clausa Cupressus goveniana variety abramsiana Cupressus sargentii Pinus echinata Juniperus occidentalis variety australis Pinus monophylla Picea sitchensis Pinus strobiformis Picea species Abies lasiocarpa

Sugar pine Table Mountain pine Tamarack Tecate cypress Torrey pine Two-leaf pinyon Utah juniper Virginia pine Western hemlock Western juniper Western larch Western redcedar White fir White spruce Whitebark pine

Pinus lambertiana Pinus pungens Larix laricina Cupressus guadalupensis variety forbesii Pinus torreyana Pinus edulis Juniperus osteosperma Pinus virginiana Tsuga heterophylla Juniperus occidentalis Larix occidentalis Thuja plicata Abies concolor Picea glauca Pinus albicaulis

Joint-firs
Mormon-tea Family Ephedraceae

Flowering plants
Epiphytes
Cupey Bromeliad Orchid [No common name] Orchid [No common name] Orchid [No common name] Pineapple Clusia rosea Family Bromeliaceae Cranichis ricartii Epidendrum krugii Lepanthes eltoroensis Ananas comosus

Forbs
Acanthus Alabama pitcher-plant Alaska arnica Aleutian chickweed Aleutian draba Aleutian saxifrage Aleutian wormwood Alpine sagebrush Altered andesite buckwheat American alyssum American chaffseed American sea-rocket Angelica Applegates milk-vetch Arnica Asters Beach-bur Beach lovage Beach morningglory Beach pea Beach strawberry Bering douglasia Birdfoot violet Black-eyed Susan Blazing star Blue lupine Boreal primrose Bradshaws desert-parsley Calders sea-lovage California bearpaw poppy California buckwheat California goldfield California poppy Caltha-leaved avens Canbys dropwort Chukchi primrose Clovers Coastal verbena Common pitcher-plant Common ragweed Common stickyseed Cow parsnip Family Acanthaceae Sarracenia rubra subspecies alabamensis Arnica unalaschcensis Cerastium beringinanum variety aleuticum Draba aleutica Saxifraga aleutica Artemisia aleutica Artemisia scopulorum Eriogonum robusta Alyssum obovatum Schwalbea americana Cakile edentula Angelica lucida Astragalus applegatei Arnica unalaschcensis Aster species Ambrosia chamissonis Ligusticum scoticum Ipomoea imperati Lathyrus japonicus subspecies maritimus Fragraria chiloensis Douglasia beringensis Viola pedata Rudbeckia hirta Liatris scariosa Lupinus perennis Primula anvilensis Lomatium bradshawii Ligusticum calderi Arctomecon californica Erigonum fasciculatum Lasthenia californica Escholtzia californica Geum calthifolium Oxypolis canbyi Primula tschuktschorum Trifolium species Abronia latifolia Sarracenia purpurea Ambrosia artemisifolia Blennosperma nanum Heracleum maximum

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Penstemons or beard-tongues Phloxes Pilewort Pink verbena Pitcher-plant Pitchers thistle Prairie bush-clover Prairie lupine Prickly poppies Purple coneflower Purplish braya Pussytoes Pygmy epilobium Rams head ladys slipper Raspberries Robbins cinquefoil Roughleaf yellow loosestrife Roundleaf sundew Rugelia, Rugels ragwort Running buffalo clover Russian thistle Ruths golden aster Sagebrush Sagebrush Sagebrush Sagebrushes Salt marsh camphor-weed Salt marsh birds-beak Penstemon species Phlox species Erechtites hieracifolia Abronia umbellata Family Sarraceniaceae Cirsium pitcheri Lespedeza leptostachya Lupinus species Argemone species Echinacea purpurea Braya globella subspecies purpurascens Antennaria species Epilobium pygmaeum Cypripedium arietinum Rubus species Potentilla robbinsiana Lysimachia asperulifolia Drosera rotundifolia Rugelia nudicaulis Trifolium stoloniferum Salsola kali Pityopsis ruthii Artemisia arctica subspecies comata Artemisia laciniata Artemisia senjavinensis Artemisia species Pluchea camphorata Cordylanthus maritimus subspecies maritimus

Crowberry Empetrum nigrum Crystalline iceplant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Decurrent false aster Boltonia decurrens Desert-parsleys Lomatium species Drummonds bluebells Mertensia drummondii Dwarf crested iris Iris cristata Dwarf lake iris Iris lacustris Eastern prairie fringed orchid Platanthera leucophaea Eschscholtzs buttercup Ranunculus eschscholtzii Fassetts locoweed Oxytropis campestris variety chartacea Fawn-lilies Erythronium species Few flowered whitlowgrass Draba pauciflora Filaree Erodium cicutarium Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium Furbish lousewort Pedicularis furbishiae Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Gladecresses Leavenworthia species Goldenrods Solidago species Gosmore Hypochaeris radicata Grimes vetchling Lathyrus grimesii Groundsel (see Seaside ragwort) Senecio pseudoarnica Hairypod cowpea Vigna luteola Haleakala schiedea Schiedea haleakalensis Hawksbeards Crepis species Hedge-hyssop Gratiola ebracteata Heliotropes Heliotropium species Hogwallow starfish Hesperevax caulescens Houghtons goldenrod Solidago houghtonii Hultens sea-lovage (see Beach lovage) Iceplants Mesembryanthemum species Jesups milk-vetch Astragalus robbinsii Jones pitcher-plant Sarracenia rubra subspecies jonesii Kearney buckwheat Eriogonum nummulare Kobuk locoweed Oxytropis kobukensis Kokrines locoweed Oxytropis kokrinensis Krauses sorrel Rumex krausei Ladies tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana Lakeside daisy Hymenoxys herbacea Leafy prairie-clover Dalea foliosa Leedys roseroot Sedum integrifolium subspecies leedyi Little sagebrush Artemisia arbuscula Liverleaf wintergreen Pyrola asarifolia Lobb buckwheat Eriogonum lobbii Lomatium Lomatium species Louseworts Pedicularis species Low chickweed Stellaria humifusa MacFarlanes four-o-clock Mirabilis macfarlanei Malheur wire lettuce Stephanomeria malheurensis Maritime sea-rocket Cakile maritima Marsh sandwort Arenaria paludicola McDonalds rock-cress Arabis macdonaldiana Meads milkweed Asclepias meadii Meadowfoam Limnanthes species Michigan monkeyflower Mimulus glabratus variety michiganensis Microsteris Microsteris gracilis Milk-vetches Astragalus species Minnesota dwarf trout lily Erythronium propullans Monkeyflowers Mimulus species Moresbys groundsel, cleftleaf groundsel Senecio moresbiensis variety cymbalarioides Mountain avens Dryas integrifolia and Dryas octopetala Mountain-dandelions Agoseris species Mouse-tail Myosurus minimus Muirs fleabane Erigeron muirii Mustards Family Brassicaceae Nelsons checker-mallow Sidalcea nelsoniana Northern wild monkshood Aconitum noveboracense Oxalis Oxalis species Oysterleaf Mertensia maritima Pacific silverweed Potentilla egedii Paintbrushes Castilleja species Pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea

San Clemente Island Indian paintbrush Castilleja grisea San Clemente Island larkspur Delphinium variegatum kinkiense Sandplain gerardia Agalinis acuta Santa Barbara Island liveforever Dudleya traskiae Schweinitzs sunflower Helianthus schweinitzii Sea-beach sandwort Honckenya peploides Sea-oxeye Borrichia frutescens Seabeach amaranth Amaranthus pumilus Seaside ragwort Senecio pseudoarnica Sensitive joint-vetch Aeschynomene noveboracense Shasta snow-wreath Neviusia cliftonii Shooting stars Dodecatheon species Siberian spring beauty Claytonia sibirica Silver bur ragweed (see Beach-bur) Silverweed cinquefoil Argentina anserina Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides Smartweeds Polygonum species Smooth beggartick Bidens laevis Smooth coneflower Echinacea laevigata Smooth tidytips Layia chrysanthemoides Snowy orchid Platanthera nivea Soybean Glycine max Spotted knapweed Centaurea biebersteinii Spreading pogonia Cleistes divaricata Spring-flowering goldenrod Solidago verna Steamboat buckwheat Eriogonum ovalifolium Succulents Family Crassulaceae Sulphur Springs buckwheat Eriogonum argophyllum variety williamsiae Sundew Family Droseraceae Sunflower Helianthus annuus Swamp pink Helonias bullata Sweet pitcher-plant Sarracenia rubra Tall goldenrod Solidago canadensis Thistles Cirsium species Tiehm buckwheat Eriogonum tiehmii Tricolored monkeyflower Mimulus tricolor Tuberous grasspink Calopogon tuberosus Tulips Tulipa species Tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula Violets Viola species Western buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis Western lily Lilium occidentale White bog-orchid Platanthera dilatata

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 White bursage White clover White trout lily Wild buckwheats Woolly beachheather Wormwood Yellow pitcher-plant Yellow star-thistle [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] Franseria dumosa Trifolium repens Erythronium albidum Eriogonum species Hudsonia tomentosa Artemisia caudata Sarracenia flava Centaurea solstitialis Chamaecrista glandulosa variety mirabilis Microsteris species Vernonia proctorii Pelos del Diablo Purple needlegrass Red brome Reedgrass Rice Ricegrasses Ringgrass Sacaton Salt meadow cordgrass Saltgrass Sand dropseed Sand-reeds Sandburs Sea oats Seashore paspalum Six-weeks fescue Soft chess Sorghum Sugarcane Switch cane Switchgrass Three awns Tobosa grass Tufted hairgrass Tundra grass Walters millet Western wheatgrass Wheat Wheatgrasses Wild oats Wire-grass (see Bermuda grass) Wrights alkaligrass Wrights pendantgrass [No common name] Aristida portoricensis Stipa pulchra Bromus rubens Calamagrostis deschampsioides Oryza sativa Oryzopsis species Muhlenbergia torreyi Sporobolus wrightii Spartina patens Distichlis spicata Sporobolus cryptandrus Calamovilfa species Cenchrus species Uniola paniculata Paspalum vaginatum Festuca octoflora Bromus mollis Sorghum bicolor Saccharum officinarum Arundinaria tecta Panicum virgatum Aristida species Hilaria mutica Deschampsia caespitosa Dupontia fisheri Echinochloa walteri Agropyron smithii Triticum aestivum Agropyron species Avena fatua Puccinellia wrightii Arctophila wrightii Aristida chaseae

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Grasses
Alaska bluegrass American beachgrass Anderson alkaligrass Annual hairgrass Arctic pendantgrass Beach ryegrass Beardgrass Bermuda grass Big bluestem Black grama Blue grama Blue wild rye Bluejoint Bluestems Brome grasses Broomsedge Buffalo grass Buffel grass Bunchgrasses Calders licoriceroot Canes Cheatgrass Cleftleaf groundsel Coast sandbur Coastal dropseed Common reed Cordgrasses Corn, maize Creeping alkaligrass Crested wheatgrass Deergrass Dropseed European beachgrass Fescues Fountain grass Foxtail Galleta Giant wild-rye Goatgrasses Grama grasses Hairgrass Indian ricegrass Junegrass Kentucky bluegrass Kikuyu grass Lehmann lovegrass Little bluestem Lovegrasses Maidencane Maize (see Corn) Mediterranean grass Medusahead Melicgrass Molassesgrass Mountain muhly Needle-and-thread Needlegrasses Oatgrasses Pacific reedgrass Palmgrass Poa hartzii alaskana Ammophila breviligulata Puccinellia andersonii Deschampsia danthonoides Arctophila fulva Elymus arenarius Schizachyrium condensatum Cynodon dactylon Andropogon gerardii Bouteloua eriopoda Bouteloua gracilis Elymus glaucus Calamagrostis canadensis Andropogon and Schizachyrium species Bromus species Andropogon virginicus Buchloe dactyloides Cenchrus ciliaris Not a unified group. Western grasses that grow in clumps rather than as sod. Ligusticum calderi Arundinaria species Bromus tectorum Senecio cymbalaroides Cenchrus incertus Sprorobolus virginicus Phragmites australis Spartina species Zea mays Puccinellia phryganodes Agropyron cristatum Muhlenbergia rigens Sporobolus species Ammophila arenaria Festuca species Pennisetum setaceum Alopecurus saccatus Hilaria jamesii Elymus condensatus Aegilops species Bouteloua species Deschampsia species Oryzopsis hymenoides Koeleria cristata Poa pratensis Pennisetum clandestinum Eragrostis lehmanniana Schizachyrium scoparium Eragrostis species Panicum hemitomon Schismus arabicus and S. barbatus Taeniatherum caput-medusae Melica species Melinis minutiflora Muhlenbergia montana Stipa comata Stipa species Danthonia species Calamagrostis nutkaensis Setaria palmifolia

Marine and freshwater plants

Alaska mistmaiden Alligatorweed American bulrush American lotus American spongeplant American white waterlily Anglestem primrosewillow Arrowhead species Baby pondweed Baldwins spikerush Big cordgrass Bigelow sedge Blue waterhyssop Broad-leaved arrowhead Bulltongue arrowhead Carolina fanwort Carolina mosquitofern Carolina spiderlily Cattails Coastal waterhyssop Common cattail Common duckweed Common fogfruit Common spikerush Coontail Cotton-grass Creeping primrosewillow Creeping waterprimrose Curly leaf pondweed Dwarf spikerush Eelgrass Eurasian watermilfoil Flat-stem pondweed Giant bulrush Greater duckweed Hawaii Island sedge Hoppner sedge Horned bladderwort Romanzoffia unalaschensis Alternanthera philoxeroides Schoenoplectus americanus Nelumbo lutea Limnobium spongia Nymphaea odorata Ludwigia leptocarpa Sagittaria species Potamogeton pusillus Eleocharis baldwinii Spartina cynosuroides Carex bigelowii Bacopa caroliniana Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria lancifolia Cabomba caroliniana Azolla caroliniana Hymenocallis caroliniana Typha species Bacopa monnieri Typha latifolia Lemna minor Phyla nodiflora Eleocharis palustris Ceratophyllum demersum Eriophorum angustifolium Ludwigia repens Ludwigia peploides Potamogeton crispus Eleocharis parvula Zostera marina Myriophyllum spicatum Potamogeton zosteriformis Schoenoplectus californicus Lemna species Oreobolus furcatus Carex subspathacea Utricularia cornuta

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Hydrilla verticillata Rhynchospora kneiskernii Hydrocotyle bonariensis Bolboschoenus robustus Juncus capitatus Lemna aequinoctialis Saururus cernuus Carex macrochaeta Potamogeton nodosus Carex rariflora Justicia ovata Carex lyngbyei Syringodium filiforme Hydrocotyle umbellata Najas species Potamogeton foliosus Juncus roemerianus Scirpus ancistrochaetus Myriophyllum aquaticum Centella erecta Salicornia virginica Salicornia species Family Najadaceae Carex echinata Lythrum salicaria Carex ramenskii Potamogeton richardsonii Potamogeton pectinatus Batis maritima Sargassum species Cladium mariscus subspecies jamaicense Halodule wrightii Potamogeton pusillus Eleocharis parvula Spartina alterniflora Najas guadalupensis Eleocharis species Phyllospadix scouleri Juncus bufonius Thalassia testudina Eriophorum vaginatum Myriophyllum heterophyllum Cyperus difformis Trapa natans Howellia aquatilis Eichhornia crassipes Carex aquatilis Polygonum amphibium variety stipulaceum Zosterella dubia Brasenia shreberi Elodea canadensis Elodea species Family Hydrocharitaceae Ruppia maritima Vallisneria americana Zizania aquatica Carex sabulosa Dictyopterus species Halimeda species Padina species Black sage Black sagebrush Blackbrush Blue blossom Blueberries Brighamia Brittlebush Broom snakeweed Buckthorn Bunchberry Burro-weed Bush chinquapin Buttonbush California adolphia California sagebrush California-lilacs, buckbrushes, ceanothuses Chamise Chickasaw plum Clermontia Clidemia Club-moss mountain-heather Cotton Cranberries Creosotebush Currants Cyanea Deer brush Dubautia Dwarf birch Dwarf palmetto Early blueberry Eastern baccharis Emajagua False azalea False lobelia Franklinia Gooseberries Greasewood Green alder Green hawthorn Gulf croton Hairy ceanothus Haleakala silversword Havard oak Hawthorns Heaths Highbush cranberry Higuillo Himalayan raspberry Hoaryleaf ceanothus Huckleberries Huckleberry oak Interior silk-tassel Iodinebush Kahili ginger Kamchatka rhododendron Kinnikinnick, bearberry Labrador tea Leadplant Leather oak Lingonberry Lobelia Mahogany sumac Manzanitas Maui greensword Maui hala pepe Maui plantain Menziesia Mexican cliffrose Miconia Mountain heather Mountain laurel Salvia mellifera Artemisia nova Coleogyne ramossisima Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Vaccinium species Brighamia species Encelia farinosa Gutierrezia sarothrae Frangula alnus Cornus canadensis Ambrosia dumosa Chrysolepis sempervirens Cephalanthus occidentalis Adolphia californica Artemisia californica Ceanothus species Adenostoma fasciculatum Prunus angustifolia Clermontia species Clidemia hirta Cassiope lycopodioides Gossypium hirsutum Vaccinium species Larrea tridentata Ribes species Cyanea species Ceanothus integerrimus Dubautia species Betula nana Sabal minor Vaccinium ovalifolium Baccharis halimifolia Hibiscus tiliaceus Menziesia ferruginea Trematolobelia species Franklinia altamaha Ribes species Sarcobatus vermiculatus Alnus crispa Crataegus viridis Croton punctatus Ceanothus olignathus Argyroxiphium sandwicense variety macrocephalum Quercus havardii Crataegus species Family Ericaceae Viburnum edule Piper aduncum Rubus ellipticus Ceanothus crassifolius Gaylussacia species Quercus vaccinifolia Garrya congdonii Allenrolfea occidentalis Hedychium gardnerianum Rhododendron camtschaticum Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ledum groenlandicum Amorpha canescens Quercus durata Vaccinium vitis-idaea Family Lobeliaceae Rhus integrifolia Arctostaphylos species Argyroxiphium grayanum Pleomele auwahiensis Plantago pachyphylla Menziesia ferruginea Purshia stansburiana Miconia calvescens Cassiope species Kalmia latifolia

Hydrilla Knieskerns beaked-rush Largeleaf pennywort Leafy threesquare Leafybract dwarf rush Lesser duckweed Lizards tail Long-awn sedge Long-leaf pondweed Loose-flowered alpine sedge Looseflower waterwillow Lyngby sedge Manatee grass Manyflower marshpennywort Naiads Narrow-leaf pondweed Needlegrass rush Northeastern bulrush Parrot feather watermilfoil Pennywort Perennial glasswort Pickleweeds Pondweed Prickly sedge Purple loosestrife Ramenski sedge Richardson pondweed Sago pondweed Saltwort Sargassoweed Sawgrass Shoal grass Small pondweed Small spikerush Smooth cordgrass Southern waternymph Spikerushes Surfgrass Toad rush Turtle grass Tussock cotton-grass Twoleaf watermilfoil Variable flatsedge Water chestnut Water howellia Water hyacinth Water sedge Water smartweed Water star-grass Watershield Waterweed Waterweeds Waterweeds Widgeongrass Wildcelery Wildrice [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] [No common name]

Shrubs
Agaves Agave species Alaska blueberry Vaccinium alaskense Alpine blueberry Vaccinium species Barbwire thistle Salsola paulsenii Basin big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata tridentata Bayahonda (see Mesquite, under Trees) Beach plum Prunus maritima Bear oak Quercus ilicifolia Bearberry (see Kinnikinnick) Big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata Bigleaf sumpweed Iva frutescens Bitterbrush Purshia tridentata

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Mountain-mahoganies Musk brush Nuttalls goosefoot Nuttalls scrub oak Our Lords candle Pacific red elderberry Poison ivy Possumhaw Prickly pear Prickly rose Purple sage Rabbitbrush Red manjack Red shank Rhododendrons Rollandia Rosemary Sacahuista Sakau Salmonberry Saltbush Saltbushes San Clemente Island broom San Clemente Island bush-mallow Sand-myrtle Sandsage Sedge Shadscale Shaws agave Silverswords Sitka alder Sitka mountain-ash Smooth sumac Snakeweeds Sotols Spicebush Stevens spiraea Strangler fig Sugar bush Sumacs Swamp dogwood Swamp laurel Swamp-privet Tarbush Thorny devilsclub Tobacco Toyon Twin-flower Vaseys sagebrush Viburnums and haws Virginia spiraea Virginia-willow Water viburnum Wax myrtle White sage Whitebark rabbitbrush Whiteleaf manzanita Wilkesia Winterfat Wintergreen Yuccas [No common name] [No common name] Cercocarpus species Ceanothus jepsonii Chenopodium berlandieri subspecies nuttalliae Quercus dumosa Yucca whipplei Sambucus racemosa Rhus toxicodendron Ilex decidua Opuntia rubescens Rosa acicularis Salvia leucophylla Chrysothamnus species Cordia nitida Adenostoma sparsifolium Rhododendron species Rollandia species Rosmarina officinalis Nolina microcarpa Piper methysticum Rubus spectabilis Atriplex leucophylla Atriplex species Lotus dendroideus variety traskiae Malacothamnus clementinus Leiophyllum buxifolium Artemisia filifolia Family Cyperaceae Atriplex confertifolia Agave shawii Argyroxiphium species Alnus sitchensis Sorbus sitchensis Rhus glabra Gutierrezia species Dasylirion species Lindera benzoin Spiraea stevenii Ficus species Rhus ovata Rhus species Cornus stricta Kalmia microphylla Forestiera acuminata Flourensia cernua Oplopanax horridus Nicotiana species Hetermeles arbutifolia Linnaea borealis Artemisia tridentata subspecies vaseyana Viburnum species Spiraea virginiana Itea virginica Viburnum obovatum Morella cerifera Salvia apiana Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Arctostaphylos viscida Wilkesia species Halogeton glomeratus Gaultheria procumbens Yucca species Artemisia laciniatiformis Lyonia truncata variety proctorii American chestnut Castanea dentata American elm Ulmus americana American holly Ilex opaca American snowbell Styrax americanus Arizona white oak Quercus arizonica Ashes Fraxinus species Australian melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia Australian-pine Casuarina equisetifolia Ausubo Manilkara bidentata Balsa Ochroma pyramidale Balsam poplar Populus balsamifera Bariaco Trichilia triacantha Bebb willow Salix bebbiana Birches Betula species Bitter-ash Rauvolfia nitida Black birch Betula lenta Black cherry Prunus serotina Black locust Robinia pseudacacia Black oak Quercus velutina Black willow Salix nigra Black-mangrove Avicennia germinans Blackgum, swamp tupelo Nyssa sylvatica variety biflora Blackjack oak Quercus marilandica Blue oak Quercus douglassii Box-briar Randia aculeata Boxelder Acer negundo Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa Buttonwood-mangrove Conocarpus erectus Caimitillo Micropholis chrysophylloides Caimitillo verde Micropholis garciniaefolia Calambrea Coccoloba venosa California bay Umbellularia californica California black oak Quercus kelloggii California buckeye Aesculus californica Canyon live oak Quercus chrysolepis Cap rosa Callicarpa ampla Cardon cactus Pachycereus pringlei Carolina ash Fraxinus caroliniana Cat-claw acacia Acacia greggii Catalina cherry Prunus ilicifolia subspecies lyonii Catalina ironwood Lyonothamnus floribundus Cedar elm Ulmus crassifolia Chestnut oak Quercus prinus Chinese chestnut Castanea mollissima Chinquapin Chrysolepis chrysophylla Chokecherry Prunus virginiana Chupacallos Pleodendron macranthum Coast live oak Quercus agrifolia Cbana negra Stahlia monosperma Coffee Coffea arabica Common guava Psidium guajava Common lignumvitae Guaiacum officinale Common persimmon Diospyros virginiana Cooks holly Ilex cookii Corcho bobo Pisonia alba Cottonwoods and poplars Populus species Coyote willow Salix exigua Curlleaf mountain-mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius Custard-apple Annona reticulata Dogwoods Cornus species Eastern cottonwood (see plains cottonwood) Emory oak Quercus emoryi Engelmann oak Quercus engelmannii Erubia Solanum drymophilum False mastic Sideroxylon foetidissimum Firetree Myrica faya Florida fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum Flowering dogwood Cornus florida Fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii Gambel oak Quercus gambelii Golden-spined cereus Bergerocactus emoryi Gray oak Quercus grisea Green alder Alnus viridis subspecies crispa

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Trees
Alaska paper birch Alderleaf mountain-mahogany Alders Alel Almendra American basswood American beech Betula neoalaskana Cercocarpus montanus Alnus species Plumeria alba Terminalia catappa Tilia americana Fagus grandifolia

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Inga vera Inga fagifolia Eugenia borinquensis Guaiacum sanctum Bursera simaruba Celtis occidentalis Alnus serrulata Carya species Harrisia portoricensis Crescentia portoricensis Swietenia macrophylla Prosopis glandulosa Gleditsia triacanthos Erythroxylon areolatum Quercus wislizeni Quercus tomentella Yucca brevifolia Calycogonium squamulosum Gymnocladus dioicus Acacia koa Diospyros sandwichensis Leucaena glauca Quercus virginiana Arbutus menziesii Magnolia species Sophora chrysophylla Family Rhizophoraceae Family Aceraceae Goetzia elegans Didymopanax morototoni Prosopis juliflora Prosopis species Quercus oblongifolia Sloanea berteriana Alnus incana subspecies tenuifolia Erythrina poeppigiana Ocotea spathulata Quercus rugosa Salix reticulata subspecies glabellicarpa Quercus rubra Quercus nuttallii Quercus species Fouquieria splendens Metrosideros polymorpha Weinmannia pinnata Quercus garryana Lemaireocereus thurberi Quercus lyrata Bucida buceras Guassia attenuata Calyptronoma rivalis Sabal minor Family Palmae Cyrilla racemiflora Ternstroemia luquillensis Styrax portoricensis Cornutia obovata Pterocarpus officinalis Banara vanderbiltii Ottoschultzia rhodoxylon Betula papyrifera Carya illinoensis Prunus pensylvanica Quercus palustris Populus deltoides Eugenia jambos Annona glabra Zanthoxylum species Acrocomia media Roystonea borinquena Ulmus profunda Populus tremuloides Red alder Red mangrove Red maple River birch Roble blanco Roble de sierra Royens tree cactus Russian-olive Saguaro Saltcedar or tamarisk Sandalwood Sarrasuela Shortleaf fig Siberian elm Sierra palm Silk cotton tree Silver buffaloberry Silver maple Silverleaf oak Sitka alder Slippery elm Southern magnolia Spanish cedar Spanish lime St. Thomas prickly-ash Strawberry guava Sugar maple Sugarberry Swamp white oak Sweet acacia Sweet gum Sweetbay Sycamore Tachuelo Tamarind Tamarisks Tambonuco Tanoak Teak Tibet Trumpet tree Tulipn Africano Tupelos Turkey oak Uvilla Uvillo Vahls boxwood Valley oak Velvet ash Vine maple Water hickory Water oak Water tupelo Water-elm Waterlocust Wavyleaf oak West Indian locust Wheelers peperomia White mulberry White oak White prickle White-mangrove Wild cherries Willow bustic Willow oak Willows Winged elm Yellow birch Yellow paloverde Yellow-poplar [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] Alnus rubra Rhizophora mangle Acer rubrum Betula nigra Tabebuia heterophylla Tabebuia rigida Cephalocereus royenii Elaeagnus angustifolia Carnegiea gigantea Tamarix chinensis Santalum species Thouinia portoricensis Ficus citrifolia Ulmus pumila Prestoea montana Ceiba pentandra Shepherdia argentea Acer saccharinum Quercus hypoleucoides Alnus viridis Ulmus rubra Magnolia grandiflora Cedrela odorata Melicoccus bijugatus Zanthoxylum thomasianum Psidium cattleianum Acer saccharum Celtis laevigata Quercus bicolor Acacia farnesiana Liquidamber styraciflua Magnolia virginiana Platanus occidentalis Pictetia aculeata Tamarindus indica Tamarix species Dacryodes excelsa Lithocarpus densiflora Tectona grandis Albizia lebbek Cecropia peltata Spathodea campanulata Nyssa species Quercus laevis Coccoloba diversifolia Eugenia haematocarpa Buxus vahlii Quercus lobata Fraxinus velutina Acer circinatum Carya aquatica Quercus nigra Nyssa aquatica Planera aquatica Gleditsia aquatica Quercus pauciloba (hybrid) Hymenaea courbaril Peperomia wheeleri Morus alba Quercus alba Zanthoxylum martinicense Laguncularia racemosa Prunus species Dipholis salicifolia Quercus phellos Salix species Ulmus alata Betula alleghaniensis Cercidium microphyllum Liriodendron tulipifera Auerodendron pauciflorum Calyptranthes thomasiana Daphnopsis hellerana Eugenia woodburyana

Green ash Guaba Guama Guayabota de sierra Guayacn blanco Gumbo limbo Hackberry Hazel alder Hickories Higo chumbo Higuero de sierra Honduras mahogany Honey mesquite Honeylocust Indio Interior live oak Island live oak Joshua-tree Jusillo Kentucky coffeetree Koa Lama Leadtree Live oak Madrone Magnolias Mamani Mangrove Maple Matabuey Matchwood Mesquite Mesquites Mexican blue oak Motillo Mountain alder Mountain immortelle Nemoc Netleaf oak Netleaf willow Northern red oak Nuttall oak Oaks Ocotillo Ohia Oreganillo Oregon oak Organpipe cactus Overcup oak Oxhorn bucida Palma de lluvia Palma de manaca Palmetto Palms Palo colorado Palo colorado Palo de jazmn Palo de nigua Palo de pollo Palo de Ramn Palo de rosa Paper birch Pecan Pin cherry Pin oak Plains cottonwood, eastern cottonwood Pomarrosa Pond-apple Prickly-ash Puerto Rican acrocomia Puerto Rican royal palm Pumpkin ash Quaking aspen

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] [No common name] Ilex sintenisii Leptocereus grantianus Mitracarpus maxwelliae Mitracarpus polycladus Myrcia paganii Schoepfia arenaria Ternstroemia subsessilis

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Sea stars, urchins, and sea cucumbers

Brittlestars California sea cucumber Green sea urchin Purple sea urchin Red sea urchin Sand dollar Sand dollars and sea urchins Sea cucumbers Sea stars Sea stars Sea urchins Class Ophiuroidea Parastichopus californicus Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Strongylocentrotus franciscanus Family Clypeasteridae Class Echinoidea Class Holothuroidea Class Asteroidea Pisaster species Strongylocentrotus species

Vines
Banana poka Beach morningglory Beans Dodder Grape Greenbriers Kudzu Peperomia vines Peppervine Pickerings morning-glory Sweet pea Virginia creeper Passiflora mollissima Ipomoea imperati Phaseolus species Cuscuta species Vitis species Smilax species Pueraria lobata Peperomia species Ampelopsis arborea Stylisma pickeringii Lathyrus odoratus Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Rotifers and phoronids

Ctenophores Gastrotrichs Phoronids Rotifers Phylum Ctenophora Class Gastrotricha Phylum Phoronida Class Rotifera

Worms
Acanthocephalan parasite Earthworms Feather-duster worms Flatworms Flatworms, including freshwater microturbellarians Human blood fluke Leeches Lungworm pneumonia Nematodes Nemerteans Oligochaetes Oligochaete [No common name] Oligochaete [No common name] Oligochaete [No common name] Polychaete worm [No common name] Polychaete worms Polychaetes Segmented worms Tube worms Polymorphus species Class Oligochaeta Subclass Sabelliformia Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Turbellaria Schistosoma mansoni Class Hirudinea Dictyocaulus viviparus [Causative agent] Phylum Nematoda Phylum Nematoda Class Oligochaeta Corophium species Mediomastus species Streblospio species Hobsonia florida Class Polychaeta Class Polychaeta Phylum Annelida Family Serpulidae

Animals
Protozoans
Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellate [No common name] Dinoflagellate [No common name] Dinoflagellate [No common name] Dinoflagellate [No common name] Malaria Protozoan [No common name] Protozoan encephalitis (Toxoplasmosis) Schistosome parasite Whirling disease Class Dinoflagellata Ceratium hircus Gymnodinium species Peridinium cinctum Prorocentrum species Plasmodium species [causative agents] Perkinsus marinus Toxoplasma gondii Schistosoma mansoni Myxobolus cerebralis

Euglenoids
Euglenoid [No common name] Trachelomonas hispida

Sponges
Boring sponge Calcareous sponges Tubular sponges Cliona celata [No scientific name] [No scientific name]

Mollusks
Clams, bivalves
Alaska great-tellin Angelwing Arctic surfclam Asian clam Asian clams Atlantic calico scallop Atlantic rangia clam Atlantic surfclam Bay scallop Blue mussel Broad cockle Clubshell Cockles Cracking pearlymussel Dwarf wedgemussel Eastern oyster Elktoe Falsemussels Fanshell Fat pocketbook Fingernailclams Giant clam Giant clams Greenland cockle Tellina lutea Cyrtopleura costata Mactromeris polynyma Corbicula fluminea Family Corbiculidae Argopecten gibbus Rangia cuneata Spisula solidissima Argopecten irradians Mytilus edulis Serripes laperousi Pleurobema clava Family Cardiidae Hemistena lata Alasmidonta heterodon Crassostrea virginica Alasmidonta marginata Family Dreissenidae Cyprogenia stegaria Potamilus capax Family Sphaeriidae Tridacna gigas Family Tridacnidae Serripes groenlandicus

Jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals

Corals
Black coral Brain corals Elkhorn coral Finger coral Gorgonian corals Hexacorals Hydrocorals Order Antipatheria Order Scleractinia (in part) Acropora palmata Porites species Order Gorgonacea Subclass Hexacorallia Class Hydrozoa

Jellyfish
Orange cup coral Pink coral Red tree coral Scleractinian corals Sea anemones Sea pens and octocorals Sea raspberry coral Soft coral Staghorn coral Star coral Wire coral Tubastraea coccinea Corallium species Primnoa walleyi Order Scleractinia Order Actinaria Subclass Octocorallia Eunephyta species Order Alcyonaceae Acropora cervicornis Monastrea annularis Cirripathes anguinea

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Mercenaria mercenaria Family Hiatellidae Lampsilis higginsi Tapes philippinarum Family Fissurellidae Musculium transversum Crassostrea rhizophorae Family Corbiculidae Family Mytilidae Several genera, especially Mytilus Texadina spinctosoma Lampsilis rafinesqueana Mercenaria mercenaria Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Arctica islandica Plethobasus cooperianus Family Ostreidae Diplothyra smithii Crassostrea species Argopecten circularis Panopea abrupta Crassostrea gigas Siliqua patula Family Unionidae Family Pinnidae Family Pholadidae Lampsilis abrupta Epioblasma obliquata obliquata Family Solenidae Obovaria retusa Leptodea leptodon Family Pectinidae Placopecten magellanicus Tridacna maxima Epioblasma triquetra Mya arenaria Family Myidae Cumberlandia monodonta Family Mactridae Elliptio steinstansana Family Tellinidae Tellinia species Family Veneridae Patinopecten caurinus Epioblasma sulcata delicata Quadrula fragosa Dreissena polymorpha Clenchs nerite Coachella desert snail Columbia pebblesnail Conchs Cuban physa Dalles sideband snail Decollate snail Desert snails El Paso shoulderband Euglandina (see Rosey wolfsnail) Fat whelk Flame helmet Flat abalone Florida tree snails Giant African snail Green abalone Guadalupe shelled slug Hawaiian tree snails Hawkwing conch Hydrobe Island snails Karok hesperian Lyre whelk Milk conch Mimic shoulderband Mohave shoulderband Morro shoulderband Mountain snail Oregon triton Panamint shoulderband Periwinkles Pink abalone Pinto abalone Plain cactus snail Polynesian tree snails Pribilof whelk Pyrgs Queen conch Quilted melania Red abalone Roostertail conch Rosey wolfsnail Sad nerite San Miguel shoulderband San Nicolas island snail Santa Barbara shelled slug Sea snails Shasta sideband Shelled slug Shipworm Shoulderband, heminthoglyptids Shoulderbands Slugs Snake River physa Soledad shoulderband South American snail Springsnails Surf shoulderband Talus snails Threaded abalone Trinity bristlesnail Triton Utah valvata West Indian fighting conch West Indian topsnail Whelk Whelks White abalone Wreathed cactus snail Zebra nerite [No common name] Neritina clenchi Eremarionta indioensis Fluminicola columbiana Family Strombidae Physa cubensis Monadenia fidelis minor Rumina decollata Eremarionta species Mohavelix micrometaleus Neptunea ventricosa Cassis flammea Haliotis walallensis Liguus fasciatus Achatina fulica Haliotis fulgens Binneya guadalupensis Achatinella, Partulina species Strombus raninus Family Hydrobiidae Micrarionta species Vespericola karakorum Neptunea lyrata Strombus costatus Helminthoglypta micrometalleoides Helminthoglypta greggi Helminthoglypta walkeriana Family Oreohelicidae Fusitriton oregonensis Helminthoglypta fisheri Littorina species Haliotis corrugata Haliotis kamtschatkana Xerarionta intercisa Partula species Neptunea pribiloffensis Pyrgulopsis species Strombus gigas Tarebia granifera Haliotis rufescens Strombus gallus Euglandina rosea Puperita tristis Helminthoglypta ayresiana Micrarionta feralis Binneya notabilis [No scientific name] Monadenia troglodytes Binneya species Family Teredinidae Family Helminthoglyptidae Helminthoglypta species Several orders and families Physa natricina Helminthoglypta fontiphila Australorbis glabratus Fontelicella species Helminthoglypta fieldi Sonorella species Haliotis assimilis Monadenia setosa Family Ranellidae Valvata utahensis Strombus pugilis Cittarium pica Mohinia species Family Buccinidae Haliotis sorenseni Xerarionta redimita Puperita pupa Neptunea heros

Hard clam Hiatellas Higgins eye Japanese littleneck Limpets Long fingernailclam Mangrove oyster Marshclam Mussels Mussels Narrowmouth hydrobe Neosho mucket Northern quahog Northern riffleshell Ocean quahog Orange-foot pimpleback Oyster Oyster piddock Oysters Pacific calico scallop Pacific geoduck Pacific oyster Pacific razor clam Pearlymussels Penshells Piddocks Pink mucket Purple cats-paw Razor clams Ring pink Scaleshell Scallops Sea scallop Small giant clam Snuffbox Softshell clam Softshell clams Spectaclecase Surfclams Tar spinymussel Tellins Tellins Venus clams Weathervane scallops White cats-paw Winged mapleleaf Zebra mussel

Snails
Abalones Family Haliotididae Abalones Haliotis species Ambersnails Family Succineidae Amistrid tree snails Family Amistridae Angular triton Cymatium femorale Appalachian ambersnail Succinea chittenangoensis Apple snail Pomacea species Argus desert snail Eremariontoides argus Arions Family Arionidae Atlantic trumpet triton Charonia tritonis variegata Banana slug Ariolimax dolichophallus Banbury Springs limpet Lanx species Black abalone Haliotis cracherondii Bliss Rapids snail Taylorconcha serpenticola Blood fluke planorb Biomphalaria glabrata Brown gardensnail Helix aspersa Bruneau Hot Springs snail Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Buccinium whelks Buccinium species Cactus snails Xerarionta species Cameo helmet Cassis madagarcariensis and C. m. spinella Caribbean helmet Cassis tuberosa Catalina cactus snail Xerarionta kelletti Catalina mountain snail Radiocentrum avalonense Cheat threetooth Triodopsis platysayoides Chittenango ovate ambersnail (see Appalachian ambersnail)

Squids and octopuses

Brief squid Lolliguncula brevis

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Long-finned squid Octopus Short-finned squid Squid Squids Loligo pealei Octopus cyahea Illex illecebrosus Family Loliginidae Subclass Teuthoidea Krill Krill Krill Krill Lady crab Large native shrimp Lesser blue crab Lobster Millipedes Mona cave shrimp Northern shrimp Opossum shrimp Pacific black tiger shrimp Pacific white shrimp Penaeid shrimps Pink shrimp Portunid crabs Red crab Red king crab Riverside fairy shrimp Rock shrimp Royal red shrimp Seabob shrimp Shasta crayfish Shrimps Sidestripe shrimp Slipper lobster Snow crab Spiny lobster Spiny lobsters Stone crab Tanner crabs Water fleas White shrimp Euphausia species Order Euphausiacea Stylocheiron species Thysanoessa species Ovalipes ocellatus [No scientific name] Callinectes similis Infraorders Astacidea and Palinura Class Diplopoda Typhlatya monae Pandalus borealis Mysis relicta Penaeus monodon Penaeus vannamei Penaeus species Penaeus duorarum Family Portunidae Geryon quinquedens Paralithodes camtschatica Streptocephalus woottoni Sicyonia brevirostris Menopenaeus robustus Xiphopenaeus kroyeri Pacifastacus fortis Family Penaeidae Pandalopsis dispar Scyllarides squamosus Chionoecetes opilio Panulirus argus Panulirus species Menippe mercenaria Chionoecetes bairdi, C. opilio Order Cladocera Penaeus setifer

879

Arachnids and related groups

Millipedes Spiders Long-jawed spider Mites Pseudoscorpions Sarcoptic mange Scorpions Spruce-fir moss spider Centipedes Class Diplopoda Class Araneida Family Tetragnathidae Order Acarina Order Pseudoscorpionidae [No scientific name] Order Scorpionidae Microhexura montivaga Class Chilopoda

Crustaceans
Amphipod [No common name] Amphipod [No common name] Amphipod [No common name] Amphipods Barnacles Cladocerans Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepod [No common name] Copepods Copepods Copepods Cyclopoid copepods Diaptomid copepods Luciculous amphipods Ostracods [No common name] [No common name] Ampelisca species Corophium species Gradidierella species Order Amphipoda Subclass Cirripedia Order Cladocera Acartia tonsa Calanus finmarchicus Centropages hamatus Centropages typicus Diaptomus dorsalis Diaptomus reighardi Diaptomus siciloides Metridia lucens Osphrantieum labronectum Pseudocalanus species Order Copepoda Pseudocalanus species Subclass Copepoda Family Cyclopidae Family Diaptomidae [No scientific name] Subclass Ostracoda Diaptomus kenai Diaptomus tyrrelli

Insects
Ants, bees, and wasps
Africanized honey bee Ants Argentine ant Blue orchard bee Boll weevil Bumble bees Honey bee Honey bee and bumble bees Imported red fire ant Leaf-cutting bee Paper wasps, yellowjackets and hornets Western yellowjacket Yellowjackets Apis mellifera adansonii Family Formicidae Iridomyrmex humilis Osmia lignaria Anthonomus grandis Bombus species Apis mellifera Family Apidae Solenopsis invicta Family Megachilidae Family Vespidae Vespula pensylvanica Vespula species

Crabs, crayfishes, lobsters, and shrimps

Ala kumu American lobster Atlantic rock crab Blue crab Blue king crab Brine shrimp (see fairy shrimp) Brown shrimp California freshwater shrimp Caribbean spiny lobster Cave shrimp Common land crab Crayfishes Crayfishes Deepwater shrimps Dungeness crab Fairy shrimp Fairy shrimps Fairy shrimps and brine shrimps Golden (brown) king crab Green crab Hawaiian spiny lobster Horseshoe crab Isopods and sow bugs Jonah crab Kelp crab King crabs Korean hair crab Carpilius maculatus Homarus americanus Cancer irroratus Callinectes sapidus Paralithodes platypus Penaeus aztecus Syncaris pacifica Panulirus argus Family Atyidae [No scientific name] Pacifastacus species Procambarus species Heterocarpus species Cancer magister Branchinecta species Family Branchinectidae Order Anostraca Lithodes aequispina Carcinus maenas Panulirus marginatus Limulus polyphemus Order Isopoda Cancer borealis Pugettia producta Lithodes and Paralithodes species Erimacrus isenbeckii

Aquatic insects
Amargosa naucorid Ash Meadows naucorid Burrowing mayflies Burrowing mayfly Caddisflies Green-eyed skimmers Hexagenia burrowing mayflies Hydropsychid caddisflies Lake Tahoe benthic stonefly Mayflies Mayflies Narrow-winged damselflies Net-spinning caddisflies Ozark emerald Ozark snaketail dragonfly Polymitarcid mayflies Stoneflies Wahkeena Falls flightless stonefly Pelocoris shoshone amargosus Ambrysus amargosus Hexagenia bilineata, Pentagenia vittigera Tortopus incertus Order Trichoptera Family Corduliidae Hexagenia species Family Hydropsychidae Capnia lacustra Family Ephemeridae Order Ephemeroptera Family Coenagrioniidae Hydropsyche species Somatochlora ozarkensis Ophiogomphus westfalli Family Polymitarcidae Order Plecoptera Zapada wahkeena

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Creole pearly eye Dakota skipper Diana fritillary Douglas-fir tussock moth Eastern spruce budworm Ediths checkerspot El Segundo blue butterfly Gypsy moth Hessels hairstreak Karner blue butterfly Kern primrose sphinx moth Langes metalmark butterfly Larch casebearer Lotis blue butterfly Maculated manfreda skipper Mission blue butterfly Mitchells satyr Myrtles silverspot butterfly Nokomis fritillary Oregon silverspot butterfly Ottoe skipper Palos Verdes blue butterfly Persius duskywing Phlox moth Poweshiek skipperling Rattlesnake-master borer moth Regal fritillary San Bruno elfin butterfly Sand Mountain pallid blue Silver-bordered fritillary Smiths blue butterfly Sugarcane borer Tawny cresent Weidemeyers admiral Western spruce budworm Enodia creola Hesperia dacotae Speyeria diana Orgyia pseudotsugata Choristoneura fumiferana Euphydryas editha Euphilotes enoptes allyni Lymantria dispar Callophrys hesseli Lycaeides melissa samuelis Euproserpinus euterpe Apodemia mormo langei Coleophora laricella Lycaeides idas lotis Stallingsia maculosus Plebejus icarioides missionensis Neonympha mitchellii Speyeria zerene myrtleae Speyeria nokomis Speyeria zerene hippolyta Hesperia ottoe Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis Erynnis persius Schinia indiana Oarisma powesheik Papaipema eryngii Speyeria idalia Callophrys mossii bayensis Euphilotes pallescens subspecies Boloria selene sabulicollis Euphilotes enoptes smithi Diatraea saccharalis Phyciodes batesi Limenitis weidemeyeri Choristoneura occidentalis

Beetles
Alligatorweed flea beetle American burying beetle Aphodiine scarabs Bark beetles Beetle [No common name] Darkling ground beetle Darkling ground beetles Death Valley agabus diving beetle Delta green ground beetle Devils Hole warm spring riffle beetle Elm bark beetle Giulianis dune scarab Globose dune beetle Hungerfords crawling water beetle Large aegialian scarab Moapa warm spring riffle beetle Mountain pine beetle Nelsons miloderes weevil Sixbanded longhorn beetle Southern pine beetle Spruce beetle Travertine band-thigh diving beetle Valley elderberry longhorn beetle Agasicles hygrophila Nicrophorus americanus Aphodius species Family Scolytidae Dictyopterus species Eusattus muricatus Family Tenebrionidae Agabus rumppi Elaphrus viridis Stenelmis calida calida Scolytus multistriatis Pseudocotalpa giulianii Coelus globosus Brychius hungerfordi Aegalia magnifica Stenelmis calida moapa Dendroctonus ponderosae Miloderes rulieni Dryobius sexnotatus Dendroctonus frontalus Dendroctonus rufipennis Hygrotus fontinalis Desmocerus californicus dimorphus

Cicadas, leafhoppers, and aphids

Balsam woolly adelgid Beech scale insect Cottonycushion scale Hemlock woolly adelgid Mealybug Scale insect Scale insect Scale insect Two-spotted leafhopper Adelges piceae Cryptococcus fagisuga Icerya purchasi Adelges tsugae Humococcus ceraricus Acanthococcus arenosus Lecanodiapsis prosopidis Lecanodiapsis rufescens Sophonia rufofascia

Other insect groups

Black grass bugs Flightless lacewing Springtails Termites Irbisia and Labops species Micromus species Order Collembola Order Isoptera

Flies and midges

Blackflies Brine flies Delhi Sands flower-loving fly Midge, chironomids Mosquitoes Phantom midges Picture-wing vinegar flies Southern house mosquito Tube-building midges Vinegar flies Family Simuliidae Family Ephydridae Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis Family Chironomidae Family Culicidae Chaoborus species Family Drosophilidae Culex quinquefasciatus Family Chironomidae Drosphila basisetae, claytonae, digressa, hawaiiensis, heteroneura, macrothrix,murphyi, ochracea, paucipuncta, rolaticilia, setosifrons, setosimentum, silvestris, sproati

Vertebrate animals
Amphibians
African clawed frog Amargosa toad American toad Appalachian salamander Arboreal salamander Arizona toad Arroyo toad Black salamander Black toad Black-bellied salamander Black-bellied slender salamander Black-spotted newt Blanchards cricket frog Boreal chorus frog Breckenridge Mountain slender salamander Bronze frog Bullfrog California giant salamander California red-legged frog California slender salamander California tiger salamander California toad California treefrog Canadian toad Canyon treefrog Caribbean white-lipped frog Cascade torrent salamander Xenopus laevis Bufo nelsoni Bufo americanus Plethodon jordani Aneides lugubris Bufo microscaphus microscaphus Bufo microscaphus californicus Aneides flavipunctatus Bufo exsul Desmognathus quadramaculatus Batrachoseps nigriventris Notophthalmus meridionalis Acris crepitans blanchardi Pseudacris triseriata maculata Batrachoseps undescribed species Rana clamitans clamitans Rana catesbeiana Dicamptodon ensatus Rana aurora draytonii Batrachoseps attenuatus Ambystoma californiense Bufo boreas halophilus Hyla cadaverina Bufo hemiophrys Hyla arenicolor Leptodactylus albilabris Rhyacotriton cascadae

Grasshoppers, crickets, and allies

German cockroach Idaho pointheaded grasshopper Kelso giant sand treader cricket Kelso Jerusalem cricket Lake Huron locust Prairie mole cricket Superb spharagemon grasshopper Tuna Cave roach Blatella germanica Acrolophitus punchellus Macrobaenetes kelsonii Ammopelmatus kelsonii Trimerotropis huroniana Gryllotalpa major Spharagemon superbum Aspiduchus cavernicola

Moths and butterflies

Apache nokomis fritillary Arogos skipper Avalon hairstreak Bay checkerspot butterfly Byssus skipper Common wood nymph Speyeria nokomis subspecies apacheana Atrytone arogos Strymon avalona Euphydryas editha bayensis Problema byssus Cercyonis pegala

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Cascades chorus frog Cascades frog Channel Islands slender salamander Chiricahua leopard frog Chorus frogs Clouded salamander Coast chorus frog Coast Range newt Columbia spotted frog Columbia torrent salamander Common coqui Common mud frog Copes giant salamander Couchs spadefoot Crawfish frog Cricket coqui Cricket frog Cuban treefrog Del Norte salamander Desert slender salamander Dunns salamander Eastern narrow-mouthed toad Eastern newt Eastern red-backed salamander Eastern tiger salamander Ensatina Fairview slender salamander Flatwoods salamander Foothill yellow-legged frog Forest coqui Four-toed salamander Fowlers toad Gabilan slender salamander Garden slender salamander Giant salamanders Golden coqui Gray tiger salamander Gray treefrog Great Basin spadefoot Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad Great Plains toad Green frog Green toad Green treefrog Ground coqui Guadalupe slender salamander Gulf Coast toad Hell Hollow slender salamander Houston toad Huachuca tiger salamander Inyo Mountains slender salamander Jemez Mountains salamander Kern Canyon slender salamander Kern Plateau slender salamander Larch Mountain salamander Large-blotched ensatina Leopard frogs Lesser siren Limestone salamander Long-toed salamander Lungless salamanders Marine toad Monterey ensatina Mottled coqui Mount Lyell salamander Mountain yellow-legged frog Mudpuppy Newts Northern cricket frog Northern leopard frog Northern red-legged frog Northern rough-skinned newt Northwestern salamander Olympic torrent salamander Pseudacris regilla cascadae Rana cascadae Batrachoseps pacificus Rana chiricahuensis Pseudacris species Aneides ferreus Pseudacris regilla pacifica Taricha torosa torosa Rana luteiventris Rhyacotriton kexeri Eleutherodactylus coqui [No scientific name] Dicamptodon copei Spea couchii Rana areolata Eleutherodactylus gryllus Acris species Osteopilus septentrionalis Plethodon elongatus Batrachoseps aridus Plethodon dunni Gastrophryne carolinensis Notophthalmus viridescens Plethodon cinereus Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum Ensatina eschscholtzii Batrachoseps undescribed species Ambystoma cingulatum Rana boylii Eleutherodactylus portoricensis Hemidactylium scutatum Bufo woodhousei fowleri Batrachoseps undescribed species Batrachoseps major Family Dicamptodontidae Eleutherodactylus jasperi Ambystoma tigrinum diabolis Hyla versicolor Spea intermontana Gastrophryne species Bufo cognatus Rana clamitans Bufo debilis Hyla cinerea Eleutherodactylus richmondi Batrachoseps undescribed species Bufo valliceps Batrachoseps undescribed species Bufo houstonensis Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi Batrachoseps campi Plethodon neomexicanus Batrachoseps simatus Batrachoseps undescribed species Plethodon larselli Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi Rana species Siren intermedia Hydromantes brunus Ambystoma macrodactylum Family Plethodontidae Bufo marinus Ensatina eschscholtzii eschscholtzii Eleutherodactylus eneidae Hydromantes platycephalus Rana muscosa Necturus maculosus Family Salamandridae Acris crepitans Rana pipiens Rana aurora aurora Taricha granulosa granulosa Ambystoma gracile Rhyacotriton olympicus Oregon ensatina Oregon slender salamander Oregon spotted frog Owens Valley web-toed salamander Pacific chorus frog Pacific giant salamander Pacific slender salamander Painted ensatina Pickerel frog Pig frog Plains leopard frog Plains spadefoot Puerto Rican coqui (see Forest coqui) Ramsey Canyon leopard frog Red-bellied newt Red-legged frog Red-spotted toad Relict leopard frog Relictual slender salamander Ridge-headed toad Rio Grande leopard frog Rock coqui Rough-skinned newt Sacramento Mountain salamander San Gabriel slender salamander Santa Cruz long-toed salamander Santa Lucia slender salamander Shasta salamander Sierra chorus frog Sierra Nevada ensatina Sierra newt Siskiyou Mountains salamander Sonoran Desert toad Southern long-toed salamander Southern toad Southern torrent salamander Southwestern chorus frog Southwestern toad Spadefoots Spotted chorus frog Spotted salamander Spring peeper Squirrel treefrog Striped chorus frog Striped newt Tailed frog Tarahumara frog Tehachapi slender salamander Three-toed amphiuma Tiger salamander Toads Tongueless frogs Torrent salamanders Tree-hole coqui True frogs and ranid frogs Van Dykes salamander Vegas Valley leopard frog Virgin Islands coqui Warty coqui Web-footed coqui Western narrow-mouthed toad Western red-backed salamander Western spadefoot Western spotted frog Western toad Wood frog Woodhouses toad Wrinkled coqui Wyoming toad Yavapai leopard frog Yellow-blotched ensatina Yellow-eyed ensatina Yosemite toad Ensatina eschscholtzii oregonensis Batrachoseps wrighti Rana pretiosa Hydromantes undescribed species Pseudacris regilla Dicamptodon tenebrosus Batrachoseps pacificus Ensatina eschscholtzii picta Rana palustris Rana grylio Rana blairi Spea bombifrons

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Eleutherodactylus portoricensis Rana subaquavocalis Taricha rivularis Rana aurora Bufo punctatus Rana onca Batrachoseps relictus Peltophryne lemur Rana berlandieri Eleutherodactylus cooki Taricha granulosa Aneides hardii Batrachoseps undescribed species Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum Batrachoseps undescribed species Hydromantes shastae Pseudacris regilla sierrae Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis Taricha torosa sierrae Plethodon stormi Bufo alvarius Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum Bufo terrestris Rhyacotriton variegatus Pseudacris regilla hypochondriaca Bufo microscaphus Family Pelobatidae Pseudacris clarkii Ambystoma maculatum Pseudacris crucifer Hyla squirella Pseudacris triseriata Notophthalmus perstriatus Ascaphus truei Rana tarahumarae Batrachoseps stebbinsi Amphiuma tridactylum Ambystoma tigrinum Family Bufonidae Family Pipidae Family Rhyacotritonidae Eleutherodactylus hedricki Family Ranidae Plethodon vandykei Rana fisheri Eleutherodactylus schwartzi Eleutherodactylus locustus Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti Gastrophryne olivacea Plethodon vehiculum Spea hammondii Rana pretiosa unnamed population Bufo boreas Rana sylvatica Bufo woodhousii Eleutherodactylus wightmanae Bufo hemiophrys baxteri Rana yavapaiensis Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica Bufo canorus

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Black-headed grosbeak Black-legged kittiwake Black oystercatcher Black-necked stilt Black phoebe Black rail Black skimmer Black tern Black turnstone Black-throated blue warbler Black-throated sparrow Blackbirds and allies Blackpoll warbler Blue-gray gnatcatcher Blue-gray noddy Blue-gray ternlet Blue-winged teal Bluethroat Bobolink Bonapartes gull Bonin petrel Boobies Boreal chickadee Boreal owl Brant Brewers blackbird Brewers sparrow Bridled tern Bristle-thighed curlew Broad-tailed hummingbird Broad-winged hawk Brown booby Brown creeper Brown-headed cowbird Brown-headed nuthatch Brown noddy Brown pelican Brown thrasher Buff-breasted flycatcher Buff-breasted sandpiper Bufflehead Bullocks oriole Bulwers petrel Burrowing owl Bushtit Bushtits and long-tailed tits Cackling Canada goose Cactus wren California black rail California clapper rail California condor California gnatcatcher California least tern California towhee Calliope hummingbird Canada goose Canada warbler Canvasback Cape petrel Cape Sable seaside sparrow Caracaras and falcons Cardinaline finches Caribbean coot Carolina chickadee Carolina parakeet Caspian tern Cassins auklet Cassins finch Cassins sparrow Cattle egret Cedar waxwing Chestnut-backed chickadee Chestnut-collared longspur Chickadees and titmice Pheucticus melanocephalus Rissa tridactyla Haematopus bachmani Himantopus mexicanus Sayornis nigricans Laterallus jamaicensis Rynchops niger Chlidonias niger Arenaria melanocephala Dendroica caerulescens Amphispiza bilineata Family Icteridae Dendroica striata Polioptila caerulea Procelsterna cerulea Procelsterna cerulea saxatilis Anas discors Luscinia svecica Dolichonyx oryzivorus Larus philadelphia Pterodroma hypoleuca Sula species Poecile hudsonicus Aegolius funereus Branta bernicla Euphagus cyanocephalus Spizella breweri Sterna anaethetus Numenius tahitiensis Selasphorus platycercus Buteo platypterus Sula leucogaster Certhia americana Molothrus ater Sitta pusilla Anous stolidus Pelecanus occidentalis Toxostoma rufum Empidonax fulvifrons Tryngites subruficollis Bucephala albeola Icterus bullocki Bulweria bulwerii Athene cunicularia Psaltriparus minimus Family Aegithalidae Branta canadensis minima Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Laterallus jamaicensis coturnicolus Rallus longirostris obsoletus Gymnogyps californianus Polioptila californica Sterna antillarum browni Pipilo crissalis Stellula calliope Branta canadensis Wilsonia canadensis Aythya valisineria Daption capensis Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis Family Falconidae Family Cardinalidae Fulica caribaea Poecile carolinensis Conuropsis carolinensis Sterna caspia Ptychoramphus aleuticus Carpodacus cassinii Aimophila cassinii Bubulcus ibis Bombycilla cedrorum Poecile rufescens Calcarius ornatus Family Paridae

Birds
Acorn woodpecker Akepa Albatrosses Alcids Alder flycatcher Aleutian Canada goose Allens hummingbird American avocet American bittern American black duck American coot American crow American dipper American golden-plover American goldfinch American kestrel American peregrine falcon American redstart American robin American white pelican American wigeon American woodcock Anhinga Anianiau Antarctic skua Antillean mango Antillean nighthawk Apapane Aplomado falcon Arctic peregrine falcon Arctic tern Arctic warbler Arizona Bells vireo Ash-throated flycatcher Atlantic puffin Attwaters greater prairie-chicken Audubons shearwater Auks, guillemots, murres, and puffins Avocets and stilts Babblers Bachmans sparrow Bachmans warbler Bairds sandpiper Bairds sparrow Bald eagle Baltimore oriole Band-rumped storm-petrel Band-tailed pigeon Bank swallow Barn-owls Barn swallow Barred owl Bay-breasted warbler Beldings savannah sparrow Bells vireo Belted kingfisher Bendires thrasher Bermuda petrel Bewicks wren Black-and-white warbler Black-backed woodpecker Black-bellied plover Black-bellied whistling-duck Black-billed cuckoo Black-billed magpie Black-browed albatross Black-capped chickadee Black-capped petrel Black-chinned sparrow Black-crowned night-heron Black-footed albatross Black guillemot Melanerpes formicivorus Loxops coccineus Family Diomedeidae Family Alcidae Empidonax alnorum Branta canadensis leucopareia Selasphorus sasin Recurvirostra americana Botaurus lentiginosus Anas rubripes Fulica americana Corvus brachyrhynchos Cinclus mexicanus Pluvialis dominica Carduelis tristis Falco sparverius Falco peregrinus anatum Setophaga ruticilla Turdus migratorius Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Anas americana Scolopax minor Anhinga anhinga Hemignathus parvus Catharcta maccormicki Anthracothorax dominicus Chordeiles gundlachii Himatione sanguinea Falco femoralis Falco pereginus tundrius Sterna paradisaea Phylloscopus borealis Vireo bellii arizonae Myiarchus cinerascens Fratercula arctica Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Puffinus lherminieri Family Alcidae Family Recurvirostridae Family Timaliidae Aimophila aestivalis Vermivora bachmanii Calidris bairdii Ammodramus bairdii Haliaeetus leucocephalus Icterus galbula Oceanodroma castro Columba fasciata Riparia riparia Family Tytonidae Hirundo rustica Strix varia Dendroica castanea Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi Vireo bellii Ceryle alcyon Toxostoma bendirei Pterodroma chow Thryomanes bewickii Mniotilta varia Picoides arcticus Pluvialis squatarola Dendrocygna autumnalis Coccyzus erythropthalmus Pica pica Thalassarche melanophris Poecile atricapillus Pterodroma hasitata Spizella atrogularis Nycticorax nycticorax Phoebastria nigripes Cepphus grylle

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Chimney swift Chaetura pelagica Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Christmas shearwater Puffinus nativitatis Clapper rail Rallus longirostris Clarks nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana Clay-colored sparrow Spizella pallida Cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Coastal California gnatcatcher Polioptila californica californica Columbian sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus Common amakihi Hemignathus virens Common eider Somateria mollissima Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula Common grackle Quiscalus quiscula Common loon Gavia immer Common merganser Mergus merganser Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus Common murre Uria aalge Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor Common raven Corvus corax Common redpoll Carduelis flammea Common snipe Gallinago gallinago Common tern Sterna hirundo Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Coots, gallinules, and rails Family Rallidae Cormorants Family Phalacrocoracidae Corys shearwater Calonectris diomedea Cowbirds Molothrus species Cranes Family Gruidae Creepers Family Certhiidae Crested auklet Aethia cristatella Crested caracara Caracara plancus Crows, jays, and magpies Family Corvidae Cuban (Lesser Puerto Rican) crow Corvus nasicus Cuckoos and relatives Family Cuculidae Curve-billed thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre Dark-eyed junco, including slatecolored junco Junco hyemalis Dark-rumped petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia Darwins finches (see Galapagos finches) DeBooys rail Nesotrichas debooyi Dickcissel Spiza americana Dippers Family Cinclidae Double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Dovekie Alle alle Doves and pigeons Family Columbidae Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens Ducks, geese, and swans Family Anatidae Dunlin Calidris alpina Dusky Canada goose Branta canadensis occidentalis Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Dusky seaside sparrow Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis Eastern Bewicks wren Thryomanes bewickii altus Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis Eastern brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis Eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna Eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe Eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern wood-pewee Contopus virens Eiders Polysticta and Somateria species Elegant trogon Trogon elegans Elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis Elf owl Micrathene whitneyi Elfin Woods warbler Dendroica angelae Emberizid finches Family Emberizidae Emperor goose Chen canagica Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis Estrildid finches Family Estrildidae European starling Sturnus vulgaris Evening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus Everglade snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Evermanns rock ptarmigan Laggus mutus evermanni Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis Ferruginous pygmy-owl Field sparrow Fish crow Flammulated owl Florida scrub-jay Fork-tailed storm-petrel Forsters tern Franklins gull Frigatebirds Fulmars, petrels, and shearwaters Fulvous whistling-duck Gadwall Galapagos finches Gila woodpecker Gilded flicker Glaucous gull Glaucous-winged gull Glossy ibis Golden-crowned kinglet Golden-crowned sparrow Golden eagle Golden-winged warbler Grasshopper sparrow Gray-backed tern Gray catbird Gray-cheeked thrush Gray-crowned rosy-finch Gray flycatcher Gray jay Gray partridge Gray vireo Great auk Great Basin Canada goose Great black-backed gull Great blue heron Great cormorant Great egret Great gray owl Great horned owl Great skua Greater flamingo Greater prairie-chicken Greater sandhill crane Greater scaup Greater shearwater Greater white-fronted goose Greater yellowlegs Grebes Green heron Green-tailed towhee Green-winged teal Grouse, pheasants, and quails Gull-billed tern Gulls, terns, and allies Gyrfalcon Hairy woodpecker Hammonds flycatcher Harcourts storm-petrel Harlequin duck Hawaiian akialoa Hawaiian dark-rumped petrel Hawks, kites, and eagles Henslows sparrow Herald petrel Hermit thrush Hermit warbler Herons, egrets, and bitterns Herring gull Hill myna Hispaniolan parakeet Hoary redpoll Hooded merganser Horned grebe

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Glaucidium brasilianum Spizella pusilla Corvus ossifragus Otus flammeolus Aphelocoma caerulescens Oceanodroma furcata Sterna forsteri Larus pipixcan Fregata species Family Procellariidae Dendrocygna bicolor Anas strepera Camarhynchus, Certhidia, Geospiza, Pinaroloxias species Melanerpes uropygialis Colaptes chrysoides Larus hyperboreus Larus glaucescens Plegadis falcinellus Regulus satrapa Zonotrichia atricapilla Aquila chrysaetos Vermivora chrysoptera Ammodramus savannarum Sterna lunata Dumetella carolinensis Catharus minimus Leucosticte tephrocotis Empidonax wrightii Perisoreus canadensis Perdix perdix Vireo vicinior Pinguinus impennis Branta canadensis moffitti Larus marinus Ardea herodias Phalacrocorax carbo Ardea alba Strix nebulosa Bubo virginianus Catharacta skua Phoenicopterus ruber Tympanuchus cupido Grus canadensis tabida Aythya marila Puffinus gravis Anser albifrons Tringa melanoleuca Family Podicipedidae Butorides virescens Pipilo chlorurus Anas crecca Family Phasianidae Sterna nilotica Family Laridae Falco rusticolus Picoides villosus Empidonax hammondii Oceanodroma castro Histrionicus histrionicus Hemignathus obscurus Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis Family Accipitridae Ammodramus henslowii Pterodroma arminjoniana Catharus guttatus Dendroica occidentalis Family Ardeidae Larus argentatus Gracula religiosa Aratinga chloroptera Carduelis hornemanni Lophodytes cucullatus Podiceps auritus

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Eremophila alpestris Fratercula corniculata Carpodacus mexicanus Passer domesticus Troglodytes aedon Limosa haemastica Family Trochilidae Family Threskiornithidae Larus glaucoides Vestiaria coccinea Passerina cyanea Sterna antillarum athalassos Aphelocoma insularis Campephilus principalis Stercorarius species Gallus gallus Oreomystis bairdi Geotrygon chrysias Charadrius vociferus Somateria spectabilis Rallus elegans Family Alcedinidae Family Regulidae Dendroica kirtlandii Rissa species Brachyramphus brevirostris Picoides scalaris Calcarius lapponicus Calamospiza melanocorys Chondestes grammacus Family Alaudidae Larus atricilla Phoebastria immutabilis Passerina amoena Ammodramus leconteii Oceanodroma leucorhoa Aethia pusilla Vireo bellii pusillus Ixobrychus exilis Empidonax minimus Calidris minutilla Sterna antillarum Branta canadensis parvipes Carduelus psaltria Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Aythya affinis Melanerpes lewis Rallus longirostris levipes Aramus guarauna Egretta caerulea Puffinus assimilis Sterna albifrons Lanius ludovicianus Numenius americanus Limnodromus scolopaceus Stercorarius longicaudus Asio otus Family Gaviidae Vermivora luciae Oporornis tolmiei Fregata magnificens Dendroica magnolia Anas platyrhynchos Puffinus puffinus Limosa fedoa Brachyramphus marmoratus Cistothorus palustris Sula dactylatra Paroreomyza montana Pseudonestor xanthophrys Calcarius mccownii Plectrophenax hyperboreus Falco columbarius Larus canus Mexican spotted owl Mississippi kite Mississippi sandhill crane Mockingbirds and thrashers Monarchs Monk parakeet Mottled duck Mountain bluebird Mountain chickadee Mountain plover Mountain quail Mourning dove Mynas and starlings Nashville warbler Nelsons sharp-tailed sparrow New World quail New World vultures Newells Townsends shearwater Nightjars Noddies Northern bobwhite Northern cardinal Northern flicker Northern fulmar Northern gannet Northern goshawk Northern harrier Northern mockingbird Northern oriole Northern parula Northern pintail Northern rough-winged swallow Northern shoveler Northern spotted owl Northern wheatear Northwestern crow Nuthatches Old World finches and allies Old World flycatchers and allies Old World sparrows Oldsquaw Olive-sided flycatcher Omao Orange-crowned warbler Orange-fronted parakeet Orchard oriole Osprey Oystercatchers Pacific golden-plover Pacific loon Pacific pigeon Pacific-slope flycatcher Painted bunting Palila Parakeet auklet Passenger pigeon Peales peregrine falcon Pectoral sandpiper Pekin duck (see Mallard) Pelicans Peregrine falcon Petrels Phainopepla Pied-billed grebe Pigeon guillemot Pileated woodpecker Pine grosbeak Pine siskin Pine warbler Piping plover Pipits and wagtails Plain pigeon Plain titmouse Plovers Strix occidentalis lucida Ictinia mississippiensis Grus canadensis pulla Family Mimidae Family Monarchidae Myiopsitta monachus Anas fulvigula Sialia currucoides Poecile gambeli Charadrius montanus Oreortyx pictus Zenaida macroura Family Sturnidae Vermivora ruficapilla Ammodramus nelsoni Family Odontophoridae Family Cathartidae Puffinis auricularis newelli Family Caprimulgidae Anous species Colinus virginianus Cardinalis cardinalis Colaptes auratus Fulmarus glacialis Morus bassanus Accipiter gentilis Circus cyaneus Mimus polyglottos Icterus bullocki and I. galbula Parula americana Anas acuta Stelgidopteryx serripennis Anas clypeata Strix occidentalis caurina Oenanthe oenanthe Corvus caurinus Family Sittidae Family Fringillidae Family Sylviidae Family Passeridae Clangula hyemalis Contopus cooperi Myadestes obscurus Vermivora celata Aratinga canicularis Icterus spurius Pandion haliaetus Family Haematopodidae Pluvialis fulva Gavia pacifica Ducula pacifica Empidonax difficilis Passerina ciris Loxioides bailleui Aethia psittacula Ectopistes migratorius Falco peregrinus pealei Calidris melanotos Family Pelecanidae Falco peregrinus Family Procellariidae Phainopepla nitens Podilymbus podiceps Cepphus columba Dryocopus pileatus Pinicola enucleator Carduelis pinus Dendroica pinus Charadrius melodus Family Motacillidae Columba inornata Baelophus inornatus Family Charadriidae

Horned lark Horned puffin House finch House sparrow House wren Hudsonian godwit Hummingbirds Ibises and spoonbills Iceland gull Iiwi Indigo bunting Interior least tern Island scrub-jay Ivory-billed woodpecker Jaegers Jungle fowl Kauai creeper Key West quail-dove Killdeer King eider King rail Kingfishers Kinglets Kirtlands warbler Kittiwakes Kittlitzs murrelet Ladder-backed woodpecker Lapland longspur Lark bunting Lark sparrow Larks Laughing gull Laysan albatross Lazuli bunting Le Contes sparrow Leachs storm-petrel Least auklet Least Bells vireo Least bittern Least flycatcher Least sandpiper Least tern Lesser Canada goose Lesser goldfinch Lesser prairie-chicken Lesser scaup Lewiss woodpecker Light-footed clapper rail Limpkin Little blue heron Little shearwater Little tern Loggerhead shrike Long-billed curlew Long-billed dowitcher Long-tailed jaeger Long-eared owl Loons Lucys warbler MacGillivrays warbler Magnificent frigatebird Magnolia warbler Mallard Manx shearwater Marbled godwit Marbled murrelet Marsh wren Masked booby Maui creeper Maui parrotbill McCowns longspur McKays bunting Merlin Mew gull

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Plumbeous solitary vireo Pomarine jaeger Ponape greater white-eye Ponape mountain starling Poo-uli Prairie falcon Prairie warbler Prothonotary warbler Ptarmigans Puerto Rican barn-owl Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk Puerto Rican nightjar Puerto Rican parrot Puerto Rican plain pigeon Puerto Rican quail-dove Puerto Rican screech-owl Puerto Rican sharp-shinned hawk Puerto Rican woodcock Purple-capped fruit-dove Purple finch Purple gallinule Purple martin Purple sandpiper Razorbill Red-bellied woodpecker Red-breasted merganser Red-breasted nuthatch Red-cockaded woodpecker Red crossbill Red-eyed vireo Red-faced cormorant Red-footed booby Red-headed woodpecker Red-legged kittiwake Red-necked grebe Red-necked phalarope Red phalarope Red-shouldered hawk Red siskin Red-tailed hawk Red-tailed tropicbird Red-throated loon Red-throated pipit Red-winged blackbird Reddish egret Redhead Rhinoceros auklet Ring-billed gull Ring-necked duck Ring-necked pheasant Rock dove Rock ptarmigan Rock sandpiper Rock wren Rose-breasted grosbeak Roseate tern Rosss goose Rough-legged hawk Royal tern Ruby-crowned kinglet Ruby-throated hummingbird Ruddy duck Ruddy ground-dove Ruffed grouse Rufous hummingbird Sage grouse Sage sparrow Sage thrasher San Clemente loggerhead shrike San Clemente sage sparrow San Diego cactus wren Sandhill crane Sandpipers and allies Sandwich tern Vireo solitarius plumbeus Stercorarius pomarinus Rukia longirostra Aplonis pelzelni Melamprosops phaeosoma Falco mexicanus Dendroica discolor Protonotaria citrea Lagopus species Tyto cavatica Buteo platypterus brunnescens Caprimulgus noctitherus Amazona vittata Columba inornata wetmorei Geotrygon larva Otus nudipes Accipiter striatus venator Scolopax anthonyi Ptilinopus porphyraceus Carpodacus purpureus Porphyrula martinica Progne subis Calidris maritima Alca torda Melanerpes carolinus Mergus serrator Sitta canadensis Picoides borealis Loxia curvirostra Vireo olivaceus Phalacrocorax urile Sula sula Melanerpes erythrocephalus Rissa brevirostris Podiceps grisegena Phalaropus lobatus Phalaropus fulicarius Buteo lineatus Carduelis cucullata Buteo jamaicensis Phaethon ribricauda Gavia stellata Anthus cervinus Agelaius phoeniceus Egretta rufescens Aythya americana Cerorhinca monocerata Larus delawarensis Aythya collaris Phasianus colchicus Columba livia Lagopus mutus Calidris ptilocnemis Salpinctes obsoletus Pheucticus ludovicianus Sterna dougallii Chen rossii Buteo lagopus Sterna maxima Regulus calendula Archilochus colubris Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis Columbina talpacoti Bonasa umbellus Selasphorus rufus Centrocercus urophasianus Amphispiza belli Oreoscoptes montanus Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Amphispiza belli clementeae Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus couesi Grus canadensis Family Scolopacidae Sterna sandvicensis Savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis Says phoebe Sayornis saya Scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber Scaups Aythya affinis and A. marila Scoters Melanitta species Scotts oriole Icterus parisorum Sedge wren Cistothorus platensis Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus Sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus Shearwaters Calonectris and Puffinus species Shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Short-eared owl Asio flammeus Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus Short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Shrikes Family Laniidae Silky-flycatchers Family Ptilogonatidae Skimmers (see Black skimmer) Skuas Catharcta species Snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Snow goose Chen caerulescens Snowy egret Egretta thula Snowy owl Nyctea scandiaca Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus Solitary vireo Vireo solitarius Song sparrow Melospiza melodia Sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus Sooty storm-petrel Oceanodroma tristrami Sooty tern Sterna fuscata Sora Porzana carolina South polar skua Catharacta maccormicki Southwestern willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus Spectacled eider Somateria fischeri Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Spotted owl Strix occidentalis Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia Spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus Spragues pipit Anthus spragueii Spruce grouse Falcipennis canadensis St. Croix macaw Ara autocthones Stellers eider Polysticta stelleri Stellers jay Cyanocitta stelleri Stellers sea-eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus Storks Family Ciconiidae Storm-petrels Family Hydrobatidae Surfbird Aphriza virgata Swainsons hawk Buteo swainsoni Swainsons thrush Catharus ustulatus Swainsons warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii Swallows Family Hirundinidae Swamp sparrow Melospiza georgiana Swifts Family Apodidae Tanagers Family Thraupidae Taverners Canada goose Branta canadensis taverneri Thick-billed murre Uria lomvia Thick-billed parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus Thrushes Family Turdidae Townsends shearwater Puffinus auricularis Townsends solitaire Myadestes townsendi Townsends warbler Dendroica townsendi Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor Tricolored blackbird Agelaius tricolor Tricolored heron Egretta tricolor Tristrams storm-petrel (see Sooty storm-petrel) Trogons Family Trogonidae Tropicbirds Family Phaethontidae Troupial Icterus icterus Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator Tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata Tufted titmouse Baelophus bicolor Tule white-fronted goose Anser albifrons gambelli Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus

885

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Cathartes aura Family Strigidae Family Tyrannidae Bartramia longicauda Branta canadensis fulva Passerina versicolor Ixoreus naevius Chaetura vauxi Catharus fuscescens Pyrocephalus rubinus Pooecetes gramineus Amazilia violiceps Tachycineta thalassina Family Vireonidae Otus nudipes newtoni Rallus limicola Heteroscelus incanus Vireo gilvus Anthus rubescens Family Bombycillidae Puffinus pacificus Oxyura jamaicensis subspecies Dendrocygna arborea Sialia mexicana Branta canadensis moffitti Aechmophorus occidentalis Tyrannus verticalis Sturnella neglecta Calidris mauri Aphelocoma californica Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus Piranga ludoviciana Contopus sordidulus Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Numenius phaeopus Aethia pygmaea Sitta carolinensis Anas bahamensis Procellaria aequinoctialis Columba leucocephala Zonotrichia leucophrys Vireo griseus Plegadis chihi Pelagodroma marina Picoides albolarvatus Eudocimus albus Corvus leucognaphalus Calidris fuscicollis Haliaeetus albicilla Lagopus leucurus Phaethon lepturus Gygis alba Zonotrichia albicollis Acridotheres javanicus Zenaida asiatica Grus americana Meleagris gallopavo Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Empidonax traillii Lagopus lagopus Phalaropus tricolor Oceanites oceanicus Wilsonia pusilla Troglodytes troglodytes Aix sponsa Mycteria americana Hylocichla mustelina Family Parulidae Family Picidae Family Troglodytidae Chamaea fasciata Coccyzus americanus Gavia adamsii Pica nuttalli Yellow-breasted chat Yellow-crowned night-heron Yellow-headed blackbird Yellow-nosed albatross Yellow rail Yellow-rumped warbler Yellow-shafted flicker Yellow-shouldered blackbird Yellow-throated vireo Yellow wagtail Yellow warbler Yuma clapper rail Yunaska rock ptarmigan Zenaida dove Icteria virens Nyctanassa violacea Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Thallasarche chlororhynchos Coturnicops noveboracensis Dendroica coronata Colaptes auratus auratus Agelaius xanthomus Vireo flavifrons Motacilla flava Dendroica petechia Rallus longirostris yumanensis Lagopus mutus yunaskensis Zenaida aurita

Turkey vulture Typical owls Tyrant flycatchers Upland sandpiper Vancouver Canada goose Varied bunting Varied thrush Vauxs swift Veery Vermilion flycatcher Vesper sparrow Violet-crowned hummingbird Violet-green swallow Vireos Virgin Islands screech-owl Virginia rail Wandering tattler Warbling vireo Water pipit Waxwings Wedge-tailed shearwater West Indian ruddy duck West Indian whistling-duck Western bluebird Western Canada goose Western grebe Western kingbird Western meadowlark Western sandpiper Western scrub-jay Western snowy plover Western tanager Western wood-pewee Western yellow-billed cuckoo Whimbrel Whiskered auklet White-breasted nuthatch White-cheeked pintail White-chinned petrel White-crowned pigeon White-crowned sparrow White-eyed vireo White-faced ibis White-faced storm-petrel White-headed woodpecker White ibis White-necked crow White-rumped sandpiper White-tailed eagle White-tailed ptarmigan White-tailed tropicbird White tern White-throated sparrow White-vented myna White-winged dove Whooping crane Wild turkey Willet Willow flycatcher Willow ptarmigan Wilsons phalarope Wilsons storm-petrel Wilsons warbler Winter wren Wood duck Wood stork Wood thrush Wood warblers Woodpeckers and wrynecks Wrens Wrentit Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-billed loon Yellow-billed magpie

Fishes
Agile damselfish Pomacentrus species Akule Selar crumenophthalmus Alabama sturgeon Acipenser suttkusi Alaska blackfish Dallia pectoralis Albacore Thunnus alalunga Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus Alligator gar Lepisosteus spatula Alvord chub Gila alvordensis Alvord cutthroat trout Salmo clarki subspecies Amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus Amargosa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis Amberjack (see Greater amberjack) American eel Anguilla rostrata American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides American shad Alosa sapidissima Anchovies Family Engraulidae Angelfishes Family Pomacanthidae Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis Arctic cod Boreogadus saida Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus Arctic lamprey Lampetra japonica Arkansas darter Etheostoma cragini Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi Arkansas River speckled chub Macrhybopsis tetranema Armorheads Family Pentacerotidae Arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stommias Arroyo chub Gila orcuttii Ash Meadows pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius Atlantic bonito Sarda sarda Atlantic bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus Atlantic herring Clupea harengus Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Atlantic sharks Families Alopiidae, Carcharhinidae, Lamnidae, Sphrynidae, and Squalidae Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus Atlantic threadfin Polydactylus octonemus Barracudas Family Sphyraenidae Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli Bayou killifish Fundulus pulvereus Bering cisco Coregonus laurettae Bering Sea pollock (see Pollock) Bigeye marbled sculpin Cottus klamathensis macrops Bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus Bighead searobin Prionotus tribulus Bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus Billfishes Family Istiophoridae Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black drum Pogonias cromis Black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci Blackcod (see Sablefish) Blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus Blindfishes (see Cavefish) Bloater Coregonus hoyi Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus Blue chromis Chromis cyanea Blue chub Gila coerulea Blue marlin Makaira nigricans Blue pike Stizostedion vitreum glaucum Blue shark Prionace glauca Blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Blue tang Acanthurus coeruleus Blue tilapia Tilapia aurea Blueback herring Alosa aestivalis Bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Bluntnose shiner Notropis simus Bonytail chub Gila elegans Borax Lake chub Gila boraxobius Bowfin Amia calva Boxfishes Family Ostraciidae Broad whitefish Coregonus nasus Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus Brown trout Salmo trutta Bucktooth parrotfish Sparisoma radians Buffaloes Ictiobus species Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Bullhead catfishes Family Ictaluridae Burbot Lota lota Butter hamlet Hypoplectrus unicolor Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus Butterflyfishes Family Chaetodontidae California golden trout Oncorhynchus aquabonita subspecies California killifish Fundulus parvipinnis California roach Hesperoleucus symmetricus Capelin Mallotus villosus Carps and minnows Family Cyprinidae Catlow Valley redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Catlow Valley tui chub Gila bicolor subspecies Cavefish Family Amblyopsidae Cero Scomberomorus regalis Chalk bass Serranus tortugarum Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Cichlids Family Cichlidae Cisco or lake herring Coregonus artedii Clear Lake splittail Pogonichthys ciscoides Coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki Coastrange sculpin Cottus aleuticus Cobia Rachycentron canadum Cods Family Gadidae Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius Columbia River smelt (see Eulachon) Common carp Cyprinus carpio Cookie-cutter shark Isistius brasiliensis Cowhead Lake tui chub Gila bicolor vaccaceps Crappies Pomoxis species Crevalle jack Caranx hippos Croakers and drums Family Sciaenidae Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki Damselfishes Family Pomacentridae Deepwater cisco Coregonus johannae Deepwater flounder Monolene sessilicauda Deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii Delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus Demersal shelf rockfish Sebastes species Devils Hole pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma Dolphin Coryphaena hippurus Dover sole Eastern mosquitofish Elasmobranchs Eleotrids Emerald shiner Emperors English sole Eulachon Fathead minnow Finfish Flannelmouth sucker Flatfish Flathead catfish Flathead chub Flathead sole Florida pompano Flounders Foskett speckled dace Foureye butterflyfish Fourhorn sculpin French grunt Freshwater drum Frigate mackerel (Tuna) Fringed filefish Gafftopsail catfish Gars Gila topminnow Gila trout Gizzard shad Goatfishes Gobies Golden shiner Golden trout Goose Lake lamprey Goose Lake sucker Goose Lake tui chub Grass carp Gray angelfish Gray snapper Graylings Great barracuda Greater amberjack Green sturgeon Greenback cutthroat trout Greenland halibut (Turbot) Groupers Grunts Gulf butterfish Gulf killifish Gulf menhaden Gulf sturgeon Guppy Haddock Hake (see Pacific hake) Hardhead Hardhead catfish Harelip sucker Herrings and shads Hickory shad Hitch Humpback chub Humpback whitefish Hutton Spring tui chub Inland silverside Interior redband trout Jack mackerel Jacks Jenny Creek sucker Kelpfishes Kern brook lamprey Killifishes King mackerel Kingfishes

887

Microstomus pacificus Gambusia holbrookii Class Elasmobranchiomorphi Various genera Notropis atherinoides Lethrimus species Pleuronectes vetulus Thaleichthys pacificus Pimephales promelas Fish of the Class Pisces [as opposed to shellfish] Catostomus latipinnis Order Pleuronectiformes Pylodictis olivaris Platygobio gracilis Hippoglossoides elassodon Trachinotus carolinus Order Pleuronectiformes Rhinichthys osculus subspecies Chaetodon capistratus Myoxocephalus quadricornis Haemulon flavolineatum Aplodinotus grunniens Auxus thazard Monacanthus ciliatus Bagre marinus Lepisosteus species Poeciliopsis occidentalis Oncorhynchus gilae Dorosoma cepedianum Family Mullidae Family Gobiidae Notropis crysoleucas Oncorhynchus aguabonita Lampetra tridentata subspecies Catostomus occidentalis lacusanserinus Gila bicolor thalassina Ctenopharyngodon idella Pomacanthus arcuatus Lutjanus griseus Subfamily Thymallinae Sphyraena barracuda Seriola dumerili Acipenser medirostris Oncorhynchus clarki stomias Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Epinephelus and Mycteroperca species Family Haemulidae Peprilus burti Fundulus grandis Brevoortia patronus Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi Poecilia reticulata Melanogrammus aeglefinus Mylopharodon conocephalus Arius felis Lagochila lacera Family Clupeidae Alosa mediocris Lavinia exilicauda Gila cypha Coregonus pidschian Gila bicolor subspecies Menidia beryllina Oncorhynchus mykiss gibbsi Trachurus symmetricus Caranx species Catostomus rimiculus subspecies Family Dactyloscopidae Lampetra hubbsi Fundulus species Scomberomorus cavalla Menticirrhus species

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Pacific halibut Pacific herring Pacific lamprey Pacific ocean perch Pacific sandfish Pacific sardine Pacific staghorn sculpin Pacific swordfish (see Swordfish) Pacific tomcod Pacific whiting (see Pacific hake) Paddlefish Pahrump poolfish Paiute cutthroat trout Paiute sculpin Pallid sturgeon Pelagic armorhead Pelagic shelf rockfish Petrale sole Phantom shiner Pikes Pink salmon Pit sculpin Pitt-Klamath brook lamprey Plains minnow Plains topminnow Pollock Pomfrets Pond smelt Porgies Prickly sculpin Pupfishes Pygmy whitefish Pyramid Lake cutthroat trout Rainbow smelt Rainbow trout Razorback sucker Red drum Red grouper Red hake Red snapper Redband trout Redear sunfish Redfish Redhorses Reticulate sculpin Riffle sculpin Righteye flounders Rio Grande bluntnose shiner Rio Grande chub Rio Grande shiner Rio Grande silvery minnow River carpsucker River herrings River lamprey Roanoke logperch Rock hind Rock sole Rockfishes Rough sculpin Rough silverside Round goby Round whitefish Roundtail chub Ruffe Sablefish Sacramento blackfish Sacramento perch Sacramento splittail Sacramento squawfish Sacramento sucker Saffron cod Sailfin molly Sailfish Salish sucker Hippoglossus stenolepus Clupea pallasi Lampetra tridentata Sebastes alutus Trichodon trichodon Sardinops sagax Leptocottus armatus Microgadus proximus Polyodon spathula Empetrichthys latos Oncorhynchus clarki subspecies Cottus beldingii Scaphirhynchus albus Pentaceros pectoralis Sebastes species Eopsetta jordani Notropis orca Family Esocidae Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Cottus pitensis Lampetra lethophaga Hybognathus placitus Fundulus sciadicus Pollachius virens Family Bramidae Hypomesus olidus Family Sparidae Cottus asper Family Cyprinodontidae Prosopium coulterii Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi Osmerus mordax Oncorhynchus mykiss Xyrauchen texanus Sciaenops ocellatus Epinephelus morio Urophyssus chuss Lutjanus campechanus Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Lepomis microlophus Sebastes species Moxostoma species Cottus perplexus Cottus gulosus Family Pleuronectidae Notropis simus simus Gila pandora Notropis jemezanus Hybognathus amarus Carpiodes carpio Alosa aestivalis and A. pseudoharengus Lampetra ayresii Percina rex Epinephelus adscensionis Pleuronectes bilineatus Sebastes species Cottus asperimmus Membras martinica Neogobius melanostomus Prosopium cylindraceum Gila robusta Gymnocephalus cernuus Anoplopoma fimbria Orthodon microlepidotus Archoplites interruptus Pogonichthys macrolepidotus Ptychocheilus grandis Catostomus occidentalis Eliginus gracilis Poecilia latipinna Istiophorus platypterus Catostomus species

Klamath largescale sucker Catostomus snyderi Klamath River lamprey Lampetra similis Klamath smallscale sucker Catostomus rimiculus Kokanee (see Sockeye salmon) Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi Lahontan shiner Richardsonius egregius Lake chub Couesius plumbeus Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis Lampreys Family Petromyzontidae Lane snapper Lutjanus synagris Lanternfishes Family Myctophidae Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides Least cisco Coregonus sardinella Least darter Etheostoma microperca Leatherjackets Family Balistidae Leatherside chub Gila copei Little Kern golden trout Oncorhynchus aquabonita whitei Little Kern rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus Loach minnow Rhinichthys cobitis Longbill spearfish Tetrapturus pfluegeri Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys Longjaw mudsucker Gillichthys mirabilis Longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae Longnose killifish Fundulus similis Longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus Lower Columbia River fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subspecies Mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus Mackerels Family Scombridae Malheur mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii subspecies Marbled sculpin Cottus klamathensis Margined sculpin Cottus marginatus Marsh killifish Fundulus confluentus Maryland darter Etheostoma sellare Masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou McCloud River redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Menhaden Brevoortia species Miller Lake lamprey Lampetra minima Millicoma dace Rhinichthys cataractae subspecies Minnows Family Cyprinidae Modoc sucker Catostomus microps Monkey Springs pupfish Cyprinodon species Mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii Mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola Mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus Mudminnows Family Umbridae Mullets Family Mugilidae Muskellunge Esox masquinongy Mutton hamlet Epinephelus afer Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus Nehu Encrasicholina purpurea Neosho madtom Noturus placidus Ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius Nooksack dace Rhinichthys cataractae subspecies Northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Northern bluefin tuna (see Bluefin tuna) Northern kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis Northern pike Esox lucius Northern rockfish Sebastes polyspinis Northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis Ocean sunfish Mola mola Oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus Olympic mudminnow Novumbra hubbsi Oopu alamoo Lentipes concolor Opakapaka Pristipomoides filamentosus Opelu Decapterus macarellus Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri Oregon Lakes tui chub Gila bicolor oregonensis Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Pacific hake Merluccius productus

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Salmon shark Salmons and trouts Sand roller Sand seatrout Santa Ana speckled dace Santa Ana sucker Saratoga Springs pupfish Sardines Sauger Scrawled filefish Sculpins Sea lamprey Seatrout Shads Shallow-water flatfish Sheefish (Inconnu) Sheepshead Sheepshead minnow Sheldon tui chub Shiner perch Shortbelly rockfish Shortfin mako Shorthead sculpin Shortnose sucker Shoshone pupfish Shoshone sculpin Shovelnose sturgeon Sicklefin chub Silky shark Silver hake Silver perch Silversides Skates Skipjack herring Skipjack tuna Slender chub Slimy sculpin Smallmouth bass Smallmouth buffalo Smelts Snake River chinook salmon Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout Snake River sockeye salmon Sockeye salmon South coast fall chinook salmon Southeast drum Southern flounder Southern steelhead Spanish mackerel Spearfish Speckled chub Speckled dace Spikedace Spiny dogfish Spoonhead sculpin Spot Spotted seatrout Spotted shiner Spotted snake eel Spotted sunfish Squirrelfishes Starry flounder Steelhead (Sea-run) Sticklebacks Striped anchovy Striped bass Striped mullet Sturgeon chub Sturgeons Suckers Summer flounder Sunapee char Surf smelt Lamna ditropis Family Salmonidae Percopsis transmontana Cynoscion arenarius Rhinichthys osculus subspecies Catostomus santaanae Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis Family Clupeidae Stizostedion canadense Aluturus scriptus Family Cottidae Petromyzon marinus Cynoscion species Family Clupeidae Order Pleuronectiformes Stenodus leucichthys Archosargus probatocephalus Cyprinodon variegatus Gila bicolor eurysoma Cymatogaster aggregata Sebastes jordani Isurus oxyrhinhus Cottus confusus Chasmistes brevirostris Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone Cottus greenei Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Macrhybopsis meeki Carcharhinus falciformis Merluccius bilinearis Bairdiella chrysoura Family Atherinidae Family Rajidae Alosa chrysochloris Katsuwonus pelamis Erimystax cahni Cottus cognatus Micropterus dolomieu Ictiobus bubalus Family Osmeridae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subspecies Oncorhynchhus clarki subspecies Oncorhynchus nerka subspecies Oncorhynchus nerka Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subspecies Family Sciaenidae Paralichthys lethostigma Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Scomberomorus maculatus Tetrapturus species Macrhybopsis aestivalis Rhinichthys osculus Meda fulgida Squalus acanthias Cottus ricei Leiostomus xanthurus Cynoscion nebulosus Notropis hudsonius Ophichthus ophis Lepomis punctatus Holocentrus species Platichthys stellatus Oncorhynchus mykiss Family Gasterosteidae Anchoa hepsetus Morone saxatilis Mugil cephalus Macrhybopsis gelida Family Acipenseridae Family Catostomidae Paralichthys dentatus Salvelinus alpinus Hypomesus pretiosus Surfperch Swordfish Tahoe sucker Tarpon Tecopa pupfish Thicktail chub Thornyheads Threespine stickleback Thresher shark Tidewater goby Tidewater silverside Tilefishes Topeka shiner Troutperch Troutperches Tubenose goby Tui chub Tule perch Tunas Umpqua chub Unarmored threespine stickleback Vermilion snapper Virgin River chub Virgin spinedace Waccamaw silverside Wahoo Walleye Walleye pollock Warm Springs pupfish Warmouth Warner sucker Warner Valley redband trout Weakfish Western brook lamprey Western mosquitofish Western silvery minnow Westslope cutthroat trout White bass White crappie White hake White sturgeon Whitefishes Whiteline topminnow Widow rockfish Windowpane Winter flounder Witch flounder Wood River sculpin Woundfin Wrasses Yellow bass Yellow bullhead Yellow perch Yellowfin sole Yellowfin tuna Yellowstone cutthroat trout Yellowtail Family Embiotocidae Xiphias gladius Catostomus tahoensis Megalops atlanticus Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae Gila crassicauda Sebastolobus species Gasterosteus aculeatus Alopias vulpinus Eucyclogobius newberryi Menidia peninsulae Family Malacanthidae Notropis topeka Percopsis omiscomaycus Family Percopsidae Proterorhinus marmoratus Gila bicolor Hysterocarpus traskii Thunnus species Oregonichthys kalawatseti Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Rhomboplites aurorubens Gila semidnuda Lepidomeda mollispinus Menidia extensa Acanthocybium solandri Stizostedion vitreum Theragra chalcogramma Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis Lepomis gulosus Catostomus warnerensis Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Cynoscion regalis Lampetra richardsoni Gambusia affinis Hybognathus argyritis Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi Morone chrysops Pomoxis annularis Urophycis tenuis Acipenser transmontanus Coregonus species Fundulus albolineatus Sebastes entomelas Scophthalmus aquosus Pleuronectes americanus Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Cottus leiopomus Plagopterus argentissimus Family Labridae Morone mississippiensis Ameiurus natalis Perca flavescens Pleuronectes asper Thunnus albacares Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri Seriola lalandi

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Mammals
Aberts squirrel Agile kangaroo rat Allens big-eared bat Amargosa vole Ancient bison Arctic fox Arctic ground squirrel Armadillos Ash Meadows montane vole Atlantic spotted dolphin Atlantic white-sided dolphin Audubon bighorn sheep Axis deer Badger Bairds beaked whale Sciurus aberti Dipodomys agilis Idionycteris phyllotis Microtus californicus scirpensis Bison antiquiuus Alopex lagopus Spermophilus parryii Family Dasypodidae Microtus montanus nevadensis Stenella frontalis Lagenorhynchus acutus Ovis canadensis auduboni Axis axis Taxidea taxus Berarius bairdii

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cougar Puma concolor cougar Eastern elk Cervus elaphus canadensis Eastern mountain lion (see Eastern cougar) Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii Elephant seal (see Northern elephant seal) Elk (see Wapiti) Ermine Mustela erminea European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Fallow deer Dama dama False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus Fish Spring pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus abstrusus Fisher Martes pennanti Fletcher dark kangaroo mouse Microdipodops megacephalus nasutus Florida black bear Ursus americanus floridanus Florida mouse Podomys floridanus Florida panther Puma concolor coryi Fog shrew Sorex sonomae Fox squirrel Sciurus niger Franklins ground squirrel Spermophilus franklinii Frasers dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei Fresno kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides exilis Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes Gemsbok Oryx gazella Gervais beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus Giant bison Bison species Giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens Giant sea mink Mustela macrodon Golden-mantled ground squirrel Spermophilus laterallus, including subspecies bernardinus and certus Goose-beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Gray bat Myotis grisescens Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray seal Halichoerus grypus Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus Gray wolf Canis lupus Greater western mastiff-bat Eumops perotis californicus Greenland collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis Ground sloth Family Mylodontidae Guadalupe fur seal Arctocephalus townsendi Harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena Harbor seal Phoca vitulina Harp seal Phoca groenlandica Hawaiian hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus semotus Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi Heermanns kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni Hidden Forest Uinta chipmunk Tamias umbrinus nevadensis Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus Hoary marmot Marmota caligata Hooded seal Cystophora cristata Horse Equus caballus House cat Felis catus House mouse Mus musculus Humboldt beaver Castor canadensis baileyi Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Ibex Capra ibex Idaho ground squirrel Spermophilus brunneus Indian mongoose Herpestes javanacus Indiana bat Myotis sodalis Jaguar Panthera onca Jaguarundi Harpailurus yagouaroundi Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata Keens myotis Myotis keenii Key deer Odocoileus virginianus clavium Killer whale Orcinus orca Kit fox Vulpes macrotis Lambes horse Equus species Least weasel Mustela nivalis Lemmings Lemmus species Lesser long-nosed bat Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae Lion Panthera leo

Bairds shrew Sorex bairdii Baleen whales Suborder Mysticeti Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia Barren-ground grizzly bear Ursus arctos richardsoni Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus Bears Family Ursidae Beaver Castor canadensis Beluga whale Delpinapterus leucas Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis Bison Bison bison Black bear Ursus americanus Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes Black rat Rattus rattus Black right whale Balaena glacialis Black-tailed jack rabbit Lepus californicus Black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus Blainvilles beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus Bobcat Lynx rufus Bottas pocket gopher Thomomys bottae Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose whales Hyperoodon species Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus Brazilian free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis Broad-footed mole Scapanus latimanus Brown bear Ursus arctos Brown lemming Lemmus sibiricus Brush rabbit Sylvilagus bachmani Brydes whale Balaenoptera edeni Burro Equus asinus Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea lucida California bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis californiana California grizzly bear (see Grizzly bear) California ground squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi California leaf-nosed bat Macrotus californicus California mouse Peromyscus californicus California myotis Myotis californicus California pocket mouse Chaetodipus californicus California sea lion Zalophus californianus California vole Microtus californicus California wolverine Gulo gulo luteus Camels Family Camelidae Caribou Rangifer tarandus Cats Family Felidae Cave myotis Myotis velifer Central American spinner dolphin (see Spinner dolphin) Cetaceans Order Cetacea Channel Islands gray fox Urocyon littoralis Clymene dolphin (see Short-snouted spinner dolphin) Common dolphin Delphinus delphis Collared lemmings Lemmus species Collared pika Ochotona collaris Colonial pocket gopher Geomys pinetis colonus Columbian black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Columbian white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus leucurus Common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus Coyote Canis latrans Creeping vole Microtus oregoni Cumberland Island pocket gopher Geomys pinetis cumberlandius Cuviers beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Dall sheep Ovis dalli Dalls porpoise Phocoenoides dalli Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel Sciurus niger cinereus Dense-beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris Desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis nelsoni Desert Valley kangaroo mouse Microdipodops megacephalus albiventer Dire wolf Canis dirus Dolphins Stenella, Steno, and Tursiops species Douglas squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii Dusky-footed woodrat Neotoma fuscipes Dwarf sperm whale Kogia simus

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Myotis lucifugus Tamias speciosus Eutamias quadrimaculatus Myotis evotis Globicephala melas Myotis volans Stenella longirostris Microtus longicaudus, including subspecies latus Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata Louisiana black bear Ursus americanus luteolus Lynx Lynx canadensis Mammoths Mammuthus species Margay Leopardus wiedii Marten Martes americana Mastodons Mammut species Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra Merriams chipmunk Eutamias merriami Mesoplodont beaked whale Mesoplodon species Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus Mink Mustela vison Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Mohave ground squirrel Spermophilus mohavensis Moose Alces alces Morro Bay kangaroo rat Dipodomys herrmanni morroensis Mountain beaver Aplodontia rufa Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus Mountain lion Puma concolor Mountain pocket gopher Thomomys monticola Mt. Ellen chipmunk Tamias umbrinus sedulus Mt. Ellen long-tailed vole Microtus longicaudus incanus Mt. Ellen pocket gopher Thomomys bottae dissimilis Mt. Lyell shrew Sorex lyelli Mule deer Odocoileus hemionus Muskox Ovibos moschatus Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus Mustelids Family Mustelidae Narrow-faced kangaroo rat Dipodomys venustus Nelsons antelope squirrel Ammospermophilus nelsoni New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis Nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus North American lynx Lynx canadensis canadensis North American wolverine Gulo gulo luscus North Atlantic beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens North Pacific bottle-nosed whale Berardius bairdii Northern collared lemming Lemmus species Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus Northern pygmy mouse Baiomys taylori Northern red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus Northern right-whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis Northern sea lion Eumetopias jubatus Norway rat Rattus norvegicus Nutria Myocastor coypus Ocelot Leopardus pardalis Oldfield mouse Peromyscus polionotus Olive-backed pocket mouse Perognathus fasciatus Ornate shrew Sorex ornatus Owens Valley vole Microtus californicus vallicola Pacific fisher Martes pennanti pacifica Pacific marsh shrew Sorex bendirii Pacific shrew Sorex pacificus Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Pahranagat Valley montane vole Microtus montanus fucosus Pale Townsends big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii pallescens Pallid bat Antrozous pallidus Palmers chipmunk Tamias palmeri Panamint chipmunk Tamias panamintinus, including suspecies acrus Panamint kangaroo rat Dipodomys panamintinus Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata Little brown bat Lodgepole chipmunk Long-eared chipmunk Long-eared myotis Long-finned pilot whale Long-legged myotis Long-snouted spinner dolphin Long-tailed vole Peninsular bighorn sheep Perdido Key beach mouse Pig Pika Pinniped seals, sea lions, and walruses Plains bison Plains harvest mouse Plains pocket gopher Plains pocket mouse Polar bear Polynesian rat Porcupine Porpoises Prairie dogs Prairie vole Prebles shrew Pribilof Island shrew Pronghorn Puerto Rican hutia Pygmy killer whale Pygmy rabbit Pygmy sperm whale Raccoon Red-backed voles Red bat Red fig-eating bat Red fox Red squirrel Red tree vole Red wolf Reindeer (see Caribou) Rhesus macaque Rhinoceroses Ribbon seal Right and bowhead whales Right whale Ringed seal Rissos dolphin River otter Roosevelt elk Rough-toothed dolphin Round-tailed muskrat Sabertooth cats Saddle-backed dolphin Salt marsh harvest mouse Sambar San Antonio pocket gopher San Diego pocket mouse San Joaquin kit fox San Joaquin pocket mouse Sea lions Sea otter Sei whale Shermans pocket gopher Short-faced bear Short-finned pilot whale Short-snouted spinner dolphin Shrew-mole Shrews Sierra Nevada red fox Sierra Nevada snowshoe hare Silver-haired bat Singing vole Sitka black-tailed deer Snowshoe hare Sonoma chipmunk Sonoran pronghorn South African fur seal Southeastern pocket gopher Southern bottle-nosed whale Southern red-backed vole

891

Ovis canadensis cremnobates Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis Sus scrofa Ochotona princeps, including subspecies albata, nevadensis, sheltoni, and tutelata Families Otariidae, Odobenidae, and Phocidae Bison bison bison Reithrodontomys montanus Geomys bursarius Perognathus flavescens Ursus maritimus Rattus exulans Erithizon dorsalis Family Phocoenidae Cynomys species Microtus ochrogaster Sorex preblei Sorex hydrodromus Antilocapra americana Isolobodon portoricensis Feresa attenuata Sylvilagus idahoensis Kogia breviceps Procyon lotor Clethrionomys species Lasiurus borealis Stenoderma rufum Vulpes vulpes Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Arborimus longicaudus Canis rufus Macaca mulatta Family Rhinocerotidae Phoca fasciata Family Balaenidae Balaena species Phoca hispida Grampus griseus Lontra canadensis Cervus elaphus roosevelti Steno bredanensis Neofiber alleni Smilodon species Delphinus delphis Reithrodontomys raviventris Cervus unicolor Thomomys umbrinus curtatus Chaetodipus fallax Vulpes macrotis muticus Perognathus inornatus Eumetopias species Enhydra lutris Balaenoptera borealis Geomys pinetus fontanelus Arctodus simus Globicephala macrorhynchus Stenella clymene Neurotrichus gibbsii Family Soricidae Vulpes vulpes necator Lepus americanus tahoensis Lasionycteris noctivagans Microtus miurus Odocoileus hemionus sitchensis Lepus americanus Tamias sonomae Antilocapra americana sonoriensis Arctocephalus pusillus Geomys pinetus Hyperodon planifrons Clethrionomys gapperi

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Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Broad-banded water snake Broad-headed skink Brown tree snake Bunch grass lizard California black-headed snake California king snake California legless lizard California mountain kingsnake Canyon spotted whiptail Checkered garter snake Chuckwalla Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard Coachwhip Collared lizard Common caiman Common garter snake Common kingsnake Common map turtle Common musk turtle Common slider Common snapping turtle Corn snake Couchs garter snake Cuban ground iguana Culebra Island giant anole Dekays brown snake Desert collared lizard Desert horned lizard Desert iguana Desert tortoise Diamondback terrapin Diamondback water snake Eastern fence lizard Eastern indigo snake European pond turtle Flattened musk turtle Florida pine snake Florida sand skink Giant garter snake Gila monster Gilberts skink Glossy snake Gopher tortoise Granite night lizard Great Plains rat snake Great Plains skink Green anole Green iguana Green turtle Green water snake Ground snake Gulf salt marsh snake Hawksbill Horned ground iguana Indigo snake Island night lizard Kemps ridley Leatherback Leopard lizards Lesser earless lizard Lined snake Little striped whiptail Loggerhead Long-nosed snake Long-nosed leopard lizard Map turtles Massasauga Mexican garter snake Milk snake Mississippi mud turtle Mojave Desert sidewinder Mojave fringe-toed lizard Mona boa Mona ground iguana Nerodia species Eumeces laticeps Boiga irregularis Sceloporus scalaris Tantilla planiceps Lampropeltis getulus californiae Anniella nigra Lampropeltis zonata Cnemidophorus burti Thamnophis marcianus Sauromalus obesus Uma inornata Masticophis flagellum Crotaphytus collaris Caiman crocodilus Thamnophis sirtalis Lampropeltis getula Graptemys geographica Stenotherus odoratus Trachemys scripta Chelydra serpentina Elaphe guttata Thamnophis couchii Cyclura nubila Anolis roosevelti Storeria dekayi Crotaphytus insularis Phrynosoma platyrhinos Dipsosaurus dorsalis Gopherus agassizii Malaclemys terrapin Nerodia rhombifera Sceloporus undulatus Drymarchon corais couperi Emys orbicularis Kinosternon depressus Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus Neoseps reynoldsi Thamnophis gigas Heloderma suspectum Eumeces gilberti Arizona elegans Gopherus polyphemus Xantusia henshawi Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Eumeces obsoletus Anolis carolinensis Iguana iguana Chelonia mydas Nerodia cyclopion Sonora semiannulata Nerodia fasciata clarki Eretmochelys imbricata Cyclura cornuta Drymarchon corais Xantusia riversiana Lepidochelys kempii Dermochelys coriacea Gambelia species Holbrookia maculata Tropidoclonion lineatum Cnemidophorus inornatus Caretta caretta Rhinocheilus lecontei Gambelia wislizenii Graptemys species Sistrurus catenatus Thamnophis eques Lampropeltis triangulum Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis Crotalus cerastes cerastes Uma scoparia Epicrates monensis Cyclura stejnegeri

Southern sea otter Southwestern otter Sowerbys beaked whale Sperm whale Spinner dolphin Spotted bat Spotted seal Spotted skunk St. Lawrence Island shrew St. Matthews Island vole Stejnegers beaked whale Stephens kangaroo rat Steppe bison Striped dolphin Striped skunk Swamp rabbit Swift fox Tehachapi white-eared pocket mouse Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Tipton kangaroo rat Townsends big-eared bat Townsends ground squirrel Trues beaked whale Tule elk Tundra hare Tundra vole Uinta chipmunk Vagrant shrew Virginia opossum Voles Walrus Wapiti, elk Washington ground squirrel Weasels West Indian manatee Western jumping mouse

Enhydra lutris nereis Lontra canadensis sonora Mesoplodon bidens Physeter catodon Stenella longirostris Euderma maculatum Phoca largha Spilogale putorius Sorex cinereus jacksoni Microtus abbreviatus Mesoplodon stejnegeri Dipodomys stephensi Bison priscus Stenella coeruleoalba Mephitis mephitis Sylvilagus aquaticus Vulpes velox Perognathus alticola inexpectatus Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides Plecotus townsendii Spermophilus townsendii Mesoplodon mirus Cervus elaphus nannodes Lepus othus Microtus oeconomus Tamias umbrinus Sorex vagrans Didelphis virginiana Microtus species Odobenus rosmarus Cervus elaphus Spermophilus washingtoni Mustela species Trichechus manatus Zapus princeps, including subspecies curtatus Western mastiff-bat Eumops perotis Western pipistrelle Pipistrellus hesperus Western red-backed vole Clethrionomys californicus Western red bat Lasiurus blossevillii Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris White-footed vole Arborimus albipes White-sided jack rabbit Lepus callotis White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed jack rabbit Lepus townsendii White whale Delphinapterus leucas Whitebelly spinner dolphin (see Frasers dolphin) Wild boar (see Pig) Wolverine Gulo gulo Woodland bison Bison bison athabascae Woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou Woodrats Neotoma species Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Yellow-eared pocket mouse Perognathus xanthanotus Yellow-bellied marmot Marmota flaviventris, including subspecies fortirostris and parvula Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus monoensis Yuma myotis Myotis yumanensis Yuma puma Puma concolor browni

Reptiles
Alameda striped racer Alligator snapping turtle American alligator American crocodile Banded rock rattlesnake Barefoot gecko Big Bend slider Blandings turtle Blue-tailed mole skink Blunt-nosed leopard lizard Bog turtle Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus Macroclemys temminckii Alligator mississippiensis Crocodylus acutus Crotalus lepidus willardi Coleonyx switaki Trachemys gaigeae Emydoidea blandingii Eumeces egregius lividus Gambelia silus Clemmys muhlenbergii

Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 Monito dwarf gecko Musk turtles Narrow-headed garter snake New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake Night snake Northern water snake Northwestern garter snake Olive ridley Orange-throated whiptail Oregon garter snake Ornate box turtle Painted turtle Panamint alligator lizard Panamint rattlesanke Pine snake Plain-bellied water snake Plains black-headed snake Plains garter snake Plateau striped whiptail Plymouth red-bellied turtle Prairie kingsnake Prairie skink Puerto Rican boa Puerto Rican racer Queen snake Racer Red-bellied snake Red-bellied turtle Red-eared turtle Red-footed tortoise Reticulate collared lizard Ridge-nosed rattlesnake Ringed map turtle Ring-necked snake Rock rattlesnake Rosy boa Rubber boa Saltwater crocodile San Francisco garter snake Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Kinosternon species Thamnophis rufipunctatus Crotalus willardi obscurus Hypsiglena torquata Nerodia sipedon Thamnophis ordinoides Lepidochelys olivacea Cnemidophorus hyperythrus Thamnophis hydrophilus Terrapene ornata Chrysemys picta Elgaria panamintina Crotalus mitchellii Pituophis melanoleucus Nerodia erythrogaster Tantilla nigriceps Thamnophis radix Cnemidophorus velox Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi Lampropeltis calligaster Eumeces septentrionalis Epicrates inornatus Alsophis portoricensis Regina septemvittata Coluber constrictor Storeria occipitomaculata Pseudemys rubriventris Chrysemys scripta elegans Geochelone carbonaria Crotaphytus reticulatus Crotalus willardi Graptemys oculifera Diadophis punctatus Crotalus lepidus Lichanura trivirgata Charina bottae Crocodylus porosus Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia Santa Cruz Island gopher snake Sea turtles Sharp-tailed snake Side-blotched lizard Sierra garter snake Six-lined racerunner Skinks Slender glass lizard Smooth green snake Smooth softshell turtle Snapping turtles Softshell turtles Sonoran mud turtle Southern rubber boa Speckled kingsnake Spiny softshell Spot-tailed earless lizard Spotted turtle St. Croix ground lizard St. Croix racer St. Croix tree snake Striped racer Striped whipsnake Switaks banded gecko Texas horned lizard Texas slender blind snake Timber rattlesnake Tortoises Twin-spotted rattlesnake Virgin Islands tree boa Western box turtle Western cottonmouth Western hog-nosed snake Western pond turtle Western rattlesnake Western ribbon snake Wood turtle Yellow mud turtle [No common name]

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Pituophis melanoleucus pumilis Family Cheloniidae Contia tenuis Uta stansburiana Thamnophis couchii Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Family Scincidae Ophisaurus attenuatus Liochlorophis vernalis Trionyx muticus Family Chelydridae Family Trionychidae Kinosternon sonoriense Charina bottae umbratica Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki Trionyx spinifer Holbrookia lacerata Clemmys guttata Ameiva polops Alsophis sancticrucis Epicrates species Masticophis lateralis Masticophis taeniatus Coleonyx switaki subspecies Phrynosoma cornutum Leptotyphlops dulcis Crotalus horridus Family Testudinidae Crotalus pricei Epicrates monensis granti Terrapene ornata Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma Heterodon nasicus Clemmys marmorata Crotalus viridis Thamnophis proximus Clemmys insculpta Kinosternon flavescens Cyclura portoricensis